PARASITOLOGY

WHAT IS PARASITOLOGY?

PARASITOLOGY is the science that
deals with organisms that take up their
abode temporarily or permanently, on
or within other living organism for the
purpose of procuring food and shelter
PARASITE, PARASITISM, PARASITEMIA

PARASITE – is a weaker organism that depends on
another organism for food and shelter

PARASITISM – association of two different specie

where one lives at the expense of another

PARASITEMIA – presence of parasites in the blood

 TYPES OF ASSOCIATION
OF LIVING ORGANISM

SYMBIOSIS - Two living organism of different
specie are dependent on each
other
- Both benefit from each other

MUTUALISM

- One benefit ; one not harmed

COMMENSALISM
or injured

PARASITISM
- One benefit; one is living in the
expense of others
KINDS OF PARASITE

Endoparasite

Ectoparasite

Obligatory parasite

Facultative parasite

Pathogenic parasite

Non-pathogenic parasite

Spurious parasite

Intermittent parasite

Permanent parasite

Periodic parasite

Transitory parasite

Incidental parasite

Erratic parasite

Coprophilic parasite

Hematozoic parasite

Cytozoic parasite

Coelozoic parasite

Enterozoic parasite

Pseudoparasite
According to habitat

Endoparasite - a parasite living INSIDE the body

Ectoparasite – parasite living OUTSIDE the body

According to needs for a host

Obligatory parasite – a parasite that NEEDS A HOST
at some stages of its life cycle

Facultative parasite – a parasite that MAY SURVIVE

IN A FREE-LIVING STATE or MAY BECOME
PARASITIC WHEN THE NEED ARISE
According to pathogenicity

Pathogenic parasite – a parasite that CAUSES
INJURY to the host

Non-pathogenic parasite – a parasite that DOES

NOT CAUSE INJURY to the host

Spurious Parasite – parasite of other animals which
passes thru the human body (stomach) without
causing injury or damage

Intermittent Parasite – parasite that visits and leaves

the host at intervals. Also known as temporary
parasite.

Example: mosquito
According to periodicity

Permanent parasite – a parasite that lives its whole
life (hatching until death) in a single host but eggs or
cyst are to be transferred to a new host before a second
generation develops

Periodic Parasite – parasite in which larval stage

develops in host different from that of an adult
According to periodicity

Incidental Parasite – a parasite which occurs
occasionally in an unusual host.

Example: Ancylostoma caninum

Erratic Parasite – it is the parasite that fixed in an

organ or habitat which is not its usual habitat

Example: Ascaris lumbricoides
According to their

Coprophilic parasite – it is a protozoan organism
which is able to live and multiply in moist fecal matter
outside the body.

Hematozoic parasite – is a parasite living inside a red

blood cell Example: Malaria

Cytozoic Parasite – is a parasite living inside the cell

or tissue.

Example: Isospora hominis

Coelozoic parasite – it is the parasite living in body
cavities

Example: Acanthocheilonema perstans
Mansonell ozzard

Enterozoic parasite – it is the parasite living inside
the lumen of the intestines

Pseudoparasite – artifact mistaken as parasite

Example: Blastocystis hominis
INFECTION vs INFESTATION

INFECTION – is the entry and development or
multiplication of a pathogen INSIDE the body of man
or animals

INFESTATION – it is the lodgement, development

and reproduction of arthropods ON THE SURFACE of
the body or in the clothing of man or fur of animals
KINDS OF HOST

What is a HOST?

It is the living organism that harbors the parasite
KINDS OF HOST

DEFINITIVE HOST

INTERMEDIATE HOST

1ST Intermediate Host

2nd Intermediate Host

RESERVIOR HOST

PARATENIC HOST

DEAD-END HOST
KINDS OF HOST

DEFINITIVE (PRIMARY HOST)
- is the host in which SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT and
multiplication of the parasite takes place

- Example: Mosquito
Malaria

KINDS OF HOST

INTERMEDIATE (SECONDARY HOST)
- Is the host where ASEXUAL state of the parasite takes
place

1ST Intermediate Host – EARLY LARVA stage of the

parasite

2nd Intermediate Host – INFECTIVE LARVA to the

definitive host
KINDS OF HOST

RESERVIOR HOST
- Is the host that harbors the same specie of parasite as
may man

- Example: PIG
Balantidium coli

KINDS OF HOST

PARATENIC HOST
- is the host that harbors the parasite in ARRESTED
STATE of development, however the parasite is able to
continue the cycle in a subsequent suitable host
KINDS OF HOST

DEAD-END HOST ( INCIDENTAL HOST)
- host that does generally not allow transmission to
the definite host, thereby preventing the parasite from
completing its development
- Examples humans
Echinococcus canine
tapeworms.
VECTORS
- these are animate or inanimate object that carries the
infective stage of the parasite

BIOLOGICAL VECTOR – transmit the parasite only after

the it has completed its development inside the host

MECHANICAL / PHORETIC VECTOR – just transport

the parasite
Stages of Life for a parasite

OVUM – is the female germ cell while still within the
uterus

EGG – is the female germ cell outside the uterus

EMBRYO – it is the early developing stage of the

parasite
Stages of Life for a parasite

LARVA – it is the early and usually is the feeding stage
of the parasite after embryo

TROPHOZOITE – it is the active, vegetative stage of a

protozoan. Also known as the pre-cyst stage.

CYST – it is the non-motile, non-feeding latent stage

of certain protozoa. It is surrounded by a thick wall to
prevent dehydration.
Parasite transformation

ENCYSTATION – trophozoite to cyst
Changes:
1. size: big
small
2. motility: motile
non-motile
3. food vacuole: present
absent
4. wall covering: thin
thick

EXCYSTATION – cyst to trophozoite

MODE OF REPRODUCTION

SEXUAL

Oviparous – parasite lays egg
hatch OUSIDE the host
body

Oviviparous – parasite lays egg
hatch INSIDE the
host body

Viviparous – bears living young, instead of laying eggs

ASEXUAL

Binary fission – This separates the parent cell into two
nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body

Parthenogenic – female parasite produce eggs without
being fertilized by a male
Epidemiology

SPORADIC – disease which occurs OCCASIONALLY
in ONE OR FEW members of the community

ENDEMIC – a disease which occurs more or less

CONSTANTLY in a PARTICULAR community
EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDEMIC – a REGIONAL OUTBREAK of the disease
usually affecting many individuals and spreading over
a wide area

PANDEMIC – is WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC of the

disease
Other words related to
parasitology

SAPROPHYTES - organism that grows on and derives
its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.