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I. Eubacteria
▪ Proteobacteria
▪ Thin gram negative cell wall
▪ Includes photosynthetic, anaerobic photosynthetic
bacteria and cyanobacteria
▪ Firmicutes
▪ Thick gram positive cell wall
▪ Includes rods, cocci, Actinomycetes, Mycoplasma
(wall-less bacteria
II. Archae Bacteria
Methanogenes
▪ Strict Anaerobes
▪ Produce Methane (CH4), CO2 and Hyroden
Extreme Halophiles
▪ Require High Salt concentration
Thermoacidophiles
▪ Grow on Hot and acidic environment
SIZE
Unit of microbial measurement is the micrometer
(m), formerly micron () which is equal to:
1m = 1/1000 of a millimeter (mm)
1m = 1/25,000 of an inch.
Bacilli
Cocci (coccus, singular) –
spherical or round organisms
SPIRILLUM
Two factors that affect bacterial
arrangements:
Plane of division
DIPLOCOCCI DIPLOBACILLI
Chains – streptococci, – streptobacilli
STREPTOCOCCI STREPTOCBACILLI
Grapelike clusters – staphylococci
STAPHYLOCOCCI
Groups of four – tetrads (e.g., Peptococcus)
TETRADS
Packets of eight – cuboidal (e.g., Sarcinae)
PACKETS OF EIGHT
Palisades (slipping) – organisms tend to place
themselves side by side
(e.g., Corynebacterium)
PALISADES
Chinese character (snapping) – organisms
tend to bend at the point of division
CHINESE CHARACTERS
Greek words “taxes” – arrangement, “nomos”
– law
Nomenclature
Identification
Based on the is based on similarities and
differences in genotypes and phenotypes
Classification of organisms:
1. Autotrophs (lithotrophs) – require only water,
inorganic salts, and carbon dioxide for growth; they
don’t require organic nutrients for growth
Classification:
Prototrophics – do not require an exogenous source of growth factor since
they synthesize their own.
Classification of organisms
A. TEMPERATURE
Classification: