Sie sind auf Seite 1von 451

wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (1)
]]*sdrf; ... 'vdef; ...}}
rdk;Ncdrf;oH &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmonf/
us,favmifpGm Nrnf[def;oGm;aom rdk;Ncdrf;oHonf [efMuLwpfNrdKUvkH; wkefcgoGm;vkrwwf NzpfoGm;\/
]]tr,fav; ... vefYvdkufwm rrav;&,f}}
csif;csif;u tvefYwMum; atmfvdkufrdonf/
olYrsufeuf0ef;uav;rsm;onf pkd;xdwfaMumufvefYrSKNzifh uv,fuv,f Nzpfaeonf/
atmfvdkufaom toHuav;yif wkef,ifaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf ckwifay: vJavsmif;ae&mrS &kwfw&uf vefYatmfvdkufol csif;csif;udk vSrf;Munfhonf/
ydkifpkusif\ tMunfhu wnfNidrfonf/
ESKwfrS wpfpkHwpf&m xkwfazmfraNymaomfvnf; rdk;Ncdrf;oHMum;onfESifh vefYatmfrdum csif;csif;udk
tNypfwifonfh oabmaqmifaeonf/
ydkifpkusifudk cspfaMumuf&kdaovSol csif;csif;onf wnfNidrfaom ydkifpkusif\ tMunfhaMumifh tawmfuav;
&SdefoGm;onf/ rsufESmi,fav;ESifh acgif;udk ikHYvdkufonf/
]]*sdrf; ... 'vdef; ... *sdrf;}}
rdk;Ncdrf;oH xyfrHay:aygufvmNyefonf/
ydkifpkusif\ Nypfwif&SKwfcsaom tMunfhaMumifh pdwfudkwif;xm;aom csif;csif;onf vefYratmfrdaomfvnf;
rsufvkH;av;NyL;um Zufuav;ykoGm;&&Smonf/
'kw, d tMudrf rd;k Ncdr;f oHonf rd;k aiGUygaom avNyif;udk tazmfac:vmonf/ avNyif;u rd;k om;wdrv f yd rf sm;udk
o,faqmifvmonf/
[efMuLNrdKU\ xuftmumaumif;uifwiG f rd;k om;wdrv f yd rf sm; rd;k vk;H Nynfrh Q zk;H vTr;f oGm;awmhonf/ aerif;\
vif;a&mifNcnfwef;rsm;yifvQif xlxyfodyfonf;vSaom rdk;om;wdrfvdyfrsm;udk xkd;azmufNcif;rNyKEdkifMuay/
1
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
apmapmu awmufyaeaom tvif;a&mifonf &kwfNcnf;arS;rSdeftm;aysmhoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY wnf;cdkaexkdif&m aEGOD;wnf;ckd&dyfom\ tcef;xJwGif cyfarSmifarSmif Nzpfvmonf/
ydkifpkusifeJY csif;csif;wdkYonf [efMuLNrdKUZmwd r[kwfay/ w&kwfNynfaNrmufydkif; a'owGif arG;zGm;MuD;Nyif;cJhMuNyD;
acwåa&muf&SdaeMuaom {nfhonfrsm;om NzpfMuonf/
olwdkY\ Zmwd&yf&GmwGif a'owGif rdk;enf;yg;onf/ rdk;wGif;tcgyif rdk;u cyfzGJzGJom &GmoGef;wwfonf/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHwnHnH vQyfEG,f vQyfyef;w0if;0if;eJY onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;nNcif;rsKd;r&Sd/
,ckvdk aEGOD;&moDtcsdeftcgrsKd;qdkvQif rdk;&GmoGef;Ncif; vkH;0r&Sd/ aumif;uifwGifvnf; yg;vSyfaom
wdrfNzLNzLrsm;om &Sdaewwfonf/
csif;csif;onf toufq,fhaNcmufESpfrQom &Sdao;onf/
odkif;ynm tawmftoifhwwfaNrmufaomfvnf; i,frli,faoG; raysmufwwfao;aomaMumifh rMuHKzl;aom
rdk;Ncdrf;oHudk &kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&onfhtwGuf xdwfvefYoGm;&Ncif; Nzpfayonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif rdk;u w0kef;0kef;Nzifh oJoJrJrJ &Gmonf/
wpfcsufwpfcsufwGif vQyfpD;rsm; NydK;ceJNyufceJ 0if;vufonf/ rdk;Ncdrf;oHrsm;uvnf; w*sdrf;*sdrf;
Nrnf[def;aeonf/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHrsm; wnHnHNzifh [def;a[mufum &GmoGef;aeonfrSm e*g;&dkif;MuD;wpfaumif a'grmefxum
aomif;usef;aeovdkrsKd; Nzpfaeonf/
]]rdk;Ncdrf;oH w0kef;0kef;eJY rdk;&Gmaewmu aMumufp&mMuD;yJ rrav;? uRefrwdkY 'DrSmqufaevdkY Nzpfyghrvm;?
'DavmufawmifrS rdk;u oJMuD;rJMuD; &Gmae&if tEÅ&m,fwpfckckawmh Nzpfvmvdrfhr,f xifw,f}}
csif;csif;u pdk;&drfylyefonfh trlt&mav;Nzifh ykdifpkusifudk vSrf;Munfhum aNymonf/
ydkifpkusifu avoHat;at;Nzifh ...
]]csif;csif;uvJ r[kwfwmawGudk awG;ylNyD; aMumufae&ovm;? eifhpum;udk wNcm;vlawGMum;&if tm;&yg;&
&,fukefMu vdrfhr,f}}
]][m ... rrav;rvJ? uRefraNymwm &,fp&mrS r[kwfwm? rdk;u wtm;&GmaewmaMumifh 'ku©NzpfukefrSmpkd;vdkY
aNymaewmygaemf}}
csif;csif;u qifaNcwufonfh uav;i,fwpfa,muf\ trlt&mrsKd;Nzifh aNymonf/
csif ; csif ; onf yd k i f p k u sif \ &H a &G a zmf N zpf o nf / yd k i f p k u sif u d k tvG e f c spf c if a v;pm;ovd k
aMumufvnf;aMumufonf/
csif;csif;taeNzifh ydik pf u
k sifukd apm'uwuf tNiif;yGm;Ncif;rsKd; rvky&f aJ y/ qifaNcay;onfh oabmrsKd;Nzifo h m
aNymvkdufNcif; Nzpfonf/
]]eifu 'DNrdKU&Gma'o&JU &moDOwk taNctaeudk rodbJ &rf;oef;aNymaewmudk;? 'Dawmh &,fp&mawGvdk
Nzpfaewmaygh}}
ydkifpkusifu rodem;rvnfonfh uav;wpfa,mufudk cGifhvTwfonfh tNyKH;rsKd;NyKH;NyD; aNymonf/
ydkifpkusif\ cGifhvTwfaom tNyKH;aMumifh csif;csif;rSm tenf;i,f &Jwif;vmNyD; ...
]]rrav;uaum uRefreJY bmrsm;ydkxl;vdkYvJ? uRefrwdkY ESpfa,mufpvkH; twlwl 'DaeYrS a[m'D [efMuLNrdKUudk
yxrqkH;tMudrf a&mufzl;Muwm r[kwfvm;}}
]]igu ukd,fwkdif ra&mufzl;ayr,fh pmtkyfawGxJrSm [efMuLNrdKU taMumif;udk zwfzl;w,f? 'Dawmh eifhxuf
ydkodw,f? 'DNrdKUrSm tckvdktcsdefqdk&if 'DvdkyJ rkd;u oJoJrJrJ &Gmaeus? 'Dvdk&Gmwm[m bmrSrqef;ovdk b,fvdkrSvnf;
tEÅ&m,fray;Edkifbl;}}
]][if ... wu,fyJvm;}}
]]eifr,kH&if Nywif;aygufuae tNyifbufudk vSrf;Munfhvkdufygvm;? 'DNrdKUuvlawG b,fvdktaNctaersKd;
&SdaeMuw,fqkdwm rsufNrifod&vdrfhr,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ pum;tqkH;wGif csif;csif;onf teD;qkH; Nywif;ayguf&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;oGm;&ef
aNcvSrf;Nyifonf/
2
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktcsdefrSmyif ...
]]*sdrf; ... *sdrf; ... 'vdef; ...}}
rdk;Ncdrf;oH wpfcsuf xyfrHxGufay:vmNyD; vQyfpD;a&mifrsm;vnf; 0if;vufoGm;Nyefonf/
þtMudrfwGif aNrMuD;yif wkefoGm;vkrwwf us,favmifNyif;xefonf/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHaMumifh csif;csif;rSm &ifxJwGif xdwfceJNzpfum vSrf;xm;aom aNcvSrf;udkyif aemufodkY
Nyef&kyfvdkufrdonf/
]]csif;csif;&,f ... okdif;ynmawG wwfxm;NyD; rdk;Ncdrf;wmudk aMumufae&ao;ovm;}}
ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;udk NyKH;&,fumMunfhNyD; aNymonf/
csif;csif;rSm rdrdudk aMumufonf[k taNymcH&onfhtwGuf rcHcsifNzpfoGm;onf/ &Sufvnf;&Sufrdonf/
&SufpdwfaMumifh yg;NyifESpfzuf eDa&miforf;oGm;onf/
]]rrav;uvJ ... rdk;Ncdrf;wmudkaMumufwmeJY okdif;ynmwwfwm bmrSrqdkifygbl;}}
csif;csif;u ESKwfcrf;av;plum &SufpEdk;trlt&mav;ESifh NyefaNym\/
ydkifpkusifu bmrQNyefraNym/ vJavsmif;ae&mrS tomxum Nywif;ayguf&Sd&mokdY avQmufvSrf;oGm;onf/
rdk;u oJoJrJrJ &GmaeNyDNzpfaomfvnf; Nywif;aygufwHcg;rsm;udk rydwf&ao;ay/ yGifhaeqJNzpfaom Nywif;aygufrS
vSrf;MunfhvQif tNyifbuf&Sd NrifuGif;wkdYudk aumif;aumif;NrifEdkifonf/
]]csif;csif; ... 'DrSmvmMunfhprf;? eifuom awmifawG;aNrmufawG;eJY pdk;&drfaewm? NrdKUxJuvlawGuawmh
toGm;tvmawmif rysufbl;}}
Nywif;aygufem;odkY a&mufoGm;aom ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;bufokdY vSrf;MunfhNyD;aNym\/
csif;csif;vnf; ydkifpkusif\teD;okdY tomt,mavQmufvSrf;oGm;um Nywif;aygufrSaeí tNyifbufokdY
vSrf;Munfh\/
ydkifpkusif taeNzifh rdk;onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;aeaomfvnf; [efMuLNrdKUol NrdKUom;rsm;tzkdY b,fvdkrQ
xl;Ncm;Ncif;r&SdaMumif; vufawGUNyvdkaomaMumifh csif;csif;udk ac:í tMunfhcdkif;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
okdYaomf xdkokdYNyorSKu ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdY\ b0ZmwfaMumif;udk wpfrsKd;wpfzkH aNymif;vJoGm;atmif
zefwD;ovdk NzpfoGm;avonf/
csif ; csif ; u Nywif ; ayguf r S a eí tNyif o k d Y vS r f ; Munf h \ / [ef M uLNrd K Uol N rd K Uom;rsm;onf
rdk;aygufrsm;tMum;wGif xD;rsm;aqmif;um toGm;tvmrysuf &SdaeMuonfudk awGU&onf/
]][m ... rrav; aNymwm[kwfw,f? NrdKUolNrdKUom;awGu toGm;tvmawmif rysufMubl;aemf?
oJoJrJrJ&GmaewJh rdk;u olwdkYtwGuf bmrSxl;Ncm;ykH r&bl;}}
csif;csif;u cyfwdk;wdk; a&&GwfaNymqdkonf/
]]eif u aNrmuf y d k i f ; a'o&J U &moD O wk u d k y J taorS w f x m;wmud k ; ? &yf & G m a'ouG J N ym;ovd k
&moDOwktaNctaevnf; uGJNym;Ncm;em;wwfwmyJ}}
ydkifpkusifu þodkY aNymqdkaeqJrSmyif wpfpkHwpf&maom NrifuGif;aMumifh csif;csif;rSm rsufvkH;av;NyL;us,f
0kdif;pufatmif tHhtm;oifhoGm;&av\/
NrifuGif;u tHhMop&m pdwf0ifpm;p&mNzpfonf/
]]rrav; ... [kdrSm ... [kdrSm}}
csif;csif;onf ESKwfrS wtHhwMo a&&GwfaNymqdk&if; wpfae&modkY vufnSdK;xdk;nTefNyonf/
csif;csif;\ trlt,mxl;Ncm;rSKaMumifh ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif; nTefNy&mokdY vSrf;Munfhonf/
Nrifvkduf&aom NrifuGif;aMumifh ydkifpkusif rsufarSmifMuKwf oGm;&onf/
ydkifpkusifwkdY wnf;cdkaexkdifonfh tcef;onf wnf;cdk&dyfom wwd,xyfwGif &Sdonf/ txufpD;rS
NzpfaomaMumifh tawmfa0;a0;okdYyif aumif;aumif;NrifEdkif awGUEdkifonf/
cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif vloluif;&Sif;aom vrf;auGUav; wpfck&Sdonf/ xdkvrf;auGUav;wGif tMudwfte,f
wdkufcdkufrSKwpfck NzpfyGm;aeonf/
wdkufyGJrSm bufrrQaom wdkufyGJNzpfonf/
3
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tpdrf;a&mif 0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh vlokH;a,mufu tndKa&mif 0wfpkH0wfxm;aom vlwpfa,mufudk
0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufaeMuonf/
ESpfzufvkH; "m;&Snfrsm; udkifpGJ wdkufcdkufaeMuonf/ NydK;Nyufvdkufaom vQyfyef;vQyfEG,f wkdY\
tvif;a&mifaMumihf "m;a&mifrsm;onf vufceJ vufceJ Nzpfaeawmhonf/
xdkYNyif vQyfNyufvkdufonfh tvif;a&mifNzifh wdkufcdkufaeMuolwdkY\ &kyfoGifudkvnf; aumif;pGmNrifEdkifonf/
0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlokH;a,mufvkH;onf &kyf&nfMurf;wrf;Muonf/ tndKa&mif0wfvlrSm &nfrGefacsmarmonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif ewfvkvifwpfa,mufudk ,u©bDvl; okH;aumifu 0kdif;0ef;wdkufckdufaeovdkvdk
xifrdonf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wf vlonf wpfa,mufESifh trsm; tiftm;csif;rrQaomfvnf; aMumuf&GHUaemufwGefYonfh
toGifr&Sd/ tm;rmeftNynfhNzifh ckHcHwdkufcdkufaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wf vkvifysKdonf owådaumif;um a,mufsm;yDovSonf[k
xifrdonf/
rdk;u oJoJrJrJ &Gmaeovdk tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wf vkvifysKdESifh tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wf vlMurf;MuD;
okH;a,mufwdkY\ wdkufyGJuvnf; rdk;ESifhtNydKifyif Nyif;xefvSonf/
xuftmumaumif;uifwGif vQyfyef; vQyfEG,frsm; NydK;ceJNyufceJ Nzpfaeovdk tMudwfte,f wdkufyGJrS
"m;a&mifrsm;uvnf; vufceJ 0if;ceJ Nzpfaeonf/
csif;csif;onf Nyif;xefpGm &GmoGef;aeaom rdk;ESifh rdk;Ncdrf;oHrsm;udkyif tav;rxm;EdkifawmhbJ tMudwfte,f
wdkufcdkufaeonfh wdkufyGJudk tai;om;Munfhaerdonf/
xdo k Ydk pdw0f ifpm;pGm Munfah eqJrmS yif tndKa&mif0wfp0Hk wf vlonf tpdr;f a&mif0wfp0Hk wf vlo;Hk a,mufwYkd \
wdkufcsufrsm;udk [efYwm;xdk;azmufum vrf;usOf;av;twdkif; aNy;xGufoGm;\/
tpdrf;a&mif 0wfpkH0wf vlokH;a,mufonf tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wf vl\ xdk;azmufwkdufckdufrSKaMumifh
z&kdz&JNzpfum usefaecJhonf/
okYd aomf xdv k o
l ;Hk a,mufonf csucf si;f yif ud,
k [
f efrsm;udk xde;f vdu
k Mf uum tndKa&mif0wfp0Hk wfval emufvYkd
taNy;yifvdkufoGm;Mu&m wpfcPtwGif;rSmyif vrf;csKd;tauGUav;wGif NrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;Muonf/
]]olwdkYu rdk;awG 'Davmuf oJoJrJrJ &GmaewJhMum;rSm bmaMumifhrsm; taotaMu wdkufcdkufaeMu&wmvJ[if
... rrav;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifbuf vSnfhMunfhNyD; ar;onf/
]]aMomf ... csif;csif;&,f? igvnf; eifhvdkyJ 'Duae twlwl vSrf;MunfhaeMuwmyJ[m? eifar;wmudk igu
b,fvdkaNzEdkifrSmvJ? olwdkY bmaMumifh wdkufcdkufaeMuw,fqdkwmudk igvnf; odEdkifyghrvm;}}
ydkifpkusifu NyefaNymonf/
]][kdvl vGwfatmif a&SmifaNy;Edkifyghrvm; rodbl; rrav;}}
csif;csif;\ avoHu pdk;&drf[efNzpfay:aeonf/
]]tvG,feJYawmh trdcH&r,f r[kwfygbl;? olY&JU odkif;ynmu tawmfaumif;ykH &ygw,f}}
]]'Dvlu odkif;ynmaumif;vsufom;eJY bmaMumifh [kdvlokH;a,mufudk aMumufNyD; xGufaNy;&wmvJ}}
ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;\ tar;udk taNzray;yJ Nywif;wHcg;udkom ydwfvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf ckwif&Sd&modkY
NyefoGm;um ckwifay:wGif wifyg;vTJxdkifcsonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif apmapmu NrifcJh&onfh wkdufyGJudk rarhEdkifovdk Nzpfaeonf/
wpfa,mufESifhtrsm; &ifqdkifwdkufckduf ae&avaom 0wfpkHndK0wf vlbufrS 0ifa&mufulnDay;vkdonfh
pdwfqE´rsm;vnf; Nzpfay:vmrdavonf/
]][kdvlu aMumufvkdYawmh [kwfr,frxifbl;? olYrSmtaMumif;wpfckck &SdvdkYom a&Smifwdrf; xGufaNy;oGm;wm
Nzpfr,fxifygw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu wD;wkd;a&&Gwf aNymqdkvdkufonf/
csif;csif; bmrQ NyefraNym? tawG;ESifhom idkifawGpOf;pm;aeonf/
4
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tcef;xJwGif wdwfqdwfíaeonf/
tNyifbufwGif rdk;u oJoJrJrJ &GmaeqJ/
---------------------------------------------------------------

wpfaeYvkH; wpfnvkH; &GmoGef;aecJhaom rdk;onf aemufwpfaeYeHeuf t&kPfwufcsdefavmufwGif


wdwfoGm;onf/
rdk;wdwfoGm;onfh tcgwGif aumif;uifNyifü wdrf[lorQ tenf;rQyif r&SdawmhyJ yuwdMunfvifaeonf/
rdk;a&qrf;xm;onfh aNrMuD;rsm;u odkokdodyfodyf &Sdum ywf0ef;usifuvnf; pdrf;vef;pdkNynfvsuf tvGefyif
vSyom,monf/
aexGuv f mNyD; aea&mifNcnf yufzsef;vdu k af omtcg pdr;f pkad om ydw0f ef;usifu ydí k yif touf0ifvmovdv k kd
xif&onf/
t&kPw f ufí tvif;a&mifay:xGuv f mNyDrYkd ydik pf u
k sifEiS hf csif;csif;wdYk ESpaf ,mufonf [efMuLNrdKU aNrmufbuf
NrdKUpGefwpfae&mwGif&Sdonfh u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;awmfMuD;odkY tvnfa&muf&SdvmMuavonf/
ywf0ef;usifu ,refaeYuESifh bmrQrqdkifatmifyif om,mvSyaeonf/
rdk;eHYygaom avuav; wdkufcwfaeaomaMumifhom ,refaeYu onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;cJhaom rdk;udk
owd&aeonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYESpfa,muf u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;aomtcg bk&m;ausmif;wGif
vloluif;&Sif;vsuf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeonfudk awGUMu&\/
]]rrav; ... u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;u emrnfausmf wefcdk;MuD; bk&m;ausmif; wpfckqdk? a[m ... ckawmh
aNcmufuyfuyfeJU vlawmifr&Sdygvm;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk cyfwkd;wdk; aNymvdkufonf/
]]tcsdefu tapmMuD; &Sdao;wmudk;? bk&m;zl;awG b,fa&mufvmOD;rvJ? igu at;at;aq;aq;
bk&m;zl;&atmifvdkY apmapmxGufvm ...}}
ydkifpkusifrSm pum;udk qkHatmif raNymEdkifbJ wpfydkif;wpfpESifh &yfwefYoGm;onf/
olr\ rsufESmay:wGifvnf; tHhMoxdwfvefUonfh trlt&m ay:vmonf/
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ rrav; ... bmawGU&vdkYvJ}}
ydkifpkusif\ xl;Ncm;pGm aNymif;vJoGm;rSKonf wpfpkHwpf&mudk awGUNrifvdkuf&aomaMumifh Nzpfrnf[k csif;csif;
tuJcwfrdonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; ,ckvdk tavmwMuD;yif ar;vdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;\ tar;udk ESKwfNzifhNyefraNzyJ cyfvSrf;vSrf;&Sd xif;&SL;yifMuD; wpfyifqDokdYom
vufnSKd;nTefNy vkdufonf/
csif;csif;vnf; ydkifpkusif vufnSKd;nTefNy&mokdY vSrf;Munfh\/
]][m ... vlwpfa,muf vJaeygvm;}}
csif;csif;\ ESKwfrSa&&GwfoH ay:vmonf/
[kwfonf/
rvSrf;rurf;&Sd xif;&SL;yifMuD; wpfyifatmufwGif vlwpfa,muf arSmufvsufom; vJaeonf/
]]igwdkY oGm;MunfhMupkdU}}
ydik pf u
k siu
f xko d YdkaNymNyD; xif;&SL;yifMuD; &S&d modYk aNcvSr;f oGuo f uG Nf zifh avQmufvrS ;f oGm;onf/ csi;f csi;f vnf;
ydkifpkusif ESifhtwl vkdufygoGm;\/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHudk aMumufcJhaom csif;csif;rSm ,ckrl owådcJrav; Nzpfaeavonf/
vJaeolrSm vkvifysKdwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ arSmufvsufom; vJusaeonfhtwGuf rsufESmudk rNrif&ay/
rnfolrnf0g NzpfaMumif;udkvnf; rodEdkif/ ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGifrl xdkvludk Nrifzl;ovdkvdk xifrd\/
]]rrav; ... b,fvdkvkyfrvJ? olYudkMunfh&wm touf&Sdaeao;ykH&w,f}}
5
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk aNymvdkufonf/
ab;'ku©ESifh MuKHawGUum owdvpfvJaeoludk awGY&onftwGuf wwfEdkiforQ ulnDay;&ef ydkifpkusifESifh
csif;csif;wkdYESpfa,muf toifh&SdaeMuonf/
odkYaomf ulnDay;a&;wGif olwdkYtzdkY tcuftcJ&Sdaeonf/
csif;csif;onf toufq,fhaNcmufESpft&G,f rdef;uav;Nzpfum ydkifpkusifrSmvnf; toufq,fh&SpfESpft&G,f
rdef;rysKdwpfa,mufNzpf\/
rvTJra&Smifomaom taMumif;udpöaMumifh rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufwnf; c&D;xGufvmMuaomfvnf;
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYonf olpdrf;a,mufsm;ysKdrsm;ESifh eD;eD;uyfuyf aexdkif&rnfudk &Suf&GHUMuonf/
'Pf & mES i f h vJ u saeol r S m a,muf s m;ysKd w pf a ,muf Nzpf a e&m eD ; eD ; uyf u yf NyKpk u l n D a y;&ef
r0Hhr&JNzpfaeMuonf/
pdwfxJu apwem&Sdoavmuf vufu rygEdkifMuay/
xdktckduf ydkifpkusif\ acgif;xJwGif tMuHaumif;wpfckudk pOf;pm;rdonf/
]]'Dvdkvkyfav ... eifu bk&m;ausmif;xJoGm;NyD; ausmif;apmifhwpfa,mufa,mufudk &Smac:vmcJh? ig 'DrSmyJ
apmifhaecJhr,f? NrefNrefvkyfaemf}}
ydkifpkusif\ tMuHudk oabmusaomaMumifh csif;csif;vnf; acgif;udkwpfcsufndwfvkdufum
]][m ... [kwfw,f? rrav; pOf;pm;rdwJh tMuHodyfaumif;w,f? uRefr tckyJ ausmif;apmifhudk
oGm;ac:vdkufr,f}}
csif;csif;onf aNymaNymqdkqdk taNy;uav; xGufoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifurl owdvpfum arSmufvsufom; vJusaeol\ teD;wGif &yfapmifh&if; usefaecJhonf/
cPtMumwG i f csif ; csif ; onf ausmif ; apmif h N zpf [ ef w l a om touf a Ncmuf q ,f c ef Y &S d
tbdk;tdkwpfa,mufESifhtwl taNy;tvTm; Nyefa&mufvmonf/
]]'DvlygyJ bb? MunfhNyD; NyKpkay;ygOD;}}
csif;csif;u owdvpfvJaeoludk nTefNyNyD; aNymonf/
ausmif;apmifh tbkd;MuD;onf bmrQ ar;Nref;raeawmhbJ arSmufvsufMuD;vJusaeaom vl&G,fudk
tomaz;rayGU,lum yufvufNzpfatmif NyKNyifay;vdkufonf/
vl&G,f\ &ifbwfwGif "m;'Pf&m wpfcsuf&Sdaeonf/
'Pf&m tawmfNyif;xefykH&onf/
vl&G,f\ rsufESmudkawGYvkduf&aomtcg ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf
MunfhrdMuonf/
xkdvl&G,frSm ,refaeYu rdk;xJavxJwGif 0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlokH;a,mufwkdY\ 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufNcif;cH&um
xdk;azmufxGufaNy;oGm;cJhonfh tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wf vl&G,fNzpfaeonfudk ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY csufcsif;yif
rSwfrdvdkufMuonf/
]]"m;'Pf & m&NyD ; aoG ; xG u f v G e f a evd k Y owd v pf a ewmyg? touf r aoao;ygbl ; ? 'gayr,f h
ausmif;xJac:oGm;NyD; NyKpkay;rS Nzpfr,f? aoG;xGufvGefoGm;&if 'kuöawGUEdkifw,f}}
ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD;u vl&G,f\ 'Pf&mrsm;udk ppfaq;Munfh&SKNyD; aNymonf/
]]bbyJ wwfEdkiforQ MunfhNyD; NyKpkay;yg? aq;0g;awG vkdr,fqdk&ifvnf; uRefrwdkY oGm;0,fay;yghr,f}}
ydkifpkusifu ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;udk wm0efay;tyfonf/
]]usKyfqDrSm ta&;taMumif;&Sd&if okH;Edkifatmif aqmifxm;wJh aq;aumif;0g;aumif;awG &Sdygw,f}}
ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;u aNymaNymqdkqdk owdvpfaeaom vl&G,fudkxrf;um u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;twGif;&Sd
Z&yfwpfaqmifodkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYvnf; ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD;\ aemufrS twlvdkufcJhMuonf/

6
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ausmif ; apmif h t bk d ; MuD ; onf vl & G , f u d k Z&yf t a&S U yd k i f ; &S d tcef ; wpf c k x J o d k Y ac:oG m ;NyD ; ck w if a y:wG i f
oufawmifhoufom Nzpfatmif wifxm;ay;onf/
'Pf&mrsm;udk aq;aMumum temusufaq;rsm;xnfh ywfwD;pnf;ay;onf/ ayusHaeonfrsm;udk
oefYpifatmif aq;aMumNyD; t0wftpm;rsm;vJay;onf/ csif;&nfESifh a&mpyfxm;aom tm;wdk;aq;wpfcGufudkyif
wdkufauR;vdkufao;onf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYu ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD; NyKpkukoay;aeonfudk NidrfoufpGmyif MunfhaeMuonf/
]]'Dvl odyfuHaumif;w,f? rdef;uav;wdkYeJYom rawGUcJh&if aoG;xGufvGefNyD; toufawmif qkH;Edkifw,f}}
vl&G,fudk NyKpkay;NyD;aemuf tbkd;MuD;u ydkifpkusifwdkYbufvSnfhNyD; aNymonf/
]]ol ... ol ... owd&Edkifyghrvm; bb}}
ydkifpkusifu pdk;&drf[efNzifh ar;onf/
]]'DtwGuf rylygeJY? rMumcif Nyefowd&vmrSmyg? tckawmh 'Pf&mt&Sdefu &SdaewJhtNyif apmapmu
wdkufvkdufwJh tm;wdk;aq;rSm tdyfaq;enf;enf;vnf; ygw,f? 'Dawmh olqufNyD; ESpfESpfNcdKufNcKduf tdyfaevdrfhr,f?
uJ ... uJ ... rdef;uav;wdkYvnf; oGm;p&m&Sdwmukd oGm;EdkifygNyD? olUtwGufawmh pdwfomcsoGm;Muyg}}
]][kwfuJh ... uRefrwdkY oGm;vkdufygOD;r,f? wpf&ufESpf&uf avmufMum&if olYtaNctaeudk MunfhzkdY uRefrwkdY
NyefvmcJhyghr,f}}
]]aemuf okH;&ufavmufMumrS vm&if ydktqifaNyygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefus&if 'Doli,f&JU taNctaeuvnf;
awmfawmfav; aumif;vmygvdrfhr,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD bb}}
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYonf ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;udk aus;Zl;wifpum;qdkum ESKwfqufNyD;
xGufcGmvmcJhMuonf/

7
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (2)
okH;&ufaNrmufaeY eHeufapmapmtcsdefNzpfonf/
tcsd e f a pmao;aomaMumif h u0d e wf b k & m;ausmif ; ok d Y bk & m;zl ; rsm; a&muf r vmao;bJ
Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfaeonf/
Z&yfwpfaqmifxJ&Sd tcef;wpfcef;xJwGif vl&G,fwpfa,mufonf ckwifay:ü wifysOfacGxdkif&if; twGif;tm;
avhusifhvsuf&Sdae\/
'Pf&m temw&rsm; tawmfyif oufomvmNyDrdkY vl&G,f\ acsmarmaom&kyfoGifu ydkíay:vGifvmonf/
vl & G , f o nf touf E S p f q ,f r Q&S d N yD ; &k y f & nf r S m a,musf m ;acsm acsmonf / ES K wf c rf ; rsm;u yg;vS y f u m
pum;aNymaumif;rnfh toGif&Sdonf/
ar;&dk;tus cyfaNyaNyESifh ESmwHay:NyD; rsufvkH;rsufckH; aumif;rGefonf/
]]a'guf ... a'guf ...}}
cyfoJhoJh ay:vmaom wHcg;acgufoHaMumifh twGif;tm;avhusifhaeaom vl&G,fonf csufcsif;yif
ckwifatmufokdY qif;um tcef;wHcg;udk oGm;zGifhay;onf/
wHcg;yGifhoGm;aomtcg tcef;xJodkY ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD; avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufvmonf/
]]a[m ... bb&Sefudk;}}
vl&G,fu ysLiSmazmfa&GpGmyif ESKwfqufonf/
vl&G,f\ pum;aNymqdkykHrSm tawmfrGef&nfonf/ tNyKH;uvJ qGJaqmifrSK&Sdonf/
ausmif ; apmif h t bk d ; MuD ; bb&S e f u d k awG U vd k u f o nf h t wG u f vS K d u f v S K d u f v S J v S J 0rf ; omaeonf h
toGifrsKd;xif&Sm;pGm ay:vGifaeonf/
]]b,fhES,fvJa[h ... &SD;[kef? aexdkifaumif;aeNyD r[kwfvm;}}
bb&Sefu vl&G,fudk ar;vdkufonf/
8
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][kwfuJh ... bb&Sef NyKpkukoay;vdkY trsm;MuD; usef;rmvmygNyD? odyfaus;Zl;wifygw,f bb&Sef&,f?
NyD;awmh uRefawmfhudk u,fwifNyD; bb&SefqDrSm tyfay;xm;cJhMuwJh aus;Zl;&Sif rdef;uav; ESpfa,mufudkvnf;
uRefawmfawGUcsifvdkufwmAsm? olwdkYudk uRefawmf udk,fwdkif aus;Zl;wifpum; aNymcsifw,f}}
&SD;[kefu &nfrGefcsKdompGm NyefaNymonf/
]]at; ... rif; awGUcsifaewm awGU&rSmayghuG,f? olwdkY 'DaeYreufyJ a&mufvmMuvdrfhr,f}}
]][m ... 'Dvdkqdk 0rf;omp&myJaygh bb&Sef&,f}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif Z&yfay:okdY avQmufvSrf;wufvmaom aNcoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufMu&onf/
]]a[m ... aNym&if;qkd&if; aNcoHMum;w,f? rdef;uav;ESpfa,muf a&mufvmMuNyDeJY wlw,f? [kwfr[kwf
igxGufMunfhvdkufOD;r,f}}
]][kwfuJh ... bb&Sef}}
ausmif ; apmif h tbd k ; MuD ; bb&S e f o nf tcef ; tNyif b uf o k d Y aNcvS r f ; oG u f o G u f N zif h
avQmufvSrf;xGufoGm;onf/
&SD;[kefonf tcef;xJwGif rwfwwf&yfvsuf apmifhqdkif;&if; usefaecJhonf/
tcef;tNyifbufrS wD;wdk;pum;aNymoH Mum;&NyD;aemuf cPtMumwGif tcef;xJokdY bb&SefESifh
trsKd;orD;av;ESpfa,muf 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
&SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusif\ [efYwm;rSKudk tav;rxm;yJ 'l;axmufNrJaxmufae&m ydkifpkusifu bb&Sefudk
tultnDawmif;onfh tMunfhrsKd;Nzifh vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
bb&SefrSm raeomawmhbJ ...
]]uJ ... uJ ... xvdkufygawmh &SD;[kef? rdef;uav;u rif;aus;Zl;wifwmudk em;vnfoabmaygufygw,f}}
bb&Sefonf yg;pyfrS aNym&if; &SD;[kefudk rwfwwfxvsufom; Nzpfatmif qGJxlay;onf/
]]uRefremrnf ydkifpkusifyg? a[m'gu uRefr&JU &Ha&Gazmfrdef;uav; csif;csif;}}
ydkifpkusifu rdrdwdkY\ trnfrsm;udk xkwfazmfaNymum rdwfqufonf/
]]uRefawmfhemrnfu &SD;[kefyg? uRefawmfhudk ulnDu,fwif ay;cJhwJhtwGuf trsm;MuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f?
'Daus;Zl;udk uRefawmfhwpfouf rarhygbl;}}
]]'geJY 'Du tpfuu kd b,fvkd taMumif;udpaö Mumifrh sm; tckvkd Nzpf&wmvJ? olrsm;udprö mS 0ifpyfpwk ,fvYkd awmh
rxifygeJYaemf}}
csif;csif;u ar;vdkufonf/
]][m ... rxifygbl;Asm? rxifygbl;? 'DtaMumif;udk &Sif;Nycsifaewmyg? uJ ... xdkifMuygOD;av?
at;at;aq;aq; aNymMuwmaygh}}
&kyf&nfoGifNyif rGef&nfcefYacsmNyD; pum;taNymtqdk &nfrGefaom &SD;[keftay: ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdY
ESpfa,mufvkH;u cifrifpdwfrsm; tvdkvdkNzpfay:vmrdonf/
ydkifpkusifonf 0ifxdkif&ef tenf;i,f &Suf&GHU&GHUNzpfaeaomfvnf; uav;qefí oGufvufcsufcsmaom
csif;csif;url xdkifckHwpfckwGif apGYueJ 0ifxdkifvdkufum
]]vmav rrav;? cPxdkif&atmif}}
ydkifpkusifvnf; csif;csif;\ ab;em;wGif tom0ifxdkifcsvdkufonf/
&SD;[kefESifh bb&SefwdkYrSmrl ckwifay:wGifyif xdkifMuonf/
&SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifudk tomMunfhNyD; pum;ponf/
]]rdpämraemodkif;usrf;qdkwm nDrwkdY Mum;zl;Mur,f xifw,f}}
rdpämraemodkif;usrf;qdkaom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ydkifpkusif\ rsufvkH;xJwGif ta&mifwpfcsuf
vufoGm;onf/
]]&Sif ... rdpämraemodkif;usrf; ... [kwfvm;}}
ydkifpkusifu wtHhwMo Nyefar;vdkufonf/
]][kwfygw,f? rdpämraemokdif;usrf;eJY ywfoufNyD; wdkYudk 0kdif;wdkufcdkufMuwmygyJ}}
9
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tpfudku tJ'D rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk &xm;vdkYvm;}}
]]r[kwf&ygbl;Asm? rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk NrifawmifrNrifzl;ygbl;}}
]]'geJYrsm; ...}}
&SD;[kefu vufumNyvdkuf&m ydkifpkusifrSm pum;wpfykdif;wpfpESifh &yfwefYoGm;&onf/
]]nDrwdkYu wdkY&JUaus;Zl;&SifawG NzpfaewmaMumifh taMumif;pkH &Sif;Nyyghr,f}}
&SD;[kefu xdkokdYaNymNyD; vufzuf&nfMurf; wpfyef;uefiSJUum aomufvdkufonf/
&SD;[kefrSm tawmfyif pdwfvSKyf&Sm;aeonfhtwGuf ol\vufrsm; wkef,ifaeonf/
vSKyf&Sm;aeaom pdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif tcsdef,lxdef;odrf;onfh oabmNzifh vufzuf&nfMurf;
wpfyef;uefiSJUum aomufvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
xdkYNyif rdrd\ pum;udk ydkifpkusifwdkY pdwf0ifpm;rSK &Sdr&Sdudkvnf; vufzuf&nfMurf; aomuf&if; rodrom
tuJcwfMunfhvdkufavonf/
rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufvkH;u rdrd\ pum;udk pdwf0ifpm;pGm em;pGifhaeMuonfudk awGU&rS &SD;[kef
auseyfoabmusoGm;onf/
&SD;[kefu vufzuf&nfMurf; yef;uefudk NyefcsNyD;aemuf pum;qufNyefonf/
]]tJ'DNyóemNzpfaewJh rdpämraemokdif;usrf;eJY ywfoufrdykHuawmh ... [dwf b,folvJ}}
&S;D [keo f nf ydik pf u
k sifwYdk udk aNymNyae&mrS &kww f &uf Nywif;aygufbufoYdk vSr;f Munfu h m toHus,fus,fEiS hf
atmf[pfar;Nref;vdkufonf/
&SD;[kef aNymMum;rnfh pum;rsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;pGm em;pGifhaeMuaom ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYrSm &kwfw&ufrdkY
vefYzsyfoGm;Mu&onf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... &SD;[kef? rif;u raoao;bJudk;? w,ftoufNyif;ygvm;uG ... a[}}
Nywif;ayguf tNyifbufrS iSuq f ;dk xd;k oHtvm; atmf[pf&,farmaNymqdv k u
kd o
f u
H &S;D [ke\f pum;tqk;H wGif
qufí ay:xGufvmonf/
&SD;[kef rsufESm uGufceJ ysufoGm;onf/
olYtaeESifh "m;'Pf&mrS oufomcgpNzpf&m a&muf&Sdvmaom &efolrsm;udk &ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&ef
rNzpfEdkifaMumif; aumif;aumif;em;vnfxm;onf/
xdYk Nyif a&mufvmonfh &eforl sm; taMumif;udv k nf; aumif;aumif; odxm;aomaMumifh &S;D [kerf mS tawmfyif
aMumufvefYaerdonf/
&S D ; [k e f \ wd w f v ef Y wk e f v S K yf a eaom trl t &mud k yd k i f p k u sif tuJ c wf r d u m tul t nD a y;&ef
pdwfydkif;Nzwfvdkufonf/
]]csif;csif; 'Du tpfudk&JU'Pf&m[m oufomcgpqdkawmh &efolukd &ifqdkifzkdYrvG,fbl;? 'Dawmh eifyJMunfhNyD;
tqifaNyatmif vkyfvdkufyg}}
ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;udk aNymvdkufonf/
þpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg &SD;[kefESifh bb&SefwdkYrSm tawmfyif tHhMooGm;rdMuonf/
csif;csif;vdk i,f&G,fEke,faom rdef;rysKdav; wpfa,muftaeNzifh tNyifwGif a&mufaeonfh &efolrsm;udk
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf Edkifrnf[k olwdkYu rxifMuay/
]][kwfuJh ... rrav;}}
&SD;[kefESifh bb&SefwdkY thHMoaerdMuqJrSmyif csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusif\ trdefYudkemcHum Nywif;aygufrSaeí
tNyifokdY vTm;ueJ ckefxGufoGm;onf/
csif;csif;\ toGifrSm tenf;i,frQyif aMumuf&GHUpkd;xdwf[efr&Sd? usm;ysKdrav;vdk &J&ifhowdåawG
tNynfh&Sdaeavonf/
csif;csif;onf Nywif;aygufrS tNyifodkY usm;ysKdrav;\ &J&ifhowdårsKd;Nzifh vTm;ceJY ckefxGufvmonf/
tNyifbufokdY a&mufonfESifh &efoludk &ifqkdifrdonf/
&efolrSm odkif;orm;vlMurf;MuD; av;a,mufNzpfonf/
10
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]&SifwkdYu b,folawGvJ? rdkuf&dkif;&rf;um;vScsnfvm;}}
csif;csif;u odkif;orm;vlMurf;MuD; av;a,mufudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; aNymvkdufonf/
odkif;orm;vlMurf;MuD; av;a,mufteufrS wpfa,mufu tcef;xJ&Sd &SD;[kefMum;avmufatmif
toHus,fus,fNzifh vSrf;atmfaNymonf/
]]a[h ... &SD;[kef rif;u b,fvkdvJ? a,mufsm;r[kwfbl;vm;? bmaMumifh udk,fhudpöxJrSm wNcm;rdef;rom;
wpfa,mufudk qGJoGif;&wmv}}
rdrdtar;pum;udk tav;rxm;bJ &SD;[kefudkom vSrf;atmfaNymvdkufrSKaMumifh csif;csif;rSm tawmfyif
cHNyif;oGm;onf/
]]'Dr,f ... 'Dr,f ... tpfukd&SD;[kefudk vSrf;atmfaNymvm; bmvm;rvkyfygeJY? &SifwdkY bmtwGuf
a&mufvmw,fqdkwmudkom aNymprf;}}
csif;csif;u avoHrmrmESifh aNymvdkufNyefonf/
]]w,f ... 'Daumifrav;? udk,fhudpör[kwfbJeJY 0ifr&SKyfprf;eJY? igwdkY &SD;[kefeJYyJ aNz&Sif;csifw,f}}
odkif;orm;vlMurf;MuD; wpfa,mufu cyfaigufaigufaNymvdkufNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf xdkvlav;a,mufonf rdrdwdkY "m;&Snfrsm;udk toD;oD; qGJxkwfvdkufMuonf/
csif;csif;rSm 'Pf&maysmufuif;cgpNzpfaom &SD;[kefudk ulnDumuG,fay;Edkif&ef ydkifpkusif\ trdefYt&
&efoludkxGufí &ifqdkifNcif;Nzpfonf/ ,ck Nzpfay:aeonfh udpörsm;ESifh ywfoufí taMumif;pkHudk aoaocsmcsm
roday/
odkYaomf 'Pf&mrS aysmufuif;cgp vlwpfa,mufudk trsm;pktiftm;Nzifh vma&mufwdkufcdkufonfhtwGuf
xdkvlav;a,mufrSm vl&rf;um; odkif;orm;qkd;rsm;om Nzpf&rnf[k csif;csif;u wpfxpfcs xifrSwfaerdonf/
xdkvlav;a,mufu vufeufrsm; udk,fpDxkwf,lvdkufMuaom tcg rdrdwGufqxm;csuf rSefaeNyD[k csif;csif;
,lqvdkufNyefonf/
]]&SifwkdYu odkif;ynmtm;udk;eJY &rf;um; wkdufcdkufcsifMuw,faygh [kwfp}}
csif;csif;u "m;orm;av;a,mufudk at;pufaom tMunfhNzifhMunfhNyD; aNymvdkufonf/
xdkokdYaNym&if; nmbuftuFsDvufzsm;p&SnfMuD;udk qufceJ a0SY,rf;vdkufav\/
]]0Spf ...}}
tuF s D v uf z sm;p aNrmuf w uf o G m ;u wpf z uf & ef o l w pf a ,muf \ nmvuf a umuf 0 wf u d k
tzsm;cyf&dkufrdoGm;onf/
tuFsDvufzsm;pNzifh tzsm;cwfum &kdufrdaomae&monf vufaumuf0wf&Sd aoG;aMumuGufqkHae&mwpfck
Nzpfonf/
xdv k \ l nmvufarmif;wpfcv k ;Hk xku
H sOfvsuf avxJwiG f udik x
f m;aom "m;&Snrf mS vnf; vGwu f soGm;onf/
csif;csif;\ vSKyf&mS ;rSKonf cyfreS rf eS o
f m Nzpfonf/ tuFsv D ufzsm;pudk a0SY,rf;&du
k Ef u
S vf u
kd &f mwGiv f nf; MuD;rm;aom
tm;tifryg&Sday/
odkY&mwGif odkif;uGufonf tpGrf;xufqef;Nym;NyD; &dkufcsufu aoG;aMumuGufqkHae&mudk wdwdusus rdrd&&
&dkufrdaomaMumifh xdkol\ vufrS "m;&Snf vGwfusoGm;&Ncif;Nzpfayonf/
csif ; csif ; onf od k i f ; ynmrsm; avh u sif h o if , l c J h & mwG i f twG i f ; tm;avh u sif h r S K aumif ; pG m
ratmifNrifao;onfhtwGuf twGif;tm; taNccHNrifhrm;euf&SKdif;Ncif; r&Sdao;ay/
rdrd\ taNctaeudk csif;csif; oabmaygufonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; twGif;tm;xnfhokH;&onfh
wkdufcdkufrSKrsKd;udk rNyKvkyfbJ odkif;uGufpGrf;&nf xufNrufonfh tuGufqef;udkokH;um tcsufusus wdkufcdkufonf/
]]awmuf ... 'Daumifrav;udk t&if&Sif;ypfMuprf;}}
&efolrsm;bufrS acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlolu a'gowMuD; atmf[pf\/
xk d o l \ atmf [ pf o H t qk H ; wG i f &ef o l r sm;onf csif ; csif ; ud k 0ef ; &H u m twif ; w&Murf ; yif
wdkufcdkufMuavawmh\/
&SD;[kefwkdY vlpku tcef;Nywif;aygufwGif &yfum csif;csif;wkdY\ wkdufyGJudk MunfhaeMuonf/
11
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wdkufyGJponfESifh csif;csif;u "m;orm;wpfa,muf\ vufrS "m;&SnfvGwfxGufoGm;atmif yd&daooyfNyD;
tuGufqef;onfh okdif;uGufNzifh wkdufcdkufvkdufonfudk olwkdY NrifMu&onf/
xdkYNyif usefokH;a,mufu csif;csif;udk 0dkif;&HwdkufcdkufMuonfudkvnf; awGYMu&onf/
]][m ...}}
&SD;[kefu pdk;&drfonfhtrlt&mrsKd; NyKvkyfNyD; udk,f[efudkvnf; &kwfw&uf vSKyf&Sm;vdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kef\ trlt&mESifh vSKyf&Sm;[efudkMunfhum csif;csif;twGuf pdk;&drfaomaMumifh
aNy;xGufulnDwdkufcdkuf&ef udk,f[efNyNcif;Nzpfrnf[k tawG;aygufoGm;rdonf/
]]bmrS pdk;&drfraeygeJY tpfukd&,f? csif;csif;u 'DyGJudk aumif;aumif; xdef;Edkifygw,f? tpfukd 0ifulay;p&m
rvkdygbl;}}
ydkifpkusifu &SD;[kefudkaNymonf/
]]tif; ... wkdYtwGufeJY nDrwkdYtay: tvum;ae&if; &efrD;yGm;vmrSm pdk;vdkYyg? NyD;awmh ...}}
&SD;[kefuvnf; ydkifpkusif\ pum;ESifh a&ma,mifum NyefaNym\/
olYpum;rqkH;rD ydkifpkusifu Mum;Nzwfí ...
]]cPavmuf apmifhMunfhvdkufygOD;av? csif;csif;wpfa,muf taNctaer[efbl;qdkrS tpfudk 0ifulnDay;csif
0ifulnDaygh}}
]]aMomf ... tif; ... tif;}}
&SD;[kefu acgif;udkndwfNyD; qufvuf a&ma,mifum aNymNyefonf/
wu,fawmh &SD;[kefonf csif;csif;twGuf pkd;&drfpdwfESifh 0ifulnD&ef udk,f[efNyNcif;r[kwf/
olYtMuHESifhol vSKyf&Sm;rSK NyKvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifu wm;Nrpfvdkufaomtcg bmrQraNymawmhbJ wdkufyGJudk qufMunfhaeonf/
csif;csif;onf b,fnm vufESpfzufudk vSKyf&Sm;um tuFsDvufzsm;p&SnfESpfckudk odkif;uGufusus a0SY,rf;NyD;
&efolokH;a,muf\ wkdufcdkufrSKudk &ifqdkifonf/
&efolokH;a,mufonf csif;csif;\ wdkufcdkufrSKrsm;udk &ifrqdkifEkdifonfh toGifNzifh aemufokdY ',D;',dkifESifh
qkwfoGm;Muonf/
csif;csif;u aemufqkwfoGm;aom &efolwdkYukd qufvufzdwdkufcdkufNcif;rNyK? wdkufcdkufrSKudk tom&yfwefYum
xdkvlrsm;udk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; ...
]]'Dwpfcgawmh oufnSmvkdufr,f? aemuf 'grsKd;MuKH&&ifawmh roufombl;qdkwm oabmayguf}}
"m;orm; av;a,mufonf rausreyf cHNyif;onfh trlt&mrsm;ESifh csif;csif;udkMunfhNyD; csmueJ vSnhfum
xGufoGm;Muonf/
rwwfomonfhtwGuf aemufqkwfay;vdkuf&onfhoabmrsKd; Nzpfonf/
wpfzuf&efol "m;orm;av;a,muf aemufqkwfxGufcGmoGm;onfESifh csif;csif;vnf; ydkifpkusifwdkY&Sd&m
tcef;xJodkY Nyef0ifvmcJhonf/
]]tckvdk wdkYtwGuf ulnDay;wm aus;Zl;wifygw,f? rif;u odkif;ynm tawmfaumif;wmudk;? wkdYu
taMumif;rodao;awmh rif;twGufpdk;&drfNyD; 0ifulnDay;r,fvdkYawmif MuHrdao;w,f}}
&SD;[kefu csif;csif;udk aus;Zl;wifpum;qdk&if; csif;csif;\ odkif;ynmpGrf;udk csD;rGrf;onf/
]]'Davmufvnf; r[kwfao;ygbl;? uRefru okdif;uGufqef;awGudkom wwfwm? twGif;tm;uawmh
aumif;aumif; taNcrckdifao;bl;? qufavhusifh&OD;r,f}}
csif;csif;u [efaqmifrSKuif;onfh tNyKH;udk NyKH;NyD; yGifhvif;pGm NyefaNymonf/
]]'D u tpf u d k u vnf ; at;at;aq;aq; tem;,l v d k u f y gOD ; ? tpf u k d Y ud k &ef N yKr,f h v l a wG
Nyefrvm&JMuawmhygbl;? olwkdYtwGuf tpfukd pdwftaESmifht,Suf tNzpfrcHygeJYawmh? uJ ... uRefrwdkYvnf;
NyefvkdufOD;r,f? tpfudk tckvdk usef;usef;rmrm &Sdaewm awGU&vkdY 0rf;omygw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu ESKwfqufpum;qdkNyD;aemuf csif;csif;udk ac:um xGufcGmvmcJhonf/
&SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYESpfa,mufudk Z&yfa&SUokdY ta&muf vdkufydkYay;onf/
12
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;[kefonf Z&yfa&SUwGif&yfum avQmufvSrf;xGufoGm;aom ydkifpkusifudk ai;Munfhaerdonf/
]]csif;csif;[m twGif;tm; taNcrckdifao;ayr,fh odkif;uGufqef;awGudkawmh tawmfhudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif
okH;Edkifw,f? &Ha&Gazmfrdef;uav;awmif 'Davmufawmf&if ydkifpkusif&JU odkif;ynmuawmh odyfudk Nrifhrm;rSm trSefyJ?
NyD;awmh ydkifpkusifu &kyfvnf;tawmfacsmw,f? ightzdkY uHxl;w,fvdkY qkd&r,f}}
&SD;[kef\ pdwfxJwGif awG;aerdonf/
pifppf olonf odkif;avmu\ vl&SKyfwpfa,mufNzpfonf/ olUudk okdif;avmuwGif zsHMuD;&SD;[kef[k
ac:Muonf/
&SD;[kefonf omreftqifhNrifh odkif;orm;wpfa,mufom Nzpfaomfvnf; odkif;avmutaMumif;udkawmh
ESHYpyfuRrf;usifvSonf/ yg;eyfum vl&nfvnfvSonf/
olwpfyg;\ rsufckH;arT;ay: pMuøavQmufaeolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/
wdkufwkdufqdkifqkdifqdkovdk odkif;avmu tawGUtMuKHenf;yg;vSaom ydkifpkusifwdkYonf okdif;avmuwGif
vlvnfusaeol zsHMuD;&SD;[kefESifhrS qkHrdMuKHrdMu&avonf/ ydkifpkusif\ tvStyu &SD;[keftzdkY rsufpdusp&m
Nzpfaeovdk csif;csif;\ odkif;ynmESifh wGufqNyD; ydkifpkusif\ odkif;ynmuvnf; &SD;[keftwGuf rufarmp&m
Nzpfaeonf/
ydik pf u
k sifEiS hf &if;ES;D cifrif&ef vrf;pay:aeNyDNzpf&m xkv
d rf;aMumif;twkid ;f yg;eyfpmG qufavQmufvrS ;f oGm;&ef
&SD;[kef qkH;Nzwfvkdufonf/
]]ydkifpkusifeJY ydkNyD;&if;ESD;cifrifatmif vkyf&r,f? NyD;awmhrS}}
&SD;[kefonf acgif;xJwGif tMuHxkwfpOf;pm;&if; auseyfpGm NyKH;vdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifwdkYuawmh þtaMumif;udk rodMuay/ &SD;[kefudk ESpfvkdzG,f&maumif;aom &nfrGefonfh
vkvifysKdwpfa,muf[kom &dk;om;pGm rSwf,laeMuonf/

13
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (3)
yd k i f p k u sif o nf &S D ; [k e f u d k &nf r G e f & d k ; om;onf h a,muf s m;ysKd w pf a ,muf [ k rS w f , l a eonf /
odkif;orm;vlMurf;MuD;rsm;\ 0kdif;0ef; &efNyKwdkufcdkufrSKudk wpfa,mufwnf; &ifqdkifae&&Smonf[kvnf; awG;um
oem;ydkaerdonf/
aEGOD;wnf;cdk&dyfom&Sd rdrdwdkY iSm;&rf;xm;aom wnf;cdkcef;xJokdY Nyefa&mufvmaomtcg ydkifpkusifonf
ckwifxufwGif vJavsmif;&if; &SD;[keftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;aerdonf/
csif;csif;u awG;awmpOf;pm;aeaom ydkifpkusifudk rNyKH;wNyKH; trlt&mESifh vSrf;Munfhum ...
]]uRefr wpfckpOf;pm;rdw,f rrav;}}
csif;csif;\ pum;aMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm tawG;NywfoGm;um csif;csif;udk vSrf;Munfh\/
csif;csif;u qufvufí ...
]]tpfudk &SD;[kefae&mrSmom tpfukdav; [kd,kqefNzpfae&if odyfaumif;rSmyJaemf? 'Dae&mrsKd;rSm
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf oGm;vmvnfywfNyD; tawmfhudk aysmfp&maumif;vdrfhr,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ rsufESmxm; &kwfNcnf;wif;rmoGm;onf/
]]wdwpf rf; csif;csif; ... tpfuadk v; [k, d q k eftaMumif; raNymygeJYvYdk qw kd m bmNzpfvYkd pum;pvm&NyefwmvJ}}
ydkifpkusifu cyfaigufaiguf aNymvdkufoNzifh i,faMumufNzpfaom csif;csif;rSm NidrfukyfoGm;onf/
]]rrav;&,f ... rrav; pdwfqkd;r,fqdk&ifvnf; uRefrcH&rSmyJ? tpfukdav;[kd,kqef[m &dk;twmuvGJvdkY
bmrStNypfr&Sdygbl;? rrav;u bmaMumifh olYemrnfudkawmif rMum;csifavmufatmif Nzpfae&wmvJ ... [if}}
twefMum NidrfaeNyD;aemuf csif;csif;u rsufESmi,fav;Nzifh r&Jw&J aNymonf/
'D v d k t rl t &mav;ud k awG Y N rif N yef a wmh v nf ; yd k i f p k u sif r S m apmapmu rsuf E S m xm;wif ; wif ; ES i f h
aigufirf;cJhrdonfudk pdwfraumif;NzpfoGm;&onf/
]]eif a Nymovd k a wmh r[k w f y gbl ; ? tpf u k d a v; [k d , k q ef e J Y igeJ Y u i,f i ,f a v;uwnf ; u
wpfa,muftaMumif; wpfa,mufodvmMuwmyg? olYudk ig cifrifygw,f? 'gayr,fh tpfudkt&if;wpfa,mufvdkyJ
cspfw,f? qef;Nym;wJhpdwfrsKd;awmh xm;vkdYr&bll;? tckvdk taNctaersKd;rSmawmh olYtaMumif;udk pOf;vnf;
rpOf;pm;csifbl;? Mum;vnf; rMum;csifbl;}}
14
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]ocifMuD;udkaum rvGrf;rdbl;vm; rrav;}}
csif;csif;u ar;vdkufNyefonf/
ydkifpkusif\ rsufESmav; nSKd;usoGm;onf/ rsuf0ef;rsm;wGifvnf; rsuf&nfrsm; vnfvmonf/
]]vGrf;wmaygh csif;csif;&,f}}
ydkifpkusifu avoHwdk;wkd;Nzifh taNzay;NyD; oufNyif;armudk rSKwfxkwfvdkufonf/
]]'gNzif&h if uRefrwdYk tdru
f kd NyefMu&atmifvm;? tckavmufq&kd if ocifMuD;vnf; pdwq f ;kd aNyavmufa&maygh}}
]][m ... 'gawmh rNzpfEdkifbl;? qkH;NzwfNyD; xGufvmcJhwm? aemufaMumif;udk NyefrvSnfhcsifawmhbl;? NyD;awmh
azazu ...}}
ydik pf u
k sio
f nf zcifMuD;ESihf ywfoufí Nzpfysucf &hJ onfrsm;udk NyefraNymvdak omaMumifh pum;wpfyidk ;f wpfpESihf
&yfvdkufonf/
]]rrav;u w,fpdwfMuD;wmudk;? cufwmygyJ}}
csif;csif;u cyfnnf;nnf;av; aNymonf/
]]ig tdrfudkNyefoGm;awmhaum bmxl;rSmvJ? azazhrSm ighxufydkNyD; cspf&r,fhvl? ighxufydkNyD; *&kpdkuf&r,fhvl
&SdaeNyDyJuG,f}}
ydkifpkusifonf rdrdudk,frdrd aNymovdk cyfwkd;wkd; a&&GwfaNymqdkae&mrS csif;csif;buf vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]eif tdrfNyefcsif&if Nyefav? igrwm;ygbl;}}
]][m ... rrav;uvJ? uRerf u rrav;tem;rSm tNrJvu kd af erSmyg? rrav;wpfa,mufwnf; tawGUtMuKHr&S?d
todtuRrf; rodbJ odkif;avmurSm rsufESmi,fNyD; 'ku©awGUrSmpkd;vdkY aNymrdwmyg? uRefrudk wvGJrxifygeJY}}
]]at; ... 'Dvdkqdk&if ighudk uwdwpfckay;}}
]]bmvJ ... rrav;udk cspf&if tdrftaMumif; raNym&bl;qdkwJh uwdvm;}}
tuif;yg;aom csif;csif;u ydkifpkusif vdkcsifaom uwdudk MudKwifaNymvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f? tdrftaMumif; bmrSrMum;csifbl;}}
ydkifpkusifrSm aNym&if; idkoHygvmonf/ rsuf0ef;rsm;wGif rsuf&nfrsm;vnf; &pf0Jvmonf/
]]rrav; rMudKufwmudk aemufraNymawmhygbl;? uRefrwdkY 'DrSmyJ qufaeOD;rvm;? c&D;qufxGufMurvm;}}
ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGif NynfhodyfcHpm;ae&onfh aMuuGJ0rf;enf;pdwfrsm; oufomoGm;ap&ef &nf&G,fí
csif;csif;u pum;vrf;aMumif; aNymif;onf/
]]a[m'D [efMuLNrdKUrSm igwdkY c&D;wpfaxmuf em;aeMuwm tawmfMumaeNyDyJ? reufNzefyJ c&D;qufMur,f?
igwdkY 'DNrdKUuaexGufroGm;cif tpfudk&SD;[kefudkawmh oGm;NyD; ESKwfquf&OD;r,f}}
]][kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifrSm q&mrMuD; 0lpif &SdaeygapvdkY qkawmif;&rSmyJ? wu,fvdkY
r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if tcufyJ}}
]]&Sdygw,f csif;csif;&,f? MuD;MuD;0lpifu [kdifeefuRef;uaeNyD; c&D;a0;oGm;avh r&Sdygbl;? igawmh
MuD;MuD;0lpifeJYyJ wpfoufvkH;aeoGm;awmhr,f}}
MuD;MuD;0lpif [laom trnfudk ESKwfrSxkwfazmfaNymrdaomtcg pdwfxdckduf 0rf;enf;aeonfh ydkifpkusifrSm
tm;opftifopfawG wdk;yGm;vmovdkvdk cHpm;&onf/
xdkacwfumvu odkif;avmuwGif e*g;u0dckepfql [k emrnfausmfMum;aeaom okdif;ynm&SifMuD;
ckepfa,muf&Sdonf/
[kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifrS odkif;q&mrMuD; 0lpifonf e*g;u0dckepfqlwGif wpfa,muftygt0if
Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusif\ zcif ydkifusifvkHESifh 0lpifwkdYonf armifESrt&if;tcsmozG,f txl;yif cifrifMuonf/
0lpifu ydkifusifvkHudk orD;wpfa,mufvdk cspfonf/ ydkifpkusifuvnf; 0lpiftay: rdcifwpfa,mufyrm
oHa,mZOf wG,fonf/
ydkifpkusifonf rdwqdk; orD;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/
i,fpOfuyif rdcifqkH;yg;oGm;cJhonf/
15
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifusifvkHonf ZeD;onf uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf tdrfaxmifopf xlaxmifNcif;rNyKbJ wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;
ydkifpkusiftay:wGifom zcifvkd wpfrsKd; rdcifvdkwpfoG,f NyKpkapmifha&SmufcJhonf/
ydkifpkusifuvnf; zcifudk tvGefyifcspfonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf xufNrufonfhtNyif ypönf;Opömvnf; ukHvkHMuG,f0onf/ ZeD;onf
aoqkH;oGm;csdefwGif t&G,faumif; tcgaumif; taNctaewGif &SdaecJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh ydkifusifvkHESifh vufqufvdkol trsKd;orD;taNrmuftNrm;yif &SdcJhonf/ okdY&mwGif ydkifusifvkHonf
aemuftdrfaxmif xlaxmif&ef pdwfrul;cJhay/
zatwpfck orD;wpfcq k o kd vdk ydik u f siv f EHk iS hf ydik pf u
k siw
f Ykd om;tzonf cspcf ifaysm&f iT pf mG aexdik v f mcJMh uonf/
ydkifpkusif toufq,fh&SpfESpft&G,fodkY a&mufaomtcgwGifrl olwdkY om;tz\ b0vrf;aMumif;rSm wpfrsKd;wpfzkH
aNymif;vJp&m taMumif;zefvmcJhonf/
þodkY aNymif;vJapcJholrSm usm;NzLr,f usKda0vefyif Nzpfonf/
usKda0vefonf cifyeG ;f onf uG,v f eG o f mG ;NyD; om;wpfa,muf ESihf usef&pfco hJ l rkq;kd rNzpfonf/ usKda0vef\
om; [kd,kqefonf ydkifpkusifxuf ESpfESpfcefYMuD;onf/ xkdYNyif [kd,kqefonf ydkifusifvkHxHwGif wynfhcHum
odkif;ynmrsm; oif,laecJh&m ydkifusifvkH\ tm;xm;&aom vuf&kH;wynfhwpfa,muf Nzpfaeonf/
ZeD;onf qk;H yg;oGm;aom ydik u f siv f EHk iS hf cifyeG ;f onf qk;H yg;oGm;aom usKad 0vefwYdkonf b0wlrsm; NzpfMuonft h wdik ;f
wpfOD;tay: wpfOD; pmemum tNyeftvSef tultnDrsm; ay;cJhMuonf/
þokdYNzifh ydkifpkusifwkdY rdom;pkESifh usKda0vefwdkY rdom;pkonf txl;yif &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifvmcJhMuonf/
&if;ESD;rSK onfoHa,mZOf\ tp[kqdkEdkifonf/
&if;ESD;uRrf;0if&mrS ydkifusifvkHonf usKda0veftay:wGif oHa,mZOfwG,fvmonf/ rdom;pkESpfpk
aygif;pnfapvdkvmonf/
xdkYaMumifh ydkifusifvkHu yxrtqifhtaeNzifh [kd,kqefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY ESpfa,mufudk vufxyfay;&ef
pDpOfavonf/
[k, d qk efonf ydik uf sifv\ Hk vuf&;Hk wynfNh zpfaomaMumifh ydik pf u k sifEiS v
hf nf; cifrifonf/ ydik pf u k siftaeNzifh
[kd,kqeftay: cifrifonfhpdwf&Sdaomfvnf; tpfudkwpfa,mufvdkom cspfcifonf/ qef;Nym;aom pdwfxm;rsKd;r&Sday/
xdkYaMumifh zcifNzpfol\ pDpOfrSKudk Niif;qdkawmhonf/
xdkokdY&Sdae&mrS ydkifusifvkHonf usm;NzLr,f usKda0vefudk vufxyf,l&ef MuH&G,fxm;aMumif; ydkifpkusif
od&Nyefonf/ wpfylay: ESpfylqifhqdkovdk ydkifpkusiftzdkY ydkí pdwfxdckdufp&m NzpfcJh&onf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif rdrd\ om,maysmf&TifzG,faumif;aom b0vrf;uav; tarSmifxk MuD;pkd;vmovdk
cHpm;&onf/
rdrdzcifonf rdrdtay: tcspfavsmhenf;oGm;avNyD[lí awG;awmum pdwfraumif;Nzpf&onf/
xdkYNyif usKda0veftay:wGifvnf; rkef;wD;vmonf/
usKda0vefESifh vufxyfrnfhudpöudk vkH;0oabmrwlEdkifaMumif; ydkifpkusifu aNymqdkuefYuGuf&mrS
om;tzESpfa,muf pum;rsm;Mu&onf/
ydkifpkusifonf zcif\ tvdkvdkufrSKudkcH&aom orD;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ ,cifuqdkvQif ydkifusifvkHonf
orD;Nzpfol pdwfwdkif;us t&m&mudk vdkufavsm vkyfaqmifay;NrJ Nzpfonf/
,ckrl zcifu rdrEd iS hf qefYusiaf Nymqdv k monft h wGuf ydik pf u k sirf mS ydí
k 0rf;enf;vmonf/ ydí k aMuuGv J monf/
ydkípdwfxdckdufvmonf/ usKda0veftay:wGifvnf; ydkí trkef;yGm;vmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusifu usKda0vefonf rdrdwdkY\ twGif;ypönf;Opömrsm;udk vdkcsifrufarmaomaMumifh ydkifusifvkHudk
vufxyf&ef &nf&G,fNcif;NzpfNyD; xdktMuHatmifNrif&eftwGuf [dk,kqefudkvnf; e*g;NzLa*[mwGif okdif;ynm
oifMum;apcJhNcif;NzpfaMumif; poNzifh ememMunf;Munf;yif pGyfpGJaNymqdkonf/
pdwfxdcdkufrSK? emMunf;rkef;wD;rSKaMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm pdwfudkrxdef;EdkifawmhyJ raNymoifh raNymxdkufonfh pum;rsm;udk
vGefvGefuJuJ aNymrdonf/

16
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pum;taNymtqdk vGefusL;vmonfhtwGuf ydkifusifvkHu orD;Nzpfoludk atmfaiguf[efYwm;&kHru
&dkufESufíyif qkH;rcJhonf/
rdrdtay: wpfoufvkH; zl;zl;rSKwfum tvkdvdkufcJhaom pum;udkyif rmrmraNymcJhaom zcifNzpfolu
atmfaigufonfhtNyif &dkufESufonftxd NyKrlvmonhftwGuf ydkifpkusifrSm ,lMuKH;r&Nzpfum tvGefyif
pdwfxdckdufaMuuGJ&\/
usKda0vefudk taMumif;NyKí zcifNzpfolu rdrdtay: tcspfavsmhum trkef;yGm;vmavNyD [lívnf;
rdcifarwåm iwfcJh&aom ydkifpkusif\ Eke,fonfh ESvkH;om;av;xJwGif rSwfxifoGm;rdonf/
þuJo h Ydk aom 0rf;enf;pdw?f emMunf;pdw?f ,lMuKH;r&aMuuGpJ w d w
f Ydk aMumifh ydik pf u
k sifonf &Ha&Gazmf rde;f uav;
csif;csif;udk tazmfNyKum [kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifrS okdif;q&mrMuD; 0lpifESifhtwl oGm;a&mufaexdkif&ef
xGufcGmvmcJhNcif; Nzpfayonf/
ydkifpkusifonf zcifudk tvGefcspfonf/ Nzpfcsifovdk rNzpf&bJ rNzpfcsifwmawG Nzpf&onfh avmuwHxGm?
"r®wmt& aetdrfrS pdwfvdkufrmefyg xGufcGmvmcJh&aomfvnf; tcsdefESifhtrQyif zcifudk owd& vGrf;qGwfaerdonf/
wu,fawmh rdbwdkY\ t&dyftm0goonf om;orD;rsm;twGuf tvGefat;Nronfh em;ckd&m Nzpfonf/
csrf;aNrYaysmf&TifrSK udkNzpfaponf/ at;csrf;vkHNcKHrSKudk ay;avonf/
rd b wd k Y \ t&d y f t m0goud k ausmck d i f ; um xG u f c G m vmcJ h a om om;orD ; rsm;onf at;Nraom
opfyif&yd af tmufrS aeylxo J Ydk xGuv f monft h cg ylNyif;aom ae&Sed 'f Pfukd cH&bdouJo h Ydk b0\ txktaxmif;rsm;udk
cg;pnf;um &ifqdkifMu&rnf rvGJay/
rdrdbmom aetdrfrS xGufvmcJhaom ydkifpkusif\ b0vrf;wGifvnf; tauGUtaumuf tzktxpfrsm;ESifh
awGUMuKHcJh&ayonf/ tcuftcJrsm;udk &ifqdkifcJh&ayonf/
xdkaeYnwGif ydkifpkusif aumif;aumif;rtdyfaysmfay/
csif ; csif ; u tpazmf a y;ovd k Nzpf a omaMumif h td r f t aMumif ; ud k yd k o wd & rd o nf / zcif u d k v nf ;
ykdívGrf;qGwfrdonf/
aumif;pGm tdyfraysmfEdkifbJ tdyf&mxufwGif wvl;vl;wvdrfhvdrfh Nzpfae&Smonf/
oufNyif;vnf; tcgcg csaerdonf/
td y f a ysmf a eaom csif ; csif ; onf wpf a &;Ed k ; vmaomtcg wvl ; vl ; wvd r f h v d r f h N zpf a eoH E S i f h
oufNyif;csaeoHwdkYaMumifh ydkifpkusif tdyfraysmfao;aMumif; odvdkuf&onf/
]]rrav; ... tdyfraysmfao;bl;vm;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk vSrf;ar;onf/
]]b,fvdkvkyf tdyfaysmfEdkifrSmvJ csif;csif;&,f}}
ydkifpkusifu NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]bmawGrsm; pOf;pm;aevdkYvJ rrav;&JU}}
ydik pf u
k sifonf &ifxw J iG f wif;usyfpmG armaeaom aomuudk aNyvdak NyNim; oufNyif;&SnMf uD; csvdu k rf o
d nf/
]]aMomf ... tdrftaMumif; awG;aerdwmyg? tcktcsdefrSm ararom &Sdae&if igwdkYtaeeJY tdrfuxGufvmp&m
taMumif;&SdrSm r[kwfbl;aemf}}
csif;csif;rSmvnf; ydkifpkusif rnfodkY cHpm;ae&onfudk em;vnfonfhtwGuf ydkifpkusifenf;wlyif &ifxJwGif
wif;usyfvmum oufNyif;wpfcsuf csvkdufNyD; ...
]]aMomf ... rrav;&,f? ocifrMuD;om &Sdae&ifawmh bmrsm;aNymp&mvdkovJ? twdkif;xuftvGef
wHcGefeJYukuúm;aygh}}
]]at;av ... tckawmhvnf; igwdkYrSm bmrsm;wwfEdkifrSmvJ? NzpfcsifwmrNzpf& rNzpfcsifwmNzpf&qdkwJh
avmu"HudkyJ ,dk;r,fzGJY&awmhr,f xifyg&JU? uJ ... csif;csif; NyeftdyfvdkufOD;? reufNzef c&D;qufMu&r,f r[kwfvm;}}
csif;csif;onf bmrSraNymawmhyJ NyeftdyfaysmfoGm;avonf/
ydkifpkusifrSmrl awmfawmfESifh tdyfr&ay/ b0wpfyg;okdY aNymif;oGm;NyDNzpfaom rdcifMuD;udk wrf;wrSef;q&if;
vGrf;rsuf&nfrsm; usaerdonf/
17
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
t&kPfwufvkvk tcsdefwGifrS ydkifpkusifonf arS;ceJ tdyfaysmfoGm;avawmh\/
t&kPfwufvkeD;rS tdyfaysmfoGm;cJhaom ydkifpkusifrSm rdk;vif;onfhtcsdefwGif tdyf&mrS rEdk;ao;ay/
csif;csif;onf ESpfNcKdufpGm tdyfarmusaeaom ydkifpkusifudk rESKd;csifaomfvnf; c&D;quf&rnfh ta&;
&SdaeaomaMumifh rwwfombJ ESKd;vdkuf&onf/
]]rrav; ... xawmhav? rdk;vif;aeNyD? uRefrwdkY c&D;qufMu&OD;r,f r[kwfvm;}}
tdyfarmusaeaom ydkifpkusifrSm xdktcgwGifrS Edk;vm&onf/
]]aMomf ... tif; ... tif; ... [kwyf g&JU? rd;k vif;cgeD;rS tdyaf ysmfomG ;vdYk rd;k vif;wmawmif rEd;k Edik yf J Nzpfae&w,f?
eifESKd;ayvdkYaygh}}
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf t0wftpm;rsm; vJvS,fum ypönf;rsm;udk xkyfydk;vsuf aEGOD;wnf;cdk&dyfomrS
xGufvmcJhonf/
c&D;rqufrDS &SD;[kefudk ESKwfqufEdkif&eftwGuf u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;odkY vmcJhMuonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY ESpfa,muf u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;odkY vmcJhMuonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif wpfrsKd;MuD; cHpm;ae&onf/
vGrf;oa,mifa,mif Nzpfaomfvnf; vGrf;Ncif;um; r[kwf/
aqG;ovdkvdkxif&aomfvnf; aqG;rdNcif; rqdkEdkif/
[efMuLNrdKUrS xGufcGmoGm;&rnfudkyif aemufqHwif;ovdkvdk pdwfxJwGif cHpm;ae&onf/
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh ,ckvdk cHpm;aeonf qdkNcif;udkum; ydkifpkusifrSm pOf;pm;taNz&Smí r&EdkifcJhay/
xdkYaMumifh u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;odkYvmcJhonfh vrf;wpfavQmufwGif ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udkyif
pum;raNymEdkifbJ ESKwfqdwfum rdrd\tawG;ESifhrdrd NidrfoufpGm avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/
u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;wGif bk&m;zl;rsm;Nzifh pnfpnfum;um; &SdaeMuonf/
ydkifpkusifwdkYonf bk&m;0wfNyKNyD;aemuf &SD;[kefaexdkif&m Z&yfodkYvmcJhMuonf/
&SD;[kefonf Z&yfa&SUbufwGif wpfa,mufwnf; xdkifvsuf&Sdae&mrS ydkifpkusifwdkY vmaeonfudk
Nrif&aomtcg xdkif&mrSckefxNyD; 0rf;omtm;&yif qD;MuKdESKwfqufonf/
]][m ... nDrwdkYygvm;}}
tm;&0rf;om ESKwfqufvdkuf&mrS ydkifpkusifwdkYESpfa,muf c&D;oGm;awmhrnf toGifrsKd; &Sdaeonfudk
awGU&aomtcg &SD;[kef\ rsufESm nSdK;i,foGm;onf/
]]aMomf ... c&D;qufMuawmhrvdkYudk;}}
&SD;[kef\ pum;rsm;u toufrygovdk Nzpfaeonf/
apmapmu tm;&0rf;om ESKwfqufvdkufrSKESifhawmh qefYusifbuf/
rd r d w d k Y c&D ; quf a wmh r nf h taMumif ; od o G m ;onf h t wG u f &S D ; [k e f \ pd w f x J w G i f t m;avsmh u m
xdcdkufoGm;onf[k ydkifpkusifawG;rdNyD; tawmfyif pdwfraumif; Nzpfrdonf/
yd k i f p k u sif r S m &k w f w &uf pum;rqd k E d k i f b J cyf i d k i f i d k i f N zpf a e&m ES K wf o G u f a om csif ; csif ; uom
pum;NyefaNymqdkvdkuf&onf/
]][kwfw,f ... 'gaMumifh tpfudkYudk vmESKwfqufwm? tpfudkYudk ESKwfqufNyD;wmeJY uRefrwdkY
c&D;qufMuawmhr,fav}}
&S;D [ke\ f rsufEmS ydí k i,fomG ;onf/ ydik pf u
k sifuv kd nf; tm;avsmhonfh tMunfNh zifh wpfcsufvrS ;f Munfo h nf/
olYtMunfh rsufvkH;rsm;u wpfpkHwpf&mudk pGefYvTwfqkH;&SKH;vdkuf&ovdk rdSefrSdefzszs/
]]aMomf ... ol awmfawmfav; pdwfxdckduftm;i,foGm;&Smw,f xifyg&JU? tdk ... igeJY bmqdkifwmrSwfvdkY}}
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif &SD;[kefbufokdY omomxdk;xdk;av; pmemawG;vdkuf udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; Nyefí
owday;vdkufESifh Nzpfae&onf/
&SD;[kefu tm;,lNyKH;&onfh tNyKH;rsKd; NyKH;NyvdkufNyD; ...
]]tif;ayghav ... tcsdew f efawmhvnf; ud, k vhf rf;ud, k o
f mG ;&rSmyJu;kd ? 'gayr,fh wdYk uawmh nDrwdYk &UJ aus;Zl;udk
b,fawmhrS rarhbl;qdkwm ,kHyg}}
18
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&S;D [keo f nf wu,fyif pdwyf suftm;avsmhomG ;&onf/ olonf ydik pf u k sifEiS hf ydrk &kd if;ES;D vmatmif vkyaf qmifzYkd
tMuHMuD; MuHxm;NyD;Nzpfonf/ ,ck ydkifpkusifwdkY c&D;qufMuawmhrnfqkdonfh twGuf olYtMuHMuD; MuHxm;orQonf
oJxJa&oGefovdk NzpfoGm;&avNyD/
]]aus;Zl;awG bmawG tMuD;tus,f wifaep&m rvdkygbl;? uRefrwdkYuvnf; ulnDcGifh&vdkY ulnDcJhw,fvdkYyJ
oabmxm;ygw,f? tpfudkYae&mrSm wNcm;vlwpfa,muf Nzpfae&ifvnf; uRefrwkdYu vufydkufMunfhaerSm
r[kwfygbl;? 'geJY bb&Sefwpfa,mufaum rNrifygvm;}}
]]bb&Sef NrdKYbufudk cPoGm;aew,f}}
]][kwfvm; ... 'gqdk&if uRefrwdkY ESKwfqufoGm;w,fvdkY aNymvdkufygaemf}}
]]aumif;ygNyD ... aNymvdkufyghr,f? nDrwdkYu b,fudkoGm;MurvJ? 'Dvdkar;vdkY &dkif;w,frxifygeJYaemf?
ud,k ahf us;Zl;&Siu f kd aus;Zl;qyfciG rhf &vdYk wdYk pdwrf aumif;bl;? tcgtcGio
hf ifwh ahJ eY aus;Zl;NyefqyfEikd af tmif ar;&wmyg}}
&S;D [ke\ f toHrmS rodromwke, f ifaeonf/ pum;tqk;H wGif oufNyif;armudk odoo d momyif csvdu k o f nf/
csif;csif;u &SD;[kef\ pum;udk csufcsif; taNzray;aobJ ydkifpkusifudk cGifhawmif;ovdk vSrf;íMunfhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kef\ tar;udk olrukd,fwkdifyif NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]uRefrwdkY uGrfwkef;Nynfe,fbufudk c&D;qufMurvdkYyg}}
ydkifpkusifwdkYESifh NyefvnfqkHpnf;Edkifonfh vrf;p &vdkufonfhtwGuf &SD;[kefrSm Nyefvnftm;wufvmonf/
rsufESmtrlt,mudkum; csKyfwnf;xm;\/
]]tckvdk od&wm aus;Zl;wifygw,f nDr&,f? wdkYudk ulnDay;cJhwJh nDrwdkY&JU aus;Zl;udk wpfaeYr[kwf
wpfaeY NyefqyfEdkifygapvdkY wkdY qkawmif;ygw,f}}
&SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifudk pl;pdkufMunfhum aNymonf/
&SD;[kef\ taNymESifh &SD;[kef\ tMunfhwkdYu ydkifpkusif\ Eke,faom ESvkH;om;udk wodrfhodrfh
vSKyf&Sm;oGm;aponf/
pd w f v S K yf & S m ;rS K t&d y f t oG i f r sm; ay:vG i f r vmap&ef yd k i f p k u sif o nf renf ; yif Mud K ;pm;um
£a`E´aqmifae&avonf/
yd k i f p k u sif o nf trl t &mrysuf a tmif Mud K ;pm;um xd e f ; od r f ; &if ; &S D ; [k e f u d k rod r om
rsufvkH;a0hMunfhvdkufrdonf/
&SD;[kef\ tMunfhESifh tMunfhcsif;qkHrdaomaMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm &ifzdkarm[dkufoGm;&Nyefonf/
&ifxJwGifvnf; yDwdvSKdif;uav;rsm; wvdyfvdyf xoGm;onf/
aoG;ckefESKef;aMumifh wpfukd,fvkH; aEG;axG;oGm;onf/ xdkokdYaEG;axG;oGm;&mrS at;ceJ cHpm;&NyD; a0,HtNrifhodkY
aNrmufwufoGm;ouJhodkY cHpm;vdkuf&Nyefonf/
rNyKH;om r&,fom &ifrSmzdkodyfarm&onfh aomuaNc&mwdkYonf vnf;aumif;? r&kef;omrz,fom tMuifem
,dkzdwfaom armyrf;EGrf;vsrSKwdkYonf vnf;aumif; ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGif vSKyf&Sm;cHpm;ae&onf/
ydkifpkusifonf &ifxJrS cHpm;&csufwdkYudk rsufESmwGif ray:vGifatmif MudK;pm;xdef;odrf;onfh taeNzifh
rsufvTmav;udk csum pum;r&Sd pum;&Smí aNymvdkufrdonf/
]]tpfukd usef;rmatmif aeygaemf? uRefrwkdY oGm;awmhr,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ pum;oHrSm &SD;[kef Mum;Edkif&kHavmufom wdk;nSif;vSonf/
&SD;[kefu ESKwfrSraNymbJ acgif;udkom ndwfNyonf/ ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udk tomqGJac:um Z&yfxJrS
xGufvmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf rdrd\pdwfudk rdrdtHhMoaerdonf/
,ckuJhokdY ESvkH;om;udk vSKyf&Sm;atmif vTrf;rdk;zefwD;Edkifonfh a,mufsm;rsKd;udk ydkifpkusif rawGYzl;ao;ay/
olronf trdrJhorD;wpfa,muf NzpfaomaMumifh zcifydkifusifvkHudk cspftm;ydkcJhonf/ tvGefyif oHa,mZOf
wG,fcJhonf/
zcifxHwGif odkif;ynm oifMum;aeol [kd,kqefESifh i,fpOfuyif cifrif&if;ESD;cJhonf/
oHa,mZOfqkdonfrSm wG,fwmNcif;[k qdkaomfvnf; [dk,kqeftay:wGif &dk;om;oefYpifpGm cifrifcJhonf/
19
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y \ e*g;NzLa*[mwG i f od k i f ; ynmoif a,muf s m;av;rsm; trsm;tNym;&S d o nf /
xdka,mufsm;av;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;cifrifpGm aexdkifcJhaomfvnf; yuwd &dk;om;NzLpifaom pdwfNzifhom cifrifcJhonf/
,ck &SD;[kefudk awGY&onfrSm bmrQrMumNrifhao;/ &ufydkif;rQom &Sdao;ovdk tMudrftenf;i,fom
MuKHqkHzl;ao;aomfvnf; owd&Ncif;? wrf;wNcif; ponfhcHpm;rSK rsKd;udk ydkifpkusif cHpm;wwfaeayNyD/
rdrdwdkY c&D;qufxGufcGmoGm;í wpfa,mufwnf; usefaecJhaom &SD;[kefudk odkif;orm;qdk;rsm;u
vma&mufwdkufcdkuf&efNyKrnfhta&; awG;rdNyefaomtcg ydkifpkusifrSm aemufqHwif;ae&Nyefavonf/
ydik pf uk sifonf tdraf xmifa&; aomurkew f ikd ;f udk a&Smif&mS ;um rdrb
d mom at;at;csrf;csrf; aevdak omaMumifh
tdrfrSxGufcGmvmcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
,ckrl rylcsifvdkY ta0;wdrf;aewmawmif rD;yGm;av;rsm;u pifNzpfatmif pifvkdufMuao;onf/
&SD;[kef\ &nfrGefaom aNympum;rsm;udk em;xJwGif Mum;a,mifaeonf/ &SD;[kef\ cHhnm;acsmarmaom
&kyfoGifu pdwftm&kHwGif xif[yfaeonf/
c&D;qufum a&SYodkY aNcvSrf;ae&aomfvnf; pdwfuawmh aemufodkY Nyefa&GYcsifaeonf/
tNcm;aom a,mufsm;wdkY\ tcspfudk acgif;cgvspfvsL&SKEdkifcJhaom ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kefudkawmh arhazsmufypfí
r&Edkifatmif Nzpfaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ Eke,faom ESvkH;om;udk &SD;[kefu pkd;rdk;í xm;avNyD/
tcspfqkdwm 'grsm;vm;[laom tawG;udkyif ydkifpkusif r&Jw&Jav; awG;vmrdonf/
wu,fwrf; aNym&vQif ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[keftaMumif;udk bmrQrodao;ay/ vlaumif;vm;? vlqdk;vm;
qdkonfudkyif cGJNcm;rodEkdifao;ay/
odkYaomf ...
rdef;rysKdav;rsm;\ pdwfxm;um; qef;Mu,fvSonf/
olwdkYonf omrefvlrsm;tay: oHo,pdwfrsm; rsm;wwfaomfvnf; olwdkYcspfcifESpfoufoludkrl
,Ofaus;odrfarGYol? rGef&nfum pdwfxm;NrifhNrwfol? tMuifemw&m; Nynfh0ol[lí ,kHrSwfwwfMuonf/
xdkolaNymorQudkvnf; tMuGif;rJhyif vufcH,kHMunfwwfMuonf/
ydkifpkusifrSmvnf; &SD;[keftay: NrwfEdk;cifrif ESpfoufaeNyD NzpfaomaMumifh &SD;[kefaNymorQudk
oHo,vkH;0r&SdbJ t,HkMuD;,kHrdaeygNyD/
&SD;[kef\ aNymykHqkdykHuvnf; ydkifpkusiftzdkY oHo,uif;p&m NzpfaeNyefonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif &SD;[kefonf tvGef&kd;om;ol? pdwfxm;NrifhNrwfol? odkif;orm;qdk;rsm;\ &efNyKrSK
tEå&m,fudk &ifqdkifae&ol? tultnDvdktyfaeol tNzpfom xifrSwfae&Smonf/
pl;prf;qifNcifNcif;rNyKbJ rdrdpdwfxJwGif xifrSwfaerSKudk trSeftNzpf ,kHrSwfxm;rSKonf raumif;aom
tusKd;qufrsm;udk Nzpfay:wwfayonf/
zsHMuD;&SD;[keftay: t,kHMuD;,kHaeavaom ydkifpkusif\ b0vrf;c&D;um; rnfokdYzefwD;vmavrnfenf;/

20
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (4)
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdYk ESpfa,mufonf uGrfwkef;Nynfe,fbufodkY a&S;&SKumc&D;qufMuonf/
vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufwGif awGYNrif&aom pdrf;vef;pdkNynfonfh a&aNrawmawmif obm0&SKcif;rsm;onf
ydkifpkusif\ vGrf;oa,mif aqG;ovdk vSKyf&Sm;aeaom pdwfudk tenf;i,f aNyNidrf;aponf/
vSyaom obm0ywf0ef;usifu ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY\ pdwfudk vef;qef;vmapcJhonf/
urÇmausmf w&kwfpma&;q&mMuD; vif,kwef aNymMum;cJhaom "pmayonf pm;yGJckHay:&Sd &SKarQmfcif;Nzpf?
&SKarQmfcif;um; obm0avmuay:&Sd pmayNzpfavonf" [laom pmydk'fudk ydkifpkusif owd&rdonf/
c&D;ESifvmcJhMuaom ydkifpkusifwdkYonf usef;MudK;NrdKUodkY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
wnf;ckcd ef;iSm;um ypön;f rsm;udk xm;cJMh uNyD; use;f MudK;NrdKU\ &SKcif;udk vSnv
hf nfMunf&h KS &ef xGuv
f mMuonf/
usef;MudK;NrdKUwGif;rS Nzwfum pD;qif;aeonfh avmfyefNrpf\ tvSu wpfrsKd;yif wifharmaponf/
ydkifpkusifwdkY vSnfhvnfMunfh&SKaeqJrSmyif aumif;uifwGif rdk;om;wdrfwdkufrsm; tkHYqdkif;í vmonf/
rdk;eHYygaom avNynfavnif;uvnf; wokefokef wdkufcwfí aeonf/
]]*sdrf; ... 'vdef;}}
us,favmifaom rdk;Ncdrf;oHu &kwfw&uf ay:aygufvmonf/
csif;csif;onf aNcvSrf;wpfcsuf wkHYoGm;um yckH;av;wGefYNyD; ydkifpkusifudk vSrf;Munfhonf/ rdk;Ncdrf;oHudk
xdwfvefYaomfvnf; ydkifpkusifNrifrSm pdk;onfhtwGuf aMumuf&GHU[efrNy&J/
]]rdk;&Gmawmhr,feJY wlw,f? igwkdYuvnf; rdk;eJYcsnf; wdk;aerdawmhwmyJ}}
ydkifpkusifu tkHYrSKdif;aeaom rdk;aumif;uifudk armhMunfhNyD; aNymvdkufav\/
]]rdk;u tawmfonf;r,hfykHyJ rrav;? b,fvdkvkyf MurvJ}}
csif;csif;u rsufvkH;av; uv,fuv,fESifh aNymonf/
"m;orm; av;a,mufukd owdåtNynfhESifh &ifqdkiftEdkif,lcJhaom csif;csif;onf rdk;Ncdrf;oHESifhrdk;udkawmh
vefYaeao;onf/
21
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]avSiSm;NyD; oGm;&if aumif;vdrfhr,f? avmavmq,f rdk;cdkp&m&r,fhtNyif avmyefNrpfxJudkvnf;
avQmufMunfhNyD;om; NzpfoGm;r,f}}
ydkifpkusifu rdrdpOf;pm;rdaom tMuHudk xkwfaNymonf/
]]rrav; tMuHodyfaumif;w,f}}
]]vm ... avSqdyfudk tNrefoGm;MupdkY? rdk;u&Gmawmhr,f}}
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY ESpfa,mufonf avSqdyfodkY cyfokwfokwf aNy;oGm;Muonf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf avSqdyfudk a&muf&SdoGm;csdefwGif rdk;u pwif&Gmcsonf/ avSqdyfwGifvnf; avSrsm;rSm
toD;oD; xGufcGmoGm;ukefMuNyD Nzpf&m aemufqkH;Nzpfaom avSonfyif urf;pyfrS cGmpNyKaeayNyD/
]]avSq&mMuD; ... avSq&mMuD; urf;udkNyefuyfygOD;? uRefrwdkYvnf; vdkufcsifvdkYyg}}
csif;csif;u toHus,fus,fESifh vSrf;atmfonf/
]]usKyfavSudk q&mav;wpfa,mufu iSm;xm;NyD;ygNyD? rdef;uav;wdkY wNcm;avSudk apmifhMunfhMuygOD;}}
avSorm;MuD;u avSudkavSmfcwfae&if;rS NyefatmfaNymonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY tawmfyif pdwfysufoGm;onf/ rdk;uvnf; tawmfonf;vmNyDNzpf&m
onftwdkif;qdkvQif olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm rdk;a&xJwGif tpkdcH&awmhrnfh taNctaersKd; Nzpfaeonf/
]]avSqdyfrSm wNcm;avSawGvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;? &SifhavSu iSm;xm;NyD;om; Nzpfae&ifvnf; uRefrwdkYyg
twlwlvdkufpD;yg&ap? avScudk ydkay;yghr,f&Sif}}
csif;csif;u avSorm;udk vSrf;aNymqdkaecsdefwGif avSaygif;rdk;atmufrS vl&G,fwpfa,mufonf qDpdrfpuúLNzifh
NyKvkyfxm;onfh xD;wpfvufudk aqmif;um aygif;rdk;tNyifokdY xGufvmonf/
xdkxD;aqmif;xm;olu avSorm;udk wpfpkHwpf&m wD;wkd;aNymvdkuf&m avSorm;onf avSudkNyefvSnfhum
urf;okdY uyfvmonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdY ESpfa,mufonf 0rf;omtm;&yif avSay:okdY wufvkdufMuonf/
]]b,folawGrsm;vJvdkY ... vufpowfawmh nDrwdkYygvm;}}
xD;aqmif;xm;olu tm;&0rf;omyif ESKwfqufpum; qdkonf/
xdktcsdefwGif ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYonf rsufESmwGif pkdaeaom rdk;a&rsm;udk vufNzifh oyfcsaeMucsdef
Nzpfonf/
Mum;&onf h toH r S m tawmf y if &if ; ES D ; uRrf ; 0if o nf h toH N zpf a omaMumif h ES p f a ,muf p vk H ;
pdwfvSKyf&Sm;oGm;Mu&onf/
csif;csif;onf &kwfNcnf;yif ESKwfqufoludk vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]][m ... tpfukd &SD;[kefygvm;}}
csif;csif;\ toHaMumifh ydkifpkusifvnf; vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m avSOD;wGif xD;aqmif;vsuf&SdaeolrSm
[efMuLNrdKUwGif awGYqkHulnDcJhonf &SD;[kefNzpfaeaMumif; awGY&onf/
&SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYudk aygif;rdk;xJ 0ifaponf/ oludk,fwdkifrl avSaygif;rdk;xJodkY r0ifbJ
avSOD;wGif xD;aqmif;um &yfaeonf/
wpf&yfwpfe,fwGif c&D;oGm;ae&cdkuf todtuRrf; wpfa,mufa,mufESifh qkHrdvQif rnfolrqdk
0rf;omMuNrJNzpfonf/
txl;oNzifh rdrd\pdwfxJwGif rwrf;wovdkvdk? wrf;wovdkvdkESifh Nzpfae&ol &SD;[kefudk awGY&aomtcg
ydkifpkusifrSm tawmfyif aysmf&TifoGm;rdonf/
]]tpfudkvnf; 0ifvmcJhygvm;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk MunfhNyD;aemuf &SD;[kefudk vSrf;zdwfac:onf/
avSrSm avSi,fav;wpfpD;om Nzpfonf/ aygif;rkd;uvnf; odyfrus,f/ vlESpfa,muf acsmifacsmifcsdcsd
xdkifEdkifonfh tus,f0ef;om&Sdonf/
tu,fí &SD;[kefom avSaygif;rdk;xJokdY 0ifvdkufygu tawmfyif usyfusyfwnf;wnf; NzpfoGm;ayrnf/

22
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusifESifh &if;ESD;onfxuf ydk&if;ESD;vdkaom &SD;[kefonf aygif;rdk;xJwGif usyfusyfwnf;wnf;
0ifxdkifvdkonf/ odkY&mwGif wpfcGef;zdwfac:&kHESifh csufcsif;0ifa&mufoGm;vQif rdrdtay: tNrifraumif;bJ
&Sdrnfpkd;aomaMumifh tm;em[efNzifh Niif;y,fvdkufonf/
]]nDrwdkY ESpfa,mufyJ aygif;rdk;xJrSm at;at;oufom aeMuyg? wdkYu bmudpörSr&Sdygbl;}}
ydkifpkusifonf rdk;&GmxJwGif xD;aqmif;um &yfae&&Smol &SD;[kefudk avSaygif;rdk;xJodkY 0ifvm&ef
vSrf;ac:csifaomfvnf; ESKwfr&JaomaMumifh csDwkHcswkH Nzpfaeonf/
olwdkYwpfawG pD;eif;vdkufygvmaom avSuav;onf Nrpfv,fodkYa&mufaeNyD; NrpfaMumif;twdkif;
qufvufavSmfcwfaeonf/
rdk;uydkonf;vmonf/
avuvnf; ydkxefvmonf/
rdk;a&wdkYonf aiGNrm;wHrsm;uJhokdY wNzdKifNzKdif usqif;aeMuonf/
&SD;[kefrSm xD;aqmif;xm;onf qdkaomfvnf; rdk;'Pfav'Pfudkum; b,fvdkrS rcHEdkif/ ab;bDrS
a0h0u kd w
f ukd cf wfvmaom avESit hf wl rd;k pufrsm;udk olYu, dk af y:odYk tvdyv f u kd t f vdyv f u
kd f 0ifa&mufwu kd cf wfaeoNzifh
wpfukd,fvkH;yif rdk;a&rsm; &TJ&TJpkdíaeonf/
ydkifpkusif raeomawmh/ onftwdkif; Munfhrae&ufawmh/
]]tpfudkYxD;u rdk;vJvkHatmif rvkyfEdkifygbl;? 'DtxJudkom 0ifvmcJhyg? bmrS tm;remraeygeJY}}
ydkifpkusifu &SD;[kefukd vSrf;ac:onf/
]][kwfom;yJ tpfudk&SD;[kef&JU? 'DtxJrSm 'DvdkyJNzpfovdk xkdifMuwmaygh? vmcJhyg ... 0ifcJhyg}}
tpuwnf;u ac:csifcsifNzpfaeaom csif;csif;uvnf; vSrf;ac:onf/
&S D ; [k e f r S m vnf ; yd k i f p k u sif E S i f h yl ; yl ; uyf u yf 0if x d k i f v d k p d w f &S d a eonf N zpf & m ,ck v d k xyf r H
zdwfac:vmNyefaomtcg Niif;qefraeawmhbJ tm;wkHYtm;em Nzpfonfh trlt&mrsKd;NyKum avSaygif;rdk;xJodkY0ifí
trSwfrxif oabmNzifh ydkifpkusif\ ab;em;wGif 0ifxdkifvdkufonf/
tom;csif; xduyfrdonf/ tdpufEl;nHhaom tawGYxl;aMumifh &SD;[kef\ &ifxJwGif w'def;'def; ckefvm&onf/
rdk;&Gmí csrf;pdrfhpdrfh &moDOwkrSmyif acR;Nyefvm&onf/
avSuav;u rdk;xJavxJwGif avSmfcwfoGm;aeqJ/
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kefudk rsufvkH;&GJMuD;Nzifh wpfcsufMunfhNyD; rsufvTmudk csxm;onf/
]]'geJY pum;rpyf ar;&OD;r,f? [kd[efMuLNrdKUrSmwkef;u tpfudk&SD;[kefudk 0kdif;wkdufcdkufMuwJh vlawGu
b,folawGvJ[if}}
csif;csif;u pum;p&Smum ar;vdkufonf/
&SD;[kefrSm taMumif;&Sm pum;aNym&ef pOf;pm;aeonfNzpf&m csif;csif;\ tar;pum;aMumifh pum;vrf;p
&oGm;onf/
]]wdkYudk vdkufNyD; wdkufcdkuf&efNyKMuwJh vlawGvm;? t&dk;pk*dkPf;om;awGyg}}
]]&rf;um;&ufpufvSw,fvdkY emrnfMuD;wJh vlawGvm;? t&dk;pk*dkPf;om;awGudk;? 'gaMumifhvJ 'Davmuf
rdkufvkH;MuD;aeMuwmyJ}}
csif;csif;u rSwfcsufcsonf/
ydkifpkusifurl bmrQraNymbJ em;pGifhíom aeonf/
&S D ; [k e f o nf þtaMumif ; ES i f h ywf o uf í rd r d t ay:wG i f yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y yd k * &k P mouf v mum
wu,fhtNypfuif;onfh vlaumif;av;[k xifap&ef rnfokdYrnfykH aNymMum;&rnfudk MudKwifMuHpnftuGufcsxm;NyD;
Nzpfonfhtwdkif; &rf;um;&ufpuf vSonfh t&dk;pk*dkPf;\ &efNyKrSK tEå&m,fudk rdrd rnfokdYrnfykH &ifqdkifae&aMumif;udk
&Tef;&Tef;a0atmifyif aNymNyvdkufonf/
&dk;om;NzLpifNyD; odkif;avmutawGUtMuKH enf;yg;vSol csif;csif;ESifh ydkifpkusifwdkYrSm &SD;[kef\ pum;rsm;udk
tMuGif;rJh ,kHMunfoGm;Muonf/
t&dk;pk*dkPf;ay: a':oxGufrdovdk &SD;[kefudkvnf; oem;rdMuonf/
23
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Dt&dk;pk*dkPf;om;awGu w,fqdk;&Gm;wmyJukd;? tpfudkYudk &efrlwJhvlawG[m 'Dvdkvlpm;awGNzpfrSef;
rodvdkYomaygh? odrsm;od&if uRefrudk,fwdkifxGufNyD; tNywf&Sif;ypfvdkufrSm}}
&SD;[kefaNymNyonfh vkyfMuHZmwfvrf;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf ydkifpkusifu tHav;Mudwfum aNymonf/
]]uRefruvnf; tJ'DvlawGudk t&dk;pk*dkPf;om;awGrSef; rodvdkY oufnSmNyD; vTwfay;vdkufrdwm
uRefrtNypfygyJ}}
csif;csif;uvnf; aNymonf/
]]nDrwdkYu 'DvlawGtaMumif;udk rodMuvdkY NzpfcJhwmyJ? tNypfqdkp&m r&Sdygbl;? nDrwdkY&JU nSmwmwwfwJh
pdwfxm;udkod&vdkY wdkY*kPf,lrdygw,f? NyD;awmh olwpfyg; qdk;oGrf;wdkif; udk,fu vkdufNyD; &ufpufMurf;MuKwfvdkY
b,fNzpfrSmvJ? 'DvdkomvdkufNyD; &ufpufae&&if udk,fvnf; olwdkYvdkNzpfoGm;rSmaygh}}
&SD;[kefonf taNymaumif;um y&d,m,f MuG,f0vSolNzpfonf/ okdif;avmuwGif usifvnfusufpm;aeol
tcsKdUudkyif &SD;[kefu pum;y&d,m,f MuG,fMuG,fNzifh ,kHMunfatmif aNymEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYvdk &dk;pif;aom rdef;rysKdrsm;ukdum; qkdzG,fr&Sdawmh/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYonf &SD;[kefudk &efolrsm;tay:wGifyif oabmxm;MuD;MuD; xm;wwfol[k
xifNrifoGm;Muonf/
]]'gayghav? pdwfaumif; apwemaumif;xm;wm[m rGefNrwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh wcsKdYuawmh ta,mifaqmif
rsufESmzkH;eJY vlaumif;olaumif;vdk [efaqmifaewwfMuao;w,f? 'grsKd;udkawmh owdxm;zdkY vdkvdrfhr,f}}
ydkifpkusifu omref&dk;&dk;om;om; aNymMum;vdkufNcif; Nzpfaomfvnf; ta,mifaqmiform; &SD;[kefrSm
rvkHonhftdk; wkwfESifhtxdk;cH&ovdk tawmfyif tae&txkdif& cufoGm;onf/
rdrd\ ta,mifaqmifrSKudk &dyfrdonfhtwGuf þpum;rsKd; aNymavovm;[kvnf; tvefYvefY tzsyfzsyf
awG;vdkufrdonf/
odkYaomf tawGUtMuKH &ifhusufaeol Nzpfonfhtwdkif; trlt&mrysufbJ ...
]][m ... [kww f ,f? nDraNymwJh pum;[m wu,freS w f myJ? 'Dvpkd w
d x f m;rsKd;&Sw
d hJ nDrudk odyaf v;pm;oGm;rdNyD}}
&SD;[kef\ tay:,H a&TrSKefMuJum aNymqdkaeaom pum;rsm;udk ydkifpkusifu t[kwftrSef[k xifum pdwfxJwGif
MunfEl;aerdonf/
pum;aNymaumif;aom &SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusifESifh ydkrdk &if;ESD;cifrifatmifESifh rdrdtay: ydkifpkusifwdkY
txifMuD;oGm;ap&ef ydkifEdkifpGm vkyfaqmifEdkifcJhonf/
aemufqkH;wGifawmh avSuav;onf vdk&mc&D;odkY qdkufa&mufoGm;awmh\/
]]anmif&GmavSqdyfurf;udk a&mufygNyD}}
avSorm;u urf;pyfwGif avSudkuyfNyD; aNymvdkufonf/
anmif & G m avS q d y f o nf yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y wnf ; cd k a exd k i f o nf h ae&mES i f h teD ; qk H ; ae&mwG i f &S d o nf h
avSqdyfNzpfayonf/
olwdkY okH;a,mufvnf; pum;vufpoyfum ukef;ay:odkY wufvdkufMuonf/
rdk;urwdwfao;/ oJoJrJrJ&GmaeNcif; r[kwfaomfvnf; cyfzGJzGJ&Gmcsaewkef;yif/
xD;u wpfvufwnf;om &Sdonf/
vlu okH;a,mufrdkY b,fvdkrS twlaqmif;vdkY r&Edkifay/
&SD;[kefum; tuif;yg;í tvdkufodwwfolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ olYxD;udk ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYtm;
aqmif;apNyD; olukd,fwdkifurl rdk;a&xJwGif onftwdkif;yif vrf;avQmufNyefoGm;onf/
þtcsufu ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYtzdkY &SD;[kefudk tvdkufodum tepfemcHwwfNyD; pdwfoabmxm;
Nynfh0olwpfa,muftNzpf ,lqxm;aomtNrifudk ykdí cdkifrmoGm;aponf/
wnf;cdkcef;odkY a&mufonfESifh ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYonf a&pdkaeaomt0wfrsm;udk vJvS,fum
acgufqGJNyKwf wpfyef;uefpD rSm,lpm;aomufMuonf/
csif;csif;onf &SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkYtaMumif;udk awG;awmum pOf;pm;aeonf/ csif;csif;taeNzifh
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwkdYudk eD;pyfapvdkaom qE´&Sdaeonf/
24
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
[dkifeefuRef;odkY oGm;&rnfh c&D;vrf;rSm a0;uGmvSonf/ vESifhcsDí oGm;&OD;rnfNzpfonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm odkif;ynm wwfaNrmufaomfvnf; tawGUtMuKH Eke,fvSao;onf/ ,cifuqdkvQif
tdrfxJu tdrfNyifyif odyfxGufavhr&SdMuay/ e*g;NzLa*[momvQif olwdkYusifvnf&m urÇmav; NzpfcJhonf/
tawG U tMuKH r &S d a om rd e f ; uav;ES p f a ,muf w nf ; a0;vH v S o nf h c&D ; &S n f M uD ; ud k prf ; w0g;0g;
oGm;aeonfxuf ,kHMunftm;udk;&aom a,mufsm;tazmf wpfa,mufa,mufygvQif ydkrdkaumif;rGefrnf[k csif;csif;
awG;rdonf/
xdkYNyif csif;csif;onf &SD;[kefukd pdwfxm;aumifrGefum aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfol wpfa,muf[k &dk;om;pGm
,kHMunfxm;onf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; &SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY eD;pyfapvdkaom pdwfqE´´ Nzpfay:aerdNcif;Nzpfonf/
tu,fí &SD;[kef taMumif;udkom odvQif csif;csif;taeNzifh þtawG;rsKd; acgif;xJ0ifvmrdrnf r[kwfay/
]]rrav;udk uRefr ar;p&m&Sdw,f? ar;&rvm;[if}}
csif;csif;u pum;pvdkufonf/
]]bmrsm;vJ}}
ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;udk pdkufMunfhNyD; NyefaNymonf/
]]tpfudk &SD;[keftay: rrav; b,fvdkNrifovJ}}
ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGif 'dwfceJ ckefoGm;onf/
]]eifu bmaMumifh 'Dar;cGef;rsKd; ar;wmvJ}}
]]odcsifvdkYyg rrav;&JU? uJyg uRefr ar;wmudk aNzprf;ygOD;}}
ydkifpkusifu acwåpOf;pm;vdkufNyD;
]]ol [ m &nf r G e f w ,f ? pd w f a umif ; &S d w ,f ? tepf e mcH w wf w ,f ? NyD ; awmh pd w f a epd w f x m;vnf ;
&dk;om;yGihfvif;w,fvdkY xifrdwmyJ}}
]]NyD;awmhaum}}
]]tvdkufodw,f? taNymtqdk ,Ofaus;w,f}}
]]'gyJvm; rrav;&JU}}
]]'gyJaygh aemufxyfbmrsm; &Sdao;vkdYvJ}}
]]&Sdygao;w,f rrav;&m? rrav;u odvsufeJY raNymbJaewm r[kwfvm;}}
]]igodorQ aNymNyD;NyD? bmrS rusefawmhbl;}}
]]rrav; odygw,f? &SufvdkY raNymbJ aewmyg}}
]]w,fcufygvm; csif;csif;&,f? uJ ... 'DxufydkNyD; eifodxm;wm&Sd&if aNymprf;}}
]]rrav;uvnf; odvsufom;eJY ar;aeNyefNyD}}
]]uJ ... csif;csif; eifaNymcsifaNym raNymcsifvJaeawmh}}
ydkifpkusifrSm pdwfr&SnfEdkifawmhonfhtwGuf avoHrmrmESifh cyfNywfNywf aNymvdkufonf/
]]tif ; aygh a v ... tck a wmh uRef r xuf yd k c if r if w G , f w m&r,f h o l &S d a eNyD q d k a wmh uRef r ud k
ta&;rpdkufawmhbl;aygh}}
þpum;aMumifh ydkifpkusif pdwfvSKyf&Sm;oGm;&onf/ olr\ rsufESmrSmvnf; eDa&miforf;oGm;onf/
]]csif;csif; ... eifhpum;u bmoabmvJ? ighudk &Sif;&Sif;aNymprf;}}
&Sufpdwfudk zkH;uG,faNymvdkuf&onfhtwGuf ydkifpkusif\ pum;oHrSm ydkí rmvmonf/
]]rrav; wu,f pdwfqdk;oGm;ovm; ... [if}}
csif;csif;u r0Hhr&Jav; ar;onf/
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusifudk i,faMumufNzpf\/ ydkifpkusif pdwfqdk;oGm;rSm tvGefpdk;&drf\/
]]eifu taESmifhrvGwf toGm;rvGwf pum;awG aNymaewmudk;}}
]]aumif;ygNyD rrav;&,f? uRefr pum;aumif;aumif; aNymhygr,f}}
]]aNym ...}}
25
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][kdav ... [kd}}
csif;csif;\ rsufESmrSm NyKH;NzJNzJNzpfvmonf/
]]aumifrav; b,fvdkNzpfaewmvJ? aNymifpyfpyfeJY}}
]]rrav;uvnf; [kd[myg? tpfudk&SD;[kef[m cHhnm;w,faemf? acsmaum racsmbl;vm;vdkY aNymrvdkYyg}}
ydkifpkusifrSm rsufarSmifav;MuKwfoGm;um ...
]]tJ'g igeJY bmqdkifvJ}}
]][m ... odyfudk qdkifwmaygh rrav;&JU}}
csif ; csif ; \ pum;u yd k i f p k u sif \ &if x J w G i f vQKd U 0S u f x m;aom ork ' , aES m if M ud K ;wpf r Qif u d k
ouf0ifvSKyf&Sm;vmapcJhonf/
csKdNraom yDwdt[kefudkvnf; wdwfwcdk;av; cHpm;rdvdkuf\/
]]tck rrav;&JUtouf b,favmuf&SdNyDvJ}}
csif;csif;u ar;vmNyefonf/
]]q,fh&SpfESpf &SdNyD}}
]]tif; ... q,fh&SpfESpf ... q,fh&SpfESpf? toufq,fh&SpfESpf qdkawmh tif; ...}}
csif;csif;onf vufnSKd;uav;udk ar;ay:wGif axmufum wwGwfwGwf a&&GwfaNymqdkaeonf/
csif;csif;u wnfhwnfh raNymaomfvnf; bmudkqdkvdkaMumif; ydkifpkusif aumif;aumif; tuJcwfrdonf/
ydkifpkusif\ ESvkH;om;wHcg;csyf yGifh[vmawmhrnfuJhokdY Nzpfaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwftm&kHwGif &SD;[kef\ &nfrGefacsmarmaom &kyf&nfudk Nrifa,mifvmonf/
[ef M uLNrd K UwG i f awG U qk H c J h & yk H r sm;rS p um avmf y ef N rpf t wG i f ; avS i ,f \ aygif ; rd k ; atmuf ü
yl;yl;uyfuyftwl&SdcJhykHrsm;txd NyefpOf;pm;rdonf/
opömxkHrTrf;aom arwåmpum; tvSrsm; oDaMuG;aeonfh[efukdyif ydkifpkusif pdwful;,Of xifNrifvmrdonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS xGufcGmvmcsdefrSpum rSKdifcsnfwpfcg ai;csnfwpfvSnfh NzpfaecJhaom ydkifpkusifrSm
,cktcgwGif wdrfpifavESif 0if;yvsuf prf;a&ES,f Munfvifívmonf/
tcspfaMumifh wkESKdif;uif;aom csrf;aNrYMunfEl;rSKudk &SmawGUavonf/
tcspfaMumifh t&m&mudk &ifqdkif&Jaom &Jpdwf&JrmefawG ay:aygufvmonf/
csif;csif;onf rNrifpzl; xl;uJpGm 0if;yMunfvifaeavaom ydkifpkusif\ rsufESmudk tHhMopGm ai;Munfhrd\/
tawG;Nzifh MunfEl;aeaom ydkifpkusif\ rsufESmu tvGefyifvSyaeonf/ NyKH;&Tifaeonf/ 0if;vJhaeonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mwGif taNcGt&Hrsm;ESifh rawmifhrw raMumifhrMu aecJh&pOf tcsdefuyif onfvdk
MunfEl;aysmf&Tifonfh rsufESmoGifNyifrsKd; rNrifcJh&ay/
,ckrS yxrqkH;tMudrf awGU&Nrif&ay&m csif;csif; taeNzifh tHhMornfqdkygu tHhMoavmufayonf/
touf q,fhaNcmufESpft&G,fom &Sdao;aom csif;csif;onf tcspfpdwfaMumifh MunfEl;aysmf&Tifaeonfh
rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf\ cHpm;rSKudk &kwfw&uf em;rvnfEdkifay/
rnfokdYyifqdkap ydkifpkusifudk ,ckvdk &Tif&Tifvef;vef; awGU&aomtcg csif;csif;vnf; tvdkvdkyif
aysmf&Tifvm&onf/
]]rrav; ...}}
tawG;tm&kHxJwGif ESpfarsmum MunfEl;aeavaom ydkifpkusifrSm csif;csif;\ ac:oHaMumifh vefYoGm;onf/
]]bmvJ[,f ... eifuvJ ... tvefYwMum;eJY}}
]]uRefrac:vdkufwm toHwkd;wkd;av;yg? uRefr ac:oHudk vefYoGm;&atmif rrav; bmawG pdwful;aerSef;rS
rodbJ}}
]]aumifrav;aemf ... r[kwfwmawG avQmufaNymraeeJY? uJ ... uJ ... eif bmaNymcsifvdkYvJ}}
]][kdav ... tpfukd&SD;[kefudk Munfh&wm rrav;tay: pdwf0ifpm;aeovdkyJaemf}}
csif;csif;u aoG;wdk;prf;um r&Jw&J aNym\/

26
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'gawG ig em;rvnfbl;? pdwfvnf; r0ifpm;bl;? tcktcsdefrSm [kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifudk
oGm;zkdYyJ pdwf0ifpm;w,f}}
]][m ... rrav;uvJ q&mrMuD; 0lpifu uRefrwdkYudk tac:vTwfvdkufwmrS r[kwfbJ? uRefrwdkYbmom
oGm;r,fqdkNyD; xGufvmcJhwmyJ r[kwfvm;? 'Dawmh uRefrwdkYtaeeJY [kdifeefuRef;udk roGm;bJ aevdkYvnf; &wmyJ?
uRefrwdkY ESpfa,muf[m i,fi,fav; &Sdygao;w,f? [kdifeefuRef;udk oGm;NyD; q&mrMuD; 0lpifvdkyJ wpfoufvkH;
aeoGm;&rSmvm;}}
0lpifonf tdrfaxmifvnf;rNyK? tNcm; taysmftyg;vnf; r&SdbJ [kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifay:wGif
aexdkifaeonf/
0lpifwGif wynfhwyef;rsm;pGm &Sdaomfvnf; xdkwynfhrsm;onf rdef;rom;rsm;omNzpfNyD; cspfolr&Sm
tdrfaxmifrNyKbJ wpfukd,fa& wum,om aexdkifMu&onf/
csif;csif;u xdktcsufudk &nf&G,fum ydkifpkusiftm; aNymvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifrSm csif;csif;udk wkHYNyefaNymqdk&ef pum;vkH; &Smr&Edkifatmif Nzpfaeonf/
]][if; ...}}
pdwfxJwGif wif;usyfovdk NzpfvmaomaMumifh ydkifpkusifonf oufNyif;armwpfcsuf rSKwfxkwfvdkufonf/
]]ightaeeJY q&mrMuD;0lpifvdk cspfolr&Sm tdrfaxmifrNyKbJ aeEdkifyghrvm;? iguaeEdkifw,fxm;OD;?
csif;csif;twGufudk xnfhpOf;pm;&r,f? ol[m ighudk oHa,mZOf odyf&SdwmaMumifh ighaemufudk vkdufrSm trSefyJ?
olY&JU i,f&G,fEkysKdwJhb0udk txD;usefNzpfoGm;atmif igvkyfovdk Nzpfae&if NzpfaerSm}}
ydkifpkusifrSm trsKd;rsKd;awG;um pdwfarmaerdonf/
pdwftusOf;tusyfusolwdkY\ xkH;pHtwdkif; oufNyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufNyefonf/
]]at;av ... eifaNymwmvJ [kwfygw,f? 'Dawmh igaoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;OD;r,f}}
pum; qufraNymNzpfMuawmh/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf c&D;yef;vmMuaomaMumifh tdyf&mxJ0ifum vJavsmif;tem;,lvdkufMuavonf/
rdk;rSm wdwfawmhrvdkvdkESifh wpdrfhpdrfh &GmoGef;aeqJyifNzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYrSmvnf; rdk;at;at;wGif tawG;yifv,fa0aeMuonf/
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf rdk;vif;onfESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY wnf;cdkaexdkif&modkY &SD;[kef a&muf&Sdvmonf/
&SD;[kefonf tat;rd[efNzifh ESmwacsacs Nzpfaeonf/
]]nDrwdkY aeaumif;Muw,faemf? raeYu rdk;rdwmaMumifh nDrwdkYESpfa,muf zsm;emaeMurvm;vdkY wkdYNzifh
wpfnvkH; awG;ylaerdw,f}}
ykdifpkusifwdkYudk awGY&onfESifh &SD;[kefu pkd;&drf[efNzifh aNymonf/
]]uRefrwdkY[m omrefrdef;rom;awG r[kwfygbl;? twGif;tm;avhusifhxm;wJh odkif;ynm&SifawGyg?
odkif;ynmwwfxm;wJh vlawGtzdkY rdk;rdwmavmufudk ta&;xm;p&m r[kwfygbl;}}
csif;csif;u NyKH;&,fum NyefaNymonf/
þtcgwGifrl &SD;[kefonf rdrdtaeNzifh tat;rdum acsmif;qdk;ESmacs NzpfcJh&rSKtwGuf tawmfyif tm;r&Edkif
NzpfoGm;onf/
]]aMomf ... [kwo f m;yJ [kwo f m;yJ? nDrwdYk u wdYk xuf odik ;f ynmawG trsm;MuD; omaewmyJ? rd;k rdwmavmufukd
ta&;xm;p&m rvdkygbl;? wdkYu tpkd;&drfvGefNyD; 'gudk arhoGm;w,fav}}
&SD;[kefu t&SufaNyNyKH;&,fum aNymvdkufonf/
]]olYvdk a,mufsm;MuD; wpfa,mufawmif tat;rdNyD; ESmacsaewmqdkawmh igwdkY rdef;rom; ESpfa,muftzdkY
ydt
k aNctae qd;k r,fqNkd yD; pk;d &drrf &d mS [ef wlyg&JU? tif; ... ol[m tawmhu f kd ud,
k cf sif;pmNyD; MuifemwwfwhJ vlygyJvm;}}
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJ awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]tpfudkuom xD;ray;cJh&if uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufvnf; tat;rdrSm trSefygyJ? uRefrwdkYudk xD;ay;xm;cJhNyD;
tpfudku rdk;a&xJrSm onftwdkif; NyefoGm;awmh tat;rd&wmaygh? tpfudkYudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu t&nfvJhaeaom rsufvkH;&GJMuD;rsm;ESifh &SD;[kefudk MunfhNyD;aNymonf/
27
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusif\ pum;aNymh &SD;[kefrSm MunfEl;pdwfrsm; t&dyfa0NzmoGm;rdav\/
]]'Dvdk tao;tzGJ udprö sKd;av;twGuf taxGtxl; aus;Zl;wifraeygeJY nDr&,f? nDrwdkY&JU tultnDaMumifh
wdkY&JU toufwpfacsmif; 'DaeYtxd &Sifoefae&wmyg? 'Daus;Zl;udk b,fvdkqyf&rSef;awmif rod&ao;ygbl;?
'DMum;xJrSm nDru aus;Zl;wifpum; qdkvmawmh wdkYNzifh rsufESmb,fvdkxm;&rSef; rodawmhbl;}}
pum;wwfaom &SD;[kefu &Tef;&Tef;a0atmif NyefaNymvdkufonf/
]]uJ ... tpfudk&SD;[kef rrav;eJY pum;aNymaecJhOD;? tpfudk &SD;[keftwGuf pm;p&mwpfckck uRefr
oGm;rSmvdkufOD;r,f}}
csif;csif;u þodkYaNymNyD; tcef;tNyifodkY xGufoGm;awmhonf/
trS e f p pf p pf wnf ; cd k & d y f o m vk v if w pf a ,muf a ,muf u d k vS r f ; ac:um pm;aomuf z G , f & mrsm;
rSmMum;vQifvnf; &Edkifayonf/
&SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkYudk ydkrdk&if;ESD;oGm;apvdkaomaMumifh csif;csif;u pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk
udk,fwdkifrSmMum;&ef qdkNyD;wrif a&SmifxGufoGm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifuvnf; csif;csif; wrifa&Smifay;rSef; odaomfvnf; [efYwm;Ncif; rNyKcJhay/
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusifudk cspfvnf;cspf\/ aMumufvnf;aMumuf\/ &SD;[keftay: ydkifpkusif
pdwf0ifpm;aeaMumif; csif;csif;odonf/ i,f&G,fol csif;csif;onf &SD;[kefESifh cspfMudKufoGm;vQif ydkifpkusif\ b0
pdkNynfat;csrf;vmrnf[k &dk;pif;pGm awG;rdonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; t&JpGefYum a&Smifay;vdkufonf/
ydkifpkusif pdwfqdk;rSmudkvnf; awG;ylaeao;\/
tcef;xJwGif wdwfqdwfaeonf/
ydkifpkusifa&m &SD;[kefyg awmfawmfESifh pum;raNymNzpfMu/
&SD;[kefonf wzufom;usavmufatmif pum;y&d,m,f toG,foG,fNzifh pDumywfukH; aNymqdkwwfonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh ESpfa,mufcsif; awGU&vQif rnfokdYrnfykH aNymqdkvdkufrnf[lívnf; MudKwifí pdwful;xm;cJhNyD;
Nzpfonf/
okdY&mwGif ,ck ydkifpkusifESifh tcef;xJwGif ESpfa,mufwnf; &SdaeaomtcgwGifrl &SD;[kefrSm b,fenf;b,fykH
pum;pum aNym&rnfudk &kwfw&uf pOf;pm;r&bJ ESKwfqdwfíaeonf/
&ifxJwGifvnf; tawmfyif vSKyf&Sm;aeonf/
ydkifpkusifrSm &SD;[kefxmuf ydkqdk;onf/ pum;aNymqdkzdkY aeaeomom rsufESm rnfokdYxm;&rnfrSef; rodí
acgif;av;udkom ikHYxm;rdonf/
rdrd\ ESvkH;ckefoH w'def;'def;Nrnfaeonfudk ydkifpkusif twdkif;om; Mum;ae&onf/
]]t[rf; ... tJ ... nDr ... pkusif}}
twefMumatmif NidrfoufaeNyD;rS &SD;[kefu ESKwf[um pum;ponf/
&SD;[kef\toHrSm rodrom wkef,ifaeonf/
]]&Sif ...}}
ydkifpkusifu acgif;ikHYxm;&mrS r0Hhrpm;av; armfMunfhNyD; Nyefxl;onf/
toHrSmrl ododomom wkef,ifaeonf/
]][kdav ... nDrudk wpfckavmuf tJ ... ar;csifvdkY}}
]]ar;yg tpfudk? bmrsm; ar;csifvdkYvJ}}
csif;csif;r&SdbJ rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; Nzpfaecdkuf &SD;[kefu cspfpum; MudKufpum;awG aNymvmvQif [laom
tawG;aMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm aNczsm;vufzsm;awG at;pufvm&onf/
]]nDr csif;csif;&JU odkif;ynmu wu,fudk xufNrufwmyJaemf? olawmif 'Davmufawmfae&if nDrpkusifqdk
t&rf;udk tpGrf;xufvdrfhr,fvdkY wkdY ,kHMunfw,f}}
&SD;[kefu olY0oDtwdkif; trSefw&m;udk omomxdk;xdk; aNymqdk aNr§mufyifhvdkufonf/ ydkifpkusif\
rsufESmtrlt&mudkvnf; ododomomyif pl;pdkufavhvmonf/
28
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;[kef\ ay:ay:xifxif csD;rGrf;vmaom pum;ESifh tMunfhaMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm &SKd;wdkY&SefYwefYNzpfum
rsufESmtxm;& cufoGm;onf/
]]td k ... tpf u d k aNymoavmuf v nf ; r[k w f a o;ygbl ; ? uRef r &J Y od k i f ; ynmu ud k , f h u k d , f u d k
umuG,fEdkif&kHavmufygyJ}}
]]nDru w,fESdrfhcswmudk;? NynfhwJhtdk;rsm; abmifbifrcwfbl;qdkwJh pum;[m w,frSefwmyJ? wdkYb0
wpfoufwmrSm odkif;ynm Nrifhrm;wJh rdef;rysKdawG trsm;MuD; Nrifzl;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh nDrwdkYavmuf odkif;ynm
Nrifhrm;wmawmh rawGYzlao;ygbl;/ wdkYwu,faNymaewmyg? aNr§mufyifhNyD;vJ raNymwwfygbl;}}
&SD;[kefrSm pum;p&ef cufcsdefwGif ESKwfqdwfaeaomfvnf; pum;p&vmaomtcgwGifrl ESKwftmoGufoGufESifh
vQmay: wHawG; rwifatmifyif aNymEdkifonf/
rnfokdYyifqdkap ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kef\ csD;rGrf;aNymqdkaom pum;udk em;0ifcsKdum oabmus
ESpfNcKdufaerdonf/
]]tpfudk uRefrudk aNymr,fqdkwmudk aNymav? uRefrwwfEdkifwmqdk&if ulnDay;yghr,f}}
ydkifpkusifu cspfpdwf0ifaeaom rdef;uav;wdkY\ obm0twdkif; a&vmaNrmif;ay; pum;udk aNymvkdufonf/
]]wdkwdkeJY &Sif;&Sif; aNym&r,fqdk&if nDrqDrSm wynfhcHNyD; odkif;ynmawG oifcsifvdkYyg}}
xdkodkYaNymNyD;aemuf odkif;ynm oifMum;&ef q&mNzpfolxHcGifhyefonfh tpOftvmtwdkif; &SD;[kefonf
ydkifpkusif\ a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufcsvdkufonf/
]]tdk ... tpfudk &SD;[kef}}
ydkifpkusifrsm tvGefyif tHhMooGm;um vufuav;wumumESifh bmvkyf&rSef;rodatmif NzpfoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif csif;csif;onf tcef;xJ Nyef0ifvmcJhonf/
&SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY\ taNctaeudk MunfhNyD; ...
"[m ... tpfukd &SD;[kef rrav;a&SUrSm 'l;axmufNyD; bmawGrsm; awmif;cHaewmvJ"
csif;csif;u wtHhwMo aNymvdkufonf/
&SD;[kefrSm a,mifwD;a,mife Nzpfum 'l;axmufae&mrS uref;uwef;yif x&yfvkdufrdonf/
&SD;[kefonf vSKyf&Sm;oGm;aom pdwfudkxdef;vdkufNyD; csif;csif;udk trSeftwdkif;yif xkwfaNymonf/
]]wdkYu tqifhNrifh odkif;ynmawG wwfaNrmufcsifvdkY nDrpkusifqDrSm tultnD awmif;aewmyg? wdkY[m
odkif;orm;qdk;awGudk acsrSKef;ESdrfeif;csifayr,fh odkif;ynmraumif;vdkY wdkYudk,fwkdYawmif rumuG,fEdkifatmif
Nzpfae&w,f/ 'gaMumifh nDrpkusifqDu tqifhNrifhynmawGudk oifMum;csifwmyg? nDrpkusifqDu odkif;ynmawGom
&cJh&if qdk;oGrf;rdkufrJwJh odkif;orm;qdk; vl&rf;um;awGudk ESdrfeif;NyD; wdkif;Nynfaumif;usKd;vkyfaqmifwJh ae&mrSm
wpfwyfwpftm; yg0ifEdkifrSmyJ? tJ'grif;&JU rrav;udk 0dkif;ulaNymay;zdkY awmif;yefygw,f}}
&SD;[kefonf xdkpum;rsm;udk csif;csif;tm; aNymaeNcif;Nzpfaomfvnf; ydkifpkusif odap&efyg &nf&G,f&if;
Nzpfonf/
ydik pf u
k sifonf &S;D [ke\f pum;rsm;udk t[kwrf w
S u
f m &S;D [kev
f cdk sifaom odik ;f ynmrsm;udk oifMum;ay;vdpk w d f
Nzpfay:vmonf/
odkYaomf &SD;[kefu rdrdxuf toufMuD;aeonfhtwGuf oifay;&ef roifhavsmfrnfudk pOf;pm;rdNyefum
csDwkHcswkH Nzpfaeonf/
]]tpfudku uRefrxuf toufMuD;aewmqdkawmh ...}}
ydkifpkusifu pum;pvdkufonfESifh &SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusif\ pum;rqkH;rD Mum;0ifNyD; ...
]]wdkYu nDrxuf toufenf;enf; ydkMuD;ayr,fh nDroifMum;ay;wmudk aumif;aumif;rGefrGef oif,lyghr,f?
wdkYudk odkif;ynm oifay;ygaemf}}
ydkifpkusifrSm tirf;r& awmif;qdkaeaom &SD;[kefudk rnfodkYtaNzay;&rnf rodbJ tusyfawGYaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif csif;csif;\ acgif;xJwGif pdwful;wpfck ay:vmonf/
qdk;qdk;qwfqwf vkyfaqmifwwfaom csif;csif;onf pOf;pm;rdaom pdwful;udk csufcsif;yif taumiftxnf
azmfvdkufonf/
29
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tpfudk &SD;[kef ... cP? tMuHwpfck ay;p&m&SdvdkY}}
csif;csif;onf xdkodkYaNym&if; &SD;[kefudk tcef;tNyifokdY ac:oGm;onf/
}}csif;csif; ... eifbmawGavQmuft&l;xaewmvJ}}
ydkifpkusifu csif;csif;udk vSrf;atmfaNymonf/
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusif\ atmfaNymoHudk rMum;[efNyKum &SD;[kefukdom tcef;tNyifokdY ac:xkwfoGm;onf/
cPtMumwGif &SD;[kef wpfa,mufwnf; tcef;xJodkY Nyef0ifvmonf/
&SD;[kef\ trlt&mrSm wkefwkef,if,if Nzpfaeonf/ pdwfvSKyf&Sm;aeaMumif; odomonf/
]]nDr ... pkusif ... [dk ... [kd}}
&SD;[kefu pum;ponf/
ydkifpkusifu bmrQNyefraNym/ &SD;[kefu qufaNymrnfh pum;rsm;udkom apmifhvifhaeonf/
&SD;[kefu pum;udk qkH;atmifraNymao;aomfvnf; ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGifrl &SD;[kef bmaNymrnfudk
odaeovdkvdk Nzpfaeonf/
ydik pf u
k sif\ &ifxw J iG f vSKyf&mS ;aeonf/ ESv;Hk u w'de;f 'de;f ckeaf eonf/ rdr\
d ud, k cf E¨monf a0,HtNrifo h Ydk
vGifhaNrmufwufoGm;ovdkvdk cHpm;ae&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;[kef\ pum;oHrsm; qufvufay:xGufvmonf/
tem;uyfum cyfwdk;wdk; aNymaeNcif;Nzpfaomfvnf; a0;vHoDacgifaom t&yfrSm atmf[pfaNymMum;oHvdkvdk
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
]]nDrukd ... wdkYcspfw,f? nDrudk wpfoufvkH; apmifha&SmufoGm;csifw,f? twlwlvufwGJNyD; b0vrf;rSm
avQmufvSrf;cGifhNyKygaemf ...}}
]]tdk ...}}
ydkifpkusif\ ESKwfzsm;rS toHav;wpfcsuf xGufoGm;onf/ &SD;[kefxHrS þpum;rsKd; aNymvmawmhrnfudk
Mud K wif o d x m;vsuf E S i f h y if wu,f w rf ; em;ES i f h q wf q wf Mum;vm&aaomtcgwG i f u m; &if x J w G i f
wif;qnfawmifhcHEdkifpGrf; r&Sdatmif vSKyf&Sm;oGm;&awmhonf/
xdkw'*Ftcsdefav;twGif;ü &SD;[kef\ arwåmaw;oHonf rdrdudk tkyfrdk;vTrf;NcKHvdkufaMumif; ydkifpkusif
od&avonf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdwftpOfrSm avNynfavnif; wdkufcwfrSKwGif ,drf;EGJUvSKyf&Sm;aeaom Mumyef;av;ES,f
NzpfoGm;awmhonf/
tcspfonf xl;qef;vSonf/
tcspfaMumifh qifNcifwkHw&m; avsmhyg;Edkifonf/
tcspf p d w f vT r f ; NcKH v mvQif bmud k r Q rod E d k i f a wmh / rd r d c spf o l o nf vk H ; 0 tNypf u if ; um
taumif;qkH;tawmfqkH;[k xifwwfonf/
tcspfpdwf vTrf;NcKHvmvQif bmudkrqdk &ifqdkif&Jonf/
cspfoltwGuf avmuMuD; wpfckvkH;udk qefYusif&efvnf; 0efrav;/
&SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusifudk awGYpuwnf;uyif tydkifMuHvdkpdwfrsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusif\ tcspfudk vdkcsifonf? ydkifpkusif\ okdif;ynmrsm;udk t"du&,lcsifonf/
tcGifhtcgudkMunfhum ydkifpkusif\ odkif;ynmudk &,l&ef yxrtqifh taeNzifh tpysKd;cJhonf/ &if;ESD;rSK
cdkifNrJvmrS arwåmawmif;cHrnfh tpDtpOfudk cs&ef wGufcsufxm;cJhonf/
odkYaomf csif;csif;u tMuHay;aumif;NyD; rdrduvnf; pGefYpm;aNymqdkMunfhvdkuf&m wdkawmif;vSaom
tcsdefav;twGif;rSmyif arQmfvifhxm;onfxuf ydkrdk tqifacsmoGm;&awmhonf/
&SD;[kef aysmfrqkH;awmhay/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYrSmvnf; olwdkY wGufudef;ESifholwdkY MunfEl;aysmf&TifaeMuonf/
tu,fí ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYonf zsHMuD;&SD;[kef\ taMumif;udk odrnfqdkygvQif .../

30
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (5)
ezl;pm; &Gmvnfonf[k qdk&rnfavm rod/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kef arwåmrQum tMuifvifr,m; tNzpfvufxyfaygif;oif;vdkufonf/
[dkifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmif odkYoGm;a&mufNcif; rNyKawmhyJ usef;MudK;NrdKUwGifyif taNccsum
aexdkifvdkufMuonf/
e*g;NzLa*[monf tqif h N rif h o d k i f ; ynmrsm;ES i f h ywf o uf í xd y f w ef ; ae&mwG i f &S d o nf h e nf ; wl
aq;0g;ukorSKwGifvnf; tqifhNrifhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf zcifxHrS odkif;ynmudkomru aq;0g;ukorSK twwfynmudkyg tarGqufcH&&Sdxm;cJhonf/
csif;csif;onfvnf; ydkifpkusif\ &Ha&Gazmf rdef;uav;wpfa,mufNzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm aq;azmfpyfrSK?
aq;ukoNyKpkrSKwdkYwGif uRrf;usifwwfaNrmufonf/
&SD;[kefESifhvufxyfNyD;aemuf ydkifpkusifonf ygvmonfh vuf0wfvufpm; tcsKdUudk a&mif;csum
tdrfi,fav;wpfvkH;0,fí aq;qdkifwpfqkdif zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
xdkaq;qdkifudk ]xl;cRefaq;qdkif} [k trnfay;vdkufavonf/
ydkifpkusiftzdkY udk,fydkifaetdrf? udk,fydkifvkyfief;ESifh taNcusaeNyD[k xifrSwfum txl;yifauseyfaysmf&Tif
aeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf &dk;om;onf/ tawGUtMuKHvnf;enf;vSonfhtwGuf &SD;[kefaNymorQudk ,kHMunfcJhonf/
&SD;[kefudkvnf; aiGaMu;rMuG,f0aomfvnf; pdwfxm;aumif;rGefonfh rsKd;aumif;&dk;aumif; vl&G,fwpfa,muf[k
xifrSwfxm;&Smonf/
[efaqmifaumif;NyD; pum;y&d,m,f MuG,f0vSaom &SD;[keftwGuf tMuHatmifum acwåcPawmh
[efusaeonf[k qdk&ayrnf/
&SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusif\ cspfarwåmudk t&,lEdkifNyD;aemuf ydkifpkusifxHrS odkif;ynmrsm;udk oif,lEdkif&ef
qufvufMudK;pm;Nyefonf/
31
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tMuifvifr,m;tNzpfyif vufxyfaygif;oif;aexdkifMuNyD NzpfonfhtwGuf &SD;[keftzdkY ydkifpkusifxHrS
tqifhNrifh odkif;ynmrsm; oif,lEdkifa&;tawGuf cufcufcJcJ MudK;yrf;ae&ef rvdkawmhay/
ydik pf u
k siu f rdro
d nf e*g;NzLa*[mrS ydik u f siv f \
Hk orD;NzpfaMumif; cifyeG ;f onf &S;D [keu f kd xkwaf zmfaNymonf/
xdkYaemuf e*g;NzLa*[m\ rsKd;qufodkif;ynm Nzpfaom e*g;NzL u0draemodkif;ynmudk &SD;[keftm; oifMum;ay;onf/
e*g;NzL u0draemokdif;ynmonf okdif;avmu\ xdyfwef;odkif;ynm&yfMuD;Nzpfaom u0draem odkif;ynm\
tudkif;tcuf wpfckNzpfayonf/
u0draemodkif;ynmwGif odkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGuf&SdNyD; usifhpOftm;Nzifh ckepfrsKd;uGJNym;onf/
usifhpOfwpfrsKd;pDudk odkif;avmu\ xdyfoD;odkif;orm;MuD; ckESpfOD;u wpfOD;vQif wpfrsKd;pD cGJa0um
wwfaNrmufxm;Muonf/ xdkodkif;orm;MuD; ckepfOD;udk e*g;u0d ckepfql[k wifpm;ac:qdkMuonf/
vG e f c J h a om ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m u od k i f ; avmuwG i f u0d r aem*d k P f ; [l a om tif t m;MuD ; rm;onf h
odkif;tzGJUMuD;wpfck &SdcJhonf/
u0draemodik ;f orm;rsm;onf trsm;tusKd;? wdik ;f NynftusKd; aqmif&u G Mf uonf/ rw&m;rSKrsm;? 'kp&du k rf KS rsm;
yaysmufa&;twGuf wwfEdkifonfhbufrS yg0ifMuonf/
odkif;ynmudk tvGJokH;pm;vkyfum udk,fusKd;&Sm tNrwfxkwfaeMuonfh vrf;vGJodkif;orm;qdk;rsm;onf
u0draem*dkPf; ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif; qefYusifvkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/
u0draemodkif;orm;rsm;uvnf; Nynfolvlxkudk taESmifht,Sufay;aeMuonfh vrf;vGJodkif;orm;qdk;rsm;udk
vdkufvHacsrSKef;Muonf/
þokdYNzifh vrf;vGJodkif;orm;rsm;wGif tiftm;pGrf;yum; tMuD;rm;qkH;Nzpfaom rdpämraem*dkPf;ESifh
u0draem*dkPf;wdkY xdyfwdkif&ifqdkif wdk;rdMuavawmhonf/
þodkY&ifqdkifawGUrSKonf taumif;ESifhtqdk;wdkY\ tm;NydKifrSK[lívnf; qdkEdkifonf/
rdpämraem*dkPf;u qdk;oGrf;&rf;um;rSKudk udk,fpm;NyKonf/ u0draem*dkPf;u aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfrSKudk
udk,fpm;NyKonf/
rd p ä m raem*d k P f ; 0if od k i f ; orm;qd k ; rsm;\ rd k u f r J &rf ; um;rS K rsm;ud k u0d r aemod k i f ; orm;rsm;u
vdkufvHacsrSKef;ESdrfeif;onf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; orm;rsm;\ trsm;tusKd ; aqmif r S K vk y f i ef ; rsm;ud k rd p ä m raemod k i f ; orm;rsm;u
vdkufvHaESmifh,Sufwdkufcdkufonf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; \obm0ES i f h rd p ä m raemod k i f ; \ obm0wd k Y uvnf ; wpf c k E S i f h w pf c k
qefYusifbufNzpfaeMuav\/
u0draemodkif;\ usOfYpOfckepfrsKd;tay:wGif taNcNyKum e*g;NzLa*[m? e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;?
e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;[lí *dkPf;tzGJU ckepfck uGJNym;cJhonf/
xdk*dkPf;ckepfck\ acgif;aqmifrsm;udkvnf; ]e*g;u0dckepfql} [k ac:cJhMuonf/
e*g;u0dckepfqlwkdY tygt0if u0draem odkif;orm;rsm;onf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfzdkYvdktyfaMumif;udkum;
a,bk,stm;Nzifh vufcHMuonf/
od k Y & mwG i f u0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if t aygif ; ud k cd k i f r muspf v spf p G m pnf ; &k H ; acgif ; aqmif a &;wG i f r l
twårmersm;&SdaeonfhtwGuf vufawGUpnf;vkH;nDnGwfrSK&atmif rvkyfEdkifcJhMuay/
pnf;&kH;OD;aqmifrnfh acgif;aqmifae&mudk ol&xdkufonf ig&xkdufonf[lí tNiif;yGm;aecJhMuonf/
aemufqkH;wGifrl aysmufqkH;aeaom u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYudk
vuf0,f&&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifEdkifoludk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf todtrSwfNyK&ef
oabmwlcJhMuonf/
þod k Y oabmwl n D c J h M uNyD ; aemuf u0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if r sm;onf u0d r aemod k i f ; usrf ; ES i f h
e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYudk MuKd;pm;&SmazGcJhMuonf/
*dkPf;tzGJY ckepfckwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\*dkPf;0ifrsm;udkom rdrdwdkY\odkif;usifhpOfrsm; oifMum;avhusifhay;Muonf/
tNcm;aom*dkPf;rsm;rS u0draemodkif;tEG,frsm;udkrl oifMum;ay;Ncif;rNyKbJ txl;yifvQKdU0Sufxm;Muonf/
32
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
þod k Y Nzif h u0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if r sm;onf u0d r aemod k i f ; ud k usif h p Of w pf r sKd ; pD N zif h o m
wwfaNrmufaecJhMuonf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; onf tpG r f ; xuf v S o nf h tqif h N rif h ok d i f ; ynmNzpf a y&m usif h p Of w pf r sKd ;
ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifwwfaNrmufvQifyif tm*odkif;orm;tNzpf vufraxmifEdkifonf/
u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;&SmazG&&Sdxm;ol ay:aygufvmvQif xdkoludk
u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifwdkY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf wnDwnGwfwnf; wifaNr§mufMu&ef *dkPf;ckepf*dkPf;rS
*dkPf;csKyfESifh acgif;aqmifwkdYu rdrdwdkY\ wynfhom;aNr;rsm;udk wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh aNymqdkrSmMum;xm;cJhMuonf/
pnf ; vk H ; nD n G w f r S K ysuf N ym;aomtcg ud k , f u sKd ; &S m rS K rsm; ay:ayguf v mwwf o nf h "r® w mtwk d i f ;
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifae&mudk Nzwfvrf;Nzifht&,l&ef MuKd;yrf;vkyfaqmifrSKrsm;vnf;
ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; ud k usif h p Of E S p f r sKd ; Nzif h wwf a Nrmuf v Qif usef u 0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if * d k P f ; rsm;ud k
tEdik w f u
dk cf u kd Nf yD; vufatmufct H Nzpf odr;f oGi;f Edik rf nfNzpfaomaMumifh tNcm;aom u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f if*P kd ;f wdYk \
usifhpOfrsm;udk t&,lEdkif&ef vQKdU0SufMuHpnfrSKrsm;? taumufOmPfNzifh MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrSKrsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/
wpfzufwGif rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk MudK;pm;yrf;pm;vdkufvH pkHprf;&SmazGrSKrsm;vnf; ay:aygufaeonf/
rdpämraemodkif;onf vrf;vGJodkif;ynmrsm;wGif tqifhtNrifhqkH;ESifh tpGrf;xufqkH;aom odkif;ynmNzpfonf/
rdpämraemodkif;udk acsrSKef;tEdkif,lEdkifonfh odkif;ynmqdkí u0draemodkif;wpfckwnf;om&Sdonf/
u0draemodkif;udk usifhpOfckepfrsKd;ESifh NynfhNynfhpkHpkH wwfaNrmufonfh odkif;ynm&Sifr&Sdonfh taNctaewGif
rd p ä m raemod k i f ; usrf ; ud k &&S d N yD ; avh u sif h a tmif N rif o l o nf ok d i f ; avmuud k cg;apmif ; wif u m
pkd;rkd;Nc,fvS,fEdkifrnfNzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk taotvJvdkufvH &SmazGaeolrsm; ay:aygufvmNcif;Nzpfonf/
rdpämraemodkif;usrf;ESifh u0draemodkif;usrf;wdkY ay:aygufvmMuNyD [laom owif;rsm;vnf; rMumcPyif
Nzpfay:vmonf/
xdkodkif;usrf;ESpfckESifh ywfoufí odkif;orm;tcsif;csif; wdkufckdufowfNzwfrSKrsm;uvnf; renf;awmhay/
u0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if r sm;tMum;wG i f v nf ; wNcm;aom u0d r aemod k i f ; tEG , f 0 if * d k P f ; rsm;\
odkif;usifhpOfrsm;udk t&,lEdkif&ef enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;Nzifh MuKd;yrf;rSKawG ydkrsm;vmonf/
&SD;[kefonf xdkokdYaom MudK;yrf;rSKwpfck\ Zmwfaumifwpfaumif Nzpfae&ayawmhonf/
&S D ; [k e f t zd k Y e*g;NzLu0d r aemod k i f ; ynmud k oif M um;cG i f h & Ncif ; onf xl ; uJ v S a om
tcGifhtvrf;MuD;yifNzpfayonf/
y&d,m,ftoG,foG,f? ta,mifaqmifrSKtrsKd;rsKd;Nzifh yJhrygonfhavS? ZufMudK;rJhNrif;vdk xif&mpdkif;um
vkyfaqmifcJhrSKonf Mum&SnfzkH;uG,fí rxm;EdkifcJhay/
tvQHnD;nD; awmufavmifaeonfh rD;udk puúLESifhxkyfumxm;í r&ovdk ta,mifaqmifrSKrSmvnf;
Mum&SnfrNrJEdkifcJhay/
ta,mifaqmifrSK ay:aygufvmaomtcgwGifrl .../
&S D ; [k e f E S i f h yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y vuf x yf a ygif ; oif ; um tMuif v if r ,m;tNzpf b0c&D ; vrf ; ud k
vufwGJavQmufvSrf;cJhonfrSm okH;vcefYyif tcsdefMumNrifhvmonf/
obm0"r® w mtwd k i f ; yd k i f p k u sif x H w G i f &if a oG ; i,f w pf a ,muf y#d o aE¨ & S d a eonf r S m vnf ;
ESpfvMumNrifhaeayNyD/
u0draemodkif;ynmrSm cufcJeufeJvSonfNzpf&m ydkifpkusifu pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf oifNyay;NyD; &SD;[kefuvnf;
MudK;pm;yrf;pm; oif,lavhusifhcJhonfhwdkif olYtzdkY e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufwGif &SpfuGufudkom
em;vnfao;onf/
xd k e m;vnf x m;onf h od k i f ; uG u f & S p f u G u f u d k y if yd k i f y d k i f E d k i f E d k i f od y f r &S d a o;bJ aeY p Of M uKd ; pm;um
avhusifhae&qJNzpfonf/

33
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wpfnaewGif aq;qdkifodrf;NyD;aemuf &SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkYESpfa,muf odkif;ynmavhusifhoifMum;rSK
NyKvkyf&ef Nyifqifaecdkuf csif;csif;onf tcef;xJodkY taNy;tvTm;yif a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]bmNzpfwmvJ ... csif;csif;}}
csif;csif;\ trlt&m xl;Ncm;aomaMumifh ydkifpkusifu ar;Nref;vdkufonf/
taNy;tvTm;vmcJh&aom csif;csif;onf arm[kdufae[efNzifh toufudkNyif;pGm&SLae&onf/ ydkifpkusif\
tar;udkvnf; taNzray;ao;bJ rsufvkH;MuD; tNyL;om;Nzifh ydkifpkusifudk Munhfaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGif xifhceJNzpfoGm;onf/
csif;csif;\ taMumif;udkvnf; ydkifpkusif aumif;aumif;odxm;onf/
csi;f csi;f onf aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT af ewwfonf/ pum;udk a[ma[m'dik ;f 'kid ;f aNymwwfonf/ rnfonf&h efou l rkd qdk
&J&J&ifh&ifh &ifqdkif&Jonf/
,ckcsif;csif;onf trlt&mysufavmufatmif Nzpfae&m xdwfvefYp&maumif;vSaom tNzpfwpfckck
MuKHawGUvmaMumif; raNymbJESifh odEdkifonf/
tEå&m,fonfvnf; ayghayghao;ao; tEå&m,fr[kwfEdkif/
]]rrav; ...}}
cPMumrS csif;csif;onf rdrdudk,frdrd tm;ay;onfhtoGifrsKd;Nzifh ydkifpkusifudk ac:vdkufonf/
]]NrefNrefaNymprf; csif;csif;? bmawGNzpfvmovJ}}
ydkifpkusifuvnf; odvdkpdwfESifhar;onf/
&SD;[kefrSm bmrQ0ifraNymbJ ydkifpkusifudk Munfhvdkuf? csif;csif;udkMunfhvdkufESifh wkefvSKyfacsmufcsm;íaeonf/
ta,mifaqmiform; &SD;[kefrSm e*dkuyif pdwfrvkHEdkifbJ &Sdae&m rvkHonfhtdk; wkwfESifhtxdk;cH&onfhtNzpfrsKd;
rMuKHap&ef renf;yif£aNE´qnfae&onf/
csif;csif;\ trlt&mysufaerSKonf rdrd\ [efaqmifZmwf&SKyfaMumifhayvm;[kvnf; pdwfxifhaeonf/
r&dk;raNzmifholrsm;onf tNrJyif pdk;wxdwfxdwfESifh ae&NrJr[kwfygvm;/
]]a[m'DrSm MunfhygOD;}}
csif;csif;u xdkokdYaNymNyD; ydkifpkusifudk ypönf;wpfck xkwfNyonf/
&SD;[kefuvnf; csif;csif;xkwfNyaom ypönf;udk Munfhvdkufonf/
a&TNym;0dik ;f av; wpfcNk zpfonf/ a&TNym;ay:wGif tNzLa&mif owåKwpfrsK;d Nzifh e*g;wpfaumif NrL;MuGaeonfyh u Hk kd
Nc,foxm;onf/
&SD;[keftzdkYawmh xdka&TNym;0dkif;av;onf bmrQrxl;Ncm;ay/
odkYaomf ydkifpkusifrSmrl xdka&TNym;0dkif;av;udk awGUvdkufonfESifh o&Jwapäudk awGYvdkuf&onfhES,f
rsufpdrsufESmysufum wkefvSKyfoGm;onf/
]]'g ... 'gudk ... eifb,fu &vmwmvJ[if}}
ydkifpkusifu toHwkefwkefav;ESifh csif;csif;udkar;onf/
]]qdkifoefY&Sif;a&;vkyfaewkef; wHcg;Mum;u &cJhwmyg? uRefrwdkY bmqufvkyfMurvJ[if rrav;}}
yd k i f p k u sif r S m csif ; csif ; \ tm;ud k ; wMuD ; ar;vd k u f o nf h tar;pum;ud k Nyef r aNzEd k i f / tem;&S d
xdkifckHwpfckay:wGifom aNcypfvufypf xdkifcsvdkufonf/
]]nDrpkusif .. bmudpöawG NzpfaewmvJ[if? wdkYudkvnf; today;ygOD;}}
&SD;[kefonf odvdkpdwfudk rsKdodyfrxm;EdkifawmhbJ xkwfazmfar;Nref;vdkufonf/
xdkokdYar;&if; csif;csif;udkvnf; wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkufrdonf/
csif;csif;xHrS pum;wpfpkHwpf&m Mum;&vdk Mum;&Nim; MunfhvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
cgwdkif;qdkvQif ESKwfoGuftmoGufESifh aNymqdkaewwfaom pum;tdk;rav; csif;csif;rSm ESKwfqdwfum
rsufESmi,fav;ESifh &Sdaeonf/
ydkifpkusifuom oufNyif;armwpfcsufcsum tm;wif;í NyeftaNzay;onf/

34
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Da&TNym;[m e*g;NzLa*[m&JU trSwfwHqdyfyJ tpfudk? 'Da&TNym;udk awGU&NyDqdkawmh e*g;NzLa*[mu azaz&JU
vl,kHawmfwpfa,mufu uRefrwdkYudk &SmawGUoGm;NyDqdkwJh oabmygyJ}}
]][m ... 'ku©ygyJ}}
&SD;[kefu tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
olY&ifxJwGif aeq,fpif;u wpfNydKifwnf; xGef;vif;vmonfhtvm; ylavmifpGm cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
taMumif;rSefudk od&onfwGif &SD;[kefrSm ta,mifaqmiform;wpfa,muf Nzpfonfhtwdkif; ydkifpkusifESifh
csif;csif;wdkYxufyif ydkí pdk;&drfaomursm;oGm;&onf/
yd k i f p k u sif E S i f h csif ; csif ; wd k Y vd k Y &d k ; om;um tawG U tMuKH e nf ; vS o nf h rd e f ; rysKd E S p f a ,muf u d k
y&d,m,ftoG,foG,fNzifh vSnfhpm;Edkifaomvnf; e*g;NzLa*[mrS tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufaeonfh odkif;orm;rsm;
a&mufvmygu rdrdtaMumif;awG bl;ay:ovdk ay:ukefrnfudk &SD;[kef tvGefyif pkd;&drfrdonf/
[efaqmifolwdkYonf udk,fhvdyfNymudk,frvkHatmif Nzpf&onfh oabmtwdkif; &SD;[kefrSm qifNzLrsufESm
qifrnf;rMunfh0Hhqdkovdk Nzpfae&onf/
ydkifpkusifonf pdk;&drfxdwfvefYaeonfh pdwfwdkYudk twwfEdkifqkH; wnfNidrfatmif xdef;vdkufum ...
]]tif;av ... tckvdk taNctaersKd; NzpfvmrSawmh xdwfvefYwkefvSKyfaevdkYvnf; bmxl;awmhrSmvJ?
pdwfyifyef;&kHyJ &Sdr,f? NzpfvmorQ taNctaeudk &ifqdkifMunfh&kHyJaygh}}
ydkifpkusifu tm;rmeftNynfhNzifh ay:aygufvmrnfh taNctaeudk &ifqdkif&ef aNymaomfvnf; &SD;[kefrSmum;
pdwfrat;Edkifay/
tvGefyif pkd;&drfylyefae&onf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS od k i f ; orm;a&muf v mNcif ; onf rd r d \ [ef a qmif r S K Zmwf v rf ; tqk H ; owf & rnf h
tNzpfayvm;[k &SD;[kefawG;ylae&onf/ ydkifpkusifESifh rdrdwdkY ausmcdkif;cGJcGm&rnfh tcsdefayvm;[kvnf; pdwfxJwGif
eifheifheJeJav; cHpm;ae&\/
xdkaeYntzdkY &SD;[kefonf aumif;pGm tdyfraysmfEdkifcJhay/
aemufwpfaeYeHeufwGif csif;csif;onf olr\ aeYpOfNyKNrJtwdkif; aps;Ncif;awmif;udkqGJum aps;odkYoGm;onf/
odkYaomf aps;rSNyefvmonfh csif;csif;\ Ncif;awmif;xJwGif rnfonfhypönf;rQ ygrvmcJhay/
rsufESmrSmvnf; idkawmhrnfhtoGif n§dK;&dyfqifaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ tdrfav;onf ESpfcef;wGJ tdrfi,fav; Nzpfonf/ wpfcef;udk aq;qdkiftNzpf tokH;csxm;um
usefwpfcef;uawmh ydkifpkusif\ tdyfcef;Nzpfonf/
rD;zdkcef;udk tdyfcef;em;wGif uwfuwfowfowf zGJYxm;NyD; xdktcef;xJwGifyif csif;csif;u tdyf&onf/
tdrfxJodkY0ifonfh wHcg;rSm aq;qdkifbufwGifwpfck? ydkifpkusifwdkY\ tdyfcef;bufwGif wpfck pkpkaygif;
ESpfck&Sdonf/
aq;qdkifbufrS wHcg;onf yifrwHcg;Nzpfí MuD;onf/ us,fonf/ ydkifpkusifwkdY\ tdyfcef;bufrS wHcg;rSmrl
rvG,fwHcg;rsKd;Nzpfum ao;onf/ i,fonf/
csif;csif;onf cgwdik ;f 0ifxu G af eusNzpfaom aq;qdik b f uf&dS wHcg;rMuD;rS r0ifbJ ydik pf u
k sifwYkd tdycf ef;buf&dS
rvG,fwHcg;rS 0ifvmonf/
tdyfcef;xJwGif ydkifpkusifwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdaeonf/ csif;csif;onf aps;Ncif;awmif;tvGwfudk
ypfcsxm;cJhNyD; ydkifpkusifteD;okdY wdk;uyfoGm;onf/
]]uRefr aps;toGm;rSm tpfudkav; [kd,kqefeJY awGUcJhw,f rrav;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk avoHwkd;wkd;Nzifh aNymonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfvm;}}
ydkifpkusif\ avoHuawmh cyfat;at;yif/ r&kef;omrz,fomaom taNctaewGif NzpfvmorQudk MuHhMuHhcH
&ifqdkifaNz&Sif;vdkufrnf[k qkH;Nzwfxm;NyD; Nzpf[efwlonf/
rdrdwdkYudk aNc&mcHrdoGm;olonf [kd,kqefNzpfEdkifaMumif;vnf; ydkifpkusif awG;rdxm;NyD; Nzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh csif;csif;\ pum;udk Mum;&onfhtcgwGif ydkifpkusifrSm odyftHhMordNcif; r&Sday/
35
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]olu tpfukd &SD;[keftaMumif;awG aNymNyw,f}}
]]bmawG aNymNyovJ}}
apmapmu pdwfwnfNidrfatmif zefwD;xm;Edkifaom ydkifpkusifrSm rdrdcspfvif &SD;[keftaMumif;ygvmaomtcg
tenf;i,f vSKyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
csi;f csi;f onf pum;rqufao;bJ aq;qdik Ef iS hf tdycf ef;udk Ncm;xm;onfh eH&eH m;odYk aNcazmhum csO;f uyfomG ;NyD;
aq;qdkifcef;xJ&Sd &SD;[kef\ taNctaeudk acsmif;aNrmif;tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/
&SD;[kefudk qdkifcef;vSnf;usif;um qdkifzGifh&ef NyifqifaeaMumif; awGU&onf/
&SD;[kefudk tuJcwfMunfhNyD;rS csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusif&Sd&modkY Nyefvmonf/
xdkYaemuf [kd,kqefaNymNycJhonfh &SD;[keftaMumif;rsm;udk Nyefvnf aNymNyvdkufonf/
xdktaMumif;rsm;onf zsHMuD;&SD;[kef\ y&d,m,frsm;ykH? uvdefusykHtaMumif;rsm;yif Nzpfonf/ xdkYNyif
odkif;ynm&vdkrSKtwGuf rdrdtcspfudk ckwkH;vkyfum oufyif;olvQKdvkyfaeaMumif; ydkifpkusif odvdkuf&Nyefonf/
csif;csif;xHrS Mum;od&rSKrsm;onf ydkifpkusif\ &ifudk ylavmifaponf/ ESvkH;om;udk avmifNrdKufaponf/
tonf;udk wpfppD aMurGoGm;aponf/
em;axmif&if; ,lusKH;r&Nzpfrdonf/ r,kHEdkifatmifvnf; cHpm;&onf/
]][kwf&JUvm; csif;csif;&,f? eifMum;cJh&wmawGu [kwfEdkifyghrvm;}}
tcspfukd ud;k pm;NyD; rdr\
d wpfb0vk;H yktH yfxm;rdaom ydik pf u k sifrmS tcspfpw
d rf ysufoOk ;f Edik cf /hJ csif;csif;onf
rdrdtm; r[kwfrrSefonfudk aNymrnfr[kwfrSef; odygvsuf idkoHygav;ESifh oHo,tar; ar;rdonf/
]]'DtaMumif;awGudk od&&if eifhrrav;u ,kHrSmr[kwfbl;? 'gaMumifh eifhrrav; ighudkvmawGUNyD;
udk,fwdkifar;vdkYawmif tpfukdav; [kd,kqefu rSmvdkufao;w,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ rsufvkH;tdrfxJrS rsuf&nfrsm; ,dkpD;usvmawmhonf/
tcspfudk MunfEl;ESpfodrfhzG,f&mtNzpf xifrSwfaecJhaom ydkifpkusifrSm tcspf\ ylaqG;rSKudkvnf;
cHpm;MuKHawGU&avNyD/
]]tJ'D taMumif;udk [kdvludk owday;vdkYawmh rNzpfao;bl;aemf rrav;}}
rdr\d cifyeG ;f onfudk ]tpfu}kd [k ac:aecJ&h mrS ][kv
d }l [k aNymif;vJac:a0:vdu k of nfh csi;f csi;f \ pdr;f um;aom
pum;tokH;tESKef;udk ydkifpkusif owdNyKrdvdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifrSm &ifeifhoGm;&onf/ udk,fhrJu Nymaeaomtcg ydkifpkusif bmrQraNymomcJh/
]]tpfudkav; [kd,kqef aNymwJhpum;awGudk eifu trSefawGvdkY ,kHovm; csif;csif;}}
ydkifpkusifu rsufvkH;tdrfrS rsuf&nfrsm;udk yk0gNzifhokwf&if; ar;onf/
]]rrav;&,f ... 'DvdkudpörsKd;udk tpfudkav; [kd,kqefu vdrfnmvkyfMuHNyD; aNymrwJhvm;}}
]][kd,kqefu rpm;&wJhtrJ oJeJYyufwJh oabmrsKd; aNymwmaum rNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
[kd,kqefonf onfvdkvlpm;rsKd; r[kwfaMumif;udk ydkifpkusif aumif;aumif;odxm;onf/
odkYaomf a&epfolonf aumuf&dk;rQifudkyif tm;udk;wMuD; qkyfudkifbdouJhodkY vkyfrdvkyf&m aNymrdaNym&m
aNymvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusif\ ESvkH;om;u &SD;[kefudk vlqkd;wpfa,muf[k vufrcHvdkay/ r,kHvdkay/
]]uRefrvnf; 'DtaMumif;awG[m wu,fr[kwfbJ txiftNrif vGJrSm;NyD; aNymwmawG NzpfygapvdkY
qkawmif;rdygw,f rrav;&,f}}
]][if; ...}}
ydkifpkusifu oufNyif;arm wpfcsuf csvdkufav\/
xrif;Nzpfatmif csufNyKwfNyD;aom qefudk qeftNzpfokdY Nyefa&mufatmif vkyfír&awmhouJhokdY ydkifpkusif\
b0rSmvnf; rnfokdYrQ NyefvnfNyKNyifí r&Edkifawmhay/ rdrd\ b0a&SUc&D;onf arSmifydef;aeonfudk ydkifpkusif
Nrifa,mifrdonf/
apmapmydkif;u txd ysm;&nfqrf;xm;ovdk csKdNrdefaecJhonfh ydkifpkusif\ b0vrf;c&D;rSm ,ckawmh
wpfrsKd;wpfauGU aNymif;vJum cg;oD;í vm&ayNyD/
36
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
þudpörsm;twGuf rnfolYudk tNypfwif&rnfenf;/
vSnfhpm;wwfol &SD;[kefudkvm;/
&SD;[kef\ vSnfhpm;rSKudk rdkufrdkufrJrJ ,kHMunfrdol rdrdukd,fudkvm;/
rdrdb0udk wnfNidrfapvdkaom apwemNzifh Mum;0ifumvSKyf&Sm;ay;cJhol csif;csif;udkvm;/
taMumif;zefvmonfh b0uHMur®mudkvm;/
rnfoYkd rQ NyefvnfNyKNyifí r&Edik af wmhonfh taNctaewGif &S;D [ke\ f tNypfrsm;udk tcspfEiS hf zk;H um [efrysuf
qufvufNyD; aysmf&Tifcsrf;aNrUonfh tdrfaxmifpkav;tNzpf aexdkifoGm;vQif NzpfEdkifaumif;rnf[kvnf; ydkifpkusifu
r&Jw&J awG;vdkufrdonf/
olUtaMumif;awGudk tukeftpif odaeNyD[k ydkifpkusif pdwful;,Ofum wnfaqmufxm;cJhonfh
tdrfaxmifpkav; NydKuGJoGm;rnf/ arG;zGm;vmrnfh ydkifpkusif\ &ifaoG;tzdkYvnf; zcifukd odEdkifawGUEdkifawmhrnf
r[kwf/
vS n f h p m;wwf a vol &S D ; [k e f t ay: ppf r S e f o ef Y pif o nf h arwå m ud k xm;cJ h r d o nf h yd k i f p k u sif r S m
aNzrqnfEdkifatmifyif aomua0'em cHpm;ae&onf/
wpfzufcef;&Sd &SD;[kefonf qdkifoefY&Sif;a&;rsm; NyKvkyfNyD;onfESifh aq;ykvif;rsm;udk cif;usif;um aq;qdkifudk
zGifhonf/
xdkYaemuf aeYpOfNyKNrJwdkif; aiGodrf;pm;yGJwGif xdkifum aq;0,fvmrnfhvludk apmifhvifhaeonf/
xdkokdYxdkif&if; ,refaeUnaeu &&SdcJhaom a&TNym;ESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;rsm;udk pOf;pm;aeonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;a&mufvmvQif rdrd\[efaqmifrSKrsm; ray:ayguf&atmif rnfokdYrnfykH
aNymqdk&vQif aumif;rnfenf;[kvnf; tMuHxkwfaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif qdkifxJodkY vlESpfa,muf 0ifa&mufvmonf/
wpf a ,muf u 00yk y k ? wpf a ,muf u yd e f y d e f y g;yg;/ ES p f a ,muf v k H ; OD ; xk y f M uD ; rsm;ud k
cyfidkufidkufaqmif;xm;Muonf/
cyfidkufidkufaqmif;xm;aom 0g;OD;xkyfMuD;rsm;u rsufESmwpfNcrf;cefYudk tkyfaeonf/
&kwfw&ufMunfhvQif rsufESmoGifNyifudk rNrifEdkifay/
]]b,fvdkaq;0g;awG tvdk&SdygovJ cifAsm}}
&SD;[kefu ysLysLiSmiSmyif aps;MudKpum; qdkvdkufonf/
]]b,fvdkvJ zsHMuD;? igwdkYudkawmif rif;u rrSwfrdawmhbl;vm;}}
ykyk00vlu toHcyftkyftkyfNzifh aNymonf/
]]b,frSwfrdawmhrSmvJ? 'Daumifhu ZeD;tacsmtvS&NyD; rdk;rNrifavrNrif Nzpfaewmudk;? [J ... [J ... [J}}
&SD;[kefrSm þtcgwGifrS xdkvlESpfa,mufudk rSwfrdum tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;awmhonf/
xdkvlESpfa,mufonf &SD;[kef\ taygif;toif; odkif;orm;rsm; NzpfMuayonf/
xdkvlESpfa,muf\ aNympum;rsm;udk ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYMum;oGm;rnfudkvnf; &SD;[kefu
awG;vefYaeonf/
]][m ... tpfudkMuD;wdkYygvm;}}
&SD;[kefonf pdwfxJwGif Nzpfay:aeonfh xdwfvefYrSKudk ray:vGif&atmif xdef;odrf;&if; avoHrSefrSefeJY
NyefaNymonf/
]]rif;u igwdkYudk rSwfrdom;yJudk;? uJ ... uJ ... q&mMuD;cdkif;xm;wJh udpöuaum}}
00ykyk vlMuD;u ESKwfcrf;axmifh wGefY&kHrQ NyKH;&,fum aNymonf/
]]atmifNrifcgeD;aeygNyDAsm? pdwfomcsaeMuyg}}
]]taNymuawmh [kwfayhuGm? rif;aNymwmudk igwdkYu ,kH&rSmvm;}}
]]uRefawmfrvdrf0Hhygbl;? trSeftwdkif; aNymwmyg}}
]][kwfNyD ... 'gqdk&if q&mMuD; vdktyfaewJh ypöönf;udk tckyJ ay;vdkufprf;? igwdkY 'DrSm MumMumraeEdkifbl;}}
]][kd ... [kd ... wpfckawmh awmif;yefyg&ap? 'Dae&mrSm ...}}
37
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aMomf ... aMomf rif;&JU zsHusykHawGudk ZeD;acsmav; odoGm;rSmpdk;&drfw,faygh [kwfp ...}}
&S;D [kerf mS þtaNymrsKd;udk oabmrusaomfvnf; rwwfomonfh taNctaerdYk rcsdomG ;NzJyif NyKH;vdu k &f onf/
NyKH;om NyKH;vdkuf&onf? &SD;[keftNyKH;wGif toufrygay/
]]'gNzifh igwdkY b,fuaeapmifh&rvJ}}
ydefydefyg;yg;vlu cyfaxhaxhNyKH;um ar;onf/
]]NrdKUNyifu a>rewfom; Z&yfrSm oGm;apmifhaeMuygvm;? uRefawmfvdkufvmcJhyghr,f}}
&SD;[kefu ysmysmovJyif aNymvdkufonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... igwdkYoGm;apmifhaer,f? tNrefqkH;omvmcJh}}
xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf ESpfa,mufom; qdkiftNyifbufodkY avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/
þtcgwGifrS &SD;[kefonf oufNyif;armMuD;udk [l;ceJcsNyD; ezl;wGifpdkYaeaom acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;udk
vufzrdk;ESifh oyfum okwfypfvkdufonf/
wpfcsdefwnf;wGif &SD;[kefonf qdkiftwGif;bufqDodkY vSrf;um ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif; &Sdaerae
tuJcwfMunfhonf/
rnfolUt&dyfta,mifrQ rawGU&onfhtwGuf &SD;[kefrSm tawmfav; pdwfat;vufat; NzpfoGm;onf/
]]nDr pkusifa& ...}}
&SD;[kefu avoHat;at;NzpfatmifNyKNyD; ZeD;onfudk vSrf;ac:onf/
ydkifpkusifonf qdkifcef;xJodkY avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufvmonf/ olrtvGefESpfoufaom tNzLa&mif0wfpkHudk
0wfqifxm;onf/
]]bmvJ tpfudk ... tNyifoGm;p&m &SdvdkYvm;}}
tNyifokdYoGm;&ef taMumif;&Smum aNymcsifaeaom &SD;[keftzdkY ydkifpkusif\ tar;pum;aMumifh
vrf;aMumif;&oGm;onf/
]][kwfw,f ... nDr? qdkiftwGuf vkdaewJh aq;NrpfoGm;&Sm&if aumif;rvm;vdkYyg}}
]][kwfuJh ... tckvdk qdkifrSm vl&Sif;aewkef; vdkwmav;awG xGuf0,fwm tqifaNywmaygh? odyfawmh
tcsdefrMumapeJYaemf? NrefNrefNyefvmcJh}}
]]pdwfcsyg? tNrefqkH; NyefvmcJhyghr,f}}
vdyNf ymrvkaH om &S;D [keo
f nf ydik pf u
k sifEiS hf MumMum rsufEmS csif;rqdik v
f akd omaMumifh cyfow k o
f w k yf if qdik x
f rJ S
xGufcGmoGm;onf/
&SD;[kef qdkifxJrSxGufoGm;onfESifh ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udk vSrf;ac:\/
]]csif;csif; NrefNrefvmcJhprf;}}
]][kwfuJh rrav; ...}}
Nyefxl;oHESifh ra&S;raESmif;yif ydkifpkusiftem;okdY csif;csif;a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]tpfudk&SD;[kefaemufudk tNrefaemufa,mifcHNyD; vdkufoGm;prf;? eifaemufa,mifcHvdkufwmudk r&dyfrdapeJY}}
]][kwfuJh ... rrav;}}
csif ; csif ; onf aNymNyD ; onf E S i f h &S D ; [k e f \ aemuf r S aemuf a ,mif c H v d k u f & ef cyf o G u f o G u f a v;
xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/

a>rewfom;Z&yfonf NrdKUaNrmufbuftpGefwGif wnf&Sdavonf/


þZ&yfwGif vlolpnfum;Ncif; odyfr&SdvSay/ ,ckvdk reufydkif; tcsdefrsKd;wGifawmh vlwpfa,mufwavrQyif
vmavhr&Sday/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; &SD;[kefu þae&mukd a&G;cs,fum csdef;qdkvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
Z&yfay:okdY &SD;[kef wufvdkufonfESifh &e,fwdkifrsm;ay:rS 0g;OD;xkyfMuD;rsm; udk,fpD aqmif;xm;onfh
ykyk00 vlwpfa,mufESifh ydefydefyg;yg; vlwpfa,mufwkdY ckefqif;vmMuonf/

38
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]b,frSmvJ ypönf;}}
Z&yfMurf;Nyifay: aNccsrdonfESifh ykyk00vlu ar;onf/
]]ygvmygw,f}}
&SD;[kefu xdkodkYaNymNyD;aemuf tusÐtdwfxJrS txkyfav; wpfxkyfudk xkwf,lum urf;ay;vdkufonf/
00ykyv k ul xdt k xkyu f kd vSr;f ,lvu
kd rf nfq
h q
J J tcsed rf mS yif &S;D [ke\
f pdwx
f wJ iG f xl;Ncm;csuw f pfck &Sad eaumif;
&Sdaernfudk owdNyKrdonfhtwGuf urf;ay;xm;aom vufudk csufcsif;yif Nyef&kyfvdkufonf/
xdkolESpfa,mufonf rdrdESifhcsdef;qdkxm;olrsm; r[kwfEdkifaMumif; tuJcwfrdvdkufonfhtwGuf &SD;[kefu
urf;xm;aom vufudk Nyef&kyfvdkufNcif; Nzpfavonf/
0wfykHpm;ykHESifh udk,fvkH;udk,fxnfcsif; wlnDaomfvnf; xdkolESpfa,mufonf &SD;[kef wpfcgrQ rNrifzl;aom
rsufESmpdrf;rsm; Nzpfaeonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkY b,folawGvJ}}
&SD;[kefu ar;vdkufonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... &SD;[kef? rif;u tawmftuif;yg;wmyJudk;}}
00ykykvlu aNymaNymqdkqdk "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwfí &SD;[keftm; okH;csufqifhum ckwfydkif;vdkufonf/
&SD;[kefrSmvnf; owdNzifh toifh&SdaeolNzpfonfhtwdkif; "m;csufrsm;udk vGwfatmif a&SmifvdkufEdkifonf/
ydefydefyg;yg;vluvnf; "m;&Snfudk qGJxkwfNyD; wdkufyGJ0ifvmonf/
&SD;[kefrSm aq;Nrpf0,f&ef[laom taMumif;NycsufNzifh tdrfrSxGufvmcJhaomaMumifh vufeufygrvmcJhay/
"m;orm;ESpfa,muf\ wdkufcdkufrSKudk vufeufrJhNzifhom &ifqdkifckcH&onf/
"m;&dyf"m;a,mifrsm;u &SD;[kefudk vTrf;rdk;xm;onf/
wpfzufvlESpfa,muf\ odkif;ynmrSm &SD;[kefxuf omvGefonf/ xdkYNyifvufeufudk,fpDvnf;
udkifaqmifxm;Muonfh twGuf wpfyef;omaeonf/
&SD;[kefrSm "m;csufrsm;tMum;wGif tvl;tvJyif cHae&onf/
rdrdtaeNzifh wpfzufvl ESpfa,muf\ "m;csufrsm;udk ckcH&ef rvG,fawmhaMumif; &SD;[kefem;vnfonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SD;[kefrSm rwwfomawmhyJ e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudk xkwfokH;&avawmhonf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmwGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGuf &Sdonfhteuf &SD;[kefonf odkif;uGuf&SpfuGufudkom
em;vnfxm;onf/ ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifum; avhusifhEdkifNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
odkY&mwGif tusOf;tusyf taNctae MuKHawGUvmNyDrdkY &SD;[kefrSm rwwfomawmhyJ wwfaNrmufxm;orQaom
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudkom xkwfokH;ckcH&avawmhonf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmonf wu,fyif tpGrf;tp xufNrufaom odkif;ynmNzpfay;onf/
&SD;[keftaeNzifh odyfydkifydkifEdkifEkdif r&Sdao;aom okdif;uGuf&SpfuGufNzifhyif wpfzufvl ESpfa,muf\ wdkufppfudk
ckcHwm;qD; EdkifcJhonf/
&SD;[kefu e*g;NzL u0draemodkif;ynm xkwfokH;vdkufonfudk awGU&aomtcg wpfzufvlESpfa,mufrSm
tawmfyif vSKyfvSKyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;Muonf/
]][m ... 'Daumifhudk 'Dtwdkif;xm;vdkY rNzpfawmhbl;? tNywfacsrSKef;ypfrS Nzpfr,f}}
00ykykvlu aNymonf/
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f}}
xdkYaemuf olwdkYESpfa,muf\ "m;csufrsm;onf ydkrdkNrefqef oGufvufvmonf/
apmapmuESifh bmrQrqdkifawmh/ Nyif;xefMurf;wrf;vSaom "m;csufrsm;u rdk;oD;rdk;aygufawGvdk
wpfcsufNyD;wpfcsuf &SD;[kef\ udk,fay:odkY usa&mufvmMuonf/
&SD;[kef tusOf;tusyf awGY&NyD/
olem;vnfoabmaygufxm;NyD;Nzpfonfh e*g;NzLu0draemodik ;f uGuf &Spu f uG rf mS tvGet f pGr;f xufNrufaom
odkif;uGufrsm; Nzpfaomfvnf; avhusifhrSK rydkifEdkifao;aomaMumifh olYtaeNzifh tpGrf;tpNynfh0atmif
tokH;rcsEdkifao;ay/
39
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkif;uGufpGrf;&nf q,fykHwGif ESpfykHcefYom xkwfokH;Edkifao;onf/
xdkYaMumifh wdkufckdufrSK t&Sdeft[kef Nr§ifhwifvmaom wpfzufvlESpfa,muf\ "m;csufrsm;udk b,fvdkrS
rckcHrumuG,f Edkifawmh/
&SD;[keftaeNzifh "m;csuftxdcH&awmhrnfh taNctaersKd; qdkufa&mufvmavNyD/
]][dwf ... &yfvdkufMuprf;? &SifwdkYu b,folawGvJ}}
&S;D [kew
f pfa,muf "m;csuftxdc&H awmhrnfq h qJ J tcsderf mS yif atmf[pfaNymqdo
k EH iS t
hf wl vl&yd o f P²mefwpfck
Z&yfay:odkY ckefvTm;wufvmonf/
ckefvTm;wufvmonfrSm NrefqefvSaomaMumifh rnfolrnf0gNzpfonfudk oJoJuGJuGJ rNrifEdkifaomfvnf;
toHrSmrl csif;csif;\toHNzpfaMumif; &SD;[kefodvdkufonf/
csif;csif; a&mufvmNyDrdkY rdrdtzdkY toufab;tEå&m,f r&SdEdkifawmhaomfvnf; rdrdtaMumif;awG trSeftwdkif;
odoGm;vQif[laom tawG;Nzifh &SD;[kefrSm ausm&dk;pdrfhatmifyif xdwfvefYoGm;rdonf/
]]igwdkY oGm;MupdkY}}
csif;csif; Z&yfay:odkYwufvmonfudk NrifonfESifh 00ykykvlu olUtazmfudk aNymvdkufonf/
xkdokdYaNym&if; OD;xkyfudkvnf; ydkí cyfidkufidkufNzpfatmif qGJcsvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf ykyk00ESifh ydefydefyg;yg;vlwdkYonf vSpfceJyif aNy;xGufoGm;Muonf/
ydefydefyg;yg;vlonf Z&yftNyifodkY aNy;txGufwGif nmvufudk qwfceJ vSKyf&Sm;vdkuf&m ]0Spf} ceJ
toHESifhtwl vufeufykef;wpfcku &SD;[kefxHokdY wef;0ifoGm;onf/
xdkol\ vufeufykef;ypfcwfrSKonf vsifNrefvGef;vSonfh tNyif&SD;[kefrSmvnf; wpfzufvlrsm;
qkwfcGmxGufaNy;ukefMuNyD[k xifum owdayghavsmhaeonf NzpfaomaMumifh rnfokdYrQ a&Smifwdrf;Ncif; rNyKEdkifay/
]]tm; ...}}
&SD;[kefrsm vufeufykef; txdcH&um yg;pyfrS emusifpGm atmf[pf&if;vJusoGm;onf/
vufeufykef;wGif Nyif;xefaom tqdyfyg&SdaMumif; od&onfhtwGuf &SD;[kefrSm tvGefxdwfvefYoGm;onf/
&SD;[kef\ em;xJwGif csif;csif;\ pdk;&drfwMuD; atmf[pfvdkufoHudk Mum;&onf/
aemufawmh ...
bmudkrQ rodEdkifawmhay/
ydkifpkusifonf aq;qdkifcef;xJwGif acgufwkHYacgufNyef vrf;avQmufíaeonf/
olr\pdwfrSmvnf; txl;yif vSKyf&Sm;aeonf/
pdwfav;ovdkvdkvnf; cHpm;ae&onf/
ydkifpkusifonf tvGef&dk;om;um opömw&m;MuD;rm;vSoluav; Nzpfonf/ rsufESmvnf; rrsm;vdk/
tcspfvnf; ryGm;vdk/
wpfa,mufqkdwpfa,muf aowyefoufwqkH; pGJpGJNrJNrJ vufwGJoGm;csifonf/
&SD;[kefukdvnf; wu,fcspfonf/
rdrdwu,fcspfNrwfEdk;&olu y&d,m,ftoG,foG,fESifh [efaqmifaumif;ol NzpfaeaMumif;udk od&onfhtcg
ydkifpkusifrSm tvGefyif pdwfxdcdkufae&onf/
cspf&olESifhtwl vufwGJum csrf;aNrYMunfEl;zG,f&m tdrfaxmifpkav; zefwD;&ef MudK;pm;onfrSm
bmrQrMumao;/ aMuuGJemMunf;p&mrsm;u &ifyGifhrwwf cHpm;ae&avNyD/
ydkifpkusiftzdkY tpm;xdk;ír&Edkifaom qkH;&SKH;rSKudk &ifqdkifae&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNcoHoGufoGufrsm; Mum;&NyD; qdkifcef;xJodkY csif;csif;taNy;yif 0ifa&mufvmonf/
csif;csif;\ ykckH;xufwGif aysmhacGaeaom &SD;[kefudk xrf;vmonf/
]][if ... b,fvdkNzpfvmwmvJ? tpfukd&SD;[kef bmNzpfvdkYvJ? aNymprf;ygOD; ... aNymprf;ygOD;? toufrS
&Sdao;&JUvm;}}
ydkifpkusifu ysmysmovJ ar;vdkufonf/

40
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tqdyfvufeufykef; txdcH&NyD; owdvpfaewmyg? toufawmh&Sdygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh pkd;&drf&w,f?
tqdyf'Pf tawmfNyif;w,f}}
csif;csif;u NyefaNzonf/
armarmESifh aNz&aomaMumifh csif;csif;\ pum;rsm;rSmvnf; odyfoJoJuGJuGJ r&Sday/
csif;csif;onf &SD;[kefudk tdyfcef;xJodkY xrf;ac:oGm;&m ydkifpkusifvnf; aemufrSvdkufygoGm;onf/
tdyfcef;xJ&Sd ckwifay:wGif &SD;[kefukd oufawmifhoufom vJavsmif;vsufom;&Sdatmif wifay;NyD;aemuf
csif;csif;u NzpfysufykHudk aNymNyonf/
]]olu a>rewfom;Z&yfrmS vlEpS af ,mufeYJ awGUw,f? tJ'v D al wGukd a[m'Dtxkyf ay;r,fvyk Nf yD;rS bmNzpfvYkdvJ
rodbl;? ray;awmhbJ vufNyef&kyfw,f? [kdvlESpfa,mufu olYudk wdkufcdkufMuw,f? uRefru toHay;NyD; Z&yfay:
ckefwufoGm;awmh [kdvlESpfa,mufu aemufqkwfaNy;oGm;Muw,f? qkwftaNy;rSm vufeufykef;eJY ypfcwfoGm;wmyJ}}
csif;csif;u txkyfudk aNzMunfhvdkuf&m teufa&mif om;a&zkH;xm;onfh pmtkyfav;wpftkyf xGufvmonf/
ydkifpkusif tHhMooGm;um pmtkyfuav;udk zGifhzwfMunfhvdkufonf/
pmtk y f x J w G i f a&;xm;onf r sm;ud k zwf M unf h r d a omtcg yd k i f p k u sif r S m rsuf & nf a wG wawG a wG
usqif;vmonf/ pdwfESvkH;rSmvnf; MudrfrD;tkH;onfhyrm ylNyif;avmifNrdKufí vmonf/
xdkpmtkyfav;xJwGif &SD;[kefudk oifNyay;cJhaom e*g;NzL u0draemodkif;uGuf &SpfuGuftMumif;udk
aoaocsmcsm NynfhNynfhpkHpkH a&;om;xm;onf/
ydkifpkusifu xdkokdif;uGufrsm;udk &SD;[keftm; oifNyay;pOfu ESKwfwdkufom &Sif;vif;aNymNycJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
pmNzifh rSwfom;xm;Ncif; rNyKcdkif;cJhay/
,ck þpmtkyfav;xJwGif odkif;uGufrsm;udk aoaocsmcsm &Sif;vif;a&;om; azmfNyxm;onfrSm
tNcm;wpfpkHwpfa,mufudk wpfqifhay;urf;zdkY&ef NzpfonfuvGJí tNcm;taMumif;r&Sday/
&SD;[kefukd xkdokdif;uGuf oifMum;ay;cJhpOfu þodkif;uGufrsm;onf rdrdwdkY rsKd;qufodkif;ynmrsm;
NzpfaomaMumifh txl;vQKdU0Sufxm;&ef ydkifpkusif aoaocsmcsm aNymNyxm;cJhonf/
&S D ; [k e f v k y f y k H r S m tMuD ; tus,f opö m azmuf o nf h oabmrsKd ; Nzpf a eonf / [k d , k q ef \
owif;pum;rsm;udkvnf; ydkifpkusifNiif;y,fr&atmif Nzpfvmawmhonf/
]]ol[m ighqDu 'Dodkif;ynmawGudk &zdkY wpfa,mufa,muf&JU apcdkif;csuft& vkyfaecJhwmudk;? olY&JU
rsufESmzkH;awGu 'DaeYrS tukefuGmus ukefawmhw,f? olu ighudkcspfw,fqdkwmuaum wu,f[kwfyghrvm;?
[efaqmifNyD; y&d,m,fqifaewmrsm;vm;}}
ydkifpkusifrSm aNzrqnfEdkifatmif Nzpfae&&Smonf/
]]ol ... ol ... tqdyfoifhaewm ukvdkY &Edkifyghrvm;}}
csif;csif;u ykdifpkusifudk r&Jw&Jav; ar;vdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifu tqdyf'PfaMumifh ndKrnf;aeNyD; Nzpfaom &SD;[kef\ rsufESmudk wpfcsufMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]olYvufrSm e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef; txdcH&NyD; tqdyfoifhw,f qdkwm eifvnf;odom;yJ? okH;&uftwGif;
aNzaq;&&ifawmh touf&SifEdkifr,f? okH;&uftwGif; aNzaq;r&&ifawmh aozdkYyJ&Sdw,f? [if; ...}}
b0ESifh tcspfukdyg &if;ESD;um cHpm;ae&onfh a0'emtarmudk oufomvdkoufomNim; ydkifpkusifu
oufNyif;wpfcsufcsrdonf/
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusifudk pmemonfh tMunfhNzifh Munfhum ...
]]rrav;[m olYa,mufsm;tay:rSm tckxufxd tcspfravsmhao;bJudk;? 'Dvlu ta,mifaqmifNyD;
vSnfhpm;cJhwmudkawmif remMunf;Edkifbl;? tckudpörSm 'Dvl&JU ta,mifaqmifrSKudk ocifMuD;wdkY e*g;NzLa*[mu
odoGm;vdkYvlvTwfNyD; qkH;racsrSKef;NzpfzdkY rsm;w,f? at;av ... aNymr,fhomaNym&w,f? iguaum bmxl;vdkYvJ?
'D v l & J Y ta,mif a qmif r S K ud k od v suf o m;eJ Y awmif ol Y ud k tEÅ & m,f M um;u u,f w if N yD ; td r f t a&muf
xrf;ac:vmcJhao;wm r[kwfvm;? olu b,favmufyJ qdk;qdk; igwdkYtaeeJYuawmh olYtay: r&ufpufEdkifygbl;}}

41
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;\ pdwfxJwGif awG;awmvdkufrd\/ wpfqufwnf;yif ydkifpkusiftm; ...
]]e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; tqd y f N yif ; xef r S e f ; awmh uRef r od y gw,f ? 'gayr,f h 'D a vmuf t xd
Nyif;xefr,fvdkYawmh rxifrdbl;? tqdyfaNzzdkY aNzaq;uaum azmfpyfvkdY &Edkifrvm;}}
ydkifpkusifu acgif;udk Nznf;av;pGm cg,rf;Nyonf/
]]'gqdk&if aNzaq; b,frSm &Edkifw,fqdkwmudkaum odvm;[if}}
]]odygw,f ... 'gayr,fh aNzaq;&zkdYu rvG,fbl;}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}
csif;csif;rSm &SD;[kefudk ta,mifaqmiform;wpfa,muf NzpfaMumif; odaeNyDNzpfaomfvnf; ydkifpkusifESifh
ywf o uf í oH a ,mZOf tawmf t oif h &S d a eaomaMumif h yd k i f p k u sif \ pum;ud k Mum;&onf w G i f
pdwfraumif;NzpfoGm;&onf/
]]'gNzifh oltqdyf'PfcHae&wmudk uRefrwdkYu 'Dtwdkif; xdkifMunfhae&awmhrSmaygh aemf}}
csif;csif;rSm pum;aNym&if; idkoHygvmonf/
ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udk bmrQNyefraNymbJ awGa0ai;idkifaeonf/
vlu Nidrfoufaeaomfvnf; ydkifpkusif OD;aESmufxJwGifawmh tMuD;tus,f tvkyfvkyfaeonf/
&SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusifudk vSnfhpm;um arwåmudk t&,lcJhonf/ ydkifpkusif\ rsKd;quf odkif;ynmudkyif
tNcm;olrsm;vufodkY wdwfwqdwfay;tyf&eftxd MuH&G,f vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
,ckvdk tqdyfoifhNcif;onf &SD;[keftwGuf rdrd\ rdkufNypf'Pfudk NyefcH&Ncif; Nzpfonf[k qdkEdkifonf/
yd k i f p k u sif t zd k Y &S D ; [k e f u d k wl ; wl ; cg;cg;yif rk e f ; wD ; um ol U tNypf o l & S d y gap[k onf w d k i f ;
vspfvsL&SKxm;vdkufcsifonf/
odkY&mwGif ...
cspfNcif;arwåmonf tvGefqef;Mu,fonf/
ESpfESpfumum cspfrdoludk rnfrQMuD;aom tNypf&SdonfNzpfap rrkef;Edkif? rrkef;&uf/ tppt&m&mudk
cGifhvTwfEdkifonfh pGrf;tm; &Sdaeonf/
wu,fcspfvQif tNypfrNrif[líyif qdkMuonf r[kwfygvm;/
ydik pf uk siof nf &S;D [keu f kd rke;f ypfvu
dk cf sio
f nf/ arhypfvu
kd cf siof nf/ wwfEikd rf nfqv
kd Qif &S;D [keEf iS hf ywfoufí
NzpfysufcJhorQudk tdyfrufoabmrsKd; xm;vdkufcsifonf/
odkY&mwGif wpfoufwGif wpfcgqdkovdk olr\ &ifxJwGif ESpfESpfumum cspfrdonfh oHa,mZOf pdwfudkawmh
ydkifpkusifrSm b,fvdkrS vTrf;rdk;ausmfNzwfNcif; rNyKEdkif/
&SD;[kefudk qufvufcspfaeNrJ cspfae&ygOD;rnf/
&SD;[keftwGuf ylaqG;aomuudk cHpm;ae&OD;rnf/ rNrif&ao;aom rdrd&ifxJrS &ifaoG;av; twGuf
axmufxm;iJhnm§ &OD;rnf/
cspf&vGef;ol touftEÅ&m,frS vGwfaNrmufa&;twGuf tpGrf;ukef MudK;pm;&OD;rnf/
]]tpfudk&SD;[kef[m ightay:rSm vSnfhpm;&ufwmuawmh trSefygyJ? 'gayr,fh ig[m olUZeD;onfwpfa,muf?
ol U ud k od y f c spf w J h ZeD ; aumif ; wpf a ,muf ? ud k , f c spf & wJ h cif y G e f ; onf touf t EÅ & m,f MuKH a ewmud k
MudK;pm;u,fwif&r,fh 0wå&m; ighrSm&Sdw,f? olUtwGuf tqdyfaNzaq;om&r,fqdk&if ightaeeJY "m;awmifudkyJ
wuf&wuf&? rD;yifv,fudkyJ Nzwf&Nzwf&? om;&JwGif;udkyJ qif;&qif;& pGefYpm;vkyfaqmif&r,f}}
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[keftwGuf tqdyfaNzaq;udk toufpGefUum &SmazG,l&ef pdwfqkH;Nzwfvdkufonf/
aNzaq;udk rnfonfhae&mwGif oGm;&Sm&rnfenf;/
tcsdefuvnf; odyfr&Sd/ okH;&ufom tcsdef&onf/ okH;&ufausmfvGefoGm;vQif aNzaq;&onfhwdkif
&SD;[kef\toufudk ru,fEdkifawmh/
e*g;NzLa*[mokdY oGm;a&mufum aNzaq;udk wdwfwqdwfcdk;,l&ef ydkifpkusif pOf;pm;rdao;onf/

42
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkYaomf ...
usef;MudK;NrdKUonf e*g;NzLa*[mESifh q,fhig;&ufc&D; tuGmwGifwnf&Sdonf/ rnfrQavmuf c&D;Nyif;ESifum
tyifyef;cHoGm;onf Nzpfap toGm;tNyef t&ufESpfq,fawmh tenf;qkH;Mumrnf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS aNzaq;udk&atmif ckd;,lvmEdkifonfhwdkif &SD;[kef\ tqdyfudkaNz&ef rrDEdkifawmh/
ydkifpkusif tvGefyifpdwfysufoGm;onf/
acgif;xJwGifvnf; aemufusdvmonf/
onf t wd k i f ; qd k y gu yd k i f p k u sif t aeNzif h cspf v if \ touf u d k u,f w if v d k p d w f Nyif ; Nyygvsuf
bmrQrvkyfEdkifawmhatmif Nzpfayawmhrnf/ ylylavmavm pOf;pm;&aomtcg pdwful;aumif;u &kwfw&uf r&wwf/
pdwfvSKyf&Sm;rSK tenfxdkifvmaomtcg ydkifpkusif\ acgif;xJwGif tawG;wpfck 0ifvmonf/
]][m ... igu a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;udk arhaewmudk;?
0d n mOf c sKyf t qd y f a Nz touf u ,f a q;[m tqd y f r sKd ; pk H u d k aNzEd k i f w ,f ? twG i f ; 'Pf t rsKd ; rsKd ; ud k
oufomaysmufuif;apEdkifw,f? NyD;awmh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfwnf&SdwJh aumufqef;awmif[m 'Dae&muae
okH;&ufc&D;yJuGmw,f? igom aeYrtdyf nrtdyfyJ c&D;Nyif;ESif r,fqdk&if wpf&ufcGJavmufeJY ta&mufoGm;Edkifw,f?
0d n mOf c sKyf t ouf u ,f t qd y f a Nzaq;ud k t&,l N yD ; c&D ; Nyif ; Nyef v m&if tpf u d k & S D ; [k e f t wG u f tcsd e f r D
Nyefa&mufvmEdkifr,f? [kwfNyD ... a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk oGm;&r,f}}
ydkifpkusifonf þodkYpOf;pm;rdonfESifh csufcsif;yif csif;csif;tm; c&D;tNrefxGufa&;twGuf Nyifqifay;&ef
aNymonf/
]]rrav;u b,fudkoGm;OD;rvdkYvJ}}
csif;csif;u tHhMo[efNzifh ydkifpkusifudk em;rvnfEdkifbJ Nyefar;onf/
]]a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk oGm;NyD; 0dnmOfcsKyf tqdyfaNz toufu,faq; oGm;,lr,f}}
]][m ... Nzpfyghrvm; rrav;&,f? rrav;twGuf tEÅ&m,fursm; ...}}
]]tJ'Dvdk vkyfzdkYuvGJvdkY wNcm;bmenf;vrf;rS r&Sdbl;? 'Dawmh bmrSaNymraeeJYawmh? eif 'DrSmae&pfcJhNyD;
tpfudk&SD;[kefudk Munfh&SKapmifha&Smufxm;yg? qdkifudkawmh cPydwfxm;vdkufaygh? wu,fvdkY okH;&ufMumNyD;rS
igNyefa&mufrvmEdkifbJ tpfudk&SD;[kef toufaoqkH;oGm;&if olUtavmif;udk aumif;aumif;rGefrGef Nr§KyfESHay;vdkufyg}}
]]rrav;&,f ... bmaMumifrh sm; 'DavmufawmifrS pGeYf pm;&wmvJ? olu rrav;udk vSnphf m;cJw h m r[kwv f m;?
tckvnf; olYtNypfeJYol cH&wmyJ? 'DvdkopömrJhwJh ...}}
]]csif;csif; ...}}
ydkifpkusifu avoHrmrmESifh Mum;Nzwfum aNymvdkufonfhtwGuf csif;csif;rSm pum;wpfydkif;wpfpESifh
&yfoGm;onf/ ydkifpkusifudkvnf; rsufESmi,fav;ESifh Munfhvdkufonf/
rdrdbufu rcHr&yfEdkifNzpfum aNymqdkcJhygvsuf rdrdu aigufirf;[efYwm;vdkufonfhtwGuf csif;csif;udk
MunfhNyD; ydkifpkusifrSm pdwfraumif;NzpfoGm;&Nyefonf/
xdkYaMumifh avoHudk Nyefazsmhum csif;csif;udk xyfaNymav\/
]]csif;csif;&,f ... eifu ighukd cspfveG ;f vdYk 'Dpum;rsKd; aNymw,fqw kd m igodygw,f? igcspfvYkd vufxyfxm;wJh
cifyeG ;f onf 'kua© &mufaewmudk ig'Dtwdik ;f Munfrh ae&ufb;l ? b,fow l &m;ysufysuf ud,
k rf ysufeYJ qw kd hJ pum;vnf;
&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;? ol b,fvdkyJ opömrJhaeae iguawmh olUtay: rrkef;Edkifbl;? uJ tcsdefvnf; r&Sdbl;? tdrfrSm&SdwJh
Nrif;okH;aumifvkH; ig,loGm;r,f? tNrefqkH; Nyifqifay;ayawmh}}
&S;D [ket
f ay: wu,fcspfum opömMuD;rm;vSaom ydik pf u k sifu ,wdNywfq;Hk Nzwfum aNymqdv k u kd af omaMumifh
csif;csif;rSm rwm;qD;omawmhbJ vdktyfonfrsm;udk NyifqifulnD vkyfudkifay;&avawmhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf t0wftpm; tenf;i,f? vrf;wGif tvG,fwul pm;aomufoGm;Edkifonfh toifhNyifqif
NyKvkyfNyD;Nzpfaom pm;eyf&du©mtcsKdUudk ,laqmifum Nrif;wpfaumifay: wufpD;í usefNrif;ESpfaumifudk qGJ,lum
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf wnf&Sdaom aumufqef;awmifokdY xGufcGmvmcJhavawmhonf/

43
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (6)
usef;MudK;NrdKUrS a&Smifvifausmif;awmfodkY em;em;aeaeNzifh at;at;aq;aq; oGm;rnfqdkvQif okH;&ufrQ
tcsdefMumonf/
ydkifpkusifonf ygvmaom Nrif;okH;pD;udk wpfaumifNyD; wpfaumifvJvS,fpD;um wpf&ufwpfnESifh
a&mufatmif c&D;Nyif;ESifaeonf/
vrf;wGif vkH;0rem;/
ygvmaom &du©mrsm;udkom Nrif;pD;&if; pm;íoGm;onf/
tdyfpufNcif;um; r&Sday/
aemufqkH;wGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf wnf&Sd&m aumufqef;awmifaNcodkY a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhonf/
r&yfrem; c&D;ESifvmcJhaomfvnf; ydkifpkusif cefYrSef;xm;onfh tcsdefxuf tenf;i,faemufusum
noef;acgif,H tcsdefavmufusrS aumufqef;awmifaNcodkY a&muf&SdoGm;cJhonf/
ydkifpkusif pD;vmaom Nrif;MuD;rSm wpfukd,fvkH; acR;awG&TJum arm[kdufEGrf;e,fí aeavNyD/
ydkifpkusifwGif xdkNrif;wpfaumifwnf;om aemufqkH;tNzpf usefaeonf/ usefNrif;ESpfaumifrSm
c&D;Nyif;ESifonfh'Pfudk rcHEdkifbJ vrf;wGifyif vJususef&pfcJhMuonf/
aumufqef;awmifaNcodkY a&mufonfwGif awmifay:odkY Nrif;pD;wuf&ef rNzpfaomaMumifh ydkifpkusifu
Nrif;udk Zufowfum wkHY&yfvdkuf&onf/
tm;cJum aNy;vTm;cJhaom Nrif;MuD;onf Zufowfum &yfvdkufcsdefwGif wif;xm;onfh tm;rsm;udk
avsmhcsypfvdkufívm; rod? b,fvdkrS r[efEdkifbJ Adkif;ceJ vJusoGm;avonf/
ydkifpkusifrSmvnf; c&D;yef;aeaomaMumifh &kwfw&uf [efcsufudk rxdef;EdkifbJ Adkif;ceJ vJusoGm;onf/
44
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rtdyrf ae r&yfrem;bJ c&D;Nyif;ESiv f mcJ&h onft
h wGuf yifyef;EGr;f e,faomfvnf; ydik pf u k sifonf tm;wif;um
vJusoGm;&mrS x&yfvdkufonf/
olrpD;vmonfh Nrif;MuD;rSmrl vJusvsufom;yif &Sdaeonf/ NyefxvmEdkifNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
yd k i f p k u sif o nf aumuf q ef ; awmif a y:ok d Y armf M unf h v d k u f o nf / rd k ; uk y f p uf 0 d k i f ; aemuf c H N zif h
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ taqmufttkHrsm;udk cyfa&;a&; Nrif&onf/
rdrdoGm;vdkonfh ae&modkY a&mufNyDNzpfaomaMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm yifyef;EGrf;e,frSKrsm; yaysmufum
tm;opfavmif;vdkufbdouJhokdY Nzpfvm&onf/
ydkifpkusifonf toufudk0atmif&SLNyD;aemuf tqifhNrifhudk,fazmhynmudkokH;um awmifay:odkY taNy;yif
wufvmcJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfonf odkif;avmuwGif tvGefyiforÇm&ifhonfh odkif;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckNzpfonf/
pnf;urf;vnf; wif;usyfvSonf/
tNyifvlrsm;taeNzifh cGifhNyKcsuf&rSom a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJodkY 0ifcGifh&Sdonf/
cGifhNyKcsufr&bJ 0ifa&mufvmoludk MuD;av;aom tNypf'Pfay;avh&Sdonf/
trsKd;orD;rsm;udkum; a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJokdY vkH;0 0ifcGifhrNyKay/
,ckvkd noef;acgif,H tcsdew f iG f a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxo J Ydk wdww
f qdwf 0ifa&mufvmNcif;onf txl;yif
tEÅ&m,frsm;Nym;vSaMumif; ydkifpkusifodonf/
ok d Y aomf yd k i f p k u sif o nf cif y G e f ; onf t ay:wG i f opö m &S d a om ZeD ; aumif ; wpf a ,muf y D y D
cifyGef;onf\toufudk u,fwifEdkifrnfh 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;udk r&&atmif ,l&ef
pdwfydkif;Nzwfxm;onfhtwGuf rnfonfhtEÅ&m,fudkrqdk &ifqdkif&ef toifh&Sdaeonf/
rMumrDrSmyif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPftpyfem;okdY a&muf&Sdvmonf/
ydkifpkusifonf cg;pnf;MudK;udk cyfwif;wif;pnf;um "m;&Snfudkvnf; cg;wGif csyfcsyf&yf&yf&Sdatmif
NyKNyifNyD;aemuf a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPftNzpf owfrSwfum&Hxm;onfh tkwfwHwdkif;udk Nzwfausmfonf/
aumif;uifwGif aiGpE´muxGef;vif;umomaeonf/
va&mifaMumifh ydkifpkusiftzdkY NrifNrifxifxifESifh oGm;vmvSKyf&Sm;Edkifonf/ wpfzufwGifvnf;
vomaeaomaMumifh ydkifpkusif\ vSKyf&Sm;rSKrsm;udk a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ tapmifhtMuyfrsm; NrifawGUEdkifrnfh
tcGifhtvrf;uvnf; ydkrsm;aeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJokdY wpfMudrfwpfcgrQ ra&mufzl;ay/ odkYaomf zcifMuD;u
odkif;avmu\ A[kokwtNzpf aNymNycJhonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;xJwGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf taMumif;vnf;
yg&Sd&m a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPftwGif; taqmufttkHrsm; wnf&SdaeykHudk tMurf;zsif;awmh od&Sdxm;onf/
A[kokwtNzpf rSwfom;xm;rdcJhaom a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk rarQmfvifhbJ a&muf&SdoGm;oNzifh ydkifpkusif
pdwfvSKyf&Sm;rdonf/
A[kokwtNzpf rSwfom;cJh&mrS ,ck tokH;0ifaeavNyD/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPfxJodkY a&mufonfESifh ydkifpkusifonf A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifMuD; &Sd&modkY
rSef;qvmcJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJwGif tapmifhtMuyfrsm;onf ydkifpkusif wGufxm;onfxufyif ydkrdkrsm;Nym;aeonf/
t"duae&mrsm;wGif uif;pcef;rsm;&Sad eovdk vrf;csKd;vrf;auGU ae&mrsm;wGiv f nf; uif;yke;f rsm; csxm;onf/
vSnfhuif;rsm;vnf; &Sdayao;onf/
ydkifpkusiftwGuf ukodkvfuHu axmufravovm; raNymwwfay/ odkif;avmu\ OD;pD;a&SUaqmif
tzGJUMuD;wpfckNzpfNyD; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm MumNrifhonfhwdkif &efolrsm;xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufNcif; rNyKEdkifonfhtwGuf
tapmifrh sm;u pdwaf t;vufat; apmifMh uyfum ayghavsmah eMuívm;rod? ydik pf u k sio
f nf rnfonfh tapmift h a&SmufrQ
r&dyfrdatmif rSef;qvmonfhtwdkif; A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifMuD;teD;okdY ta&muf csOf;uyfvmEdkifcJhav\/
A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifteD;okdY ydkifpkusif a&mufvmcJhonf/

45
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ A[kad q;pyfcef;raqmifonf awmifuek ;f av;wpfcak y:wGif wnf&u dS m &Sm;yg;onfh
ausmufNzLom;Nzifh wnfaqmufxm;onf/
vrif;u xdefxdefomaeonfhtwGuf ausmufNzLom;cef;raqmifrSm aiG&nfyufzsef;xm;onfhES,f
vSywifharmaeonf/
cef;raqmif\ ywfywfvnfwGif 0g;yifrsm; 0ef;&Haygufa&mufaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf 0g;&kHyifrsm;tMum;wGif rsufuG,f,l ukd,fa,mifazsmufum A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmiftem;odkY
wa&GUa&GU csOf;uyfvmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGif w'def;'def; ckefaeonf/
olr\ nmvufu cg;wGif csdwfxm;aom "m;&Snf\t&dk;udk qkyfudkifrdonf/ "m;&dk;\ at;pdrfhaom
txdtawGUu ydkifpkusifudk aemufrqkwfwrf; a&SUodkYwdk;í vkyfaqmif&ef tm;ay;onfhtvm; Nzpfaeonf/
A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmif\ t0ifwHcg;0wGif "m;vGwfukdif okdif;orm;ESpfa,muf apmifhMunfhaeonf/
wHcg;rSm MuD;rm;cHhxnfvSonfh uRef;om;wHcg;MuD;Nzpfum tus,fu q,fayeD;yg;yif&Sdonf/ tapmifhESpfa,mufu
wHcg;wpfzufwpfcsufpDwGif &yfaeMuonf/
wHcg;teD;tem;wGif &Sif;vif;ae&m rsufuG,f,lykef;atmif;&ef tumtuG,f vkH;0r&Sday/
ydkifpkusiftaeNzifh xdktapmifhESpfa,muf rodatmif A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifxJodkY 0if&efrNzpfEdkifay/
tapmifo h idk ;f orm;ESpaf ,mufukd wdu
k cf u
kd af csrSKef;NyD;rSom A[kad q;pyfcef;raqmifxoJ Ydk 0ifa&mufEikd af yrnf/
tapmifh odkif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk odkif;uGufwpfuGufwnf; "m;csufwpfcsufwnf;Nzifh tNywfacsrSKef;rSom
Nzpfrnf/ tcsdefay;wdkufcdkuf&ef vkH;0rNzpfEdkif/
xdkokdYr[kwfbJ tNyeftvSefwdkufcdkufrSK NyKae&rnfqdkygu xdktapmifhodkif;orm;rsm; taeNzifh
ta&;ay:tcsufay; acgif;avmif;wD;cwfum a&Smifvifausmif;awmfwpfckvkH;udk wyfvSefUESdK;vdkufEdkifayonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf wpfckvkH;om vSKyf&Sm;vmygu ydkifpkusiftaeNzifh b,fvdkrS &ifqdkifEdkifrnf
r[kwfawmhay/
qifaNymifMuD; tNrD;usrSwpfqdkovdk A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifem;odkY ta&mufcsOf;uyfvmEdkifNyD;rS txJodkY
0if&ef tcufawGUaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf tapmifhESpfa,mufudk acsrSKef;um cef;raqmifxJodkY 0ifa&mufEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;udk
OD;aESmufaNcmufvkrwwfyif pOf;pm;MuHqíaeonf/
tcsdefonf olrtwGuf toufESifhtrQ wefzdk;MuD;aeavNyD/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ...
]]usKyf AdkufxJu &pfNyD;emvmw,f? tayghtyg; oGm;vdkufOD;r,fAsm? cifAsm; owdxm;NyD; apmifhaeygOD;}}
tapmifhodkif;orm;wpfa,mufu wNcm;wpfa,mufudk aNymvdkufonf/
]]aumif;ygNyD? pdwfomcsoGm;yg? 'Dae&mudk b,folu vm&JrSmvJ? aMomf ... odyfawmh rMumapeJYaemf?
awmfMum uif;rSL;MuD; uif;vmppfvdkY cifAsm;udk rawGU&if cifAsm;aum usKyfaum aumif;aumif; 'ku©awGUvdrfhr,f}}
]]tif;ygAs ... tNrefqkH;Nyefvmyghr,f}}
xdktapmifhonf "m;vGwfudk "m;tdrfxJodkY NyefxnfhNyD;aemuf aNcvSrf;usJusJNzifh cyfokwfokwf
avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;avonf/
rarQmfvifhbJ tcGifhtcgaumif; ay:aygufvmonfhtwGuf ydkifpkusifrSm tm;wufoGm;onf/
]]tdk ... uHaumif;vdkufwm? wdkif;&ufwJh yuúvm rdk;&GmwmeJY tcefYoifh qdkovdk tHudkufyJ? 'Dtcsdefaumif;udk
tvGwfcHvdkY rNzpfbl;}}
ydkifpkusifu xdkodkYawG;awmNyD; ausmufcJi,fwpfckudk aumuf,lum wpfa,mufxD;wnf; usefaeaom
tapmifhokdif;orm;&Sd&mokdY twGif;tm; q,fykH&SpfykHxnfhum vSrf;ypfvdkufonf/
]]0Spf ...}}
avcGif;oH cyfoJhoJhESifhtwl ausmufcJi,fonf tapmifhodkif;orm;&Sd&modkY t[kefNyif;pGm wef;0ifoGm;onf/
tapmifhodkif;orm;onf avcGif;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfh twGuf a&Smifwdrf;&ef [efNyifvdkufao;onf/
46
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
od k Y aomf ausmuf c J i ,f vG i f h y sH 0 if a &muf v monf h t&S d e f t [k e f u Nref q ef v S o Nzif h b,f v d k r S
rvSKyf&Sm;EdkifrDrSmyif em;&Gufaemufbuf&Sd ]zefcsD} aoG;aMumuGufae&modkY ususee xdrSefum toHyifrxGufEdkifbJ
arSmufvsufom; vJusoGm;avawmhonf/
ydik pf u
k sifonf yke;f atmif;ae&mrS vSpu f eJaNy;xGuv f mum owdvpfaeaom tapmifo h idk ;f orm;udk qGrJ vsuf
wHcg;aygufab;em;wGif rSDvsufom; xdkifaeonfh toGifrsKd; NyKvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf ydwfaeaom wHcg;udk twGif;tm;Nzifh toHrxGufatmif &dkufcsKd;zsufqD;um cef;raqmifxJodkY
0ifa&mufcJhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf zcifNzpfolxHrS odkif;ynmtarGomru aq;ynmESifh ywfoufonfh tarGudkvnf;
cH,l&&Sdxm;olNzpf&m aq;0g;rsm;taMumif;udk tawmftoifh em;vnfxm;onf/
e*g;NzLa*[m&Sd zcifMuD;\ aq;pyfcef;xJwGif 0ifa&mufum vufawGUvkyfaqmifzl;aomaMumifh aq;pyfcef;
tqiftNyifrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifaeayonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ A[dkaq;pyfcef;raqmifonf e*g;NzLa*[m&Sd ydkifusifvkH\ aq;pyfcef;xuf
ydkrdkMuD;rm;us,f0ef;aomfvnf; aq;pyfcef;xJwGif cifusif;Nyifqifxm;rSKrSmrl cyfqifqifwlonf/
aq;pyfcef;xJwGif pifNrifhrsm; twef;vdkuf&SdMuNyD; xdkpifNrifhrsm;ay:wGif aq;Nrpfrsm;? aq;rSKefYrsm;?
aq;yifrsm;udk tdk;rsm;Nzifh pepfwus pDpD&D&D wifxm;onf/
aq;trnfrsm;udk cGJNcm;odEdkif&ef tdk;rsm;ay:wGif puúL NzL eD 0g ndK ta&miftrsKd;rsKd;uyfum trnfrsm;
a&;xm;onf/
ydkifpkusifonf pifNrifhwpfckNyD;wpfck vSnfhMunfhum 0dnmOfcsKyftoufu,f tqdyfaNzaq;udk vdkuf&Smonf/
pifrsm; wpfckNyD;wpfck ausmfvGefoGm;onf/
0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,f tqdyfaNzaq;udkum; rawGU&ao;/
þaq;pyfcef;rSaqmifxJwGif 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,f tqdyfaNzaq; &Sdonfudkum; ydkifpkusifodonf/
odkYaomf pifawG trsm;tNym;&SdNyD; tdk;awGuvnf; axmifESifhaomif;eJYcsDum &SdaeaomaMumifh rnfonfhpif
rnfonfhtdk;xJwGif 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyfaNzaq;&SdaMumif; wdwdusus rod&/
ydkifpkusiftzdkY t&Sm&cufaeonf/
aumuf&kd;ykHxJ usaeonfh tyfwpfacsmif;udk vdkuf&Sm&onfh taNctaersKd; Nzpfaeonf/
tcsdefuvnf; odyfr&/
EdkiforQaom tcsdefav;twGif; wufokwf&dkufum vdkuf&Smae&onfhtwGuf pifwpfpifrS wpfpifodkY
ul;vm&wdkif; ydkifpkusifrSm pkd;&drfpdwf ydkírsm;vmonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNcoHcyfoJhoJhMum;rdaomaMumifh ydkifpkusif\ &ifxJwGifxdwfceJY NzpfoGm;onf/
]]bk&m; ... bk&m;? wNcm;uif;orm;awGrsm; a&mufvmMuNyDvm;}}
ydkifpkusifrSm þodkYawG;rdrS ydkí xdwfvefYoGm;onf/ ezl;wGif acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;yif pdkYvmonf/
ydkifpkusifonf Nywif;ayguftem;odkY vSpfceJ aNy;uyfoGm;um Nywif;aygufwGif wyfqifxm;aom
w&kwfuyftMum;rS tNyifodkY acsmif;Munfhvdkuf\/
aNcoHrSm tNcm;uif;orm;rsm;\ aNcoHr[kwfay/ tayghtyg;oGm;&ef apmapmu xGufoGm;onfh
tapmifhokdif;orm; Nyefvmonfh aNcoHNzpfonf/
xdktapmifhodkif;orm;onf at;at;vlvlyif avQmufvSrf;vmaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf tcsdefqdkif;raebJ olr\ qHxkH;wGif xdk;xm;onfh qHxdk;wpfckudk NzKwf,lum
cyf[[Nzpfaeaom w&kwfuyf tMum;rSaeí tapmifhokdif;orm;&Sd&modkY vSrf;ypfvdkufonf/
]]0Spf ...}}
teD ; uyf tyd k i f t Ed k i f ypf c wf v k d u f o nf h ypf c wf c suf N zpf a omaMumif h tapmif h o d k i f ; orm;rS m
rnfokdYrQa&Smifwdrf;Ncif; rNyKEdkif/ qHxdk;txdcH&um toHyif wpfcsufrQrNyKEdkifbJ acGvsufom; vJusoGm;avawmh\/
ydkifpkusifonf 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyfaNzaq;udk qufvuf&SmazGonf/
wpfpifNyD; wpfpif .../
47
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wpftdk;NyD; wpftdk; .../
aoaocsmcsm aphaphpyfpyf vdkufvH&SmazGMunfhaomfvnf; bmrQtaMumif;rxl;ay/
]]0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyfaNzaq;udk &SmvdkY&Edkifyghrvm;/ &SmvdkYr&cif a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;awG
a&mufvm&if tcufygyJ? bk&m; ... bk&m;}}
ydkifpkusifonf pdwfxJwGif tMuD;tus,fyif awG;ylvmrdonf/
pdwfylyifrSKrsm;vmonfhtwGuf &SmazG&mwGifvnf; tavmwMuD;Edkifvmonf/ tavmwMuD; &SmazGrSKaMumifh
rsufpdvQef;um vdkcsifaom tqdyfaNzaq;udk rawGUbJ Nzpfrnfudkvnf; pdk;&drfrdonf/
odkYaomf pdwfudkwnfNidrfatmif rnfodkYrQ xdef;ír&/
tcsdefMumav pdwfuydkvSKyf&Sm;av/
]]'l ... 'l ... 'l}}
0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,f tqdyfaNzaq;udk &Smr&Edkifao;í pdwfrsm;aecsdefrSmyif tcsufay;armif;oHrsm;
pDpDnHnH ay:vmonf/
ydkifpkusifpdwfxJ xdef;csKyfí r&avmufatmif wkefvSKyfí acsmufcsm;vmonf/
tcsufay;armif;oHrsm;ESifhtwl a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;rsm; atmf[pfaNy;vTm; vSKyf&Sm;vmMuonf/
]][m ... 'ku©yJ? iga&mufaewm odukefNyDxifw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ydkifpkusif\ rsufvkH;rsm;onf teDa&mifpuúLuyfxm;onfh tdk;ESpfvkH;Mum;wGif &Sdaeonfh
eHYomNzLaowåmNym;av; wpfckay:odkY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
uHw&m;u ydkifpkusifudk rsufESmomay;vdkufonfxifh/
eHYomNzL aowåmNym;av;ay:wGif atmufygpmrsm; a&;om;xm;onfudk ydkifpkusif awGYvdkuf&onf/
]]a&Smifvif0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,faNzaq;awmf ...}}
ydkifpkusif\ tm;&0rf;omNzpfrSKrSm rnfokdYrQyif ESdKif;qír&/ eHYomNzLaowåmav;udk aumuf,lum
tusÐtwGif;tdwfxJodkY xnfhvdkufonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPfxJwGif tcsufay;armif;oH w'l'l? aNy;vTm;oHrsm;? atmf[pfoHrsm; wnHnHESifh
txl;yif vSKyf&Sm;aeonf/
ydkifpkusiftzdkY txl;vdkcsifaeaom 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,f tqdyfaNzaq;udk &SmazGawGU&SdNyD Nzpfonf/
odkYaomf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJrS tNyifodkY xGuf&efrSmrl vrf;pr&Sdoavmuf Nzpfaeonf/
olrtNzpfum; NzKef;ceJ0rf;om uysmu,m 0rf;enf;&onfh tNzpfrsKd;aywum;/
]]tckqdk&if a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrSm &SdorQodkif;orm;awGtm;vkH; tdyf&muEdk;ukefavmufNyD? 'Davmuf
vlpkvla0; aumif;aumif;eJY vSKyf&Sm;aeMuwJh a&Smifvif*dkPf;0if okdif;orm;MuD;awGxJu ightaeeJY b,fvkdvkyfNyD;
tNyifudka&mufatmif xdk;azmufxGufEdkifrSmvJ? 'ku©ygyJ}}
ydkifpkusifrSm tMuD;tus,f tcufMuKHae&onf/
cJ a vorQ oJ a &us Nzpf c J h & awmh r nf [ l a om tawG ; Nzif h tm;avsmh u m 'l ; rsm;yif acG a ysmh v suf
rwfwwf&yfae&mrS ,dkifvJusvkrwwf NzpfoGm;&onf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ A[kdaq;pyfcef;rxJrS b,fvdkxGufEdkifrvJ .../
xdktcsdefwGif ...
csif;csif;rSm xdkifae&rnfvm;? xvrf;avQmufae&rnfvm; bmvkyf&rnfrSef; rodEdkifbJ txl;yif
pdwfvSKyf&Sm;um rNidrfroufNzpfae&onf/
,aeYqdkvQif &SD;[keftqdyfoifhcJhonfrSm okH;&ufwdwd &SdayNyD/
e*g;pG,fvufeufykef; txdcH&onfhtcsdefrSm eHeufydkif;q,fem&DcefYwGifNzpf&m xdktcsdefausmfvGefvQif
&SD;[keftzdkY toufaoqkH;&awmhrnfom Nzpfonf/
,ck eHeufudk;em&Dyif ausmfvmNyD/
&SD;[kef\ touf&Sifa&;twGuf aq;ukoEdkifrnfh tcsdefrSm wpfem&DNynfhatmifyif rusefawmh/
48
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyaf Nzaq; t&,l&ef a&Smifvifausmif;awmfoYkd xGucf mG oGm;aom ydik pf u k sifvnf;
Nyefa&mufrvmao;/
ydkifpkusifwpfa,muf tqdyfaNzaq; &SmazG&if; a&Smifvif*dkPf;0if odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh wdk;um zrf;qD;Ncif;rsm;
cHae&vQif ...
csif;csif; qufrawG;0Hhawmhay/
&SD;[kef\ taNctaerSmvnf; tvGefyif qdk;&Gm;aeavNyD/
wpfukd,fvkH; NymESrf;um tom;ta&uvnf; rD;uifxm;onfhES,f NcpfNcpfawmuf ylíaeonf/
csif;csif;rSm tqdyo f ifah eaom &S;D [ket
f wGuf yl&onfuwpfrsKd;? a&Smifvifausmif;awmfoYkd xGucf mG oGm;aom
ydkifpkusiftwGuf pkd;&drf&onfu wpfoG,fESifh &l;vkrwwfyif Nzpfrdonf/
tcsdefuawmh bmudkrQ rapmifhbJ rSefrSefom ukefvGefa&GUvsm;aeonf/
tcsdefukefvGefvmavav csif;csif;rSm ydkí pdwfvSKyf&Sm;Asmrsm;vmavav Nzpfaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif tdrfa&SUrS Nrif;cGmoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
csif;csif;onf uref;uwef; tdrftNyifodkY vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m acR;awGoHawG t&TJom;Nzpfaeaom
Nrif;udkpD;vsuf tdrfa&SUodkY a&mufvmaom ydkifpkusifudk awGYvdkuf&onf/
csif;csif;\ tm;wuf0rf;omrSKu rnfokdYrQ xdef;r&awmhacs/
ydkifpkusifonf wpfukd,fvkH; zkeftvdrf;vdrf;ESifh npfayaeonf/ qHyifrsm; &SKyfyGaeNyD; rsufESmrSmvnf;
acsmifusaeonf/
csif;csif;onf tdrfNyifokdY taNy;av;xGufvmNyD; ...
]]b,fvdkNzpfvmwmvJ rrav;&,f? aNzaq;aum &cJh&JYvm;[if}}
ydkifpkusifonf Nrif;ay:rSqif;&if; tusÐtdwfxJrS eHYomNzLaowåmNym;av;udk xkwfay;onf/
]]wpfvkH;udk a&at;at;eJY azsmfwdkuf? aemufwpfvkH;udk trSKefYMudwfNyD; 'Pf&may:vdrf;ay;}}
ydkifpkusifu aq;nTef;udkom wdkwdkwkwfwkwf aNymqdknTefMum;onf/ pum;tydk raNymEdkifatmif arm[kdufum
toufudk Nyif;Nyif;&SLae&onf/
csif;csif;taeNzifh 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,f tqdyfaNzaq;udk rnfodkYrnfykH &vmaMumif; ar;vdkaomfvnf;
tcsdefodyfr&Sdawmhonfu wpfaMumif;? ydkifpkusif tvGefc&D;yrf;vmaMumif; odonfu wpfaMumif;aMumifh
ar;Nref;Ncif;rNyKawmhbJ tdrfxJodkY tNref0ifa&mufum ydkifpkusif nTefMum;onfhtwdkif; &SD;[kefudk NyKpkvdkufav\/
0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyfaNzaq;onf wu,fyif tpGrf;xufvSonf/
aNzaq;wdkufauR;NyKpkay;NyD; rMumrDrSmyif &SD;[kef\ taNctaeonf ododomom aumif;rGefvmonf/
rD;uifxm;ovdk ylavmifaerSK avsmhyg;oGm;onf/ tom;ta& NymESr;f aerSKvnf; wpfpp oufomoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusif\ pdk;&drfylyefrSK? armyef;EGrf;e,frSKwdkYuvnf; aNyavsmhoGm;onf/
þtcgwGifrS ydkifpkusifu a&Smifvifausmif;awmfodkY rdrdoGm;a&mufcJh&mwGif MuKHawGU&ykHrsm;udk csif;csif;tm;
NyefaNymNyonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPfxJodkY wdwfwqdwf 0ifa&mufcJh&ykH? A[kdaq;pyfcef;raqmifxJodkY
a&muf&SdoGm;ykH? 0dnmOfcsKyf toufu,ftqdyfaNzaq;udk vdkuf&Sm&ykH? &SmazGawGU&SdcsdefwGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf
y&0kPfxJwGif tcsufay;armif;oHrsm; qlnHum odkif;orm;rsm; vSKyf&Sm;um vmMuykHrsm;udk aNymNyonf/
xdkYaemuf qufvufí a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS xGufcGmvmEdkifcJhykH taMumif;rsm;udk aNymNyNyefonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPfxJwGif vSKyf&Sm;qlnHaeaomaMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm tNyifodkYxdk;azmufxGuf&ef
rNzpfEdkifawmh[kawG;um pdwfysuftm;avsmhrdonf/
]]&efol taemufbufudk aNy;NyD? vdkufMu ... vkdufMu}}
]]Nrwfynmcef;raqmifbufudk tNrefoGm;Muprf;}}
]]0dkif;a[h ... 0dkif; ... 0dkif;}}
]]rvGwfapeJY}}
a&Smifvif*dkPf;0if odkif;orm;rsm; tcsif;csif; atmf[pfaNymqdk tcsufay;oHrsm;udk ydkifpkusifMum;ae&onf/
49
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]olwdkYu taemufbufudk aNy;oGm;wJh vlaemufvdkufMuzdkY atmfaeMuwmygvm;? igtcka&mufaewJh
A[dkaq;pyfcef;raqmifu a&Smifvifausmif;awmf y&0kPfawmifbufydkif;rSm &SdwmyJ? iga&mufaewmudk odoGm;vdkY
tcsuaf y;armif;xkNyD; vSKyf&mS ;aeMuwmawmh r[kww f efb;l ? Nrwfynmcef;raqmifxu J ypön;f wpfcck u k kd 0ifc;kd wJv
h u l kd
awGUvdkY vdkufMuwmyJNzpfr,f? tif; ... awmfygao;&JU}}
taNctaerS e f u d k awG ; rd a omtcg yd k i f p k u sif r S m tawmf y if pd w f o uf o m&m&oG m ;onf /
tm;vnf;wufvmonf/
atmf [ pf o H r sm; twef i ,f a0;oG m ;aomtcg yd k i f p k u sif o nf A[d k a q;pyf c ef ; raqmif x J r S
tomxGufvdkufavonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf Nrwfynm cef;raqmif&Sd&mbufESifh ausmif;awmfy&0kPf taemufbufydkif;wdkYwGif
rD;wkwfrD;pnf;rsm; udkifxm;onfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;rsm; aNy;vTm;vSKyf&Sm;aeMuonfudk ydkifpkusif vSrf;Nrif&\/
olr a&mufaeonfh A[kad q;pyfcef;raqmif&&dS m ae&mwpf0u dk w
f iG rf l rnfonfv h KS yf&mS ;rSK r&Sad o;bJ Nidro f ufaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf tcsdefrqdkif;awmhyJ awmifatmufodkY aNy;qif;vmcJhav\/
a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;rsm;onf Nrwfynmcef;raqmif 0ef;usifudkom tm&kHpdkufí vdkufvH&SmazGaeaomaMumifh
ydkifpkusifrSm arQmfvifhxm;onfxufyif vG,fulacsmarmpGm awmifatmufodkY qif;vmEdkifcJhonf/
Nrwf y nmcef ; aqmif x J o k d Y 0if a &muf u m ypö n f ; wpf c k c k ck d ; ,l c J h o nf h ol c d k ; aMumif h yd k i f p k u sif r S m
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS tvG,fwulyif xGufvmEdkifcJhonf[k qdk&rnf/
aumufqef;awmifaNcodYk a&mufonfEiS hf ydik pf u k sifonf ud, k af zmhynmudo k ;Hk um tm;ukeaf Ny;avawmhonf/
yxrqk H ; awG U &onf h & G m wG i f Nrif ; ok H ; aumif ; 0,f u m Nrif ; wpf a umif N yD ; wpf a umif v J p D ; í
aetdrfodkYta&muft&yftem;r&Sd c&D;Nyif;ESifum NyefvmcJhavawmhonf/
tqdyaf Nzaq;udk tcsed rf D wku d af uR;um cifyeG ;f onf\ toufukd u,fwifvu kd Ef ikd o
f nft h wGuf ydik pf uk sirf mS
tvGefyif 0rf;omaysmf&Tifaeonf/
odkY&mwGif okH;&ufvkH;vkH; r&yfrem;bJ pdwfarmvlarm vSKyf&Sm;cJh&onfhtwGuf yifyef;EGrf;e,faeaomaMumifh
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kef\ tem;wGif aevdkaomfvnf; raeEdkifbJ tem;,ltdyfpuf&onf/
csif;csif;uom &SD;[kef\ taNctaeudk apmifhMunfhay;ae&onf/
]]ocif M uD ; [m e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; ud k tok H ; NyKcJ h w ,f ? qd k ; &G m ;rd k u f r J v G e f ; wJ h v l a wG u d k & ,f
tNywfacsrSKef;ypf&r,fh vlawGudk&,frS e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;eJY ypfcwfwdkufckdufcdkif;w,f? tckvnf; 'Dvludk
tNywf&Sif;ypfcsifwmaMumifh e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef;eJY ypfcwfckdif;wm Nzpf&r,f? rrav;u tqdyfaNzaq;&atmif
pGefYpm;&SmazGNyD; toufu,fvdkufwmudk ocifMuD;odoGm;&if xyfNyD; wdkufcdkuf&ef&SmvmOD;rSmyJ? 'DtaMumif;udk
rrav;udk aNymNy&ifaumif;rvm;? tck rrav; odyfudkyifyef;ae&Smw,f? em;em;aeae tem;,lygapOD;? aemufrSm
igaNymNyr,f? 'DMum;xJrSm e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awG a&mufrvmMuygapeJYvdkY qkawmif;&rSmyJ}}
csif;csif;rSm Nyóem\ taNccHrsm;udk qufpyfum NzpfEikd o f nfwYkd ukd tusKd;oift h aMumif;oifh awG;aerdonf/
touft&G,f i,fEkao;aomfvnf; b0c&D;Murf;udk avQmufvSrf;ae&NyDrdkY csif;csif;\ tawG;tac:rsm;u
,xmblwusvmonf/
c&D;yef;vmaom ydkifpkusifonf wpfaeYvHk; wpfnvkH; ESpfNcdKufpGm tdyfaysmfaeNyD; aemufaeYeHeufwGifrS
Edk;vmonf/
tdyfa&;00 tdyfvdkuf&NyD NzpfonfhtwGuf ydkifpkusifrSm tm;Nynfhum vef;qef;ívmonf/
xdkYaeYeHeufydkif;wGifyif &SD;[kefonfvnf; tqdyf'PfrS oufomum owdNyef&vmonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYu &SD;[kefudk tvSnfhusNyKpkay;Muonf/ vdktyfonfh NyKpkrSKrsm; vkyfay;aomfvnf;
pum;awmh odyfraNymMuay/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kef\ tMum;wGif taepdrf;ovdk Nzpfaeonf/
&SD;[kefrSm tawmfyif tae&txkdif& cufaeonf/ rdrdtay: ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYu wu,fyif
apwemxm;MuaMumif;udk aumif;pGm odem;vnfcJh&NyD Nzpfonf/

50
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
onfvdk pdwfxm;NzLpifaom rdef;uav;ESpfa,muftay: ta,mifaqmifum vSnfhpm;rdcJhonfhtwGufvnf;
aemifw&aeonf/
xdkYaMumifh rdrdtaMumif;udk tukeftpif xkwfazmfaNymMum;&ef tMudrfMudrfyif MudK;pm;cJhonf/ okdYaomf
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYu cyfwef;wef;om aeMuaomaMumifh &SD;[keftzdkY pum;rpombJ &Sdaeonf/
&SD;[kef owdNyef&vmNyD; aemufwpfaeYwGif Nzpfonf/
ol\ aemifw&&SdrSK taMumif;udk xkwfazmfaNymNyEdkif&ef &SD;[keftzdkY tcGifhtvrf; ay:aygufvmonf/
xdak eYeeH ufu csif;csif;onf &S;D [ke\ f tcef;xJwiG f vSn;f usif;oefYpifay;NyD;aemuf &S;D [keu f kd vSr;f Munfuh m
]]aeaumif;&JUvm;}}
csif;csif;onf &SD;[kefudk pum;rqdkbJ olvkyfp&m&SdwmawGudkom vkyfoGm;NrJNzpfonf/
,ckrl ESKwfqufovdkvdk pum;qdkvmaomaMumifh &SD;[kef tenf;i,f tm;wufvmonf/ tcGifhtvrf;
ay:aygufwkef; rdrdtrSm;udk 0efcHzkdY tvsiftNrefyif pum;vrf;cif;vdkufonf/
]]csif;csif;&,f ... tckvdk Nzpf&wmudk ...}}
&SD;[kef\ pum;rqkH;rD csif;csif;u Mum;Nzwfí ...
]]bmrS &Sif;NyraeygeJYawmh? uRefrwdkY tm;vkH;odNyD;ygNyD? wpfckyJ aNymcsifw,f? NzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if
&yfwef;u&yfyg? iJhnm§ p&m oHa,mZOfawGvnf; xyfwdk;vmawmhrSm r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f ... [kwfygw,f? wdkYvnf; aumif;aumif; aemifw&oGm;ygNyD? wdkYukd,fwkdY rSm;rSef;odygNyD}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif ydkifpkusifvnf; tcef;xJodkY avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufvm&m &SD;[kefaemufqkH;aNymvdkufaom
pum;rsm;udk aoaocsmcsmyif Mum;oGm;onf/
]][if ... wu,faNymwmvm; tpfudk}}
ydkifpkusifu vSKdufvSJpGmar;vdkufonf/ 0rf;omMunfEl;rSKudkvnf; ydkifpkusif xdef;csKyfrxm;Edkifawmh/
]]wu,faNymwmyg nDr&,f? tpfukdYtay:rSm nDrwdkY apwem b,favmufxm;w,fqdkwmudkvnf;
aumif;aumif;MuD; odygNyD? tpfudk wpfukd,faumif;pdwfeJY rSm;rdwmawGtwGufvnf; aemifw&NyD; 0rf;enf;vdkY
rqkH;ygbl;}}
&SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifudk vSrf;MunfhNyD; aNymonf/
&SD;[kef\ toHrSm aMuuGJqdkYepfaeonf/ rsufvkH;wGifvnf; rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0Jaeonf/
olYaNympum;rsm;onf &ifxJtonf;xJu ay:xGufvmonfh pum;rsm;NzpfaMumif; ydkifpkusifa&m csif;csif;yg
tuJcwf od&SdvdkufMuonf/
]]tpfuakd NymwJh pum;awGtwdik ;f wnfygapvdYk uRefrqkawmif;ygw,f? tpfuYkd &UJ toufukd u,fEikd af tmifvYkd
rrav;crsm b,favmufpGefYpm;cJh&w,fqdkwmudk tpfukd od&JUvm;}}
csif;csif;u rdrdudk ,cifu ac:a0:aeustwdkif; ]tpfudk} [k NyefvnfokH;ESKef; ac:a0:vmaomaMumifh
&SD;[kefrSm tawmfyif 0rf;aNrmuftm;wufoGm;onf/
]]wdkYvnf; owdvpfoGm;NyD;wJhaemuf bmudkrS rodawmhbl;? wdkYod&atmif aNymNyygvm;}}
&SD;[kefu csif;csif;udk ar;onf/
]]csif;csif;&,f ... eifhtpfudku tckrS owdNyef&cgpyJ &Sdao;w,f? acgif;at;at;eJY tem;,lygapOD;?
eifaNymp&m&SdwmawGudk aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; aNymvnf;&ygw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu Mum;0ifumaNymonf/
]]ud p ö r &S d y gbl ; nD r &,f ? tpf u k d tawmf a eaumif ; aeygNyD ? NyD ; awmh nD r b,f a vmuf ' k u © c H
vkyfaqmifcJh&w,fqdkwmudkvnf; tpfudkodcsifygw,f? csif;csif;udk aNymcGifhay;vdkufyg}}
&SD;[kefu cGifhawmif;vm&m ydkifpkusifrSmvnf; rwwfomawmhbJ csif;csif;udk tomacgif;qwfNyvdkufonf/
þwGif csif;csif;u a&Smifvif*dkPf;odkY ydkifpkusif pGefYpm;oGm;um 0dnmOfcsKyf tqdyfaNztoufu,faq;udk
t&,lcJhykH taMumif;rsm; &SD;[keftm; aNymNyvdkufonf/
]]nDrpkusifu tpfuYkd twGuf odyu f pkd eG Yf pm;vkyaf qmifc&hJ wmyJu;kd ? nDr&JU aus;Zl;aMumifh tpfukd 'kw, d tMudrf
quftouf&Sifae&NyefNyD? trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,fuG,f}}
51
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif; aNymNyí taMumif;pkH Mum;od&NyD;aemuf &SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifudk vSrf;Munfhum vSKdufvSKdufvSJvSJ
aus;Zl;wifpum; aNymonf/
]]uJ ... tpfudkYtaMumif;udkvnf; uRefrwkdY tpkHtvifod&atmif aNymNyygvm;}}
csif;csif;u &SD;[kefudk ar;vdkufNyefonf/
]]tpfudk[m e*g;euf*dkPf;u odkif;orm;wpfa,mufygyJ}}
&SD;[kefu olYtaMumif;udk pwifaNymNyonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf; [laom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESm
wpfa,muf MunfhrdMuavonf/
e*g;euf*P kd ;f \ *dP k ;f csKyfrmS vnf; e*g;u0d ckepfqwl iG f wpfa,muftygt0ifNzpfonf/ e*g;euf*P kd ;f onf
pnf;pdrfOpömudk rufarmum vrf;rSm;udk a&mufvkqJqJ taNctaewGif &Sdaeonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u wNcm;e*g;u0d aNcmufqlwdkY&JU odkif;ynmudk vdkcsifwmaMumifh enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;okH;NyD;
MudK;pm;w,f? nDrpkusif[m e*g;NzL ydkifusifvkH&JU orD;NzpfNyD; tdrfuae xGufvmwmudk odwmaMumifh pkusifeJY
&if;ESD;atmifvkyfNyD; e*g;NzLu0draem odkif;ynmudk t&,lay;zdkY tpfudkYudk wm0efay;apcdkif;vdkufwmyJ}}
&SD;[kefu ydkifpkusifESifh &if;ESD;cGifh&&Sd&eftwGuf [efMuLNrdKYwGif [efaqmifwdkufyGJqifcJhykH? 'Pf&m&atmifvkyfí
u0dewfbk&m;ausmif;wGif vJaecJhykH? avmfyefNrpfxJwGif avSwpfpif;ESifh apmifhaecJhykHrsm;udk xkwfazmfaNymNy\/
ydik pf u
k siEf iS hf csi;f csi;f wdYk onf rnfoYkdrQ Mum;0ifum raNymbJ &S;D [keaf Nymonfrsm;udo
k m em;axmifaeMuonf/
]]tpfukdYtay:rSm nDrpkusifeJY nDr csif;csif;wdkYu wu,fhudkpdwfaumif;apwemaumif; xm;cJhMuwmudk
tpfudk odcJhwm MumygNyD? *dkPf;csKyfMuD; apcdkif;vdkufwmudk vnf; pdwfygvufyg vkyfray;csifawmhwm MumygNyD?
'gayr,fh trSeftwdkif;aNym&&if *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk rqefYusif&JcJhbl;? 'gaMumifhvnf; olYqDu vufyg;ap
odkif;orm;ESpfa,muf a&mufvmMuwJhtcgrSm wdkYwwfxm;orQ e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;uGuf &SpfuGuf a&;rSwfxm;wJh
pmtkyfudk oGm;ay;cJh&wmyg? 'gayr,fh a>rewfom;Z&yfudk a&mufawmhwdkYeJY csdef;qdkxm;wJh vlESpfa,mufr[kwfbJ
wNcm;vl E S p f a ,muf Nzpf a eNyD ; wd k u f c d k u f a eMuwk e f ; csif ; csif ; a&muf v mawmh w myJ ? tck a wmh tpf u d k
,wdNywfq;Hk Nzwfvu kd yf gNyD? vrf;rSm;udak &mufawmhr,fh e*g;euf*P kd ;f eJYvnf; tqufNzwfypfvu dk rf ,f? a&SUavQmufNyD;
nDrwkdYeJY twlwlvufwGJvdkY vrf;rSefrSmyJ avQmufawmhr,fvdkY qkH;NzwfvkdufygNyD}}
&SD;[kefu ol\aemifw&rSKudk vSKdufvSJpGm xkwfazmfaNymvm&m ydkifpkusifrSm txl;yif MunfEl;yDwdNzpf&onf/
csif;csif;rSmvnf; tawmfyif auseyf0rf;omoGm;awmhonf/
]]uRefr wpfckaNymcsifw,f rrav;}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk vSrf;Munfh&if;aNymonf/
]]aNymav ...}}
ydkifpkusifu acgif;ndwfum cGifhay;vdkufonf/
]]e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef; txdcH&ayr,fh tpfukd&SD;[kef toufraowJhtaMumif;udk ocifMuD;wdkY
Mum;odoGm;&if xyfNyD; &efrlvmEdkifw,f? 'gaMumifh uRefrwkdYwawG 'Dae&mrSm qufraeawmhbJ a&Smifwdrf;oGm;Mu&if
aumif;r,fvdkY xifygw,f}}
csif;csif;u olr\ pkd;&drfylyefae&rSKudk xkwfazmfaNymvdkufonf/
]]tif; ... [kwfw,f? tpfudk&SD;[kef&JU usef;rma&;taNctae ydkaumif;vm&if 'Dae&mu a&TUaNymif;Muwmaygh?
b,fvdkoabm&vJ[if tpfudk}}
ydkifpkusifu &SD;[kefudk vSrf;Munfhum oabmxm;awmif;cHvdkufonf/
]]aumif;ygw,fuG,f? nDrwdkY oifhavsmfovdkom pDpOfMuyg? tif; ... e*g;u0dckepfazmfwdkY[m udk,fwwfwJh
u0draem okdif;ynmusifhpOfudk wNcm;e*g;u0dawG&JU wynfhawGudkyg oifNyay;vdkuf&if u0draemodkif;usifhpOf
ckepfrsKd;vkH; wwfaNrmufwJh odkif;tausmftarmfawG ay:vmrSmyJaemf}}
&SD;[kefu tMuHay;ovdk aNymMum;onf/
]]tpfudkaNymwJh tpDtpOfrsKd;udk uRefrwdkY&JU bdk;ab;bDbifawGu prf;vkyfMunfhcJhMuNyD;ygNyD}}
ydkifpkusifu NyefaNymonf/
52
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tJ'Dvdk prf;vkyfMunfhMuawmh ratmifNrifbl;vm;}}
]]ratmifNrifcJhygbl;}}
]][if ... bmaMumifh ratmifNrifwmvJ}}
]]twdkqkH;aNym&&if wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf ,kHMunfpdwfcsrSK r&SdMuvdkYaygh tpfudk&,f}}
]][kdt&ifwkef;u rNzpfEdkifayr,fh tck tpfudkwkdY acwfus&if Nzpfatmif MudK;pm;MunfhMuwmaygh?
e*g;euf*dkPf;twGuf tpfukdu MudK;yrf;Munfhr,f? nDrwdkY e*g;NzLa*[mtwGuf nDrwdkYu MudK;pm;Munfhaygh}}
]]rvG,yf gbl; tpfu&kd ,f? e*g;NzLa*[meJY e*g;euf*P kd ;f wdYk oabmwlnrD KS &MuNyDyxJ m;? usew f hJ e*g;0g*dP
k ;f ?
e*g;pdrf;*kdPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;awGu oabmwlMuzdkY rvG,fygbl;? vGefcJhwJh
ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfavmufu odkif;ynmcsif;zvS,fzdkY e*g;u0dESpfa,muftMum;rSm oabmwlcJhMuzl;w,f?
'gayr,fh wNcm; oabmrwlwJh tkyfpkig;pku qefYusifNyD; 0dkif;wdkufcdkufMuvdkY aoG;acsmif;pD;wdkufyGJawG NzpfcJhzl;w,f?
'DaeY tpfudku tJ'DtpDtpOfrsKd; vkyfzdkY MudK;pm;&if wpfcguvdkyJ wdkufcdkufowfNzwfrSKawG NzpfvmEdkifw,fqkdwm
xnfhpOf;pm;ygOD;}}
&SD;[kefrSm ol\rdkufNypfrsm;udk aemifw&aeNyDNzpfaomfvnf; odkif;ynmESifh ywfoufírl avmb&r®ufudk
rxdef;Edkifao;ay/ xdwfxdwfMuJ odkif;orm;wpfa,muftNzpf ausmfMum;vdkrSKu &Sdaeao;onf/
olYpum;rqkH;rD csif;csif;u Mum;0ifí ...
]]'Dr,f tpfudk&SD;[kef? u0draemodkif; usifhpOfckepfrsKd;vkH; wwfaNrmufzdkYudpu ö dk cPab;z,fxm;vdkufygOD;?
tck avmavmq,f ta&;MuD;aewJhudpöudk t&ifvkyfzdkY aumif;w,f? tEÅ&m,fu uRefrwdkYtay:rSm tcsdefra&G;
usa&mufEdkifw,f? tJ'DtEÅ&m,fudk a&Smifwdrf;EdkifzdkYtwGufyJ t"duxm; pOf;pm;zdkYoifhw,f}}
]]tif; ... tif; ... [kwfygw,f ... [kwfygw,f/ aemufwpf&ufESpf&ufavmufqdk&if wdkYvnf;
aumif;aumif;aeaumif;aeNyD? 'Dae&muae ta0;udk a&Smifwdrf;xGufoGm;Muwmaygh}}
csif;csif;\ pum;u taNctaeESifh vdkufavsmnDaxG NzpfaeonfrdkY &SD;[kef acgif;ndwfvdkuf&awmhonf/

53
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (7)
uGrfwkef;ESifh zkusifhNynfe,fwdkYudk qufoG,fxm;onfh c&D;a0;vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD;onf
cyfoGufoGuf c&D;ESifvsuf&Sdonf/
xdkNrif;vSnf;rSm &SD;[kefwdkYwpfawG iSm;&rf;xm;aom Nrif;vSnf;Nzpfonf/
&SD;[kefwkdYonf usefMudK;NrdKYaetdrfudk &onfhaps;ESifh a&mif;csNyD; vloluif;a0;&mwGif ykef;atmif;aexdkif&ef
c&D;ESifvmMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
olwdkYokH;a,mufonf rlv&kyfoGifrsm;twdkif; r[kwfMu/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwdkYonf oufvwfydkif;t&G,f tvkyfMurf;orm; aus;awmom ZeD;armifESHtoGif
&kyfzsufxm;NyD; csif;csif;url toufq,fhaNcmufESpft&G,f orD;i,ftoGif &kyfzsufxm;onf/
okH;a,mufvkH;onf aeylrdk;&Gmra&Smif tvkyfMurf;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&olrsm;uJhodkY tom;ta&mif
ndKndKrnf;rnf; cyfMurf;Murf;Nzpfatmif &kyfzsufxm;Mu&m rlvu oefYNyefYacsmarmaom &kyf&nfrsm;ESifh
vkH;0qefYusifbuf Nzpfaeayonf/
xd k N rif ; vS n f ; ud k armif ; ES i f o l r S m þvrf ; c&D ; wG i f ES p f a ygif ; ok H ; q,f a usmf a usmf MumNrif h a tmif
Nrif;vSnf;armif;orm; vkyfpm;aeNyD; c&D;pOfwpfavQmufwGif vlodrsm;vSonfh avmufrmqdkolNzpfonf/
avmufrmonf toufig;q,fcefY&o dS nf/ Nrif;vSn;f armif; uRrf;usifonf/ pum;aNymvnf; aumif;onf/
xd k Y aMumif h pum;rsm;wwf a om csif ; csif ; ES i f h Nrif ; vS n f ; armif ; orm;MuD ; avmuf r mwd k Y rS m
rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif;ozG,f pum;awG aNymrqkH;atmif NzpfaeMuawmhonf/
csif;csif;onf avmufrmESifh [dktaMumif; onftaMumif; a&mufwwf&m&maNymqdk&if; c&D;vrf;yef;e,fy,f
taNctaeudk rodrom ar;Nref;pl;prf;Munfh&m avmufrmu þc&D;vrf;wGif e*g;euf*dkPf;u MuD;pkd;AdkvfusaeykH
taMumif;udk csif;csif;tm; aNymNyrdonf/
]]tckwavm e*g;euf*dkPf;u tawmfhudk aomif;usef;&rf;um; vmw,fuG,fh? 'DaumifawG[m
vlowf"m;NywdkufeJY raumif;rSKawGudkvnf; tawmfhudk vkyfaeMuw,f}}
avmufrmu aNymonf/
]]'DtaMumif;awGudk OD;OD;u udk,fwdkifawGYvdkY aNymaewmvm;}}
54
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;u avmufrmxHrS pum;rsm; ydkíxGufvmap&ef pum;axmufum ar;Nref;vdkufonf/
]]tukev f ;Hk ud,
k af wGUcsn;f yJawmh r[kwb
f ;l aygh? olrsm;aNymwmvnf; yg? uk, d w
f ikd af wGU&wmvnf; &Sw d maygh}}
]]OD;OD;&JU udk,fawGUtaMumif;udk aNymNyprf;ygOD;}}
]]qdkygpdkYuG,f ... a[m'D c&D;vrf;rSm t&ifuqdk&if usKyfwdkY pdwfwdkif;usoGm;vmEdkifw,f? tckawmh
Nrif;vSnf;c&JU okH;ykHwpfykH[m e*g;euf*dkPf;udk qufaMu;tNzpf ay;ae&w,f}}
]]olwdkYawmif;wdkif; OD;OD;wdkYu ay;&ovm;}}
]]bk&m; ... bk&m; ... ray;vdkY b,f&rvJuG,f? olwdkYudk uvefuqefvkyf&if aeYcsif;ncsif; aumif;aumif;
'ku©awGUoGm;rSmaygh? [m ... aNym&if;qdk&if; [kdrSmvmukefMuNyD}}
avmufrmu xdkokdYaNymNyD; Nrif;vSnf;aemufbufodkY vufnK§ d;xdk;Nyonf/
csif;csif;onf avmufrm vufn§Kd;nTefNy&modkY vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m olwdkY\ Nrif;vSnf;aemufbuf
cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif zkefvkH;MuD;rsm; xvmaeonfudk awGU&onf/
xdkzkefvkH;MuD;rSm Nrif;pD;orm;wpfpk Nrif;rsm;udk tNyif;pkdif;ESifvmaomaMumifh xvmonfh zkefvkH;MuD;
Nzpfayonf/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwdkYonf xkdzkefvkH;MuD;udk NrifawGUMu&onf/
cJreS zf ;l aom pmoli,fvkd Nzpfaeonfukd ydik pf u k sifonf tawmfyif xdwv f efYomG ;um t0wfNzifx h yk x
f m;onfh
"m;&Snfudk tomprf;Munfhvdkufonf/ ta&;MuKHvQif wdkufcdkuf&efvnf; toifhNyifxm;vkdufonf/
c&D;vrf;ESifh ywfoufí tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufaeol avmufrmonf Nrif;vSnf;udk qufrarmif;awmhbJ
vrf;ab;odkY tomcsum &yfwefYvdkufonf/
zkefvkH;MuD;u wNznf;Nznf; eD;vmonf/
Nrif;cGmoHrsm;udkyif aumif;pGm Mum;&NyDNzpfonf/
Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;onf tawmfyif tiftm;rsm;Nym;onf/ udk,fhvdyfNym udk,frvkHovdkNzpfaeMuaom
ydkifpkusifwdkYvlpkrSm tawmfyif pdwfvSKyf&Sm;um xdwfvefYwkefvSKyfaeMuonf/
Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;onf eD;onfxufeD;vmonf/ vltiftm;okH;q,fcefYrQ &Sdrnf/ vufeufrsKd;pkH
udkifaqmifxm;Muonf/ [ef[dwfuvnf; cufxefvSonf/
onfvrf;c&D;wGif onfvdk tiftm;rsKd;Nzifh vufeufudkifaqmifum [ef[dwfxkwf oGm;vmaeolrsm;rSm
e*g;euf*dkPf;0if odkif;orm;rsm;om NzpfzdkYrsm;onf/
e*g;euf * d k P f ; 0if r sm;u rd r d u k d rS w f r d o d & S d o G m ;vQif [ l a om tawG ; u yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y ud k
wkefvSKyfacsmufcsm;vmaponf/
Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;onf vrf;ray:wGif &yfwefYvdkufMuonf/ Nrif;pD;orm; tcsKdUu vrf;ray:rS zJMuOfum
Nrif;vSnf;udk 0ef;&HvdkufMuonf/
]]a[m ... q&mwdkYygvm;? uRefawmfu aNrbDvl;q&mMuD; &efwdwf&JU vufatmufu avmufrmyg cifAs}}
Nrif;vSnf;orm;MuD; avmufrmu ysmysmovJyif qD;MudKaNymonf/
]]&efwdwf&JU cGifhNyKrdefYtvHNyprf;}}
Nrif;vSnf;udk 0ef;&HvdkufMuaom Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;teufrS acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlolu aNymonf/
]][m ... &Sdygw,f? &Sdygw,f? q&mMuD; &efwdwf&JU cGifhNyKrdefYtvH rygbJ uRefawmfu b,fc&D;oGm;&JrSmvJ}}
avmufrmu aNymvnf;aNym Nrif;vSn;f xdik cf akH tmufrS aowåmav;wpfcu k v
kd nf; qG, J v l u kd o
f nf/ xdYk aemuf
aowåmudkzGifhNyD; tvHwpfckudk xkwfNyonf/
tvHrSm rnf;eufaom taumif;pm; ykd;pNzifh NyKvkyfxm;NyD; tvHay:wGif tNzLa&mif ydk;csnfNzifh
]c&D;oGm;cGifhNyKonf} [laom pmwef; a&;xdk;xm;onf/
xdktvHudk awGY&aomtcg avmufrmudk ppfaq;ar;Nref;aom vlMuD;\ rsufESmtrlt&m tenf;i,f
aysmhaysmif;vmonf/
]]at; ... [kwNf yD? tvHukd Nyeford ;f xm;vdu k ?f wpfcyk J ar;csiw f ,f? toufi,fi,f rde;f racsmav;ESpaf ,mufeYJ
&kyfoefYoefY vli,fwpfa,muf 'Dc&D;vrf;rSm awGUrdovm;}}
55
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]uRefawmfu 'DaeY c&D;xGufvmom vrf;rSm q&mwdkYeJYyJ qkHrdygao;w,f? wNcm;b,folYudkrS rawGUrdygbl;}}
]]cifAsm;&JU vSnf;ay:rSmaum b,folawGygvmovJ}}
]][m ... olwdkYu &yfa0;c&D;oGm;Mur,fh aus;awmom; tvkyfMurf;orm; rdom;pkyg? q&mwdkY
aNymwJhvlawGeJYawmh wNcm;pDygyJ}}
ppfar;aeaom vlMuD;u Nrif;vSnf;xJodkY tuJcwfovdk wpfcsufMunfhvdkufonf/
&k y f z suf x m;aom yd k i f p k u sif w d k Y u d k rnf o k d Y r Q oH o ,rNzpf a wmh b J auseyf o nf h toG i f N zif h o m
acgif;ndwfvdkufum ...
]]at; ... usKyfwYkd omG ;r,f? apmapmu aNymwJh vlo;Hk a,mufuakd wGU&if usKyfwYkd qu D kd csufcsif;taMumif;Mum;}}
]]pdwfcsygq&m? uRefawmfu q&mwdkYudk trSDNyKNyD; vkyfudkif&SmazGpm;aomufae&wJholyg? q&mwdkYtay:
opöm&Sdygw,f}}
]]taNymeJY tvkyfnDyapaemf? r[kwf&if 'ku©aumif;aumif; awGY&r,f}}
]][kwfuJhyg q&m ... [kwfuJh}}
avmufrm\ Nrif;vSnf;udk 0ef;&Hxm;Muaom Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;onf vrf;ray:&Sd Nrif;pD;orm;rsm;ESifh
Nyefvnfaygif;pnf;um Nrif;rsm;udk tNyif;pdkif;ESif xGufoGm;Muavonf/
Nrif;pD;orm;rsm; tawmfa0;a0;okdY a&mufoGm;rS avmufrmonf Nrif;vSnf;udk vrf;rMuD;ay: Nyefwifum
c&D;qufonf/
]]e*g;euf*dkPf;om;awG b,favmuf armufrm&rf;um;Muw,fqdkwm tck rif;udk,fawGYNrifNyD r[kwfvm;}}
c&D;qufESif&if; avmufrmu csif;csif;udk aNymonf/
]][kwfw,faemf OD;av;ygayvdkYyJ? EdkYr[kwf&if uRefrwdkYawmh rvG,fbl;}}
csif;csif;u Zufuav;ykum NyefaNymonf/
xdkokdYNyefaNym&if; olrpdwfxJwGif e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;u vltiftm; tvkH;t&if;Nzifh rdrdwdkYokH;a,mufudk
vdkufvH&SmazGaerSKudk awG;ylaerdonf/
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh vdkufvH&SmazGae&oenf;/
xd k t aMumif ; ud k &S D ; [k e f od a umif ; od a yrnf / od k Y aomf &k y f z suf t a,mif a qmif u m
c&D;ESifae&csdefNzpfaomaMumifh csif;csif; taeNzifh &SD;[kefudkvnf; rar;omay/
ol w d k Y o k H ; a,muf o nf e*g;NzLa*[m od k i f ; orm;rsm;\ tEÅ & m,f u d k a&S m if w d r f ; Ed k i f & ef ,ck v d k
xGufvmNcif;Nzpfonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;uyg olwdkYokH;a,muftaMumif;udk vdkufvHpkHprf;aeNyef&m olwdkYtzdkY bl;av;&m
z&kHqifhqdkonfh taNctaersKd; qdkufaeonf/
csif;csif;onf pdwfxJwGif awG;ylrdaomfvnf; avmufrmESifhrl axG&mav;yg; pum;rsm;udk trQifrNywfatmif
aNymqdkvmcJhonf/
csif ; csif ; onf avmuf r m\ Nrif ; vS n f ; Nzif h uG r f w k e f ; Nrd K Yod k Y oG m ;Murnf / xd k N rKd U rS w qif h
enf;vrf;wpfrsKd;aNymif;um c&D;qufMurnf Nzpfonf/
rdrdwdkY\ c&D;oGm;vmrSKudk tNcm;olrsm; r&dyfrd&avatmif trsKd;rsKd;aNymif;vJoGm;&ef &SD;[kefu
pDpOfcJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]uGrfwkef;NrKdUuae &kefcRef;NrdKUudk qufoGm;&wJh vrf;c&D;rSm "m;NyawG tawmfaomif;usef;aeMuw,f?
'gaMumifh owdxm;NyD;awmh oGm;zkdYawmh vkdvdrfhr,f}}
pum;pNrnf aNymqdkae&if; Nrif;vSnf;orm;MuD; avmufrmu csif;csif;udk a&SUqufoGm;&rnfh vrf;c&D;ESifh
ywfoufí owday;pum; aNymMum;onf/
]]"b,fvdk "m;NyawGvJ OD;OD;&JU}}
csif;csif;u pdwf0ifpm;[efNzifh pl;prf;onf/
]]ypönf;vkwJhtNyif vludkyg Nyefay;qGJMuwJh "m;NyawGvdkY owif;Mum;&wmyJ? usKyfu tJ'Dbufudk
c&D;roGm;zl;awmh wdwdusus raNymwwfbl;}}
56
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][m ... 'Dvdkqdk&ifawmh tcufyJ}}
csif;csif;u aMumufvefYonfhtoGif vkyfNyvdkuf\/
aus;awmolav; wpfa,muftoGif ta,mifaqmifxm;rSK yDyDNyifNyif &Sdap&efom csif;csif;rSm
aMumufvefYonfh trlt&m NyKvkyfvdkuf&aomfvnf; pdwfxJwGifrl aomif;usef;aeaom "m;Nyrsm;ESifh awGYygu
aumif;aumif;qkH;rvdkufrnf[k usdwfí MuKH;0g;aeonf/
csif;csif;onf toufi,f&G,fNyD; odkif;ynmvnf; wwfaNrmufolNzpf&m vlqdk; vlrdkufrsm;udk qkH;r&ef
vuf,m;aeolav; Nzpfonf/
]]odyaf MumufomG ;ovm;? c&D;oGm;&wm 'Dvakd yghu, G ?f a&mh rif;twGuf tumtuG,&f atmif 'gav;,lomG ;}}
avmufrmu xdkokdYaNym&if; vufokH;vkH;omomcefY&Sdonfh 0g;pdrf;Nym;av;wpfckudk xkwfay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]'D0g;pdrf;csyf[m usKyf&JUrdwfaqG wpfa,muf ay;xm;cJhwmyJ? uGrfwkef;NrdKYeJY &kefcRef;NrdKUtMum;rSm
ta&;taMumif; wpfcck Mk uKH&if 'D0g;pdr;f csyfav;udk xkwNf yzdYk rSmxm;w,f? tumtuG,o f abmawmh &Edik yf gvdrrhf ,f}}
]][m ... aus;Zl;ygyJ OD;OD;&,f}}
csif;csif;u tvGefyif aus;Zl;wif0rf;omonfh toGifrsKd;NyKum avmufrmay;onfh 0g;pdrf;csyfav;udk
,lxm;vdkufonf/
csif;csif;ESihf ydik pf u
k sifwYkd onf avmufrm\ aysmfaysmf&iT &f iT f aewwfoavmuf wzufom;udk ulnw D wfonfh
pdwf"mwfudk pdwfxJrS usdwfum csD;rGrf;rdonf/
tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;ESifh &ifqdkif&onfh tcsdefwGif wwfpGrf;orQ ulnDyhHydk;olomvQif ppfrSefaom
rdwfaqGaumif; Nzpfonf/
xdkaeYnaeydkif;avmufwGif ydkifpkusifwdkYonf uGrfwkef;NrdKUokdY a&muf&SdoGm;Muonf/
uGrfwkef;NrdKUü wpfnwm&yfem;NyD; aemufwpfaeYwGif c&D;qufum xGufvmcJhMuonf/
ydkifpkusifwdkYvlpk uGrfwkef;NrdKUrS c&D;qufvufxGufvmcJhMuonf/
olwdkYonf uGrfwkef;NrdKUodkY vmpOf toGiftNyifrsKd; r[kwfMuawmh/
&kyfzsuf ta,mifaqmifNcif;rNyKMuawmhbJ rlv&kyfoGiftwdkif;yif Nrif;udk,fpD pD;um xGufvmMuonf/
uGrfwkef;NrdKUrS &kefcRef;NrdKUodkY oGm;&mvrf;c&D;onf vufeufudkif vlqdk; "m;Nyrsm; aomif;usef;aeonfh
ae&mNzpfonf/
&dk;&dk;ukefonf yGJpm; c&D;oGm;rsm; &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh oGm;vmMu&onf/ oGm;vm&mwGifvnf; wpfa,mufp
ESpfa,mufp vlenf;pkNzifh roGm;&J? vlpkvla0;aumif;aumif;Nzifhom c&D;oGm;0HhMuonf/
ydkifpkusifwdkY okH;a,mufrSmrl bmudkrQ aMumuf&GHUNcif;r&SdbJ Nrif;rsm;udk cyfoGufoGufpD;um c&D;ESifí
aeMuonf/
]]uRefrwdkYaemufudk e*g;euf*dkPf;uvlawG bmaMumifh owif;teHYcHNyD; vdkuf&SmaeMuwmvJ ... [if}}
csif;csif;u olr odvdkaomfvnf; ar;Nref;&ef tcGifhromcJhaomaMumifh rsKdodyfxm;&onfh udpöudk
xkwfar;vdkufonf/
]]t&if w k e f ; uawmh wd k Y b,f u d k o G m ;oG m ; b,f v d k v S K yf & S m ;vS K yf & S m ; e*g;euf * d k P f ; ud k
vQKdU0SuftaMumif;Mum;cJhw,f? tckawmh olwdkYudk b,fvdkrS taMumif;rMum;bJ xGufvmwmaMumifh olwdkYeJY
vrf;cGJoGm;w,fqdkwm &dyfrdNyD; vdkufpkHprf;&SmazGMuwm NzpfEdkifw,f}}
&SD;[kefu NyefaNymonf/
]]'gqdk&if uRefrwdkY[m e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awGudk a&Smifwdrf;&&kHomrubJ e*g;euf*dkPf;udkyg
a&Smifwdrf;&awmhrSmaygh? tif; tEÅ&m,f ydkrsm;vmNyDaemf}}
]]'gawGudk awG;NyD; ylyefraeygeJY rrav;&,f? vloluif;a0;wJh ae&m wpfae&m&mudk a&G;cs,fNyD;
tomykef;atmif; Zmwf`r§Kyfaevdkuf&if 'D&efawG at;oGm;rSmyg}}
csif;csif;u tm;ay;pum; aNymonf/
tm;ay;pum;om aNym&onf? e*g;NzLa*[mESifh e*g;euf*dkPf;wdkY\ pufuGif;rS a&Smifwdrf;ykef;atmif;aezdkY
rvG,faMumif;udk csif;csif; aumif;aumif;odonf/
57
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olwdkYonf pum;qufraNymbJ tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfoufpGm c&D;ESifvmcJhMuonf/
c&D;ESifvmí twefMumaomtcgwGif tEÅ&m,f\ a&SUaNy;tcsufNyrSKwpfckudk awGUMu&avawmhonf/
]]0SD; ...}}
avxkukd cGi;f um Nyif;xefaom t&Sed t f [keNf zifh rD;`r§m;wpfpif; ay:xGuv
f monf/ rD;`r§m;onf ydik pf u
k sifwYkd \
acgif;ay:rSNzwfum opfNzLyifMuD;wpfyifwGif oGm;pdkufaeonf/
ydkifpkusifwkdY okH;a,muf Nrif;rsm;udk ZufwkHYum&yfvdkufMuonf/
]]a[m ... 'gu b,fvkd[mvJ}}
&SD;[kefu xdwfvefY[efNzifh a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
]]'Dvrf;c&D;rSm aomif;usef;aew,fqdkwJh "m;NyawG NzpfEdkifw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu aNymonf/
]]"m;NyawGudk bmrsm;aMumufaep&m&SdvJ rrav;&,f}}
csif;csif;u bmudkrQ rrSKonfhtoGif Nzpfaeonf/
olwdkYokH;a,mufonf rD;`r§m;Nzifh ypfcwfum tcsufNyonfudk b,fvkdrS ta&;rxm;MubJ Nrif;rsm;udk
tompdkif;um qufvufc&D;ESifMuonf/
rMumyg/
]]0SD; ... 0DS;}}
rD;`r§m;ESpfpif; qufvufay:vmNyefonf/ apmapmuenf;wl ydkifpkusifwdkY okH;a,muf\ acgif;ay:rSNzwfum
opfyifMuD;wpfyifwGif oGm;pdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifwdkYu xdkrD;`r§m;ESpfpif; xGufay:vmonfudk ta&;yif rvkyfMubJ Nrif;rsm;udk [efrysuf
qufESifaeNyefonf/
]]t&Judk;NyD; a&SUwdk;r,f MuHwmvm;? Zufaumif;vdkY "m;awmif;w,f rSwfw,f}}
ydkifpkusifwdkY\ at;pufpufESifh tav;rxm;onfh tNyKtrludk cHNyif;onfhtvm; atmf[pfNcdrf;aNcmufoH
ay:vmonf/
]]b,fuMuGufpkwftoHvJ rrav;? toHyJMum;&NyD; bmudkrS rNrif&ygvm;? trSKdufykHMum;rSm ykef;aew,f
xifyg&JU}}
csif;csif;u ydkifpkusifudk aNymovkdvdkESifh toH&Sifudk ESdrfcsum qdkvdkufonf/
]]MuGufpkwftoH r[kwfygbl;uG,fh}}
ydkifpkusifu NyefaNymonf/
]]'gNzifh bmoHvJ}}
]]xrif;usef [if;usefawG cdk;pm;aewJh acG;0Jpm; tloHyg}}
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wdkY tNyeftvSef aNympum;rsm;aMumifh wpfzufvlrSm ydkí a'goxGufoGm;[efwlonf/
]]awmuf ... w,fvnf; ESKwfp tmp aumif;Muwmudk;? avmuMuD;rSm touf&Sifae&wm NiD;aiGYNyD;
i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJY aocsifaeNyDxifw,f? uJ ... ighvlawG taMumif;NyvdkufMuprf;}}
xdkvl\ pum;oHtqkH;wGif teD;0ef;usif opfyifMuD;rsm;ay:rS "m;Nyrsm;onf arsmufvGJausmfrsm;vdk
opfyifopfukdif;rsm;ukd wGJcdkum wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf atmufokdY ckefqif;vmMuonf/
xdkvlpk pum;wpfpkHwpf&m raNymbJ ydkifpkusifwdkYudk 0ef;&Hxm;vdkufMuonf/
]]wpfaumif ... ESpfaumif? tJav ... wpfa,muf ESpfa,muf okH;a,muf ... tr,f tm;vkH;
okH;q,fhig;a,mufawmifygvm;}}
csif;csif;onf opfyifay:rS qif;vmMuolrsm;udk vufndK§ ;wxdk;xdk;ESifh wpfa,mufcsif;pD vdkufvHa&wGufNyD;
ceJYwJhwJh aNymvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif "m;Nyacgif;aqmif Nzpf[efwlaom t&yfNrifhNrifh rkwfqdwfarG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;wpfa,muf
vufESpfzufudk aemufypfum aNcvSrf;rSefrSefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;vmonf/

58
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]okH;q,fhaNcmufa,muf&SdNyD? wpfa,muf vdkaeygao;vm;? bmvdkY xGufrvmwmvJ}}
csif;csif;u toHus,fus,fESifh aNymonf/
]][kwfw,f ... 'gayr,fh vdkaewJhwpfa,mufu tNyifxGufvmrSm r[kwfbl;}}
ydkifpkusifu aumufcsufcsonf/
]][if ... bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}
]]taNctaeraumif;&if rD;Nr§m;eJY igwdkYudk vSrf;ypfEdkifatmifvdkY ykef;atmif;NyD; acsmif;aewmav}}
rdrdwdkYbufrS vlolrnfrQ&Sdaeonfudk 'ufceJrSefatmif aNymcsEdkifonfhtwGuf "m;Nyrsm; xdwfvefYoGm;Muum
wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf MunfhvdkufMuonf/
ydik pf u
k sifwYkd rmS twGi;f tm;aumif;NyD; tMum;tm&kH xufNrufonft h wGuf wpfzufvrl sm;\ touf&LS oHrsm;?
vSKyf&Sm;oHrsm;udk Mum;&&kHNzifh vloltiftm; rnfrQ&Sdonfudk twdtus aNymEdkifNcif; Nzpfayonf/
]]rrav; aNymwm NzpfEdkifygw,f? NyD;awmh olwdkYvlawG r[ef&if a&SUqkH;u xGufaNy;EdkifatmifvdkY
ykef;atmif;usefcJhwmaum rNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
csif;csif;\ csufusvufus aNymvdkufaom pum;aMumifh ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwdkYrSm w[m;[m;
&,farmvdkufMuonf/
olwdkYokH;a,mufonf 0ef;&Hxm;aom "m;Nyrsm;udk zkwfavonfh ig;yd &Sdonf[kyif rxifonfhoabmrsKd;
aNymqdkaeMu&m "m;Nyrsm;rSm tawmfyif &SdefoGm;Muonf/
od k Y aomf i,f & G , f a om rd e f ; uav;ES p f a ,muf E S i f h vk v if y sKd w pf a ,muf tm;vk H ; aygif ;
okH;a,mufrQom&Sdonf[laom todNzifh aoG;rsm; NyefMuGvmMuonf/
]][dwf ... rif;wdkYudk "m;NywdkufaewmuG? awmaNymawmifaNym avQmufaNymraeeJY? toufraocsif&if
Nrif;ay:u qif;vdkufMuprf;}}
rkwfqdwfarG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;u cyfqwfqwfaNymvdkuf\/
]]uRefrwpfoufrSm 'Dvdk&dkif;&dkif;pdkif;pkdif; awmif;&rf;wwfwJhvlrsKd; rMuKHzl;ygvm;? 'Dvdk a[mha[mh&rf;&rf;
awmif;pm;aevdkYuawmh b,folu pGefYMuJrSmvJ}}
csif;csif;u "m;Nyrsm;udk ESdrfum aNymvdkufNyefonf/
rk w f q d w f a rG ; xl x l E S i f h "m;Nyacgif ; aqmif r S m pd w f r &S n f E d k i f a wmh b J ol Y vl r sm;ud k wd k u f c d k u f & ef
atmf[pftrdefYay;vdkufavonf/
]]'DvlokH;a,mufudk wpfa,mufrS t&Sifrxm;eJY? tukefowfypfMuprf;}}
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifu atmf[pf trdefYay;vdkufonf/
"m;Nyrsm;onf csufcsif;yif vSKyf&Sm;vmMuonf/ olwdkY rsufpdxJwGif rsufrkef;tusKd;qkH;? rcHr&yfEdkifzG,f
pum;rsm;Nzifh pGmus,fpGmus,f taNymwwfqkH;Nzpfonfh csif;csif;udk Nrifpuwnf;u aw;rSwfxm;cJhMuonf/ ,ck
olwdkY\ "m;Nyacgif;aqmifu trdefYay;vmaomtcg tuGufaumif;qdkufNyD[k xifrSwfvdkufMuonf/ olwdkY\
wdkufcdkufrSK OD;wnfcsufu csif;csif;qDodkY/
vufeufudkif "m;NyokH;a,mufu csif;csif;udk 0dkif;0ef;xdk;ckwf wdkufcdkufMuonf/
csif;csif;onf olr\ udk,fcE¨mudk nmbufokdY &kwfw&ufwdrf;í tomt,m vSKyf&Sm;NyD; "m;Ny\ vufxJrS
"m;&dk;udk qwfceJ qkyfzrf;vdkufonf/
xdk"m;ESifhyif usef"m;NyESpfa,muf\ vufeufrsm;udk b,fNyef nmNyef &dkufxkwfypfvdkufonf/
"m;NyESpfa,muf\ vufrS vufeufrsm; vGwfxGufoGm;onf/
csi;f csi;f onf xdrk QEiS hf &yfwefYraebJ aNcysu H efcsurf sm;Nzifh "m;Nyok;H a,mufukd qufwu kd u
f efxnfv h u
kd o f nf/
"m;NyokH;a,muf yufvufvefum vJusukefonf/ "m;Nywpfa,muf\ "m;&SnfrSmvnf; csif;csif;\
vufxJodkY a&mufoGm;avNyD/
&dk;&dk;c&D;oGm;rsm;tay:wGif Ncif;xJrS Muufuav; iSufuav;rsm;udk tEdkifusifhovdk pdwfxifwdkif;
ESdyfpufowfNzwfaecJhMuaom "m;Nyrsm;rSm olwdkYudk EdkifonfhvlESifh awGU&onfwGif tvdkvdk xdwfvefYum
aemufqkwfukefMuawmhonf/
59
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]b,fvdkNzpfukefMuwmvJ? a&SUwdk;av ... vmMuprf;yg}}
csif;csif;u "m;&Snfudk [efygyg a0SY,rf;&if; avoHat;at;ESifh aNym\/
]]rif;wdkY b,folawGvJ aNymprf;}}
rkwfqdwfarG;xllxlESifh "m;Nyacgif;aqmifu csif;csif;wdkYudk rsufarSmifMuKwfum MunfhNyD;ar;\/
]]w,f[kwfygvm;? bmvJ ... uRefrwdkYemrnfawG odNyD;&if &Sifu aemiftcGifhMuKHwJhtcg NyefwkHYNyefr,f
bmnmaNymNyD; a&Smifwdrf;xGufaNy;rvdkYvm;}}
csif;csif;\ csufusvufus aNymvkdufrIaMumifh "m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm t&SufMuD; &SufoGm;onf/
csif;csif;aNymovdkyif olYtaeESifh a&Smifwdrf;&ef pdwful;xm;NyD;vnf; Nzpfonf/
]]a[haumifawG wdkufMu ... tukef0dkif;wdkufMu}}
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifu &Su&f rf;&rf;um atmf[pftrdeYf ay;aeaomfvnf; usef"m;Nyi,fom;wdYk rmS wpfa,mufrQ
a&SUodkYrwdk;0HhMuacs/ csif;csif;udkom aMumufvefYpGm MunfhaeMuonf/
]]'Dr,f ... 'Dr,f &Siuf "m;Nyacgif;aqmify?J vk,ufvYkd&wJh ypön;f awGqkd &Siu
f trsm;qk;H ,lwmyJ r[kwv f m;?
'Dawmh &SifyJ t&ifqkH;wufvmcJhprf;yg}}
csif;csif;u "m;Nyacgif;aqmifudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; aNymvdkufonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm yxrwGifawmh wGefYqkwfwGefYqkwf Nzpfaeao;onf/
]]vmyg&Sifh b,fvdkvJ? "m;Nyacgif;aqmifvkyfNyD; 'Davmufawmif owådenf;&ovm;}}
csif;csif;u xyfrHaNymvdkuf&m "m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm t&SufMuD; &Suf&rnfh taNctaewGif rxl;awmh[k
&Suf&rf;&rf;onfh taeNzifh "m;&Snfudk qGJxkwfum csif;csif;udk 0ifa&mufckwfydkif;avawmh\/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifonf i,fom;rsm;a&SUwGif &Suf&SufNzifh &rf;orf;wdkufcdkufNcif;om Nzpfonf/ olYtaeNzifh
csif;csif;udk r,SOf&Jay/
xdkYaMumifh csif;csif;u "m;&Snfudk0ifhum Nyefvnfwdkufcdkuf&ef NyifvdkufonfESifh "m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm
"m;csif;yif rqdkif&JbJ aemufodkY ckefqkwfoGm;\/
]]cpf ... cpf ... cpf ... uRefru &Sifhudk Nyefrwdkufao;ygbl;? odkif;uGufwpfuGufwnf;eJY ta&;edrfhoGm;&&if
&SifhtzdkY odu©musp&m r[kwfvm;? uJ ... uJ ... MudK;pm;Munfhprf;ygOD;&Sif}}
csif;csif;u avSmifaNymif&,farmum aNymvdkufonf/
olr\ pum;rSm "m;Nyacgif;aqmifudk oufnm§ ovdkvdkrsKd; xif&aomfvnf; wu,fawmh tMuD;tus,f
t&Suf&aprnfh pum;rsm;Nzpfayonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm a&SUwdk;&cuf aemufqkwf&tcufESifh bmvkyf&rnfrSef;rodbJ csif;csif;udkom
rsufvkH;tNyL;om;ESifh pdkufMunfhaeonf/
olonf csif;csif;wdkY okH;a,mufudk tvG,fwul wdkufcdkufvk,ufEdkifrnf[k xifcJhonf/ ,ckawmh
txifESifhtNrif ygpifatmif vGJ&acsNyD/
a&a>rtxifESifh zrf;cJh&m tqdyfNyif;onfh a>rayG;NzpfaeaMumif; ,ckrS od&avNyD/
csif;csif;u Nrif;ay:rS qwfceJ ckefqif;vkdufonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifonf tvefYwMum;yif aemufodkY ckefqkwfoGm;onf/ tvefYwMum; qkwfvdkufonfrdkY
[efcsufudkEdkifatmif rxdef;EdkifbJ udk;&dk;um;,m; NzpfoGm;onf/
"m;Nyi,fom;rsm;rSmvnf; aemufokdY aNcESpfvSrf;qD qkwfoGm;MuNyefonf/
]][dwf ... aNy;r,f rMuHMueJYaemf? wpfa,mufrS toufcsrf;om&m&rSm r[kwfbl;}}
csif;csif;u Mudrf;armif;vkdufonf/
"m;Nyi,fom;rsm; aNcvSrf;wkYHoGm;um qD;&Gufavmuf rsufESmav;rsm;ESifh aMumufvefYpGm &yfaeMuonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmif udk,fwdkifrSmvnf; ausm&dk;wpfavQmuf pdrfhcsrf;oGm;atmifyif aMumufvefYae&Smonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifonf csif;csif;udk ,SOfrwdkuf&Jawmh/ okdYaomf "m;Nyi,fom;rsm;a&SUarSmufwGif
vufaNr§muft&HI;ay;&rnfukdvnf; rvkyfvdk/

60
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
acR;tNyefom; rsufvkH;tNyL;om;ESifh csif;csif;udk Munfhaeonf/
ydkifpkusifu taNctaeudk &dyfrdaomaMumifh Mum;0ifum xdef;ay;vdkufonf/
]]uJ ... uJ ... 'Davmufqdk&if awmfavmufa&maygh? &SifwdkY b,ftzGJUuvJ qdkwmudkom rSefrSefaNym}}
ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udk [efYwm;NyD; "m;Nyacgif;aqmiftm; qufí ar;cGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifrSm ydkifpkusif\ pum;aNymifh tawmfyif touf&ªacsmifoGm;um ...
]]uRefawmfhemrnf xefcsDqdkif;vdkY ac:ygw,f? tvkyftudkif tayguftvrf; rwnfhwmaMumifh MuHrdMuH&m
vk,ufwdkufcdkuf pm;aomufaeMuwmyg? *dkPf;tzGJY&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdygbl;}}
ydkifpkusiftaeNzifh vufaMumwif;atmif vkyfudkifNcif;rNyKbJ olwpfyg;tay: tEdkifusifhvk,ufrIudk
b0ifrusEdkifay/
]]&SifwdkYu b,f*dkPf;tzGJUurS r[kwfbJeJY bmaMumifh 'Davmufawmif vltiftm; vufeuftiftm;
awmifhwif;aeMuwmvJ}}
ydkifpkusif ar;Nref;rnfqdkyguvnf; ar;Nref;p&myif/
"m;Nyrsm;\ tiftm;onf tawmfyifrsm;Nym;onf/ pkpkpnf;pnf;vnf; &Sdonf/ udkifaqmifMuonfh
vufeufawGuvnf; tawmfpkHvifonf/
Nzpf o vd k aygif ; pyf u m vk , uf w d k u f c d k u f a eMuonf h "m;Nyvl p k E S i f h rwl b J *d k P f ; tzG J Y wpf c k \
*dkPf;cGJwpfcGJtoGifrsKd; &Sdaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
]]'De,fw0dkufu taNctaerJhwJhvlawGudk uRefawmfupkpnf;NyD; acgif;aqmifaewmyg? vufeufawGuvnf;
'DvdkyJ wNznf;Nznf; pkaqmif;&&Sdxm;Muwmyg? c&D;vrf;rSm toGm;tvmursm;awmh tawmftvkyfNzpfwmaMumifh
tiftm;ydkrsm;vmcJhwmygyJ}}
]]vk,ufwu kd cf u
kd w
f hJ tvkyaf wGukd &yfwef;u&yfNyD; aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f vkypf m;Muyg? uRerf wdYk &Siw f Ykdukd
&uf&ufpufpuf owfNzwfNyD; 'Pfrcwfcsifbl;}}
]]rrav;&,f ... uRefawmfu 'DtvkyfudkyJ vkyfwwfygw,f? 'gav;rS rvkyf&&if uRefawmfwdkY iwfNywf
aoMuzdkYyJ &Sdygw,f? uRefawmfwdkYudk wcgwnf;om owfoGm;ygawmh}}
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifu rsufESmi,fav;Nzifh c,awmif;yefonf/
csif ; csif ; u "m;Nyacgif ; aqmif \ tNyKtrl u d k Nrif N yif ; uwf a omaMumif h a&S U od k Y v S p f c eJ w d k ; um
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifudk yg;ydwf&dkufypfvdkufonf/
]]Nzef; ...}}
]][dwf ... rvkyfeJYav}}
ydkifpkusifu vSrf;atmf[efYwm;aomfvnf; r&awmh/
vufNrefvSaom csif;csif;rSm "m;Nyacgif;aqmifudk yg;&dkufvdkufNyD; Nzpfonf/
a'goNzpfNzpfESifh tm;xnfh&dkufvdkufcsif;NzpfonfhtwGuf &dkufcsufrSm tawmfNyif;onf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmif xefcsDqdkif;\ yg;NyifwGif vuf0g;&mMuD;xifum EIwfcrf;ab;pGef; wzufwcsufrSvnf;
aoG;rsm; ,dkusvmonf/
]]&SifwdkY w,fcufygvm;? uRefru &SifwdkYudk vrf;rSefa&mufapcsifvdkY aNymaewm&Sifh}}
ykdifpkusifu xefcsDqdkif;udk aNymvdkufNyefonf/
]]rrav;&JU apwemudk uRefawmfwdkY em;vnfygw,f? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkYrSm bmynmrS rwwfMuygbl;?
'Dawmh b,fvdkvkyfNyD; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;NyK&rSmvJ cifAsm}}
xefcsDqdkif;\ pdwfysuftm;avsmhpGm aNymaompum;aMumifh csif;csif;rSm a'goNzpfoGm;um wpcef;
xvmNyefonf/
]]xDG ... cE¨mudk,fu usm;udk;pD;pm;rukefwJh a,mufsm;MuD;NzpfNyD; 'Dpum;rsKd; aNym&ovm;? &Sif[m
xef;vnfqpfusKd; tkef;cg;v,fywfvdk tokH;ruswJh vlpm;yJ}}
csif;csif;u xefcsDqdkif;udk txifao;aomtMunfhESifhMunfhNyD; pufqkyfpGm aNym\/

61
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusifuawmh bmrQraNymbJawGa0 pOf;pm;ae\/
raumif;rIESifh ywfoufí pD;yGm;Nzpfaeaom vlpkudk aumif;a&mif;aumif;0,f vkyfudkifpm;aomuf&ef
MudK;pm;azsmif;zs&Ncif;rSm vG,fulaomudpöawmh r[kwfay/
wcsdev f ;Hk rnfonfph um;rQ raNymbJ Nidrí f aecJo
h l &S;D [keo
f nf rdrw d Ykd twGuyf g tusKd;&SEd ikd rf nfh tMuHwpfcu
k kd
pOf;pm;rdaomaMumifh ,ckrS Mum;0ifum ...
]]'DvdkvkyfMu&if raumif;bl;vm;}}
&SD;[kefu þodkYpum;pvkdufonfESifh xefcsDqdkif;u ysmysmovJyif ...
]]trdefY&Sdyg q&mav; ... aumif;r,fxifwJh tMuHOmPfudk ay;ygcifAsm? q&mav;udk uRefawmfwdkY
tm;udk;ygw,f}}
]]cifAsm;wdkY pcef;csaexdkifwJhae&mudk t&ifoGm;MunfhMur,f? NyD;rS cifAsm;wkdY aumif;aumif;rGefrGef
vkyfudkifpm;aomufEdkifr,fh enf;vrf;udk tMuHay;r,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD ... aumif;ygNyD? tckyJ uRefawmfwdkY&JU pcef;udk vdkufcJhMuyg}}
xefcsDqdkif;onf &SD;[kefwdkY okH;a,mufudk olwdkY\ pcef;odkY vrf;Nyac:aqmifoGm;onf/
xefcsDqdkif;wdkY\ pcef;onf c&D;oGm;vrf;rMuD;ESifh ig;rdkifrQa0;onfh awmifukef;av; wpfckay:wGif
wnf&Sdavonf/
xdkawmifukef;udk vl&dkif;awmifukef;[k ac:Muonf/
xd k a e&monf opf M uD ; 0g;MuD ; rsm; tk y f t k y f q d k i f ; qk d i f ; ayguf a &muf a eaom t&yf N zpf í
rsuf u G , f a umif ; vS o nf / taMumif ; rod v Qif vl & d k i f ; awmif u k e f ; ay:wG i f vl a epcef ; wpf c k & S d a eaMumif ;
odEdkifrnfr[kwfay/
pcef ; &S d t d r f r sm;onf Nzpf u wwf q ef ; aqmuf v k y f x m;aomf v nf ; opf M uD ; 0g;MuD ; rsm;Nzif h
aqmufvkyfxm;oNzifh ckdifcHhvSonf/
]]&S i f w d k Y aexd k i f w J h td r f a wG u d k a wmh awG U &ygNyD ? &S i f w d k Y Nyef a y;qG J x m;wJ h vl a wG u d k b,f r S m
csKyfaESmifxm;w,fqdkwm Nyprf;ygOD;}}
þ"m;Nyrsm;onf vk,uf&kHomru Nyefay;qGJrIrsm;vnf;NyKwwfaMumif; avmufrmu aNymMum;cJhonfudk
owd&aomaMumifh csif;csif;u xefcsDqdkif;udk ar;vdkufNcif;Nzpfayonf/
]][m ... rdef;uav;u uRefawmfwdkY&JU twGif;a&;awGudkawmif odaewmudk;}}
xefcsDqdkif;u tHhMo[efNzifh aNymonf/
]]&SifwdkY Nyefay;qGJxm;wJh vlawGudkom vkdufNyprf;yg}}
xefcsDqdkif;onf csif;csif;wkdYtm; Nyefay;qGJxm;olrsm;udk csKyfaESmifxm;&modkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
xdkae&monf obm0 ausmuf*lwpfckNzpfNyD; cdkifcHhaomopfom;wef;rsm; &dkufum tcsKyfwpfcktNzpf
zefwD;NyKNyifxm;onf/
tcsKyfcef;xJwGif vlq,fa,mufcefY csKyfaESmifxm;\/
tcsKyf c ef ; xJ r S vl r sm;onf xef c sD q d k i f ; wd k Y wpf a wG a&muf v monf u d k awG U &aomtcg
tvGefaMumufvefYvsuf acgif;yifrazmf0HhMuay/
]]tcsKyfcef;udk zGifhay;yg}}
ydkifpkusifu xefcsDqdkif;udk avoHat;at;Nzifh aNymvdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh rrav;}}
xefcsDqdkif;onf csufcsif;yif trdefYemcHum tcsKyfcef;wHcg;udk zGifhvdkufonf/
xd k o k d Y tcsKyf c ef ; wH c g;ud k zG i f h v d k u f a omtcg twG i f ; &S d vl r sm;onf ol w d k Y ud k
tNyifxkwfowfNzwfawmhrnf[kxifum NyL;wl;ysmwmESifh awmif;yefMuav\/
]]uRefawmfwdkYudk rowfMuygeJY cifAsm? uRefawmfwdkYtdrfu rMumcif aiGawG vmydkYygvdrfhr,f? q&mMuD;wdkY
awmif;qdkxm;wmxufawmif ydkay;MurSmyg}}

62
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xkdoltm;vkH;rSm rsufESmi,fav;rsm;ESifh NzpfaeMuonf/ tcsKyfcef; tNyifbufokdYyif rxGuf&JMuay/
]]bmrS aMumufvefYraeMuygeJY? &SifwkdYudk owfzdkYr[kwfygbl;? NyefvTwfay;rvkdYyg}}
ydkifpkusif\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcgwGifrS tcsKyfcef;xJrSvlrsm;onf 0rf;omtm;wufukefMuonf/
ydkifpkusifudk vIdufvIdufvSJvSJyif aus;Zl;wifpum;rsm; aNymMuonf/
xef c sD q d k i f ; u Nyef a y;qG J o l r sm;ud k Nyef v T w f a y;a&;twG u f pD p Of & ef ol \ vuf a xmuf
"m;Nyacgif;aqmifi,fwpfa,mufudk wm0efay;tyfvkdufonf/
xdYk aemuf ydik pf u k siw f Ykdukd olaexdik &f m tdro f Ykd ac:aqmifomG ;NyD; pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm;ESihf wnfcif;{nfch o H nf/
]]cifAsm;wdkY[m vltiftm;awmifhwif;&kHrubl;? rdom;pkawG bmawGeJY tawmfodkufodkuf0ef;0ef; &Sdw,f?
'Dae&mrSm &Gmav;wnfNyD; vkyu f ikd pf m;aomuf&if toufarG;0rf;ausmif; aumif;aumif; NyKEdik w f ,f? uRefawmfwYkd vnf;
wNcm;udk c&D;rqufMuawmhbJ cifAsm;wdkYeJY twlwl taNccsaezdkY pdwful;xm;w,f? b,fvdk oabm&vJ}}
pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk pm;aomuf&if; &SD;[kefu pum;pvdkufonf/
þae&monf vloluif;a0;NyD; acsmifvnf;usaomaMumifh rdrdwdkYwpfawG taNccsaexkdifvkdufygu
aemufa,mifcH vdu k &f mS aeolrsm;udk vSnphf m;xm;Edik rf nfNzpfaMumif; awG;rdaomaMumifh ,ckvkd aNymvdu k Nf cif; Nzpfonf
]]q&mav;wkdYu OD;pD;vrf;Ny vkyfay;r,fqdk&if uRefawmfwdkYu aemufuvdkufvkyfzdkY toifhygyJ?
uRefawmfwdkYwpfawGuawmh bmtvkyfrS vkyfukdifwwfwm r[kwfbl;}}
xefcsDqdkif;u NyefaNymonf/
xdYk aemuf olwYkd wawGonf xdak e&mwGif vkyu f ikd Ef ikd rf nfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufí
aNymqdkwkdifyifMuonf/
xdo k Ydk aNymqdw k ikd yf ifaeMuqJwiG f vufaxmuf"m;Nyacgif;aqmifi,fwpfa,muf a&;MuD;okwyf sm trlt&mESihf
a&mufvmonf/
]]bmrsm; ta&;MuD;vmovJ a&Smuf0rf}}
xefcsDqdkif;u qD;í ar;vdkufonf/
]]vufeufukdif Nrif;pD;orm;wpfpk uRefawmfwdkYe,fxJudk 0ifvmygw,f tpfudkMuD;}}
a&Smuf0rfqdkolu NyefaNymonf/
xefcsDqdkif;u rsufarSmifMuKwfvkdufNyD; ...
]]b,folawGvJ ... b,fvdktaMumif;udpöeJY 0ifvmMuwmwJhvJ}}
]]'gudkawmh uRefawmf rodao;ygbl;? olwdkYudk Munfh&wmawmh odkif;orm;awG NzpfykH&w,f}}
a&Smuf0rfaNymaom vufeufudkif Nrif;pD;orm;wpfpkqdkonfrSm rdrdwdkYudk vdkufvH&SmazGaeMuonfh
e*g;euf*dkPf;0ifrsm; NzpfEdkifaMumif; awG;rdonfhtwGuf ydkifpkusifwkdYrSm pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;Mu&onf/
wpfa,mufrsufESmvnf; wpfa,muf MunfhrdMuonf/
]]tJ'D Nrif;pD;orm;awG taMumif;udk pkHpkHvifvifod&atmif oGm;NyD;pkHprf;cJh? 'DvlawG b,f*dkPf;uvJ?
bmud p ö a Mumif h 'D u d k a &muf v mwmvJ ? igwd k Y u d k &ef & S m wd k u f c d k u f z d k Y v m;? 'grS r [k w f ol w d k Y b mom ol w d k Y
c&D;oGm;aeMuwmvm; qdkwmawGudk ig odcsifw,f}}
xefcsDqdkif;u a&Smuf0rfudk nTefMum;trdefYay;onf/
]]aumif;ygNyD ... tpfudkMuD;}}
a&Smuf0rfonf xefcsDqdkif;\ trdefYudk emcHum pkHprf;axmufvSrf;&ef xGufcGmoGm;onf/
]]rrav;? tckudpöeJY ywfoufNyD; b,fvkdvkyf&if aumif;rvJ}}
a&Smuf0rf xGufcGmoGm;NyD;aemuf xefcsDqdkif;u ydkifpkusifudk tMuHawmif;onf/
]][kdvlawGtaMumif; a&a&&m&modatmif &Sifu pkHprf;cdkif;vdkufwm aumif;ygw,f? olwdkYb,folawG
Nzpfw,f? bm&nf&, G cf sufeYJ a&mufvmMuw,fqw kd mudk aoaocsmcsm od&awmhryS J b,fvq kd ufvyk o f ifw
h ,fqw kd m
aNymMuwmaygh}}
tcsdeftenf;i,fMumNyD;aemuf a&Smuf0rf Nyefa&mufvmonf/

63
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tJ'Dvlpku e*g;euf*dkPf;om;awGyg tpfudkMuD;? tiftm; ig;q,f&Sdygw,f? usm;ol&J &efzef[kdqdkwJhvlu
acgif;aqmifvmygw,f/ a[m'De,fy,fa'oudk uRrf;usifwJh uRefawmfwdkYvlpkudk olwdkY&JU MoZmcHtNzpf odrf;oGif;zdkY
a&mufvmMuwmyg}}
a&Smuf0rfu rdrdpkHprf;od&SdvmcJh&onfrsm;udk xefcsDqdkif;tm; NyefaNymNyonf/
xefcsDqdkif;onf e*g;euf*dkPf;taMumif;udk aumif;aumif;odxm;onf/ rdrdwdkYtaeNzifh usm;ol&J
&efzef[kdqkdol OD;aqmifvmonfh e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk &ifqdkifEdkifrnf r[kwfonfudkvnf; em;vnfonf/
xdkYaMumifh xefcsDqdkif;onf ydkifpkusifwdkYudk tm;udk;wMuD;yif Munfhvkdufrd\/
]]wpfzufval wGtaMumif;udk od&NyDqakd wmh ckct H Edik ,f zl Ydk qufvyk Mf uwmaygh? bmrSawG;NyD; aMumufraeygeJY?
b,fv&kd ifqikd &f r,fqw kd mudk uRerf aNymNyyghr,f? &Sief YJ &Siv hf al wGuom uRerf aNymwJt h wkid ;f 0dik ;f 0ef; ulnvD yk af qmifzYdk
vdkw,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ pum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg xefcsDqdkif;rSm tvGefyif 0rf;omtm;wufoGm;um ...
]][m ... 'DtwGufawmh pdwfcsyg? rrav;wkdY pDpOfwJhtwdkif; uRefawmfwdkYwpfawG vdkufemaqmif&Gufyghr,f}}
]]aumif;NyD ... 'gqdk&if 'Dvkdvkyf}}
ydkifpkusifu vkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk aNymNyonf/
]]uJ ... &SifwkdYt&ifoGm;NyD; e*g;euf*dkPf;om;awGudk awGYqkHayawmh? tcsdefukdawmh wwfEdkiforQ
MumMumqGJxm;? usefwJhtpDtpOfawG vkyfNyD;wmeJY uRefrwdkY vkdufvmcJhr,f}}
vkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk wkdifyifMuNyD;aemuf ydkifpkusifu xefcsDqdkif;udk aNymonf/
xefcsDqdkif;vnf; olYvlrsm;udkac:um cyfokwfokwf xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/
yd k i f p k u sif ? &S D ; [k e f E S i f h csif ; csif ; wd k Y vnf ; &k y f a Nymif ; &k y f v G J N yKum &k y f z suf N yif q if r I r sm;ud k
tNrefqkH;vkyfaqmifMuavawmhonf/
þtpDtpOf tm;vkH;udk ykdifpkusifu OD;aqmifum pDrHcefYcGJonf/
yd k i f p k u sif o nf e*g;NzLa*[mwG i f aexd k i f c J h p Of u zcif M uD ; yd k i f u sif v k H pD r H c ef Y cG J o nf r sm;ud k
tNrJawGYodMum;Nrif&um OD;pD;vkyfaqmifrIwGif tavhtusifh&cJhonf/
xkdYaMumifhvnf; ,ckta&;ay:udpö Nzpfay:vmonhftcg ydkifpkusifonf aoG;ylvIyf&Sm;Ncif;r&SdbJ
acgif;at;at;ESifh pDrHvrf;nTefEdkifcJhNcif; Nzpfayawmhonf/
usm;ol&J &efzef[kd OD;aqmifaom e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;onf vl&dkif;awmifukef;\ awmifaNcokdY
a&mufvmMuonf/
þae&monf "m;NywkYd \ taNccHpcef;NzpfaMumif;udk &efzef[w dk Ydk u MudKwifowif;&xm;onft h wGuf ,ckvkd
qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf a&mufvmMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
"m;Nyacgif;aqmif xefcsDqdkif;u aemufygrsm;ESifhtwl e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk &ifqdkifawGUqkHonf/
ydkifpkusifwkdY tm;udk;&SdonfhtwGuf xefcsDqdkif;rSm &J&J&ifh&ifh wnfwnfNidrfNidrf Nzpfaeonf/
]]usKyfwdkY&JU e,fy,fxJudk 'Dvkd &rf;&rf;um;um; 0ifa&mufvmwm tawmfhudkvGefw,fAsm? 'gu
b,fvkdoabmvJ}}
xefcsDqdkif;u awGUawGYcsif;yif rausrcsrf; pum;qdkonf/ &efzef[kd rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;&onf/
]]'Dr,f xefcsDqdkif; ... usKyfwdkYa&mufvmwmu cifAsm;wkdYudk usKyfwkdY&JU e*g;euf*dkPf;eJY yl;aygif;zkdY
vmaNymwmyJ? usKyfwdkYaNymwmudk at;at;aq;aq;eJYvdkufem&if cifAsm;wdkYtzdkY aumif;vdrfhr,f? r[kwf&ifawmh
cifAsm;wkdY[m udk,fhaowGif;udk,fwl;wJh vlawGNzpfukefr,f}}
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvmol usm;ol&J &efzef[kduvnf; pum;twifrcHbJ Ncdrf;aNcmufonf/
]]cifAsm;pum;u w,f&ifhoD;ygvm;? 'gayr,fh usKyfu onf;cHvdkufygw,fav? cifAsm;aNymwJh udpöudk
usKyftaeeJY rqkH;NzwfEdkifbl;? usKyf&JU q&mMuD;qDudk wifNy&vdrfhr,f}}
&efzef[kdu tHhtm;oifhoGm;um ...
]]cifAsm;wkdYu b,ftcsdefursm; b,folYudk q&mMuD;awGbmawG wifxm;vdkufwmvJ? uJ ... uJ ...
cifAsm;aNymwJh q&mMuD;udk oGm;ac:vdkufprf;yg}}
64
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][dwf ... a&Smuf0rf? q&mMuD;qD oGm;taMumif;Mum;NyD; zdwfac:vdkufprf;yg}}
xefcsDqdkif;u a&Smuf0rfudk vSnfhMunfhNyD; trdefYay;onf/
olYpum;oHrS rqkH;ao;? pl;&Stm;Nynfhaom toHwpfck &kwfw&uf xGufay:vmonf/
]]ighudk awGYcsifw,fav; bmav;aNymaewm b,fu taumifvJuG}}
pum;oH u d k Mum;vk d u f & onf E S i f h usm;ol & J &ef z ef [ k d r S m &if x J w G i f tawmf w k e f v I y f o G m ;onf /
usefe*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;vnf; xdwfvefYukefMuonf/
toHu rwdk;rus,f/ okdYaomf pl;&Sum tm;NynfhvSonf/ Mum;&olwdkY\ em;xJwGif tawmfyif pl;pl;&S&S
wdk;0ifvmonf/
toH&SifrSm twGif;tm; Nrifhrm;euf&SKdif;vSolwpfa,muf NzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;odomonf/
]]twGif;tm;aumif;wJh okdif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf ausmaxmufaemufcH&SdaevdkY xefcsDqdkif;u rma&ausma&
aNymEdkifwmudk;}}
&efzef[kd\ pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf/
ay:aygufvmrnfh xdkxefcsDqdkif;\ q&mMuD;qkdolrSm rnfolNzpfrnfenf;[k &efzef[dkwdkY vlpku
apmifhvifhMunfhaeMuonf/
csufcsif;qdkovdkyif olwdkY\ NrifuGif;xJokdY &kyf&nfacsmarmaom vl&G,fwpfa,muf 0ifa&mufvmonf/
xdkvl&G,f\ aemufwGif yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxl? t&yfig;ayausmfausmf&Sdonfh vlwpfa,mufyg&Sdvmonf/
xk d Y a emuf qH y if ? rk w f q d w f a rG ; rsm; NzLqG w f a eonf h t&yf a Ncmuf a ycef Y & S d tbd k ; tk d w pf a ,muf
vkdufygvmNyefonf/
tbdk;MuD;\ nmbufvufxJwGif MuufOtMuD;pm;cefY&Sdaom oHrPdvkH;ESpfckudk qkyfudkifxm;um
wpfckESifhwpfck yGwfwdkufupm;aeonf/
oHrPdvkH; tcsif;csif; yGwfwdkufrdoHu wuRDuRDNrnfae&m Mum;&ole*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGif
wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;&onf/
]][kdvlawGyg q&mMuD; ... [kdvlawGyg}}
xefcsDqdkif;u qHyifNzLNzL tbdk;tdkudk &dkaopGm OD;nTwft&dktaoay;NyD; aNymvkdufonf/
qHNzLtbd;k tdo k nf vufx&J dS oHrPdv;Hk ESpv f ;Hk udk wuRDuRDNrnfatmif yGww
f u dk uf pm;&if; &efzef[w dk Ykd bufoYdk
vSrf;Munfhum ...
]]qdkMuprf; ... bmudpövJ}}
&efzef[kdrSm tvdkvdkae&if; pdwfxJwGif wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;um ...
]]'Dvkdyg ... uRefawmfwkdY ... [kd ... [kd}}
qHNzLtbdk;tkd\ [ef[dwfaMumifh &efzef[kdrSm rdrdwdkY\vufatmufokdY 0ifa&muf&efudpöudk &kwfw&uf
xkwfaNym&efr&JbJ wkHYqkdif;EIwfqGHYí aeonf/
]]awmuf ... b,fvdkNzpfaewmvJ}}
&efzef[kd\ r0Hhr&JNzpfaeykHudk rauseyfonfh toGifNzifh qHNzLtbdk;tdku cyfaigufaiguf aNymvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &kyf&nfacsmarmaom vl&G,fonf &kwfw&uf a&SYodkYckefvTm;wufvmum &efzef[kdudk
vuf0g;ESifh wpfcsuf&dkufcsvdkufonf/
]]0kef; ...}}
vl&G,f\ vIyf&Sm;rIrSm Nrefovdk vuf0g;&dkufcsufuvnf; tm;Nyif;vSonf/
usm;ol&J &efzef[kdrSm tm*odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfaomfvnf; vl&G,f\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufudk ra&SmifEdkifbJ
txdcH&um aemufokdYaNcvSrf;okH;vSrf;rQ ',D;',dkifNzifh qkwfoGm;&onf/
qHNzLtbdk;MuD;u vl&G,fudk pl;&Saom rsufvkH;rsm;ESifh pdef;pdef;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]ightrdefYr&&if b,f{nfhonfudkrS &efrrl&bl;qdkwm rodbl;vm;}}
vl&G,fonf tvGefaMumufvefYoGm;onfh toGifNzifh acgif;udkikHYvdkufum ...
]]q&mMuD; uRef ... uRefawmf ...}}
65
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]bm ... uRefawmfvJ? igcsrSwfxm;wJh pnf;urf;trSwfokH;udk aNymprf;}}
]]rdrd&JU acgif;aqmif q&morm;udk rav;rpm;vkyf&if ao'Pfyg q&mMuD;}}
]]at; ... 'gudkodvsufom;eJY igha&SUrSm tckbmvkyfwmvJ aNymprf;}}
]][dk ... [kd ... uRefawmfhrSm tNypf&Sdygw,f? 'g ... 'gayr,fh}}
]]wdwfprf; ... vQmr&SnfeJY? rif;rSm pum;aNymcGifh r&Sdawmhbl;}}
vl&G,fonf bmrQraNymawmh/ cg;wGifcsdwfxm;aom "m;tdrfxJrS "m;&Snfudk vnfyif;wGif xduyfvdkufonf/
rdrdukd,frdrd NyefvnftqkH;pD&ifawmhrnfh tNzpfrsKd;rdkY Nrif&ol e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;onf &ifxdwfoGm;Muum
wtHhwMoa&&GwfrdMuonf/
]][,f ...}}
]][if ...}}
]]tdk ...}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif qHNzLtbdk;MuD; teD;wGif &yfaeaom yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;onf wpfpkHwpf&mudk
vufnd§K;Nzifh awmufxkwfvkdufonf/
]]0Spf ...}}
avcGif;oHwpfcsuf ay:vmonf/
]]xef; ...}}
"m;&Snfudk xdrSefonfh toHvnf; qufwdkufay:vmNyefonf/
xdkYaemufvl&G,f\vufwGif qkyfudkifxm;aom "m;&SnfrSmvufrSvGwfum aNrMuD;ay: usoGm;onf/
yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifhvlonf qHNzLtbdk;tdkudk OD;nTwft&dktaoNyKNyD; cyftuftuftoHESifh ...
]]q&mMuD; ... 'Daumifav; wpfMudrfwpfcg rvdr®mwmudk onf;cHvdkufygvdkY uRefawmf awmif;yefygw,f?
ol[m tifrwef pnf;urf;&dkaoygw,f? tckvnf; q&mMuD;ar;wmudk [dkvlu aumif;aumif;rGefrGefraNzvdkY olu
Mum;uae rcHcsifpdwfNzpfvmNyD; tckvkdvkyfrdwmyg? 'gaMumifh wpfMudrfwpfcg rSm;rdwmudk onf;cHcTifhvTwfzdkY
awmif;yefygw,f}}
]]tdrf; ... rif;aNymwmvnf; [kwfayom;yJ? [kwfayom;yJ}}
qHNzLtbdk;tdku acgif;wqwfqwfndwfum a&&Gwfvkdufonf/
þpum;udk Mum;&onfwGif yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifh vlonfvl&G,fbufodkY vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]aumifav; ... bmidik af ewmvJ? rif;udk cGivhf w
T vf u
kd wf t
hJ wGuf q&mMuD;udk aus;Zl;wifpum; aNymvdu k af v}}
vl&G,fonf csufcsif;yif qHNzLtbdk;tdk\ a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]tckvdk onf;cHcGifhvTwfwmudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mMuD;}}
]]uJ ... uJ ... aemufqkwfNyD; a0;a0;rSmaeprf;? aemufwpfcgqdk&if q&mMuD;u rif;udkcGifhvTwfrSm r[kwfbl;}}
yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;uaNymvkduf&m vl&G,fonf'l;axmufae&mrS NyefxNyD; aemufqkwfoGm;onf/
þtNzpftysufrsm;udk Munfh&if; e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfukefMuonf/
odkif;ynmxufNrufoavmuf wynfhrsm;tay:wGif cufxefMurf;xrf;vSonfh qHNzLtbdk;tdkudkvnf;
vefYvmMuonf/
xdkokdY e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm; wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;aeMucsdefrSmyif qHNzLtbdk;tdkMuD;u &efzef[kdukd
pl;pdkufMunfhvdkufum ...
]]'Dr,f armif&ifav; ... rif;wdkY*dkPf;csKyfMuD; e*g;eufxefawmuf&kef usef;cefYomvdkY rm&JYvm;? tck
olb,frSm&SdaevJ}}
qHNzLtbdk;tdk\ EIwfqufpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg &efzef[kdwkdYvlpkrSm ydkíyif aMumufvefYoGm;Mu&onf/
]][m ... 'Dtbd;k MuD;&JU EIwq
f ufyuHk akd xmuf&if igwdYk e*g;euf*P
kd ;f csKyfMuD;eJY wef;wl&nfwl tqif&h ydS &Hk w,f?
ighES,f usm;aomif;usef;&JU EIwfcrf;arG;udkrS vmqGJrdovdk NzpfaeNyD}}
usm;ol&J &efzef[kd\ pdwfxJwGif þokdYawG;rdonf/
]]ae ... aeaumif;ygw,f? [dk ... [kd *kdPf;csKyfMuD;u XmecsKyfpcef;rSmyJ &Sdaeygw,f}}
66
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aMumufvefYaeNyDNzpfaom &efzef[kdonf toHwkefwkefESifhyif NyeftaNzay;vdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... at;at; ... usef ; usef ; rmrm&S d a Mumif ; Mum;&vd k Y 0rf ; omygw,f ? armif & if a v;u
b,fvdkwm0efrsKd;eJY 'Dvl&dkif;awmifukef;udk a&mufvmwmvJ}}
qHNzLtbdk;MuD;u xyfrHar;Nref;vmNyefonf/
]]b,fvkdwm0efrS r&Sdygbl; q&mMuD;cifAsm}}
&efzef[kdrSm rdrdwdkYvm&if; udpöudk xkwfraNym&JawmhaomaMumifh tNrefqkH; NyefxGufcGmoGm;Edkif&ef pum;udk
tNywfaNymvdkufonf/
xdkokdY aNymvdkufrdcgrS taNctae ydkqkd;vm&avawmhonf/
qHNzLtbdk;MuD;u toHus,fus,fNzifh ...
]]tvkd ... bmwm0efrSr&Sdbl; ... [kwfp? a[m'D vl&dkif;awmifukef;[m b,fvdkae&mrsKd;rsm; xifaevdkYvJ
usef;vlzkef;}}
qHNzLtbdk;MuD;u ]usef;vlzkef;} [kac:vdkuf&m yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;\ xl;oH csufcsif;ay:vmonf/
]][kwfuJh q&mMuD;}}
]]igwdkY vl&dkif;awmifukef;&JU pnf;urf;awGudk olwdkYem;vnfatmif aNymNyvdkufprf;yg}}
usef;vlzkef;[k tac:cH&ol yg;NrdKif;arG;xlxlESifh vlMuD;u a&SYokdYavQmufvSrf;wufvmNyD; toHus,fus,fESifh
atmf[pfaNymqdkonf/
]]'Dr,f udk,fhvlwdkY? aoaocsmcsmem;axmifMu? a[m'Dvl&dkif;awmifukef;udk usKyfwkdYq&mMuD;&JU
tcGifhtrdefYr&bJ taMumif;rJh b,folrS vmcGifhr&Sdbl;? a&mufvmcJh&if usKyfeJY odkif;uGufokH;uGuf &ifqkdif&r,f?
at; ... usKyfwkdY q&mMuD;tay:av;av;pm;pm;&Sdw,f qkd&ifawmh usKyf&JUwynfhav;eJY &ifqdkif&r,f? 'g[m
vl&dkif;awmifukef;&JU pnf;urf;yJ}}
]]uRefawmf[m q&mMuD;udk av;av;pm;pm;eJY vma&mufawGUqkHwmyg cifAsm? 'gaMumifh ...}}
&efzef[dku uref;uwef;yif aNymvdkufonf/
xdkokdYaNym&mwGif pum;rqkH;rD &yfxm;um qHNzLtbdk;tdkudk tuJcwfovdk Munfhvdkufonf/
&efzef[kdtaeNzifh usef;vlzkef;udk &ifqdkifNcif;rNyKvdk/ wdkufckdufrIudkvnf; a&SmifvGJír&EdkifaMumif;
em;vnf o nf h t wG u f wd k u f c d k u f c sif ; wd k u f c d k u f & vQif od k i f ; ynmted r f h q k H ; Nzpf o nf h vl & G , f E S i f h
&ifqdkifwkdufcdkufvdkaomaMumihf ,ckvdk aNymvdkufNcif;Nzpfayonf/
apmapmu tvpfwGifrdkY vuf0g;&dkufcsuf txdcHvdkuf&aomfvnf; wu,fwrf; twdtvif; wdkufcdkufvQif
xdkvl&G,fESifh odkif;uGufokH;uGufawmh &ifqdkifEdkifrnf[k &efzef[dk wGufqcJhonf/
]]armif&ifav;u av;pm;orI&Sdw,fqdkwmudk usKyfvufcHw,f? uJ ... usef;vlzkef; 'Duarmif&ifav;eJY
odkif;uGufokH;uGuf ,SOfNydKifzkdY rif;wynfhav;udk trdefYay;vdkufprf;? olu odkif;uGufokH;uGuf &ifqdkifEdkifw,fqdk&if
bmrS taESmifht,Suf twm;tqD; rvkyfeJYawmh}}
qHNzLtbdk;tdku usef;vlzkef;udk trdefYay;vdkufonf/
xdkokdY trdefYay;NyD;aemuf wdkufcdkuf&ef ae&mvkyfay;onfhoabmNzifh aemufokdYqkwfoGm;onf/
vl&G,fonf usef;vlzkef;u trdefYray;rDSrSmyif a&SUwufvmum trdefYapmifhonhf taeNzifh usef;vlzkef;udk
t&dktaoay;onf/
usef;vlzkef;u acgif;wpfcsufndwfNyNyD; e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;buf vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]udkif; ... &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufzdkY b,folxGufrvJ}}
&efzef[kdonf tm;wif;vdkufNyD;aemuf a&SUokdYavQmufvSrf;xGufvmonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;u &efzef[kdudk tm;udk;onfhtMunfhrsm;Nzifh MunfhaeMuonf/
&ef z ef [ k d o nf e*g;euf * d k P f ; wG i f 'k w d , wef ; tqif h & S d od k i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf N zpf o nf /
wdkufyGJtawGUtMuKHvnf; tawmf&ifhusufonf/
olYtaeNzifh vl&G,f\ odkif;uGufokH;uGufudk tEdkifrwdkufcdkufEdkifapumrl ckcHumuG,fNcif;awmh NyKEdkifum
tusOf;tusyftaNctaerS vGwfaNrmufEdkifvdrhfrnf[k olwdkY arQmfvifhxm;Muonf/
67
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usm;ol&J &efzef[kdESifh vl&G,fwdkY rsufESmcsif;qdkif&yfrdMuonf/ &efzef[kdonf vl&G,fudkwkdufppfqifNcif;
rNyKay/ twGif;tm;udkom pkpnf;vsuf vl&G,f\ wdkufcdkufvmrIudk &ifqdkif&ef toifhNyifxm;onf/
vl&G,fonf e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;\ e*g;NzL aNravQmufodkif;uGuf ykHpHtwdkif; vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkuf&eftwGuf
udk,fudk wywfvSnfhum aNrMuD;ay:odkY vufaxmufvsuf aNcaxmufrsm;udk rdk;ay:axmifvdkufonf/
xdYk aemuf aNcaxmuftpku H kd puf0idk ;f oP²mef vnfywfum &efzef[t dk m; aumufyifrsm;udk "m;Nzif&h w d v
f ;DS onfh
toGifrsKd;Nzifh0dkufum &dkufcwfvmonf/
&efzef[o dk nf arsmufwpfaumiftvm; vsiNf refpmG ckeí f vl&, G \ f aNcaxmufNzifh &du
k cf wfvmrIukd a&Smifonf/
aNcuefcsufrS uyfí vGwfatmifa&SmifvdkufEdkifonf/
odkYaomf &efzef[kdonf touf&ªracsmifao;ay/ vl&G,fu e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufESifh qufvuf
wdkufppfqifvmNyefonfhtwGuf touf&ªrSm;rwwfyif MudK;pm;a&Smifwdrf;ae&onf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufNzifh wdkufcdkufNcif;udk MudK;pm;yrf;pm;Nzifh taotvJ ckcHa&Smifwdrf;ae&qJwGif vl&G,fu
odkif;uGufwpfrsKd;aNymif;um wdkufcdkufvmNyefonf/
&efzef[rkd mS ud, k [ f efvyI &f mS ;a&Smifwrd ;f &ef tcGit
hf vrf; r&Edik af wmhonft h wGuf b,fvrdk S rwwfomawmhbJ
vufESpfzufudk MuufaNccwfoP²mefNyKvkyfum vl&G,f\ wdkufcsufudk cHaqmifhvkduf&onf/
]]aNzmif; ...}}
wdkufcsufESifh ckcHcsufqdkifrdonf/
od k i f ; uG u f o k H ; uG u f Nynf h o G m ;NyD N zpf a omaMumif h vl & G , f o nf tomud k , f & S d e f o wf u m aemuf o k d Y
NyefqkwfoGm;onf/
&efzef[kdrSmrl ae&mwGif &yfNrJ&yfvsuf usefaecJhonf/ ol\ezl;wGif acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm; pkdYíaeonf/
touf&ªvnf; rrSefay/
vl&G,f\wdkufcsufudk ZGwfwif;um cHaqmifvdkuf&onfhtwGuf &efzef[kd\ vufarmif;ESpfckvkH;
oGifoGifusKd;rwwfyif emusifaeonf/
rdrdtaeNzifh vl&G,fESifh ,SOfNydKif&mwGif ta&;edrfh&aMumif;udk &efzef[kdodonf/ okdYaomf xdkodkY
ta&;edrfh&onfhtaMumif;udkum; xkwfazmf0efcHNcif; rNyKvdkay/
rdrd\ vufarmif;ESpfzufvkH; oGifoGifusKd;vkrwwf xdcdkufoGm;&aMumif; vltrsm;odvQif rdrdta&;&IH;edrfhrI
xif&Sm;ay:vGifrnf pdk;aomaMumifh &efzef[kdonf 'Pf&mudk twif;MudwfrSdwfNyD; cHaeonf/
]]odkif;uGufokH;uGuf NynfhoGm;ygNyD? aNymxm;wJhtwkdif; uRefawmfwdkYudk oGm;cGifhNyKygawmh}}
&efzef[kdonf emusifrIa0'emudk MudwfrSdwfcH&if; aNymvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;bufokdY
vSnfhMunfhum qufvufí ...
]]udkif; ... tm;vkH;NyefMuzkdY toifhNyifMu}}
usef;vlzkef;u acgif;wqwfqwfndwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]cif A sm;wd k Y oG m ;vk d & m oG m ;Ed k i f M uygNyD ? cif A sm;wd k Y &J U XmecsKyf p cef ; ud k Nyef a &muf & if o m
e*g;eufxefawmuf&kefudk ta&SUyifv,f a>ruRef;&SifMuD; veftef;armufu EIwfqufpum;qdkvdkufwJh taMumif;
aNymNyvdkufyg}}
]]aumif;ygNyD cifAs ... aumif;ygNyD}}
&efzef[kdonf xdkokdYom NyefaNymNyD;aemuf Nrif;ay:ckefwufum olYvlrsm;udk OD;aqmifí tNrefqkH;
xGufcGmoGm;Muavawmhonf/

ÄÄÄ

68
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;euf * d k P f ; om;rsm;ud k &if q d k i f c J h & mwG i f &S D ; [k e f u ta&S Y yif v ,f a>ruRef ; &S i f M uD ;
vef t ef ; armuf t Nzpf v nf ; aumif ; ? csif ; csif ; u usef ; vl z k e f ; tNzpf v nf ; aumif ; ? yd k i f p k u sif u
wynfhvl&G,ftNzpfvnf;aumif; ta,mifaqmif &kyfzsufxm;cJhMuonf/
&efzef[kdwdkY e*g;euf*dkPf;om;wpfpk rarQmfvifhbJ a&muf&SdvmcJhrIonf ydkifpkusifwdkYtzdkY taESmifht,Suf[k
xif&aomfvnf; wu,fpifppfrl rsm;pGm tusKd;aus;Zl;NyKcJhayonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk tpGrf;Ny ESdrfeif;vdkufEdkifrIaMumifh ydkifpkusifwdkYudk xefcsDqdkif;wdkYwpfawG ydkí
aMumuf&GHUav;pm;vmMuonf/
zsHMuD;&SD;[kefrSm acsmvJa&mxdkifoabmrsKd; qufvufNyKvkyfcJhaomaMumifh xefcsDqdkif;wdkYu &SD;[kefudk
ta&SYyifv,f a>ruRef;&SifMuD; veftef;armuf[lí xifrSwf,kHMunfoGm;Muonf/
&efzef[kdwkdY vlpkrSwpfqifh vl&dkif;awmifukef;&Sd xefcsDqdkif;wdkY "m;Nytkyfpkudk ta&SYyifv,f a>ruRef;&SifMuD;
vef t ef ; armuf u OD ; pD ; acgif ; aqmif a eonf qd k a om owif ; ES i f h ta&S Y yif v ,f a>ruRef ; &S i f M uD ; wd k Y
q&mwynfhokH;a,muf\ odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf Nrifhrm;ykHtaMumif; owif;rsm;vnf; ysHUESHYoGm;cJhonf/
vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif b0Zmwfudkazsmufum ykef;cdkaevdkaom ydkifpkusifwdkYtwGuf þowif;rsm;onf
tvGefyif tumtuG,faumif;aom owif;rsm; NzpfoGm;onf/
xdkowif;rsm;aMumifh ydkifpkusifwdkY\ aemufaMumif;b0 Zmwfvrf;rsm; tvdkvdk yaysmufukefonf/
vl&dkif;awmifukef;odkYvnf; vloltoGm;tvm r&SdoavmufNzpfum olwkdYtwGufydkí vkHNcKHrI&oGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifwdkYonf xefcsDqdkif;wkdYtm; opf0g;rsm;udk ckwfum eD;pyf&mNrdKYrsm;okdY ay;ydkYa&mif;csNcif;?
awmawmifxJwGif aq;yifaq;Nrpfrsm; &SmazGwl;azmfum a&mif;csapNcif; ponfh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;
vkyfaqmifwwf&ef OD;aqmifvrf;Nyay;onf/
touf a rG ; 0rf ; ausmif ; rI vk y f i ef ; rsm; tqif a NyaeNyD N zpf í xef c sD q d k i f ; wd k Y onf
vk,ufwdkufcdkufonfhvkyfief;udkvnf; tNyD;wkdif pGefYvTwfvdkufMuonf/
þok d Y Nzif h uG r f w k e f ; Nrd K UrS &k e f c Ref ; NrKd U od k Y oG m ;onf h vrf ; c&D ; wG i f vk , uf r I r sm; yaysmuf u m
om,mat;csrf;oGm;awmhonf/
c&D;oGm;rsm;u "m;Nyrsm;udk xdef;csKyfxm;vdkufol ta&SUyifv,f a>ruRef;&SifMuD;tm; aus;Zl;wifrqkH;
NzpfaeMuayawmhonf/
vk,ufwdkufcdkufum NrdK;NrdK;NrufNruf pm;aomufvmcJhMuonfh xefcsDqdkif;wdkYvlpkonf yxrwGifawmh
yifyifyef;yef; xif;ckwf? aq;Nrpf&Sm tvkyfrsm;udk odyfrvkyfvkdMuay/
odkYaomf ydkifpkusif\ OD;aqmifrINzifh aemufydkif;wGif yifyef;aomfvnf; or®mtmZD0Nzpfonfh tvkyfrsm;udk
oabmusESpfNcKdufvmMuonf/
aumif;rGefaom toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIudk NyKvkyfpm;aomuf&aomtcg vk,ufwdkufcdkufcJhMupOfuvdk
txdwfwvefYNzpf&Ncif;? pdk;&drfaMumifhMuNcif;rsm; uif;a0;um udk,fa&mpdwfyg csrf;omvmMuonf/
ydkifpkusifwkdYonf &dk;om;pGmyif b0opfwpfckudk xlaxmifaeMuonfhtwGuf ,cifu NzpfysufcJhonfh
tNzpftysufrsm;udk NynfzkH;um;csum arhypfvkdufMuonf/
olwkdYu þokdY NynfzkH;um;csum arhypfxm;Muaomfvnf; Zmwfvrf;rsm;u rqkH;Edkifao;ay/
twdwfonf t&dyfyrmvdkufwwfonfqkdaom oabmudk ydkifpkusifwkdY arhavsmhaecJhonf/
twdwf\ tEÅ&m,fqdk;onf aemufydkif;wGif ydkifpkusifwdkYtay: tkyfrdk;usa&mufvmcJhonf/
NzpfysufykH taMumif;pkHrSm .../

69
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (8)
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ A[dkaq;pyfcef;raqmifxJrS 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;ESifh
Nrwfynmcef;aqmifrS ypönf;wpfck cdk;,lNcif;cH&rIonf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk txl;yifvIyf&Sm;oGm;apcJhonf/
0d n mOf c sKyf t qd y f a Nz touf u ,f a q;onf a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ tpG r f ; xuf q k H ; aom
toufu,faq;wpfck Nzpfonf/
xk d Y Nyif tck d ; cH & onf h ypö n f ; rS m a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ ord k i f ; pOf w G i f xif & S m ;vS a om
odkif;ynm&SifMuD;rsm;xJwGif wpfa,muftygt0ifNzpfonfh [l0Sm;qef;vdrf udk,fwdkif txl;pDrHxdef;odrf;xm;cJhaom
vQKdU0Sufypönf;wpfck Nzpfaeayonf/
xdkvQKdU0Sufypönö f;onf rnfokdYaomt&mNzpfaMumif;udk od&Sdxm;olrSm wpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufpom&Sdonf/
aNcz0g;wpfzufpDwGif rSJYeufav;vkH;pD&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvfxl;wpfa,muf ay:aygufvmvQif vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk
xdkyk*d¾Kvfxl;vufokdY ay;tyf&efESifh vQKdU0Sufypönf;&&SdNyD;aemuf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifonf odkif;avmu\ xif&Sm;aom
odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf Nzpfvmrnf/ rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk a&SmifvifpMum twGif;tm;Nynfh0&&Sdatmif ulnDay;&rnf[k
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyf tpOftquf aNymqdkrSmMum;xm;cJhMuonf/
[l0Sm;qef;vdefonf MudKwifodNrifEdkifpGrf;&SdouJhodkY rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;vkvif wpfa,muf wpfcsdefr[kwf
wpfcsdefwGif ay:aygufvmrnf[k wGufcsufEdkifcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk pDrHum vkdtyfonfrsm;udkvnf; aNymqdkrSmMum;xm;cJhonf/
þtaMumif;udpörsm;udk txl;yif vQKdU0Sufxm;Muonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ xdyfoD;okdif;orm;wdkif;yifvQif xdkvQKdU0Sufcsufudk rodMu/
a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ *d k P f ; csKyf ? pnf ; urf ; xd e f ; *d k P f ; tk y f E S i f h od k i f ; ynmoif M um;a&;
*dkPf;tkyftqifhae&mrsm;wGif wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&ol odkif;ynm&Sifrsm;omvQif od&SdMuonf/
olwdkYonf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif tNrefqkH; ay:xGufvmap&ef tNrJrNywfyif qkawmif;vsuf apmifharQmfaecJhMuonf/
a&Smifvif vQKdY0Sufypönf; tckd;cHcJh&rIudk axmufNcif;Nzifh txl;vQKdY0Sufcsufonf odkif;avmuwGif
aygufMum;cJhaMumif; odomaeNyDrdkY a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;? pnf;urf;xdef; *dkPf;tkyfESifh
odkif;ynmoifMum;a&; *dkPf;tkyfwdkYrSm txl;yif pkd;&drfylyefMuonf/
70
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaMumifh pkHprf;rIrsm;? vkdufvHaxmufvSrf;&SmazGrIrsm;udk tNyif;txefvkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/
þodkYaom vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufpkHprf;rIrsm;ESifhtwl a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;taMumif;ESifh rSJY&SpfvkH;&SiftwGuf
&Edkifrnfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;onf odkif;avmuwpfcGif wpwp owif;ysHUESYHvmavawmhonf/
a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ vuf & S d * d k P f ; csKyf M uD ; avQmuf c sif o nf a&S m if v if v QKd U 0S u f y pö n f ; ES i f h
0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;wdkY tckd;cH&onfh ae&mteD;0ef;usifrS &&Sdaom oJvGefptaxmuftxm;rsm;udk
aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;um tao;pdwfaNc&mcH pkHprf;rIrsm; NyKvkyfcJhonf/
0d n mOf c sKyf t qd y f a Nz touf u ,f a q; ck d ; ,l N cif ; cH & onf h A[k d a q;pyf cef ; raqmif t eD ; wG i f
pdwf0ifpm;zG,faumif;aom oJvGefp taxmuftxm;wpfckudk awGUcJhMu&onf/
xdkoJvGefprSm tapmifhokdif;orm;wpfa,muf txdrSefcH&onfh qHxdk;yif Nzpfonf/
þwGif vQKdU0Sufypönf;ESifh tqdyfaNzaq;wdkYudk ckd;,loGm;olonf trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufNzpf&rnf[k
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u aumufcsufcscJhonf/
cdk;,loGm;onfh tqdyfaNzaq;rSmvnf; tvGeftpGrf;xufonfh tqdyfaNzaq;NzpfonfhtwGuf awmf&kHwef&kH
aNzaq;Nzifh ukír&Edkifaom tqdyf'Pfudk aNzazsmufuko&ef Nzpfrnf[kvnf; qufvufawG;awmcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh tck&ufydkif;rsm;wGif aNzaq;&&ef cufcJonfh Nyif;xefaom tqdyf'PfoifhcJh&rIrsm;taMumif;udk
qufvufpkHprf;cJhNyefonf/
xdkokdY pkHprf;&mwGif e*g;NzL ydkifusifvkH\orD; ydkifpkusifonf zcifESifh pdwfoabmcsif; rwkdufqdkifrIaMumifh
aetdrfrS xGufoGm;NyD; owif;tpte aysmufaeaMumif;udkyg pkHprf;od&SdcJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmftwGi;f odYk wdww f qdw0f ifa&mufum vQKUd 0Suyf pön;f ESihf aNzaq;wdYk ukd ck;d ,lomG ;olonf
ydkifpkusifNzpfEdkifaMumif; a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD; avQmufcsifu wGufqcJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ pnf;urf;xde;f *dP k ;f tkyf a0ck;H udk aemufygokid ;f orm;tcsKdUESit hf wl e*g;NzLa*[modYk
apvTwfum oufaocHqHxkd;udk NyoNyD; NzpfysufykHtaMumif;pkHwdkYudk aNymNyaponf/
a0ck;H wdYk Nyovmaom qHx;kd onf orD;ydik pf u k si\
f qHx;dk Nzpfonfukd awGY&onfwiG f ydik u f siv
f rHk mS tawmfyif
tcufawGUoGm;onf/
rdrd\vlrsm;rSm e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;Nzifh ypfcwfcJhí tqdyfoifhaeaom &SD;[kefukd ydkifpkusifu
oufpeG Yf qzH sm;yif aNzaq;&SmazGuo k ay;vkud af Mumif;udv k nf; awG;rdonf/ aNzaq; cd;k ,lonfomrubJ a&Smifvif\
vQKdU0Sufypönf;wpfckyg wygwnf; cdk;,lvdkufaMumif;udk qufwkdufawG;awmrd\/
]]aNzaq;cdk;,lwmuawmh [kdtaumifudk tqdyfaNzukay;csifvdkY xm;ygawmh? bmaMumifhrsm; wu,fhudk
ta&;MuD;wJh vQKdU0Sufypönf;udkyg ckd;,l&wmvJ? aNzaq;udpeö JYywfoufNyD; aus&mausaMumi;f aNymqdkaNz&Sif;r,fqdk&if
&csif&Edik yf gw,f? vQKdU0Suyf pön;f uawmh b,fvrkd S aNz&Si;f vkYd r&Edik b f ;l ? cd;k oGm;wJh vQKdU0Suyf pön;f ukd Nyeftyf&ifawmif
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu auseyfcsifrS auseyfvdrfhr,f? w,fcufwmyJ}}
ydkifpkusif\ vkyf&yfaMumifh rdrdwdkYESifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmftMum; tNiif;yGm;um Nyóemrsm;
&IyfaxG;vmrnfhta&;udk awG;NyD; ydkifusifvkHonf ydkifpkusiftay: a'goxGufrdonf/
a0ckH;Nyvmaom qHxkd;rSm ydkifpkusif\ qHxkd;tppftrSef NzpfaeaomaMumifh ydkifusifvkHtzdkY bl;uG,fum
aNAmifNiif;qdkzdkYuvnf; r&Edkifay/
]]cifAsm;wdYk vmNywm usKyforD; ydik pf u k si&f UJ qHx;kd [kwyf gw,f? 'Dqx H ;dk cifAsm;wdYk vufxrJ mS &Sad ew,fqakd wmh
pk u sif e J Y cif A sm;wk d Y &if q k d i f r d M uwmu xif & S m ;aeNyD ? usKyf o rD ; taMumif ; bmrS owif ; rMum;&bJ
pkyfpNrKyfpaysmufaewmvnf; tcsdefrenf;awmhbl;? tck cifAsm;wdkY vufxJrSm pkusif&JUqHxdk; a&mufaew,fqdkawmh
cif A sm;wd k Y u pk u sif u d k zrf ; qD ; csKyf a ES m if x m;wm Nzpf c sif N zpf ? r[k w f & if pk u sif u d k cif A sm;wd k Y
azsmufzsufowfNzwfypfvkdufwm Nzpf&r,f? 'gawGtwGufaum cifAsm;wdkY b,fvkdaNz&Sif;csuf ay;rvJ}}
ydik u
f sifvu Hk a0ck;H wkYd ukd NyefaNymonf/ olYpum;u 0efcpH um;vnf; [kwo f nf? pGypf pJG um;vnf; [kwo f nf/
þodkYNzifh a0ckH;ESifh ydkifusifvkH tNiif;yGm;cJhMuonf/ xdkrSwqifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfESifh e*g;NzLa*[mwdkY
tMum; Nyóemrsm; ydkrdkMuD;rm;vmonf/ wpfzufESifhwpfzuf &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufrIrsm;vnf; MudKMum;MudKMum;
Nzpfay:vmMuonf/
71
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ odkif;orm;rsm;onf ydkifpkusifudk aNrvSefum vkdufvHpkHprf;&SmazGMuonf/
ydkifusifvkH\ e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;uvnf; ydkifpkusiftaMumif;udk oJoJrJrJyif vdkufvHpkHprf;
&SmazGMuonf/
ydkifpkusifwkdYurl þtaMumif;udk rodMuay/
vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif ZmwfNrKyfaexdkifum b0opfwpfckudk xlaxmifvsuf pdwfat;vufat; &SdaecJhonf/
ZGJMuD;MuD;ESifh vdkufvHpkHprf;&SmazGaeMuolwdkY\ pufuGif;rS Mum&SnfpGm a&Smifwdrf;aeNcif;awmh rNyKEdkifcJhay/
aemufqkH;wGif .../
ydkifpkusifonf vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif ZmwfNrKyfum b0opfudk xlaxmifaexdkifcJhonf/
olwdkY\b0rSm &dk;om;um tawmfyif at;csrf;aeonf[k qdk&rnf/
tcsdefwa&GUa&GU ukefvGefvmonfESifhtrQ ydkifpkusif\udk,f0efonfvnf; &ifhrmvmNyD; arG;zGm;csdefyif
eD;uyfvmonf/
rMumrDtcsdeftwGif; &ifaoG;&wem xGef;um;vmawmhrnf[laom todNzifh &SD;[kefESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY
ZeD;armifESHrSm MunfEl;0rf;omaeMuonf/
csif;csif;rSmvnf; ydkifpkusif arG;zGm;vmrnfh &ifaoG;&wemudk rdrd\ wlav;? wlrav;ozG,f oabmxm;um
MunfEl;aysmf&Tifaerdonf/
vlae&yf&GmESifh a0;uGmvSrf;onfhae&mwGif om;OD;udk arG;zGm;&rnfh ydkifpkusiftwGuf &SD;[kefu
aq;q&mMuD;wpfa,muf MudKwifyifhac:xm;vdkufonf/
aq;q&mMuD;onf ydkifpkusifudk prf;oyfMunfh&INyD;aemuf rdcifa&m uav;yg usef;rmoefpGrf;a&;twGuf
tm;aq;wdkufauR;&ef vdktyfonf[k aNymum aq;azmfpyf&ef aq;nTef;udk a&;ay;onf/
vl&dkif;awmifukef; teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif aq;yifaq;Nrpfrsm; aygrsm;onfhtwGuf vdkdtyfonfh
aq;trnftrsm;pkudk pkaqmif;&&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkae&ma'oü aygufa&mufNcif;r&Sdonfh aq;trnfrsm;vnf;
yg0ifaeay&m uGrfwkef;NrdKUodkY oGm;a&mufí vdktyfaom y&aq;rsm; 0,f,l&ef csif;csif;udk wm0efay;apvTwf&ef
pDpOf&avawmhonf/
csif;csif;onf e*g;NzLa*[mwGifom aexdkifMuD;Nyif;vmcJh&ol Nzpfonf/ ydkifpkusifESifh ESpfa,muftwl
c&D;xGufvmonfh tcsdefrwdkifrDtxd rnfonfhae&modkYrQ c&D;roGm;zl;cJhay/
xdkYNyif csif;csif;onf pum;rsm;um pdwfNrefNyD; a[ma[m'dkif;'kdif; vkyfwwfonf/ csif;csif;udk uGrfwkef;NrKdUodkY
aq;t0,fapvTwf&ef ydkifpkusifrSm pdwfrcsEdkifatmif Nzpfae&onf/
pum;rsm;wwfaom csif;csif;onf vrf;c&D;wGif rdrdESifhrqdkifaom udpörsm;wGif 0ifpGufzufrdrnfrSm
aocsmonf/ pdwfuvnf; NrefonfhtwGuf Nyóemrsm; awGUMuKHrnfudk ydkifpkusif pdk;&drfrdonf/
]]csif;csif;&,f ... eifu wpfa,mufwnf; c&D;a0;oGm;zl;wm r[kwfbl;? tck vTwfvdkuf&wmudk
igpdwfrcsEdkifatmif Nzpfaew,f? c&D;oGm;&if; bmudkrSpyfpyfpkpk rvkyfeJY? pum;vnf; rsm;rsm;raNymeJY?
b,f a vmuf x l ; qef ; wJ h ud p ö a wG U awG U 0if r pyf p k e J Y ? pd w f u k d v nf ; twwf E d k i f q k H ; xd e f ; ? b,f v d k y J
rcHcsifp&mtaMumif;awG MuKHMuKH pdwfvdkufrmefyg rvkyfeJY? twwfEdkifqkH; onf;cH [kwf&JUvm;}}
ydkifpkusifonf csif;csif;udk pdwfrcsEdkifbJ wzGzGrSmMum; aNymqdkaeav\/
]]pdwfcsyg rrav;&,f? uRefruav; r[kwfawmhygbl;? rMumcif a':av; tac:cH&awmhr,f vlyg
rrav;&JU}}
csif;csif;u þokdYNyefaNymum ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwdkYudk EIwfqufí vl&dkif;awmifukef;rS xGufcGmoGm;onf/
csif;csif;ESifhtwl xefcsDqdkif;\ wynfhwpfa,mufvnf; tazmftNzpf vkdufygvmcJhonf/
csif;csif;onf a,mufsm;av;wpfa,muftoGif &kyfzsufum xefcsDqdkif;\ wynfhwpfa,mufudk tazmfNyKNyD;
uGrfwkef;NrKdUodkY c&D;xGufvmcJhonf/
olrtay: tpdk;&drfMuD;um aoaocsmcsm rSmMum;vdkufonfh ydkifpkusif\pum;udk csif;csif; wpfoa0rwdrf;
em;axmifonf/
c&D;wpfavQmufwGif rnfonfh taMumif;udpöudkrQ *&krpdkufcJhay/
72
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
uGrfwkef;NrdKUokdYta&muf tNrefqkH;oGm;NyD; vdktyfonfh aq;trnfrsm; 0,f,l\/ udpöNyD;onfESifh
vl&dkif;awmifukef;odkY NyefvmcJhonf/
þokYd csi;f csi;f u rnfonft h &mudrk Q *&krpku d b
f J c&D;ukod mESicf rhJ aI Mumifh rvdv
k m;tyfaom taMumif;udprö sm;
qufwdkuf ay:aygufvmcJhNyefonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;udk ae&mtESHYapvTwfum ydkifpkusifwdkYtaMumif;
vdkufvHpkHprf;apcJhonf/
xdkokdY vkdufvHpkHprf;aeonfh tpkwpfpkonf uGrfwkef;NrKdUodkY a&muf&Sdae&m csif;csif;udk trSwfrxif
awGUNrifoGm;Muonf/
csif ; csif ; onf a,muf s m;av;wpf a ,muf t oG i f &k y f z suf N yKNyif x m;aomf v nf ; e*g;NzLa*[mrS
odkif;orm;rsm;u vIyf&Sm;rItoGifESifh pum;aNymoHrsm;rSaeí csif;csif;NzpfaMumif; rSwfrdoGm;onf/
tu,fí csif;csif;om ywf0ef;usifudk *&kpdkufMunfh&Iaernfqdkygu e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;udk
awGUNrifrdrnf rvGJay/
,ckrl csif;csif;onf bmudkrQ *&krpdkufbJ aq;trnfrsm;udkom 0,f,lcJhonfhtwGuf tEÅ&m,fudk
rodrNrifvdkuf&awmhay/
csif;csif;ESifhtwl ygvmcJholu ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfMunfh&IaecJhaomvnf; e*g;NzLa*[mrS
odkif;orm;rsm;udk rodonfhtwGuf csif;csif;tm; MudKwifowday;EdkifNcif; r&SdcJhay/
csif ; csif ; ud k aNc&maumuf r d M uaom e*g;NzLa*[mrS od k i f ; orm;rsm;onf csif ; csif ; rod a om
rdrdwdkYvlESpfa,muftm; csif;csif;wdkYaemufodkY aemufa,mifcH vdkufoGm;Mu&ef wm0efay;vdkufMuonf/
þokdYNzifh ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;[kefwkdY vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif Zmwfûr§yfum cdkatmif;aerItaMumif;pkHudk ydkifusifvkH
od&SdoGm;avawmhonf
]]awmuf ...}}
yd k i f p k u sif E S i f h ywf o uf o nf h owif ; pk H u d k Mum;&aomtcg yd k i f u sif v k H o nf a'gowMuD ; yif
awmufacgufvdkufonf/
]]awmuf ... rdkufvkH;MuD;vdkufwJh aumifrav;? vlrdkuftm;ay; vkyfw,f? tvdkvdkuf trdkufapmfum;eJY?
a&Smifvif*dkPf;eJY NyóemNzpf&atmifvnf; vkyfvkdufao;w,f? oif;udk owfypfzdkYyJ aumif;w,f}}
ydkifusifvkHu qufvufNyD; qlylMudrf;armif;aeonf/
]][if; ...}}
xdkokdY qlylMudrf;armif;ae&mrS oufNyif;&SnfMuD;wpfcsufcsNyD;aemuf qifpG,fxdkifckHay:wGif aNcypfvufypf
xdkifcsvdkufonf/
cef;raqmifxJwGif e*;gNzLa*[m\ okdif;orm;wpfcsKdU&SdaeMuaomfvnf; rnfolurQ toHrNyK&JMu/
tm;vkH; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufvsuf &SdaeMuonf/
ydkifusifvkHudk ydkifpkusifwdkYtaMumif; owif;vma&mufay;ydkYol odkif;orm;rSmvnf; acgif;razmf0Hhay/
e*g;NzLydkifusifvkHonf omreftcsdefwGif pdwfoabmxm;aumif;rGefum aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aewwfolNzpfonf/
okdY&mwGif pdwftvkdrusí a'goNzpfNyDqdkvQif e*g;MuD;wpfaumif rmefxovdk cufxefMurf;wrf;vSonf/
,ck ydik u f sifvt Hk zdYk a'grmefymG ;aecsdeNf zpf&m cef;raqmifx&J dS odik ;f orm;rsmonf wkww f w k yf if rvIy0f MhH uay/
ydkifusifvkHtzdkY Mum;&onfh owif;rsm;rSm cHNyif;p&mawGcsnf; Nzpfaeayonf/
aysmufcsufom;aumif;aeaom ydik pf u k sifonf ud, k 0f eft&ifth rmESihf &Sad eaMumif; owif;Mum;od&Nyefonf/
ydkifusifvkH\ tonf;udk "m;xufxufESifh wpfppDNzpfatmif vSD;onfhtvm; tcH&cufvSonfh taMumif;rSm
ydkifpkusifonf e*g;tpG,ftqdyf vufeufykef;Nzifh ypfcwfokwfoifNcif;cH&ol e*g;euf*dkPf;om; &SD;[kef\toufudk
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq; oufpGefYqHzsm; cdk;,lum u,fwifay;NyD; twlwuG
aygif;oif;aeonfqkdonfh owif;yifNzpfonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;onf e*g;u0dckepfazmfteuf aAGazmufum vrf;rSm;udkvdkufaeonf/ xkdYNyif ydkifpkusifESifh
aygif;oif;aeol &SD;[kefrSmvnf; zsHMuD;&SD;[kef[lí trnf&avmufatmif uvdefusaeol wpfa,muf NzpfaeNyefonf/
73
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&S D ; [k e f o nf yd k i f p k u sif u d k cspf c if M uif e m Nrwf E d k ; aomaMumif h r[k w f b J yd k i f p k u sif x H r S
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudk e*g;euf*dkPf;twGuf &,lvdkaomaMumifh Nzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifaygif;oif;aeNcif;
Nzpf&rnf[k ydkifusifvkHu wGufqonf/
rnfonfah e&mrQ ra&mufz;l aom ydik pf u k sio f nf zsMH uD;&S;D [kevf kd vlvnfwpfa,muf\ y&d,m,fqifuu G uf rkd S
wdk;0ifrdoNzifh orD;Nzpfoltay: ydkifusifvkH *&kPma'go Nzpfae&onf/
ydkifusifvkHonf ZeD;onf aoqkH;oGm;NyD;aemuf rdwqdk;orD;av;tay: tppt&m&m tvkdvkdufum
,k,xm;cJhonf/
tcspfMuD;vQif trsufMuD;onfqdkaom pum;vdk orD;tay:cspfrdorQ ,ckawmh ,rf;ykHrD;us a'goawG
xGufae&awmh\/
&ifxkremvnf; Nzpfae&onf/
ydkifusifvkHonf xdkif&mrSxum rdrd\ oD;oefYpmMunfhcef;xJodkY avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
a'gopdwfuawmh raNyaysmufao;/
]]okdif;avmurSm 'Davmuf orÇm&ifhvSwJh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJudkrS oGm;NyD; vQKdU0Sufypönf;eJY
tqdyfaNzaq;udk cdk;,l&owJh? [kdaumif zsHMuD;u wywfvSnfheJY cdkif;vdkufvdkY vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk ckd;,l&wmNzpfvdrfhr,f?
tckawmh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfeJY igeJY rsufESmysufp&m Nzpfae&NyD? om;orD;raumif; rdbacgif;qdkwJh pum;rsm;
w,frSefygvm;}}
ydkifusifvkHonf wpfa,mufwnf; wwGwfwGwf a&&GwfaNymqdk&if; a'goxGufaeonf/
xdkokdY a'goxGufae&aomfvnf; wpfzufwGif 0rf;enf;ylaqG;um ,lusKH;r&vnf; Nzpfae&Nyefonf/
ydik uf sifvo Hk nf rdwqd;k av; ydik pf u k siftay: zcifvw kd pfrsKd? rdcifvwdk pfo,
G f Munf&h aI pmifah &SmufvmcJ&h onf/
rdcifrJhae&Smonfh orDav;tay: tcspfawG ykHcJh&onf/
]]tif ; ... orD ; av; yd k i f p k u sif u d k ol U tarqk H ; yg;oG m ;NyD ; uwnf ; u igud k , f w d k i f yd k ; arG ; ovd k
apmifha&SmufNyKpkvmcJh&w,f? ol[m igh&JU taoG;tom;om rubl;? igh&JU toufudk,fyGm;vdkawmif NzpfaeNyD?
pkusif tckvkd rvdrrf ;kd rvdrm® eJY rdu k rf &J wm[m ightNypfvnf; ruif;bl;? igh&UJ qk;H ryJNh yifrI ayghavsmhwmaMumifv h Ykd vnf;
qdkEdkifw,f? olwdkYt&G,fu yJNym;yifvdk av,l&m,drf;wwfwmyJav}}
þodkY pOf;pm;rdNyefaomtcg orD;rdkuftay: a'grmefyGm;aerIrsm; avsmhyg;oGm;um 0rf;enf;ylaqG;rIu
ydkvmcJhonf/
]][l; ...}}
ydkifusifvkHonf avylMuD;wpfcsuf rIwfxkwfvkdufonf/ olYtawG;xJwGif zsHMuD;&SD;[keftaMumif;
0ifa&mufvmonf/ xdktcgwGif ydkifusifvkH rsufESmxm; wif;rmoGm;um vufoD;ESpfzufudk cyfwif;wif;
qkyfvdkufrdonf/
aqG;&dyfoef;aeaom rsufvkH;rsm;rSm a'goa&mifNzifh rD;0if;0if;awmufvmonf/
]]oif;toufu i,fawmhwm r[kwfbl;? ynmvJwwfxm;wmyJ? OmPfvnf;aumif;w,f? 'geJYrsm;awmif
trSm;trSef rqifNcifEdkifbl;wJhvm;? olwpfyg; aoG;aqmifNzm;a,mif;wkdif; ,kHMunfNyD; vkdufvkyf&owJhvm;?
oif;ukd,fwkdifuaum tvdkwltvdkyg rNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
ydkifusifvkH\ tawG;rsm; cufxefvmovdk rsufESmxm;uvnf; ydkíwif;rmvmonf/
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusif&Sd&m rD;aecef;xJ 0ifoGm;vkduf? tNyifokdY NyefxGufvmvdkufESifh tvGefyif
tvkyfrsm;aeonf/
,aeYonf ydkifpkusifwpfa,muf &ifaoG;i,fudk vlYavmuxJokdY arG;zGm;oefYpifay;awmhrnfhaeY Nzpfonf/
aq;0g;rStp vkdtyfonfrsm;udk toifhNyifqifxm;NyD; 0rf;qGJMuD;wpfa,mufvnf; &Sdaeonfhwdkif
csif;csif;onf om;OD;arG;zGm;&awmhrnfh ydkifpkusiftwGuf pdk;&drfruif; Nzpfaeonf/
pk;d &dryf yl efpwd rf sm; Nzpfaeonfeh nf;wl wpfzufwiG v f nf; 0rf;omaysmf&iT af eonf/ rMumrD tcsdet f wGi;f rSmyif
olrudk ]a':av;csif;csif;} [kac:rnfh vlwpfa,muf vlUavmuMuD;xJokdY a&muf&Sdvmawmhrnf r[kwfygvm;/

