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- Margaret Bau
Group dynamics is such a vast topic that to understand it
one must understand the core of it.
What is Sociology??
What is a Group??
Criteria for Group
Different types of Group
Four stages of Group Development by “BRUCE
TUCKMAN”
What is a Team??
What makes a Team?
Teamwork and Business
Why do team fails?
Introduction
Key theorists
Group development
Group size
Risky shift
Group think
Social support
Growth = Challenge + Support
Group norms
Group mix
Group games & activities
Case study
Conclusion
Bibliography
To know about Group Dynamics we first have to study the
basic idea of it and to start with it we shall explain What is
SOCIOLOGY?
- Face-to-face interaction
- Common fate
- Common goals
- Interdependence
TYPES OF GROUP: -
Stage 1: Forming
Stage 2: Storming
Stage 3: Norming
Stage 4: Performing
EXAMPLE
RISKY SHIFT: -
When people are in groups, they make decision about risk
differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are
likely to make riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes
the individual risk less.
They also may not want to let their compatriots down, and
hence be risk-averse (this is sometimes called cautious shift).
The overall tendency towards a shift in risk perception is
also sometimes called choice shift.
Show the other person how other people are making the
same decision. Frame the risk as individually less.
GROUP THINK: -
Groups sometimes fall into a style of thinking where the
maintenance of the group‟s cohesion and togetherness
becomes all-important and results in very bad decision-
making.
The leader should avoid being too directive and be vigilant for
groupthink effects. External opinions should be taken seriously or
even having external people included in meetings. The group
should be split into subgroups for reporting back and discussion.
Individuals should be privately polled for personal opinions.
Social Support Helps People Grow: -
Dancing
Dramaturgy
Ice-breaker games
Leadership games
Psycho drama
Win-win games
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITES
Before you start, ask the role players if any of them have a
role they do not what to play. Try to exchange it with
another person or allow them to leave the group or quickly
select another person or leave that role out. Some people
may develop psychological blocks for certain roles and it
would not be good for them to play it.
You will know when to stop the role play because after
awhile (10 –20 minutes) they will usually start getting silly,
usually laughing at themselves. If not, just step into the
circle and say, “I think we have developed enough of the
roles to talk about them.”
Start your debrief of the role play. Ask observers what roles
they saw? Then move to the role players. You can ask them a
number of questions about playing their role, like: Was your
role familiar to you? Was it hard to play? Did you like the
role? How did the role make you feel? Etc. Following the last
debrief, you will need to go to the center of the circle and
address each role player to defuse any residual feeling they
may have about playing the role. About half the people may
get a role they have played. You need to tell them they are
no longer playing the role before they leave the circle and
ask if any are having a problem with this? A few may and
you will need to process this with them so they can let go of
the role.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF
FOUNDATION OF HUMAN SKILLS
It is said that skills are innate. But research has proved that
these skills can be learnt and imbibed and used in our day-
to-day life. It is for this reason that people have written such
great books on these attributes. Today a manager‟s job is not
just restricted to taking major decisions. It is his
responsibility to delegate right job to the right person,
supervise his sub-ordinates, create a good environment to
work in, carry out various administrative work and most
important of all being futuristic. He has to understand and
study the human psychology and behavior in various
situations and act accordingly. It is for this reason, we being
future managers; have to study FOUNDATION OF
HUMAN SKILLS in order to understand ourselves as well as
others in a better way. The theory covered by this subject is
not just for studying but also for relating them practically.
In order to understand this in a better manner let us take a
real life example. This happened when I was in 9th grade. We
were going for our N.C.C. camp. Nobody ever thought that
our class which was well known for its mischievous
activities would do so well when it came to teamwork.
While we were in the bus, our supervisor, Mrs. Chakravarti,
well known for being hotheaded woman, didn‟t allow us to
sing and play during the trip. Her principle was „NO NOISE,
NO VOICE‟. We got so frustrated with that provocative
woman that finally we decided that no matter what
happens, we will not only enjoy but involve her in
enjoyment during our 3-day camp and make it a memorable
trip for her. It was declared that the class getting the
maximum marks would get a certificate from N.C.C. for
being the best class of the year. All of us had a desire to win
that certificate. This decision motivated us so much that for
the first time our attitude towards every classmate changed
and we started working as a group. Our scout leaders were
in-charge of taking care of all the activities. We won in
debates, elocution, theory, signs n symbols and other
curricular activities. Then came the doom day when we were
to be tested on marching. This was our last test and we had
to give our best shot. But because we were unable to hear
our teacher properly, we interpreted instructions in the
wrong manner and marched wrongly. It was just because of
this that we lost the title to be the best class amongst four
divisions. That was really depressing. But all of us had
achieved the real award; we learnt the value of working as a
team and adjusting according to different behaviors. It was
this attitude of ours‟ which made our class teacher proud.
Even our N.C.C. supervisor was happy after seeing the
efforts we had put in.
The above example highlights various skills like teamwork,
motivation, leadership, etc. and also tells about various
behaviors of individuals. This is also common in
organizations and world at large. What is important to learn
is that we should adapt to the environment and improve our
skills as far as possible.
CASE STUDY
Much of the work on groups and teams was originally done
in the 1940's and 1950's by two researchers called “Sherif &
Sherif”. In their most important work they took two street
gangs off the streets of New York City and gave them a
summer vacation at a resort in the up state New York. One
group was favored while the other one was subtly
discriminated against so it appeared as if the group was
always second best. As an example, the one gang was given
accommodations close to the meal hall while the other group
slept over half a mile away. The meals were on a first-come
first-serve basis which meant that the groups further away
were already operating on a disadvantage. In addition, both
groups were given small housekeeping tasks which had to
be done before they could go to meals. The people
inspecting the two gangs were given instructions to speed
on the first group while slowing on the second. The first
gang always beat the second to the meal hall and had first
choice of the meals. As you probably suspected, there was
not enough tasty food to go around and the meals the
second gang received were repetitive and not very
appetizing.