DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATIONS

A. ACTUAL

Date Basic Tests with Rationale Result Clinical Significance Nursing Interventions
Normal Values (before and after)

J Urinalysis An array of tests Useful for diagnosing Before the exam:

performed on urine; one renal disease or Urinary
A 1. Explain the purpose and
of the most common Tract Infection and for
importance of the test
N methods of medical detecting metabolic
diagnosis. disease not related to 2. Instruct the client to collect the
U
the kidneys. Many mid – stream urine.
A routine urinalysis are
3. Instruct to do hand washing
done in the health care
R before and after collecting the
providers office as well
specimen
Y as in the hospital or in a
private laboratory. The
color, appearance, and
odor of the urine are
examined, and the pH, After the exam:
2
protein, glucose

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7 ketones, and bilirubin 1. Label the specimen bottle with
are tested with the client’s name, room and bed.
reagents strips. To
2. Send the specimen to the
2 detect normal versus
laboratory.
abnormal urine
0
components. To detect
1 glycosuria. To aid in the
diagnosis of a renal
0
disorder.

Color Yellow Many things affect

urine color, including
Light straw to
fluid balance, diet,
dark amber
medicines, and diseases.
How dark or light the
color is tells you how
much water is in it.
Vitamin B supplements
can turn urine bright
yellow. Some
medicines, blackberries,

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 beets, rhubarb, or blood
in the urine can turn
urine red-brown.

Appearance Urine is normally clear. Slightly Cloudy It indicate that there is

Bacteria, blood, sperm, presence of bacteria.
clear
crystals, or mucus can
make urine look cloudy.

pH The kidneys regulate pH 7.0 The result indicates that

by conserving base the pH result is in
-4.6 – 7.5
bicarbonates and normal range.
eliminating hydrogen
ions. The result yielded
good functioning of the
kidney.

Specific gravity Evaluates ability of the 1.010 Our patient’s urine was
kidneys to concentrate in a normal spec.

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