74
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;onf rD;aecef;xJwGif &Sdaeaom ydkifpkusiftwGuf 0rf;qGJonf ckdif;orQudk rqdkif;rwGyif
vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufay;aeonf/
&SD;[kefrSmrl tdrfa&SUcef;wGif xdkifaeonf/
vlu tdrfa&SUcef;xJwGif xdkifaeaomfvnf; &SD;[kef\ pdwfurl tdrftwGif;buf rD;aecef;xJ&Sd ydkifpkusifxHodkY
a&mufaeonf/
&SD;[kefonf xdkifaevdkuf? xvrf;avQmufvkduf NyK&if;tdrftwGif;bufqDrS Mum;&onfh nnf;nLoHrsm;udk
em;pGifhaxmifum pdwftvGefvIyf&Sm;aeonf/
tcsdefu wNznf;Nznf; ukefvmonf/
eHeufydkif;upí AdkufemaecJhaom ydkifpkusifrSm naeapmif;onfhwdkifatmif rD;zGm;oefYpifNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
arSmif&dyfyif orf;vmavNyD/
tdrftwGif;bufqDrS ay:xGufvmaom ydkifpkusif\ nnf;oHrsm;u ydkíus,favmifvmavovdkvdk
&SD;[kef\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
apmifhpm;&vGef;í pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeaom &SD;[kefonf tdrftwGif;buf&Sd rD;aecef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufoGm;&efyif
pdwful;rdum aNcvSrf;Nyifvkdufonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif owdNyef0ifum aNcvSrf;udk xdef;vdkufonf/
]][m ... r[k w f a o;bl ; ? ig txJ u d k 0if o G m ;ygNyD w J h ? igu bmvk y f a y;Ed k i f r S m vJ ? tvum;
taESmifht,Sufawmif NzpfaeOD;r,f}}
þokdYawG;um &SD;[kefonf xdkifckHwpfckwGif Nyefxdkifcsvdkufonf/
]]tm; ... tD; ... uRwfuRwf ... uRwf ...}}
ydkifpkusif\ nnf;oHu cyfus,fus,f ay:vmonf/
&S D ; [k e f \ &if x J w G i f 'd e f ; ceJ Nzpf o G m ;onf / a&qmovd k v d k &S d a omaMumif h a&xaomuf o nf /
a&aomufvdkufaomfvnf; &ifxJwGif wif;usyfaerIum; aysmufroGm;cJhay/
]]tif; ... ig[m pkusifudk tpu y&d,m,feJY [efaqmifNyD;cspfcJhayr,fh aemufydkif;usawmh wu,fudk
cspfvmcJhrdNyD? tckqdk&if ig[m pkusiftwGuf odyfudk pkd;&drfylyefae&NyD? arG;vmr,fhuav;[m om;vm; orD;vm;
rod E d k i f a o;ayr,f h pk u sif a rG ; vmr,f h &if a oG ; av;uawmh igh E S v k H ; om;ud k ypf c G i f ; vd k u f w J h
oHa,mZOfNrm;wpfpif;ygyJvm;}}
þodkYawG;&if; &SD;[kef\&ifxJwGif wpfMudrfwpfcgrQ rcHpm;&zl;aom MunfEl;yDwdt[kefudk &kwfw&uf
cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
]]pkusifu ightwGuf bmav;rsm; arG;zGm;ay;rvJ rodbl;? a,mufsm;av;qdk&if igeJYwlrSmyJ? NzLNzLazG;azG;
wpfwpf&pf&pfMuD; NzpfaerSmyJ? rdef;uav;qdk&ifawmh olUtarvdk &Tef;vufaewJh rsuf0ef;MuD;awG? ESmwHay:ay:
EIwfcrf;tdtdav;eJY odyfudkcspfp&m aumif;rSmyJ}}
&SD;[kefonf arG;zGm;vmawmhrnfh uav;ESifhywfoufí trsKd;rsKd; pdwful;,Ofaerdonf/
]]*D; ... *pf ... *pf}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif iSufqkd;wpfaumif tdrfay:rSNzwfysHoGm;&if; atmfNrnfvkdufonfh tr*FvmtoHudk
&SD;[kefMum;vkduf&onf/
&SD;[kef\&ifxJwGif xifhceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
]]bk&m;bk&m; ... iSufqkd;xkd;oGm;ygvm;? pkusiftaNctaeaumif;yghrvm;? tdk ... aq;0g;vnf; NynfhNynfhpkHpkH?
0rf;qGJMuD;vnf;tem;rSm &SdaewmyJ? bmrS ylyefp&mrvkdygbl;? pkusif usef;usef;rmrm &Sdygap? acsmacsmarmarm
arG;zGm;Edkifygap}}
&SD;[kefu pdwfxJrSusdwfum pdk;&drfylyef&if; qkawmif;vkdufrdonf/
rD;aecef;xJwGif ydkifpkusifonf 0rf;AdkuftwGif;&Sd uav;i,fvIyfwdk;rIaMumifh emusifrIa0'emudk
Nyif;Nyif;NyNyyif cHpm;ae&onf/ Nyif;NyvSaom a0'emcHpm;rIESifhtwl aoG;aMumrsm; yGifhuefaygufuGJvkeD;yg;yif
Nzpfaeonf/
75
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusif tvGefyiftm;i,faeonf/ olronf rdcifudk wrf;wcsifonf/ odkYaomf vlrSef;rodcifuyif
olr\rdcifu uG,fvGefoGm;cJhonfNzpf&m ydkifpkusif\pdwftm&kHwGif rdcifudk rnfokdYrnfykHNzpfrnfudk rodcJhay/
xdkYaMumifh zcifudkom wrf;wvdkuf&&Smonf/
]]tm; ... azaz&,f ...}}
ydkifpkusifrSm rdcifr&SdawmhonfhtwGuf zcifudkom rdcifvdk wpfrsKd;? zcifvkdwpfoG,f wG,fwmcJh&um
zcifudkyif EGJUqkd;qkd;vsuf MuD;Nyif;vmcJh&olNzpfonf/
zcifESifh pdwftcefYroifhonfhtwGuf tdrfa*[mrS xGufcGmvmcJh&aomfvnf; ydkifpkusifrSm zciftay:wGif
oHa,mZOfrNywf EdkifcJhay/ ,ckvdk a0'emcHpm;&um tm;i,faeonfhtcsdefwGif zcifudk wrf;wrdonf/
xdkokdY wrf;wrd&mwGif zcifESifh &SifuGJ uGJuGmaeonfhtNzpfudk owd&um &ifxJwGif qkdYeifhaMuuGJvm&onf/
]]bmrS aMumufp&mrvdkbl; orD;? arG;zGm;cgeD;rSm 'DvdkyJ cHpm;&wm "r®wmygyJ? uJ ... uJ nSpftm;enf;enf;ay;vdkuf?
arG;awmhrSmyg? arG;awmhrSmyg}}
0rf;qGJMuD;u ydkifpkusif\ 0rf;Nyifudk yGwfoyfay;&if; tm;ay;pum; aNymMum;onf/
csif;csif;rSm olr\wpfoufwmwGif þwpfMudrfom rsuf0g;xifxif awGUNrif&aom rdef;rwdkY\
obm0'ku©udk NyL;aMumifaom rsufvkH;rsm;NzifhMunfhum olr\ rrav;udk oem;aerdonf/

-------------------------------------------------------------

ydkifpkusif\ emusifrINyif;NypGm atmf[pfoHrsm;aMumifh &SD;[kefonf ZeD;onfxHokdY pdwfa&mufíaeavonf/


rMumrD arG;zGm;vmawmhrnfh om;vm; orD;vm;rod&ao;onfh &ifaoG;i,ftaMumif;udkawG;um
pdwful;,Ofí aerdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ...
&SD;[kef\em;xJwGif vlwpfa,muf\ vSrf;ac:oHMum;vdkuf&onf/
tNcm;tcsdefrsm;wGifqdkvQif &SD;[kefonf ac:oHMum;onfESifh aemufokdY csmceJvSnfhMunfhrdayrnf/
,cktcgwGifrl &SD;[kef\ pdwftm&kHonf a0'emcHpm;ae&aom ZeD;onf ydkifpkusiftwGuf pdk;&drfylyefrItNyif
rMumrD arG;zGm;vmawmhrnfh &ifaoG;i,ftaMumif; awG;um 0rf;omyDwdNzpfrIwdkYNzifh &IyfaxG;ae&aomaMumifh
ac:oHudkyif owdrNyKrdatmif Nzpfaeonf/
]]&SD;[kef}}
ac:oHu rwdk;rus,f xyfrHay:xGufvmNyefonf/
&SD;[kef owdrNyKrdao;/
]]&SD;[kef}}
avoH xyfay:vmonf/ toHvnf; tenf;i,f ydkus,fvmonf/
þtcgwGifrS &SD;[kefonf ac:oHudk owdNyKrdvmonf/
ZeD;onfESifh arG;zGm;vmawmhrnfh &ifaoG;i,ftaMumif;udk awG;awmaeaom &SD;[kefonf ac:oHudk
Mum;&aomfvnf; odyftav;rxm;rd/
]][if ... bmvJ[if}}
&SD;[kefu cyfayghayghom Nyefxl;vdkufonf/ yg;pyfu xl;vdkufaomfvnf; aemufodkY vSnfhrMunfhEdkifay/
ol\pdwftm&kHu ydkifpkusifxHwGif a&mufaeNrJNzpfonf/
tu,fí &SD;[kefonf ydkifpkusifxHodkY pdwftm&kHa&mufaeNcif; r&SdvQif ac:oH\xl;Ncm;csufudk
owdNyKrdayvdrfhrnf/
xdkokdYaom ac:oHudkMum;&onfESifh &efolNzpfaMumif; csufcsif; &dyfrdayrnf/
ydkifpkusifESifh csif;csif;wkdYonf &SD;[kefudk ]tpfudk} [kac:Muonf/ xefcsDqdkif;wkdYvlpku &SD;[kefudk ]q&mav;}
[k ac:Muonf/

76
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olYudk ]&SD;[kef} [k ac:onfhol[lí vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdcJhay/
ZeD;onfESifh arG;zGm;vmawmhrnfh &ifaoG;i,fwdkYtay: tm&kHa&mufaeaom &SD;[kefonf ac:oHxl;Ncm;csufudk
owdrrlrdcJhay/
xdkYaMumifh tEÅ&m,fudkvnf; MudKwifrodNrifEdkifcJhacs/
aemuf a usmbuf w G i f wpf p k H w pf a ,muf a&muf a erS e f ; od o nf / bmaMumif h ol Y u d k a c:aerS e f ; ?
b,folb,f0gNzpfrSef; oltav;rxm;Edkif/ ,cktcsdefwGif ydkifpkusifESifh arG;zGm;vmrnfh &ifaoG;i,fuom
olYpdwftm&kHxJwGif vTrf;rdk;aeonf/ b,ft&murS olYudk rxdef;csKyfEdkifcJh/
csif;csif;onf a0'emcHpm;ae&aom ydkifpkusifudk rsufvkH;tNyL;om;ESifh Munfhaerdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ydkifpkusifonf &ifaoG;&wemudk arG;zGm;oefYpifvkdufonf/
0rf;qGo J nfMuD;onf arG;zGm;vmaom uav;i,fukd tvdu k o f ifq
h ,
JG u
l m csuMf udK;Nzwfvu kd Nf yD; vkyaf qmif&ef
vdktyfonfrsm;udk Z,fqufovdk vkyfaqmifoGm;onf/
]]tl0J ... tl0J ... tl0J}}
uav;i,f\ idkoHu rD;aecef;xJwGif ysHUvGifhoGm;onf/
vlYabmifavmuxJokdY vlom;uav;i,fwpfa,muf 0ifa&mufvmcJhavNyD/
vlUb0\ xkH;pHtwdkif;yif tidkESifhb0udk tpysKd;vdkuf&onf/
Nyif ; xef a oma0'emud k cH p m;cJ h & onf h t wG u f EG r f ; e,f a eaom yd k i f p k u sif \ rsuf E S m wG i f
tNyKH;&dyfrsm;ay:vmonf/ olr\rsufcGHrsm;uawmh av;vHum arS;pif;aeonf/
]][m ... a,mufsm;av;awmhf? csif;csif;awmh wlawmfarmifav; wpfa,muf&NyD}}
csif;csif;u tm;&aysmf&TifpGmyif a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
]]tpfu&kd ;DS [kef vkcd sifaewJh om;av;arG;vmNyD? 'DtaMumif;udk tpfu&kd ;DS [kef od&&if b,favmufaysmfvrd rhf vJ}}
ydkifpkusif\pdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdonf/
xdkokdYawG;rdí ydkifpkusifonf toufxGufvkrwwfcHpm;cJh&aom a0'emudk owdr&Edkifawmh/ rsufESmav;
Munfvifum 0if;yvmonf/
rD;zGm;NyD;p rdef;rom;wdkif;\rsufESmonf MunfvifvSyum csrf;aNrUNidrf;at;aewwfNrJyif/
yd k i f p k u sif \ &if x J w G i f Nzpf a y:vmaom rd c if w pf a ,muf \ Muif e mrI *&k P mES i f h a rwå m wd k Y u
ydkifpkusif\pdwftpOfudk at;Nrcsrf;omoGm;apcJhonf/

----------------------------------------------------------

]]tl0J ... tl0J ... tl0J}}


uav;i,f\ idkoHaMumifh &SD;[kefrSm tMuD;tus,f 0rf;omaysmf&TifoGm;onf/ 0rf;omvGef;aomaMumifh
avxJokdY ckefMuGrdawmhrwwf ayghyg;&Tifvef;vm\/
pdk;&drfylyef&rIrsm; uif;pifvGifhaysmufoGm;&avNyD/
MunfEl;aysmf&TifrIudkom cHpm;&awmhrnf/
aemufbufwGif rdrdukdac:aeoltm; rdrdonf uav;taz NzpfNyDqdkaom 0rf;omp&mowif;pum;udk
vufoD;vufarmif;wef; aNymqkdMuKH;0g;&ef &SD;[kef aemufokdYvSnfhvdkufonf/
]][if ...}}
0rf;omp&mpum;xGufrvmbJ wtHhwMoa&&GwfvkdufoHom &SD;[kef\EIwfrS tvdkvdkxGufvmonf/
MunfEl;aysmf&TifrI t&dyfta,mifonfvnf; rsufESmay:rS &kwfNcnf;uG,faysmufoGm;&onf/
olNrif&onfu b,fvdkrS arQmfvifhxm;Ncif; r&Sdaom vlwpfa,muf/
toufaNcmufq,fcefY &Sdonf/ acgif;ay:&Sd qHyifrsm;tm;vkH; qGwfqGwfNzLaeonf/ tMunfhu
olYwpfukd,fvkH;udk xdk;azmufoGm;rwwf pl;pl;0g;0g;&Sdonf/
trlt&mu at;pufpufEdkifvGef;vSonf/
77
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
qHyifNzLNzL tbdk;MuD;\aemufwGif rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh &yfaeMuol av;a,mufvnf; &Sdaeao;onf/
]]zsHMuD; &SD;[kefqdkwm rif;vm;}}
tbkd;MuD;u at;pufrmausmaom toHESifh ar;onf/
]][kwf ... [kwfygw,f}}
&SD;[kefu rMuH&G,fbJ tvdkvdk NyefaNzrdvsufom; NzpfoGm;onf/
]]e*g;NzL ydkifusifvkHqdkwm igyJ}}
tbd k ; MuD ; u aNymaNymqd k q k d nmvuf u d k qwf c eJ q ef Y w ef ; um &S D ; [k e f \ b,f y k c k H ; nS y f & d k ; ay:&S d
aoG;aMumuGufae&mudk qkyfudkifzspfnSpfvkdufonf/
yd k i f u sif v k H \ vI y f & S m ;rI r S m tvG e f N ref q ef v S o nf / rsuf p d w pf r S d w f vQyf w Nyuf r Qyif rMumaom
tcsdefav;twGif;rSmyif &SD;[kefudk taMumydwfNyD;om; NzpfoGm;onf/
taMumydwcf &H aom &S;D [keo f nf ydik u
f sifvaHk &muf&v dS mNcif;rSm rdrt
d zdYk cspfZeD;onf ydik pf u
k sifEiS hf 'Db0twGuf
'DrQESifhyif a&pufukefNyD[kvnf; aumif;aumif; em;vnfvdkufonf/
]]igh & J U &if a oG ; av; vl U avmuud k a&muf w J h t csd e f r S m igu vl U avmu tNyif b uf u d k
xGufcGmoGm;&awmhrSmygvm;}}
&SD;[kefrSm þokdYawG;rdum &ifxJqdkYeifhvmNyD; rsuf&nfrsm;yif 0Jvmrdonf/
&SD;[keftzdkY uav;idkoHudk em;pGifhrdí rdrd\&ifaoG;av; arG;zGm;oefYpifcJhNyD qdkNcif;udkom odao;onf/
om;a,mufsm;av;vm;? orD;rdef;uav;vm;qdkonfudkawmh rod&ao;ay/
]]uRefawmf&h ifaoG;av;[m om;vm; orD;vm;qdw k m rod&ao;ygbl;? uRefawmf odcsifaeygw,f? od&atmif
cPavmufNzpfNzpf MunfhcGifhay;yg? uRefawmfh&ifaoG;av;udk wpfMudrfwpfcg Munfh&NyD;&if uRefawmf aoaysmfygNyD?
uRefawmfhudk MudKufovdk pD&ifMuyg}}
&SD;[kef xdkokdYxkwfazmf toem;cHvkdufcsifonf/
okdYaomf taMumydwfcHxm;&onfhtwGuf pdwftm&kHcHpm;rIom&SdNyD; EIwf[íum; pum;rqdkEdkif&Sm/
pum;raNymEd k i f a wmh o nf h &S D ; [k e f o nf awmif ; yef toem;cH a omtMunf h N zif h o m yd k i f u sif v k H u d k
Munfhvdkuf&avonf/
ydkifusifvkHuawmh &SD;[kef\ toem;cHaomtMunfhudk todtrSwfrNyKbJ b,fvuf0g;udk yifhaNr§mufum
Nyif;xefaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufwpfcsuf &dkufcsonf/
&S D ; [k e f c rsm vl Y avmuod k Y arG ; zG m ;oef Y pif v monf h &if a oG ; i,f r S m om;a,muf s m;av;vm;?
orD;rdef;uav;vm; qkdonfudkyif odcGifhr&/
&ifaoG;i,f\rsufESmudkyif MunfhNrifroGm;Edkif&Smay/
]]*pf ... *D; ... *D; ... *D;}}
tdrftNyifbufqDrS iSufqkd;xdk;oHwpfcsuf pl;&SpGm ay:vmNyefonf/
yd k i f p k u sif o nf rsuf v k H ; tpk H u d k r S d w f u m rS d e f ; íaeonf / Nyif ; Nyaoma0'emud k wpf a euk e f e D ; yg;
cHpm;cJh&onfhtwGuf vlrSmvnf; yifyef;EGrf;aeonf/
om;orD ; wk d Y tay: xm;&S d t yf a om rd c if w k d Y \ pd w f a Mumif h yd k i f p k u sif \ rsuf E S m av;rS m
Munfvif0if;yíaeonf/
0rf;qGJonf tbGm;tkd\ auseyftm;&pGmaNymvdkufoHudk ydkifpkusif Mum;&onf/
]]tm;yg; ... xGm;usKdif;vdkufwJhuav;? wvkH;wcJMuD;ygvm;? ighorD;uawmh wu,fhudk om;aumif;rdcif
wpfa,mufyJa[h}}
csif;csif;\ &TifNrL;wufMuGaom toHav;uvnf; qufíay:vmonf/
]]uRefrwlMuD;u vlacsmyJ rrav;a&? a[m ... Munfhprf;? NyKH;aew,f? [,f ... yg;csKdifhav;vnf;
ygw,fawmfh}}
0rf;qGJonf tbGm;tdkonf uav;i,fudk aphpyfaocsmpGm Munfh&Iae&if; ...
]]&kyf&nfxl;Ncm;wJh tNyif aNcz0g;wpfzufpDrSmvnf; rSJUeufav;vkH;pD ygw,f[Jh}}
78
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aNcz0g;rS m rS J Y euf &S p f v k H ; ygw,f q d k a wmh uRef r wl a v;[m xl ; cRef w J h a,muf s m;aumif ;
wpfa,mufNzpfvmrSmaygh? tJ'Dtcgusawmh ta':NzpfwJh uRefrvnf; rsufESmyGifh&OD;rSmaygh}}
þpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg ydkifpkusifonf rdrd\om;udk teD;uyfMunfh&IaxG;ydkufvdkpdwfrsm;
xdef;r&Edkifawmhay/
]]nDrav;a& ... om;udk cPavmufNyprf;ygOD;}}
ydkifpkusifonf arm[kdufyifyef;aeonfhMum;rS tm;,lum aNymvdkuf\/
]][kwfom;yJ ... [kwfom;yJ? om;av;a& ... ararMuD;qDudk oGm;vkdufygOD;}}
csif;csif;u þodkYaNymNyD; 0rf;qGJonfMuD;vufrS uav;i,fudk,lum ydkifpkusif\ &ifcGifxJokdY
xnfhay;vdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifonf om;i,f\ aNcz0g;ESpfzufudk Munfhvdkuf&m aNcz0g;wpfzufpDwGif xif&Sm;pGmay:aeaom
rSJUeufav;ckpDudk awGUNrif&onf/
]]tif; ... om;&JU aNcz0g;rSm rSJUeuf&Spfckygwm tawmfxl;Ncm;wJh vu©PmyJ? om;[m waeYrSm
xGef;awmufausmfMum;wJh vlwpfa,mufNzpfvmrSm rvGJbl;? 'DtaMumif;udk olUtazod&if odyfudk0rf;omrSmyJ}}
ydkifpkusifu cyfwkd;wdk;a&&Gwfum om;i,fudk &ifcGifxJwGif tomt,m axG;ydkufxm;vdkufonf/
]]uav;tazudk ac:vdkY&ygNyD? olvnf; olYom;udk MunfhcsifrSmyJ}}
0rf;qGo J nfMuD;u csi;f csi;f udk vSr;f Munfu h m aNymvdu k o
f nf/ 'DawmhrS csi;f csi;f vnf; rD;aecef;tNyifbufwiG f
apmifhqkdif;aeonfh &SD;[kefudk owd&vmonf/
]][if ... [kwfyg&JU? om;av;arG;vkdY 0rf;omaewmeJY tpfudk&SD;[kefudk tusKd;taMumif; oGm;aNymzdkYawmif
arhaew,f? uJ ... uRefr oGm;aNymvdkufOD;r,f}}
csif;csif;onf aNymaNymqdkqkdyif tNyifbufodkY xGufoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifonf &ifcGifxJü tdyfaysmfaeaom om;i,fudk ikHYMunfhvkdufonf/
tNypfuif;pifaom rsufESmav;udk Nrifvdkuf&onfwGif ydkifpkusif\&ifxJü csrf;aNrUMunfEl;oGm;onf/
]]tif; ... rdbarwåm[m w,fvnf;MuD;rm;ygvm;? b,frb d rqdk om;orD;tay:rSm tifrwefNzLpifoefY&iS ;f wJh
arwåmudkxm;MupNrJyJ? aMomf ... azazhudk owd&vdkufwm? azaz ... azaz olYrSm aNr;OD;a,mufsm;av;&NyD
qkdwJhtaMumif;om azazod&if b,fvdkrsm; aervJ}}
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif awG;vkdufrdonf/
csif;csif;onf om;a,mufsm;av;arG;zGm;aMumif; &SD;[kefudk aNymNy&ef tdrfa&SUcef;odkY xGufvmcJhonf/
tdrfa&SUcef;xJokdY taNy;av;xGufvm&if; csif;csif;\ EIwfzsm;rSvnf; atmf[pfvmonf/
]]tpfudk &SD;[kefa& 0rf;om ...}}
wHcg;0wGif vlwpfa,muf &kwfw&ufawGUvdkuf&onfhtwGuf csif;csif;rSm aNymvufp pum;udk qkH;atmif
raNymEdkifbJ &yfwefYoGm;onf/
olrawGUNrif&aomvludk rsufvkH;tNyL;om;ESifh xdwfvefYpGm Munfhrdonf/
þvludk þtcsdef þtcgrsKd;ü þae&mwGif awGU&vdrfhrnf[mk csif;csif; vkH;0xifrxm;cJh/
csif;csif;wpfa,muf e*g;NzLydkifusifvkHESifh &ifqdkifrd&avNyD/
e*g;NzLydkifusifvkHudk csif;csif;awGUvkduf&csdefwGif ydkifusifvkHu &SD;[kefudk taMumydwfcsKyfzrf;um
vuf0g;Nzifh&dkufcsvdkufonfh tcsdefNzpfonf/
e*g;NzLydkifusifvkH\ a'gormefNzifh cufxefaeonfhrsufESmu csif;csif;\ aMumufpdwfukd ydkrdkrsm;Nym;apovdk
&SD;[kef\ toem;cHaomtMunfhuvnf; csif;csif;\ &ifudkxdckdufaMuuGJaponf/
om;a,mufsm;av; arG;zGm;onfudkyif rod&awmhbJ b0ed*kH;csKyf&rnfh &SD;[kef\tNzpfudk csif;csif; tvGefyif
oem;rdonf/
&S D ; [k e f o nf wcsd e f u qd k ; oG r f ; rd k u f r J c J h o nf h vl w pf a ,muf N zpf o nf r S m rS e f o nf / yd k i f p k u sif u d k
y&d,m,fqifvSnfhpm;cJhonfrSmvnf; [kwfonf/ odkYaomf tNrifrSef&vmNyD;onfhaemufykdif;wGif &SD;[kefonf
vrf;rSefay:wGif aumif;pGmavQmufvSrf;aeonfudk csif;csif; rsufNrifudk,fawGUNzpfayonf/
79
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYNyif ydkifpkusifarG;zGm;vmrnfh &ifaoG;av;tay:wGif &SD;[kefrnfrQcspfNyD; rnfrQarQmfvifhxm;onfudkvnf;
csif;csif; aumif;pGm em;vnfonf/
aoG;rawmf om;rpyfaom rdrduyifvQif ydkifpkusifom;a,mufsm;av;arG;onfhtwGuf tvGef0rf;omrdvQif
zcif&if;wpfa,mufNzpfaom &SD;[keftaeNzifh þowif;udk Mum;&vQif rnfrQ0rf;omaysmf&Tiftm;wufavrnfenf;/
csif;csif;\pdwfxJwGif udk,fcsif;pmpdwfNzifh aMuuGJqdkYeifhpGm cHpm;rdonf/
,ckrl ...
&SD;[kefrSm om;a,mufsm;av;wpfa,muf arG;zGm;onfhowif;udkyif odEdkifrnfr[kwf/
csif;csif;onf ydkifusifvkHudk awmif;yef[efYwm;csifonf/ om;a,mufsm;av;arG;zGm;onfh owif;udkvnf;
&SD;[keftm; aNymMum;today;vdkufcsifonf/
od k Y aomf aMumuf & G H U xd w f v ef Y rI a Mumif h tmap;xnf h x m;ovd k Nzpf a eonf h t wG u f csif ; csif ; rS m
rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rqdkEdkif/
ausmuf&kyfMuD;wpf&kyfvdk awmifhawmifhMuD;&yfaeonf/
]]aNzmif;}}
ydkifusifvkH\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufu &SD;[kefudk xdrdonf/ vuf0g;Nzifh &dkufcsvkdufcsdefrSmyif ydkifusifvkHonf
csKyfzrf;xm;onfhvufudk vTwfvdkufonf/
&SD;[kefrSm aysmhacGvsuf vJusoGm;onf/
csif;csif; tvGefyif wkefvIyfaMumufvefYaeonf/ NzpfEdkifrnfqdkvQif 'Dae&mrS tckd;taiGUNzpfum
aysmufuG,fxGufoGm;vdkonf/
okdYaomf vufawGUwGifum; csif;csif;twGuf xGufaygufr&&SmcJh/
ydkifusifvkHu csif;csif;\vufaumuf0wfudk qwfceJqkyfzrf;vdkufonf/
vufaumuf0wfay:&Sd aoG;aMumuGufae&mudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifzdukdifum qkyfzrf;vdkufonf NzpfaomaMumifh
csif;csif;rSm wudk,fvkH; usOfceJcHpm;vkduf&NyD; pum;vnf; raNymEdkif? vIyfvnf;rvIyf&Sm;Edkifaom taNctaeodkY
a&mufoGm;&avawmhonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif 0rf;qGJonftbGm;tdkonf tNyifbufrS vIyf&Sm;oHrsm;aMumifh taNy;av;xGufvmonf/
ydik u
f sifvu Hk qD;MudKNyD; taMumydwv f u kd &f m 0rf;qGo
J nftbGm;tdrk mS vnf; bkrodbrodyif taMumydwcf &H NyD;
owdvpfvJusoGm;onf/
]]pkusif ... b,frSmvJ}}
ydkifusifvkHu avoHrmrmESifh ar;\/
toHu cyfwkd;wdk;Nzpfaomfvnf; wif;rmvSonf/
taMumydwcf x H m;&onfh csif;csif;rSm EIw[ f um pum;rqdEk ikd /f odYk aomf csif;csif;\rsufv;Hk rsm;u olUrrav;
ydkifpkusif&Sdae&mtwGif;cef;bufodkY tvkdtavsmufvSrf;Munfhrdonf/
csif;csif;\rsufvkH;tMunfhudk ydkifusifvkH tuJcwfrdonf/ ydkifpkusifwpfa,muf twGif;bufcef;xJwGif
&SdaeaMumif;udkvnf; tvkdvkdyif em;vnfod&SdoGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkHonf csif;csif;udk ukyfzrf;qGJac:NyD; twGif;cef;xJokdY avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
[kd,kqefu ydkifusifvkH\aemufrS twlvdkufygoGm;onf/
usefvlrsm;rSm tNyifbufwGif usefaecJhMuonf/
ydkifpkusifonf arG;uif;p uav;i,fudk &ifcGifwGif axG;ydkufvsuf tcef;t0if0udk ausmay;NyD;
cyfauG;auG;av; rSdef;aeonf/
olr&Sdaeonfh tcef;xJokdY tEÅ&m,ft&dyfrnf;MuD; tkyfrdk;usa&mufvmaeonfudk ydkifpkusif rodao;/
ukd;vwdkif vG,fxm;&NyD; a0'emtrsKd;rsKd;cHpm;&um arG;zGm;xm;&aom om;udk ,cktcgwGif &ifcGifxJrSm
axG;ydkufxm;&onfhtwGuf Nzpfay:vmaom MunfEl;rI? 0rf;omrIonf bmESifhrQ rvJEdkifawmhay/
þMunfEl;0rf;omrI rnfrQtxd MumMumcHygrnfenf;/
ydkifusifvkHonf csif;csif;udk tcef;0em;wGifxm;cJhum ydkifpkusif&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;csif;uyfoGm;onf/
80
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
[kd,kqefvnf; csif;csif;ab;em;wGif &yfusefcJh\/
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusifudk vSr;fatmf owday;vdkufcsifonf/ odkYaomf taMumydwfcHxm;&onfhtwGuf
rnfokdYrQ rvIyf&Sm;Edkif? toHrNyKEdkif/
ausmuf&kyfMuD;vdk awmifhawmifhMuD;om rwfwwf&yfae&Smonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf orD;rdkufudk Nrif&aomtcg a'gorD;ydkí awmufavmifvmonf/ a'goa&mifNzifh
0if;0if;awmufaeonfh rsufvkH;rsm;u ydkifpkusifudk pdef;pdef;MuD;Munfhaeonf/
ydkifpkusiftdyfaeaom ckwifem;odkY ydkifusifvkH a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
csif;csif;rSm &ifwxdwfxdwfckefae&onf/ tEÅ&m,fonf ydkifpkusifESifh tvGefeD;uyfaeavNyD/
ydkifusifvkHonf orD;udkMunfh&if; &ifxJwGif emusifpGm cHpm;ae&onf/
rdrdtvGefyif cspfNrwfEdk;&avaom orD;? rdrdudk,fwdkif apmifha&Smufum ynmrsm; oifMum;ay;cJhaom orD;/
odkYaomf ...
rdrdudk aNcpkHuefum ypfy,f&kef;xGufoGm;aom orD;/ rdrd\ emrnfESifh odu©mudk xdcdkufusqif;atmif
NyKcJ h a vaomorD ; / i,f p Of u wnf ; u auR;arG ; apmif h a &S m uf c J h & onf h orD ; / yd k i f p k u sif u d k yd k i f u sif v k H
tvGefyifcspfygonf/
rd r d e mrnf E S i f h *k P f o d u © m ud k xd c k d u f u sqif ; atmif vk y f & uf a vaom orD ; rd k u f u d k yd k i f u sif v k H
tvGefemMunf;rkef;wD; rdonf/
ydkifusifvkH\rsufvkH;xJwGif ydkifpkusifESpfa,mufudk awGUNrifovdkvdk xifae&onf/
wpfa,muf olcspfNrwfEdk;aom orD;tvdr®m ydkifpkusif/
usefwpfa,mufu ol rkef;wD;em;Munf;aeaom trdkufr ydkifpkusif/
orD;tvdr®m ydkifpkusifudk ,k,Muifemvdkufonf/ trdkufr ydkifpkusifudkawmh owfNzwfokwfoifypfcsifonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf acgif;udk wpfcsuf,rf;um ydkifpkusifudk MunfhvdkufNyefonf/
ydkifpkusifwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdaeonf/ 'Dykdifpkusifvnf; rdrdemrnfysuf *kPfodu©musatmif
vkyfcJhonfhtNyif olcdk;"m;&dk;urf; qkdovdk &efoltm;ay;vkyfaeolvnf; Nzpfonf/
xdkcPü ydkifusifvkH\ pdwftpOfudk a'got[kefu vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/
a'gopdwf arm[pdwfwkdYonf pOf;pm;qifNcifNcif; oufnSmaxmufxm;Ncif; r&SdawmhbJ pdwfxif&mudk
NyKwwfNrJNzpfonf/
ydkifusifvkHrSmvnf; a'gopdwfvTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh rkef,dkaeaom qif&dkif;MuD;wpfaumifvdk NzpfaeavNyD/
wpfOD;wnf;aom rdwqdk;orD;av;udkyif roufnSmEdkifawmh/
olUnmvufufk yifhaNr§mufvdkufonf/
csif;csif;onf ydkifusifvkHudk tvefYwMum;yif Munfhaeonf/
olr\&ifrSm wxdwfxdwf ckefaeonf/
ydkifusifvkH nmbufvuf aNr§mufwufoGm;onfudk awGUvkduf&aomtcg csif;csif;rSm tMuD;tus,f
xdwfvefYoGm;onf/
]]rvkyfygeJY ... rvkyfygeJY? rrav;udk rowfygeJY}}
csif;csif; vSrf;atmfwm;Nrpfvdkufonf/
od k Y aomf taMumyd w f c H x m;&onf N zpf a omaMumif h ol r \pum;oH o nf tNyif o k d Y xG u f r vm/
vnfacsmif;xJwGifyif aysmufuG,foGm;cJhonf/
csif;csif;rSm owday;ívnf;r&/ wm;qD;&efvnf; rNzpfEdkif/ tvGefyiftcufawGU ae&&Smonf/
tvGefyiftonf;,m;aeonf/
rdrd tvGefcspfNrwfEdk;aom rrav; ydkifpkusif r&IrvS aoyGJ0if&awmhrnf/ bmrQ rwwfEdkifbJ
'Dtwdkif;Munfhae&awmhrnfh taNctaersKd; qdkufa&mufaeonf/
yd k i f p k u sif w pf a ,muf aowG i f ; EI w f c rf ; 0od k Y a&muf a eaom tNzpf u d k M unf h & if ; csif ; csif ; onf
rdrdukd,fwdkifcHpm;ae&onfhtvm; aZmacR;awGNyefum wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;ae&&Smonf/
81
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rsufvkH;pkHrSdwfum rdSef;aeaom ydkifpkusifonf vkH;0tumtuG,f uif;rJhaeonf/
ydkifusifvkH owfvQifvnf;ao? xm;vQifvnf; ae&rnfh taNctaersKd; Nzpfaeonf/
ydkifpkusif\ &ifcGifxJwGif arG;uif;p om;i,fav; ESpfNcdKufpGm tdyfarmusaeonf/
uav;i,fonf tdyaf rmusae&mrS tJch eJ ido k w
H pfcsufNyK\/ xdik o
kd oH nf ydik uf sifv\
Hk &ifukd &du k cf wfE;dI ovdk
NzpfoGm;\/
arG;uif;puav;i,f\ ayGUydkufxm;onfh rdcifi,f\ESvkH;om; wodrfhodrfhwkefoGm;aponf/
'DNrifuGif;rsKd; ydkifusifvkH rarh/
aESmif;twdwfrSNzpf&yfonf t&dyfozG,f ydkifusifvkHpdwfxJwGif pGJNidxif[yfaeonf/
ESpfaygif;ESpfq,frQMumNrifhcJhNyD Nzpfaomfvnf; ydkifusifvkHtzdkYrl raeYwaeUuvkdyif cHpm;ae&onf/
xdkaeYvdktcsdef ydkifusifvkH\ ZeD;onfu cspforD;av; ydkifpkusifudk arG;zGm;cJhaomaeU/
tcsdefuvnf; ,ckvdknydkif;tcsdef/
ydkifusifvkH\ZeD;onfrSm orD;acsmav;udk arG;zGm;NyD;aemuf aoG;wufíaeonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf ZeD;onftNzpfudk owdrrlrdao;bJ orD;av;udk cspfcifNrwfEdk;pGm ayGUcsDí erf;&Iyfaerdonf/
xdkYaemuf orD;av;acsmaMumif;? vSaMumif;udk vSrf;aNym&ef ZeD;onfbufokdY vSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcg
ZeD;onfrSm ZD0defcsKyfum aoqkH;aeNyDudk awGUvdkuf&avawmhonf/
arG;uif;puav;i,fudk ,k,MuifempGm axG;ydkuf&if; cyfapmif;apmif;av; tdyfaeonfh ydkifpkusifudkMunfhNyD;
ydkifusifvkHonf uG,fvGefoGm;aomZeD;udk Nrifa,mifowd&vmonf/
ydkifpkusifonf rdrdorD;? ydkifpkusif\&ifaoG;onf rdrd\aNr;qdkaom todpdwfu ydkifusifvkH\ rkef,dkaeaom
a'gopdwfudk cRef;tkyfum xdef;xm;vkdufonfhES,f NzpfoGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkH\acgif;xJwGif tawG;aygif;pkHwkdY wpfckNyD;wpfck Nzpfay:aeonf/
ydik pf uk sif\rdcif aoqk;H cJ&h ykH taMumif;udk Nyefvnfowd&um pdwt f m&kw
H iG f Nrifa,mifvmonf/ ydik pf u k sif\
cspfp&mtrlt&mESifh vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk NyefpOf;pm;rdvmonf/ ydkifpkusif rdkufrJpGm vkyfaqmifcJhykHrsm;udkvnf;
NyefawG;rdvmonf/
,ckrS vlYavmuodkY a&mufvmcgpNzpfaom uav;i,fav;\ tNypfuif;pifum cspfp&maumif;ykHudkvnf;
ydkifusifvkH qifNcifMunfhrdonf/
þuav;\zcif &SD;[kefrSm uG,fvGefoGm;cJhayNyD/ ydkifpkusif rdwqkd;av;NzpfcJh&ovdk þuav;i,frSmvnf;
zwqkd;Nzpf&avNyD/
þuav;i,f w G i f rd c if o mvQif tm;ud k ; tm;xm;NyK&mtNzpf usef a eonf / rd b ES p f y g;teuf
wpfOD;wnf;usefaeaom rdcifaoqkH;oGm;cJhygvQif þuav;i,fonf rdrJhzrJhNzpfoGm;&ayawmhrnf/ wpfukd,fwnf;
wpfaumifMuGufb0Nzifh avmu\tcuftcJESifh 'ku©rsm;udk &ifqkdif&ayawmhrnf/
NyD;awmh ...
'Duav;i,fonf rdrd\aoG;&if;om;&if; aNr;wpfa,mufvnf; NzpfaeNyefonf/
b0uHMur®mzefw;D vmrIt& ydik u f sifvo
Hk nf rdr\d aNr;Nzpfou
l kd twdtvif; Munf&h aI pmifah &Smufay;&efvnf;
rNzpfEdkifay/ xkdokdYvkyfaqmifygum e*g;NzLa*[m\ *kPfodu©mudk xdcdkufEdkifonf/ tNcm;aom e*g;u0drsm;
tv,fwGif rsufESmysuft&Suf&p&m Nzpfrnf/
tvGefrmeMuD;aom ydkifusifvkHtaeNzifh 'DvdktNzpfrsKd;udkvnf; ta&mufrcHEdkif/
wpfzufwGifvnf; rdrd\aNr;i,fav; wpfaumifMuGufb0Nzifh avmutv,fwGif rsufESmi,fae&rnfh
tNzpfudkvnf; r&I&uf? rNrif&uf/
ydik u f sifv\Hk aNrSmufxm;aomvuf0g;onf atmufoYdk NyefrusbJ avxJwiG o f m aNrmufvsufom;&Sad eonf/
þtNzpfudk [kd,kqefu Nrifonf/
rdrdq&m\pdwfxJwGif rnfokdYcHpm;ae&rnfqdkncif;udkvnf; [kd,kqefu rSef;qum tuJcwfrdonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf tvGefyifwdusNywfom;um aNymvQifaNymonfhtwdkif; vkyfavh&Sdolwpfa,mufNzpfaMumif;
[kd,kqef aumif;aumif;odxm;onf/
82
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vuf0g;&dkufcsuf xkwfvdkufvQif b,faomtcgwGifrQ ,ckvkd MuefYMumaerIrsKd;r&Sday/
vufvIyf&Sm;vkdufonfESifh vuf0g;&dkufcsufu OD;wnf&mudk oGm;onfcsnf;om/
]]tif; ... q&m[m olYorD;udk tckvdk rD;zGm;NyD;cgp taNctaersKd;eJY awGU&vdkY rowf&ufawmhbl;eJY wlw,f?
'gayr,fholu udk,fhtom;xJu aoG;udkawmif raumif;&if azmufxkwfypfr,fvdkY Mudrf;0g;NyD; vmcJhwmqdkawmh
pkusifudkrowfbJ NyefoGm;&if olUtaeeJYpum;ysufNyD; odu©musrSmudkvnf; pkd;&drfaeykH&w,f? iguvnf;
pk u sif w d k Y om;trd u d k rowf a pcsif y gbl ; ? 'D t usyf t wnf ; u a>rraowk w f r usKd ; eJ Y vG w f E d k i f a tmif
b,fvkdvkyf&&ifaumif;rvJ}}
[k, d qk ef\ pdwx f wJ iG f taumif;qk;H taNctae NzpfvmEdik rf nfh enf;vrf;udk tMuHxwk u f m pOf;pm;aerdonf/
aemufqkH;awmh taumif;qkH;NzpfEdkifrnf[kxif&aom tMuHwpfckudk pOf;pm;rdonf/
]][if; ...}}
ydkifusifvkHu oufNyif;av;av;MuD;wpfcsuf usdwfumcsonf/
a'gopdwfNzifh ydkifpkusifudk &dkufowfrnf[k aNrmufwifxm;aomvufonfvnf; wNznf;Nznf;csif;yif
tm;aysmhNyD; atmufokdY Nyefusvmonf/
vuf0g;onf t&SdefNyif;pGm usa&mufNcif;r&SdawmhbJ ydkifpkusif\ yg;NyifokdY nifom,k,pGmyif
yGwo f yfvu kd of nf/ rdro
d nf rnfonf&h nf&, G cf suNf zifh þae&mokYd a&mufvm&onf qdNk cif;udk ydik u
f sivf aHk rhomG ;avNyD/
rSed ;f aeaom ydik pf uk sifonf rdr\
d yg;Nyifukd vma&mufxad wGUyGwo f yfonfukd odonf/ ydik pf u
k sif\pdwx f w
J iG f
rdrd\cifyGef;onf &SD;[kef[k xifrSwfum rSdwfxm;aomrsufvkH;udk rzGifhao;bJ nifompGm aNymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudk om;udkMunfhygOD;? wwkH;wcJeJY cspfp&mMuD;}}
þokdYaNym&if; ydkifpkusifonf rdrd\yg;udkyGwfoyfaeaomvufudk rdrd\vufz0g;EkEkav;rsm;Nzifh
tomqkyfudkifvkdufonf/ ydkifusifvkHvnf; Nyefvnfqkyfudkifvdkufrdvsufom; NzpfoGm;\/
xdktcsdefwGif ydkifusifvkH\ rsufvkH;tdrfrsm;wGif rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0dkif;íaeavNyD/
ykdifusifvkHonf pdwf"mwfcdkifrmonf/ aoG;udkom t,dkpD;cHrnf? rsuf&nfawmhrus[lí aNymqkdavh&Sdonf/
,cktcgwGifrl rdrd\rsufvkH;tdrfxJwGif rnfonfhtcsdefu rsuf&nfawGNynfhvQrf;vmonfudkyif
ydkifusifvkHrodcJh/
ykdifusifvkH owdNyKrdonfhtcgwGifawmh ol\rsufvkH;tdrfxJrS rsuf&nfwpfaygufu ,dkpD;usum ydkifpkusif\
vufzrdk;ay:okdY usoGm;cJhonf/
xdkrsuf&nfaygufonf zcifESifhorD;tMum; oHa,mZOfudk azmfusL;onfh rsuf&nfaygufyifNzpfayvdrfhrnf/
vufzrdk;ay:okdY rsuf&nfwpfaygufusvmrIaMumifh ydkifpkusif\ rSdwfxm;aom rsufvkH;udk yGifhvmaponf/
]]tdk ...}}
ykdifpkusifonf tHhMorI xdwfvefYrIwdkYNzifh tmar!dwfoH NyKvdkufrdonf/
rdrd\zcifMuD;onf rdrd\tem;wGif a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awGU&onfhtwGuf tHhMoxdwfvefYoGm;Ncif;
Nzpfayonf/
tdyfrufrsm;avvm;/ tdyfrufNzpfygap[k taNy;tvTm;qkawmif;rdonf/
rdrduvGwfatmif ykef;a&Smifonf/
zcifu rD;ckd;rqkH; rdk;rqkH; vdkufvHpkHprf;&SmazGonf/
rdrdtaeNzifh vGwfatmif raNy;EdkifcJh/
zcifNzpfolonf rdrdudk &SmazGawGU&SdoGm;cJhavNyD/
ydkifpkusifonf tHhMoxdwfvefYonfhenf;wl wpfzufwGifvnf; 0rf;omrdNyefonf/
zatwpfck? orD;wpfckNzifh b0vrf;udk avQmufvSrf;cJh&olrdkY ydkifpkusifonf zcifudk tvGefcspfonf/
rwwfomí aetdrfrSxGufcGmcJh&aomfvnf; zcifudkawmh tcsdef&wdkif;yif owd&vGrf;qGwfaecJhonf/
om;tzESpfa,muf &kwfw&uf pum;rqkdifEdkifbJ wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf MunfhaerdMuonf/
]][if ... azaz ... azaz a&mufaew,f? [kwfygw,faemf? orD;pdwfxJu xifa,mifNrifrSm; Nzpfaewm
r[kwfygbl;aemf? orD;wkdY 'DrSm&Sdaewmudk azaz b,fvdkodovJ[if? azaz orD;udk rrkef;bl;aemf? orD;av;
83
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
apmapmuyJ azazhudk owd&rdao;w,f? a[m ... tck azaz a&mufvmNyD? orD;0rf;omvkdufwm azaz&,f?
odyf0rf;omwmyJ}}
ydkifpkusifu xdkpum;rsm;udk aNymxkwfvdkaomfvnf; EIwfcrf;vTmrsm;uom w&G&GNzpfaeonf/ pum;vkH;rsm;
xGufrvmcJhay/
olronf csif;csif;vdk taMumydwfcHxm;&Ncif;um; r[kwfay/ b,fvdkrQ rarQmfvifhbJESifh zcifudk
NrifawGUvdkuf&onfhtwGuf pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeaomaMumifh pdwfxJwGif&Sdonfhpum;udk &kwfw&uf raNymEdkifatmif
&SdaeNcif;yif/
]]azaz ... azaz&,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ w&G&GvIyfaeavaom EIwfcrf;rsm;rS zcifudk wrf;wrf;ww ac:aeaomtoHrsm;om
cyfwkd;wdk;ay:xGufvmonf/
]]orD; ... aeaumif;w,faemf}}
ydkifusifvkH\toHrSmvnf; qkdYeifhaMuuGJaeonf/
zcif N zpf o l \ Muif e mpG m ar;vd k u f r I a Mumif h yd k i f p k u sif o nf rd r d \ tNypf r sm;ud k owd & um
tawmifyifpdwfraumif;Nzpfrdonf/ rdrd\vufudkqkyfudkifxm;aom zcifydkifusifvkH\vufudk ydkrdkwif;usyfatmif
ydkifpkusifonf tm;ukefqkyfudkifvdkufrdonf/ ydkifusifvkHonfvnf; orD;\vufz0g;udk wif;usyfaeatmif
Nyefvnfqkyfudkifrdvsufom; Nzpfae\/
rdrdNyKvkyfcJhonfrsm;onf zcifMuD;udk pdwfqif;&Japonfh tvkyfrsm;NzpfaMumif;udk ydkifpkusif odaeonf
r[kwfygvm;/
]]azazhudkav ... orD; ...}}
ydkifpkusifu awmif;yef&ef pum;pvkdufonf/
]]bmrS aNymraeygeJYawmh orD;&,f? orD;eJY ywfoufwJh udpötm;vkH;udk ...}}
ydkifusifvkHu ydkifpkusif\pum;udk Mum;NzwfumaNymonf/
odkYaomf ydkifusifvkHudk,fwkdifrSmvnf; pum;udk qkH;atmifraNymEdkifbJ wpfydkif;wpfpESifh toHwdrf0ifum
&yfwefYoGm;onf/
ol o nf ]orD ; eJ Y ywf o uf w J h u d p ö t m;vk H ; ud k azazcG i f h v T w f y gw,f } [k a Nymvd k o nf / ok d Y aomf
ydik pf u
k si\
f cifyeG ;f onf &S;D [keu f kd vufveG o f mG ;NyDNzpfaomaMumifh ydik u
f siv
f rHk mS qk;H atmif raNymEdik bf J wpfyidk ;f wpfpESihf
&yfwefYoGm;Ncif; Nzpfayonf/
&S D ; [k e f t aMumif ; ud k yd k i f p k u sif o m od & S d o G m ;vQif [l a om tawG ; u yd k i f u sif v k H u d k
xdwfvefY&ifarmoGm;apNyefonf/
]]orD;av;[m rD;zGm;NyD;cgpyJ &Sdao;w,f? tckvdk tcsdeftcgrSm olYcifyGef; aoqkH;oGm;NyDqdkwmod&if odyfudk
pdwfxdckdufoGm;rSmyJ? pdwfxdcdkufNyD; &l;csif&l;oGm;r,f? 'grSr[kwf aoG;Ekom;EkeJY olU&JUrdcifvdk tdk ... bk&m; bk&m;}}
yd k i f u sif v k H o nf orD ; av;twG u f pd k ; &d r f y l y ef p G m awG ; awm&if ; rd r d a 'gotavsmuf
vufvGefaNcvGefNyKcJhrdonfudk MuD;pGmaemifw&aeonf/
odkYaomf NyKNyD;onfhtrIuawmh NyefNyifír&awmh/
]]azaz}}
rdrd\ a'gopdwfNzifh vufvGefaNcvGef vkyfvkdufrdonfudk aemifw&um ylyifaomua&mufaeaom
ydkifusifvkHonf orD;\ac:oHaMumifh qwfceJ wkefvIyfoGm;&onf/
]]bmvJ orD; ... bmaNymcsifvdkYvJ}}
ydkifusifvkH\toHrSm rodrom wkef,ifaeqJ Nzpfonf/
]]azazhudk orD; awmif;yefcsifvdkYyg}}
]]rvdkawmhygbl;uG,f? azaz cGifhvTwfNyD;ygNyD? 'geJYorD;udk aNym&OD;r,f}}
]]bmrsm;vJ azaz}}

84
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]orD;oabmruswJh usm;NzLr,f usKda0vefeJY azaz b,fvdkrS tquftoG,fr&Sdawmhygbl;? olUudkvnf;
e*g;NzLa*[mudk b,fawmhrS rvmawmhzdkY aNymvdkufygNyD}}
ydkifusifvkHonf ZeD;onf aoqkH;NyD;aemuf tdrfaxmifrNyKbJ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm rkqkd;zkdb0Nzifh aexdkifcJhNyD;
usm;NzLr,f usKda0vefESifh tdrfaxmifopfxlaxmif&ef pdwful;cJhonf/
xdkokdY pdwful;cJhrIaMumifh ydkifpkusifonf e*g;NzLa*[mrS xGufcGmvmcJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
,ck ydik u
f sifvuHk usm;NzLr,f usKda0vefEiS hf rnfoYdk rQ ywfoufrrI &Sad wmhaMumif; xkwaf zmfaNymvdu k of nfrmS
orD;Nzpfol\ pdwfwdkif;us tm;vkH;vkyfaqmifxm;onfhtaMumif; xkwfazmfvdkufNcif;yif Nzpfayonf/
ydkifusifvkH\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg rdrdu wpfzufowftNrifNzifh wZGwfxkd; vkyfcJhrdonfudk ydkifpkusif
pdwfraumif;Nzpf&Nyefonf/
]]aMomf ... azaz[m ightay:rSm wu,fhudkvdkufavsm&SmwmyJudk;? ighudkvnf; odyfudk cspf&Smwmygvm;?
iguom azaz rESpfoufwmawGudk trsm;MuD; vkyfrdcJhw,f}}
ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf/
]]azaz&,f ... orD;av t&ifuvdk pdwo f abmxm;rsKd; r&Sad wmhygbl;? avmutaMumif; obm0taMumif;udk
tawmfav; em;vnfvmygNyD? azazhtwGuf b0tazmfvdkcsif&if azaz pdwfwdkif;usomvkyfyg? orD; auseyfygw,f?
orD; usef;rmvm&if a':av;usKda0vefudk orD;udk,fwdkif oGm;awmif;yefNyD; ac:vmcJhyghr,f azaz&,f}}
ydkifpkusifonf ,cifuom ,ckvdk em;vnfrI&SdNyD; þpum;rsKd;aNymcJhvQif aMuuGJzG,f&m tNzpfrsm;ESifh
MuKH&rnfr[kwfay/
]]orD; pdwfat;at;om aeyg? [kdtaMumif; 'DtaMumif;awG avQmufpOf;pm;raeygeJY}}
ydkifusifvkHu aNymonf/
]]orD;av; ... a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;udk oGm;ckd;,lcJhrdw,f?
'DtaMumif;udk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu odoGm;&if azazhudk vmNyD; ta&;qdk Nyóem&Smaervm; raNymwwfbl;}}
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS odkif;orm;rsm; ydkifusifvkHxHodkY vma&mufum ta&;qdkcJhMuNyD;Nzpfonf/
xdkokdY ta&;qdk&mwGif tqdyfaNzaq;twGufom rubJ a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ vQKdU0Sufypönf;
aysmufqkH;rItwGufyg ydkifpkusifudk pGyfpGJcJhonf/
,ck ydkifpkusifu 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz toufu,faq;udk ,lcJhrdaMumif; 0efcHaeavNyD/ vQKdU0Sufypönf;eSifh
ywfoufíum; bmrQraNym/
rdrdorD;onf tqdyfaNzaq;udk ,lcJhaomfvnf; vQKdU0Sufypönf;ESifhrl rnfokdYrQ ywfoufNcif;r&SdEdkif[k
ydkifusifvkHawG;vdkufrdonf/
]]tcktcsdefrSm 'DtaMumif;awG awG;ylraeygeJUuG,f? NyóemawGNzpfvm&if azaz &Sif;ay;yghr,f}}
zcifNzpfolpum;aMumifh ydkifpkusifrSm tvGefyiftm;wuf 0rf;omoGm;&onf/
]]0rf;omvdkufwm azaz&,f? 'geJY azaz&JUaNr;av;udk b,fvdkemrnfay;&if aumif;rvJ[if}}
]]aMomf ... tif ; ... tif ; ... aemuf a wmh Nznf ; Nznf ; pOf ; pm;NyD ; emrnf a y;Muwmaygh ?
orD;pdwfwdkif;usNzpf&ygaphr,f? uJ ... uJ ... tck NyeftdyfvkdufOD;? bmrS ryleJYawmh? azaztNyifudk oGm;vdkufOD;r,f}}
ydkifusifvkHu þokdYaNymNyD; orD;Nzpfoludk i,fpOfu acsmhodyfcJhonfhtwdkif; rsufcGHudk tomt,m
vufacsmif;av;rsm;ESifhzdum rSdwfoGm;aponf/
ydkifpkusifrSm vufvGwfqkH;&IH;oGm;&avNyD[k xifrdaom zcif\arwåmESifh ,k,rIrsm;Nyefvnf&&SdaomaMumifh
pdwfxJwGif 0rf;omMunfEl;aerdonf/
rsufpdudk tomrSdwfum rSdef;aevdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;[kefESifh csif;csif;wdkYtwGuf pdk;&drfNcif; r&Sdawmhay/ t"duvlNzpfaom rdrdukdyif zcifMuD;u
onf;cHcGifhvTwfcJhNyDNzpf&m &SD;[kefESifh csif;csif;wdkYudkvnf; ta&;,lvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ydkifpkusif xifcJhonf/
rdrd\b0vrf;c&D;onf om,maNzmifhNzL;atmif tvSnfhtaNymif;NzpfvmNyD[kvnf; pOf;pm;um ydkifpkusifrSm
MunfEl;yDwd Nzpfae&onf/

85
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusifonf zcifNzpfol zdydwfum odyfcJhonfhtwdkif; rsufvkH;tpkHudkrSdwfum MunfEl;ESpfodrfhpGmyif
tdyfarmusoGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkHonf ydkifpkusif&Sd&mokdYvmpOfu tm;vkH;udk tNywf&Sif;&efom t"duMuH&G,fxm;onf/
,ck v uf a wG U wG i f r l wrsKd ; wzk H aNymif ; vJ o G m ;onf / rd b onf om;orD ; tay:xm;&S d a om
arwåmapwemoHa,mZOfrsm;onf eufeJodrfarGUqef;Mu,fvSaypGwum;/

86
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (9)
ydkifpkusifxHrS xGufvmcJhNyD;aemuf ydkifusifvkHonf csif;csif;udk tdrfMuD;\tpGefqkH;&Sd tcef;xJodkY
ac:oGm;avonf/
tcef;xJodkYa&mufaomtcg rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh Mudrf;armif; rmefrJavawmhonf/
]]csif;csif; ... eifhudk igu aNrSmufpm;xm;wmudk wm0efrausyGefbl;? wu,fvdkY pkusifu eifhudk
twif;ac:oGm;w,fxm;? a&mufwJhae&muae ighqDudk taMumif;Mum;ygvm;? bmaMumifh taMumif;rMum;bJ
aeae&wmvJ? eifuyg tvdkwl tvdkygeJY ighudk tmcHwmaygh [kwfvm;}}
csif;csif;rSm ydik u
f sifvu
Hk kd tvGeyf ifaMumuf&aom i,faMumufNzpfonf/ ,ck ydik u f sifvu Hk a'gowMuD;rmefrJ
Mudrf;armif;aeaomtcgwGif qkdzG,fr&Sdawmh/
tMuD;tus,faMumufvefYum pum;yif NyefraNymEdkifawmhay/
]]eifhudk vdr®mvSw,fqdkNyD; ighorD;tem;rSm apmifha&SmufMunfh&IzdkY &Ha&Gazmfvkyfcdkif;cJhwm? eifuyg aAGazmufNyD;
ighorD;udk e*g;euf*dkPf;om;eJY awGUqkHatmifvkyfw,fayghav? eifhudk owfypfrS at;rSmyg}}
wu,fawmh ydkifusifvkHonf csif;csif;udk owfNzwf&ef r&nf&G,fay/ pdwfxJwGif MudwfrEdkifcJr&&SdaerIrsm;
yGifhtHum Mudrf;armif;Ncdrf;aNcmufaeNcif;om Nzpfonf/
taMumif;rodaom csif;csif;rSm wu,faNymonfxifrSwfum tvGefyifaMumufvefYae&Smonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif [kd,kqefonf csif;csif;ESifh ykdifusifvkHwdkY&Sdaeonfh tcef;xJodkY 0ifa&mufvmonf/
[kd,kqef\trlt&mrSm ta&;MuD;onfhtoGifrsKd; Nzpfaeonf/
ydkifusifvkHu [kd,kqefudk rsufarSmifMuKwfum MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]bmudpövJ ,kqef}}
]]q&mhudk ta&;MuD;wJhowif; aNymp&m&SdvdkYyg}}
[kd,kqefu r&Jw&J NyefaNzonf/
]][dwf ... wpfa,mufvmcJhprf;}}
ydkifusifvkHu toHus,fus,fESifh ac:vdkuf&m wynfhodkif;orm;wpfa,muf tcef;xJodkY aNy;0ifvmonf/
]]'Daumifrav;udk tNyifcPac:oGm;prf;? NyD;rS olUudkqufar;r,f}}
ydkifusifvkHu trdefYay;vdkuf&m xdkokdif;orm;onf csif;csif;udk taMumydwfum tcef;tNyifokdY
ac:xkwfoGm;onf/
87
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aNym ... bmowif;vJ}}
csif;csif;udk tNyifokdYac:xkwfoGm;NyD;aemuf ydkifusifvkHu [kd,kqefudk ar;onf/
]]apmapmuyJ uRefawmfwdkY&JU taxmufawmfwpfa,muf a&mufvmygw,fq&m}}
]][kwfvm;? 'gqdk&if 'Daumifhudk tckcsufcsif; ighqDac:vmcJh}}
]]&xm;wJh owif;udk qufpkHprf;zdkY csufcsif;yJ NyefvTwfvdkufygNyD? ol&vmwJhowif;udkawmh uRefawmf
tpkHtvif em;axmifxm;vdkufygw,f}}
]]'gqdk&ifvJ aNymprf;? bmowif;xl;vdkYvJ}}
]]ydkifpkusif a[m'Dvl&dkif;awmifukef;rSm &Sdaew,fqdkwJhtaMumif;udk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfuvnf;
owif;&oGm;NyDwJh}}
]][if ...}}
ydkifusifvkHrSm tawmfyif pkd;&drfoGm;onf/
owif;&&So d mG ;aom a&Smifvifoidk ;f orm;rsm;onf vl&ikd ;f awmifuek ;f odYk tcsed rf a&G;a&mufvmMuayawmhrnf/
ydkifpkusifudkawGUoGm;aomf ydkifusifvkHrSm qufrawG;vdkawmh/
NyóemawGtm;vkH; &Iyfukefayawmhrnf/
]]cufawmhwmyJuGm? taNctaeuvnf; aumif;aumif;r&Sif;ao;bl;? pkusifu tqdyfaNzaq;udk
,lcJhwmrSefayr,fh a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;udkawmh ,lcJhwJhykHr&bl;? 'gayr,fh a&Smifvifodkif;orm;awGuawmh
aNzaq;a&m vQKdU0Sufypönf;yg pkusif,loGm;w,fvdkY xifaeMuw,f? aNzaq;udpöu awmif;yefaNz&Sif;&if
NzpfEdkifao;w,f? vQKdU0Sufypönf;uawmh b,fvdkrS aNz&Sif;vdkY &r,frxifbl;}}
]]uRefawmf tMuHwpfckpOf;pm;rdw,f? q&moabmwlYyghrvm;awmh rodbl;}}
]]rif ; [m vl a wmf w pf a ,muf q d k w m igod y gw,f ? rif ; ud k ig,k H w ,f ? rif ; &J U tMuH [ m
taumif;qkH;tMuHNzpfrSmygyJ}}
]]uRefawmfwYkd u pkusifukd e*g;NzLa*[m ta&muftwdtvif; ac:oGm;vdYk rNzpfb;l ? a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu
pkusif 'DrSm ykef;atmif;aewJhtaMumif; odaeNyDqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkYu pkusifudk 'Dae&mu ac:xkwfoGm;wmudkvnf;
odEdkifw,f}}
]][kwfw,f? rif;aNymwmudk igvufcHw,f? 'Dawmh ...}}
]]'gayr,fh e*g;NzLa*[mrSm pkusi&f adS ewmudk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vufy;l vufMuyfrNyEdik &f if tcsed q f NJG yD;
Niif;qdkEdkifygw,f}}
]]tif; ... [kwfw,f}}
]]'gaMumifh pkusifudk wdwfwdwfav;ac:oGm;NyD; e*g;NzLa*[mrSm0Sufxm;&if aumif;r,fvkdY uRefawmf
pOf;pm;rdw,f}}
]]'DvdkvkyfvdkY Nyóemu aNyvnfEdkifrvm;}}
]]Nyóemuawmh csufcsif;aNyvnfoGm;rSm r[kwfygbl;? 'gayr,fh tcktcsdefrSmawmh 'DtpDtpOf[m
taumif;qkH;ygyJ? pkusifudk 0Sufxm;&if; wpfzufuvnf; a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;udk b,folcdk;oGm;w,fqdkwm
vd k u f v H p k H p rf ; axmuf v S r f ; rS m aygh ? vQKd U 0S u f y pö n f ; ck d ; ,l o G m ;wJ h v l u d k pk H p rf ; azmf x k w f N yD ; tyf E S H v d k u f & if
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu auseyfrSmyJ? tqdyfaNzaq;udkvnf; aNymqdkawmif;yefwJhae&mrSm ydktcGifhomr,f}}
[k, d qk efaNymMum;onfrmS tvGeo f ifah vsmfaom tpDtpOfrsm;NzpfaMumif;udk ydik u f sifvHk em;vnfvufco H nf/
[kd,kqefonf ydkifusifvkH\&ifxJwGif cHpm;ae&onfh cHpm;rIESifh tcuftcJudk tuJcwfrdaomaMumifh
,ckvdktMuHay;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
[kd,kqefonf ydkifpkusifESifh taMumif;uH rqkHpnf;&aomfvnf; rnfokdYrQ oabmrxm;bJ ydkifpkusiftwGuf
tMuHOmPfaumif;rsm;yif pOf;pm;ay;aomaMumifh ydkifusifvkHrsm [kd,kqef\ pdwfoabmxm;MuD;ykHukd usdwfí
csD;rGrf;rdonf/
]]aumif;NyD? rif;aNymwJhtMuHudk igoabmusw,f? wpfckyJ ar;csifw,f? pkusifudk b,fae&mrSmoGm;NyD;
0Sufxm;rvJ}}
88
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]e*g;NzLa*[m&JU aNratmufcHwGif;vdkPf*lxJrSm 0Sufxm;&if b,folrS rodEdkifygbl;q&m}}
]]aNratmuf e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*l[m igwdkY e*g;NzLa*[m&JU txl;oD;oefYae&mNzpfw,f? igukd,fwdkifawmif
taMumif;xl; wpfpkHwpf&mr&SdbJ e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lxJ 0ifcGifhr&Sdbl;}}
]]'gaMumifhvnf; uRefawmfhtMuHudk q&moabmwlyghrvm;vdkY uRefawmf pum;cHxm;cJhwmaygh q&m}}
]]at;av ... rif;aNymovdkyJ vkyf&awmhrSmaygh? csif;csif;eJY [kduav;twGufaum ...}}
]]'gudkvnf; uRefawmf pOf;pm;xm;ygw,fq&m}}
xdkYaemuf ydkifusifvkHESifh [kd,kqefwdkYonf wD;wkd;wD;wkd;Nzifh qufvuf aNymqdkwdkifyifMuavawmhonf/
ntawmfeufaeayNyD/
v0ifoGm;NyDNzpf\/ Nymaom aumif;uifxufwGif Mu,frsm;om rSdwfwkwfrSdwfwkwfESifh vif;vufae\/
csif ; csif ; onf xef c sD q d k i f ; wd k Y ,cif u tcsKyf c ef ; tNzpf tok H ; NyKcJ h a om vd k P f * l x J w G i f
csKyfaESmifxm;Ncif;cHae&onf/
rdr\ d b0Zmwford ;f &awmhrnf[k awG;um csif;csif;onf pdwyf sufvufysufyif aNrNyifwiG f cyfauG;auG;av;
vJavsmif;aeonf/
]]csif;csif;}}
cyftkyftkyf ac:vdkufaomtoHaMumifh pdwfysuftm;avsmhpGm vJavsmif;aeaom csif;csif;rSm vefYoGm;NyD;
aigufceJxxdkifonf/
csif;csif;\ &ifrSm wxdwfxdwfckefaeonf/
vludk rNrif&bJ toHudkom Mum;&aomfvnf; xdktoHonf rnfol\toHNzpfonfudk csif;csif;
aumif;aumif;yif usufrdonf/
]]a[h ... csif;csif;}}
ac:oHu cyftkyftkyf ay:vmonf/
]]&Sif ...}}
'DwcgwGifawmh csif;csif;onf toHtkyftkyfESifh Nyefxl;onf/
vl&dyfoP²mefwpfck? tcsKyfcef;wHcg;em;okdY &dyfceJcsOf;uyfvmonf/ xdkYaemuf tcsKyfcef;wHcg;udk
toHrNrnfatmif zGifhonf/
]]tpfudkav;,kqef ... [kd ...}}
csif;csif;u pum;pvdkufonf/
tcsKyfcef;wHcg;udk zGifhay;&if; [kd,kqefu csif;csif;pum;udk Nzwfum ...
]]pum;odyfaNymraeeJYawmh? tcsdefr&Sdbl;? NrefNrefxGuf? awmfMum q&m&dyfrdoGm;&if igyg'ku©a&mufvdrfhr,f}}
csif;csif;onf bmrQraNymawmhbJ tusOf;cef;tNyifbufokdY tNrefqkH;xGufvdkufonf/
[kd,kqefu tESD;Nzifh axG;ydkufxm;aom uav;i,fESifh txkyfwpfxkyfudk csif;csif;vufxJodkY xnfhonf/
]]a&mh ... 'Duav;udk eifac:oGm;NyD; a0;&mudk aNy;ayawmh? vloluif;wJh t&yfrSmae? uav;udk
NyKpkapmifha&Smuf? txkyfxJrSm a&TNym;tcsyf wpf&mygw,f? uJ ... uJ NrefNrefoGm;}}
[kdk,kqefonf csif;csif;udk ar;Nref;aNymqdk&efyif tcsdefray;bJ twif;avmaqmfaeonf/
csif;csif;onf taNctae ta&;MuD;rnf[k awG;rdaomaMumifh bmrQar;Nref;raeawmhbJ uav;i,fuakd yGUum
txkyfudkvG,fNyD; taNy;yifxGufoGm;onf/
csif ; csif ; ES i f h [k d , k q ef w d k Y wD ; wk d ; pum;aNymqd k c J h M uonf h tcsKyf c ef ; \ rvS r f ; rurf ; wG i f
opfyifMuD;wpfyif&Sdonf/ opfyifMuD;\ tudkif;tcufrsm;xlxyfNyD; t&Gufrsm;uvnf; odyfonf;vSonf/
rvufwvuf awmufyaeaom Mu,fa&mifrsm;onf opfyifMuD;\ xlxyfodyfonf;vSaom opf&Gufrsm;udk
xdk;azmufNcif;rNyKEdkif/
opfyifMuD;\atmufwGif tarSmifxku odyfonf;íaeonf/
xdo k yd o
f nf;vSaom tarSmifxu k kd rsufu, G af umif;tNzpf tok;H csum vlwpfa,mufonf opfyifatmifwiG f
&yfvsuf&Sdaeonf/
89
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
opfyifMuD;atmufwGif vlwpfa,muf&Sdaeonfudk csif;csif;rod/
þokdY&Sdaeonfudkom csif;csif;od&vQif xdwfvefUaMumuf&GHUaompdwfNzifh owdyifvpfoGm;Edkifavmufonf/
opfyifMuD;atmufwGif &yfaeolrSm ydkifusifvkHyifNzpfonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf wnfNidrfpGm&yfaeonf/ vlu NidrfNidrf&yfaeaomfvnf; pdwfxJwGifrl woufwmwGif
rMuKHzl;ao;aom aqG;NrnfhaMuuGJNcif;a0'emudk cHpm;ae&onf/
pdwf"mwfcdkifrmvSygonf[kqdkaom ydkifusifvkH\rsufvkH;rsm;wGif rsuf&nfwdkY &pf0dkif;aeonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf rsuf&nf0dkif;aom rsufvkH;rsm;ESifh uav;i,fudkayGUcsDum aNy;xGufoGm;onfh csif;csif;tm;
ai;armMunfhaeonf/
]]tckvdkrsKd; NzpfysufcJh&wJhtwGuf bkd;bdk;pdwfraumif;ygbl; aNr;av;&,f? rif;&JUarar touf&SnfNyD;
tEÅ&m,fuif;uif;aeEdkifatmif bdk;bdk;wdkY e*g;NzLa*[m&JU *kPfodu©mrxdcdkufapzdkYtwGuf&,f &ifeifheifheJY
vkyfcJh&wmyg? bdk;bdk;udk cGifhvTwfyg ighaNr;&,f? rif;&JU b0aNzmifhNzL;ygapuG,f}}
ydkifusifvkH\pdwfxJrS usdwfum wukd,fwnf; a&&GwfaNymqdkaerdonf/
xd k o k d Y a&&G w f r d a om pum;vk H ; wpf v k H ; wd k i f ; onf rd r d \ &if u d k xd k ; qG o nf h tyf w pf a csmif ; vd k
ydkifusifvkHcHpm;&onf/
uav;udkayGUum aNy;xGufoGm;aom csif;csif;onf ydkifusifvkH\ NrifuGif;rS aysmufoGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkH idkifidkifMuD; &yfaeqJ/
xdktcsdefwGif ydkifusifvkHteD;odkY [kd,kqef a&mufvmavonf/
]]q&m ... tm;vkH; tpDtpOftwdkif; vkyfNyD;NyD? uRefawmfwdkY oGm;MuygpkdY}}
[kd,kqefu aNymonf/
ydkifusifvkHu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; [kd,kqefESifhtwl &dyfceJyif aNy;xGufoGm;Muonf/
ntarSmifwGif vl&dkif;awmifukef;onf toufuif;rJhoGm;onfhtvm; NidrfoufpGm usefaecJhonf/

-----------------------------------------------------------

aemuf w pf a eY w G i f a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf r S vuf a &G ; pif o k d i f ; orm;wpf p k vl & d k i f ; awmif u k e f ; od k Y
a&mufvmMuonf/
olwkdYonf xefcsDqdkif;wkdYxHrS bmowif;udkrQ pkHprf;ír&cJhMuay/
ydkifusifvkHwdkYu xefcsDqdkif;wdkYvlpkudk owdvpfarhaNrmaeatmif tvsifOD;pGm taMumydwfypfNyD;rS
ydkifpkusifwdkYxHodkY oGm;a&mufvIyf&Sm;cJhMuonfhtwGuf xefcsDqdkif;wdkYvlpkrSm olwdkY\ vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif
rnfodkYrnfykHNzpfysufcJhonfudk rodMuay/
taMumydwfcH&NyD; wpfnvkH; owdvpfarhaNrmae&m Nyefvnfowd&vmaomtcgwGif ta&SUyifv,f
a>ruRef;&SifMuD;wdkYvlpk vl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif r&SdawmhbJ aysmufuG,faeonfudkom awGUMu&avonf/
ta&SUyifv,f a>ruRef;&SifMuD;wkdYvlpkonf þvl&dkif;awmifukef;wGif qufvufraevdkMuonfhtwGuf
rd r d w d k Y ud k taMumyd w f u m owd a rh a tmif v k y f N yD ; xG u f c G m oG m ;Mu[ef w l a Mumif ; om wG u f q aeonf /
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef aeae&if;rS &kwfw&uf aysmufuG,foGm;onfudkvnf; odkYavmodkYavm awG;awmaecJhMu&onf/
xefcsDqdkif;wdkYrSm ydkifpkusifwdkY\ trnfrSefrsm;udkyif rodMuonfhtwGuf a&Smifvifokdif;orm;rsm;taeNzifh
xefcsDqdkif;wdkYxHrS rnfonfhoJvGefpudkrQ r&cJhay/
ZmwfNrSKyfum ykef;atmif;onfhae&mudk rdrdwdkYodoGm;aMumif; ydkifpkusifwdkYu &dyfrdonfhtwGuf t&ifOD;atmif
aNc&mazsmufum aNy;xGufoGm;Ncif;Nzpfrnf [líom a&Smifvifokdif;orm;rsm;u awG;awm ,lqMuavawmhonf/
[kd,kqef\tMuHonf avmavmq,fwGifawmh ydkifpkusifudk ab;uif;oGm;apcJhonf/

90
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (10)
csif ; csif ; onf yd k i f p k u sif \ &if a oG ; av;ud k ayG U csD u m vl & d k i f ; awmif u k e f ; rS a eí aNcOD ; wnf h & mod k Y
xGufaNy;vmcJhonf/
Mu,frNrif vray: arSmifrdkufonfhntcsdefwGif csif;csif;vdk tysKdav;wpfa,muftzdkY arG;uif;p
uav;i,fav;udk csDumxGufaNy;&onfrSm vG,fonfhudprö [kwfay/ uav;idkonfhtcgwGif csif;csif;rSm tvGefyif
pdwf'ku©a&muf&onf/
]]ridkygeJY om;av;&,f? om;av;idk&if a':av;wdkY aumif;aumif;ab;awGUvdrfhr,f? [kdvlawGu om;av;&JU
idkoHMum;NyD; a':av;wdkYaemufudk vkdufvmMurSmuG,fh? wdwfaemf? wdwfwdwf}}
csif;csif;onf uav;i,fudk tidkwdwfatmif acsmh&&Smonf/
uav;i,fonf csif;csif;aNymonfudk bmrQrod/ idk&wmarmvGef;í tidkwdwfum tdyfaysmfoGm;cJhonf/
okdYaomf rMumrDyif tdyf&mrS Edk;vmNyef\/ EdkYqmaomaMumifh wpmpm idkaMuG;Nyefonf/
b,fvdkrS acsmhr&bJ csif;csif;rSm tusyfawGUaeonf/
uav;i,fudk acsmharmh&if; aNy;vmcJh&m &Gmi,fav;wpf&GmokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
pum;aNymaumif;aom csif;csif;onf vkyfZmwfwpfckudk MuHzefaNymqdkum &Gmom;rdom;pkrsm;\ tultnDudk
&,lEdkifcJhonf/ uav;i,fudkvnf; EGm;EdkYwdkufauR;ay;EdkifcJhonf/
&dk;om;aom &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;onf csif;csif;ESifh uav;i,fwdkYtwGuf vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;udk
tm;wufoa&myif ay;Muonf/
xd k & G m wG i f acwå t em;,l N yD ; aemuf csif ; csif ; onf c&D ; quf c J h N yef o nf / c&D ; quf & mwG i f
rdrdudkaemufa,mifcHvdkufolrsm; &Sdygu a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&ef aeYbufwGif tem;,lNyD; nbufwGifom c&D;oGm;onf/
,ckvkd rdru d dk uav;i,fEiS t hf wl xGuaf Ny;apNcif;onf ydik u f siv
f \
Hk vQKUd 0Sut f pDtpOfNzpfaMumif; r&dyrf ad om
csif ; csif ; onf rd r d \ aemuf o d k Y yd k i f u sif v k H \ wynf h od k i f ; orm;rsm; vd k u f v H p k H p rf ; &S m azG r nf [ k xif u m
tvGefpkd;&drfylyefaeonf/
pdk;&drfylyefpGmESifh c&D;Nyif; ESifae&aomaMumifh csif;csif;rSm pdwfa&mvlyg txl;yif EGrf;e,fyifyef;ae&Smonf/
rnfrQyif yifyifyef;yef;? rnfrQyif EGrf;e,fEGrf;e,f csif;csif;onf tm;wif;um c&D;Nyif;udk qufESifaeonf/
91
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rd r d t vG e f c spf N rwf E d k ; &aom rrav;yd k i f p k u sif \ &if a oG ; i,f t ouf & S i f a &;onf rd r d t ay:wG i f
vkH;vkH;wm0efusaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
rdrdtoufESifhvJí uav;i,f\ touf&Sifa&;? tEÅ&m,fuif;a&;udk t"duvkyfaqmifay;rnf[kvnf;
csif;csif;u qkH;Nzwfxm;onf/
pdwfa&mudk,fyg yifyef;pGm c&D;Nyif;ESifcJh&onfh 'Pfudk csif;csif;\ udk,fcE¨mu rcHEdkif/
csif;csif;rSm yef;zsm; zsm;ygavawmhonf/
csif;csif;onf rdrdukd,f rdrdzsm;aerSef;odygvsufESifhyif tem;r,lbJ c&D;udk qufíESifonf/
þokdYNzifh rxifrSwfaom Mur®mqkd;ESifh &ifqkdif&avawmhonf/

-------------------------------------------------------

vrdkufnNzpfonf/
aumif ; uif w G i f Mu,f a &mif r sm;vif ; vuf a eaomf v nf ; csif ; csif ; c&D ; ES i f a eonf h a e&mrS m
awmtkyfxJwGifNzpfaomaMumifh Mu,frsm;\tvif;a&mifu xdk;azmufrvm/
tarSmifxJwGif vrf;oGm;ae&ovdkrsKd; Nzpfaeonf/
csif;csif;twGuf uHqkd;onfhtaMumif;wpfckrSm arSmifrdkufaom awmvrf;twdkif; c&D;ESifaeckduf
tzsm;wufvmNcif;yif Nzpfonf/
csif;csif;\wpfukd,fvkH; rD;uifxm;ovdk ylaeonf/ rsufvkH;rsm;uvnf; usdrf;pyf&Da0aeonf/
touf&IvdkYvnf;raumif;/ &ifxJwGif wif;usyfvsuf&Sdonf/ avQmufvSrf;aeaom aNcvSrf;rsm;rSm rrSefbJ
',D;',dkif Nzpfvmonf/
uav;i,fukd t0wfpNzifh pvG,fodkif;om ausmydk;xm;aomaMumifhom awmfawmhonf/ r[kwfvQif
uav;i,frSm aNrMuD;ay: vGwfusoGm;ayrnf/
csif;csif;onf vlae&yf&Gmwpfckck awGUvdkawGUnm;[laom arQmfvifhcsufNzifh tzsm;wufonfh'Pfudk
MudwfrSdwfcH&if; qufvufavQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
csif;csif; a&mufaeonfhae&mrSm awmtkyfxJwGifNzpf&m vlae&yf&GmESifh tvSrf;a0;vSonf/ ulnDrnfholvnf;
uif;rJhaeonf/
aemufqkH;wGif csif;csif;rSm b,fvkdrS rwwfEdkifawmhonfhtwGuf acwåtem;,l&ef qkH;Nzwfvdkuf&onf/
vG,fydk;xm;aom uav;i,fudk tomaz;rum &ifcGifxJwGifayGUydkufNyD; opfyifwpfyifaNc&if;wGif
xdkifcsvdkufonf/
yifpnfudk tomausmrSDum xkdifí tem;,lvdkufonf/
pdwfa&mudk,fyg yifyef;EGrf;e,faeonfhtNyif tzsm;uvnf;wufaeaomaMumifh opfyifudkausmrSDum
xdkifvdkufonfESifh csif;csif;rSm owdvpfum arhaNrmoGm;avawmhonf/
nuarSmifarSmif? Mu,fa&mifu rIefysys? tvif;a&mif tm;enf;vSaom awmtkyfxJwGif csif;csif;onf
rnfrQMumatmif arhaNrmoGm;cJhonfrod/
olr Nyefvnfowd&vmaomtcgwGif wpfukd,fvkH; acR;ap;rsm;Nzifhpdkum ylovdkat;ovdk Nzpfaeonfudkom
od&onf/
xdkYNyif ...
olr\&ifcGifxJwGif axG;ydkufxm;cJhaom uav;i,frSmvnf; r&Sdawmhay/
]][,f ... om; b,fudka&mufoGm;NyDvJ? b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ}}
csif;csif;onf tvefYwMum;yif a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
owd a rh a NrmoG m ;onf h t csd e f tck d u f t wef Y wG i f uav;i,f aysmuf q k H ; oG m ;NyD / csif ; csif ; rS m
OD;acgif;xdyfa>raygufcH&ovdk tMuD;tus,f wkefvIyfoGm;onf/

92
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
uav;i,faysmufoGm;ykHrSm qef;vSonf/ vlolreD;aom awmMuD;xJwGif &ifcGifxJayGUxm;&mrS
aysmufoGm;onf/
&uf o m;t&G , f o m&S d a o;aom uav;i,f o nf ol Y bmomol xG u f o G m ;Ed k i f r nf r [k w f /
rdrdowdvpfarhaNrmaeckduf ayGUxm;&mrS vufvGwfusoGm;Ncif;omNzpf&rnf[k csif;csif; pOf;pm;rdvdkufonf/
þodkYpOf;pm;rdonfwGif pkd;&drfrI tenf;i,f avsmhoGm;avonf/
csif;csif;onf rdrdausmrSDxdkifcJhonfh opfyifMuD;\teD;0ef;usifwGif vdkufvH&SmazGonf/ tvif;a&mif
tm;enf;vSonfhtNyif opf&Gufrsm;? aygif;yifEG,fyifrsm;? csKHykwfrsm; xlxyfvSaomaMumifh &Sm&onfrSm
rvG,fulvSay/
odkYaomf csif;csif; tm;wif;um vdkuf&Smonf/
rnfrQyif MudK;pm;&SmazGaomfvnf; uav;i,fudkrl rawGU&awmhay/
csif;csif;onf i,f&G,faom tysKdav;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ rrav;ydkifpkusif\ &ifaoG;av;udk
ab;tEÅ&m,frS uif;a0;&modkY oufpGefYMudK;yrf; aNy;vTm;ac:aqmifvmcJhonf/ wwforQrSwfrdorQNzifh
tpGrf;ukefNyKpkonf/
0rf ; ES i f h v G , f r arG ; &aomf v nf ; uav;i,f u d k rd r d \ aoG ; om;&if ; wpf a ,muf v d k y if oH a ,mZOf
NidwG,faeNyD;om;/
,ckawmh ...
rdrdtoufwrQ cspfaom uav;i,frSm &kwfw&uf xl;qef;pGm aysmufqkH;oGm;avNyD/ csif;csif;tzdkY
tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ pkd;&drfpdwfrsm; ydkrdkrsm;Nym;vm&onf/
'D v d k a wmeuf x J w G i f vl M uD ; rsm;tzk d Y yif tEÅ & m,f a wG r sm;Nym;vS o nf / &uf o m;t&G , f
uav;i,fwpfa,muftwGufqdkygrl aNymzG,f&mr&Sdawmh/
tcsdefrDom &SmrawGYygu .../
csif;csif;rSm qufíyif rawG;0Hh/
þuav;i,f\zcif &SD;[kef aoqkH;oGm;cJhonfudk csif;csif;udk,fwdkif rsufNrifudk,fawGUNzpfonf/ xdkYNyif
rdcifydkifpkusifvnf; aoqkH;oGm;NyD[k csif;csif; ,kHMunfaeonf/
rdrJhzrJh wpfaumifMuGuf uav;i,fudk Munfh&Iapmifha&Smuf&efrSm rdrd\wm0efNzpfonf[k csif;csif;
cH,lxm;onf/
rdrdudk,fwdkif 0rf;ESifhvG,fum rarG;&aomfvnf; olYpdwfxJwGif xdkuav;i,fudk rdrd\&ifaoG;
om;t&if;wpfa,mufvdkyif oabmxm;onf/ oHa,mZOfwG,faerdonf/ cspfcifaerdonf/
uav;i,f u d k ab;uif ; &mok d Y ta&muf a c:aqmif o G m ;NyD ; xG e f ; awmuf a usmf M um;onf h
odkif;orm;aumif;wpfa,mufNzpfvmatmif NyKpkysKd;axmifay;&efvnf; tm;cJxm;cJhonf/
pdwfxdckdufvIyf&Sm;vGef;aomaMumifh &l;vkrwwfyif Nzpfae&avNyD/
]]om; ... om;av;a&? om;av;a& b,fudka&mufaewmvJuG,f? a':av;ac:wmudk Mum;&JUvm;}}
csif;csif;u ikdoHygMuD;ESifh waMumfaMumf atmfac:aeonf/
atmfac:&if;vnf; idk&Idufae&Smonf/
pkd;&drfpdwf vGefuJaeaom csif;csif;rSm pdwfua,mifacsmufcsm;yif Nzpfvmonf/ &ufom;t&G,f
uav;i,ftaeNzifh rdrdatmfac:oHudk Mum;EdkifrMum;Edkif? odEdkifrodEdkifyif pOf;pm;qifNcif;EdkifpGrf; r&Sdawmh/
EIwfrS atmfac:&if; xdkae&mteD;w0dkufudk xyfNyefwvJvJ &SmNyD;&if; xyf&Smaerdavonf/
b,fvdk&Sm&Sm uav;i,fum; aysmfucsufom;aumif;vSonf/
csif;csif;onf pdwfysuftm;avsmhpGm idkaMuG;rdonf/
]]avmuMuD;[m awmfawmfrw&m;wmyJ? 0rf;enf;aMuuGJp&m trsm;MuD;Mum;u &kef;uefvlNzpf&wJh
uav;i,fukd 'Davmuf'u k a© y;&&if awmfa&maygh? olYcrsm rdbeJY&iS u
f JG uG&J vdYk iguNyKpkapmifah &Smufay;xm;vdu k &f wm?
tckawmh ighvufxJu &kwfw&ufaysmufoGm;NyD? om;av;&,f ... b,fudka&mufaewmvJuG,f? a':av;qDudk
NyefvmcJhyg? rrav;eJY tpfukd&SD;[kefwdkYa& ... csif;csif;&JU'ku©udk MunfhvSnfhMuygOD;}}
93
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;onf idkaMuG;&if; yg;pyfrSvnf; wwGwfwGwf a&&Gwfae&Smonf/ pdwfxJwGif tMuD;tus,f
cHpm;vIyf&Sm;aeonfrdkY pum;wkdYuvnf; rrSefawmh/
rMumrDyif a&mifeDysKdUum rdk;vif;vmonf/
tvif;a&miftm;aumif;onfhtwGuf atmfidkxm;oNzifh qHyifrsm; &IyfyGaeaom csif;csif;\toGiftNyifonf
&kwfw&ufMunfhvQif t&l;rwpfa,muf[kyif xifa,mifxifrSm; NzpfEdkifavmufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif csif;csif; t&l;rD;0dkif;ovdk Nzpfae&modkY xif;ckwform;wpfa,muf a&mufvmonf/
xif;ckwform;onf csif;csif;udk &kwfw&ufNrifvdkuf&í t&l;rwpfa,muf[kxifNyD; vefYzsyfoGm;onf/
tem;odkY ruyf&JbJ cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS rodrom tuJcwfMunfhaeonf/
udk,fhtylESifhudk,fNzpfaom csif;csif;rSm ywf0ef;usifudk owdrrlEdkif/ xif;ckwform;a&muf&Sdaeonfudkvnf;
roday/
uav;udkom qufí&SmazGaeonf/
]]'kuq © w
kd m wpfcw k nf;rvmbJ tvk;H t&if;eJYvmw,fqw kd hJ pum;vkt d NzpfrsK;d igvufawGUMuKHae&NyD? igwkYd rmS
'ku©awGwpfckNyD;wpfck qufwkduf &ifqdkifae&awmhwmyJ? wu,fvdkY om;av;udkrS awGUatmifr&SmEdkif&if igvnf;
quftouf&Sif raecsifawmhbl;? ighudk,fig owfaovdkufawmhr,f? 'grS tm;vkH;at;r,f}}
csif;csif;onf pdwfxif&mavQmufawG;um EIwfrSvnf; wwGwfwGwfa&&GwfaNymqdkaeonf/
cyf v S r f ; vS r f ; rS M unf h a eaom xif ; ck w f o rm;onf csif ; csif ; ud k t&l ; rwpf a ,muf r [k w f r S e f ;
tuJcwfrdaomaMumifh tem;odkYcsOf;uyfvmonf/
]]rdef;uav; ... bmaMumifh 'Dae&mrSm wpfa,mufwnf; idkaMuG;ae&wmvJ}}
xif;ckwform;u csif;csif;udk ar;onf/
wpfa,mufwnf; ylaqG;'ku©a&mufaecsdefwGif pmempGmar;Nref;vmolwpfa,muf a&muf&SdvmonfhtwGuf
csif;csif;rSmtawmfyif tm;wufrdonf/
]]uRefr&JU uav;aysmufoGm;vkdYyg? ulnDEdkif&if ulnDygOD;&Sif? c&D;oGm;&if; uRefrtzsm;wufvmvdkY 'DrSmyJ
owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;ygw,f? owd&vmwJhtcgrSm uav;aysmufaeygw,f? &ufom;av;yJ &Sdygao;w,f&Sif?
uRefrvnf; 'Dae&mwpf0kdufrSm a'gif;awmufatmif vdkuf&Smygao;w,f? b,frSmrS &SmvdkYrawGUygbl;&Sif}}
a&epfolonf aumuf&dk;wpfrQifudk tm;udk;wMuD;qGJbdouJhokdY csif;csif;uvnf; xif;ckwform;udk
tm;udk;wMuD; aNymqdktultnDawmif;&Smonf/
csif ; csif ; \pum;rsm;ud k Mum;&onf h t cgwG i f xif ; ck w f o rm;\pd w f x J ü xd k a e&m0ef ; usif w G i f
usufpm;aomif;usef;aeaom 0HykavGrsm;taMumif; pOf;pm;rdonf/
uav;i,f u d k 0H y k a vG r sm;qG J o G m ;aumif ; qG J o G m ;Ed k i f a Mumif ; awG ; rd a omf v nf ; xk d t aMumif ; ud k
xkwfazmfraNymbJ ESpfodrhfpum;om qdkvdkufonf/
]]wwfEdkifoavmuf ulnD&wmayghav? 'Dvdkvkyfygvm;? usKyftckyJ &GmudkNyefNyD; &Gmom;awGudk pkac:cJhr,f?
vltkyfrsm;rsm;eJY 0dkif;&Sm&if awGUEdkifwmaygh}}
]]aus;Zl;ygyJ&Sif? aus;Zl;ygyJ? uRefrawmh acgif;rD;awmufaevdkY bmvkyf&rSef; rodawmhygbl;&Sif}}
csif;csif;u aus;Zl;wifpGm NyefaNymonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if rdef;uav; 'Dae&muyJ apmifhaeyg? usKyf&GmudkNyef vlpkNyD; csufcsif;vmcJhr,f}}
]][kwfuJh ... [kwfuJh? uRefrapmifhaeyghr,f}}
xif;ckwo f rm;onf csi;f csi;f udk pdwrf aumif;onft h MunfNh zifh wpfcsuMf unfNh yD; cyfow k o f wk xf uG of mG ;onf/
pkd;&drfpdwftNyif zsm;vnf;zsm;aeaom csif;csif;onf xkdtMunfhudk owdrNyKrday/
csif;csif;rSm ulnDrnfholay:vmaomaMumifh tawmfyiftm;wufoGm;onf/ uav;i,fudk&SmawGU&ef
arQmfvifhcsuf &Sdvmonf[kvnf;awG;um pdwftawmftoifh oufom&m&oGm;av\/
rMumrDrSmyif vloHrsm;Mum;&\/ wkwf"m;rsm;udk,fpDudkifaqmifxm;Muonfh vlwpfpk a&mufvmonf/
xdkvlpkudk apmapmu csif;csif;ESifhqHkawGYcJhonfh xif;ckwform;u acgif;aqmifvmonf/

