How Globalization affects Equity

Joshua Konov 2010 In times of Globalization some economies and markets build equity, however some not only cannot use their equity to improve their standard of living but lose their equity to lack of business that provokes deterioration of equity or at least discount of equity. Equity is in the foundation of the economy and the market: in the past most of the equity consisted to physical property but gradually more intellectual property and subjective market securities have become equity. Thus when individual or corporate equity is evaluated plus the physical equity if any the intellectual property, the hold securities and the projected economic growth are considered equity. The trend toward intellectual property and market valued securities instead of physical equity is more than obvious for private and corporate equity equally. However, private equity for the majority in the world consists of physical property equity when intellectual and market securities equity is more possessed by very wealthy individuals and individuals living in the most developed economies.

There is direct correlation between market individual income and equity value, because equity value reflects general market value of a property which relates income financial statement. A property value supported by higher income statement is higher than a property value supported by lower income financial statement. In some cases -as it happened before the last Great Recession- market property value became uncontrollable prompted by pure speculations and compromised lending practices. Consequently the exasperation of property value burst bringing financial losses and lost of properties to many. Seemingly equity of property values should well reflect the real market property values which reflect general income level in this market. Talking about equity not related to physical property but could be intellectual property, market security, or projected economic growth with very high subjectivity in the real economy the market value of such equity is more related to security of intellectual property, market securities and certainty of projected economic growth. Factors that directly affect these equity are scrutinized historical development of the market,

most recent economic indicators showing the direction of this market and consistent indicators of the direction of proximal development, factors that indirectly affect these equity are the level of real acting rule of law and contracting laws of such market, the clarity and accountability of the marketplace and trading exchanges, the clarity and accountability of intellectual property laws, and the level of personal liability of the risk management of corporate structures, the fiscal stability and the respective infrastructural maintenance and improvement, and social and medical security in this market. Globalization has invoked the need for individual markets of using Social and Infrastructural expanses for balancing demand-to-supply when in the past these expenses were functioning as stoppers toward economic growth because the overall productivity was lower and there were many closed for globalization markets, now the conditions are changing the productivity is rising constantly and the almost all markets are eager to globalize. Other major changes at the moment are the Chinas entering WTO and the global competition and the consistent economic growth

for the last 20 years China has succeeded. By attracting the majority of global investment and by becoming economy to which outsourcing and new startup manufacturing China become the industrial power that might well tip-off supply-to-demand into demand-to-supply market configuration; such processes shorten already shortening employment in manufacturing to the rest of the world. Manufacturing, industrial production could well be considered in the foundation of the modern Capitalism that adds the most to fiscal reserves of most of global economies by highly paid employment; the most advantageous return of investment and the most secure buildup of equity: the higher growth of industrial production the higher level of equity value. The Most Developed Economies are considered the Most Industrialized Economies. In such market environment of Globalization (outsourcing and moving industrial production to less expensive economies) and rising Productivity (improvements in high technologies and shrinking employment marketplace cause this rising productivity) industrial employment is shrinking fast at US. Very few are the economies of Most

Developed ones that have succeeded under current forces of industrial competition to sustain industrial production and keep up their industrial leadership: Germany and Japan are the few. The value of equity as stated closely relates industrial production of the modern day economics therefore overall such value will deteriorate in markets with deteriorating industrial production. Modern economics does not take in consideration the value of already succeeded equity if economic industrial economic growth is not maintained and only short term self-adjustments are project-able. Such positions of equity directly relate the financial system of individual markets and the global financial system which lends on relatively high interest rates and short term, and in which corporate structures are run on short term profitability. Indeed equity related intellectual property and equity related market security are long term corporate equity however the fluctuations of overall market equity value often fluctuate and reflects corporate equity values violently. In the past when supply was leading and most developed countries were firmly holding onto the

global industrial production such fluctuations of individual and corporate equity values were productive because of prompting concentration of capital than prompting consecutive economic growth, then also less developed economies were more like satellites to the most developed ones being able to support fiscal reserves for social and infrastructural expenses. Even some parts of such industrial production was developed here and there in different countries the majority was still kept by the most industrialized economies. The equity values in most industrialized markets were therefore higher than these of in less developed markets and these still are, except that under the new arousing conditions of globalization and rising productivity industrial production has been gradually moved and outsourced to China, and now India, Brazil and Vietnam which are vastly populated countries with inexpensive labor force and some good industrial structures, therefore in terms of value of equity related industrial production the most definitive becomes the issue of lack of such industrial production to many economies and if such is reduced or lost what consequently would be their value of equity.

