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Coordinate Geometry (Quick Revision)

Distance Between Two Points

Two points given  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2  , to get the distance of these two points

 x2 , y 2 

 x1  x2    y1  y2 
2 2
  y1  y2  Distance =

 x1 , y1  

Or =  x2  x1 
2
  y2  y1 
2

      
 x1  x2 

Division of a Line Segment

In the Middle

x1  1  x2  1 y1  1  y2  1
1 X Y
1 11 1 1
,
(X,Y)
 x2 , y2  x x
 1 2
y  y2
 1
2 2
 x1 , y1 
Midpoint = ( X, Y )

In the Ratio

n
x1  n   x2  m  y1  n   y2  m 
m X , Y
mn mn
(X,Y)  x2 , y2 
 x1 , y1  Point = ( X, Y )

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Area of Polygons

1 x1 x2 x3 x1
Area  ABC 
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
1 x1 x2 x3 x1 x1 x2 x3 x1
       
2 y1 y2 y3 y1 y1 y2 y3 y1
1
  x1 y2  x2 y3  x3 y1    x2 y1  x3 y2  x1 y3 
2

Area  0 if the points are parallel.

Equations of Straight Lines

The equation of a straight line can be expressed in three forms:

1. general form
ax  by  c  0

2. gradient form
y  mx  c

3. intercept form
x y
 1
a b

 To form an equation in gradient form, m and c are required.

Gradient , m 
 y1  y2 
 x1  x2 
or
y y 
 2 1
 x2  x1 

 To form an equation in intercept form, a and b are required.

Equation:
x y
 1
a b

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Equation of a straight line

1.  y  y1   m  x  x1 
 y  y1    y1  y2 
2.
 x  x1   x1  x2 
x y
3.  1
a b

Parallel Lines

m1 m2
m1  m2

Perpendicular Lines

m1
m1m2  1
1
m2 m1  
m2

Equation of a Locus

A moving point will form a locus that can be represented by an equation. A locus is a
collection of points under a satisfy given conditions.
The locus of points a fixed point is a circle.
The locus of a point equidistant from two fixed points is a straight line that
perpendicularly bisects the line joining them.
The locus of points a fixed distance from a line is two parallel lines running either
side.

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