94
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkxif;ckwform;u tusKd;taMumif; MuKdwifaNymNyxm;onfhtwGuf csif;csif;rSm xyfrHí &Snf&Snfa0;a0;
aNymraeawmhay/
tusKd;taMumif; tenf;i,faNymNyNyD;aemuf awmtkyfxJwGif vlpkvla0;ESifh vdkufvH&SmazGMuonf/
awmeufydkif;wpfae&m&Sd ausmuf*lMuD;wpfckxJwGif 0HykavGrsm; ckdatmif;aeonfudk awGU&aomaMumifh
NimoHay;um atmf[pfaNcmufvSefYMuonf/
ausmuf * l x J r S 0 H y k a vG r sm; wpf a umif N yD ; wpf a umif xG u f v mMu\/ vl r sm;u wk w f " m;wk d Y Nzif h
aNcmufvSefYarmif;xkwfypfMuonf/
*l x J & S d 0H y k a vG r sm; uk e f o G m ;aomtcgwG i f r S rD ; wk w f r D ; pnf ; rsm; xG e f ; nS d u m *l x J o k d Y 0 if a &muf
Munfh&IMuavonf/
ausmuf*lxJwGif 0HykavGrsm; vwfwavm pm;aomufxm;NyD; usefaeonfht&dk;rsm;udk awGU&onf/
]]tr,fav; ... uav;udk 0HykavGawG udkufowfpm;aomufvdkufNyDukd;? cufNyD ... cufNyD? NzpfrSNzpf&av
om;av;&,f}}
csif;csif;onf 0rf;enf;yef;enf;yif atmf[pfikdaMuG;vdkuf\/ idkaMuG;&if;rS owdvpfoGm;avawmh\/
&Gmom;rsm;onf csif;csif;twGuf pdwfraumif;NzpfMu&onf/ olwdkYonf owdvpfaeaom csif;csif;udk
0dkif;0ef;NyKpkNyD; &GmokdY ac:oGm;Muonf/
pd w f a &mud k , f y g twd k i f ; rod a tmif yif y ef ; EG r f ; e,f N yD ; tzsm;vnf ; 0if a eaom csif ; csif ; rS m
b,fvdkrSrcHEdkifawmhbJ tMuD;tus,f zsm;avawmhonf/
pdwfapwemaumif;vSaom &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u csif;csif;udk ulnDapmifha&SmufMuonf/
&GmolMuD;tbdk;MuD;&Sefu csif;csif;udk tdrfwGifac:xm;onf/ tbdk;MuD;&Sef\ wli,fNzpfol a&Sm0Sm;u
csif;csif;udk teD;uyfNyKpkay;onf/
csif;csif;onf wpfvMumrQ tdyf&mxJ vJaecJhNyD;rS Nyefvnfusef;rmvmonf/ usef;rmvmNyD;aemuf
e*dkaetwdkif; tm;tifrsm; Nyefvnf Nynfh0vm&eftwGuf xdk&GmwGif aemufxyfwpfvMumrQ xyfrHtem;,lae&onf/
usef;rmí tiftm;rsm; Nynfh0vmaomtcg csif;csif;onf xdk&GmrSxGufcGm&ef Nyifqifavawmhonf/
csif;csif;onf &yf&GmtusKd;NyKvkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&eftwGuf &GmolMuD; tbdk;MuD;&SefxHwGif a&TNym;q,fcsyf
vª'gef;onf/ xdkYaemuf a&Sm0Sm;tygt0if &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk EIwfqufum &GmrS xGufvmcJhonf/
&GmrS aeY0ufc&D;uGma0;aom uGrfeefNrdKUodkY aNcusifc&D;vmcJhonf/
uGrfeefNrdKUodkYa&mufrS Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD;iSm;um c&D;qufonf/
c&D;omqufvmcJh&onf/ csif;csif;rSm b,fae&m b,fpcef;odkY oGm;&rSef;roday/
csif;csif;tzdkY ra&&maom b0vrf;c&D;wGif wpfukd,fwnf; avQmufvSrf;&ayOD;awmhrnf/

----------------------------------------------------------

tcsdefonf wNznf;Nznf; ukefvGefvmcJhonf/


aeYNyD;vQif na&mufonf/ nukefqkH;Nyefaomf aeYopfwpfck wpfzef Nzpfay:vmNyefonf/
&ufwkdYonf vrsm;Nzpfum vrsm;u ESpfNzpfvmavonf/
wpfESpfNyD;wpfESpf tcsdefukefvGefoGm;&m q,fESpfwmumvyif &SnfMumcJhayNyD/

95
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (11)
uGrfeefNrdKUonf uGrfwkefNynfe,fwGif wnf&Sdonf/ om;a&trsKd;rsKd;ESifh aq;yifaq;Nrpfrsm; trsm;qkH;
a&mif;0,fazmufum;onfh ae&mvnf;Nzpfonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf uGrfeefNrdKU\xif&Sm;aom aNrydkif&Sif olaX;MuD;wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
&S i f ; wmh c sef a exd k i f & m td r f a *[monf MuD ; rm;us,f 0 ef ; vS o nf / a>c&H o if ; yif ; rsm; tygt0if
vlaygif;wpf&mausmf acsmifacsmifcsdcsd aexdkifEdkifonf/
toufig;q,ft&G,f&Sd &Sif;wmhcsefonf pnf;pdrf,pfrl;olwpfa,mufNzpfonf/ w&m;0ifZeD;r,m;
ig;a,muf&Sdonf/
ti,fqkH;ZeD;av; 0rf;csdefYzdefonf toufESpfq,fhig;ESpfrQom &Sdao;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ tdrfa*[mwGif aMu;pm;odkif;orm;okH;q,fudkvnf; vufoyfarG;íxm;onf/
xdkYNyif rdrd\ol&if;iSm;tcsKdUudk tdrfa*[mwGif vufwdkvufawmif;cdkif;ap&ef ac:,lxm;ao;onf/ xdkodkY
ac:,lxm;onfh ol&if;iSm;rsm;wGif viftdwdk;vnf; yg0ifonf/ toufq,fESpfom;t&G,f&Sd vifxifcsdwfonf
viftdwkd;ESifh twlaexdkifonf/
vifxifcsdwfqdkaomtrnf\ t"dyÜm,frSm bk&m;uay;aom viftrsKd;tEG,f[lí Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf rsufvkH;0dkif;0dkif;? ESmwHay:ay:ESifh &kyf&nfrGef&nf oefY&Sif;onf/ toufi,faomfvnf;
odwwfonf/ pum;udk rsm;rsm;raNym/ cyfwnfwnf cyfrSefrSefaewwfonf/
uRef0,f&mwGif tqpfygqdkouJhokdY viftdwdk;udk tdrfa*[mwGif ac:,lcdkif;apaomtcg twlaeol
vifxifcsdwfvnf; tvdkvdkyif tdrfa*[m\tvkyfrsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&avawmhonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ t"dutvkyfrSm 0rf;csdefYzdef\ a0,sm0pörsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&efNzpfonf/
96
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
apcdkif;orQudk ckduwfNcif;r&SdbJ pdwfygvufyg wm0efausyGefpGm vkyfaqmifay;wwfaom vifxifcsdwfudk
0rf;csdefYzdefu txl;yifoabmus\/ vifxifcsdwf\ tcuftcJ&SdvQif apmifhrMunfh&Iavh&Sdonf/
0rf;csdeYf zed o
f nf csrf;omMuG,0f aom rsKd;&d;k rSaygufzmG ;vmol r[kwaf y/ &Si;f wmhcsef\ ol&if;iSm; 0rf;tm;csD\
orD;Nzpfonf/
0rf;tm;csDonf &Sif;wmhcsefxHrS twkd;MuD;ESifh aiGacs;,lcJh\/ acs;aiGudk Nyefray;qyfEdkifonfhtwGuf
&Sif;wmhcsefu 0rf;tm;csD\orD;udk odrf;,lvkdufonf/
aNr&SifwdkYMuD;pkd;&m ordkif;wpfacwfwGif 'DvdkaMuuGJzG,f&m tNzpfrsKd; trsm;tNym;yif ay:aygufcJhonf/
v,form;rdom;pkrS aygufzGm;vmcJhaom 0rf;csdefYzdefonf vifxifcsdwftm; b0wlwpfa,muftNzpf
pmemonf/ armifi,fwpfa,mufvdk oabmxm;um cspfcifonf/
xdkokdY 0rf;csdefYzdefu rsufESmomay;rIudk pdwfoabmxm;usOf;aNrmif;aom tdrfa*[m tvkyform;tcsKdUu
rauseyfMuay/ vifxifcsdwftay:wGif tvum;ae&if; remvdk0efwkdNzpfaeMuonf/
0rf;csdefYzdef\rsufESmomay;rIudk cH&onfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwftzdkY uHaumif;onf[k qdk&ayrnf/
vifxifcsdwfonf uHaumif;aomfvnf; rmefapmif;rwufcJhay/
vlwdkif;udk om,macsiHpGmaNymqdkum vkyfp&mudkifp&m&Sdonfrsm;udk pdwfygvufygESifh wm0efausyGefpGm
aqmif&Gufay;onf/
þonfudkyif raumif;NrifoltcsKdUu rsufESmom&atmif tvkyfvkyfNyonf[k xifaecJhMuonf/

--------------------------------------------------------

,aeYonf aNrydkif&SifolaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsef\ toufig;q,fNynfh arG;aeYNzpfonf/


arG;aeYr*FvmyGJudk &Sif;wmhcsefu crf;em;MuD;us,fpGmyif qif,ifusif;yonf/
'DvdkyGJrsKd;usif;yvQif tdrfa*[m&Sd tvkyform;wkdYrSm vufrvnfatmifyif tvkyfrsm;Mu&onf/
tvkyform;wdkY tvkyfrsm;aecsdefwGif &Sif;wmhcsef txl;zdwfMum;xm;aom rsufESmMuD;{nfhonfrsm;onf
{nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif pm;aumif;aomufzG,frsm;udk pdwfat;vufat; pm;aomuf&if; pum;aNymqdkaeMuonf/
&S i f ; wmh c sef o nf ok d i f ; ynmwG i f 0goemxk H u m od k i f ; orm;rsm;ES i f h rd w f a qG z G J U aygif ; oif ; aeol
wpfa,mufNzpfonf/ odkYNzifh ol\arG;aeYr*FvmyGJwGif uGrfeefNrdKUteD;0ef;usifrS emrnf& odkif;orm;tcsKdUvnf;
{nfhonftNzpf yg0ifav\/
{nfhonfrsm;onf qufvufí axG&mav;yg; a&mufwwf&m&modkY aNym&if; vl\cE¨mudk,fay:wGif&Sdaom
rSJUrsm;? trSwfrsm;onf xl;Ncm;aom uHMur®m\ edrdwfvu©Pmrsm;NzpfaMumif;udk wpfa,mufu pum;pvdkuf&m
usef v l r sm;uvnf ; rd r d w d k Y M um;zl ; em;0&S d o nf h rS J Y r sm;? trS w f r sm;\xl ; Ncm;yk H u d k wpf a ,muf w pf a yguf
aNymqdkMuukefonf/
]]pum;pyfrdvdkY Ny&OD;r,f? usKyfrSm xl;Ncm;wJhrSJU ESpfvkH;&Sdw,fAs}}
&S i f ; wmh c sef u xd k o k d Y p um;pvk d u f & m {nf h y &d o wf t aygif ; \ rsuf v k H ; rsm;u &S i f ; wmh c sef x H o k d Y
a&mufoGm;Muonf/
]]aNymprf;ygAsm? cifAsm;rSm b,fvdkxl;Ncm;wJh rSJYESpfvkH;&SdwmvJ}}
{nfhonfwpfa,muf pdwf0ifpm;[efNzifh ar;onf/
]]usKyf&JU aNcz0g;wpfckpDrSm arG;&myg rSJYeufMuD;wpfvkH;pD &Sdw,fAs? 'g[m csrf;omMuG,f0r,fh vu©PmyJ?
'DrSJUeufMuD;ESpfck&SdwmaMumifh usKyf[m tckvdkcsrf;omMuG,f0&wmygyJAsm}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu cyfMuGm;MuGm; aNymonf/
]]tJ'D rSJYeufMuD;awGudk NyygOD; olaX;rif;&JU}}
]][kwfw,fAsm ... xl;Ncm;wJhrSJUeufMuD;awG Munfhyg&ap}}
{nfhonfrsm;u wpfa,mufwpfayguf awmif;qdkMuonf/
]]Munfhcsif&if Ny&wmayghAsm}}
97
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&Si;f wmhcsefu xdo
k Ydk aNymNyD;aemuf xdik cf w
Hk pfcaHk y:wGif NrdeYf NrdeYf MuD;xdik u
f m aNcz0g;ESpzf ufukd vSeNf yvduk o f nf/
{nfhonfrsm;onf olYxufigOD;atmifyif &Sif;wmhcsef\ aNcz0g;rsm;udk 0dkif;MunfhMuonf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ aNcz0g;ESpfzufwGif a&G;aphcefY&Sd rnf;eufaeaom rSJYeufMuD;wpfckpD xif&SmpGm&Sdaeonfudk
awGUMu&onf/
xdkaeUu usif;yNyKvkyfaom &Sif;wmhcsef\ arG;aeYyGJwGif &Sif;wmhcsef\ aNcz0g;rS rSYJeufESpfcktaMumif;onf
vlwdkif;pdwf0ifpm;um aNymrqkH;Edkifonfh xl;qef;aom taMumif;t&mwpfcktNzpf yGJodrf;vdkufawmhonf/
nOD;ykdif;wGif {nfhcHyGJNyD;pD;oGm;aomtcg aMu;&wwf{nfhonfrsm;ESifh odkif;orm;{nfhonfrsm;onf
&Sif;wmhcsefudk EIwfqufpum;qdkNyD; arG;aeUqkrGefaumif;rsm;awmif;í toD;oD; NyefoGm;Muonf/ &Sif;wmhcsefvnf;
ol\oD;oefYcef;xJodkY 0ifa&mufum auseyfpGm tem;,lav\/

-------------------------------------------------------------

&Sif;wmhcsefonf ol\oD;oefYcef;xJwGif wpfa,mufwnf;auseyfpGm tem;,laeonf/


,aeY u sif ; ycJ h a om touf i g;q,f N ynf h a rG ; aeY r *F v myG J w G i f ,cif E S p f r sm;xuf yd k r d k p nf u m;pG m
usif;yEdkifcJhonfhtNyif rdrd\aNcz0g;rS rSJUeufrsm;taMumif;udk 0ifhMuGm;pGm ZmcsJUíaNymqdkcJh&onfhtwGuf
&Sif;wmhcsefonf tawmfyif yDwdaomreóNzpfaeonf/
xdktckdufrSmyif oD;oefYtcef;xJodkY vlwpfa,muf t&dyfyrm vSpfceJ 0ifa&mufvmonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf tcef;xJodkY 0ifa&mufvmoudk tHhMo[efNzifh MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]][m ... ausmufa0vkHygvm;? NyefoGm;NyD;rS wpfacgufNyefvSnfhvmykHaxmuf&if taMumif;xl;&Sdr,fxifw,f?
vmAsm xdkif}}
tcef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufvmolrSm e*g;0g*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;ausmufa0vkH qkdolNzpfonf/
e*g;0g*dkPf;onf xdke,fy,fa'owpfvTm;wGif tiftm;aumif;onf/ odkif;ynm0goemygonfhtNyif
rdr\
d vkyif ef;udik if ef;rsm;twGuf e*g;0g*dP k ;f \ t&Sed tf 0gudk tok;H csvdak omaMumifh &Si;f wmhcsefonf e*g;0g*dP k ;f wGif
trnfcH*dkPf;0ifwpfa,muftNzpf yg0ifxm;onf/
]][kwfuJh? taMumif;xl;&SdvdkY wpfacgufNyefvSnfhvmcJhwmyJ}}
ausmufa0vkHu NyefaNymonf/
apmapmu EIwfqufum NyefoGm;Muonfh okdif;orm;{nfhonfrsm;wGif ausmufa0vkHvnf; ygonf/
NyefoGm;NyD;rS wul;wu NyefvSnfhvmNcif;onf trSefyif xl;Ncm;ayonf/
]]b,fvkdtaMumif;vJAsm? aNymprf;ygOD;}}
ausmufa0vkw H pfa,muf NyefomG ;NyD;rS wpfacgufNyefvm&onft h aMumif;udk odcsifaomaMumifh &Si;f wmhcsefu
ar;vdkufonf/
]]arG;aeYr*FvmyGJwkef;u olaX;MuD;NyocJhwJh aNzz0g;urSJUawGudk aoaocsmcsm xyfMunfhyg&ap}}
ausmufa0vkH\ taNzpum;onf &Sif;wmhcseftzdkY ydkítawG;&cufp&m NzpfoGm;onf/
rnfonft h wGuaf Mumifh rdr\
d aNcz0g;rS rSYJ eufEpS cf u
k kd wul;wu vmNyefMunf&h avoenf;/ &Si;f wmhcseo f nf
Za0Z0gNzifh taNz&SmMunfhrdonf/
ausmuf a 0vk H u d k Munf h & onf r S m tawmf y if a v;euf a om trl t &m&S d o nf h t wG u f ,ck u d p ö w G i f
xl;Ncm;aomtaMumif;wpfpkHwpf&m &Sdvdrfhrnf[k &Sif;wmhcsef tuJcwfrdonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf bmrQqufaNymraeawmhbJ xdkifckHay:wGifxkdifum aNcz0g;ESpfzufudk vSefNyvdkufonf/
ausmufa0vkHonf &Sif;wmhcsef\ aNcz0g;ESpfzufudk aoaocsmcsm aphaphpyfpyfMunfhonf/
xdkYaemuf acgif;udk cg,rf;um ...
]]tif; ... r[kwfao;bl;? r[kwfao;bl;}}
&Sif;wmhcseftzdkY ydkíyif tawG;&cufoGm;onf/ odvdkpdwfudk rsKdodyfrxm;EdkifawmhaomaMumifh ...
]]bm r[kwfao;wmvJ}}
98
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aNcz0g;wpfzufpDrSm&SdwJh rSJYeufav;ckpD&SdwJhvludk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vkduf&SmaewJhowif;
Mum;rdovm;}}
ausmufa0vkHu Nyefar;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsefu acgif;udk cg,rf;NyNyD; ...
]][ifhtif; ... rMum;rdbl;}}
ausmufa0vkHudk toHudkESdrfhcsvdkufum ...
]]a&Smifvifausmif;awmf omrubl;? usKyfwdkY e*g;0g*dkPf;uvnf; aNcz0g;wpfzufpDrSm rSJYeufav;vkH;pDygwJh
rSJU&SpfvkH;&Sifudk vdkuf&Smaew,f}}
]]b,fvdktaMumif;aMumifh aNcz0g;wpfzufpDrSm rSJUeufav;vkH;pDygwJh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk vkduf&SmaewmvJ?
'Dvdkvlu bmrsm;xl;Ncm;vdkYvJ}}
ausmufa0vkHu toHudkydkrdkESdrfhcsNyD; ...
]]e*g;u0d c k e pf q l w d k Y [m u0d r aemod k i f ; uG u f q,f h & S p f u G u f u d k usif h p Of w pf r sKd ; pD e J Y toD ; oD ;
wwfaNrmufxm;Muw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,fav? 'gudkawmh usKyfvnf; odxm;ygw,f}}
]]u0draemodik ;f usifph Of ckepfrsKd;vk;H udk usKyfwYkd e*g;0g*dP k ;f u wwfaNrmufcsifMuw,f? usefwehJ *g;u0dawGeYJ
olwdkY&JU tquftEG,fawGrSmvnf; 'DvdkyJqE´&SdaeMuw,f}}
]]'DtaMumif;udk odik ;f orm;wkid ;f vkv d kd odaeMuygNyD? 'gayr,fh 'DaeYtxd u0draemodik ;f usifph Of ckepfrsKd;vk;H udk
rqdkeJY ESpfrsKd;wwfaNrmufatmifawmif rvkyfaqmifEdkifcJhao;bl;av}}
]][k w f w ,f ? 'gayr,f h tck a wmh taNctaeu wpf r sKd ; Nzpf a ew,f ? usKyf w k d Y u rS J Y & S p f v k H ; &S i f u d k
awGUatmif&SmEdkif&if u0draemodkif;usifhpOf ckepfrsKd;vkH;udk wwfaNrmufEdkifawmhr,f}}
]]rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifeJY u0draemodkif;usifhpOfawGeJY b,fvdkrsm;qufpyfaevdkYvJ}}
]][m ... odyfywfoufawmaygh? a[m ... usKyfwdkY e*g;0g*dkPf;bufrSm rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifom &Sdaer,fqdk&if
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU tultnDudk &,ltokH;csEdkifw,f? usKyfwdkYe*g;0g*dkPf;&JU rlvtiftm;eJY *kPf&Sdefuvnf;
rao;ygbl;? a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU tiftm;yg xyfaygif;vdkuf&if usKyfwdkYudk b,folu tmcHEdkifawmhrSmvJ?
usefwhJ e*g;u0daNcmufa,mufukd tvG,w f ulwu kd cf u
kd f tEdik ,
f v l Ykd &r,f? NyD;&if olwYkd &UJ u0draemokid ;f usifph OfawGukd
t&,lvkduf&kH &Sdawmhwmaygh}}
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f? rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifukd &SmawGU&if u0draemodkif;usifhpOf ckepfrsKd;pvkH; &EdkifrSmyJ?
aumif;w,f? odyfaumif;w,f}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu tm;wufoa&m aNymonf/
]]'gaMumifv h nf; ]rSYJ &pS v f ;Hk &Si?f &SmawGUvQi?f ckyifr,Gi;f NydKifbufuif;} &,fvYkdawmif wcsKUd u pmqkad eMuw,f/
rSJU&SpfvkH;&Sifudk awGUatmif&SmEdkif&if NydKifbufuif; odkif;orm;tNzpf csufcsif;a&mufoGm;r,fqdkwJh oabmaygh/
'DvdktaNctaersKd;awG &SdaevdkY olaX;MuD;&JU aNcz0g;rSm rSJYeufawG&Sdw,fqdkwmudk usKyfu aoaocsmcsm
vmMunfh&wmaygh? ckawmhrSJYeufygayr,fh &SpfvkH; r[kwfbJ ESpfvkH;wnf;omNzpfaeawmh ...}}
ausmufa0vku H pum;udk tqk;H rowfyJ &Si;f wmhcsefuo dk mNyKH;í Munfv h ukd o
f nf/ &Si;f wmhcsef\rSYJ EpS vf ;Hk onf
bmrQtokH;r0ifawmhbl;qdkonfh oabmyifwnf;/
ausmufa0vkHonf rSJY&SpfvkH;ESifhywfoufí &Sif;wmhcsefESifh twefMumatmif wD;wkd;aNymqdkNyD;aemuf
&Sif;wmhcsefudk EIwfqufum NyefoGm;onf/
vGefcJhaomq,fESpfausmfumvu a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;ckd;,lNcif;cHcJh&onfrS
tpNyKNyD ; rS J Y &S p f v k H ; &S i f u d k a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ ok d i f ; orm;rsm;u ul n D a y;rnf h vQKd U 0S u f c suf r S m
aygufMum;oGm;cJhavonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS odik ;f orm;rsm;onf aysmufq;Hk oGm;aom vQKUd 0Suyf pön;f udk vku d vf &H mS azGonfeh nf;wl
aNcz0g;wpfzufpDwGif rSJYeufav;ckpD&Sdaom rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudkvnf; vdkufvH&SmazGcJhMuonf/

99
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
q,fESpfwmcefY tcsdefukefvGefoGm;onf/ aysmufqkH;oGm;aom vQKdU0Sufypönf;\owif;udk tpterQyif
pkHprf;ír&/ rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sdrnfhvl\owif;udkvnf; vkH;0rMum;&bJ &SdaecJhonf/
od k Y aomf rS J Y &S p f v k H ; &S i f t aMumif ; rS m um; od k i f ; avmuwG i f wpf a ,muf u tp wpf & mqd k o vd k
owif;NyefYyGm;vmcJh&m ,cktcgwGif odkif;tausmftarmf tawmfrsm;rsm;yif xdkowif;udk odaeMuNyDNzpfonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefrSm odkif;ynm 0goemygaomfvnf; odkif;avmu A[kokwenf;olNzpfonf/ rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk
awGUatmif&SmEdkifygu NydKifbufuif; odkif;ynm&SifNzpfEdkifaMumif; owif;udk rMum;rodcJhay/
,ckrS taMumif;wdkufqdkifum ausmufa0vkHxHrS xdkowif;udk Mum;odcJh&m txl;yif pdwf0ifpm;oGm;onf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifukd &SmazGawGU&Sd&atmif rdrdukd,fwdkifMudK;pm;pkHprf;&efvnf; pdwful;rdonf/
þodYk pw d uf ;l rdNcif;onf odik ;f avmuwpfcv k ;Hk udk qGu
J ikd v
f yI &f mS ;rnfh rSYJ &pS v
f ;Hk &Sif ay:ayguf&ef tpysK;d cJNh cif;[k
qdk&ayrnf/

----------------------------------------------------------

&Sif;wmhcsef\ toufig;q,fNynfharG;aeYr*Fvm usif;yNyD; aemufwpfaeY eHeufydkif;wGif Nzpfonf/


0rf;csdefYzdefonf zufxkyfaMumfpm;vdkaomaMumifh pm;zdkrª;xHoGm;a&mufpDpOf vkyfudkifcdkif;&ef vifxifcsdwfudk
apcdkif;vdkufonf/
apckdif;onfrsm;ukd wm0efausyGefpGm aqmif&Gufwwfol vifxifcsdwfonf aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh
pm;zkdaqmifbufodkY xGufvmcJhonf/
pm;zkdrª;usef;xdonf vifxifcsdwftay: remvdkpdwf&Sdaeol wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh vifxifcsdwfa&mufvmonfudk Nrif&onfwGif ceJYwJhwJhESifh qD;íaNymonf/
]][m ... ukd,fawmfav;ygvm;? b,fvdkta&;taMumif;&SdvdkY usKyfwdkY&JU EkHcsmwJh pm;zdkacsmifudk
udk,fwdkifMuGcsDvmcJh&wmvJ}}
vifxifcsdwfonf þokdYceJYwJhwJhaNymrIudk rESpfoufaomfvnf; pum;rrsm;vdkaomaMumifh rod[efNyKum
0rf;csdefYzdef rSmMum;vdkufonfudkom cyfwnfwnfESifh aNymvdkufonf/
]]ocifrav; 0rf;csdefYzdefu zufxkyfaMumf pm;csifvdkYwJh? tJ'g zufxkyfaMumf wpfyef;uefvkyfay;zkdY
vmaNymwmyg}}
usef;xdu t&GJUwdkufum OD;nGwfí t&dktaoay;vdkufNyD ...
]]aumif;ygNyD udk,fawmfav;cifAsm;? udk,fawmfav; trdefY&SdwJhtwdkif; aqmif&Gufay;yghr,f}}
vifxifcsdwfonf vli,faomfvnf; pdwfxm;Nynfh0onf/ rdrdtay: rvdkwrmpdwfNzifh ceJYwJhwJhaNymqdkNcif;?
ESdrfcsuJh&JUNcif;wdkYudk twwfEdkifqkH; onf;cHcJhonf/
xdkokdY rvkyfMu&efvnf; aNy&maNyaMumif; aNymqdkawmif;yefcJhonf/
,ckvnf; vifxifcsdwfonf pm;zdkrª;usef;xdtm; &nfrGefpGmyif aNy&maNyaMumif; awmif;yefaNymqdkonf/
]][m ... OD;OD;&,f ... uRefawmf[m OD;OD;wkdYvkdyJ 'Dtdrfa*[mu tvkyform; wpfa,mufygAsm? uRefawmfhudk
'DvdkraNymMuygeJY? ocifrav; 0rf;csdefYzdefu taNymckdif;vdkufvdkYom uRefawmfu vmaNym&wmyg}}
xdktcsdefwGif tNcm;pm;zdkaqmif tvkyform;rsm;uvnf; vifxifcsdwfESifh usef;xdwdkYudk tuJcwfum
MunfhaeMuonf/
usef;xdonf tNcm;pm;zdkaqmif tvkyform;rsm;udk [efygygMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]tvdkav;av; ... uRefawmfrsKd;MuD;u udk,fawmfav;udk wef;wlrqufqH&Jygbl;Asm? 'Dvdkawmh
rdefYawmfrrlvdkufygeJY cifAsm}}
usef;xd\ aNympum;tqkH;wGif pm;zkdaqmif tvkyform;rsm;u 0g;ceJ0dkif;&,fvdkufMuonf/
]]uRefawmf awmif;yefygw,f OD;OD;&,f? uRefawmfhudk 'DvdkrsKd; raNymMuygeJY}}
vifxifcsdwfu awmif;yefNyefonf/

100
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rnfokdYyif aNy&maNyaMumif; awmif;yefaNymqdkaomfvnf; usef;xdwkdYu aNymavuJav Nzpfae\/
trsKd;rsKd;aNymqdk ceJYaeonf/ cvkwfyif wdkufzefrsm;awmh eJYvmonfqdkonfh pum;vdk vifxifcsdwfrSmvnf;
rcHcsifNzpfvmum tHhMudwfvdkufrdonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... udk,fawmfav; pdwfqdk;vmNyDa[h? igawmh aMumufygw,f? b,frSm
MuGufwGif;&SdvJa[h? &Smay;Muyg? 0ifNyD; ykef;csifvdkY}}
pm;zdkaqmif tvkyform;wpfa,mufu toHudk cyfpmpmNzpfatmif zsufí rdef;roHESifhaNymvdkufoNzifh
vifxifcsdwfrSm onf;cHpdwfudk rrsKdodyfEdkifawmhbJ &Sufa'goNzpfvmí ausmufcJwpfvkH;udk aumuf,lum
ypfaygufvdkufonf/
]]a'guf ...}}
]]tm; ...}}
ausmuf c J o nf pm;zd k r ª M uD ; usef ; xd \ nmbuf r suf v k H ; pG e f ; ud k xd r S e f o G m ;onf h t wG u f usef ; xd
tvefYwMum;yif atmfvdkufonf/
,cifuqdkvQif olwdkYaemufaNymiforQudk vifxifcsdwf onf;cHpNrJNzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; rdrdwdkY\ w&m;vGef
aemufaNymifrIudk vifxifcsdwftaeNzifh ,cifuvkdyif cHaeOD;rnf[k olwdkY xifxm;cJhonf/
vifxifcsdwfuvnf; wwfEdkiforQ onf;cH&Smygonf/
odkYaomf aNymqdkaemufaNymifrIu w&m;vGefvGef;ru vGefvmonfhtwGuf rcHEdkifawmhonfh tqkH;wGif
vkyfrdvkyf&m vkyfvdkufNcif;om Nzpfonf/
cJtxdcH&onfhtwGuf usef;xdrSm tMuD;tus,f a'goxGufoGm;onf/
]]Munfhprf; ... acG;aumifav;? ighudk aoG;xGufoH,dk Nzpfatmifvkyfw,f? tckyJ ightaMumif; od&apr,f}}
usef;xdonf a'gowMuD; atmf[pfMudrf;0g;&if; vifxifcsdwfxHokdY aNy;0ifvmonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf wdrf;a&SmifxGufaNy;&ef MudK;pm;ao;onf/
odkYaomf vGwfatmif raNy;Edkif&Sm/
pm;zdkaqmif tvkyform;rsm;u vifxifcsdwfudk 0dkif;0ef;zrf;qD;vdkufMuonf/
usef ; xd o nf vif x if c sd w f \ qH y if u d k vS r f ; qG J u m ausmNyif u d k vuf 0 g;Murf ; MuD ; Nzif h
ESpfcsufqifh&dkufcsvdkufonf/
vifxifcsdwf ausmaumhoGm;onf/
usefpm;zdkaqmif tvkyform;rsm;uvnf; wpfa,mufwpfcsufqkdovdk 0dkif;0ef;&dkufESuf uefausmuf
MuNyefonf/
vifxifcsdwfcrsm vlMuD;rsm;\ 0dkif;0ef;xdk;Mudwf&dkufESufrIudk r&IrvScHae&&Smonf/ aovkaNrmyg;
Nzpfaeonf/
rsufESmrSm zl;a&mifvmonf/ rsufvkH;rsm;yif rzGifhEdkifawmh/ wpfukd,fvkH;wGifvnf; tndktrnf;uGufawG
xifaeonf/
xdkokdY pm;zdkrªMuD;ESifh pm;zdkaqmiftvkyform;rsm;u vifxifcsdwfudk 0dkif;0ef;&dkufESufxdk;MudwfaeMupOf
rdef;rysKdav;wpfa,muf\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvdkufoH ay:xGufvmonf/
rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf\ atmf[pfvdkufoH ay:vmonf/
]][dwf ... &yfvkdufMu? bmaMumifh uav;udk 0dkif;ESdyfpuf aeMu&wmvJ}}
atmf[pfvdkufolrSm 0rfcsdefYzdef\&Ha&Gazmf rdef;uav; vdefvdefyif Nzpfonf/
vdefvdef\atmf[pf[efYwm;oHaMumifh usef;xdwdkYvlpk udk,f&Sdef owfoGm;Muonf/
pm;zdkaqmifbufokdY vifxifcsdwfxGufoGm;onfrSm MumaeonfhtwGuf vdefvdefuvdkufvm&mrS ,ckvdk
0ifa&muf[efYwm;EdkifNcif; Nzpfonf/
vdefvdefom a&mufrvmvQif vifxifcsdwfrSm ,ckxufydkí r&IrvScH&ayrnf/
,ckawmif aNrMuD;ay:wGif t&kyfMudK;Nywfovdk acGacGacgufacgufav; vJusae&Smonf/ NyefrxEdkif/
]]'Daumifav; odyfrdkufuef;w,f? ighudk ausmufcJeJY aygufw,f? a[m'DrSm Munfhygvm;}}
101
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usef;xdu OD;atmifaNymNyD; rdrd\ cJrSefonfh'Pf&mudk vufnId;xdk;Nyonf/
vdefvdefu vJusaeaom vifxifcsdwfudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkuf&m rsufvkH;NyL;us,foGm;&onf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm wudk,fvkH; ndKrnf;zl;a&mifae\/ NrifvdkYraumif;awmh/ vIyfvnf;rvIyf/
]][m ... uav;awmh aoNyDxifw,f? &SifwkdY w,f&ufpufMuygvm;}}
vdefvdefonf xdkokdYaNymNyD; vifxifcsdwfudk aNy;ayGYxlvdkufonf/
ESvkH;om;ae&mudk prf;Munfh&m &ifckefaeao;onfudk awGU&onf/ vifxifcsdwf usef;xdwdkYvlpk\
Murf;wrf;vSaom xdk;Mudwf&dkufESufrIrsm;'PfaMumifh owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
]]u,fMuygOD;&Sif ... a[m'DrSm uav;udk 0dkif;ESdyfpufaeMuvdkY}}
vdefvdefu atmf[pfvdkufonf/
vdev f ed \
f atmfoaH Mumifh a*[mapmifh odik ;f orm;acgif;aqmif usm;av;a0haxmifEiS hf tapmifo h ikd ;f orm;ESpOf ;D
taNy;a&mufvmonf/
]]bmNzpfwmvJ vdefvdef}}
usm;av;a0haxmifu ar;onf/
]][kdvlawG 0dkif;ESdyfpufMuw,fav? MunfhygOD;&Sif? toufrS&SifEdkifyghrvm;}}
vdefvdefu NyefaNymonf/
usm;av;a0h a xmif o nf vif x if c sd w f u d k zd E S d y f a y;&if ; aNcz0g;ay:od k Y Munf h v d k u f r d & mwG i f
usm;av;a0haxmifrSm rsufvkH;NyL;oGm;&onf/
odkYaomf usm;av;a0haxmifonf csufcsif;yif £aNE´Nyefq,fum usdcsdaoG;aMumudk qufvufESdyfay;onf/
NyD;aemuf em;&Gufaemufzuf&Sd zkefusdaoG;aMumuGufae&mrsm;ukdyg qufvuf ESdyfe,fay;onf/
rMumrDrmS yif vifxifcsdwf owdNyef&vmonf/ usm;av;a0haxmifu vifxifcsdwu f kd tvkyo f rm;taqmif&dS
viftdwdk;\ tcef;okdY xrf;ydkYay;&ef tapmifhokdif;orm;wpfa,mufudk apckdif;vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf pm;zkdrª;usef;xdwdkYudk tNypfwifpum;qdkonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdY awmfawmf tMuifemw&m; uif;rJhMuygvm;? om;orD;csif; udk,fcsif;rpm uav;i,fudk
0dkif;tEdkifusifhMu&ovm;? cifAsm;wdkY 'Davmuf vufpGrf;NycsifMu&if vm usKyfeJY &ifqkdifprf;}}
pm;zdkrª;MuD; usef;xdwdkYvlpkrSm rsufESmi,fav;awG NzpfukefMuonf/
usm;av;a0haxmifvdk okdif;orm;wpfa,mufudk olwdkY &ifqdkif&ef owdår&SdMuay/
]]usKyf ... usKyfwkdY rSm;oGm;ygw,f q&musm;av;&,f ... awmif;yefygw,fAsm}}
,ckrS usef;xd wkefwkef,if,ifESifh awmif;yefpum;qkd&Smonf/

----------------------------------------------------------

vdefvdefonf NzpfysufykH taMumif;pkHudk 0rf;csdefzdefxH csufcsif; oGm;a&mufaNymqdkonf/


taMumif;pkHudk Mum;&aomtcg 0rf;csdefYzdefonf pdwfraumif;pGmNzifh vdefvdefESifhtwl vifxifcsdwf&Sd&m
tvkyform;aqmif\ tcef;okdY vkdufvmcJhonf/
wpfukd,fvkH; 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;ESifh Nrifraumif;&Iraumif;atmif Nzpfaeaom vifxifcsdwfudk
awGY&aomtcg 0rf;csdefYzdefrSm tvGefyifoem;oGm;onf/
pm;zdkrª;usef;xdwdkYvlpkudkvnf; ac:,lum NypfwifMudrf;armif;onf/
usef;xdwdkYrSm olaX;\ tcspfqkH;ZeD;acsmav; 0rf;csdefYzdefudk NyefraNym0HhbJ Mudrf;armif;tNypfwiforQ
NidrfcHaeMu&onf/
usef;xdwdkYudk NypfwifMudrf;armif;ae&if; 0rfcsdefYzdefonf wpfpkHwpf&mudk awG;rdonf/
onf vlru kd vf &l rf;um;awGukd aNymqdNk ypfwifum tcsdeNf zKef;aernft
h pm; vifxifcsdwu
f kd aq;0g;ukoay;&ef
owd&vmonf/

102
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]vdefvdef ... aq;q&mwpfa,muf NrefNrefoGm;ac:prf;? a&mh ... aq;zdk;0g;cvnf; ,loGm;}}
0rf;csdefYzdefu vdefvdefudk aiGtoNymrsm;ay;NyD; aq;q&mac:&ef apvTwfvdkufonf/

--------------------------------------------------------

0rf;csdefYzdefu vifxifcsdwftwGuf aq;q&mac:,l&ef vdefvdefudk ta&;wMuD; apvTwfvdkufcsdefrSmyif


usm;av;a0haxmifonf olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefudk ESpfa,mufcsif;awGYqkHNyD; rdrdod&SdcJh&onfh owif;xl;udk
wD;wkd;aNymNyonf/
usm;av;a0haxmif aNymNyaom owif;pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg olaX;MuD;&Sifhwmcsef\ rsufESmwGif
tHhMoNcif;ESifh auseyfyDwdNzpfNcif; t&dyfta,mifrsm; a&m,Sufay:vmonf/
]]rif;aNymwm wu,fyJvm; a0haxmif}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu a0haxmifudk ar;vdkufonf/
a0haxmifaNymMum;onfh owif;pum;udk &Sif;wmhcsef tNynfht0,kHMunfygonf/
ok d Y a omf xd k o wif ; rS m xl ; Ncm;vS a omaMumif h pd w f x J w G i f r,k H r &J & S d o nf h t wG u f aocsmatmif
xyfrHar;vdkufNcif;om Nzpfonf/
]]ocif M uD ; ud k uRef a wmf rvd r f n m0H h y gbl ; ? vif x if c sd w f & J U zd e yf u d k c Rwf N yD ; aNcz0g;tv,f u
usdcsdaoG;aMumuGufudk ESdyfay;&if; uRefawmfukd,fwdkif awGUvmcJhwmyg? olY&JU aNcz0g;wpfzufpDrSm rSJYeufav;ckpD
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;&Sdaeygw,f}}
xdkpum;rsm;onf &Sif;wmhcsef\ESvkH;om;udk ysm;&nfavmif;vdkufonfhES,f Nzpfav\/
&Sif;wmhcsef tvGef0rf;omoGm;onf/
rarQmv f ifb
h J rSYJ &pS v
f ;Hk &Siu
f kd vG,v
f ifw
h ul &SmawGUcJah vNyD/ a0;a0;vHvvH nf; r[kw/f olYtrd af *[mxJwiG yf if
&Sdaeonf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk trSDNyKum odkif;avmuwGif rmefaxmif0HhMuGm;Edkifawmhrnf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf pdwful;,Ofrd&kHESifhyif twdkif;tqr&Sd tMuD;tus,f 0rf;omaeonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... igudk,fwdkif vdkufMunfhr,f}}
&S i f ; wmh c sef o nf xd k o k d Y aNymNyD ; aemuf usm;av;a0h a xmif E S i f h t wl vif x if c sd w f & S d & m
tvkyform;aqmiftcef;av;okdY vmcJhonf/
xdkae&modkY &Sif;wmhcsef a&mufoGm;csdefwGif 0rf;csdefYzdefudkvnf; awGU&onf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifudkMunfh&ef tvGefpdwfapmaeaom &Sif;wmhcsefonf 0rf;csdefYzdefudk bmrQar;Nref;aNymqdkaeNcif;
rNyKbJ vifxifcsdwf&Sd&mokdYom 0ifoGm;onf/
olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefonf tvkyform;aqmifokdY wpfMudrfwpfcgrQyif vmavhvmx r&Sday/
,ck vifxifcsdwf xdckduftemw&NzpfrS udk,fwdkifa&mufvmNyD; Munfh&Ionfudk awGU&aomtcg
pm;zdkrª;usef;xdwdkYvlpkrSm aNy;p&maNr r&Sdawmhatmifyif aMumufvefYwkefvIyfukefMuonf/
olaX;MuD;u ,ckvdk *&kpdkufrnfrSef;odvQif olwdkYonf vifxifcsdwftm; armfíyif Munfh0HhMurnf r[kwfay/
usef;xdwdkYvlpkonf toufyif Nyif;Nyif;r&ª&JMubJ rsufESmi,fav;awGESifh &SdaeMuonf/
olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefuom Nyif;Nyif;xefxef ta&;,lcJhvQif usef;xdwdkYvlpkrSm tvkyfNyKwfum
tcsKyfcef;xJokdYyif a&mufoGm;Edkifonf r[kwfygvm;/
vifxifcsdwfrSm vIyfyifrvIyfEdkif/
tdyf&mxufwGif acGacGav; Nzpfae&Smonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf vifxifcsdwf\ 'Pf&mrsm;udk MunfhovdkvdkESifh aNcz0g;ESpfzufudk Munfhvdkufonf/
aoaocsmcsmyif awGU&ygNyD/ b,fbufaNcz0g;wGif rSJYeufav;vkH;? nmbufaNcz0g;wGif rSJYeufav;vkH;
pkpkaygif; rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;/
vifxifcsdwfonf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif trSefpifppfyif/
103
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&Sif;wmhcsef tvGef0rf;omoGm;onf/ tu,fí teD;tem;wGif tNcm;vlawG&SdraevQif xckefrdrnftrSef/
usef;xdwdkYvlpkonf &Sif;wmhcsefu rdrdwdkYudk b,fawmh a'gowMuD;ESifh qlylMudrf;armif;avrnfenf;[k
&ifwxdwfxdwfNzifh apmifhum &Sif;wmhcsef\ rsufESm&dyfrsufESmuJudk tvpfray;&JbJ vSrf;MunfhaeMuonf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\rsufESmay:wGif a'got&dyfta,mifrsm;ay:rvmbJ tm;&auseyfonfh t&dyftoGifrsm;om
rodromay:vmonfudk awGU&aomtcg usef;xdwdkYrSm tawG;&cufaeMuonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf vifxifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;rsm;udk ppfaq;Munfh&INyD;aemuf tcef;xJrS NyefxGufvmonf/
xdkYaemuf a0haxmifudkvSnfhMunfhonf/
rdrdwdkYtNypfESifh rdrdwdkY vdyfNymrvkHNzpfaeMuaom usef;xdwkdYrSm &ifxJwGifxdwfceJ NzpfoGm;Muonf/
touf&ªyif rSm;ukefMuonf/
]]aumifav;udk *&kpdkufvdkufyg}}
&Sif;wmhcsef\EIwfzsm;rS þrQom aNymvmonfhtwGuf usef;xdwdkYvlpk touf&ªacsmifoGm;Muonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf oGufvufayghyg;aom aNcvSrf;rsm;ESifh avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;onf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk &SmawGYNyD/ qufvufvkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk &Sif;wmhcsef acgif;xJwGif pDpD&D&D
pOf;pm;oGm;onf/
xkdtpDtpOfrSm .../

104
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (12)
vifxifcsdwf\ aNcz0g; wpfzufpDwGif rSJYeufav;vkH;pD&Sdonfudk awGU&onfhtwGuf &Sif;wmhcsef tvGefyif
0rf;omaeonf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk &SmazGawGU&SdNyDrdkY rdrdtusKd;twGuf qufvufvkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk acgif;xJwGif
pDpD&D&Dyif pOf;pm;íaeonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf xdkaeYntzdkY ol\ ti,fqkH;ZeD;av; 0rf;csdefYzdef\taqmifwGif tcsdefNzKef;aexkdifonf/
0rf;csdefYzdef\ NyKpkrIrsm;udk cH,l&if; rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk tvG,fwul awGU&SdrdoNzifh &&SdrnfhtusKd;tNrwfrsm;udk
awG;awmpOf;pm;um tvGefyiftlNrL;aeav\/
0rf;omvSaomaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsefonf rsKdodyfrxm;EdkifbJ ZeD;acsmav;udk xkwfazmfaNymNy rdav\/
]]'Dr,f 0rf;csdefYzdef ... rif; igeJY a&pufqkH&wmudk *kPf,l0rf;omayawmh}}
&Sif;wmhcsef\ t&if;r&Sd tzsm;r&Sd &kwfw&ufaNymvdkufaompum;udk 0rf;csdefYzdefu em;rvnfEdkifay/
&Sif;wmhcsefudk Za0Z0g Munfhum ...
]]tpfudkMuD; bmudk qdkvdkwmvJ[if}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu 0rf;csdefYzdef\ ar;zsm;uav;udk udkifum ...
]]rif;&JU a,mufsm;[m rMumcifbJ e*g;0g*dkPf;rSm ta&;ygt&ma&mufqkH; 'k*dkPf;csKyf Nzpfvmawmhr,f
od&JUvm;}}
&Sif;wmhcsefwdkY aexdkif&m uGrfeefNrdKUwnf&Sdonfh e,fy,fa'owGif e*g;0g*dkPf;onf tiftm;awmifhwif;um
MuD;pkd;vTrf;rdk;xm;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsefudk,fwkdifu odkif;ynm0goemygonfhtNyif rdrd\vkyfief;rsm;wGifvnf; e*g;0g*dkPf;\
t&Sdeft0gudk tokH;csvdkaomaMumifh e*g;0g*kdPf;\trnfcH *dkPf;0ifwpfa,muftNzpfyg0ifxm;onf/
e*g;0g*dkPf;\ 'k*dkPf;csKyf[laom [ef[dwfonf xdke,fy,fa'owGif tvGefyif t&Sdeft0g MuD;rm;ayonf/
105
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][if ... tpfudkMuD;u b,fvdkvkyfNyD; e*g;0g*dkPf;&JU 'k*dkPf;csKyfNzpfrSmvJ? aNymprf;ygOD;}}
0rf;csdefYzdefonf &Sif;wmhcsef\pum;rsm;udk em;rvnfEdkifaomaMumifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]e*g;0g*dkPf;u aNcz0g;rSm rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;ygwJhvludk odyfvdkcsifaew,f? rif;a,mufsm; uHaumif;csifawmh
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif[m igwdkYtdrfay:rSmudk &Sdaew,f/ olUudk e*g;0g*dkPf;vuf tyfvdkuf&if rif;a,mufsm;udk aus;Zl;wkHYNyef
csD;NrSifhwJhtaeeJY 'k*dkPf;csKyfae&m ay;rSmayghuG}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu cyfMuGm;MuGm;yif NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]tpfudkMuD;aNymwJh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifqdkwm b,folvJ}}
]]b,fol&SdOD;rSmvJ? [dkaumifav; vifxifcsdwfyJaygh? reufNzef reufapmapmrSm e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk
iguk, d wf idk o
f mG ;awGUNyD; taMumif;pkH aNymNyvdu k rf ,f? tcsdew
f pf&ufawmif aemufusvdYk rNzpfb;l ? wpf&ufaemufus&if
ightwGuf&r,fh tcGifhta&;awG vufvGwfoGm;Edkifw,f}}
]]aMomf ... tif; [kwfuJhyg&Sif}}
0rf;csed Yf zed rf mS acgif;ndwuf m aNymvdu k &f aomfvnf; pdwx f w J iG af wmh vifxifcsw d \ f oem;p&mrsuEf mS av;udk
Nrifa,mifum tawmfyif pdwfraumif;Nzpfrdonf/
pm;zdkrª;MuD;usef;xdwdkYvlpk\ 0dkif;0ef;&dkufESufNcif; cHxm;&aomaMumifh rao&kHwrnfNzpfaeaom
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;0g*dkPf;okdY zrf;qD;ydkYaqmifNcif; cH&ayOD;rnf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ MuD;yGm;wkd;wufa&;twGuf ckwkH;tNzpf tokH;cscH&ayOD;rnf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf rdrdMuD;yGm;wdk;wufawmhrnfh ta&;udkpOf;pm;&if auseyftm;&pGm tdyfaysmfoGm;onf/
0rf ; csd e f Y zd e f o nf b0uH t aMumif ; rvS o nf h t wG u f aNryk d i f & S i f o l a X;MuD ; &S i f ; wmh c sef \
ZeD ; ti,f N zpf a e&aomf v nf ; &d k ; om;vS a om v,f o rm;b0rS ayguf z G m ;vmol y D y D pd w f a eoabmxm;
aNzmifhrSefaumif;rGefonf/
rdrdukd,fwkdifrSm MuD;Edkifi,fnSif;qdkovdk b0ay;uHraumif;cJh&aom tNzpfrsKd;ESifh &ifqdkifae&onfhtwGuf
rdrdvdkb0wlrsm;tay:wGif pmempdwftNrJyif xm;onf/
rdrd\ wwfEdkiforQaom pGrf;tm;av;Nzifh rw&m;rIrsm;udk MudK;pm;wdkufzsufcJhonf/ tm;enf;ol?
tultnDvkdolrsm;udk ay;EdkiforQaom tultnDav;udk ay;cJhonf/
rw&m;tEd k i f u sih f c H & vQif pd w f x J w G i f rnf r Qxd c d k u f u m rnf r Qpd w f q if ; &J & onf u d k 0rf ; csd e f Y z d e f
udk,fawGUNzpfaomaMumifh cg;oD;pGm cHpm;em;vnfxm;onf/
rdrv d kd cg;oD;aom tawGUtMuKHrsKd;; tNcm;vlrsm; rMuKH&apvdo k nfrmS 0rf;csdeYf zed \ f apwemtrSeyf ifNzpfonf/
vlqdkonfrSm rdrd\wdk;wufMuD;yGm;a&;twGuf MudK;pm;vkyfaqmif&rnfrSm rSefaomfvnf; xdkuJhokdY
MudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif&mwGif rdrdtusKd;twGufudkcsnf; a&SUwef;wifum OD;pm;ay;vGef;í r&Edkifay/
olwpfyg; tusKd;udkvnf; Munfh&ayrnf/
wdkif;NynftusKd;udkvnf; rarhtyf/
wkdif;NynftwGufvnf; tusKd;&Sd? trsm;aumif;usKd;vnf;Nzpf? rdrdtzdkYvnf; MuD;yGm;wdk;wufapaom
vkyf&yfrsKd;omvQif aumif;NrwfrSefuefayonf/
okdYrSom Mum&SnfpGm cHpm;&rnfrSm trSefyif/
,ck&Sif;wmhcsef\ tMuHtpnfonf udk,fusKd;udk MunfhvGef;onf/ ]b,folaoao iawrmNyD;a&m} qdkovdk
vifxifcsdwf rnfokdYaom qif;&J'ku©rsKd;a&mufa&muf rdrd\ t&Sdeft0gwdk;wufNyD; pnf;pdrfcsrf;om wdk;yGm;a&;udkom
txl;tav;ay;vGef;aeonf/ wpfukd,faumif; qefvGef;aeonf/
,ckvdk pnf;pdrftNynfh ,pfrl;aeonfudk &Sif;wmhcsef rwif;wdrfEdkifrSef; tuJcwfrdonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf rdrd\cifyGef;onf NzpfaomaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsefwdk;wufMuD;yGm;vQif 0rf;csdefYzdef tzdkYvnf;
a&NrifhuMumwifhqdkovdk txdkuftavsmuf tusKd;&SdEdkifayonf/
odkYaomf þodkYaom roefY&Sif;onf pnf;pdrfcsrf;om tusKd;pD;yGm;rsKd;udk 0rf;csdefYzdef rvdkvm;ay/
0rf;csdeYf zed o f nf rdr\ d vkytf m;Nzifh MudK;pm;vkyaf qmif&&So
d nfh tusKd;pD;yGm;wdYk uo kd m NrwfE;kd ckrH if wefz;kd xm;ol
Nzpfayonf/
106
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaMumifh 0rf;csdefYzdefonf oem;p&maumif;vSaom b0'Pfudk trsKd;rsKd;cHae&aom &SD;xifcsdwfudk
u,fwifvdkonf/
u,fwifEdkifa&;twGufvnf; usdwfíenf;vrf;&Sm pOf;pm;aeavonf/
&Sif;wmhcsef tdyfarmusoGm;csdefwGif 0rf;csdefYzdefonf tomt,mxum aNcudkzGeif;í tdyfcef;xJrSxGufvmNyD;
vdefvdefudk oGm;EId;onf/
vdefvdefrSmvnf; vifxifcsdwftwGuf pdwfraumif;NzpfaeaomaMumifh aumif;pGmtdyfraysmfbJ&SdaeonfrdkY
0rf;csdefYzdef taeESifh taxGtxl; EId;p&mrvdk/
0rf;csdefYzdef\ toHudkMum;&onfESifh vdefvdefonf tdyfae&mrSxvmonf/
]]vdev f ed f ... igaNymwmudk aoaocsmcsmem;axmifprf;? vifxifcsdwt f wGuf tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvmawmhr,f?
olYukd 'Dtrd Mf uD;uaea0;&mudyk Ykd ay;zdYk ta&;MuD;w,f? eifuyJ wm0ef,al pmifah &SmufNyD; ac:oGm;? tckcsufcsif; 'Dt&yfu
a0;&mudkxGufoGm;? a[m'DrSm vdktyf&ifokH;pGJzkdY toNymawG? igawmh tcef;udkNyef&r,f? [kdvlMuD;Edk;vm&if cufr,f?
eifomydyd&d&deJY NrefNrefqefqefvkyf}}
vdefvdefrSmvnf; vifxifcsdwftay: apwem&Sdolwpfa,mufNzpfonf/
aeYcif;uyif pm;zdkaqmifrS tvkyform;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;ESdyfpuf &dkufESufMuoNzifh vifxifcsdwfuav;
a0'emcHpm;ae&onfudk *&kPmouf? pdwfraumif;Nzpfae&ao;onf/
,ck 0rfcsdefYzdefu qdkif;rqifhAkHrqifh vifxifcsdwf ab;'ku©awGUawmhrnfhtaMumif; aNymvmaomtcg
rnfokdYrnfykH Nzpfrnfudk rar;tm;bJ vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;&onf/
xdkYaMumifh 0rfcsdefYzdef ay;tyfaomwm0efudk vdkvdkcsifcsifyif ,lvdkufonf/
]]pdwfcsygrrav;? uRefrtoufpGefYNyD; 'Daumifav;udk ab;uif;wJhae&m ydkYay;yghr,f}}
vdefvdefonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwf&Sd&m tvkyform;aqmif\ tcef;av;okdYvmcJhonf/
xdktcef;av;a&SUwGif csefwdwfaNzmiftrnf&Sd odkif;orm;wpfa,muf uif;apmifhaeonfudk awGY&onf/
vdefvdefrSm &ifxJwGif xdwfceJNzpfoGm;onf/
tapmifhtMuyf&SdaeonfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwfudk ac:,loGm;zkdY NzpfEkdifygrnfvm;/ vdefvdef awG;ylaerdonf/
vdefvdefonf arSmif&dyfxJwGif tomykef;atmif;ae&if; csefwdwfaNzmif\ taNctaeudk tuJcwfMunfhonf/
csefwdwfaNzmiftm; cyfat;at; cyfayghayghyif xdkifaeonfudkawGU&aomtcg pGefYpm;&ef qkH;Nzwfvdkufonf/
vdefvdefonf ausmufwkH;wpfckudk aumuf,lum nmvufwGif toifhudkifNyD; csefwdwfaNzmif\
aemufausmbufrS wNznf;Nznf;csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
csef w d w f a Nzmif r S m xk d t d r f a *[m&S d od k i f ; orm;rsm;\ acgif ; aqmif usm;av;a0h a xmif u
apcdkif;vdkufaomaMumifhom vmapmifh&onf/
'Pf&mrsm;ESihf tdy&f mxJvaJ eonfh csmwdwaf v; wpfa,muftem;wGif uif;apmifah e&onfukd b0ifrusovdk
pdwfvnf;r0ifpm;ay/
xdkYaMumifhyif cyfayghayghqqaeae&m aemufausmbufrS vdefvdefcsOf;uyfvmonfudk vkH;0rodcJhay/
tem;okdY csOf;uyfrdonfESifh vdefvdefonf csefwdwfaNzmif\aemufaphudk vufxJwGif udkifxm;aom
ausmufwkH;Nzifh wtm;&dkufcsvdkufonf/
csufaumif;udk xdrdonfhtwGuf csefwdwfaNzmifrSm wcsufom cyfoJhoJhnnf;EdkifNyD; vJusoGm;onf/
csefwdwfaNzmifom ayghayghqqraevQif ,ckvdk cH&rnfr[kwfay/
vdev f ed o
f nf tdycf ef;xJoYkd vSpcf eJaNy;0ifum 'Pf&mrsm;\ t&Sed af Mumifh rSed ;f aeonfh vifxifcsdwu f akd yGYcsDNyD;
cyfokwfokwfNyefxGufvmcJhonf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm cyfydefydefrdkY vdefvdeftzdkY tvG,fwulayGUcsDEdkifonf/
þtdrfa*[mwGif taeMumcJhí vdefvdeftaeNzifh 0ifaygufxGufayguf? 0ifvrf;xGufvrf;wdkYudk
aumif;aumif;odonf/
vd e f v d e f o nf ok d i f ; ynmwwf a Nrmuf o l wpf a ,muf r [k w f a y/ tu,f í tapmif h o k d i f ; orm;
wpfa,mufa,mufESifh &ifqdkifwdk;rdvQif b,fvdkrQ ckcHumuG,fwdkufcdkufEdkifrnfr[kwf/
107
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktapmifh odkif;orm;vufxJwGif uGdceJaeatmif trdcHvdkuf&rnfom Nzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifhvdefvdefonf tapmifhokdif;orm;rsm;udk a&SmifuGif;um &ifwxdwfxdwfNzifh vIyf&Sm;ae&onf/
vifxifcsdwf\ ukokdvfyJaumif;onfvm;/ vdefvdefuyJ yg;ESyfum tdrfa*[m\ taetxm;udk
uRrf;usifívm;? tapmifhtMuyfrsm;uyif ayghavsmhavonfvm;rod/
vdev f ed o f nf rnfonfh tapmifo h ikd ;f orm;rsm;ESirhf Q &ifqikd &f Ncif;r&Sb d J tdraf *[m tNyifbufoYkd a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL
xGufvmEdkifcJhonf/
tdrfa*[mtNyifbufokdY a&mufaomtcg vdefvdefrSm tvkH;MuD;wpfck &ifxJrSusoGm;ovdk tawmfyif
pdwfayghyg;oGm;onf/
oufNyif;wpfcsuf "[if;" ceJ csrd\/
avSmiftdrfrS vGwfaNrmufvmonfh iSufwpfaumifvdkvnf; pdwfxJwGif cHpm;&onf/
tcsdefrSm noef;acgif,HNzpfonf/
nonf at;Nrwdwfqdwfaeonf/
vdefvdef\ touf&SLoHNyif;Nyif;ESifh nwGif usufpm;aomydk;aumifrsm;\ atmfNrnfoHrSwpfyg;
tNcm;toHAvHrsm;r&Sday/
toufq,fEpS t f &G,f qdak omfvnf; vifxifcsdw\ f cE¨mud, k o
f nf t&G,Ef iS v hf ukd af tmif xGm;usKdi;f Ncif;r&S/d
ra0a&pm pm;aomufum ydefvSDaeonf/
vdefvdefu tvG,fyifayGUcsDum oGufvufaom aNcvSrf;rsm;ESifh aNy;vTm;aeonf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ tdrfa*[mMuD;rS aNcwpfvSrf;ykda0;atmif aNy;EdkifonfESifhtrQ vifxifcsdwftay:wGif
usa&muf r nf h tEÅ & m,f r S m aNcwpf v S r f ; yd k r d k a0;uG m rnf r d k Y vd e f v d e f o nf arm&rS e f ; yef ; &rS e f ; yif rod b J
aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh aNy;awmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif ...
&Sif;wmhcsefonf ti,fqkH; ZeD;acsmav; 0rf;csdefYzdef\tdyfcef;xJrS zJarGU&mMuD;ay:wGif taysmfarmESifh
tdyfpufaeonf/
tqDtpfí t&ufcdk;rsm; Nyefaeaom &Sif;wmhcsef\ rsufESmyGa&mif;a&mif;MuD;rSm tdyfaysmfae&if;rSyif
auseyf[efNzifh NyKH;a,miforf;ae\/
rdrd\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;om? MoZmtmPmrsm; wdk;wufNrifhrm;vmykHrsm;udk tdyfrufyif Nrifrufíaeonf/
tdyfruf ruf&if; yg;pyfrSyif a,mif,rf;um atmf[pfaNymqdkaerdao;onf/
]][dwf ... ightrdefYudk emcHMuprf;? remcHwJhvlawG aumif;aumif;tNypf'Pfcwfr,f}}
tawG;ESihf tdyrf aysmaf om 0rf;csed Yf zed rf mS &Si;f wmhcse\f a,mifatmfoaH Mumifh &ifxw J iG x f w d cf eJ NzpfomG ;&onf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf a,mifatmf&kHomru tdyf&mrSvefYEdk;um aigufceJxxdkifNyD; 0rf;csdefYzdefudk pdrf;pdrf;MuD;Munfhvdkuf\/
ukd,fhvkyf&yfESifhudk,f pdwfrvkHNzpfaeonfh 0rf;csdefYzdefrSm vefYzsyfoGm;&onf/
0rf;csed Yf zed f aMumuftm;vefYtm; NzpfomG ;yku H kd Nrif&onfwiG f &Si;f wmhcserf mS rdrad ,mifatmfro d nfukd owd&um
NyKH;vdkufavonf/
]]bmNzpfwmvJ[if}}
0rf;csdefYzdefu r&Jw&J ar;onf/
]]bmrS r[kwfygbl;uGm? [kdaumifav; vifxifcsdwfudk e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JUvufxJ tyfay;NyD;&if
&r,fhtusKd;tNrwfawGudk tdyfrufrufvdkY a,mifatmfrdwmyg? [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu aNymvnf;aNym auseyfpGmvnf; tm;yg;w& w[m;[m; &,farmvdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... 'gvm;? uRefrNzifh bmrSef;rod nmrSef;rodeJY vefYoGm;wmyJ}}
0rf;csdefYzdefu tomNyKH;&,fNyD; aNymvdkufonf/
aNymomaNymvd k u f & aomf v nf ; pd w f x J w G i f r l &S i f ; wmh c sef u vif x if c sd w f & S d & mod k Y oG m ;a&muf
ppfaq;Munfh&Irnfudk awG;ylae&onf/

108
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]rdk;awmifvif;awmhr,f? NyeftdyfvdkYvJ taMumif;xl;rSm r[kwfbl;? [kdaumifav; taNctae b,fvdk&SdvJ
rodbl;? oGm;Munfh&if aumif;r,fxifw,f}}
pdwfxJwGif ylyefaecsdefrSmyif &Sif;wmhcsefu xkdokdYaNymvmonfhtwGuf 0rf;csdefYzdefrSm pdk;&drfpdwf
ydkrsm;vm&onf/
vifxifcsdwfudk u,fxkwfoGm;aom vdefvdefonf ,cktcsdefwGif c&D;a0;a0;odkY ra&mufEdkifao;ay/
&Sif;wmhcsefom oGm;a&mufMunfh&Iygu vifxifcsdwfaysmufqkH;aeaMumif; odoGm;vQif vdkufvH&SmazGrnfrSm
{uefrvGJyif/
vdefvdefwdkYudk aNc&mcHrdzkdY tcGifhtvrf; rsm;aeonfr[kwfygvm;/
0rf;csdefYzdef awG;ylaecsdefrSmyif &Sif;wmhcsefonf ckwifay:rSqif;í zdeyfudk aumuf,lpD;aeavNyD/
]]'Daumifav;u b,fudkaysmufoGm;EdkifrSmrdkYvJ? NyD;awmh tapmifhwpfa,mufvJ tem;rSmapmifhcdkif;xm;w,f
r[kwfvm;? tvum; tydktvkyfawG vkyfraeygeJY? cktpfudkMuD; tdyf&mxapmapmEdk;vmwmyJ? e*g;0g*dkPf;XmecsKyfudk
apmapmoGm;vdkufaygh? 'DvdkvkyfwmurS tpfudkMuD;twGuf ydktusKd;&SdEdkifw,f r[kwfvm;}}
0rf;csdefYzdefonf tMuHaumif;wpfckudk &kwfw&ufpOf;pm;rdum &Sif;wmhcsefudk aNymqdkvdkufonf/
olr\pum;u &Si;f wmhcseftwGuf tMudKufawGUapaompum; Nzpfovdk vifxifcsdw\ f vGwaf Nrmufrt I wGuf
tcsdefqGJay;vkdufNcif;vnf; Nzpfayonf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk awGUNyDNzpfaMumif; e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfxHokdY aNymNyvdkpdwf xufoefaeaom &Sif;wmhcsefonf
0rf;csdefYzdef\ tMuHudk oabmuspGm vufcHvdkuf\/ tvdkqE´ Nyif;Nyaeaom &Sif;wmhcsefonf 0rf;csdefYzdef\
pum;y&d,m,fqifuGufxJodkY tvG,fwulyif wdk;0ifoGm;onf/
]]at; ... [kwfw,f? e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD;qDudk t&ifoGm;wm aumif;w,f? NrefNrefoGm;Edkifav ightwGuf
tusKd;tNrwfawG NrefNrefydk&EdkifavyJ? uJ ... uJ ... ig c&D;xGufzkdY tNrefNyifqifay;prf;}}
e*g;0g*dkPf;\ XmecsKyfpcef;onf uGrfeefNrdKUrS aNcusifc&D;oGm;vQif aeY0ufc&D;tuGmwGif &Sdonf/
xkYd aMumifh &Si;f wmhcseftwGuf axGaxGx;l xl; Nyifqifay;p&mrvd/k 0wfqifomG ;&ef t0wftpm; xkwaf y;um
Nrif;aZmif;odkY vkdufydkYay;vkduf&kHomNzpfonf/
uGrfeefNrdKUrS e*g;0g*dkPf;XmecsKyfodkY aNcusifoGm;rnfqdkvQif aeY0ufcefUtcsdefMumonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefurl Nrif;pD;um cyfNrefNrefvmcJhaomaMumifh ESpfem&DcefYESifh a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
t&kPfrwufrDu uGrfeefNrKdUrS xGufvmcJhonfhtwGuf e*g;0g*dkPf;XmecsKyfteD;odkU a&mufoGm;csdefrSm
rdk;vif;cgptcsdefom &Sdao;onf/
e*g;0g*dkPf;XmecsKyfNzpfaom e*g;0g&JwdkufMuD;onf awmifukef;wpfckay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/
xkdawmifukef;udk e*g;0g*dkPf;XmecsKyf wnf&Sd&mae&mNzpfonfhtwGuf e*g;0gawmifukef;[k ac:onf/
&S i f ; wmh c sef o nf awmif u k e f ; ay:wG i f xD ; xD ; rm;rm;wnf & S d a eaom e*g;0g&J w d k u f M uD ; ud k
vS r f ; arQmf M unf h v d k u f a v\/ t&k P f O D ; a&mif e D o rf ; aeaom rd k ; uk y f p uf 0 d k i f ; aemuf c H N zif h &J w d k u f M uD ; rS m
cHhnm;xnf0gaeonf/
pdwfxJwGif Nzpfay:aeaom 0rf;omaysmf&TifrIaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsef\rsufvkH;rsm;onf ta&mifwvufvuf
awmufyaeonf/
auseyfrIyDwdt[kefaMumifh acgif;udkwpfcsuf ndwfum awmifukef;ay:odkY wufonfhvrf;twdkif;
Nrif;udkpD;vmcJhonf/ xdkvrf;rSm ausmufNym;rsm;cif;xm;NyD; 0J,mwpfzufwpfcsufwGif xif;&SL;yifrsm;
pDpDnDnDpdkufxm;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf e*g;0g&JwdkufokdY rMumcP a&mufzl;olNzpf&m þvrf;udkMudrfzefrsm;pGm oGm;vmzl;onf/
ok d Y aomf ,ck w pf a cguf w G i f r l xd k v rf ; \ tqif t Nyif o nf ,cif u ES i f h r wl b J tvG e f y if v S y
wifhw,faeonf[k &Sif;wmhcsef\pdwfxJwGif xifrSwfrdonf/
]]tif; ... w,fuHaumif;wJh igygvm;? odkif;orm;MuD;awG taotvJvdkuf&SmaeMuwJh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif[m
igha*[mrSm ightwGuf a&mufvm&w,f? [J ... [J ... [J ighbkef;wefcdk; w,fMuD;wmyJ? igvdkvl ZrÁLrSm&SdEdkifyghrvm;}}
&Sif;wmhcsefonf udk,fhpdwful;ESifhudk,f NrL;MuGMunfEl;í ae\/
109
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rMumrDrSmyif e*g;0g&JwdkufMuD;\ yifrt0if0a&SUokdY a&muf&Sdvmonf/
t0if0\ 0J,mwGif tcuf? tcRef? taNymuf? trTrf;rsm;Nzifh &kyfvkH;azmfxm;aom e*g;0gMuD;ESpfaumifudk
&Sif;wmhcsef rsufpdupm;Munfhvkdufonf/
e*g;0g&JwdkufodkY rMumcP a&mufzl;aom olYtzdkY t0if0wGif&Sdaom e*g;0g&kyfMuD;ESpf&kyfonf awGUNrifaeus
&dk;tDaeaom NrifuGif;Nzpfonf/
odkYaomf ,cktcgwGifrl udk,fhpdwful;ESifhudk,f taysmfMuD;aysmfí tarmfMuD;armfaeol &Sif;wmhcseftzdkY
xdke*g;0g&kyfMuD;ESpfckrSm tvGeftouf0ifum cHhxnfvSonf[k xifrdonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf e*g;0g*dkPf;0if wpfa,mufNzpf\/ e*g;0g&JwdkfokdY rMumcP oGm;vm0ifxGufaeolrdkY
e*g;0g*dkPf;om;odkif;orm;rsm;u olUudkaumif;aumif; od&SdaeMuonf/
t0if0wGif tapmifw h m0efusaeol odik ;f orm;wpfa,mufu &Si;f wmhcseu f kd qD;MudKíEIwq f uf pum;qdo k nf/
]]a[m ... olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefygvm;? apmapmpD;pD; bmudpöeJY a&mufvm&wmvJ}}
EIwfqufpum;qdk&if; t0ifwHcg;udk zGifhay;vdkufMuonf/
]]'Dtapmifhodkif;orm;av;awG[m tck&ufydkif;twGif; e*g;0g*dkPf;rSm igb,favmuf ta&;ygvmr,frSef;
odMuykHr&bl;? odrsm;od&if ighudk ysmysmovJ t&dktaoay;MurSmyJ}}
&Sif;wmhcsefonf xdkokdYawG;rdNyD; tapmifhodkif;orm;rsm;udk txifao;aomtMunfhNzifh Munfhvdkufum
[dwf[eftNynfhESifh NyefaNymonf/
]]apmapmpD;pD; a&mufvmqdk odyfudkta&;MuD;wJh udp&ö SdaevkdYyJ ta&;MuD;wJhudpeö JY usKyfa&mufvmw,fqdkwJh
taMumif;udk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qD tNrefqkH; taMumif;Mum;ay;yg\]]
&Sif;wmhcsefonf Nrif;ay:rS atmufodkY ckefqif;vdkuf\/
xdkYaemuf odkif;orm;wpfa,mufvufxJokdY Nrif;ZufMudK;udk [efygyg tyfvdkuf\/
]]aumif;ygNyD? {nfhcef;aqmifrSm oGm;apmifhyg? *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk oGm;taMumif;Mum; ay;yghr,f}}
&Sif;wmhcsefonf odkif;ynm aygufaygufaNrmufaNrmufrwwfuRrf;aomfvnf; rdrd\vkyfief;rsm;wGif
e*g;0g*d k P f ; ud k tok H ; csEd k i f & ef t wG u f aiG a Mu;ay;urf ; axmuf y H h r I r sm; NyKvk y f x m;onf h t wG u f
e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfvltif;0gu olUudktawmfyif tav;ay;onf/
&S i f ; wmh c sef w pf a ,muf ta&;wMuD ; a&muf & S d v maMumif ; od v m&aomtcg e*g;0g*d k P f ; csKyf M uD ;
vltif;0g;onf &Sif;wmhcsefudk ol\oD;oefYcef;xJodkY ac:,lawGUqkHonf/
]]uJ ... aNymprf;ygOD;? bmawGrsm; 'Davmufawmif ta&;MuD;vmwmvJ olaX;MuD;&JU}}
oD;oefYcef;xJ&Sd xdkifckHrsm;wGif toD;oD;ae&m,lum xkdifMuNyD;aemuf vltif;0g;u pum;pvkdufonf/
oD;oefYcef;xJwGif ESpfa,mufwnf;&Sdaeonfhwkdif &Sif;wmhcsefu pdwfrvkHao;[efNzifh ab;bDudk
tuJcwfMunfhNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf toHudkESdrfhum ESpfudk,fMum; avoHNzifh ...
]]odyfudk ta&;MuD;w,f *dkPf;csKyfMuD;a&? rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk usKyf&SmvdkY awGUxm;NyDAs}}
þpum;udk Mum;&onfhtcgwGif vltif;0g;rSm ododomom vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/ [efraqmifEdkifbJ
xdkifae&mrSyif x&yfvdkufrd\/
]][if ... olaX;MuD;aNymaewm wu,fyJvm;}}
vltif;0g;u tHhMo[efNzifh ar;onf/
xdkYaemuf rdrd£aNE´ysufoGm;onfudk owdNyKrdum xdkifckHwGif Nyefxkdif\/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vltif;0g;wpfa,muf pdwfvIyf&Sm;um wtHhwMo NzpfoGm;&ykHudk
auseyfpGmMunfh&if; NyKH;NyKH;MuD; acgif;ndwfNyvdkufonf/
]]usKyfaNymwm wu,fyJaygh? wu,fr[kwfbJeJY usKyfu *dkPf;csKyfMuD;vdk yk*d¾Kvfwpfa,mufudk
vmNyD ; vS n f h p m;aNymqd k & J y gh r vm;? aNcz0g; wpf z uf p D r S m rS J Y e uf a v;vk H ; pD y gwJ h rS J Y & S p f v k H ; &S i f c smwd w f [ m
usKyf&JUtdrfa*[mrSm tck&Sdaeygw,f? olUtcef;em;rSm odkif;orm;wpfa,mufudk tapmifhcsxm;w,f? aumifav;crsm
olrsm;u &dkufESufxdk;Mudwfxm;vdkY wpfudk,fvkH; 'Pf&m&NyD; tdyf&mxJ vJusaew,f? b,fudkrS xGufroGm;Edkifygbl;}}
110
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'gqdk&if usKyfwdkYe*g;0g*dkPf;[m odkif;avmuudk vTrf;rdk;EdkifzdkY aocsmNyDaygh? 0rf;omp&myJAsm? 0rf;omp&myJ}}
]]aumifav;udk 'D&Jwdkufta&muf *dkPf;csKyfMuD;eJY usKyfESpfa,mufwnf;oGm;NyD; ac:Muwmaygh? tckudpöudk
usKyfaoaocsmcsm vQKdU0Sufxm;w,f? ratmifNrifcif wNcm;vlawG rodapcsifbl;? 'gaMumihfvJ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qDudk
taMumif;Mum;wmawmif usKyfwpfa,mufwnf; xGufvmcJhwmyJ}}
]][kwfvdkufavAsm? vkyfykHudkifykH odyfaooyfwmyJ? 'gaMumifh uGrfeefNrdKUrSm tcsrf;omqkH; aNrydkif&SifolaX;MuD;
Nzpfaewmaygh}}
vltif;0g;\ csD;rGrf;pum;aMumifh &Sif;wmhcsefrSm NyKH;NyKH;MuD; NzpfoGm;&av\/ vltif;0g;u qufvufí
]]uJ ... uJ tcsdefodyfqdkif;aevdkY rNzpfbl;? tNrefqkH;oGm;MupdkY}}
&Sif;wmhcsef aNymMum;onfrsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf vltif;0g;rSm tvGefyif pdwfvIyf&Sm; aysmf&Tifaeonf/
aNr&SifolaX;MuD; vkyfMuHaNymqdkvdrfhrnf r[kwfEdkifaMumif; tuJcwfrdaomfvnf; r,kHwpf0uf ,kHwpf0ufESifh
Nzpfaeao;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsef twdtus tckdiftrm aNymqkdtmrcHaeoNzifh ,kHMunfvufcHvdkufonf/
odkif;avmuwpfcGifwGif NydKifpH&Sm;onfh odkif;orm;Nzpf&awmhrnf[laom todaMumifh vltif;0g;rSm
£aNE´rqnfEdkifavmufatmif Nzpfaeonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ xif&Sm;aom odkif;ynm&SifMuD; wpfa,mufNzpfol [l0Sm;qef;vdefonf
taNrmftNrifMuD;pGmESifh tvGefta&;MuD;onfh vQKdU0Sufypönf;wpfckudk pDrHxdef;odrf;xm;cJhonf/ xdkvQKdU0Sufypönf;onf
rnfokdYaom ypönf;Nzpfonfudk odoltvGefenf;\/ aNcz0g;wpfzufpDwGif rSJYeufav;vkH;pD yg&Sdaom rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk
a&SmifvifpMumtwGif;tm; Nynfh0&&Sdatmifvnf; a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu ulnDvkyfaqmifay;&ef rSmMum;cJhonf/
xk d r S m Mum;csuf o nf a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf \ vQKd U 0S u f c suf t Nzpf *d k P f ; csKyf w pf q if h r S w pf q if h
vufqifhurf;um aNymqdk rSmMum;xm;cJhMuonf/
þvQKdU0Sufcsufudk a&Smifvif*dkPf;\ xdyfwef;okdif;orm;wdkif;yif rodMuay/
*dkPf;csKyf? pnf;urf;xdef; *dkPf;tkyfESifh odkif;ynmoifMum;a&; *dkPf;tkyfwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifcJh&ol
tpOftqufom wpfqifhwpfqifh aNymqdkrSmMum;xm;cJhMuonf/
xdkokdY&SdcJh&mrS wpfaeYwGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ Nrwfynmcef;aqmifwGif vkHNcKHpGmodrf;qnf;xm;aom
a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;udk wpfpkHwpfa,mufu 0ifa&mufckd;,loGm;cJhonf/
xdktcsdefu ydkifpkusifonf cifyGef;onf &SD;[kefwGif oifhaeaom e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;\ tqdyfudk
aNzazsmufukoEdkif&eftwGuf a&Smifvifausmif;awmf twGif;okdY pGefYpm;0ifa&mufum 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNz
toufu,faq;vk;H udk t&,lcchJ sed Nf zpf&m a&Smifvifoidk ;f orm;rsm;u vQKUd 0Suyf pön;f cd;k ,lomG ;olrmS ydik pf u k siNf zpfrnf[k
txifrSm;cJhMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;rsm;onf ydkifpkusiftaMumif;ESifh rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifwdkY\ taMumif;rsm;udk
vdkufvHpkHprf;cJhMu&m rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifESifh ywfoufonfh vQKdU0Sufcsuf aygufMum;oGm;cJhonf/
þtaMumif;Ncif;&mrsm;onf vGefcJhaomq,fESpfausmfu ay:aygufcJhonf/ a&Smifvifausmif;awmftaeNzifh
,aeYwdkifatmifyif ydkifpkusif\taMumif;ESifh rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifwdkY\ owif;rsm;udk tpteyif pkHprf;r&Edkifao;ay/
wpfa,mufp? ESpfa,mufprS tpNyKí rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;rsm;onf wpfpwpfp
owif;NyefYyGm;vm\/ ,cktcgwGif odkif;tausmftarmftrsm;pkonf xdkudpörsm;udk od&Sdxm;MuavNyD/
txl;oNzifh e*g;u0dckepfqlwdkYonf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk tvGefyifpdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf/
ok d i f ; avmuwG i f u0d r aemok d i f ; ynmonf xd y f w ef ; od k i f ; ynmwpf c k t Nzpf xif & S m ;cJ h o nf /
u0draemodkif;ynmwGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGuf&SdNyD; xdkokdif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGufudk avhusifhonfh usifhpOfckepfrsKd;
&Sdonf/
e*g;u0d c k e pf q l w d k Y onf u0d r aemod k i f ; ynmusif h p Of wpf r sKd ; pD u d k o m wwf a Nrmuf M uonf ?
u0draemokdif;ynmusifhpOf ckepfrsKd;vkH;wwfaNrmufa&;rSm e*g;u0dwkdif;\ pdwful;,Of arQmfvifhcsufwpf&yf
Nzpfayonf/

111
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
u0draemodik ;f ynm usifph Ofrsm;udk rsm;Edik o f rQrsm;rsm;wwfaNrmufEikd af &; twGuv f nf; enf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;ESihf
MudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu u0draem*dkPf;\ t&Sdeft0gESifh[ef[dwfonf odkif;avmuwGif
tvGefyifMuD;rm;cJhonf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; orm;rsm;onf trsm;tusKd ; ud k o,f y d k ; aqmif & G u f u m raumif ; rI r sm;tm;
qefYusifESdrfeif;cJhMuonf/
vrf;vGJokdif;orm;qdk;rsm;xJwGif tiftm;taumif;qkH;Nzpfaom rdpämraem*dkPf;ESifh u0draem*dkPf;wdkY
tiftm;NydKifqdkifrI Nzpfay:vmonf/
aemufqkH;wGif u0draem*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfESifh rdpämraem*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfwdkY &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufcJhMuonf/
u0draemodkif;usrf;&SifESifh rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&SifwdkY\ &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufrIonf odkif;avmuwGif
aNymprSwfwGifavmufonfh wdkufyGJMuD;wpfck NzpfcJhonf/
tEdkif&vdkpdwf tvGefNyif;Nyaeaom rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&Sifonf rdpämaNrrsKd twGif;tm;EId;qGenf;Nzifh
rdrdudk,fudk temcHum twGif;tm;rsm; wdk;yGm;vmatmifNyKvkyfNyD; oJoJrJrJyif wdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf/
odkif;uGufaygif;axmifcsDum wdkufcdkufcJhonfh xdkwkdufyGJMuD;tNyD;wGif rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&SifrSm tNyD;wkdif
acsrIef;Ncif;cHcJh&onf/ u0draemodkif;usrf;&SifrSmvnf; rdpämraem*dkPf;csKyf\vufcsufNzifh twGif;'Pf&cJhonf/
rdpmä raem *dP
k ;f csKyfaoqk;H NyD;aemuf rdpmä raemodik ;f usrf;? e*g;rdpmä trdeYf awmfausmufeND ym;? tqdyrf pd mä "m;ESihf
rdpämtqdyfaNzaq;wdkY aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhonf/
rdpämraem*dkPf;rSmvnf; emvefrxlEdkifawmhbJ ysufpD;NydKuGJoGm;cJhayonf/
u0d r aem*d k P f ; csKyf r S m rl &&S d c J h a om twG i f ; 'Pf a Mumif h wpf E S p f t MumwG i f uG , f v G e f c J h o nf /
xdkokdYuG,fvGefNyD;aemuf u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkY aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhonf/
u0draem*dkPf;csKyfaoqkH;NyD;aemuf u0draem*dkPf;onf ysufpD;aysmufuG,foGm;Ncif;r&Sdapumrl
0g;tpnf;aNyovdk pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrI NydKuGJcJhonf/
u0draemodkif;wGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGufESifh usifhpOfckepfrsKd; &Sd\/
u0draemokdif;\ usifhpOfwpfrsKd;pDudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkifwwfaNrmufxm;Muonfh u0draemodkif;orm;MuD;
ckepfa,mufwdkYonf udk,fpDudk,fpD e*g;NzLa*[m? e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;?
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;[lí *dkPf;tzGJU ckepfckudk xlaxmifMuonf/
acgif;aqmifckepfa,mufudk e*g;u0dckepfql[k okdif;avmuwGif ac:a0:Muonf/
u0draemodkif;tEG,frsm;tMum; ,kHMunfcsufuif;rJhaomaMumifh rvdkvm;tyfonfh &efapmifrIrsm;vnf;
ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;pnf;vkH;nDnGwf&ef vdkvm;Muonf/ okdYaomf
e*g;u0drsm;tMum;wGif rmefrmexm;rIrsm;? rdrdukd,frdrd txifMuD;rIrsm;ponfh pdwfxm;rsm;&SdaomaMumifh
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrIudk rxlaxmifEdkifcJhMuay/
aysmufqkH;aeaom u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYudk &SmazG&&Sdoludk
u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f if taygif;\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf wnDwnGww f nf; wifaNrSmufMu&efrl e*g;u0dcek pfqEl iS hf
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0if taygif;u oabmwl vufcHxm;Muonf/
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwdkYonf u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYudk
txl;yifMudK;pm;um &SmazGaecJhMuonf/
wpfzufwGifvnf; vrf;vGJodkif;orm;qdk;rsm;u rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk vdkcsifwyfrufpGm vdkufvHpkHprf;
&SmazGaeMuNyefonf/ rdpämraemodkif;usrf;ESifh ywfoufí odkif;avmutarSmife,fwGif wdkufcdkufowfNzwfrIrsm;vnf;
rMumcPyif ay:aygufaeonf/