Intellectual property and market security values are much more flexible and adaptive than the real estate equity value because intellectual property and market security equity reflects an economy, country, marketplace achievements in education, social and infrastructural development that requires long term development thus countries as US that very well represents such succeeded development will be hard to be shut away as holders of such equities. However such superiority is a short term prospective even to the mighty US because of the Internet and the constant exchange of information and technologies, because of the outsourcing and moving industrial production the new emerging economies would pop-up if these themselves develop required infrastructure, social structures, and education to respond to the changing realities. In case of China when in the past its communist social policies were counter productive to its industrial growth and development under the most recent globalization and rising productivity Chinas Social and Infrastructural expenses proved to be very productive in balancing its demand-to-supply and thus succeeding consistent economic growth even

when the rest of the world went through the Great Recession, thus Chinas equity has risen much because of its economic growth. Equity values are very sensitive economic indicators more like currencies; the difference between them is that currencies values are more related to short term global adjustments and fluctuations when equity works in longer terms. Equity values are harder to built: real estate, infrastructure, intellectual property, market security equity values are to be used in the future as economic indicators for a country, economy, market evaluation and underwriting. To use equity values, economics must change the ways these values are preserved and enhanced even when industrial production is not going to be the main economic indicator as it has been for some time. Economic tools are to be used to sustain equity values in a as it comes: as it goes basis and approach, that approach differs from country, economy, market to country, economy, market because of their level of development, mentality and tradition. In some Social and Infrastructural expanses should be reduced in short term to prompt economic development in some the Social

and Infrastructural expenses should be well enhanced to prompt such economic development. There are some economic tools that are for all and these are the expanses for preventing pollution and implementing renewable energies, these are economic tools for balancing demandto-supply on a global scale and are to be financed by the global financial structures of the World Bank, IMF and WTO through Commercial Banks on a marginal interest rate or subsidies. For such lending paramount should be the enhancement of businesses security: of business and contracting laws, of personal liability to corporate structures, of corporate bonding. The global financial structures should be given the controlling functions over global balance of demand-tosupply to prevent from inflation, the issuing of monetary quantities power to keep interest rates low, the targeting countries, economies, markets weak points for building equity, the controlling over countries, economies, markets compliance with the guidelines and underwriting, the controlling over commercial banks execution of these guidelines and underwriting matrix.

The existing equity of countries, economies, markets should be the foundations for low interest lending therefore overall security should be enhanced thus countries, economies, markets could become eligible for financing. In the new century of market economics industrial production should not be the only way for fiscal reserves but ones equity that could be built by properly balancing its possible demand-to-supply and properly and pragmatically using all economic tools to raise its security.

Chinas Barbie Doll EconomicsOft-quoted, Dong

Tao, a heavyweight economist at UBS in Hong Kong, once said: A Barbie doll costs $20, but China only gets about 35 cents of that. He was talking about global trade statistics at the time, but that proclamation might help explain why Chinese companies are increasingly shopping for and successfully acquiring storied brands, most recently, Fords Volvo.The lesson: the big money is in owning the brand, not just making it for foreign companies, writes the APs William Foreman. Capacity (Equity) building as a Chinas National Policies is a balance between Free Enterprises

