Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
David W. Agar
Gas - Liquid
Reaction Engineering
Short Course
16th-25th June 2003
Chemical Engineering Department
IISc Bangalore
Course content:
A survey of the most important gas-liquid reactions and the reactors
employed together with appropriate modelling & design fundamentals,
with special emphasis being placed on acid gas removal from syngas
& natural gas.
Recommended Reading:
1. Gas-Liquid Reactions P.V. Danckwerts, McGraw-Hill, 1970
Course schedule:
16.06.03 Introduction to gas-liquid reactor
24.06.03 Exercises
Gas
(2nd Liquid)
Catalyst Solid
Liquid
Differences
- heat effects slight
- minimal changes in physical properties
- fluid dynamics instead of porous solid structures
- importance of phase equilibria
- high separation factors
CA0
no reaction
const. slope
Gas G L Liquid
interface
Gas Phase
Surface film Liquid
CA0
Gas Liquid
CA0=0
Gas Liquid
Reaction
front
very fast reaction CA*
Gas R Liquid
instantaneous CA*
reaction
G L
CB [kmol/m] CA [kmol/m]
P[bar] 0.5x10-3
0.05
2
0.03 0.3x10-3
1
0.01 0.1x10-3
G L
CB [kmol/m] CA [kmol/m]
P[bar] 0.03
0.5
2
0.02
0.3
1
0.01
0.1
G L
Xrel
Reaction in film
Ha =
Penetration thru film
Phase interface
Proprietary agitators
Extruder
Homogenisation
Heat exchange scale-up
evaporative cooling bubble & solid
extruder reactor
falling film reactor distribution
jet mixer
internal / external shearing
loop reactor
heat exchangers stirrer power
. stirrer type
h) propellor
i) MIG (Ekato)
j) spiral
e,es is bs
b
n.tm
i c,cs=1.8e
a is
j d,ds=1.25e
e es bs
tm<<
.N.Di2
Re =
0.25 Di
= (
P/VR)
(/) Ne = P/N3Di5
as
i(s)
b(s)
VB
es
hs Wi
ds as
cs
N
bs is
f,j c,d
e hs
i
b us, Qg
Re
-0.20 -025 0.4
Mass
Pg
( )( Qg N Di
) ( )
Pg
2 4
= 0.1 transfer kLa = 0.0026 us0.5
P N.VL gWiVB2/3 VR
coefficient
a) Cooling/ b) Internal
heating heat
jacket exchanger
c) External d) Evaporative
heat cooling
exchanger intensive cooling
uniform T-profile
large reactors
facile maintenance
low external hold-up
flexible design
Gas-liquid
contactors
G = gas flow
L = liquid flow
Driving forces:
pressure drop
gravity
mechanical
energy
upflow jet-stream
downflow
Reactive
ReactiveDistillation
Distillation Catalyst
Catalystin
inwire
wiregauze
gauzeenvelopes
envelopesavoids
avoidsflooding
flooding
Reaction
Reactionrequires:
requires:
high
highliquid
liquidhold-up
hold-up
bubbly
bubblyflow
flow/ /froth
frothregime
regime
low
lowgas
gasvelocities
velocities
small
smallcatalyst
catalystparticles
particles
high
highcatalyst
catalystloading
loading
Distillation requires:
high interfacial areas
spray regime
open x-section for two phase flow
Compromise:
separate side-reactors
packing = 20-25% vol. of column
Absorber Stripping
pure gas
Absorbent column
make-up
pure gas
recovered
solvent
raw gas
with
solvent
vapours
raw gas absorbent liquid distributor
rich absorbent packing
Course schedule:
24.06.03 Exercises