112
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rnfokdYyifNzpfap ...
u0draemodik ;f usrf;? e*g;u0dtrdeYf awmf ausmufprd ;f Nym;wdYk ukd &SmrawGUEdik o f nfeh nf;wl rdpmä raemodik ;f usrf;?
e*g;rdpämtrdefYawmf ausmufeDNym;? tqdyfrdpäm"m;ESifh rdpämtqdyfaNzaq;wdkYudkvnf; rnfolrQ &SmazGr&Edkifao;bJ
&Sdaeonf/
odkif;avmutarSmife,frS vrf;vGJodkif;orm;qdk;rsm;onf rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk tMudwfte,f
qufvufppHk rf;&SmazGaeMuovdk u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f ifrsm;uvnf; u0draemodik ;f usr;f udk oJorJ rJ yJ if vdu k v
f pH pHk rf;
&SmazGMuavawmhonf/
e*g;u0drsm; taeNzifhvnf; rdrdwdkY wwfaNrmufxm;onfh u0draemodkif;ynm usifhpOftNyif tNcm;u0draem
odkif;ynmusifhpOfwpfrsKd;rsKd;udk xyfqifhwwfaNrmuf&ef MudK;yrf;rIrsm; &Sdaomfvnf; rnfolrQ atmifNrifatmif
rvkyfaqmifEdkifao;ay/
e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyf vltif;0g;uJhodkY tvkdavmbMuD;onfh e*g;u0dtcsKdUonf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk tNyif;txefyif
MudK;pm;&SmazGcJhMuonf/
,ck &Sif;wmhcsefxHrS rSYJ&SpfvkH;&Sifudk aetdrfwGif &SmazGawGU&Sdxm;NyDNzpfaMumif; owif;Mum;od&onfhtcg
vl t if ; 0g;onf u0d r aemod k i f ; usif h p Of t m;vk H ; ud k vuf 0 ,f y d k i f y d k i f &,l E d k i f a wmh r nf od k i f ; avmuud k
vTrf;rdk;Edkifrnfhta&;udk awG;awmpdwful;,Ofum tvGefyif 0rf;omyDwd Nzpfrdavonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefu olYtawG;ESifhol aysmfaeovdk vltif;0g;uvnf; rdrdpdwful;ESifhrdrd t[kwfMuD;[kwfaeonf/
rdrdpdwful;ESifhrdrd t[kwfMuD;[kwfum 0rf;omyDwdNzpfaeaom vltif;0g;onf ywf0ef;usifudkyif arhavsmhNyD;
EIwfqdwfvsuf Nidrfxdkifaerdonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefrSm Nidrfxdkifaeaom vltif;0g;udk tm;rvdktm;r& NzpfvmNyD; ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ... usKyfwkdY c&D;oGm;MuzdkY oifhNyDxifw,f}}
pdwful;ESifh MunfEl;um Nidrfxdkifaeaom vltif;0g;rSm þtcgwGifrS ywf0ef;usifudk NyefowdNyKrdvmonf/
]]aMomf ... tif; ... [kwfom;yJ? usKyfwdkYoGm;MupdkY}}
avmbESifh rmefrmeMuD;aom udk,fusKd;&Smolrsm;onf twåudk a&SUwef;wifwwfMuonf/ rdrdwpfukd,fwnf;
aumif;pm;a&;udkom vkyfaqmifwwfMuonf/
Nzwfvrf;Nzifh atmifNrifrI&&ef MuHpnfwwfMuonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefu e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vltif;0g;udk ol\tdrfa*[modkY wdwfwqdwfyif ac:aqmifvmonf/
olYtMuH atmif&awmhrnf[laom tawG;Nzifh &Sif;wmhcsefrSmtxl;yif tlNrL;aeonf/ olYaNcvSrf;awGu
0zdkifhaomudk,fcE¨mESifh rvdkufatmifyif oGufvufayghyg;aeonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf ayghyg;oGufvufaom aNcvSrf;rsm;Nzifh a&SUaqmifum vltif;0g;udk vifxifcsdwf&Sdaeonfh
tcef;av;odkY vrf;Nyac:aqmifoGm;onf/
]]usKyfaNymwJhaumifav; a[m'Dtcef;xJrSm &Sdaeygw,f? *dkPf;csKyfMuD;ukd,fwdkif rsufNrifMunfh&I
ppfaq;ygawmhcifAsm;}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu cyfMuGm;MuGm;aNymNyD; tcef;wHcg;udk zGifhay;onf/
tcef;xJwGif rD;tdrfxGef;rxm;aomaMumifh arSmifrdkufaeonf/ toHAvHvnf; rMum;&bJ wdwfqdwfaeonf/
aq;eHYrsm;uawmh MudKifvIdifvsuf&Sdonf/
bmud k r Q oJ o J u G J u G J rNrif E d k i f a omf v nf ; oif ; Mud K if a eaom aq;eH Y rsm;aMumif h tcef ; xJ w G i f
'Pf&mtemw&Nzpfí aq;xnfhaq;pnf;xm;aom vlwpfa,muf&SdaeaMumif; awG;qxifNrifEdkifonf/
odkif;avmuwvTm;wGif owif;MuD;aeonfh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk awGUNrif&awmhrnf[laom tawG;Nzifh
vltif;0g;\ &ifxJwGif w'def;'def;ckefae\/
oJoJuGJuGJ rNrif&onfudk tm;rvdktm;r& Nzpfrdonf/
]]rD;av; bmav; xGef;prf;ygOD;As}}
vltif;0g;u &Sif;wmhcsefudk aNymonf/

113
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&S i f ; wmh c sef v nf ; csuf c sif ; yif rD ; cwf a usmuf u d k xk w f , l u m rD ; cwf N yD ; tcef ; xJ & S d rD ; td r f w G i f
rD;xGef;ñSdvdkufonf/
rD;cGuf\ tvif;a&mifaMumifh tcef;usOf;av;xJwGif vif;xdefoGm;\/
]][m ...}}
&Sif;wmhcsef\ EIwfzsm;rSwtHhwMo a&&GwfvdkufoH ay:vmonf/
ol\ &ifxJwGifvnf; 'def;ceJ ckefoGm;onf/
]]cifAsm;aNymwm 'Dvlvm;}}
vltif;0g;u tcef;tv,favmufwGif cyfauG;auG;av; vJavsmif;vsufom; &Sdaeonfh vlwpfa,mufudk
vufñdI;xdk;NyNyD;ar;\/
tcef;xJwGif vlwpfa,mufawmh &Sdaeonf/ okdYaomfxkdolonf vifxifcsdwfawmh r[kwf/
]][m ... r[kwfbl; r[kwfbl;? tJ'g usKyftdrfu odkif;orm; csefwdwfaNzmifyJ}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu uref;uwef;yif aNym\/
]]'gu b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ olaX;MuD;&JU}}
vltif;0g;u rsufarSmifMuKwfum xyfar;Nyefonf/
&Sif;wmhcsef udk,fwdkifvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf aysmufaeNyD; tapmifhcsxm;onfh csefwdwfaNzmif tcef;xJodkY
a&mufae&onfhtaMumif;udk b,fvdkrQ awG;ír&ay/
xdkYaMumifh aMumiftrf;trf;Nzpfum vltif;0g;\tar;udk &kwfw&ufNyefraNzEdkif/
vifxifcsdwfaysmufqkH;oGm;Ncif;onf &Sif;wmhcseftzdkY arQmfvifhcsufawmifMuD; NydKuGJoGm;Ncif;vnf; Nzpfonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf &ifxJwGif w'def;'def;ckefvsuf tcef;usOf;av;xJü vSefavSm&SmazGMunfhrdonf/
rdrd\ rsufpdtMunfh &Sef;aomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfudk rawGU&bJ &Sdaeoavm/ &Sif;wmhcsefrSm rdrd\
rsufpdtNrifudkyif r,kHEdkifovdkNzpfum txyfxyftcgcg &SmazGMunfhaerdonf/
b,favmufMunfhMunfh rxl;Ncm;/
b,favmuf&Sm&Sm vifxifcsdwfudkawmh rawGU&/
tcef;xJwGif 'Pf&mNzifh acGacGav;vJusaeaom csefwdwfaNzmif wpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdonf/
'Pf&m'PfcsufawG wpfudk,fvkH;tNynfhESifh az;rwGJxlay;rSom tEdkifEdkifxEdkifaom vifxifcsdwf
aysmufcsufom;aumif;oGm;&onfh taMumif;udk &Sif;wmhcsefonf trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmpOf;pm;Munfhonf/
b,fvdkrQ pOf;pm;taNz&Smír&cJhay/
&Sif;wmhcsef tvGefyif OD;aESmufaNcmufum tMuHtdkufaeonf/ ol\OD;acgif;rSonf aNczsm;ydkif;odkYwkdifatmif
acR;oD;acR;aygufawG wNydKufNydKufxGufaeonf/
wpfukd,fvkH; a&csKd;xm;ovdk acR;rsm;Nzifh &TJae\/
vltif;0g;udk pum;rqdkEdkifawmhavmufatmif Nzpfaeonf/
csefwdwfaNzmif aoonf&Sifonfudk rod&ao;ay/ Munfhvnf;MunfhzdkY pdwfr0ifpm;/ &Sif;wmhcsefrSm
csefwdwfaNzmif\ aoa&;&Sifa&;udk ta&;rpdkufEdkifay/
vifxifcsdwf b,faysmufaeovJ/ olYbmomol xGufoGm;wmawmh rNzpfEdkif/ wpfa,mufa,muf
vma&mufac:aqmifoGm;Ncif;om NzpfEdkifrnf// xdkokdY awG;rdonfwGif &Sif;wmhcsefrSm ydkíyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/
arm[kdufvmonf/
vifxifcsdwf aysmufqkH;oGm;vQif rdrdpdwful;,OfcJhonfh tcGifhta&;MuD; vufvTwfvdkuf&onfESifh
rNcm;aMumif; &Sif;wmhcsefodonf/ pdwful;,OfcJh&orQ avxJwGif wdkuftdrfaqmufonfhES,f NzpfukefMuavNyD/
vltif;0g;uvnf; &Sif;wmhcsef\ rsufpdrsufESmysufNyD; acR;NyefaeykHudkMunfhum taNctaer[efaMumif;
&dyfrdvdkufonf/
]][kdaumifav; b,frSmvJ olaX;MuD;}}
vltif;0g;\ tar;pum;u tenf;i,favoHrmovdk oHo,aiGUvnf; a&m,Sufyg0ifae\/
xdkar;cGef;onf &Sif;wmhcseftzdkY teD;uyf rdk;MudK;typfcH&ovdk wkefvIyfoGm;aponf/
114
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olukd,fwdkifyif rodonfhudpöudk &Sif;wmhcsef rnfokdYtaNzay;Edkifrnfenf;/
vltif;0g;\ ar;cGef;udk NyeftaNzray;ao;bJ vJusaeonfh csefwdwfaNzmifteD;odkY wdk;uyfoGm;um
cyfMurf;Murf;qGJvIyfEdk;vdkufonf/
]]wdwfaNzmif ... wdwfaNzmif}}
csefwdwfaNzmifxHrS xl;oHxGufrvm/
&Si;f wmhcseo f nf pdwrf &SnEf ikd af wmhbJ owdvpfaeaom csew
f w d af Nzmif\yg;udk cyfMurf;Murf; &du k v f u
kd o f nf/
]]Nzef; ...}}
]]awmuf ... 'DaumifaoNyDxifw,f? 'DavmuftokH;ruswJhaumif aowmyJaumif;w,f}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu rausreyf a&&Gwfonf/
vltif;0g;rSm MunfhraeombJ csefwdwfaNzmif\ &if0&Sd usef;&SD;aoG;aMumrudk tomESdyfay;vdkufonf/
usef;&SD;ESvkH;aoG;aMumronf owdvpfaeNcif;? arm[kdufpGm tdyfaysmfaeNcif;wdkYrS Nyefowd&vmatmif?
NyefEdk;vmatmif NyKEdkifpGrf;&Sdonfh aoG;aMumae&mNzpfonf/
csefwdwfaNzmif Nyefowd&vmonf/
]]tm; ... uRwf ... uRwf ... uRwf}}
owdNyef&vmawmhrS csefwdwfaNzmifonf emusif&rSef;odum pkwfoyfnnf;vdkufrdonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf csefwdwfaNzmif\ aemufaphwGif ap;xef;xef; aoG;uGufaoG;prsm; &Sdaeonfudk ,ckrSyif
owdNyKrdonf/
csefwdwfaNzmifrSm aemufausmbufrS tvpfacsmif; t&dkufcH&í owdvpfoGm;&Ncif; NzpfaMumif;
em;vnf&awmhonf/
odkYaomf aNrydkif&SifolaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefonf csefwdwfaNzmif\ 'Pf&mudk tav;xm;Ncif;r&Sd/
olodvkd&mudkom ta&;wMuD;ar;vdkufonf/
]]a[haumif rif;apmifhae&wJh aumifav; b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ? NrefNrefaNymprf;}}
csefwdwfaNzmifrSm arhaNrm&mrS Nyefvnfowd&vmcgpNzpfNyD; acgif;xJwGif rl;a0aemufusdaeonf/
vifxifcsdwb f ,fa&mufomG ;í bmawGNzpfysufonfukd rqdx k m;bd? tcef;tNyifbufwiG f apmifMh uyfaeaom
rdrdonf þtcef;xJokdY b,fykHb,fenf;Nzifh a&mufae&onfudkyif roday/
tapmifhwm0efusíom ysif;&dpGm apmifhMunfhaepOf &kwfw&ufaemufaphü rD;yGifhoGm;NyD;aemuf owdvpfcJh\/
,ck owdNyef&vmaomtcg olaX;MuD;&Sif;wmhcsef\ tavmwMuD;ar;aeoHudk &Da0pGm Mum;ae&onf/
ar;onfhpum;udk em;&SdvdkYom Mum;vkduf&aomaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsef\tar;udk csufcsif;NyefraNzEdkif/
aemufaphrS 'Pf&muemaeao;oNzifh wuRwfuRwfom pkwfoyfnnf;rdNyefonf/
]]a[haumif ... rif;'Pf&mu raoEdkifygbl;? igar;wmudkom aNzprf;? [kdaumifav; b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ}}
&Sif;wmhcsefu cyfrmrmavoHNzifh xyfar;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmfvJ 'Dtcef;tNyifbufrmS xdik af pmifah ewmyJ? &kww f &uf rsufv;Hk xJ0if;ceJ Nzpfwmudyk J odvu kd &f NyD;
owdarhoGm;wm? 'Dtcef;xJudkawmif b,fvdkvkyfa&mufvmrSef; rod&ygbl;/}}
vltif;0g;onf csefwdwfaNzmif\ pum;rsm;udk em;axmif&if; pdwfxJwGif NzpfysufykHrsm;udk awG;awmqifNcif
Munfhaeonf/
]]tif; ... 'Daumifuh kd wpfa,mufa,mufu owdvpfatmif &du k Ef uS Nf yD; [kad umifav;udk ac:aqmifomG ;wmyJ
Nzpfvdrfhr,f? igwdkYxuf vufOD;wJhvl &SdaeNyDudk;}}
vltif;0g;onf xdkokdYawG;awmpOf;pm;rdum &Sif;wmhcsefudk vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;vlawGudk tNrefqkH; apvTwfNyD; vdkuf&Smcdkif;vdkufawmhav}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif tapmifhokdif;orm;acgif;aqmif usm;av;a0haxmif taNy;a&mufvm&m &Sif;wmhcsefu
vifxifcsdwfudk vdkuf&Sm&ef trdefYay;vkdufonf/
usm;av;a0haxmifvnf; trdefYemcHum taNy;yifxGufcGmoGm;onf/

115
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Dr,f ... &Sif;wmhcsef tckudpu ö dk cifAsm;yJ qufNyD; wm0ef,l&r,f? [kdaumifav;udk awGUatmifvkduf&SmNyD;
usKyfvuftyfyg? rtyfEdkif&ifawmh usKyfudktqdk;rqdkeJYawmh}}
vltif;0g;u &Sif;wmhcsefudk pdef;pdef;Munfhum avoHrmrmESifh aNymonf/
vltif;0g;\ cufxefaomtMunfhESifh wif;rmaom taNymtqdkwkdYaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsefrSm wpfukd,fvkH;
at;pdrfhvkrwwfyif aMumufvefYoGm;um ...
]]*kdPf;csKyfMuD;&,f ... usKyf ... usKyf ...}}
vltif;0g;u &Sif;wmhcsefudk at;pufaom rsufvkH;rsm;ESifh qwfceJ Munfhvdkufonf/
at;puf r mausmaom tMunf h a Mumif h &S i f ; wmh c sef r S m pum;rsm; EI w f r S x G u f r vmEd k i f a wmh b J
vnfacsmif;xJwGifyif aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ awmif;yefpum;qdk&ef MudK;yrf;rIonf vltif;0g;\a'gorD;udk ydkawmufavmifatmif
vkyfay;rdovdkyif NzpfoGm;onf/
]]awmfNyD? aemufxyfbmrS aNymraeeJYawmh}}
xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf vltif;0g;onf aNcoHNyif;Nyif;eif;um tcef;xJrS xGufoGm;onf/
tNyifokdYa&mufonfESifh ol\Nrif;udkoGm;,lum Nrif;ay:wufNyD; cGmoHNyif;Nyif;ESifh pdkif;ESifxGufcGm
oGm;avawmhonf/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf tcef;av;xJwGif wpfa,mufwnf; usefaeonf/
olUtzdkY ayghapvkdí aMumif&kyfxdk; aq;twGufydkav; qkdonfh taNctaersKd; qdkufa&mufaeonf/
olonf MoZmtmPm pnf;pdrfcsrf;om wdk;wufa&;twGuf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif vifxifcsdwfudk ckwkH;vkyfí
aumufuspfpGm MuH&G,fvIyf&Sm;cJhonf/
,ckawmh rdr\ d vufcyk x f uJ a&tNzpf tydik w f u
G x
f m;cJah om vifxifcsdwrf mS aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufaeayNyD/
olUtzkdYvnf; rsufESmr& aNcaxmuf&qdkovdk e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vltif;0g;\ trsufawmf&S tNypfqkdNcif;udkyif
cHcJh&acsNyD/
xkdYNyifrSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk awGUatmif&SmazG&ef wm0efrSmvnf; olYacgif;ay:odkY ykHusvmNyefonf/
]]ightNzpfu Nyóemudk rD;xGef;&Smovdk taNcqdkufaeNyD? [dkaumifav; b,fvdkvkyf aysmufoGm;wmvJ?
olUbmomol xGufaNy;oGm;wmawmh r[kwfEdkifbl;? 'Pf&mawG 'Davmuf&xm;NyD; tdyf&mxJvJaewJh aumifav;u
olYbmomol b,fvdkvkyfaNy;EdkifrSmvJ}}
&S i f ; wmh c sef o nf Murf ; Nyif a y:wG i f aNcypf v uf y pf y if xd k i f c svd k u f N yD ; vif x if c sd w f t aMumif ;
trsKdrsKd;pOf;pm;aeonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;ESpfbufrS rSJY&SpfvkH;udkom rsufpdxJwGif Nrifa,mifaerdonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;wGif rSJY&SpfvkH;&SdaMumif;udk usm;av;a0haxmifu pawGUcJhNyD; rdrdudkvmaNymNycJhonf/
rdrduvnf; xdktaMumif;udk tNcm;rnfolUudkrQ raNym&ef usm;av;a0haxmifudk rSmMum;EIwfydwfcJhonf/
rdrd\tcspfqkH; ZeD;acsmav; 0rf;csdefYzdefudkawmh tlNrL;NrL;ESifh aNymNycJhonf/
a0haxmifonf opömazmuf&Jol r[kwf/ tu,fí opömazmufvkdygu rSJY&SpfvkH;&SiftaMumif;udk
rd r d u k d v maNymp&m taMumif ; r&S d / ol Y b momol vI y f & S m ;vI y f a qmif o G m ;ayrnf / usm;av;a0h a xmif u
taMumif;wpfckckNyum vifxifcsdwfudk tdrfa*[mrS ac:xkwfoGm;vQifvnf; rdrdwdkYu taMumif;rodvQif
wm;qD;rdMurnf r[kwfay? tvG,fyifcGifhNyKvdkufrnfom/
0rf;csdefYzdefrSmvnf; tdrfxJu tdrfNyifxGufavhr&Sd/ pum;enf;um udk,fhbmomudk,f atat;aewwfonf/
xdkYNyif vifxifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;wGif rSJYeuf&Spfckygonfh taMumif;avmufom 0rf;csdefYzdefudk aNymNycJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfESifh qufpyfrItaMumif;rsm;udk raNymcJhay/
&Sif;wmhcsefonf ZeD;acsmav; 0rf;csdefYzdeftay:wGifvnf; oHo,rNzpfrday/
]]'Daumifav;udk wNcm;*dkPf;wpfckcku vmac:xkwfoGm;wmyJ Nzpf&r,f}}
aemufqkH;wGif þodkYomvQif awG;awmrdavawmhonf/
xdkodkY awG;rdonfhtcg tvGefyif pdwfysuftm;avsmhum xdkifae&mrS yufvufvefvJus oGm;&Smonf/
116
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tNcm;*dP k ;f wpf*P kd ;f \vufxo J Ykd usa&mufomG ;aom vifxifcsdwu f kd olUtaeNzifh rnfoYdk Nyefvnf&mS azGum
t&ac:aqmifEdkifrnfenf;/
tu,fí vifxifcsdwfudk Nyefvnf &SmazGac:aqmifNcif; rNyKEdkifcJhaomf ...
&S i f ; wmh c sef o nf awG ; &if ; yif aZmacR;Nyef a tmif xd w f v ef Y v mrd o nf / quf r awG ; 0H h a wmh a tmif
MuufoD;arT;nif; xaerdonf/
e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vltif;0g;\ wif;rmcufxefaom rsufESmMuD;u olYudkaNcmufvSefYaeonf
r[kwfygvm;/

117
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (13)
ta&SUrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;rS a&mifeDrsm;ay:xGufvmonf/
at;Nrvef;qef;aom t&kPfOD;tcsdef a&mufavNyD/
avmuwpfcGifvkH; om,mvSyae\/
odkY&mwGif vdefvdefrSmrl vifxifcsdwfudk ayGUcsDum aNy;vTm;aeqJNzpfonf/
vdefvdefonf tawmfyif arm[kdufaeNyD Nzpf\/
vifxifcsdwfrSm wpfukd,fvkH; cspfcspfawmuf ylavmifum tzsm;wufaeonf/ vifxifcsdwfonf
pm;zkdrªMuD;wkdYvlpk 0dkif;0ef;xdk;Mudwfuefausmuf xm;Ncif;aMumifh wpfukd,fvkH; 'Pf&mA&yGESifh Nzpfaeonf/
aq;0g;rsm;ukoum em;em;aeae tem;,lzdkYaumif;\/ ,ckawmh vdefvdef\ csDykd;rINzifh toufvk
aNy;ae&onf/
0rf;csdefYzdef\ aus;Zl;aMumifh aq;q&mESifh aq;0g;rsm;wpfMudrfom tukocHcJh&zl;NyD; aemufxyf
bmaq;0g;ESifhrQ rawGU&awmhay/
vdefvdefonf 'Pf&mtemw&Nzpfaeaom vifxifcsdwfwpfa,muf oufawmifhoufom &Sdap&eftwGuf
twwfEdkifqkH; az;az;rr csDydk;vmcJhonf/
odkY&mwGif &Sif;wmhcsef\ ab;tEÅ&m,fpufuGif;rS tvGwf&kef;um aNy;ae&aomaMumifh em;em;aeae
tem;,lEdkifNcif; r&Sday/
aNy;vTm;vIyf&Sm;&onfh'Pf? avwdkufcH&onfh'PfwdkYaMumifh vifxifcsdwf\ taNctaerSm ydkqdk;vmcJhonf/

118
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
toHoJhoJhyif rxGufEdkif/
toufudkvnf; txl;yif MudK;pm;um &SLae&onf/
ol\ touf&SLoHrQOf;rQOf;av;onfyif wNznf;Nznf; wdk;wdwfwdrf0ifvmonf/
vifxifcsdwf 'Pf&m ydkonf;vmaMumif;udk vdefvdef&dyfrdonf/
odkYaomf vdefvdefonf &yfem;Ncif;rNyKbJ w&Murf;om qufaNy;aeonf/
'Pf&monf;xefvmaom vifxifcsdwfudk oem;iJhnSmum em;aeoifhaMumif; vdefvdefem;vnfonf/
acwååem;aevdkufvQif vifxifcsdwf\ taNctaetenf;i,f Nyefaumif;vmEdkifaMumif;vnf; awG;rdonf/
odkYaomf ...
vdefvdefrSm acwåcPav;rQyif tem;r,l&J&Sm/
&Sif;wmhcsef\ vlpdwfuif;rJhum &ufpufMurf;MuKwfvSykHudk vdefvdeftwGif;od tqif;od em;vnfxm;onf/
tu,fí awmeif;&SmazGvmMurnf Nzpfaom &Sif;wmhcsef\aetdrfrS vufyg;ap odkif;orm;rsm;uom rdrdwdkYudk
aNc&mcHum zrf;qD;&rdoGm;vQif rdrda&m vifxifcsdwfyg ESpfa,mufvkH; t&Sifvwfvwf i&JusonfhES,f 'ku©cH&rnfudk
vdefvdefaumif;aumif;MuD; odonf/
þtodu vdefvdef\aNcvSrf;rsm;udk ydkrdkNrefqefoGufvufaponf/
xdkYaMumifh tem;,lvkdygvsufESifh tem;r,lEdkif/ acwåtyef;aNzzkdYvkdaMumif; odygvsuf taNy;r&yfEkdif/
wu,fawmh vifxifcsdwEf iS hf vdev f ed w
f Ykd crsm rkq;kd \vufxrJ S toufvu k m aNy;aeMu&onfh om;aumifi,frsm;vdk
NzpfaeMuonfhtwGuf aNy;EdkifrSomvGwfayrnf/
vdefvdefonf vifxifcsdwfudk ayGUcsD&if; wtm;ukefyif aNy;aeonf/
xdkokdYaNy;vTm;&mwGif vdefvdefonf vrf;aumif;vrf;aNzmifhrsm;twdkif; roGm;bJ wrifyif opfyifcsKHykwfrsm;
tMum;wGifwdk;um vrf;Murf;c&D;Murf;rS oGm;onf/
þodYk oGm;vm&cufonfh c&D;Murf;vrf;aMumif; twdik ;f oGm;rSom aemufa,mifcv H u dk vf mrnfh &Si;f wmhcsef\
vufyg;ap odkif;orm;rsm;udk vSnfhpm;aNc&mazsmufEdkifrnf[k vdefvdefwGufxm;onf/
tm;cJum aNy;vTm;cJh&m aerGef;wnfhcsdefavmufwGif awmifukef;NrifhNrifh wpfckem;odkY a&mufvmcJhonf/
xdkae&m0ef;usifonf awmtkyfrsm;zkH;vTrf;aeNyD; vl&dyfvla,mifuif;rJhonf/
awmxJ w G i f vl o G m ;vrf ; rsm;yif r &S d / awm&d k i f ; wd & pä m ef r sm;wd k ; 0if o G m ;vmonf h vrf ; ao;
vrf;rTm;av;rsm;udkom awGU&onf/
þae&modkY &Sif;wmhcsef\ vufyg;apodkif;orm;rsm; aNc&mcHvdkufvmzdkY rvG,f[k vdefvdefawG;rdonf/
xdkokdYawG;rdonfhtwGuf wif;xm;aom pdwfrsm;vnf; tawmfyif avsmhoGm;onf/
wif;xm;aompdwfrsm;udk avQmhcsvdkufonfESifh avQmufvSrf;aeaom aNcvSrf;rsm;onf ododomomyif
av;vHvmonf/
]]igvJ tawmfudkyifyef;aeNyD? uav;vJ taNctaeodyfraumif;bl;? 'Dae&mtxd aNy;vmEdkifrSawmh
[dkvlMuD;&JU tEÅ&m,fpufuGif;u vGwfavmufNyD; cPavmufawmh em;OD;rSNzpfr,f? r[kwf&ifb,fvdkrS a&SUqufc&D;
oGm;EdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;}}
vdefvdefonf xdkokdYawG;awmNyD; MuD;rm;aomopfyifMuD;wpfyif\ aNc&if;wGif tomxkdifcsum
opfyifudkausmrSDvsuf tarmaNzaeonf/
tvGefyif armyef;EGrf;e,faeaomaMumifh opfyifudkausmrSDrdonfESifh vdefvdef\rsufcGHrsm;vnf;
tvdkvdkav;vHvmonf/
b,fvdkrS r[efawmhbJ rsufvkH;udkydwfvdkuf&m armarmESifhtdyfaysmfoGm;avawmhonf/
ESpfESpfNcKdufNcdKuf tdyfaysmfaeaom vdefvdefonf vufarmif;udkrD;pwpfpESifh txdk;cHvdkuf&ovdk
ylceJcHpm;vkduf&onfhtwGuf tdyfae&mrS vefYEdk;vmcJhonf/
uysmu,m rsufvkH;zGifhMunfhvdkuf&m olr\vufarmif;udk ydefvSDaomvufuav;Nzifh qkyfudkifum
vIyfEdk;aeonfh vifxifcsdwfudk Nrif&onf/

119
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
apmapmu ylceJcHpm;vkduf&onfrSm rD;pNzifhtxdk;cH&Ncif;r[kwfbJ tzsm;wufrIaMumifh rD;vkdylaeaom
vifxifcsdwf\vufNzifh xdawGUrdNcif;NzpfaMumif;udk vdefvdefod&onf/
]]a[m ... vluav;udk;? tif; ... a':av;vJ armarmeJY tdyfaysmfoGm;w,fuG,f}}
vdefvdefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk *&kPmrsufvkH;Nzifh MunfhaNymonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdY tck b,fudka&mufaeMuwmvJ[if}}
vifxifcsdwfu ar;vdkuf\/
]]vluav;udk ocifMuD; &Sif;wmhcsef&JU vufyg;apvlrdkufawG zrf;qD;ESdyfpufMuvkdY a':av;u
ab;&ef u vG w f a tmif u,f w if N yD ; xG u f a Ny;vmcJ h w myg? tck a wmh awmeuf x J r S m a&muf a ew,f a v?
bmrSraMumufygeJY? a':av;wpfa,mufvkH; &Sdygw,f}}
]]uRef a wmf h ud k pm;zd k r ª ; MuD ;wd k Y vl p k u 0d k if ;&d k u f ES u f M uwmud k a wmh uRef a wmf o d w ,f ? aemufawmh
uRefawmfowdarhomG ;wm tckryS J Nyefowd&vmw,f? a':av;u uRefawmfu h kd u,fvmcJwh mud;k ? aus;Zl;wifygw,f
a':av;&,f}}
]]uJ ... uJ ... tcsdef&wkef; a':av;wdkYESpfa,muf ab;uif;r,fhae&mudk qufaNy;Mu&atmif
taMumif;pkHudkawmh aemufrSat;at;aq;aq; a':av;aNymNyr,f}}
vifxifcsdwfrSm tzsm;wufrIaMumifh &ifxJwGifylavmifaeonf/ odkYaomf vdr®maom vli,fav;wpfa,muf
NzpfonhftwGuf bmrQNiif;qdk apm'uwufNcif;rNyK/ tomt,myif acgif;ndwfNyvdkufav\/
vdefvdefonf owd&aeNyDNzpfaom vifxifcsdwfudk olr\ausmwGif t0wfpNzifh odkif;csnfum
vG,fydk;vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuftm;cJum avQmufvSrf;xGufvmcJhonf/
acwåtem;,lcJh&NyD;onfhwdkif vdefvdeftzdkY yifyef;EGrf;e,frIrsm;u aysmufNy,foGm;Ncif; r&Sdao;ay/
apmapmuxufpmvQif oufawmifhoufom enf;enf;awmh&Sdvm\/
avmuwGif &Sif;wmhcsefwdkYvdk udk,fusKd;udkom Munfhwwfonfh wpfukd,faumif;orm; vl,kwfrmrsm;&Sdovdk
vdefvdefuJhokdY pdwfoabmxm;NzLpifum 'ku©a&mufoludk ulnDwwfolrsm;vnf; &Sdayonf/
rdrdudk,fusKd;udkpGefYum tepfemcHí olwpfyg;twGuf ulnDcJhMuonfh pdwfxm;aumif;rGefolrsm; pm&if;wGif
vdefvdefESifh 0rf;csdefYzdefwkdY\trnfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;&ayrnf/
vd e f v d e f \ &k y f & nf u omref r Qom &S d a omf v nf ; ES v k H ; om;url tvG e f v S y ayonf / od k i f ; ynm
rwwfaomfvnf; pGefYpm;vkyfudkif&Jaom owåd&Sdonf/
Muufwpfaumifudk owfcdkif;vQif vdefvdefrSm vufwGefYum rowf&JrNzwf&J NzpfaernfrSefaomfvnf;
rw&m;rIudkqefYusif&mwGifrl r[kwfrcHaompdwfaMumifh bmudkrqdk &ifqdkif&ef toifh&Sdaom pdwfxm;udkawmh
ydkifqkdifxm;onf/
þonf r S m pd w f x m;aNzmif h r wf wnf M unf o l w d k Y \ xl ; Ncm;aom pG r f ; &nf w pf & yf y if Nzpf o nf /
pdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfolESifh pdwfxm;qdk;,kwfolwdkYudk cGJNcm;rSwfausmufwifEdkifonfh tcsuf[kvnf; qdkEdkif\/
,ckvnf; pdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfum apwemNzLpifol vdefvdefonf ab;tEÅ&m,fMuKHawGUae&aom
vif x if c sd w f u d k u,f w if u m vl r eD ; ol r eD ; awmMuD ; xJ w G i f aMumuf v ef Y N cif ; r&S d b J ZG J o wå d t Nynf h N zif h
c&D;ESifaeavawmhonf/
tcsdefu wNznf;Nznf; ukefvGefoGm;NyD; naeapmif;okdYyif a&mufvmNyD; 0ifvkqJqJaerif;u avmuMuD;udk
EIwfqufaomtMunfhESifh Munfhaeonf/
]]tif; ... aeawmif0ifawmhr,f? aer0ifcif wpfnwm tem;,lEdkifr,fh ae&maumif;wpfckavmufawmh
&SmrSNzpfr,f}}
vdefvdefonf xdkokdYawG;rdum rdrda&muf&Sdaeaom awmawmifa&aNr0ef;usifukd tuJcwfMunfh&Ionf/
xdak e&m0ef;usifonf wpfcsdeu f vloal exdik cf zhJ ;l onfh t&dyv f u©Pmrsm;udk awGU&onf/ tdr&f mrsm; Nzpfc[ hJ efwol nfh
ae&mrsm;udk Nrif&onf/

120
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
qufvuf&SmazGMunfh&m csKHEG,frsm;zkH;tkyfaeaom ausmuf*lMuD;wpfckudk awGU&onfhtwGuf vdefvdefrSm
tawmfyif0rf;omtm;wufoGm;av\/
*lMuD;\ t0wGif MuD;rm;aom wHcg;MuD;wpfck &Sdaeao;onf/
wHcg;MuD;onf tawmfa[mi;fEGrf; ysufpD;aeonf/
odkY&mwGif taumif;pm;opfom;opfvkH;rsm;Nzifh tusteaqmufvkyfxm;onfNzpfí ckdifcHhaeao;onf/
vdefvdefu wHcg;ysufMuD;udk tomwGef;vkdufonf/
wHcg;ysufMuD;onf tvG,fwul yGifhoGm;onf/
vdefvdefonf ausmuf*lxJodkY csufcsif;r0ifao;bJ 0ifoifhr0ifoifh pOf;pm;um csDwkHcswkH Nzpfaeonf/
þausmuf*lxJwGif bmawG&Sdrnfenf;/ okdYavm odkYavm awG;awmaerdao;onf/
odkYaomf arSmif&Dorf;pNyKvmNyDNzpf&m þausmuf*lxJodkY r0ifygu olwdkYESpfa,muftzdkY wpfnwm aumif;pGm
tem;,ltdyfpuf&ef ae&maumif; &&SdEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfay/
xdkYaMumifh vdefvdefonf t&JpGefUum ausmuf*lxJodkY owdMuD;pGmxm;vsuf wpfvSrf;csif; avQmufvSrf;
0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
yxraNcvSrf;wpfvSrf; pwifvSrf;vdkufonfh tcsdefwGif aMumufpdwfrsm; tawmf&Sdaeonf/
yxraNcvSrf;NyD;aemuf 'kwd,aNcvSrf; vSrf;vdkufonfhtcgwGifrl aMumufpdwfrsm; tenf;i,favsmhyg;
oGm;onf/
wwd,aNcvSrf;wGif aMumufpdwfydkí avsmhyg;vmonf/
aMumufpdwfr&Sdoavmuf Nzpfvm\/
pwkw¦aNcvSrf; ausmfoGm;aomtcgwGifrl aMumufpdwfrsm;aysmufum &JpdwfawG 0ifvmonf/
ausmuf*ltwGif;bufodkY a&mufvmaomtcg vdefvdefu ausmwGifvG,fydk;xm;aom vifxifcsdwfudk
tomatmufokdYcsonf/ xdkYaemuf 0rf;csdefYzdef ay;vdkufaom txkyfudk aNzzGifhMunfhonf/
txkyfxJwGif a&TqGJMudK; okH;ukH;? a&T'*Fg;wpf&m? aiG'*Fg;ESpf&m? &du©maNcmuftcsKdU a&bl;ESifh rD;cwfausmuf
ESpfcJwkdYudk awGU&onf/
tawmfyif NynfhNynfhpkHpkH xnfhay;vdkufonfhtwGuf 0rf;csdefYzdefudk aus;Zl;wifrdonf/
vdefvdefonf 0rf;csdefYzdef&Sd&mokdY arQmfrSef;um OD;csuefawmhNyD; b0qufwdkif;qufwkdif; 0rf;csdefYzdefuJhokdY
pdwfaumif;apwemaumif;&SdolESifh qkH&awGU&ygvdk\[k qkawmif;rd&Smonf/
vdefvdefonf a&TqGJMudK;? a&T'*Fg;ESifh aiG'*Fg;wdkYudk oD;Ncm;cGJum aocsmpGm Nyefxkyfxm;vdkufonf/
&du©maNcmufrsm;? a&bl;ESifh rD;cwfausmufwkdYudk ab;z,fxkwfxm;onf/
]]vluav; ... 'DrSm cPaeaemf? a':av; rD;ykHvkyfzdkY xif;&SL;opfudkif;aNcmufawG oGm;aumufvkdufOD;r,f"
vdefvdefu vifxifcsdwfudk aNymNyD;aemuf *ltNyifodkY xGufvmcJhonf}}
xdkae&m teD;0ef;usifwGif xif;&SL;yif trsm;tNym;&SdonfhtwGuf wpfcPtwGif;rSmyif xif;&SL;udkif;aNcmuf
wpfayGYwpfykdufMuD;&&Sdum *lxJokdY Nyef0ifvmcJhonf/
0rf;csdefYzdefay;vkdufaom rD;cwfausmufNzifh rD;cwfNyD; xif;&SL;udkif;aNcmufrsm;udk rD;ykHNyKvkyfvkduf&m
rMumrDrSmyif *lxJwGif ylaEG;vif;xdef vmavawmhonf/
vdefvdefonf &du©maNcmufrsm;xJrS rkefYaNcmuftenf;i,fudk,lum vifxifcsdwfteD;odkY csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
]]vluav; ... qmaea&maygh? rkefYav; enf;enf;yg;yg;avmuf pm;vdkufaemf [kwfvm;}}
vdefvdefu vifxifcsdwfudk MuifempGmaNymNyD; tomqGJxlí rkefYaNcmufrsm;udk auR;arG;onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf rkefYaNcmufESpfcsyfcefY ukefatmifpm;vkdufonf/ xdkYaemuf vdefvdefonf vifxifcsdwfudk
oufawmifhoufompGm vJavsmif;aeEdkif&ef NyKNyifay;onf/
a&bl;xJrSa&udkvnf; vifxifcsdwftm; tenf;i,f wdkufauR;vkdufonf/
oludk,fwkdifvnf; rkefYaNcmuftenf;i,f pm;aomufum a&wpfusKdufESpfusKduf aomufonf/
xdkYaemuf vdefvdefonf rD;pGJavmifaeonfh xif;&SL;udkif;wpfudkif;udk tomaumuf,lNyD; xdkifae&mrS
xvdkufonf/
121
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]a':av; ... b,fudkoGm;rvdkYvJ[if}}
vifxifcsdwf\ tm;i,f[efNzifh ar;vdkufrIaMumifh vdefvdefrSm &ifxJwGif eifhceJcHpm;vdkuf&onf/
]]b,frS roGm;ygbl;uG,f? 'D*lxJrSm bmawG&Sdw,fqdkwm vkdufpl;prf;MunfhrvkdYyg}}
vdefvdefonf vifxifcsdwf\ ezl;ay:rS qHpav;rsm;udk tomt,m oyfay;um ESpfodrfhpum;aNymonf/
ezl;rSm cspfcspfawmufylaeaMumif; prf;rd\/ vifxifcsdwfzsm;aeqJ Nzpfonf/
]]NrefNrefNyefvmcJhaemf a':av;}}
]]pdwfcsyg vluav;&JU? rMumygbl;}}
vdefvdefu vifxifcsdwfudk tm;ay;onfh oabmNzifh wpfcsufNyKH;MunfhNyD; *lxJokdY avQmufvSrf;
0ifa&mufoGm;\/
vdefvdefonf rD;awmufavmifaeaom xif;&SL;udkif;udk udkifaNrSmufum *l\twGif;bufydkif;odkY wpfvSrf;csif;
avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/
aNcvSrf;ESpfq,fcefY avQmufvSrf;rdaomtcg vdefvdef\ESm0wGif xl;Ncm;aom &eHYwpfckudk pwif&SLrdonf/
]][,f ... bmeHYygvdrfh}}
vd e f v d e f o nf pd w f x J w G i f xd w f c eJ Nzpf o G m ;aomf v nf ; xd k t eH Y ud k pl ; prf ; vd k p d w f wzG m ;zG m ;
ay:aygufvmonfhtavsmuf aoaocsmcsm teHYcHMunfhonf/
y&aq;eHYrsm; NzpfaeaomaMumifh vdefvdefrsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;&onf/
vdefvdefonf y&aq;eHYrsm; ay:vm&mbufokdY a&SU&Ium avQmufvSrf;vmonf/ xif;&SL;udkif; rD;a&mifNzifh
*laxmifhwpfae&mwGif&Sdaeaom aNrtdk;uav;rsm;udk Nrif&onf/
vdefvdefonf aNrtdk;uav;rsm;tem;odkY csOf;uyfoGm;í aoaocsmcsm Munfh&Ionf/
aNrtdk;rsm;udk ysm;za,mif;rsm;Nzifh vkHNcKHpGm ydwfxm;onfudk awGU&onf/ aNrtdk;tcsKdUrSm aNrMuD;xJwGif
NrKyfaeNyD; okH;av;vkH;cefYurl uGJtufaeonf/
xdkuGJtufaeaom aNrtdk;xJrS y&aq;rsm; xGufusvmum teHYMudKifvIdifaeNcif; Nzpfonf/
vdefvdefonf aNrtdk; av;ig;vkH;cefYudk zGifhMunfhonf/
txJwGif aq;Orsm;? aq;Nrpfrsm;? aq;rIefYrsm;udk awGU&onf/ y&aq;awG NzpfaMumif;odaomfvnf;
rnfonfhaq;trnfonf rnfonfha&m*gtwGuf NzpfonfqdkNcif;udkum; olroday/
pepfwusxm;&SdonfNzpfaomaMumifh y&aq;rsm;onf ysufpD;Ncif;r&SdbJ aumif;rGefvwfqwfaeonf/
y&aq;rsm;udkawGU&aomtcg vdefvdefonf temw&ESifh zsm;emaeol vifxifcsdwf\rsufESmudk uGufceJ
Nrifa,mifvmonf/
xd k y &aq;rsm;Nzif h vif x if c sd w f \ 'Pf & mES i f h tzsm;a0'emwd k Y ud k uk o aysmuf u if ; apEd k i f r nf h
tpGrf;xufNrufaom aq;zmfpyfEdkifaumif; azmfpyfEdkifrnfudk vdefvdefwGufqrdonf/
t"ducufaeonfrSm vdefvdefonfaq;ynmudk rwwfuRrf;? em;rvnf/
tzdk;wefy&aq;rsm;udk awGUaomfvnf; tpGrf;xufNrufonfhaq;0g;rsm;udk rnfonfhy&aq;rsm;ESifh rnfokdY
a&maESmazmfpyf&rnfudk rodonfhtwGuf vdefvdefcrsm pmrwwfolwpfa,mufvufokdY &wemodkuftnTef;pm
a&mufaeovdk Nzpfae&Smonf/
vdev f ed o
f nf aq;ynmESiyhf wfoufí A[kow k acgif;yg;cJah om rdru
d , dk rf rd d rausreyfNzifh NyeftNypfwif&if;
vifxifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY NyefvmcJh&onf/
vifxifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY vdefvdef Nyefa&mufvmonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tzsm;wufNyD; rsufvkH;rSdwfum rSdef;ae\/ vdefvdef\aNcoHMum;&aomtcg tm;,lum
rsufvkH;zGifhMunfhonf/
]][if ... a':av;? rsufESmvJ raumif;ygvm;? bmNzpfvmvdkYvJ[if}}
vdefvdefonf 0rf;vnf;enf;onf/ rausreyfvnf; Nzpfaeonf/ vdefvdefonf &kd;pif;yGifhvif;ol Nzpfonf/
pdwfxJ&Sdonfhtwkdif; rsufESmwGiftrlt&m ay:vGifonfhp&dkufaMumifh rsufESmtrlt&mudk tuJzrf;rdaom
vifxifcsdwfu vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
122
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdev f ed o
f nf vifxifcsdw\ f teD;wGif xdik cf sum ezl;udt k omprf;Munfoh nf/ ud, k yf &l edS u
f usroGm;? ydí k yif
ylvmovdk &Sdonf/
vdefvdefonf pdwfrcsrf;aNrYpGm oufNyif;arm wpfcsufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]*lxJrSm y&aq;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;awGUcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh a':av;u pmvJaumif;aumif;rwwf?
aq;ynmqdkvJ em;rvnfavawmh vluav;twGuf oifhavsmfr,fhaq;0g; b,fvkdazmfpyf&r,fqdkwmudk rodbl;?
'gaMumifhpdwfraumif; NzpfrdwmyguG,f}}
þpum;ud k Mum;&onf w G i f vif x if c sd w f \ pd w f x J w G i f pmayynmES i f h a q;ynmwd k Y ud k
MuKd;pm;oifMum;vdkpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf qif;&Jaom ol&if;iSm;MuD;xHwGif twlaeum MuD;Nyif;vm&olNzpf&m pmayynmt&mwGif
rwwfuRrf;ay/ okdYaom OmPfaumif;NyD; [kdar;onfprf; oif,lcJhí pmwpfvkH;p ESpfvkH;pom rawmufwacguf
zwfwwfonf/
]]a':av;&,f ... uReaf wmfvkd atmufwef;pm; wpfa,mufu pmayynmoifMum;&if wwfaNrmufEikd yf ghrvm;}}
þtar;pum;aMumifh vdev f ed rf mS tvGeyf ifpw
d v
f yI &f mS ; oGm;&onf/ vdev f ed o
f nf vifxifcsdw\ f rsufEmS udk
pl;pkdufMunfhNyD; tm;wufoa&myif NyefaNzay;onf/
]][m ... NzpfEdkifwmaygh vluav;&JU? vlwpfa,muftzkdY ZGJrmeftNynfheJY MudK;pm;&if bmrqdkNzpfEdkifwmyJ}}
vdefvdef\ taNzpum;onf vifxifcsdwftwGuf tm;aq;ozG,f Nzpfonf/
]]MudK;pm;&if bmrqdkNzpfEdkifw,f [kwfvm; a':av;? uRefawmf 'Dpum;udk NrJNrJMuD;rSwfxm;r,f? uRefawmf
MudK;pm;r,f a':av;}}
]][kwfw,f ... MudK;pm;&if bmrqdkNzpfEdkifygw,f? b,favmuf tcuftcJawGUawGU? ZGJrmeftNynfheJYom
MudK;pm;yg/ 'Dvdk MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifoGm;&if vluav;[m wpfaeYrSm tatmifNrifqkH; txGef;awmufqkH;
vlcRefvlrGefwpfa,muf NzpfvmEdkifw,f}}
vlom;wpfa,mufwGif ydkifqdkifaom pGrf;&nfrsm;teuf tzdk;twefqkH;rSm todOmPfyif Nzpfonf/
xdktodOmPfaMumifhyif vlom;onf ordkif;wpfavQmufwGif trsKd;rsKd; wdk;wufaNymif;vJ vmcJh&onf/
pmayonf vlom;wkdYtodOmPf\ taNccHtkwfNrpfNzpfum todynm? twwfynmaygif;pkHwkdYonf
xkdtkwfNrpfay:wGif wnfaqmufxm;aom taqmufttkH tcef;cef;wdkYESifh tvm;oP²mefwlnD Muayonf/
pmayynmonf vlom;wdkY\ todOmPfudk ydkrdkzGHYNzdK;vmapa&;twGuf wGef;tm;wpfckvnf; Nzpfayonf/
pmrwwfygu rsufpdygvsuf rsufpduef;aeol[líyif qdkMuonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf yifudkOmPf&nfOmPfaoG; aumif;rGefygvsuf b0ay;taNctaeEkHcsmaomaMumifh
pmaumif;aumif;roifcJh&ay/ vifxifcsdwf\ xufNrufaom OmPf&nfonfraoG;&ao;aom ausmufrsuf?
rxGef,uf&ao;aom aNrMuD;vdk Nzpfaeayonf/
b0tawGUtMuKHt& vifxifcsdwfonf pmwwfatmifoifzkdYvkdaMumif; em;vnfvmonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf;
tzsm;wufaevsufuyif rdrdpmwwfatmif oifMum;í &Edkifr&Edkif vdefvdefudkar;vdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
vdefvdefudk,fwdkifrSmvnf; omref&Ha&Gazmf rdef;uav;wpfa,mufNzpfaomaMumifh pmaumif;aumif;
rwwfay/
okdYaomf vdefvdefonf pmayynm\wefzdk;udk em;vnfonf/ vlom;wpfa,muf\ ZGJrmefESifh owådudkvnf;
,kHMunfonf/
odkYNzpfí vifxifcsdwfudk tm;wufoa&myif tm;ay;pum;aNymcJhonf/ ynmvdktdkonfr&Sd[k qdk&dk;pum;
&Sdonf/
touft&G,frnfrQ MuD;&ifhaeygap? ynmudk MudK;pm;oifygu rwwfaNrmufbJ raeay/
wpfckawmh &Sdonf/
oifMum;vdkolonf ynmudk wwfodvkdaom pdwfqE´tNynfht0&SdzdkYvdkonf/
xdkYNyif MuKHawGU&rnfh tcuftcJwdkYudk MuHUMuHUcdkifcdkif &ifqdkifNyD; ravQmhwrf;MudK;yrf;Edkifonfh ZGJrmefowådvnf;
&SdzdkYvdkonf/
123
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdkvm;aom pdwfqE´? ckdifrmaom ZGJowådwdkYNzifh MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifygu atmif&rnfom Nzpfonf/
tzsm;wuf a e&mrS Mud K ;pm;um tm;wuf o a&m pum;aNymvd k u f & aomaMumif h vif x if c sd w f r S m
tawmfyifarm[kdufoGm;onf/
tarmaNzonfhtaeNzifh rsufpdudk tomrSdwfvdkufonf/
tdyfaysmfoGm;onfawmh r[kwf/ tzsm;&SdefaMumifh rsufvkH;NyefrzGifhEdkifawmhbJ yg;pyfrS w[if;[if;
nnf;oHay:xGuf vmonf/
vdefvdefonf tzsm;'Pfudk nnf;nLcHpm;ae&&Smaom vifxifcsdwfudk Munfh&if; txl;yifoem;vmrdonf/
]]tif; ... igwdYk tNzpfu w,fvu J aH cygvm;? a&iwfwek ;f rSm a&yk;H udik Nf yD; a&wGi;f ema&mufaeayr,fh MudK;r&Sv d Ykd
a&wGif;xJua&udk ,lraomufEdkifwJh tNzpfrsKd;yJ? 'DavmufNyif;xefwJh a0'emcHpm;&&if 'Duav; toufrS
&SifEdkifygOD;rvm;? a0'emcHpm;NyD; aoqkH;oGm;&wmudk onftwkdif; xdkifMunfhaer,fh twlwl aq;wpfckck
MudK;pm;azmfpyfNyD; wdkufauR;Munfh&if ydkaumif;rvm; rodbl;}}
vdefvdef\pdwfxJwGif þokdYawG;rdonf/
vifxifcsdwftwGuf aq;wpfrnfNzpfNzpf azmfpyfay;Edkif&efvnf; trsKd;rsKd; pOf;pm;um tMuHxkwfaeonf/
0rf;csdeYf zed f rusef;rmNzpfonft
h cgrsm;wGif vdev f ed o
f nf 0rf;csdeYf zed t f wGuf vdt k yfaomaq;rsm;udk aq;qdik rf S
tNrJ0,f,lay;avh&Sdonf/
xdo k Ydk 0,f,al y;&mwGif orm;awmfu a&;om;ay;vdu k af om aq;pmtcsK;d tqrsm;twdik ;f y&aq;a&mif;olu
y&aq;rsm;udk tqifoifh a&maESmazmfpyfay;vdu k of nfukd vdev f ed ,f cl &hJ o
Hk myif/ pmrwwfoNzihf ar;vnf; rar;wwf/
aq;pm&Gufudk,lí aq;0,foGm;&aomfvnf; pmxJwGif bmawGa&;xm;rSef; roday/
vdefvdef MudK;pm;yrf;pm; pOf;pm;Munfhonf/ aq;a&mif;ol a&maESmay;aom y&aq;rsm;\ toGiftNyif
tqif;oP²mefudk cyfa&;a&;om OD;aESmufxJwGif NyefvnfxifNrifonf/
b,fvdkrS MuH&mr&Edkifawmhonfh tqkH;wGif cyfa&;a&;omrSwfrdorQaom rSwfOmPfuav;Nzifh aq;wpfrnf
MuHzefazmfpyfMunfh&ef vdefvdefqkH;Nzwfvkdufonf/ onftwdkif; Nidrfaer,fhtpm;wpfckck vkyfvdkufygu
ydktusKd;&SdEdkifrnf/
vdefvdefonf tzsm;'PfESifh a0'em'Pfudk t&G,fESifhrvdkufatmif Nyif;NypGm cHpm;ae&aom vifxifcsdwfudk
*&kPmoufpGmNzifh wpfcsufMunfhNyD;aemuf rD;pGJavmifaeaom xif;&SL;udkif;wpfudkif;udk qGJ,lum apmapmu
y&aq;rsm; awGU&SdcJhonfhae&modkY xGufoGm;onf/
vdefvdefonf tdk;rsm;wGif ydwfxm;aom ysm;za,mif;tydwfrsm;udkcGmum wpftdk;NyD;wpftdk; zGifhMunfhonf/
tdk;twGif;&Sd y&aq;rsm;wGif rdrdawGUzl;aom y&aq;rsm;yg ryg aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;onf/
rdrdawGUzl;ovdkvdkxif&aom y&aq;rsm;yg&Sdonfh tdk;rsm;udk owfowfcGJxm;vdkufonf/
aq;Nrpf aq;O? aq;rIeYf rsm;onf vdev f ed \
f pdwxf w J iG f wpfcEk iS w hf pfck ruGNJ ym;vSbJ qifqifwo l vdv
k v kd nf;
xifrdonf/
vdefvdef\ &ifrSm w'def;'def;ckefaeonf/
vif x if c sd w f \ touf a oa&;&S i f a &;onf rd r d a zmf p yf r nf h a q;ay:wG i f wnf a eaMumif ;
vdefvdefaumif;aumif;odonf/ vifxifcsdwf\ a&m*ga0'em oufomaysmufuif;apvdkaom pdwfqE´vnf;
vdefvdefxHwGif tNynfht0&Sdonf/
tu,f í rd r d \ aoG ; ud k a zmuf u m wd k u f v ª a uR;ygu vif x if c sd w f \ a&m*ga0'em
oufomaysmufuif;rnfqdkvQif vdefvdefonf aoG;udkazmufí wdkufauR;&ef toifhyif&Sdaeonf/ touft&G,fESifh
cE¨mudk,frvdkufatmif ydefvSDvSaom vifxifcsdwfudk tvGefoem;onf/ NzpfEdkifvQif rdrdom zsm;vkdufcsifawmhonf/
b,fvdkrS em;vnfwwfuRrf;Ncif; r&Sdaom aq;azmfpyfNcif;tvkyfudk pGefYpm;um vkyfae&onfhtwGuf vdefvdefrSm
tvGefyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeonf/
aq;udk rSm;,Gif;pGm azmfpyfrdygum aq;r[kwfbJ tqdyfoabmrsKd; NzpfoGm;Edkifonf/ vifxifcsdwf
'ku©a&mufrnfudkvnf; vdefvdefpkd;&drfonf/ rSefuefwdusaomaq;udkvnf; razmfpyfwwf/

124
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdefvdefaq;azmf&ef csDwkHcswkHNzpfaeonf/ onftwdkif;aer,fhtpm; vifxifcsdwf uHaumif;vQif
azmf p yf v k d u f o nf h aq;ES i f h w nf h c sif v nf ; wnf h o G m ;Ed k i f o nf / xk d o k d Y p Of ; pm;rd N yef o Nzif h aq;azmf p yf & ef
pdwfxufoefvmNyefonf/
temod v Qif aq;&S d o nf [ k qd k & d k ; pum;&S d a omf v nf ; vd e f v d e f r S m temud k a wG U NyD ; aq;ud k v nf ;
Nrifae&aomfvnf; temtaMumif; rodovdkaq;udkvnf; ra&G;wwfay/
bmyJNzpfNzpf taNctaet& pGeYf pm;vkyaf qmif&rnfrYkd vdev f ed o
f nf owfowfz,fxm;aom aq;td;k rsm;xJrS
y&aq;rsm;udk xyfrHa&G;xkwf aeNyefonf/
a&;aw;aw; ra&r&m pOf;pm;rdaom y&aq;rsm;\toGifESifh teHYrsm;udkrlwnfum aq;wpfzkHukd pGefYpm;um
azmfpyfvdkufonf/
]]t&Sifbk&m; ... wynfhawmfr[m aq;ynmudk wwfodem;vnfol r[kwfygbk&m;? wynfhawmf&JU
rsufpdatmufrSm a0'emcHpm;ae&&SmwJh vluav; vifxifcsdwfudk rMunfh&uf rNrif&ufawmhyg? a&m*ga0'emwdkYrS
oufomapvdkygNyDbk&m;? 'gaMumifh wynfhawmfrSwfrdoavmuf tawGUtMuKHeJY aq;wpfzkHazmfpyfygawmhr,f?
wynfhawmf&JU apwemarwåmrSefuefoefY&Sif;&if ,ckazmfpyfwJhaq;[m vifxifcsdwftwGuf tpGrf;xufNrufwJh
aq;aumif;wpfvuf Nzpfygapbk&m;}}
vdefvdefonf aq;azmfpyf&if; pdwfxJrS usdwfum opömqdk qkawmif;wdkifwnf aerdonf/
aq;azmf p yf N yD ; vQif aNcvS r f ; ',D ; ',d k i f E S i f h vif x if c sd w f & S d & mok d Y Nyef v mcJ h o nf / vd e f v d e f r S m
pdwftvGefvIyf&Sm;aeonfhtwGuf aNcvSrf;rsm; rSefrSefravQmufvSrf;EdkifbJ ',D;',kdif avQmufvSrf;aeNcif; Nzpf\/
vifxifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY vdefvdefNyefa&mufvmonf/
vifxifcsdwrf mS tem&Sed t f zsm;aMumifh w[if;[if;nnf;aeonf/ wpfu, kd vf ;Hk vnf; wqwfqwfwek , f ifí
aeonf/
]]vluav; ... x x? vlav;twGuf aq;azmfvmw,f? 'Daq;udk aomufvu kd &f if vlav;&JU tzsm;a0'emawG
aysmufoGm;rSmyg}}
aNymomaNymvkduf&\/ vdefvdef\toHrSm wkef,ifaeonf/ aq;udkudkifxm;onfh vdefvdef\vufrSmvnf;
wkefwkef,if,if Nzpfaeonf/
rdrdpdwfrSef;ESifh azmfpyfxm;onfhaq;onf vifxifcsdwfcHpm;ae&onfh a0'emESifh tpyfrwnfhbJ
rSm;,Gif;vGJacsmfaernfudk vdefvdef tvGefyifpdk;&drfrdonf/
aq;rSm;vQif ab;rsm;EdkifonfhtwGuf vdefvdefrSm yg;pyfrSaNymomaNymae&onf/ pdwfxJuawmh
txl;yifvIyf&Sm;í aeonf/
rdrdazmfpyfvmaom aq;tay: t,HktMunf enf;aeonf/
odkYaomf a0'emcHpm;ae&&Smaom vifxifcsdwfudk onftwdkif;xdkifum Munfhaeonfxuf pGefYpm;um
aq;wpfckckwdkufauR; MunfhNcif;u ydkrdktusKd;&SdEdkifonfhtwGuf vdefvdefonf t&JpGefY&ef qkH;Nzwfvdkufonf/
odkYESifh ...
]]vluav; yg;pyf[? aq;aomufr,fav? a':av;&JU NzLpifwJhapwem vluav;&JU ukokdvfuH
axmufraygif;pyfNyD; temeJYaq; wnfhygapuG,f}}
vdefvdefonf xdkokdYqkawmif;NyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwfudk xdkifvsufom;Nzpfatmif tomaz;rwGJxlNyD;
azmfpyfxm;aom aq;wpf0ufcefYudk wdkufauR;vdkufonf/
aq;wdkufauR;NyD;aemuf vdefvdefrSm ydkíyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/ vifxifcsdwfudk rsufawmifrcwfbJ
aoaocsmcsm tuJcwfMunfhaerdav\/
]]bk&m; bk&m; aq;0g;taMumif; em;rvnfbJ azmfpyfvmwJh igh&JUaq;[m vluav; vifxifcsdwf&JU
a0'emudk aysmufatmif vkyfEdkifyghrvm;? rwnfhwJhaq; Nzpfae&if tcufyJ}}
vdefvdef\pdwfxJwGif bk&m;w&if; pdk;&drfylyefpGm awG;awmaerdonf/
aq;aomufNyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwf\ wpfudk,fvkH;ydkí ylavmifvmonf/ ykdí wkef,ifvmonf/ acR;oD;
acR;aygufMuD;rsm; tawmfxGufvmNyD; wpfukd,fvkH; a&csKd;xm;ovdk &TJepfaeonf/
125
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rwfrwfyif rxkdifEdkifawmh/ ukd,fcE¨m acGaysmhusoGm;oNzifh vdefvdefonf uref;uwef; az;rvsuf
tomt,mvSJodyfay;vkduf&onf/
avmavmvwfvwfyif aq;u tpGrf;Nyvmonf/
vifxifcsdwf\yg;pyfrS usKdUxkd;ovdk toHrsm;ay:xGufvmonf/ ar;zsm; wqwfqwfvIyfum
rsufNzLvefvmonf/
]]tr,fav; ... 'ku©awmh NzpfukefygNyD}}
vdefvdefonf tvefYwMum; atmf[pf&if; ysm,mcwfoGm;onf/
bmvkyf&rnfrSef; rodawmh/ rsufvkH;rsm;rS rsuf&nfawGawGusum idk&Idufrdav\/
vifxifcsw d uf kd Munf&h onfrmS aq;aomufvu kd Nf yD;aemuf &ifxwJ iG f Aavmifqal tmif cHpm;ae&[efwo l nf/
vifxifcsdwf\ aNczsm;vufzsm;rsm; aumufauG;um wpfukd,fvkH;vnf; taMumqGJovdk qefYiifqefYif
Nzpfaeonf/
pifppf vdev f ed uf wwforQrSwo f rQESihf MudK;pm;um t&JpeG Yf azmfpyfvu dk o
f nfh aq;rsm;rSm rSm;,Gi;f Ncif;r&Srd eS ;f
vdefvdefrodcJhay/
tvGeftpGrf;xufNrufonfh toufu,faq; wpfrsKd;yifNzpfaeawmhonf/
okdY&mwGif aq;azmfpyfrI tcsKd;pm;rSm tvGefyif tm;Nyif;oGm;onf/
*lxJ&Sd y&aq;tm;vkH;rSm toufu,faq;rsm;csnf;Nzpfonf/ aq;taMumif;em;rvnfaom vdefvdef
&rf;orf;vkyfaeaomfvnf; vludk vkH;0raoapEdkifay/ aq;obm0ESifh &moDOwk obm0taNctaeudk Munfhum
pyfay;&rnfom Nzpf\/
vifxifcsdwfrSm tm;tifcsnfheJYí yifyef;EGrf;e,faeonfh vlrrm wpfa,mufNzpfonf/ toufuvnf;
i,f&G,fao;onf/
vdefvdefu 0rf;csdefYzdefudk wdkuf&ef azmfpyfxm;aom tcsKd;pm;rsKd; azmfpyfrdonf/ vifxifcsdwf\
touft&G,fudk rwGufqrd/
vdefvdef\aq;rSm tm;Nyif;oGm;onfhtNyif wdkufauR;vdkufonfh yrmPvnf; rsm;oGm;onf/
tu,f í aq;0g;taMumif ; wwf o d e m;vnf o nf h orm;awmf w pf a ,muf a ,muf o m
vdefvdefazmfpyfxm;onfhaq;ESifh wkdufauR;cJhonf yrmPudk awGUNrif&vQif tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;ayrnf/
vd e f v d e f a zmf p yf o nf h a q;ES i f h wd k u f a uR;cJ h o nf h yrmPrS m Nyif ; xef o G m ;onf / tm;tif o ef p G r f ; aom
a,musfm;MuD;wpfa,mufomvQif xdkaq;'Pfudk MuHYMuHUckdifEdkifpGrf; &Sdayrnf/
vdefvdefwpfa,muf aNcrudkifrdvufrudkifrd rsufvkH;tNyL;om;Nzifh pkd;&drfwMuD; MunfhaeqJrSmyif
taMumqGJovdk vIyf&Sm;aeaom vifxifcsdwfonf aysmhacGum NidrfusoGm;onf/
wpfukd,fvkH;vnf; aoG;qkwfoGm;ovdk NzLzyfNzLa&mf Nzpfvmonf/
vdefvdefonf xdktNzpfrsKd;udk wpfcgrQ MuKHcJhzl;olr[kwf bmrQ rvkyfwwfrudkifwwfbJ vifxifcsdwf\
ab;wGifxdkifum rdef;rwpfa,muf\ aemufqkH;enf;twdkif; &IdufMuD;wiif idkaMuG;avawmhonf/
]]vluav;a& ... vluav;a& ... a':av; ac:aewmMum;&JUvm;uG,f}}
vdefvdefonf vifxifcsdwfudk atmfac:Munfhonf/ vifxifcsdwf\udk,fudk qGJudkifvIyf,rf; Munfhonf/
]]bk&m; bk&m; ... igwdkufvdkufwm aq;r[kwfbJ tqdyfNzpfaeygyaumvm;? ig ig ... vifxifcsdwfav;udk
aoatmifvkyfvdkufrdNyD}}
xdkodkYawG;rdonfESifh vdefvdefrSm aqmufwnf&m r&Edkifawmhatmif ylaqG;aomu a&mufoGm;&onf/
vdefvdefonfvGefpGm aemifw&aeonf/ rdrdazmfpyfaomaq;udk t,kHMunfenf;aeaomfvnf; vifxifcsdwf
a0'emoufomapvdkaom apwemaMumifhom vuf&J&Jwdkufrdonf/
]]ighaMumifh olao&NyD? ighaMumifh ighaMumifh? &Sif;wmhcsef&JU tEÅ&m,fudkaMumufvkdY xGufaNy;vmEdkifayr,fh
ckawmhighvufcsufeJY olao&NyD}}
vdefvdefonf xkdpum;vkH;udk xyfcgwvJvJyif a&&Gwfaeonf/
udk,fhudk,fudk ,lusKH;r& Nzpfaerdaomfvnf; bmrQrwwfEdkifawmhNyD/
126
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdefvdefrSm pkd;&drfpdwfzdpD;rIaMumifh rMuKHpzl;atmif pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeonf/
pdwftpOfudk wnfNidrfatmif xdef;ír&/
acgif;xJwGif tm&kHtrsKd;rsKd; xif[yfum &IyfaxG;ae\/ pdk;&drfaomu vGefuJpGm cHpm;ae&\/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef;aomaMumifh aoG;vnfywfrIuvnf; rMuKHzl;atmif NrefvkdufaES;vdkufESifh y&rf;ywm Nzpfaeonf/
aoG;avvIyf&Sm;rI rlrrSefonfhtwGuf pdwfua,mufu,ufNzpfvmonf/
rdrdazmfpyfwdkufauR;vdkufaom aq;aMumifh vifxifcsdwf'ku©MuKH&onf[k vdefvdefwpfxpfcs ,lqaeonf/
xd,k ql csufukd olr\pdwu f vufrcHv/kd vdev f ed o
f nf tvdu
k of ad om vifxifcsdwuf kd tvGecf spfonf/ oem;onf/
vifxifcsdwftouf&Sifa&;? ab;tEÅ&m,fuif;Edkifa&;twGuf tNyif;txef MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
rdrdaMumifh vifxifcsdwf 'ku©MuKH&onfqdkaom tNzpfrsKd;udk vdefvdef\OD;aESmufu vufrcH/
odYk aomf vufawGUwGirf l rdrad zmfpyfwu kd af uR;vdu
k af omaq;udk aomufo;Hk NyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwf aysmhacGomG ;onfukd
rsuf0g;xifxif awGUNrifae&onf/
vdefvdef\acgif;xJwGif &IyfaxG;ukefonf/
aemufqkH;wGif pdwfvGefqGJrI'Pfudk rcHEdkifawmhbJ vdefvdefonf pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfum ausmuf*ltNyifodkY
aNy;xGufoGm;onf/
]]*sdrf; ... 'vdef; ... *sdrf; ...}}
vdefvdefwpfa,muf ausmuf*ltNyifokdY aNy;xGufoGm;csdefrSmyif rdk;Ncdrf;oHrsm; Nrnf[def;oGm;onf/
vQyfpD;rsm;uvnf;qufwdkuf 0if;ceJvufceJ vufvm\/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHESifh vQyfpD;rsm;u tqufrNywf xGufvm\/
vIyf&Sm;aeaom vdefvdef\pdwftpOfwdkYonf ykdí&IyfaxG;ukefonf/ pdwftm&kHudk rnfokdYrQ pkpnf;ír&atmif
Nzpfvmonf/ rdrdudk,frdrdvnf; bmudkrQ rodpGrf;Edkifaom av[me,fxJokdY vGifharsmoGm;onf[k cHpm;rdonf/
rdk;uvnf; tNidK;MuD;pGmyif oJoJrJrJ &Gmcsonf/
vdefvdefonf oJoJrJrJ &Gmcsaeaom rdk;a&rdk;pufrsm; tMum;wGif url;&SL;xdk;ESifh aNcOD;wnfh&m
aNy;xGufoGm;avawmhonf/

127
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (14)
rdk;onf w0kef;0kef;Nzifh onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;aeonf/ wpfcsufwpfcsufwGif vQyfpD;awGuvnf;
vif;ceJvufceJ/ oJoJrJrJ &GmoGef;aeaom rdk;pufrdk;aygufrsm;atmufwGif awmtkyfMuD;onf 0yfpif;aeonf/
awmtkyfwpfae&mwGif ausmuf*lwpfck&Sdonf/
ausmuf*lxJwGif rD;ykHwpfykH&Sdonf/
rD;awmufavmifum touf0ifaeaom rD;ykHr[kwfay/
rD;aoum NymykHb0odkY a&mufaeaom rD;ykHa[mif;wpfckom Nzpfonf/ NymykHwGif tylaiGUr&Sdawmh/
rD;ykHab;em;wGif toufq,fESpft&G,fcefY&Sd vli,fav;wpfa,muf vJavsmif;vsuf&Sdaeonf/
touf u if ; rJ h o nf h t vm; Nid r f o uf p G m vJ a vsmif ; vsuf & S d a eaom vl i ,f a v;onf &k w f w &uf
vIyf&Sm;vmonf/
xdkvli,fav;rSm vifxifcsdwfyif Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tcsdefMumNrifhpGm owdvpf arhaNrmae&mrS,ck Nyefvnfowd&vmayNyD/
owdNyef&vmonfEiS hf 0rf;Adu k x
f w
J iG f rD;uscD uJ kd rsKx
d m;&ovdk ylNyif;avmifNrdKufru
I kd tvsiOf ;D pGm cHpm;&onf/
NyD;awmh a&tvGefiwfaeonf/
]]a& ... a& ... a':av; ... a& aomufcsifw,f}}
vifxifcsdwfu aNcmufuyfaeaom EIwfcrf;vTmESpfckudk vIyf&Sm;um nnf;wGm;vkdufonf/
olUtoHrSm wdk;nif;avonf/ tm;aysmhvSonf/
a':av;vdefvdefu ausmykd;um onf*lxJodkY ac:vmNyD;aemuf aq;azmfpyfwdkufauR;cJhonfudkawmh
vifxifcsdwfrSwfrdonf/
aemufydkif; tNzpfawGudkrl bmrQrodawmh/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; owdNyef&vmum a&tvGefiwfvSonfwGif vdefvdefudk wrf;wnnf;wGm; rdNcif;Nzpfonf/
vdefvdef\ Nyefxl;oHudk rMum;&/
128
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vifxifcsdwfonf aemufwpfMudrf tm;wif;um ac:MunhfNyefonf/
]]a':av; ... a&aomufcsifw,f? uRefawmfhudk a&wpfcGufavmufwkdufyg}}
vifxifcsdwrf mS tvGeyf iftm;enf;aeonf/ EIwcf rf;av; vIyo f nfq&dk rHk Qom a&&GwEf ikd \
f / olUtoHrmS vnf;
tvGefyifwdk;nif;vSonf/
ola&&Gwfvdkufonfh pum;oHonf olomvQif Mum;Edkif&kHrQ Nzpfaeonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tm;Nyif;vSaomaq;udk yrmPrsm;Nym;pGm aomufokH;cJhNyD; owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;onfhwdkif
ukodkvfuHaxmufraomaMumifh aouHra&mufcJh&ay/
olYudk toufu,fvdkufonfrSm oJoJrJrJESifh rpJatmif &GmoGef;csvdkufaom rdk;aMumifh[k qdk&rnf/
vd e f v d e f a zmf p yf w d k u f a uR;vd k u f o nf r S m tpG r f ; xuf N ruf a om aq;0g;trS e f N zpf a omf v nf ; twd k i f ; tq
rsm;vSaomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfrSm aq;'PfNzifh tylNyefum owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;onf/
aq;tpGrf;aMumifh udk,fcE¨mtwGif; aoG;vnfywfrI tvGeftm;aumif;vmum udk,ftylcsdefvnf; txl;yif
Nrifhrm;vmonf/
þtcsdew f iG f rd;k uoJorJ rJ J &Gmcsvmonf/ rd;k a&rsm;\yufzsef;rIaMumifh ausmuf*Ml uD;onf at;pdro hf mG ;onf/
rdk;qufwkduf oJoJrJrJ&Gmcsvm&m ausmuf*lonf ydkíat;pdrfhvm&kHru at;pdrfhrIudkvnf; wm&Snfvmaponf/
xdkat;pdrfhrIonf vifxifcsdwf\ udk,fcE¨mrS tylNyefaerIudk xdef;nSday;ovdk NzpfoGm;onf/
aq;t&Sdefudkvnf;nSdum xdef;ay;vdkufonfh oabmrsKd;rdkY vifxifcsdwfonf cHpm;ae&aom tzsm;a0'emrSm
oufomvmovdkvdk&SdNyD; owdNyef&vmcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
tu,fí rdk;om oJoJrJrJESifh tcsdefMumNrifhpGm qufwdkuf&GmoGef;csNcif; r&SdvQif vifxifcsdwfonf
tylNyefrI'Pfudk rcHEdkifawmhbJ toufaoqkH;&rnf rvGJay/
owdNyef&vmonfESifh vifxifcsdwf\&ifxJwGif ylavmifaeonf/ a&iwfvSaomaMumifh olYa':av;
vdefvdefudk wrf;wrdonf/ a&aomufvdkaMumif; aNymMum;rdonf/
owd & vmNyD N zpf a omf v nf ; tm;tif , k w f a vsmh e nf ; yg; aeaomaMumif h vif x if c sd w f \ toH r S m
wdk;nif;vSayonf/
a&aomufcsifpdwf rrsKdodyfEdkifaomfvnf; cHpm;ae&aoma0'emonf tapmydkif;uxuf oufomvmovdk
cHpm;rdonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf acwåtem;,l tarmaNzNyD;aemuf wpfMudrfxyfrH aNymvdkufNyefonf/
]]a':av;vdefvdef? uRefawmf a&aomufcsifw,f}}
onfwpfcgwGif vifxifcsdwf\ toHonf apmapmuxuf tenf;i,fydkus,fvmonf/
odkYaomf vdefvdef\ Nyefxl;oH rMum;&/
vdefvdef\ vIyf&Sm;rIudkvnf; rawGU&/
vifxifcsdwfonf ywf0ef;usifudk pl;prf;Munfhvkdufonf/
rD;ykHrSm rD;aoaeNyD/ ausmuf*lxJwGif arSmif&dyfrsm; vTrf;rdk;aeonf/
NrifuGif;u odyfraumif;/
bmudkrQ oJoJuGJuGJ rNrif&/
vifxifcsdwf\ em;xJwGifrl oJoJrJrJ &GmoGef;csaeavaom rdk;&GmoHrsm;udkom Mum;ae&onf/
ausmuf*ltxufydkif;qDrS ,dkpdrfh0ifvmMu[efwlaom rdk;a&wkdYonf ausmuf*l\ ae&mtcsKdUwGif
wpufpufusí aeonf/
a&iwfaeolwdkYonf a&pufusoH a&pD;oHMum;&mbufokdYoGm;Muonfh "r®wmtwdkif; &ifxJwGifylavmifum
a&iwfaeaom vifxifcsdwfonfvnf; a&pufrsm;usae&mbufqDokdY Nznf;Nznf;csif; oGm;rdonf/
tiftm;tvGefenf;yg;aecsdefrdkY vifxifcsdwfrSm vrf;avQmufíoGm;EdkifNcif; r&Sday/
yufvufvSef vJavsmif;vsufom; &Sdae&mrS yxrqkH; arSmufvsufom;Nzpfatmif t&ifMudK;yrf;&onf/
tvG , f w ul a wmh NyKvk y f í r&/ yuf v uf r S arS m uf v suf N zpf a tmif N yKvk y f & onf h &d k ; pif ; vS a om
vIyf&Sm;rIav;udkyif tyef;MuD;pGm MudK;pm;ae&onf/
129
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
a&tvGefiwfaeonfhtcsdef waygufayguf a&usoHuqGJaqmifvIHUaqmfaeonfhtwGuf MudK;pm;tm;cJum
vIyf&Sm;ae&Ncif;Nzpfonf/ pifppf vifxifcsdwfonf vkH;0vIyf&Sm;vdkpdwfr&Sd/
vI y f & S m ;vd k u f & onf u d k arm[k d u f a eonf / wpf u k d , f v k H ; &S d taMumrsm;onf opf o m;acsmif ; rsm;
xdk;oGif;xm;ovdk awmifhawmifhMuD; Nzpfae\/
rnfoYdk yifqakd p vifxifcsdwo f nf ZGrJ mefNynf0h aom vli,fwpfa,mufNzpfonft h wdik ;f ravsmhaomZGrJ mefNzifh
MudK;yrf;vdkuf&m aemufqkH;wGif yufvufrS arSmufvsuftaetxm;odkY a&mufatmif aNymif;vJvdkufEdkifonf/
arSmufvsuftaetxm; NzpfoGm;aomfvnf; a&SUokdYwGm;oGm;Ncif; rNyKEdkifao;/ tarmaNzae&ao;onf/
ol\nmvufrSm &ifbwfatmufwGif zduyfrdvsufom; Nzpfae&m awmfawmfESifh qGJxkwfr&cJhay/
b,fbufvufukd ausmuf*Ml urf;NyifwiG f axmufumMudK;pm;tm;NyKvsuf &ifbwfuMkd uGapNyD;rS cJc, J Of;,Of;
qGJxkwf,l&onf/
vufESpfzuf vGwfvGwfuRwfuRwf xGufvmí xyfrHtarmaNzNyD; touf&ªrSefvmaomtcgwGifrS
vifxifcsdwfonf a&pufa&aygufusaom ae&mbufokdY a&SU&Ium 0rf;vsm;xdk;wGm;oGm;onf/
a&puf a &ayguf r sm;usonf h a e&mud k rsuf p d N zif h Nrif & aomaMumif h r[k w f / wayguf a yguf N zif h
a&pufrsm;usaeoHudk em;pGifhum rSef;qoGm;ae&Ncif; Nzpfonf/
wpfvufra&GUvsm;&ef txl;yif MudK;yrf;&onf/ wpfvufravmuf a&GUvsm;oGm;rIu vifxifcsdwftzdkY
MuD;rm;aom atmifNrifwkd;wufrINzpfaeonf/
xdkokdYwGm;oGm;&if; rdrd\teD;tem;wGif vdefvdef &SdraeaMumif;udk olowdNyKrdonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif vdefvdefonf pm;aomufzG,f&m wpfckckudk oGm;a&muf&SmazG&ef *lNyifokdYxGufoGm;onf[kom
xifrdaeonf/
vifxifcsdwf owdvpfaeonfrdkY vdefvdef\tNzpfudk rodao;ay/
a&pufa&aygufrsm; usaeonfh toHae&mESifh odyfawmh tvSrf;ra0;vSay/ q,fayomomcefYom
&Sdawmhonf/
xdkq,fayrQaom tuGmta0;rsm vifxifcsdwftwGuf rdkifwpf&mausmfuGmaom c&D;Murf;MuD;udk
oGm;&onfxuf yifyef;aeonf/
wa&GUa&GUoGm;vkduf? em;aevkdufESifh wNznf;Nznf;csif; vmcJh&m aemufqkH;wGif a&pufa&aygufrsm;?
usaeonfhae&modkY a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhonf/
rd;k &Gmwdik ;f xdak e&mwGif a&pufa&aygufrsm; usc[ hJ efwo
l nf/ ausmufom;Murf;NyifwiG f csKid chf uG vf kd Nzpfaeum
a&rsm;onf xdkcsKdifhcGufxJü tNynfhyif&Sdaeonf/
a&iwfaeaom vifxifcsdwfonf csKdifhcGufxJ&Sda&rsm;udk tm;yg;w&yif aomufvdkufonf/
a&uMunfvifNyD; at;NroefYpifonf/
at;Nraoma&rsm;udk t0aomufvdkuf&onfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif ayghyg;vef;qef;vm\/
cGeftm;rsm;vnf; wkd;yGm;vmonf[k pdwfxJrS xifrdonf/
a&onf ouf&SdwdkY\ touf&Sifa&;ESifh tm;tifwkd;yGm;a&;wGif r&SdrNzpfaomt&m Nzpfonf/ a&iwfygu
tm;tif u k e f c rf ; NyD ; touf a oqk H ; Ed k i f o vd k a&ud k r QwpG m aomuf o k H ; ygu tarmtyef ; aNyum
tm;tifNynfh0apEdkifayonf/
a&udktm;&yg;& aomufokH;NyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwfonf tomvJavsmif; tyef;aNzonf/
a&iwfaNyoGm;onfhtcg AdkufxJu qmavmifvmNyefonf/
xdkYaMumifh [kd[kdonfonf rsufpdupm;Munfhonf/ a&udk 0atmifaomufvdkuf&NyD;? tawmfoifhvnf;
tarmaNyoGm;NyDrdkY vifxifcsdwf\ tNriftm&kH tawmfaumif;vmonf/ *lxJwGif tvif;a&miftm;enf;vSaomfvnf;
arSmifxJwGifusifhom;&aeaom vifxifcsdwf\rsufvkH;rsm;u 0dk;wdk;0g;wm; NrifEdkifaeNyD/
vifxifcsdw\ f ESmacgif;0wGif rkeYf aNcmufeYH EiS hf tom;aNcmufteHYrsm; &SLrdonf/ xdt k eHYrsm;ay:vm&mbufoYkd
pl;prf;Munfh&Ivdkuf&m txkyfwpfckESifh a&bl;udk Nrifvdkufonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf xdktxkyf&Sd&modkY wNznf;Nznf; csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
130
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktxkyfrSm vdefvdefcsxm;aom &du©maNcmufrsm;xnfhxm;onfh txkyfNzpfonf/
txkyfudk aNzMunfh&m txJwGif tom;aNcmufrsm; rkefYaNcmufrsm;ponfwdkYudk awGU&onf/
vifxifcsw d o f nf rkeYf aNcmuftenf;i,fukd pm;aomufum 0rf;Nznfv h u
kd o
f nf/ qmavmifr'I Pf wNznf;Nznf;
avsmhvm\/
Adkuftawmfoifh NynfhoGm;onfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwfrSm tm;tif&Sdvmonf/
useftxkyfudk zGifhMunfh&m rD;cwfausmufESifh a&TMudK;rsm;? a&T'*Fg;rsm;? aiG'*Fg;rsm;udk awGU&onf/
rD;ykHrSm rD;Nidrf;aeNyD? rD;ykHa[mif;teD;wGif vdefvdef&SmazGxm;aom xif&SL;udkif;aNcmufrsm;udk pkykHum
rD;cwfausmufNzifh rD;cwfí rD;ykHwpfck NyKvkyfvdkufonf/
rD;t&Sed &f vmaomtcg tom;aNcmufwpfcu k kd rD;zkwNf yD; tm;&yg;&yif pm;aomufonf/ pm;aomufNyD;aemuf
a&udk w0aomufvdkufNyefonf/
]]igtawmf h u d k aeaumif ; vmNyD ? a':av;vd e f v d e f Nyef v mvd k Y igaexd k i f a umif ; aewmawG U &if
odyf0rf;omoGm;rSmyJ}}
vifxifcsdwfonf xdkokdYawG;um vdefvdefNyeftvmudk apmifhaeonf/
tcsdefom wa&GUa&GU ukefoGm;onf/
vdefvdefuawmh vifxifcsdwfapmifhaeaom ausmuf*lMuD;odkY Nyefrvmao;ay/
wpf&uf ukefvGefoGm;onf/
ESpf&uf ukefvGefoGm;onf/
wpf&ufNyD;wpf&ufESifh tcsdefawG ukefqkH;oGm;&m ig;&ufyif&SdoGm;avNyD/
vifxifcsdwfonf ausmuf*lxJrS tNcm;rnfonfh ae&modkYrQroGm;bJ vdefvdef Nyeftvmudk apmifhaeonf/
ausmuf*lxJwGif a&tvkHtavmuf&SdonfhtNyif &du©maNcmufrsm;vnf; &SdaeaomaMumifh
vifxifcsdwftzdkY pm;a&;aomufa&; tcuftcJ r&SdcJhay/
ig;&ufwdkifwkdif ukefvGefoGm;aomfvnf; vdefvdefay:rvmonfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwf pkd;&drfylyefvmonf/
ausmuf * l x J w G i f & S d a eaom opf u d k i f ; aNcmuf r sm;vnf ; uk e f o G m ;NyD / opf u d k i f ; aNcmuf t opf &S m azG & ef E S i f h
ywf0ef;usiftaNctaeudk avhvmMunfhEdkif&eftwGuf vifxifcsdwfonf ausmuf*lMuD;\ tNyifbufokdY
xGufvmcJhonf/
*l t Nyif b uf a &muf í ywf 0 ef ; usif a wmawmif a &aNrwd k Y ud k Nrif & aomtcg vif x if c sd w f
xdwfvefYtHhMooGm;&onf/
vlolreD;onfh awmMuD;xJwGif a&mufaerSef; ,ckrSyif olod&awmhonf/
vdefvdefu þae&mta&muf ac:aqmifvmcJhcsdefwGif vifxifcsdwfrSm tzsm;'PfaMumifh owdvpfaecJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh b,fae&mb,fpcef; a&mufcJhonfudk rodcJhay/
owdNyef&vmNyD; aemufydkif;tcsdefwGifvnf; vifxifcsdwfonf *lxJwGifom aexkdifcJhonf/ tNyifodkY
rxGufcJhonfhtwGuf rdrda&mufaeonfhae&m\ ywf0ef;usif taNctaeudk rod&SdcJhay/
rdrdwdkYa&mufaeaom ae&monf vlae&yf&GmESifh reD;ra0;wGifNzpfrnf[k vifxifcsdwf xifaecJhonf/
,ck v d k * l t Nyif b uf o d k Y xG u f u m pl ; prf ; Munf h a omtcgwG i f r l vl o l r eD ; aom awmMuD ; xJ w G i f
a&mufaerSe;f od&um tHMh oxdwv f efYrNd cif; Nzpfayonf/ "a':av;vdev f ed [
f m ightwGuv f tkd yfwmawGukd vdu k &f mS &if;
rsufpdvnfNyD; 'D*ludk rNyefwwfbJ Nzpfaewmvm; rodbl;"
vifxifcsdwo f nf uav;wpfa,mufyyD D xdo k Ydk awG;awmNyD; &Sod rQaom pm;eyf&u d m© wdYk ukd NcKd;NcHpm;aomufum
vdefvdefNyeftvmudk ausmuf*lrSyif qufapmifhaeNyefonf/
aemufxyf ig;&uftcsdefukefvGef oGm;Nyefonf/
oltarQmfMuD;arQmfaeaom vdefvdefum; Nyefa&mufrvmcJhay/
þwGif vifxifcsdwfonf rdrd\toufocif aus;Zl;&SifNzpfaom vdefvdefudk vdkufvH&SmazG&ef qkH;NzwfNyD;
&du©maNcmufvufusefESifh a&TaiGypönf;rsm;udk xkyfydk;um yckH;wGif vG,fvsuf xdkausmuf*lrS xGufvmcJhav\/