rising Productivity and Social and Fiscal Policies and Infrastructure Equity, capacity and sustainability The concept of equity in the context of capacity building is not sheer ethical. Its mixed with certain practical social and economic meaning, therefore inseparable from sustainability.Equity here contains three folds of meanings: 1) equity between existing generation and future generations; 2) Equity between different social members under the same generation; and 3) Equity in responsibility and obligation that different social members or groups have to achieve sustainable development. Equity between generations, to much extent, is subject to ethical area. The current generation, in moral sense, should avoid eat rice from ancestors while break future generationspot. They have no right to overconsume and damage natural environment and resources that the future generations will live in. This point was made very clear in the World Committee on Environment and Development Report. In its definition of sustainable development, that not to harm the future generations to meet the need of their own was established as a condition. Although capacity building of the current generation is helpful to equity between generations, this equity however is not the

most important problem to solve in the area of capacity building. The equity between different social members under the same generation is closer related to sustainability. On the one hand, from the perspective of social justice, its necessary that the society takes into consideration the poors interests so as to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor. This was emphasized in the Brundland Report. That is, The basic needs of the poor in the world should be put at the top priority. On the other hand, equity between different social members under the same generation is also a condition to sustainable development. It seems that there is not much connection between equity and sustainability, or not so direct. However by some analysis, can you find that different social membersunequally possession of the resources is an important reason for difficult sustainable development.This is because that even though the society in general is rich in resources averagely speaking, yet the gap in term of resources possession will force the social members short of resources to overuse or abuse their limited resources to make a living. Since the environmental problems are interrelated and intereffected, some part of unsustainability in the society will likely lead to an

overall sustainability. Therefore, equity is also a condition to the sustainable development process. Sustainable environment and equity of social responsibility and obligation have been an issue that developed countries and developing countries keep debating on. Who has polluted the environment? Who is making the environment worse and worse? This is an issue of responsibility and obligation. Even though its an issue of equity between different social members or groups under the same generation, in essence, its a practical issue in international politics and economics. However, even if every social member or group is willing to assume the obligation, does he have the capacity to realize the commitment? There you find that equity, capacity and sustainability are closely related with one and another. State Employment is used as a balance for higher wages in Non State Employment instead of used by the Economics of Capitalism (mostly and only) Employment Market Forces. . The Institutional Transition Under the Dual Labor Market From our analysis of the features of employment absorption and wage determination in the two parallel urban labor markets we can make the judgment that the labor market in the newly established sector determined

by market forces represent the future direction of development. In other words,the process of transformation from the SOEs employment system to NESs is the process of the formation of the labor and wage system of the market economy. How will this system transition take place? Since the two systems of labor and wage in the two kinds of sectors dominate their respective labor market, the competition for laborers between these two kinds of enterprises and therefore the expansion of one labor market and the reducement of another will realize the transition from one system to another. This is the first form that the transition of employment system will take. In the process of expansion and reducements of the two labor markets, caused by the competition between the two kinds of enterprises, the traditional system of the state sector will respond accordingly, namely by introducing reform in order to survive in the competition and shift to a market economy. In this way the second form of system transition takes place. First, we will look into how the first system transition that is characterized by employment transfers between the two kinds of enterprises occurs and the features of its transformation. If we suppose the urban labor market is closed off for outsiders, laborers are distributed merely

between the SOEs and NESs. Chart 1 indicates the competitive relations between these two sectors as well as the process of expansion and reducement of the two labor markets.The horizontal axis stands for the labor volume. From O1 to the right, the labor volume of the SOEs can be measured; from O2 to the left that of the NESs can be measured. The domain between O1 and O2stands for total supply of labor. The vertical axis stands for the marginal productivity of labors or the wage level. The curve tilting downwards from the right to the left is the curve of marginal productivity of labors in the NESs. It tilts because their marginal productivity of labors decreases with the increase of the employed labors size. At the same time, the marginal productivity of labors in the SOEs increases with the number of workers leaving their enterprises.Thus, the curve tilting downwards from the left to the right is the curve of marginal productivity of labors in the SOEs. The curve that is steeper, is the curve of marginal productivity of labors in the SOEs under the assumption that their wage level is determined by the market (see name in quotation marks). In this situation, this curve intersects at the point A with the curve of the marginal productivity of labors of NESs during their employed labor volume expansion. This means the wage level of

