NOTES FOR BSc(Hons)

Mathematics
REAL ANALYSIS-1
Definition 1-: ( Bounded above sets)

A non empty subset ‘S’ of real numbers is said to be bounded

above if and only there exists a real number
‘K’ such that
x ≤ K for all elements ‘x’ of ‘S’
NOTE 1-: Such a number K if it exists may or may not be in ‘S’.

EXAMPLE 1-: S = { -1, -1/2,-1/3,-1/4……………………}

Is bounded above by ‘0’ and 0 does not belong to
the set ‘S’.
EXAMPLE 2-: S= { 1,1/2,1/3,1/4,………………………}
Is bounded above by 1 and 1 belongs to the set ‘S’.

NOTE 2-: If S is bounded above by K then we say that K is an

upper bound of S
NOTE 3-: If K is an upper bound of a set then all the numbers
greater than K are also upper bounds.

Definition 2-:(Bounded below sets)

A non empty subset ‘S’ of real numbers is said to be bounded

below iff there exists a real number ‘H’
Such that.
H ≤ x for all elements x of ‘S’
EXAMPLE 3-: in example 1 we have S is bounded below by -1 and
it belongs to S whereas in example 2 S is bounded below by 0 but
0 does not belong to the set S.

Prepared by
SANJEEV KUMAR SHUKLA
MSc Mathematics(DELHI UNIVERSITY)