the two kinds of enterprises are equal to the point Wa, and the expansion of laborsvolume in NESs no longer continues. Then the labors volume in the SOEs is O1A while that of NESs is AO2. Since the SOEs are overstaffed and wage is not determined by the marginal productivity of labors, however, their curve of marginal productivity should be more flat (might be a horizontal beeline without elasticity), i. e. the curve whose name is without quotation marks that intersects at the point B with the curve of the marginal productivity of labors in the NESs. It is at this point that NESs stop expanding their labor volume, here the wage rate is Wb. As the wage is determined institutionally NESs need to pay higher wage to attract laborers; and the transformation of the laborers from the SOEs to NESs becomes smaller. In the real laborers distribution, the laborers volume employed by the SOEs is O1B instead of O1A, that for newly established enterprises is BO2 instead of AO2. So the NESs are limited by their ability to pay higher wage, the difference between labor volume they really employ and that they should employ is indicated by the distance between A and B in the chart. Chart 1 Labor Transfers between Two Sectors Our theoretical analysis reflect the reality of transformation of laborers between the two sectors. One characteristic of NESs is

very labor intense. It is not feasible for NESs to pay very high wage to attract employees from SOEs if NESs are to keep their advantage in laborers resource. So competition of employment is limited by the scope of their ability to pay high wages. Within this scope, however, NESs can certainly attract relatively high qualified workers to form the backbone of their enterprises without taking cost into account. As it is not possible for the NESs to obtain all the laborers they need from the state sector it is necessary to have other channels to find labor. If NESs had not have other such channels, this sector would not have been able to develop to the present stage. Our analysis above was made under the assumption that the urban labor market was closed off for outsiders, in our further analysis we will give up this assumption. NESs obtain highly qualified workers from the SOEs by paying higher wage in order to satisfy their needs for technology. The other source is laborers with common skills from the rural areas. China has discovered that globalization and international competition work in its favour.

Great exportations China overtakes Germany

to become the biggest exporter of all CHINAS rise has long appeared inexorable. Despite a decline

in total world trade, China has seen its exports fall less than those of other big powers. A new report by the World Trade Organisation calculates that the total value of merchandise exports fell by a staggering 23% in 2009. Among the top ten exporters, Japans shipments were worst affected (falling by 26%). Although Chinas exports also fell (by 16%), the contraction was less painful than in Germany (down by 22%). As a result China is now the single largest exporter. The global downturn has helped to reduce global imbalances; the leading three exporters accounted for 26.7% of total world exports in 2009 down from a third of the total in 2008. The WTO expects trade to rebound by nearly 10% this year.

The Real Reason China Resists on the RMBAs I

see it, China is asking a question to which there is no easy answer; what right does the US have to lecture anyone on economic matters now, having played so large a part in causing the current global recession through loose monetary policy, poor risk management by some of our most prestigious companies and monumental regulatory failures? They are responding to the continued US belief in American exceptionalism, that we can do whatever we do, right or wrong, and

ignore the criticisms and demands of other countries who often bear the consequences of our actions, while we continue to insist on our right to criticize and make demands on them. As Brad Delong and Stephen Cohen have pointed out, the US simply no longer has the economic clout to get away with this any longer, and who better than China to stand up to it? The problem of the Rest of the World is the ideological almost blind following of Marxs Das Kapital financial system controlled by the rules of trickle-down Capitalism that happen to be quite impractical even when this system built North Americas, Great Britain, France and Germany: Great Powers envied by anyone in the World, however looking in History things sometime have to change; it happened to Rome, Persia, Victorian Empires, and etc., thus change could be considered as ongoing now affecting different countries and markets in different ways, but the trend is quite similar ( In the World short term history: once mostly agriculturally driven GDP changed into mostly industrial production driven GDP, now it is about to change into mostly artificially balanced Demand-to-Supply Market Economics GDP not the ideological one followed as a mantra by the west,

however if global economy does not adapt to the new upcoming with the globalization challenges very hurtful consequences may occur). Joshua Konov 2010