131
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vifxifcsdwfonf awmawmifxJwGif vdefvdefudk vdkufvH&SmazGonf/
wae0if waexGuf aeYpOf&ufquf vkdufvH&SmazGonf/ ntcsdefrsm;wGif opfyifrsm;ay:wGif Nzpfap?
obm0*lrsm;xJwGif Nzpfap em;aetdyfpufonf/
&ufMumvmonfhtcg olYwGifygvmaom &du©maNcmufrsm;ukefoGm;onf/
þwGif vifxifcsdwfonf awmxJwGif aygufa&mufaeaom opfoD;rsm;rS pm;aumif;rnfh opfoD;rsm;udk
a&G;cs,fum pm;aomufonf/ yxrqkH; wpfukdufESpfudkufcefY Nrnf;prf;pm;Munfhonf/ cg;vQif rpm;awmhbJ
axG;xkwfypfonf/
csKdNrdefum pm;ít&om&SdygrS qufvufpm;aomufonf/
awmawmifxJwGif vSnfhvnfoGm;vm&if; awmawmifa&aNr obm0ywf0ef;usif taNctaeudkvnf;
pl;prf;tuJcwfonf/ xl;Ncm;csufawGUvQif rSwfom;xm;onf/
okdYNzifh vdefvdefudkvdkuf&Sm&if; a&aNrawmawmifwkdY\ obm0rsm;udk tawmfyif usufrdem;vnfvm&onf/
vl o l u if ; a0;aom Nrif h r m;onf h opf y if M uD ; rsm; tk y f t k y f q d k i f ; qk d i f ; ayguf a eaom awmtk y f M uD ; xJ w G i f
a&&monfhOD;wnfcsuf r&SdbJ tazmfrygwpfa,mufwnf; vSnfhvnfoGm;vm&if; vifxifcsdwf\ b0tNrifonf
wpp &ifhusufvmcJhonf/
rdrdonf olwpfyg;udk rSDckdtm;xm;ae&onfh uav;wpfa,mufr[kwfawmhaMumif; odvmonf/
rd r d u k d , f rd r d t m;ud k ; um &if q d k i f & rnf h b0vrf ; tcuf t cJ r sm;ud k MuH U MuH U cd k i f c k d i f E S i f h
Nzwfausmf&awmhrnfudkvnf; tvdkvdk od&Sdvmonf/
aNrydkif&Sif olaX;MuD;&Sif;wmhcsef\ aetdrfwGif rsufpdoli,fem;oli,fESifh ckdudk;aexdkifcJh&onfh vli,fav;
vifxifcsdwf\b0onf ta&cGHvJaom a>rwpfaumifuJhokdY b0vrf;udk qufavQmufae&\/ cRwfcGmcsxm;cJhaom
ta&cGHyrm &Sif;wmhcseftdrfwGif tvkyform;av;\b0rSm usef&pfcJhavNyD/
,ckvdk vlreD;olreD; awmMuD;rsufrnf;xJwGif obm0ab;tEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,fwdkYudk wpfudk,fwnf;
&ifqikd &f if; Murf;wrf;aom b0vrf;udk avQmufvrS ;f &vdrrhf nf[k vifxifcsw d \ f pdwx
f w
J iG f tdyrf ufyif rrufczhJ ;l ay/
pOf;vnf; rpOf;pm;cJhzl;ay/
þuJhokdYaom taNctaersm;udk rdrdtaeESifh b,fenf;ESifhrQ &ifqdkifausmfvTm;EdkifpGrf;r&Sd [k olxifrdonf/
odkYaomf ...
wu,fwrf; vufawGU&ifqdkif&onfh tcgwGifrl rdrdwGif tHhMozG,f&m aumif;avmufatmifyif
obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk MuHUMuHUcdik cf ikd f &ifqikd Ef ikd o f nfh pGr;f &nfowård sm; &Sad eonfukd vifxifcsw d f awGUvm&onf/
tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm;udk awGUMuKH&ifqdkif&onfhtcgrsm;wGif ckdifrmaompdwf"mwf? ravsmhaomZGJrmefwdkYNzifh
Mud K ;pm;rnf q d k y gu atmif N rif a usmf v T m ;Ed k i f o nf r S m vl o m;wk d Y \ twd k i f ; tqNyKNcif ; iS m rpG r f ; omaom
pGrf;&nfMuD;wpf&yfyif Nzpfayonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf toufi,f&G,fol wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
pmayynmudkvnf; aumif;pGm roifMum;cJh&ay/
tawGUtMuKH A[kokwvnf; enf;yg;onf/
odkY&mwGif vufawGUoifcef;pmrsm;rSmrl touft&G,fESifh rrQatmifyif &&Sdaeonf/
vif x if c sd w f t zd k Y aeYpOf a eYwk d i f ; tcsd e f w d k i f ; tcsd e f w k d i f ; onf obm0ab;tEÅ & m,f r sm;ud k
&ifqdkif&kef;uefae&onfh tcsdefawGom NzpfaecJhonf/
avmuMuD;taMumif;udk vufawGUavhvm ynmqnf;yl;aeonfh oabmrsKd;yif Nzpfaeonf/
wpfaeYxufwpfaeY a&aNrawmawmifobm0 ywf0ef;usiftaMumif;udk vifxifcsdwf ydkíem;vnfvmonf/
rdrdudk,frdrd ,kHMunfrIpdwf"mwfrsm;rSmvnf; wpf&ufxufwpf&uf ydkrdkMuYHcdkif Nynfh0vmonf/
vlom;wpfa,muftzdkY rdrdukd,frdrd ,kHMunftm;udk;Ncif;onf tvGefta&;MuD;vSaom pdwf"mwfpGrf;tifyif Nzpfonf/
rdrdudk,frdrd ,kHMunfpdwfcsonfh pdwf"mwftNynfht0ESifh vkyfief;wpfckuk vkyfaqmifrnfqdkvQif
xdkvkyfief;pwifonfh tcsdefrSmyif vkyfief;wpf0uf atmifNrifNyD;aNrmufaeNyD[k qdkEdkifonf/

132
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vufawGUtawGUtMuKH\ oifMum;avhusifhay;rIaMumifh tNrifus,fum &ifhusufvmaom vifxifcsdwfonf
ywf0ef;usif a&aNrawmawmif obm0taNctaewkdY tay:wGif NrifaomtNrifvnf; aNymif;vJoGm;cJhonf/
opfMuD;0g;MuD;rsm; tkyftkyfqdkif;qdkif; aygufa&mufaom? awmifpG,fawmifwef;txyfxyfwdkY 0ef;&Htyfaom
awmwef;awmifpG,fwdkYudk aMumufrufzG,f&m[k rNrifawmh/
a&aNrawmawmif obm0ywf0ef;usifonf vSyNyD; ESpfvkdzG,f&maumif;vSaMumif; tNrifaNymif;vmcJhonf/
[kwfonf/
obm0rdcifonf a&aNrawmawmifwkdYNzifh urÇmavmuudk tvSqifxm;ayonf/
aumif;uifonf Nym\/
wdrfom;wdkYu NzL\/ opfyif0g;yifwkdYonf pdrf;vef;\/
Nrpfurf;yg;wdkYrS oJaomifwdkYurl 0gxdefaomta&mif &Sdaeonf/
awmifpG,f awmifwef;wdkYonf av;eufMuYHcdkifonfh o&kyfudkazmfaeNyD; avwdkuf&m ,drf;EGJUvIyf&Sm;aeonfh
NrufyifcsKHyifrsm;uawmh aysmhEGJYonfh oabmudk wifNyaeonf/
Nymaomta&mif? NzLaomta&mif? pdrf;aomta&mif? 0gaomta&mif aumif;uifESifhwdrfwdkufrsm?
opfyifESifhNrpfacsmif;rsm; ponfponfwdkYonf pdwfudkMunfEl;Edkifonfh obm0tvStyrsm; NzpfaMumif;ESifh
xdkawmawmifa&aNr obm0ywf0ef;usifrS vlom;wdkYtwGuf tusKd;aus;Zl;&SdEdkifrnfh aq;yif? tpm;taomufponf
ponfwkdY aNymrukefatmif &,lokH;pGJEdkifaMumif;udk vifxifcsdwf odNrifvmonf/
vifxifcsdwf udk,fwdkifyif awmawmifxJwGif obm0tavsmuf oD;yGifha0qmaeaom opfoD;0vHrsm;udk
pm;aomufum obm0tavsmuf Nzpfay:aeonfh prf;a&MunfwdkYudk aomufokH;í touf&Sifoef aecJh&onf
r[kwfygvm;/

--------------------------------------------------------

naecif;tcsdefü Nzpfonf/
aerif;onf taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wGif ar;wifvsuf&SdaeavNyD/
vifxifcsdwfonf awmifaMumav;wpfckay:wGif NidrfoufpGm rwfwyf&yfaeonf/
avu wokefokef wdkufcwfvsuf&Sdonf/
awmxJ awmifxJwGif wpfa,mufwnf; aecJh&onfhtwGuf tm;i,fpdwf? aMumufvefYpdwfrsm;
yaysmufomG ;NyD Nzpfaomfvnf; wpfu, dk w f nf; txD;usefqefaeonfh tm;i,fpw d uf akd wmh aNzazsmufí r&Edik af o;ay/
vifxifcsdwfonf rdbrJhwpfaumifMuGuf b0rsKd;Nzifh MuD;Nyif;vmcJh&ol Nzpfaomfvnf; ,ckvdk
txD;usefb0rsKd;udkawmh ,cifu rcHpm;cJh&zl;ay/
,cif u qk d v Qif ol Y y wf 0 ef ; usif w G i f tNcm;ol r sm;&S d a ecJ h M uonf / xd k v l r sm;onf ol Y t ay:wG i f
pmemMuif e mNcif ; r&S d M uonf N zpf a pumrl vif x if c sd w f t zd k Y wpf a ,muf x D ; wnf ; touf & S i f a e&onf h
cHpm;rIrsKd;rNzpfay:cJhay/
,ckawmawmifxw J iG f wpfa,mufwnf;&Sad eNyD; pum;aNymazmfr&So d nft
h wGuf txD;usefqefaom cHpm;rIukd
cHpm;ae&onfrSm rqef;ay/
odkYaomf vifxifcsdwf pdwf"mwfrusay/
wpfa,mufwnf; Nzpfaomfvnf; tm;i,fpdwfudk csKd;ESdrfxm;\/
rdrdudk,frdrd tm;udk;wwfaompdwf? tcuftcJudk &ifqdkifausmfNzwf&JaomZGJ? aMumufvefYtm;i,fpdwf
r&Sdawmhonfh owdårmefwdkYudk b0tawGUtMuKHu vifxifcsdwfudk ay;tyfcJhavNyD/
us,fNyefYxlxyfvSaom awmeufawmifwef;MuD; tv,fwGif wpfa,mufwnf; &yfaeonfhtcsdefwGif
tazmfrJhum txD;usefqefrIudk cHpm;ae&aomfvnf; vifxifcsdwfonf &ifaumhum rm;rm;rwfrwfyif &yfaeonf/
vlom;wpfa,muftzdkY ywf0ef;usif todkif;t0dkif;\ ulnDaz;rrIrsm; vdktyfonfrSm rSefaomfvnf;
wu,fwrf; b0c&D;vrf;udk avQmufvSrf;&onfhtcgwGifrl rdrdaNcaxmufay: rdrd&yfNyD; rdrdudk,frdrd tm;udk;um
133
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ravsmhaomZGJ? vkHYv? ckdifrmaomowdåtm;rmefwdkYNzifh &kef;uef&rnfqdkNcif;udkvnf; tvkdvdk b0ay;todNzifh
oabmayguf em;vnfvmonf/
þodkYaom &ifhusufonfh todpdwfaMumifh vifxifcsdwfonf vlopfpdwfopf b0opf topfwpfzef
arG;vmovdkvdk cHpm;ae&onf/
awmxJwGif wpfa,mufwnf; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmae&aomfvnf; pdwfysuftm;i,fNcif; r&Sdawmhay/
olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsef\ aetdrfwGif olrsm;rsufESmMunfhum rvGwfrvyfae&onf/ vkyfcsifwmrvkyf&yJ
pd w f u sOf ; MuKwf p G m aexd k i f c J h & onf E S i f h p mvQif us,f N yef Y aom awmtk y f x J w G i f pd w f v G w f v uf v G w f
rdrdpdwfwdkif;usoGm;vm aexdkif&onfudk oabmusonf/
aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufqkH;oGm;aom a':av;vdefvdeftaMumif; pOf;pm;rdonfhtcsdefrsm;wGifom
0rf;enf;&onf/ ylaqG;&onf/
,aeYtxd a':av;vdefvdefudk &SmrawGUao;ay/
a':av;vdefvdef aysmufqkH;aeonfrSm vifxifcsdwftwGuf tvGefyiftawG;&cufaom ya[VdMuD;
wpfckNzpfaeonf/
vdefvdef b,fa&mufaeoenf;/
vifxifcsdwf rodwwfyg/
vdefvdef toufaoqkH;oGm;NyDvm;/
vifxifcsdwf raNymEdkifyg/
vdefvdef touf&Sifaevsuf &Sdao;vm;/
vifxifcsdwf rcefYrSef;wwfyg/
vifxifcsdwftzdkY a':av;vdefvdef aysmufqkH;aeNcif;udkom aocsmrwfcs aNymEdkifonf/
NyD;awmh a':av;vdefvdefom touf&Sifvsuf&SdaeygvQif wpfaeYr[kwfwpfaeY awGU&rnf[kvnf;
vifxifcsdwf xifxm;onf/
vifxifcsdwfESifh vdefvdefwdkY NyefvnfqkHEdkifMuygrnfavm/

134
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (15)
wpfae0ifwpfaexGuf vdev f ed u
f v
kd u
kd v
f H &SmazGaecJah om vifxifcsdwo f nf wpfaeYwiG f NrdKUuav;wpfNrdKUodYk
a&muf&Sdvm\/
olonf awmawmifxJwGif wpfESpfausmfMumatmif w0Jvnfvnf vSnfhywfoGm;vmcJhonf/ ,aeYwGifrS
vlae&yf&GmodkY a&muf&SdvmcJh&m pdwfxJwGif topftqef;vdkyif Nzpfae&onf/ awmawmifxJwGif Nzpfovdk
pm;aomufcJh&onfhtwGuf vlae&yf&GmokdYa&mufonfESifh pm;aumif;aomufzG,frsm;udk 0,f,lpm;aomuf&ef
vifxifcsdwfu pdwful;rdonf/ xkdYaMumifh pm;aomufqkdifudk vdkuf&SmMunfhonf/ trJtlNyKwfqdkifwpfqdkifudk
tvG,fyifawGU&av\/
oif;ysHUaeaom trJtlNyKwfteHYu vifxifcsdwfudk oGm;&nf,dkvmaponf/
qdkifwGif pm;aomufolrsm;vnf; &Sif;aeonfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwfonf aiG'*Fg;wpfNym;udk xkwf,lum
nmvufwGifqkyfudkifNyD; qdkifxJokdY 0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
]]tbMuD; trJtlNyKwfwpfyef;uef pm;csif&if 'DaiG'*Fg;wpfNym;eJY 0,fpm;vdkY&ygw,faemf}}
vifxifcsdwfu nmvufwGif qkyfudkifvmaom aiG'*Fg;Nym;udk NzefYNyNyD; trJtlNyKwfqdkif&Sif tbkd;MuD;udk
ar;vdkufonf/
qd k i f & S i f t bd k ; MuD ; rS m &d k ; om;NyD ; pd w f a umif ; &S d o l N zpf o nf / vif x if c sd w f \ ar;Nref ; yk H u d k M unf h u m
&dk;taomvli,fav; wpfa,mufNzpfaMumif;vnf; em;vnfvdkufonf/
]][m ... &wmayghuG,f? &wmaygh? iguawmif rif;udk toNymawG Nyeftrf;&OD;rSm? uJ xdkif xdkif}}
qdkif&Siftbdk;MuD;u NyefaNymonf/
vifxifcsw d o
f nf pm;yGcJ &Hk n S Mf uD;a&SUwGif cif;xm;onfh xdik cf rHk sm;teufrS xdik cf wHk pfv;Hk wGif 0ifxidk v f u kd o
f nf/
qdik &f iS t f bd;k MuD;u taiGYwaxmif;axmif; xaeaom trJtNl yKwfyef;uefukd vifxifcsw d af &SUwGif csay;onf/
vif x if c sd w f o nf tm;&yg;&pm;ypf v d k u f & m trJ t l N yKwf y ef ; uef o nf wpf c PtwG i f ; rS m yif
wufwufpifatmif aNymifoGm;onf/
135
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]odyfpm;vkdYaumif;wmyJ bbMuD;&,f? aemufxyfwpfyGJ ay;ygOD;}}
vifxifcsdwfu xyfrHrSmMum;vdkufonf/
qdkif&Siftbkd;MuD;onf trJtlNyKwf wpfyef;uefxyfrH Nyifqifay;NyD; ...
]]rif;rSm aiGtoNymawG&SdvsufeJY bmaMumifh t0wftpm; pkwfpkwfNywfNywf a[mif;a[mif;EGrf;EGrf;awG
0wfxm;&wmvJ? t0wftpm;aumif;aumif;awG 0,f0wfygvm;uG,fh}}
vifxifcsdwfu bmrQraNymbJ tomyifNyKH;um trJtlNyKwfudk tm;&yg;& pm;aomufaeav\/
olonf qif;&Jaom v,fol&if;iSm; viftdwdk;xHwGif aexdkifcJh&olNzpf\/ riwf&kHwrnf pm;aomuf&NyD;
aiGtoNymqdkí wpfNym;wpfcsyfrQyif udk,fwG,fokH;pGJcGifh r&cJhay/
,ck olvG,fxm;aom txkyfxJwGif a&TqGJMudK;rsm; a&T'*Fg;rsm;? aiG'*Fg;rsm;ygaomfvnf; xdka&TaiGrsm;udk
okH;pGJ&aumif;rSef; roday/
trJtlNyKwfqdkif&Sif tbdk;MuD;\pum;onf ol\0dk;w0g;Nzpfaeaom OmPftvif;udk zGifhay;vdkufovdk
NzpfoGm;onf/
vifxifcsdwo f nf trJtNl yKwfz;kd usoifah iGrsm;udk ay;acsNyD;aemuf t0wftpm;a&mif;aomqdik u f kd &SmazGonf/
qdkifudk&SmawGUaomtcg aumif;rGefoifhwifhaom t0wftpm;rsm; 0,f,lNyD; csufcsif;yif t0wfpkwfrsm;ESifh
vJvS,f0wfqifonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf rGef&nfacsmarmonf/ vlrSmt0wf awmif;rSmtuGyfqdkovdk 0wfaumif;pm;vSrsm;
qifNref;vdkufaomtcg EkysKdacsmarmaom vkvifysKdwpfa,muf\toGif yDNyifvm\/
vdktyfaom pm;eyf&du©mrsm;udkvnf; 0,f,lcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf c&D;qufí xGufcJhNyefonf/
vlae&yf&Gmudk rawGUvQif toifhaqmifxm;aom &du©mrsm;udkxkwfpm;NyD; vlae&yf&Gmrsm;odkYa&mufvQif
pm;aumif;aomufzG,frsm;udk 0,f,lpm;aomufonf/
vdefvdefudkawmh vifxifcsdwf rarhao;ay/
a&mufav&m ae&mrsm;wGif vdefvdefudk vdkuf&SmMunfhrdonf/
þod k Y vd e f v d e f u d k &S m yk H a wmf z G i f h & if h c&D ; ES i f v mcJ h & m yD u if ; aeNynf a wmf o k d Y y if a&muf r S e f ; rod
a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhonf/

yDuif;aeNynfawmfokdY vifxifcsdwf a&muf&Sdvmonf/


{u&mZfrif; xD;eef;pdkuf&m aeNynfawmfNzpfonfh yDuif;NrdKUawmfonf crf;em;aom taqmufttkHrsm;?
pnfum;aom aps;qdkifrsm;? NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;ESifh pnfum;vSonf/
rdrda&mufzl;onfh tNcm;NrdKU&Gmrsm;ESifhrwl wpfrlxl;um pnfum;crf;em;vSonfh yDuif;aeNynfawmfu
vifxifcsdwf\pdwftm&kHudk qGJaqmifzrf;pm;vdkufonf/
yDuif;aeNynfawmfudk oltvGefpdwf0ifpm;oGm;onf/
pnfum;okdufNrdKufvSaom yDuif;aeNynfawmfwGif rdrdtzdkY avhvmMunfh&Ip&mawG trsm;tNym;&Sdrnf[k
olaumif;aumif;awG;rdonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf pm;aomufqdkifwpfqdkifwGif 0ifa&mufum 0rf;Nznfhonf/ xdkYaemufNrdKUxJokdY vSnfhvnf
Munfh&Ionf/
awGUNrif&onfrsm;rSm vifxifcsdwftzdkY topftqef;awGcsnf;Nzpfonf/
[kd[kdonfonf vSnfhvnfMunfh&I&if; NrdKUtaemufbufydkif;okdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
yDuif;aeNynfawmf taemufbufydkif;onf vlukHxHrsm; aexdkif&m &yfuGufNzpfonf/ tdrfwdkif;vdkvdkyif
0if;MuD;NcHMuD;ESifh crf;em;xnf0gonfh a*[mMuD;rsm; NzpfMuonf/
crf;em;onfha*[mrsm; tMum;wGif ydkrdkxnf0gonfh a*[mMuD;wpfckudk vifxifcsdwf pdwf0ifpm;rdonf/
tdrfa*[mMuD;\ta&SUwGif crf;em;xnf0gaom pmwef;MuD;wpfckvnf; csdwfqGJxm;onf/

136
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xd k p mwef ; MuD ; \atmuf w G i f ausmuf N zLom;ES i f h xk v k y f x m;aom e*g;&k y f w pf c k & S d o nf /
ausmufNzLe*g;&kyfwkonf rmef0ifum toufygvSonf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm pmaumif;aumif; rwwfay/ pmwpfvkH;pESpfvkH;prQom em;vnfonf/
xdkYaMumifh pmwef;MuD;wGif a&;xm;onfhpmrsm;onf bmudkqdkvdkaMumif; olroday/
odkYaomf rmef0ifum toufygvSaom ausmufNzLe*g;&kyfwkudkrl tvGefoabmusrdonf/
xdkYaMumifh a&SUqufavQmufvSrf;roGm;EdkifbJ xdktdrfa*[mMuD;a&SUwGif&yfum ausmufNzLe*g;&kyfwkudk
pl;pdkufMunfhaerdonf/
]][dwf csmwdwf ... bmawGrsm; oabmusNyD; 'Davmufawmif Munfhae&wmvJ}}
pum;oHwpfck &kwfw&uf ay:vmonf/
ausmufNzLe*g;&kyfwkudk tm&kHpdkufum Munfhaeaom vifxifcsdwfrSm &kwfw&uf pum;oHMum;&onfhtwGuf
vefYzsyfíyif oGm;rdonf/
toHay:vm&mokdY uref;uwef; vSrf;Munfhrdonf/
olYab;em;wGif 0wfpkHNzL0wf vlwpfa,muf &yfaeonfudk awGU&onf/ xdkol\ tNzLa&mifokdif;0wfpkHwGif
teufa&mifMu,foD;rsm; wyfqifxm;NyD; cg;pnf;MudK;uvnf; teufa&mifNzpfonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlonf toufokH;q,fcefY&Sdonf/ rsufESmtrlt&mu tenf;i,frmonf/ aNymykHqdkykH
[efyefonf txufpD;avoH &Sdonf/
]]aMomf ... a[m'D ausmufNzLe*g;&kyfu touf0ifvGef;vdkY oabmusNyD; &yfMunfhaerdwmAsm?
bm&,fnm&,fawmh r[kwfygbl;}}
vifxifcsdwfu &nf&nfrGefrGefyif NyefaNzonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvl\ wif;rmoa,mifNzpfaeaom rsufESmtrlt&m tenf;i,f aysmhaysmif;oGm;onf/
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkudk;? rif;udk Munfh&wm 'DNrdKUom; [kwfykHr&bl;? b,fuvmwmvJ}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlu qufvufpl;prf;onf/
]]OD;OD;xifwm rrSm;ygbl;? uRefawmfu uGrfeefNrdKUuyg? aysmufqkH;oGm;wJh a':av;vdefvdefudk vdkuf&Sm&if;
'DNrdKUudka&mufvmwm qdkygawmh? OD;OD;wwfEdkifr,fqdk&if uRefawmfhudk ulnDay;ygvm;Asm}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvl\ rsufESmay:wGif tNyKH;&dyfwpfck ay:vmonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ tm;udk;wMuD; tultnD awmif;cHrIaMumifh xdkolonf rdrdudk,frdrd tawmf[kwfvSNyDxifum
b0ifNrifh yDwdNzpfoGm;ykH&onf/
]]rif; a':av;vdefvdefom a[m'DyDuif;aeNynfawmfudk a&mufaew,fqdk&ifawmh igwkdY e*g;NzLa*[mu
rodbJ r&Sdygbl;}}
toufi,f&G,fNyD; tawGUtMuKHenf;vSaom vifxifcsdwfrSm xdkol\ cyfMuGm;MuGm; aNymvkdufaom
pum;aMumifh tawmfyif0rf;omtm;wufoGm;onf/ xdkoludkvnf; tm;udk;tm;xm; NyKvdkpdwfrsm; ay:vmonf/
]][m ... 0rf;omvdkufwm OD;OD;&,f? uRefawmfhudk ulnDEdkif&if ulnDygAsm? a':av;vdefvdefudk
uRefawmfvdkuf&SmaecJhwm wpfESpfavmufudk &SdaeygNyD}}
vifxifcsdwfu tm;udk;wMuD;yif aNymonf/
xkdolonf wu,fawmh e*g;NzLa*[mrS omrefodkif;orm; wpfa,mufomNzpfonf/ udpöwpfckNzifh
tNyifoGm;ae&mrS NyefvmcJh&m vifxifcsdwfwHcg;0wGif ra,mifrvnfESifh e*g;&kyfudk [kdbufMunfhvdkuf
onfbufMunfhvdkuf vkyfaeonfudkNrifí vSrf;ar;vdkuf&mrS vifxifcsdwfESifh pum;aNymNzpfoGm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfu olYudktxifwMuD; aNymqdkaeonfhtwGuf b0ifNrifhum [ef[dwfxkwfNyD; cyfMuGm;MuGm;
aNymvd k u f N cif ; om Nzpf o nf / vif x if c sd w f u wu,f x if í tm;ud k ; wMuD ; tul t nD a wmif ; vmNyef & m
tawmfav;tcufawGUoGm;onf/
xdkolonf pdwfMuD;0ifum b0ifNrifhwwfaomfvnf; pdwf&if;awmhaumif;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfu tm;udk;wMuD;
tultnDawmif;onfwGif olYtaeNzifh twwfEdkifqkH;aom tMuHOmPfudk ay;onf/

137
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'DvdkvkyfuGm? igwdkYtzGJUxJudk rif;0ifvdkuf? rif;om igwkdY&JU e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;wpfa,muf
Nzpf o G m ;&if b,f o l u rS rif ; ud k tEÅ & m,f r ay;&J b l ; ? rif ; ud k ok d i f ; ynmawG v J oif a y;r,f ?
odkif;ynmawGwwfaNrmufNyD;&if rif;&JU a':av;vdefvdefudk vdkuf&Smaygh? igwkdYa*[mu nDaemifokdif;orm;awGuvJ
rif;udk 0dkif;ulnDay;MurSmaygh}}
]]OD;OD; wu,faNymaewmvm;}}
]]wu,fayghuG}}
]]aumif;NyD? 'gqdk&if OD;OD;wdkYtzGJUxJudk uRefawmf0ifr,f}}
þwGif xdkolonf vifxifcsdwfudk e*g;NzLa*[mxJokdY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/ awmMuD;rsufrnf;xJrS
xGufvmNyD; bmrQoduRrf;em;vnfxm;Ncif; r&Sdao;aom vifxifcsdwfonf ol\a':av;vdefvdefudk &SmawGUvdkpdwf
wpfckwnf;Nzifh e*g;NzLa*[modkY aumufaumufygatmif vdkufoGm;avNyD/
e*g;NzLa*[monf MuD;rm;us,f0ef;vSayonf/ twGif;bufwGif taqmifaqmif tcef;cef;wdkY
NynfhESufaeonf/
xdkolu vifxifcsdwfudk taqmifMuD;wpfck\ tcef;i,fwpfcef;xJokdY ac:oGm;onf/
xdktcef;xJwGif *dkPf;cGJacgif;aqmifwpfa,mufNzpfaom Zdrifwkef; xdkifaeonf/
Zdrifwkef;onf toufav;q,fcefY&Sdonf/ ydefydefyg;yg; EIwfcrf;arG;ppESifh Oywd&kyfaumif;onf/
vifxifcsdwfudk ac:vmolu vifxifcsdwftm; Zdrifwkef;xHwGif tyfESHvdkufonf/
Zdrifwkef;u vifxifcsdwf\trnf? ZmwdponfwdkYudk ppfar;onf/ vifxifcsdwfudk Munfh&onfrSm
OmPf & nf a umif ; yk H & onf / od k i f ; ynm avh u sif h o if M um;vQif xl ; xl ; cRef c Ref wwf a Nrmuf E d k i f a om
udk,fcE¨mtcsKd;tqpfvnf; &SdonfhtwGuf Zdrifwkef;u tzGJY0iftNzpf tvG,fwulyif oabmwlvufcHvdkufonf/
þodkYNzifh vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLa*[mokdU a&muf&Sdum tqifhNrifhodkif;ynmrsm;udk avhusifh oifMum;cGifh&cJhonf/
odkif;ynmtNyif pmayynmudkyg oifMum;cGifh&&Sd&m vifxifcsdwftvGefyif aysmf&Tifaerdonf/
olonf pmayynmESifh odkif;ynmrsm;udk MudK;pm;oif,lonf/
yifudk,fuyif tvkyfvkyfaqmif&mwGif rckdruyfbJ tm;MudK;rmefwuf vkyfaqmifwwfonfhNyif
t&G , f E S i f h r rQatmif b0tawG U tMuKH rsm;Nym;cJ h o l N zpf & m e*g;NzLa*[m&S d vl r sm;ES i f h oif h w if h a tmif
aygif;oif;qufqHaewwfonf/
tvdkufodwwfrI? tvkyfwm0efrsm;udk pdwfygvufyg vkyfaqmifay;wwfrIudk Zdrifwkef;u owdxm;
tuJcwfrdonfrdkY vifxifcsdwfudk ol\vufpGJawmftNzpfyif owfrSwfxm;&SdcJhonf/
Zdrifwkef; apcdkif;wm0efay;orQudk vifxifcsdwfu ausyGefatmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh
Zdrifwkef;onf vifxifcsdwfudk tawmfyif auseyfoabmusavawmhonf/
tcsdefrsm; wa&GUa&GUukefvGefoGm;\/ e*g;NzLa*[mokdY vifxifcsdwf a&muf&SdaeonfrSm okH;ESpfokH;rdk;yif
NynfhoGm;avawmhonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ toufrSmvnf; wpfq,fhav;ESpf t&G,fodkY a&muf&SdvmcJhavNyD/
aqmif;&moD\ nwpfn Nzpfonf/
ESif;aiGUrsm;u tkyfqdkif;íaeonf/ yg;vSyfaom Zmy0gwpfck NzefYMuufvTrf;rdk;xm;onfh toGifrsKd;
rIdif;rIdif;rIefrIefav; &Sdae\/
e*g;NzLa*[monf nOfhvTm&kHatmufwGif tdyfarmusovdk Nidrfoufaeonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ taemuf b uf & S d Nruf c if ; i,f wpf c k a y:wG i f r l vif x if c sd w f w pf a ,muf
okdif;ynmavhusifhaeonf/
at;csrf;wdwfqdwfaeaom tcsdeftcg NzpfaomaMumifh odkif;ynmavhusifh&onfrSm tawmfyifaumif;onf/
]]0Spf ...}}
avvIyf&Sm;oH cyfoJhoJh ay:vmonf/
oif , l w wf a Nrmuf x m;aom od k i f ; uG u f o k d i f ; [ef r sm;ud k wpf u G u f N yD ; wpf u G u f avh u sif h a eaom
vifxifcsdwfxHokdY ausmufcJi,fwpfckonf &kwfw&ufvGifhysH 0ifa&mufvmonf/
138
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkif;ynmavhusifh&if; rsufpdudkzGifh em;udkpGifh ywf0ef;usifudk rNywftuJcwfaeaom vifxifcsdwfonf
ausmufcJi,f avudkcGif;um 0ifa&mufvmoHudk Mum;onf/
rarQmfvifah omtNzpfEiS hf &kww f &uf &ifqikd &f aomfvnf; vifxifcsdwo f nf ai;idik af wGa0Ncif;r&S?d &kwNf cnf;yif
wkHYNyefvIyf&Sm;Edkif\/ e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufNzifh ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;vdkufonf/
vifxifcsdwf\udk,fcE¨monf ayghyg;pGmyif txufodkY aNrmufMuGwufoGm;\/
ausmufcJi,frSm vifxifcsdwfudk rxdawmhbJ ta0;odkYt&SdefNzifh qufvufvGifhxGufoGm;onf/
h ]]b,fu rdwfaqGygvJcifAsm}}
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufNzifh ausmufcJi,fudk a&Smifwdrf;&if; vifxifcsdwfu vSrf;atmfar;Nref;vdkufonf/
rnfonfhaNzMum;oHrQ ay:rvmay/
okdY&mwGif ...
aemufxyf ausmufcJi,fwpfcku vufeufykef;xyfqifh ypfcwfrItoGifrsKd;Nzifh vifxifcsdwfxHodkY
0ifa&mufvmNyefonf/
]]0SD ...}}
xdkausmufcJi,fonf apmapmuxuf t&SdefydkNyif;onf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm avxJwGif ckefaNrmufwufvsufom;rdkY xyfrHvIyf&Sm;a&Smifwdrf;&ef tvGefyifcufaeonf/
xkdYaMumifh nmvufudkqefYwef;um ausmufcJi,fudk qD;MudKqkyfzrf;vdkufonf/
vif x if c sd w f o nf ausmuf c J i ,f u d k trd t &qk y f z rf ; rd v d k u f o nf / od k Y aomf ausmuf c J i ,f
vG i f h y sH 0 if a &muf v monf h tif t m;t[k e f u Nyif ; xef v S a omaMumif h ol Y nmvuf r S m xd k t m;t[k e f \
wGef;uefcsufudkcH&NyD; xkHusOfoGm;cJhonf/
þwGif vifxifcsdwfrSm [efcsufysufum usoGm;avawmh\/
tusrawmfonft h wGuf awmfawmfEiS hf NyefxrvmEdik cf ahJ y/ NrS;D anSmif&h ;dk vnf; tawmfav; emusifomG ;onf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;u rqdk;ygbl;? tawmf[kwfom;yJ}}
&,farmaNymqdkoH Mum;&onfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwf armfMunfhvdkuf&m olUab;em;wGif vlwpfa,muf
&yfaeonfudk awGU&av\/
xdkolonf toufig;q,fcefY&Sdonf/ pmayorm;wpfa,muftoGif 0wfqifxm;onf/ &kyf&nfoGifNyif
trlt&muvnf; pmayorm;wpfa,muf\ trlt&mrsKd;Nzpfonf/
tu,fí apmapmu ausmufcJi,fESpfckNzifh qufwdkufypfcwfNcif;udk udk,fawGUMuKH&Ncif; r&SdvQif
vifxifcsdwftaeNzifh þvlMuD;onf okdif;ynmwwfaNrmufolNzpfrnf[k xifrdrnf r[kwfay/
]]rif;emrnf b,fvdk ac:ovJuG}}
xdkvlMuD;u vifxifcsdwfudk pl;pkdufMunfhNyD;ar;\/
xdkvlMuD;\tMunfhwGif xl;Ncm;aom tm;tifwpfrsKd;yg&Sdaeonf[k vifxifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
xdkYNyif vifxifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xkdvlMuD;udk av;pm;cspfcifpdwfrsm;vnf; Nzpfay:vm\/
]]'DvlMuD;u b,folvJ? igwdkY e*g;NzLa*[m&JU &efolvm;? rdwfaqGvm;? 'gayr,fh emrnfavmufudk
aNymvdkufwmuawmh udpör&SdEdkifygbl;}}
vifxifcsdwfonf þokdYpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf xdkvlMuD;\tar;udk NyefvnftaNzay;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmfhemrnf vifxifcsdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f}}
]]b,f*dkPf;cGJuvJ}}
]]0HykavGNzL *dkPf;cGJuyg}}
]]rif;apmapmu vIyf&Sm;oGm;wJh e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGuf[m tm;t&Sdeft[kef udk,f[efvIyf&Sm;rI
twGif;tm;vnfywf tokH;csrIawGrSm cRwf,Gif;csufawG &Sdaew,f}}
rdrdtokH;NyKcJhaom odkif;uGuf\trnfudk 'ufceJaNymvmonfhtwGuf tawmfav; tHhtm;oifhoGm;rdonf/
]][kwfuJh ... cRwf,Gif;csufawG &Sdaeovm; bmvm;awmh uRefawmfrodygbl;? q&mZdrifwkef;u 'DvkdyJ
oifNyay;cJhygw,f? uRefawmfh&JU nHhzsif;rIaMumifh q&moifNywmudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif ravhusifhEdkifao;wmbJ NzpfrSmyg}}
139
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vifxifcsdwfonf yGifhyGifhvif;vif; aNymvdkufonf/
pmayorm;toGif vlMuD;u cyfat;at;NyKH;vdkufum ...
]]aumif;NyD ... igupm;Nywmudk rif;Munfhprf;ygOD;}}
vlMuD;u xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk vIyf&Sm;upm;Nyonf/
apmapmu vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufudkokH;um ckefvTm;cJhpOfu txl;yifMudK;pm;um
tm;pdkufcGefpdkufvkyfcJh&onf/ vlvnf; tawmfav; armyef;cJhonf/
vlMuD;url rnfoYdk rQ armyef;cufco J nft h oGif r&Sb d J tvG,w f ulyif at;aq;pGm vIy&f mS ;upm;NyEdik cf o hJ nf/
xkdYNyif vlMuD;\vIyf&Sm;[efrsm;u ydkívSyum ydkívnf; ayghyg;Nrefqefaeonf/
ESif;aiGUrsm;qdkif;aeaom aqmif;ntcsdefwGif ESif;NrLrsm;tMum; ckefysHvIyf&Sm;aeaom xdkvlMuD;\
vI y f & S m ;[ef w d k Y rS m wd r f a wmif w d r f v d y f r sm; tMum;wG i f e*g;MuD ; wpf a umif NrL;xl ; vI y f & S m ;aeovd k
Munfhíaumif;vSonf/
tqifhNrifh odkif;ynmrsm;udk wwfaNrmufvdkaom vifxifcsdwfrSm xdkvlMuD;\ odkif;ynmpGrf;udk csD;rGrf;í
rqkH;Edkifawmhay/
]]'DvlMuD;[m e*g;NzLa*[mu tqifhNrifh odkif;orm;wpfa,mufa,muf NzpfrSmyJ? 'gaMumifhvJ
e*g;NzLu0d r aemod k i f ; ynmud k 'D a vmuf u Rrf ; usif a ewmaygh ? igvJ ol Y vd k tqif h N rif h o d k i f ; ynmawG
wwfaNrmufcsifvdkufwm}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif awG;awm tm;usaerdonf/
xdkvlMuD;tay:wGif oHo,Nzpfay:aeaom pdwfrsm;vnf; yaysmufoGm;onf/
xd k v l M uD ; vI y f & S m ;upm;Nyaeonf h od k i f ; uG u f od k i f ; [ef v I y f & S m ;rI r sm;ud k v nf ; aoaocsmcsmyif
Munfh&IrSwfom;aeonf/
xkdvlMuD;onf e*g;NzLrkd;ysHodkif;uGufudk okH;Mudrf;okH;cgwdwdyif tNyeftvSef vIyf&Sm;upm;Nyonf/
xdkYaemuf odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rIudk &yfvdkufonf/
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m? q&mu tckvdk vufawGU&Sif;NyrS uRefawmfhtzdkY rodao; rwwfao;wmawGudk
em;vnfrdawmhw,f}}
vifxifcsdwfu xdkvlMuD;a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufxdkifum OD;csuefawmhNyD; aNymav\/
rG e f & nf v d r ® m aom vl i ,f w pf a ,muf y D y D rd r d v d k t yf c suf r sm;ud k Nyoay;onf h xd k v l M uD ; tm;
q&mwpfa,muftNzpf owfrSwfum q&mudkNyK&aom t&dktaorsKd;Nzifh vifxifcsdwfu *g&0NyKvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]udkif; ... e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk Nyefupm;Nyprf;}}
xdkvlMuD;u aNymonf/
]]aumif;ygNyD q&m}}
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzL rdk;ysHokdif;uGufudk NyefvnfvIyf&Sm;upm;Nyonf/
xdkvlMuD;upm;Nyonfudk Munfh&IrSwfom;xm;csufrsm;twdkif; rdrdwGifvdktyfaom tcsufrsm;udk
NyKNyifupm;Ny&m vifxifcsdw\ f e*g;NzLrd;k ysHoikd ;f uGuf vIy&f mS ;[efu rsm;pGm aooyfvmonf/ tpGr;f xufvmonf/
oGufvufvmonf/ ayghyg;Nrefqefvmonf/
vlMuD;onf vifxifcsw d \
f odik ;f uGuv f yI &f mS ; upm;[efuMkd unfu
h m auseyfyw D Nd zpfvsuf acgif;wndwn f w
d f
vkyfaerdonf/
]]'D vifxifcsdwf qdkwJh aumifav;[m w,fvJOmPf&nf xufNrufygvm;? oifay;vkdYvJ odyfaumif;w,f?
wpfrdkufNywmudk wpfxGmNrifEdkifw,f? igwdkY&JUa*[mrSm 'Dvdkxl;cRefxufNrufwJh vli,fwpfa,muf&Sdaewmudk
apmapmurodcJhwm igh&JUcRwf,Gif;csufyJ? 'Daumifav;u axGaxGxl;xl;awmif &Sif;Nyp&mrvdkbl;? igvufawGU
vIyf&Sm;Nywmudk Munfh&kHNrif&kHeJY em;vnfoabmaygufw,f}}
odkif;avmuwGif wynfhu q&maumif;udk vdkufvH&SmazGaeovdk q&muvnf; wynfhaumif;udk
vkdvm;Muonf/

140
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tqifhNrifh okdif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf\ rsufvkH;xJwGif xl;cRefxufNrufaom odkif;orm;wpfa,muf
Nzpfvmrnfhvl\ toGiftNyif? OmPf&nfOmPfaoG;udk tuJcwfod&SdEdkifonf/
q&maumif ; aMumif h wynf h a umif ; rsm; ay:xG u f v movd k Mud K ;pm;NyD ; xl ; cRef x uf N ruf a om
wynfhaumif;rsm;aMumifh q&mrsm;taeNzifh *kPf,l0ifhMuGm;Edkifonf r[kwfygvm;/
xdkvlMuD;\ pdwfxJwGif vifxifcsdwfudk tawmfyif oabmawGUaerdavNyD/
e*g;NzL rdk;ysHokdif;uGufudk vIyf&Sm;upm;NyNyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwfonf xkdvlMuD;udk OD;nTwft&dktao
ay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]q&m ... uRefawmf vIyf&Sm;upm;wm enf;vrf;rSefuef&JUvm;}}
xkdvlMuD;u auseyfESpfodrfhpGm NyKH;&,fvdkufNyD; ...
]]at; ... od k i f ; uG u f o k d i f ; [ef vI y f & S m ;rI u awmh rS e f u ef y gw,f ? 'gayr,f h twG i f ; tm;uawmh
trsm;MuD;vdkao;w,f? odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;wJhtcgrSm e*g;NzLu0draemtwGif;tm; usifhpOftwdkif; twGif;tm;udk
vnfywfNyD; tm;Nznfhay;&r,f}}
]]e*g;NzLu0draem twGif;tm;usifhpOfudk uRefawmf roif&ao;ygbl; q&m}}
]]at; ... rif;u 0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJuqdkawmh e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;usifhpOfudk b,foifMum;cGifh &OD;rSmvJ?
taNccHtwGif;tm; avhusifhrIavmufudkyJ vkyf&OD;rSmaygh}}
]][kwfygw,f? 'geJY q&mhudk uRefawmf'Da*[mrSm wpfcgrS rawGUzl;bl;? q&mhemrnfudk odyg&apvm;?
'Dvdkar;rdvdkY pdwfawmh r&SdygeJYAsm}}
]]ighemrnfudk avmavmq,f raNymcsifao;bl;? ighudk rif;taeeJY e*g;NzLvdkYyJ ac:aygh}}
]][kwfuJh ... [kwfuJh}}
e*g;NzL[k tac:cdik ;f onfh vlMuD;onf &kyyf rHk sm;ESiphf maMumif;rsm;a&;xm;onfh pm&Guw f pf&u G uf kd xkw, f u
l m
...
]]a[m'Dpm&GufxJrSm e*g;NzLu0draemtwGif;tm; usifhpOfudka&;xm;w,f? zwfMunfhNyD; wNznf;Nznf;
avhusifh? pdwfavmrMuD;eJY? tvkdMuD;&if t&enf;wwfw,f? NyD;awmh igeJY tckvdkqkHawGUwJhtaMumif; b,folYudkrS
raNym&bl;? vQKdU0Sufxm;&r,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD q&m}}
vifxifcsdwfu xdkokdYaNymNyD; e*g;NzLqdkol vlMuD;urf;ay;onfhpm&Gufudk vufESpfzufNzifh &dkaopGm
vSrf;,lvdkufonf/
pm&Gufudk vSrf;,l&if; OD;nTwfum t&kdtaoay;onf/
olYOD;acgif; NyefarmhvdkufcsdefwGifrl e*g;NzLqdkonfh vlMuD;udk rawGU&awmh/
xdkvlMuD; xGufoGm;onfudk vifxifcsdwfrSm vkH;0owdrNyKrdcJhay/
]][m ... q&me*g;NzL&JU udk,fazmhynmu w,faumif;ygvm;? 'Davmufwkdawmif;wJh tcsdefav;twGif;rSm
aNcoHawmifrMum;&bJ ighNrifuGif;u aysmufuG,foGm;wJhtxd a0;atmifavQmufvSrf; xGufoGm;Edkifw,f?
tm;usp&maumif;vdkufwm}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif e*g;NzLqdkolvlMuD;\ tHhrcef;aom udk,fazmhynmtpGrf;udk usdwfum
csD;rGrf;rdav\/
xdkYaemuf e*g;NzL vufawGUoifNyay;oGm;onfh e*g;NzL rdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk ydkrdkydkifEdkifatmif xyfNyefwvJvJ
avhusifhonf/
wpfMudrfxyfavhusifhvQif avhusifhoavmuf odkif;uGufodkif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIu ydkrdkxufNrufvmaomaMumifh
vifxifcsdwfrSm txl;yif auseyftm;&aerdonf/
e*g;NzLa*[modkY a&muf&SdNyD;aemuf odkif;ynmrsm; avhusifhoifMum;cJhonfrSm okH;ESpfokH;rdk;yif
MumNrifhcJhonfwGif ,cktMudrfavmuf odkif;ynmavhusifh&mwGif pdwfwdkif;us Nzpf&rIrsKd; ol rMuKHzl;ao;ay/
pdwfygvufyg wpfa,mufwnf; avhusifhaecJh&m tcsdefrsm; wa&GUa&GU ukefoGm;onf/

141
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzLa*[m napmifhuif;orm;rsm;\ 0g;qpfacgufoHaMumifh eHeufav;em&Dxdk;NyD NzpfaMumif;
od&onfhtcgwGifrS vifxifcsdwfonf odkif;ynmavhusifhrIudk&yfum rdrd\tcef;okdY NyefvmcJhav\/
rdrdtcef;odkY Nyefa&mufonfESifh vifxifcsdwfonf tem;,ltdyfpufNcif; rNyKao;bJ e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;
usifhpOfudkxkwfum zwf&Iavhvmonf/
wpfacgufzwfMunfNh yD;aemuf tdy&f mxufwiG f wifysOfacGxidk u f m e*g;NzLtwGi;f tm; usifph OfNzifh twGi;f tm;
vnfywfavhusifhonf/
avhusifhrIu ratmifNrif/
udk,fcE¨mtwGif; aoG;avvnfywfrIrsm; uarmufurNzpfum touf&SLusyfvmonf/ armovdkvdk?
rl;ovdkvdkvnf; cHpm;&\/
vifxifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;avhusifhrIudk acwå&yfem;um pm&GufxJwGif a&;xm;onfrsm;udk wpfacguf
xyfzwfMunfhNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf pm&Gufodrf;NyD; vufawGUavhusifhMunfhonf/
tpwGif [kwfovkdvkd &Sdaomfvnf; rMumrDrSmyif &if0wGifwpfqkdYvmaomaMumifh twGif;tm;avhusifhrIudk
&yfem;vdkuf&Nyefonf/
xdkokdYpm&Gufudk zwfMunfhvdkuf vufawGUavhusifhvdkuf? tcuftcJawGUvdkuf? &yfem;vdkuf? pm&Gufudk
Nyef z wf v d k u f vk y f a e&m eH e uf r d k ; vif ; onf h t cgwG i f r S e*g;NzLtwG i f ; tm; usif h p Of u d k tawmf y if
em;vnfoabmaygufvmcJhonf/
vifxifcsdwf yg0ifae&aom 0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrSm odkif;ynmoifMum;cgp odkif;orm;topfrsm;Nzifhom
zGJUpnf;xm;onfh *dkPf;cGJNzpfNyD; e*g;NzLa*[m\ *dkPf;cGJig;ckwGif tedrfhqkH;tqifhwGif &Sdonf/
0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf odkif;uGufodkif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk t"duxm;um oifMum;&onf/
taNccHtwGif;tm; avhusifhrIavmufom NyKvkyf&onf/
e*g;NzL twGif;tm;usihfpOf uJhodkYaom tqifhNrifh twGif;tm;usifhpOfrsKd;udk oifMum;avhusifhcGifh r&Muay/
e*g;NzLa*[m&Sd *dkPf;cGJig;ckrS tNrifhqkH; tqifhwGif&Sdonfh usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;tcsKdUomvQif
e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;usifhpOfudk avhusifhoif,l EdkifcGifh&Sdonf/ usm;opfNzL *dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;wkdif;yifvQif
avhusifhoifMum;cGifhr&? txl;oifhavsmfolrsm;udkom qefcgwif a&G;cs,fNyD; avhusifhcGifhNyKonf/
,ck rarQmfvifhaom taMumif;aMumifh e*g;NzLtwGif;tm; usifhpOfudk avhusifhEdkifcGifh &cJhonfhtwGuf
vifxifcsdwfrSm txl;yif auseyftm;& aysmf&Tifaeonf/
avhusifh&onfudk tm;r&? rwif;wdrf/
qufvufavhusifh vdkao;aomfvnf; rdk;pifpif vif;vmNyDrdkY r&yfcsif&yfcsifESifh &yfem;vdkuf&onf/
wpfnvkH;rtdyf&aomfvnf; vifxifcsdwfrSm yifyef;EGrf;e,fNcif; r&Sday/ pdwftm&kHrsm; vef;qef;ae\/
vkyfaqmifzG,f&m&Sdonfrsm;udk oGufvufNrefqefpGmyif vkyfaqmifaeEdkifonf/
eHeufydkif; odkif;ynmavhusifhrI NyKvkyfNyD;pD;í a*[ma&SUydkif;wGif wHNrufpnf;rsm; vSnf;usif;aepOf
usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;ig;a,muf 'Pf&mudk,fpDNzifh e*g;NzLa*[modkY Nyefa&mufvmonfudk awGU&onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJ0if odkif;orm; ig;a,mufrnfolwdkYESifh wdkufckdufNyD; 'Pf&mtemw&
NzpfvmMuaMumif; odvdkaomfvnf; ol\tqifhrSm e*g;NzLa*[mwGif tedrfhqkH;okdif;orm; NzpfaeaomaMumifh
pkHprf;ar;Nref;Ncif; rNyK&Jay/
odkYaomf rMumrDrSmyif usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS okdif;orm;rsm;onf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufNyD; 'Pf&m&vmcJhNcif;NzpfaMumif; owif;Mum;&av\/
þokdYaom Nzpf&yfrsKd;onf qef;Mu,fonfawmh r[kwfygay/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmf? e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;?
aNre*g;*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;wdkYrS odkif;orm;rsm; wkdufckdufMuonfh taMumif;udk rMumcPyif Mum;odae&onf/
rdrdwdkY e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf tNcm;aom odkif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufrIrsm; NzpfyGm;ae&aMumif;udkrl vifxifcsdwfrSm rodcJhay/
142
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xkdtaMumif;udk vifxifcsdwf tvGefodcsifonf/
odkYaomf vifxifcsdwfvdk e*g;NzLa*[m\ tedrfhqkH;tqifh 0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;i,f wpfa,muftzdkY
þuJhokdYaom ta&;t&mrsm;udk odcsifwkdif; rar;0Hhay/
pGefYpm;um ar;Nref;cJhvQifvnf; rnfolurQ ta&;vkyfNyD; NynfhNynfhpkHpkH aNzMum;rnf r[kwfay/
xkdUaMumifh vifxifcsdwfonf xkdokdYaom wdkufcdkufrIrsm;taMumif;udk rodusKd;EGH NyKaecJh&onf/
xdkaeYaeUvnfydkif;avmufwGifrl vifxifcsdwftzdkY wdkufcdkufrIrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tawmftoifh od&SdEdkif&ef
taMumif;zefvmcJhonf/
aeYvnfydkif;wGif e*g;NzLa*[mokdY t0ga&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh tbdk;tdkwpfa,muf acgif;aqmifaom
teufa&mif0wfpkH0wf odkif;orm;udk;a,muf a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
xdkokdif;orm;q,fa,muf a&muf&Sdvmonfudk awGU&onfhtcgwGif Zdrifwkef;\rsufESmonf rodrom
ysufoGm;onfudk vifxifcsdwf owdNyKrdvdkufonf/
a&muf&SdvmMuol q,fa,mufwkdY\ trlt&mrsm;rSm cufxefwif;rmvSonf/ e*g;NzLa*[mokdY
aumif;aomvmNcif;Nzifh a&mufvmNcif;r[kwfaMumif; odomonf/
vifxifcsdww f Ykd 0Hyak vGNzL*dP
k ;f cGrJ S odik ;f orm;rsm;onf {nfo h nfrsm; a&muf&v dS mvQif awGUqkcH iG hf r&&SMd uay/
0g&ifhokdif;orm;MuD;rsm;uom vufcHawGUqkHonf/
,ckvnf; vifxifcsdwfwdkYwpfawGrSm tNcm;Am[D& udpöawGudkom vkyfaqmif&ef apckdif;Ncif;cH&onf/
{nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY 0ifcGifh r&Muay/
a&mufvmolq,fa,mufwkdY\ xl;Ncm;csufudk tuJcwfrdaomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfonf xkdolwdkY\
vm&if;udpöudk tvGefodcsifaeonf/
xdUk aMumifh rdrt d wGuf vkyaf qmif&ef wm0efay;xm;onfh Am[D&udprö sm;udk oGuv f ufNrefqefpmG NyD;pD;atmif
vkyfaqmifNyD; {nfhcef;aqmifem;okdY ra,mifrvnf csOf;uyfoGm;um tomacsmif;aNrmif; em;axmifav\/
{nfhcef;aqmifem;odkY tomcsOf;uyfvmaom vifxifcsdwfonf {nfhcef;aqmifxJrS us,favmifpGm
ay:xGufvmaom pum;oHudk Mum;&onfhtwGuf aNcvSrf;yif &kwfw&uf &yfwefYoGm;rdonf/
]]'Dr,f ... Zdrifwkef;? cifAsm;wdkYa*[m acgif;aqmifMuD;&JU orD;udk vQKdU0SufwJhae&mwpfckrSm ykef;atmif;aecdkif;
xm;w,fvdkY usKyfwdkY owif;Mum;&w,f}}
toHonf 0wfpkH0g0wf tbkd;MuD;\ toHNzpfonf/
pum;oHwGif oHo,ESifh &efvkdrItaiGUtoufwdkY NynfhvQrf;aeonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf odvdkpdwfESifh em;pGifhaeNyefonf/
Zdrifwkef;\ ceJYwJhwJh &,farmNyD; NyefaNymvdkufoHudk vifxifcsdwfMum;&Nyefonf/
]][if; [if; ... [if; [if; 'Dvdkom aNymMupwrf;qdk&if usKyfwdkYtaeeJUuvJ xifaMu;ay;p&mawG
pGyfpGJp&mawG trsm;MuD;ayghAsm;? 'Dr,f ... cifAsm;wdkY&JU *dkPf;XmecsKyfrSm a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vQKdU0Sufypönf;
ckd;,lcJhwJhol vQKdU0Sufykef;atmif;aew,fvdkY pGyfpGJ&if cifAsm;wkdY b,fvdkaNz&Sif;rvJ}}
]]'Dvdk &rf;orf;NyD; aNymcsifwdkif;aNymvdkY b,f&rSmvJ? cifAsm;rSm cdkifvkHwJhoufao taxmuftxm; &SdvdkYvm;?
taxmuftxm; cdkifckdifvkHvkH NyEkdif&if usKyfwkdYXmecsKyfpcef;rSm tcsdefra&G; vm&SmEdkifw,f}}
0wfpkH0g0wf tbkd;MuD;u &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm;NzifhNzifh NyefaNymvdkufoH Nzpfonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYusawmh rcHr&yfEdkif Nzpfovdk olwpfyg;vJ 'DvkdyJ NzpfEdkifw,fqdkwm pOf;pm;OD;rSaygh? usKyfu
tvum;ae&if; pGypf aJG ewm r[kwyf gbl;? cifAsm;udk Oyrm oabmom aNymwmyg? 'Dawmh usKyfwYkd qu D v kd J xifaMu;eJY
vm&rf;NyD; pGypf aJG Nymqdrk aeygeJY? 'Dvkd pGypf rJG rI sKd;[m usKyfwYkd e*g;NzLa*[mudk pdeaf c:&efpwmyJvYdk usKyfwYkd u ,lqw,f}}
Zdrifwkef;onf pum;t&mwGif y&d,m,fMuG,f0um EIwfptmpaumif;ol wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
aNymykHqkdykHuvnf; rmefygvSonf/ tpydkif;wGif cyfat;at; aNymqdkae&mrS pum;oHu wpfpp
wif;rmvmonf/ aemufqkH;ydwf pum;vkH;rsm;udkrl a'grmeftNynfhNzifh wif;wiff;rmrm aNymqdk tqkH;owfvdkufonf/
cyfa0;a0;rS acsmif;em;axmifaeaom vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGifyif wkefvIyfoGm;onf/

143
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]cifAsm; taNymu &ifhoD;vScsnfvm;? e*g;NzLa*[mu {nfhonfudk 'Dvdkenf;rsKd;eJYyJ qufqHwwfw,f
xifyg&JU}}
0wfpkH0g0wf tbkd;MuD;u ceJYovdkvdk NyefaNymonf/
]]{nfhonfu {nfhonfvdk ae&ifawmh [kwfwmaygh? tckawmh {nfhonfu tdrf&Sifudk Nyefapmfum;armfum;
vkyfaeawmh b,fvdkvkyf {nfh0wfausEdkifyghrvJ}}
]]aumif;NyD ... cifAsm;wkdY&JU &dkif;ysrIudk usKyfwdkY *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qD NyeftaMumif;Mum;&r,f? uJ ... usKyfwkdY
Nyefr,f}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... aNymykHu [kwfvdkufwm? 'Dr,f e*g;NzLa*[mudk 0ifcsifovdk0if xGufcsifovdkxGuf
vk y f E d k i f w ,f r sm; rS w f a eovm;? uJ ... a[h a[m'D u {nf h o nf a wmf M uD ; awG u d k aumif ; aumif ; rG e f r G e f
NyKpkvdkufMuprf;yguGm}}
Zd r if w k e f ; \ toH o nf usm;[d e f ; oH t vm; cuf x ef v S a yonf / {nf h c ef ; aqmif tNyif b uf r S
acsmif;em;axmifaeaom vifxifcsdwfyifvQif pdwfxJrS xdwfceJ NzpfoGm;&avonf/
xdkYaemuf {nfhcef;aqmifqDrS rnfonfhtoHAvHrQ rMum;&awmhbJ wdwfqdwf NidrfoufoGm;onf/
{nfch ef;aqmifxw J iG f bmawGNzpfuek Mf uonfukd odEikd &f eftwGuf Nrifomonfah e&mrS acsmif;aNrmif;Munf&h &I ef
MuHrdaomfvnf; ,ckuJhokdY acsmif;em;axmifaeonfudk Zdrifwkef; odoGm;vQif tNypfqdkcH&rnfudk awG;rdaomaMumifh
vifxifcsdwfonf Munfhvdkpdwfudk rsKdodyfum toma&Smifz,f xGufvmonf/
{nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif aNymqdkaeMuonfrsm;udk acsmif;aNrmif;em;axmifcJhonfhtwGuf e*g;NzLa*[m
acgif;aqmifMuD;wGif orD;wpfa,muf &SdaeaMumif;ESifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf; aysmufqkH;aeonfh
taMumif;rsm;udk vifxifcsdwf odcJh&onf/
vif x if c sd w f o nf e*g;NzLa*[m\ od k i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf N zpf a eaomf v nf ; e*g;NzLa*[m
acgif;aqmifMuD;udkrl rawGUzl;ay/ xdkacgif;aqmifMuD;wGif orD;wpfa,muf &SdaMumif;udkvnf; rodcJhay/
e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmifMuD;\ orD;udk wpfpkHwpf&maom taMumif;xl; wpfckckaMumifh wpfae&m&mwGif
vQKdU0SufpGm xm;&Sdaumif; xm;&SdEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; vifxifcsdwf awG;rdonf/
]]ol w d k Y aNymaewmuk d igem;axmif N cif ; tm;Nzif h e*g;NzLa*[mu od k i f ; orm;awG e J Y
wNcm;odkif;tzGJUtpnf;awGu odkif;orm;awG rMumcP &ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf aeMuwmawG[m e*g;NzLa*[m
acgif;aqmifMuD;&JU orD;udk vQKdU0Sux f m;wJuh pd ?ö a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vQKdU0Suyf pön;f aysmufq;Hk aewJh udpaö wGeYJ rsm;
qufpyfywfoufaervm; rodbl;}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif okdYavm odkYavm awG;awmaerdonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf nbufydkif; tcsdefrsm;wGif e*g;NzLtwGif;tm; usifhpOfudk qufvufavhusifh aecJhonf/
usifhpOf\ oabmob0udk em;vnfcJhNyD NzpfaomaMumifh wpfaeYxufwpfaeY twGif;tm;avhusifhrIwGif
rsm;pGmwdk;wufvmcJhonf/
rd r d a vh u sif h o if M um;aeaom od k i f ; uG u f od k i f ; [ef r sm;onf e*g;NzLtwG i f ; tm;usif h p Of E S i f h
tvGefvdkufzufnDum o[ZmwNzpfvSonfudkvnf; vifxifcsdwf awGU&Sd&onf/
xdkokdif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIwdkYwGif e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;udk vnfywfxnfhoGif; vdkufaomtcg
a&ESifhig;yrm vdkufzufí aeayonf/
okYd aomf wpfcgwpfcgwGirf l rnfonft h aMumif;aMumifh rod? okid ;f uGuv
f yI &f mS ; avhusif&h if; wpfu, dk v
f ;Hk wGif
tyfi,fav;rsm;ESifh txdk;qGcH&ovdk wppfppfESifh &kwfw&uf emusifvmwwfonf/
xdkodkYaom tcgrsm;wGif odkif;uGufavhusifhrIudk acwåcP &yfvdkuf&onf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGuf\ odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; NyKvkyfaomtcgwGifrl þodkYaom tNzpfrsKd;udk
rMuKH&wwfay/ tNcm;aom odkif;uGufrsm;udk vIyf&Sm;avhusihfhonfh tcgwGifom &kwfw&uf wpfukd,fvkH;
wppfppfemMuifvmrIrsm; rMumcPqdkovdk Nzpfay:cHpm;ae&onf/

144
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]igavhusifhaewJh e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGuf[m q&me*g;NzL NznfhpGufNyoay;rS uGufNynfh NynfhpkHvm&w,f?
'gaMumifh e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;eJY tNynfht0 vdkufzufaewm NzpfEdkifw,f? usefwJh odkif;uGufawGuawmh
vdktyfcsufav;awG &SdaevdkY e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;eJY tNynfht0rvdkufzufbJ ighwpfudk,fvkH; wppfppfeJY emusifvmwm
NzpfrSmygav}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif xdkokdYawG;um e*g;NzLESifh xyfrHawGUqkHcGifh &ygap[k qkawmif;&if;
apmifharQmfaerdavonf/
]e*g;NzL} qdkaom xl;qef;onfh odkif;orm;MuD;ESifh vifxifcsdwfawGUqkHcJhNyD;aemuf ckepf&uftMumwGif
Nzpfonf/
xdkaeYnbufwGif vifxifcsdwfonf xkH;pHtwdkif; tdyf&mr0ifao;bJ odkif;avhusifhaeonf/
olavhusifhaom e*g;NzLtwGif;tm;udk pdwfwdkif;us taESmifht,Sufr&SdbJ xnfhoGif;tokH;NyKEdkifonfh
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudkyif avhusifhonf/
e*g;NzLu vdktyfcsufudk axmufNyNyKNyif ay;cJhonfhaemufydkif; ckepf&ufwm tcsdeftwGif; vifxifcsdwf\
twGif;tm;ESifh odkif;ynmtaNctaerSm qwufxrf;ydk; wdk;wufvmcJhonf/
txl;oNzifh e*g;NzLrd;k ysHoikd ;f uGuw f iG f wk;d wufrI tNrifrh m;qk;H Nzpfayonf/ vifxifcsdwo f nf rdr\ d pdww f ikd ;f
tusqkH; okdif;uGufNzpfaom e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk xyfNyefwvJvJyif avhusifhaerdonf/
wpf M ud r f x yf r H avh u sif h a v wd k ; wuf r I wpf r sKd ; rsm;Nym;vmavrd k Y vif x if c sd w f o nf txl ; yif
ESpfoufauseyfaerdonf/
]]odkif;avhusifhwm b,fhES,faevJa[h}}
e*g;NzLrd;k ysHoidk ;f uGuu
f kd pdwtf m;wufMuGpmG avhusifah eaom vifxifcsdwo f nf pum;oHwpfcu k kd &kww
f &uf
Mum;vkduf&onfwGif tvGefyif0rf;om oGm;rdavawmh\/
vludk rNrif&ao;aomfvnf; pum;oHrSm e*g;NzL\ toHNzpfaMumif;udk vifxifcsdwf csufcsif; odvdkufonf/
odkif;avhusifhrIudk csufcsif; &yfwefYNyD; ...
]]a[m ... q&m e*g;NzLygvm;}}
pum;oH ay:xGufvm&mbufokdY vSrf;um *g&0NyKvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif e*g;NzLonf vifxifcsdwf teD;okdY aNcvSrf;rSefrSefNzifh avQmufvSrf; a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]ig oifNyay;cJhwmawG tusKd;NzpfxGef;&JUvm;}}
e*g;NzLu ar;onf/
]][kwfuJh trsm;MuD; tusKd;&Sdygw,f? q&mhudk odyfaus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
vifxifcsdwfu xyfrH*g&0 NyKvdkufNyefonf/
]]'gqdk&if aemufxyf odkif;uGuftopfawG xyfroifcsifbl;vm;}}
þpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifxifcsdwfrSm txl;yif pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
e*g;NzLvdk odkif;ynm&Sif wpfa,mufxHrS odkif;ynmrsm;udk qufvufoifMum;EdkifcGifhonf tvGefyif
xl;uJaom tcGifhtvrf;Nzpfonf r[kwfygvm;/
vifxifcsdwfonf 'DvdktcGifhtvrf;rsKd;udk vufrvTwfvdkay/
odkYaomf ...
tcGifhtvrf;ay:wkdif; rqifrNcif t&,lzdkY roifhavsmfonfudkvnf; vifxifcsdwf odonf/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIudk wnfNidrfatmif xdef;vdkufNyD; ...
]]oifawmh oifcsifygw,f? 'gayr,fh}}
]]'gayr,fh bmNzpfovJ? aNymprf;ygOD;}}
e*g;NzLu vifxifcsdwf\pum;udk Nzwfum ar;vdkuf\/
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLudk wpfcsufarmhMunfhNyD;aemuf ...
]][kd ... uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmf taNccHodyfrydkifao;bl;vkdY xifrdygw,f? okdif;uGuf topfawGxyfNyD;
avhusifhoif,lvdkY NzpfEdkifyghrvm; q&m}}
145
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzLu vifxifcsdwfudk tomMunfhNyD; NyKH;vdkufonf/
&dk;om;pGm wkHYNyefvmonfh pum;aMumifh olUudk ,cifuxufyifydkí ESpfoufoabmus oGm;rdonf/
odkif;orm;rsm;onf odkif;ynm wpfqifhxufwpfqifh Nrifhrm;vdkMuonf/ tNcm;aom odkif;orm;rsm;xuf
odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf omvGefvdkMuonf/
tcsKUd tvk&d r®uMf uD;rm;aom odik ;f orm;rsm;onf rdrw d Ykd\ odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nf Nrifrh m;a&;twGuf rw&m;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;Nzifh vkyfaqmifwwfMuonf/
xdkokdY rw&m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;Nzifh vkyfaqmifcJhMuaomaMumifh odkif;avmuwGif wdkufcdkufrIrsm;?
&efaMuG;&efprsm; tawmrowfatmifyif Nzpfay:ae&ayonf/
vifxifcsw d u f rl xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;yif rdr\ d odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nf wpfqifx h ufwpfqifh wd;k wufNrifrh m;vmEdik rf nfh
tcGifhtvrf;udk awGUMuKH&ygvQuf tirf;r&rNzpfbJ qifqifNcifNcifESifh rdrdESifhoifhwifh&kH odkif;ynmudkom
oif,lvdkonfhoabmudk aNymqdkaeonf/
e*g;NzL\pdwfxJwGif xl;qef;onfh vlcRefwpfa,mufudk awGUae&NyD[k xifrdonf/
]]rif;udk,frif; bmaMumifh taNccH odyfrydkifao;bl;vdkY xif&wmvJ}}
e*g;NzLu vifxifcsdwfudk ar;onf/
þwGif vifxifcsw d uf e*g;NzLrd;k yso
H ikd ;f uGurf v
S í
JG tNcm;odik ;f uGurf sm; avhusiu hf pm;onft h cgwGif e*g;NzL
twGif;tm;udk vnfywftokH;NyKvQif wcgwcgwGif wudk,fvkH; tyfrsm;Nzifh xdk;qGcH&ovdk Nzpf&aMumif;rsm;udk
aNymNyonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ pum;rsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf e*g;NzLu NyKH;&,fum ...
]]'g[m rif;&JUodkif;ynm taNccH rckdifrmvdkY r[kwfbl;? rif;&JU twGif;tm;u Nrifhrm;euf&Idif;aeNyD;
rif;avhusifhwJh odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rIawGrSm rqdkpavmuf vdktyfcsufav;awG [muGufav;awG &SdaevdkYyJ? tJ'D
vkdtyfcsufav;awGudk igaxmufNyNyKNyifay;r,f? rif;tck e*g;NzL u0draemokdif;ynmxJu odkif;uGuf b,fESpfuGuf
wwfaNrmufaeNyDvJ}}
]]okH;uGuf wwfaNrmufaeygNyD}}
]]bm odkif;uGufawGvJ}}
]]e*g;NzL rdk;ysHodkif;uGuf? e*g;NzL aNravQmufokdif;uGufeJY e*g;NzL&pfacGodkif;uGuf awGygyJ q&m}}
]]e*g;NzL rdk;ysHodkif;uGufudkawmh rif;taeeJY aumif;aumif;wwfaNrmufaeNyDaygh}}
]][kwfygw,f}}
]]aumif;NyD? 'gqdk&if tckrif;udk e*g;NzL aNravQmufokdif;uGuf upm;Nyr,f? rif;em;vnfxm;wJh txJrSm
b,fvdk vdktyfcsufawG &Sdw,fqdkwm aoaocsmcsm Munfh&IrSwfom;ayawmh}}
e*g;NzLonf xdkodkY aNymMum;NyD;aemuf e*g;NzL aNravQmufodkif;uGufudk okH;MudrfokH;cgwdkifwdkif tNyeftvSef
vIyf&Sm;upm; Nyonf/
vifxifcsdwfuvnf; e*g;NzL vIyf&Sm;upm;Nyonfh e*g;NzL aNravQmufodkif;uGuf vIyf&Sm;[efrsm;udk
aoaocsmcsm Munfh&IrSwfom;xm;onf/ vIyf&Sm;rI wpfckwavrQudkyif rvGwf&atmif tao;pdwf avhvmonf/
e*g;NzL\ odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk Munfh&Iavhvm&awmhrSyif rdrdwwfaNrmufxm;aom
e*g;NzLaNravQmufodkif;uGuf\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif vpfuGuf[muGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk vifxifcsdwf awGU&onf/
e*g;NzLu odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm; upm;NyNyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwfudk avhusifh upm;ckdif;onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf rdrdwGif&Sdaeaom vpfuGuf[muGufrsm;udk NyKNyifum e*g;NzLavhusifhupm;Nyonfh
vIyf&Sm;rItwdkif; e*g;NzL aNravQmufodkif;uGufudk avhusifhupm;onf/
þtcgwGif e*g;NzLaNravQmufodkif;uGufonf ,cifuxuf ydkrdkoGufvuf Nrefqefvmonf/ ydkrdk
tm;Nynfhvmonf/ e*g;NzL twGif;tm;udk xnfhoGif; vIyf&Sm;&mwGifvnf; tvGefyifvdkufzufnDaMumif; awGU&onf/
,cifuuJhokdY udk,fcE¨mxJwGif tyfESifhxdk;pdkufcH&ovdk wppfppf emusifrIrsKd;udkvnf; rcHpm;&awmhay/
vifxifcsdwf txl;yif 0rf;omoGm;onf/ e*g;NzLaNravQmufodkif;uGufudk NyefvSefavhusifh upm;aeonf/
pdwfwdkif;us avhusifhupm;NyD;aemuf okdif;avhusifhrIudk&yfum e*g;NzLtm; vSrf;Munfhonf/
146
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzL r&Sdawmh/
xGufcGmoGm;avNyD/
vifxifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLrdk;ysH odkif;uGufESifh e*g;NzL aNravQmufodkif;uGufwkdYrSm wpfaeYxufwpfaeY ydkrdktpGrf;
xufNrufvmonf/
e*g;NzL &pfacGodkif;uGufrSmum; bmrQwdk;wufrI r&SdcJhay/
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzL a&mufvmrnfh&ufudk apmifharQmfaerdonf/ e*g;NzLa&mufvmNyD; vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
axmufNyay;cJhvQif vifxifcsdwf\ e*g;NzL&pfacG odkif;uGufrSmvnf; NynfhpkHum wdk;wufvmEdkifrnf r[kwfygvm;/
ckepf&ufNynfhaomtcg e*g;NzL ay:vmyghrnfvm;[k vifxifcsdwfu arQmfvifhwMuD;Nzifh apmifhvifhaerdonf/
okdYaomf rnfonfhtwGufaMumifhawmh rod/ e*g;NzLu ay:rvmcJhay/
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzL oifNyay;oGm;aom odkif;uGufESpfuGufudk avhusifh&if; e*g;NzL&pfacG
odkif;uGufwGifvnf; [muGufvpfuGufrsm; &Sdr&Sd pl;prf;&SmazG Munfhonf/
odkYaomf rnfonfhvdktyfcsufudkrQ &SmazGí rawGUcJhay/
&ufawGuawmh rSefrSefukefvGefaeonf/ vifxifcsdwfonf q&me*g;NzLudk wpfaeUawGUEdk; wpfaeUqkHEdk;ESifh
aeYpOfyif apmifhpm;aerdonf/
q&me*g;NzLu ay:rvm/
aysmufcsufom; aumif;aeonf/
q&me*g;NzL ay:rvmao;aomfvnf; vifxifcsdwftzdkY olodvdkonfh vlwpfa,muf\taMumif;udkum;
owif;wpfpGef;wpfp Mum;odcJh&onf/
a':av;vdefvdefESifh ywfoufonfh owif;yifNzpfonf/
0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrS vufoifokdif;orm;rsm;udk okH;vwpfMudrf e*g;NzLa*[m tNyifbufokdYxGufum
vnfywfcGifhay;onf/
xdkokdY vnfywfcGifh&aom aeYwpfaeYwGif Nzpfonf/
vif x if c sd w f o nf yD u if ; NrKd U pG e f b uf o k d Y wpf a ,muf w nf ; xG u f v mcJ h o nf / pd w f a t;vuf a t;
tem;,lvkdaomaMumifh vlpnfum;onfh NrdKUvnfokdYroGm;bJ vlolusJyg;onfh NrdKUtpGefbufokdY xGufvmcJhNcif;
Nzpfayonf/
NrdKUpGefokdY a&mufaomtcg vl&Sif;aom pm;aomufqdkifwpfqdkifxJokdY 0ifa&mufNyD; pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;
rSmMum;pm;aomufonf/
qdkifxJwGif vl&Sif;aeonfqdkaomfvnf; vifxifcsdwfwpfa,mufwnf;awmh r[kwfay/
tNcm;pm;aomufaeol ESpfa,muf&Sdaeonf/
xdkolESpfa,mufonf qdkif\taemufbuf axmifhususpm;yGJwGifxkdifum pm;aomufaeMuonf/
vifxifcsdwfu qdkif\ta&SUbuf axmifhusus pm;yGJwGif ae&m,lonf/
xdkolESpfa,mufonf wD;wdk;wD;wdk;ESifh pum;aNymaeMuonf/ tpwGifawmh vifxifcsdwfonf
xdkvlESpfa,muf\ pum;awGudk pdwfr0ifpm;/
rdrdbmom pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk cyfat;at; pm;aomufaeonf/
okdYaomf pum;wpfcGef;udk trSwfrxif Mum;rd&mrS xdkvlESpfa,muf\ pum;rsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;oGm;&onf/
]]b,fvdkvJ a&Smif0rf? rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifaMumifh rif;wdkYvlpk tawmfudk tvkyfrsm;oGm;Muw,fqdk}}
vlwpfa,muf\ pum;oHu vifxifcsdwf\ pdwftm&kHudk EId;qGvdkufonf/
trSwfrxifMum;vdkuf&onfh xdkpum;vkH;rsm;aMumifh vifxifcsdwfonf xkdolESpfa,muf\ pum;0dkif;udk
pdwf0ifpm;oGm;onf/
xdkYaMumifh xdkvlESpfa,muf qufaNymrnfhpum;rsm;udk tm&kHpdkufum em;axmifaerdonf/
aNymMum;aeonfh pum;oHrsm;rSm cyfwdk;wkd;om Nzpfonf/ okdYaomf e*g;NzLtwGif;tm; avhusifhatmifNrifNyD;
aomwtm&kH xufNrufaeaom vifxifcsdwftwGufrl xkdvlESpfa,mufaNymonfh pum;rsm;udk aumif;pGmMum;&onf/
a&Smif0rfqdkolu ...
147
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][kwfyAsm? wuwnf; awmxJawmifxJrSm av;ig;q,f&ufavmufudk r&yfrem;bJ vdkuf&Sm&wmAs}}
]]igu 'DtaMumif;udk owif; okd;okd;oefYoefYawmh Mum;rdom;? 'gayr,fh b,fvdkNzpfMuw,fqdkwmudkawmh
aoaocsmcsm rodao;bl;? uJ ... aNymprf;ygOD;uGm}}
]]uGrfeefNrdKU aNrydkif&Sif olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsef&JUtdrfrSm rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifu &Sdaewmudk;? tpuawmh
b,f o l r S r od M ubl ; ? aemuf q k H ; rS ol a X;MuD ; u od o G m ;NyD ; ol u d k , f w k d i f uRef a wmf w d k Y *d k P f ; csKyf M uD ; qD
vmtaMumif;Mum;w,f}}
]]tif; ... [kwfNyD? aemufawmhaum}}
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;vJ tm;&0rf;omyJ &Sif;wmhcsefeJY twlwlvdkufoGm;wmaygh? 'gayr,fh &Sif;wmhcsef&JU
tdrfudka&mufawmh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif r&Sdawmhbl;}}
]]a[ ... b,fudk aysmufoGm;wmvJ}}
]]qef;awmh qef;w,fAs? tJ'Daumifav;u t&dkuftESufcH&NyD; 'Pf&mtNyif;txef&xm;wm owdawmif
arhaew,fqdkyJ? 'DMum;xJrSm aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufoGm;awmh tpu tawmfhudk tawG;&usyfp&m Nzpfukefwmaygh}}
]]aumifav; b,fvdk aysmufoGm;w,f qdkwmudkaum od&ovm;}}
]]wdwu d susawmh b,f[w k rf vJ? aumifav;udk wpfa,mufa,muf ac:xkwo f mG ;w,fvYdk yJ rSe;f q&wmaygh?
olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefu olYtdrfa*[mu vlawGudk aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;Munfhawmh vdefvdefqdkwJh &Ha&Gazmf
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf aysmufaewmudk awGU&w,fqkdyJ}}
]]vdefvdef}} [laom trnfudk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtcg vifxifcsdwf\ &ifxJwGif 'def;ueJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;\/
xdkolESpfa,muf\ pum;rsm;udkvnf; ydkítm&kHpdkufum em;axmifonf/
a&Smif0rfqdkolu qufvufí ...
]]olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsefu uRefawmfwdkY *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qD csufcsif;vmNyD; tusKd;taMumif; aNymw,f?
*d k P f ; csKyf M uD ; uvJ uRef a wmf w d k Y wawG u d k vl c G J N yD ; awmeif ; t&S m cd k i f ; w,f ? b,f a e&m b,f t &yf u d k
xGufaNy;oGm;rSef;rodbJ &rf;orf;NyD; vdkuf&Sm&wmqdkawmh yifyef;ovm; rar;eJY? uRefawmfwdkYwawGqdk&if
aocsifapmfudk eHoGm;awmhwmygyJ}}
]]vkduf&Smawmh b,fvdktaMumif;xl;ovJ? aNc&maum aumufrd&JUvm;}}
]]okH;&ufvkH;vkH; tyifyef;cH vdkuf&SmNyD;awmhrS acsmufurf;yg;wpfckxJrSm vdefvdef&JU tavmif;udk
oGm;awGU&w,f}}
vifxifcsdwf &ifxw J iG f [mceJ NzpfomG ;onf/ rdru d dk ulnu
D ,fwifay;cJah om *&kPm&Sirf av; aoqk;H oGm;NyD
qdkygvm;/
vifxifcsdwfonf rdbrJh wpfaumif;MuGuf wpfa,muftNzpf MuD;Nyif;vmcJh&ol Nzpfonf/ rdrdtay:
apwemxm;um ulnDu,fwifay;cJhol vdefvdefudk tpfrwpfa,mufvdk? rdcifwpfa,mufvdk cifrifoHa,mZOf
wG,frdonf/
vdefvdefudk awGUatmif&Smum aus;Zl;qyfrnf [kvnf; qkH;Nzwfxm;\/ ,ckawmh vdefvdefcrsm
awmxJawmifxJwGif uG,fvGefoGm;&&SmavNyD/ vifxifcsdwftaeNzifh vdefvdefudk b,faomtcgwGifrQ
NyefvnfawGUEdkifawmhrnf r[kwf/
]][dk ... rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif aumifav;&JU tavmif;aum awGU&ovm;vm;}}
a&Smif0rf\ tazmfu ar;onf/
]]aumifav;&JU tavmif;awmh rawGU&bl;? 'gayr,fh 'Daumifav;u aovkarsmyg; 'Pf&m&aewmqdkawmh
vdev f ed &f UJ tultnDrygbJ vIyv f yI &f mS ;&Sm;awmif oGm;Edik rf mS r[kwbf ;l ? vdev
f ed af oqk;H oGm;NyDqadk wmh 'Daumifav;vJ
b,ftouf&SifEdkifawmhrSmvJ? 'gayr,fh ...}}
]]bm 'gayr,fhvJuG? aNymprf;ygOD;}}
a&Smif0rfu toHudk ydkrdkESdrfhcsum cyfwdk;wkd;Nzifh ...
]]uRefawmfwdkY *dkPf;csKyfMuD;uawmh aumifav;&JU tavmif;udk rawGU&wJhtwGuf odyfrauseyfcsifbl;?
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif[m xl;Ncm;wJhvl NzpfwmaMumifh tNzpfqef;awGeJY MuKH&NyD; toufab;u vGwfaumif;vGwfEdkifr,fvdkY
148
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,kHMunfaew,f? 'gaMumifh rSJY&SpfvkH;&SiftaMumif; qufpkHprf;aewkef;yJ? 'gayr,fh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifqdkwm owif;om
[kdae&mu Mum;&? 'Dae&muMum;& Nzpfaewm? bmrSawmh a&a&&m&m r&Sdao;ygbl;av}}
a&Smif0rfwYkd ESpaf ,muf\ aNympum;rsm;t& vdev f ed af oqk;H oGm;&onfh taMumif;udk vifxifcsdwo f &d onf/
xkdYNyif rdrdudk odkif;orm;trsm;u vdkufvHpkHprf; &SmazGaeMuaMumif;udkvnf; em;vnf&Nyefonf/
rdrdtaMumif;udk vQKdU0Sufxm;NyD; bmrQ rxl;Ncm;onfh omrefvlwpfa,muftaeNzifh ydyd&d&d aexdkifoGm;zdkY
ta&;MuD;aMumif;udkvnf; vifxifcsdwf oabmaygufoGm;\/
vifxifcsdwfonf pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk cyfat;at;yif qufvuf pm;aomufaeonf/
olYtrlt&mrSm tNyifyef;taeNzifh MunfhvQif bmrQrxl;Ncm;/ odkYaomf pdwfxJwGifrl vdefvdeftwGuf
tvGefxdckdufaMuuGJaeonf/ uG,fvGefoGm;&Smol vdefvdefwpfa,muf aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygap[líom
vifxifcsdwf qkawmif;&awmhonf/
e*g;NzLESifh 'kwd,tMudrf awGUcJhNyD;aemuf wpfvNynfhaNrmufaom&ufwGif e*g;NzLonf vifxifcsdwfxHokdY
a&mufvmonf/
e*g;NzL a&mufvmonfESifh e*g;NzL&pfacGodkif;uGuf\ vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk axmufNyum vufawGUvnf;
avhusifhupm; NycJhonf/
þod k Y Nzif h vif x if c sd w f o nf rd r d \ e*g;NzL&pf a cG od k i f ; uG u f w G i f vd k t yf a eonf r sm;ud k
vufawGUodNrifcJh&avawmhonf/
]]rif ; &J U od k i f ; ynmavh u sif h r I a wG trsm;MuD ; wd k ; wuf v mygw,f ? 'gayr,f h igh t aeeJ Y u awmh
tm;r&Edkifao;bl;}}
e*g;NzL&pfacGoikd ;f uGuu f kd Nynfph aHk tmif oifNyay;NyD;aemuf e*g;NzLu aNymonf/ vifxifcsdw\ f pdwx f w J iG f
e*g;NzL\pum;rsm xl;qef;ovdkvdk xifrdonf/
]]uRefawmfwYkd 0Hyak vGNzL*dP k ;f cGu
J odik ;f orm;awGtzkYd e*g;NzLu0draemodik ;f uGuf ok;H uGuu f ykd J oifMum;Edik cf iG hf
&Sdygw,f q&m? odkif;ynm ppfaq;wJhtcg atmifNrifNyD; usm;NzL*dkPf;cGJ0if tqifhudka&mufawmhrS ...}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pum;rqkH;rD e*g;NzLu tomvufum NyvdkufNyD; ...
]]'gawGudk igodygw,f? rif;[m odkif;ynmppfaq;rIawGudk atmifNrifNyD; *dkPf;cGJtqifhqifh wufoGm;rSmygyJ?
ukefukefaNym&&if igwwfxm;orQ odkif;ynmtm;vkH;udkvJ rif;taeeJY tarGqufcHwwfaNrmufrSmygyJ}}
]]'gqdk&if bmrsm;tm;r&Edkif Nzpfae&wmvJ q&m}}
]]rif;udk ighxufawmif odkif;ynm ydkxl;cRefapcsifw,f? odkif;avmuwcGifrSm ,SOfEdkifolr&SdwJh odkif;Ouif
Nzpfapcsifw,f}}
vifxifcsdwfonf tvdkavmbMuD;ol wpfa,mufr[kwf/ NydKifpH&Sm;onfh okdif;Ouif Nzpf&efvnf;
&nf&G,fcsufr&Sd/
odkYaomf e*g;NzLESifh tNiif;tckH rNyKvdkaomaMumifh bmrQraNymbJ cyfqdwfqdwfyif aevdkufonf/
]]tck q d k & if rif ; wwf a Nrmuf x m;wJ h e*g;NzLu0d r aem od k i f ; uG u f o k H ; uG u f [ m NyD ; Nynf h p k H o G m ;NyD ?
'Dokdif;uGufawGudk ydkNyD; ydkifEdkifatmif avhusifh? rif;taeeJY 0HykavGNzL *dkPf;cGJuae usm;NzL*dkPf;cGJudk
wdk;NrSifhcH&wJhtcgusrS igqufNyD; vkdtyfwmawGudk axmufNyay;r,f}}
]][kwfuJh uRefawmf em;vnfygNyD q&m}}
]]igeJYawGUwJh taMumif;awG? igu rif;udk odkif;ynmoifMum;ay;wJh taMumif;awGudk b,folYrSraNymbJ
vQKdU0Sufxm;zdkYvJ rarheJY}}
]]aumif;ygNyD? uRefawmf vQKdU0Sufxm;yghr,f}}
]]at; ... igoGm;r,f}}
xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf e*g;NzLonf vSpfceJ udk,f[efvIyf&Sm;um aNy;xGufoGm;onf/
e*g;NzL aNy;xGufoGm;ykHrSm NrefqefvSonf/ vifxifcsdwf\ rsufpdxJwGif &dyfceJvIyf&Sm;rIudkom Nrif&NyD;
NrifuGif;rS wcPtwGif; aysmufuG,foGm;avawmhonf/

149
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (16)
e*g;NzLESifh rarQmfvifhbJ qkHawGU&Ncif;onf vifxifcsdwfudk b0wqpfcsKd; aNymif;vJapcJhonf/
e*g;NzL\ enf ; vrf ; Nyoay;rI a Mumif h vif x if c sd w f \ od k i f ; ynmonf wpf a eY w Ncm; wd k ; wuf
Nrifhrm;vmcJhonf/
odkYaomf e*g;NzLu olUtaMumif;udk vQKdU0Sufxm;&ef rSmMum;csufudk vifxifcsdwfrSm b0ifrusvSay/
xdkYNyif þodkYzkH;uG,f vQKdU0Sufxm;&Ncif;aMumifh olYrSmtawmfyif tae&txdkif& cufae&onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf &dk;om;yGifhvif;onf/
ta,mifaqmif vSnfhpm;rIwGifvnf; ruRrf;usifay/
e*g;NzLtaMumif;udk vQKdU0Suf zkH;zdxm;&Ncif;uyif olYtwGufav;vHaom 0efxkyf0efydk;MuD; wpfckvdk
Nzpfaeonf/
vifxifcsdw\ f twGi;f tm;ESihf odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nfrmS waeYwNcm; 'Da&tvm;uJo h Ydk wd;k wufvm&m 0Hyak vGNzL
*dkPf;cGJ&Sdodkif;orm;rsm;udk wm0ef,lí odkif;ynm oifMum;ay;aeol Zdrifwkef;xufyif odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf
omvGefívmonf/
olYtzdYk rdrxd uf odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nf edruhf saom Zdrifwek ;f xHwiG f [efaqmifí odik ;f ynm oif,al e&Ncif;onf
tvGefyif pdwfysufzG,f&m Nzpfaeonf/
xdkYNyif Zdrifwkef;ESifh tNcm;okdif;orm;rsm;a&SUwGif rdrd\ okdif;ynmpGrf;&nf tppftrSefudk ray:vGifap&ef
zkH;uG,f&if; odkif;uGufrsm; vIyf&Sm;avhusifh oifMum;ae&onfhtwGuf rdrdvdyfNymrdrd rvkHEdkifatmifvnf; Nzpfaeonf/
rdrdonf rnfrQMumatmif ydyd&d&d zkH;uG,fxm;Edkifygrnfenf;/
vifxifcsdwf rdrdudk,frdrd pdwfrcsEdkifatmif Nzpfaeonf/
rdrdzkH;uG,f ta,mifaqmifrI ay:aygufoGm;onfh waeYwGif NyóemawG &IyfukefEdkifaMumif; awG;ylrdonf/
rdrd\ zkH;zdta,mifaqmifxm;rI ray:aygufygapESifh [líom vifxifcsdwf usdwfum qkawmif;&onf/
150
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkYaomf ...
vifxifcsdwf qkawmif; rNynfhcJhay/
e*g;NzLa*[m *dkPf;cGJtoD;oD;rS odkif;orm;rsm;\ odkif;ynmt&nftcsif;rsm;udk ppfaq;rnfh e*g;NzLa*[m
odkif;ynmNydKifyGJMuD; NyKvkyf&ef&uf wNznf;Nznf; eD;uyfvmonf/
*dkPf;cGJtoD;oD;rS wm0efcH *dkPf;cGJrª;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY*dkPf;cGJ&Sd wynfhokdif;orm;rsm;\ odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfudk
yGJr0ifcif tNyifuusif;yqdkovdk tcsif;csif; vuf&nfprf;rIrsm; NyKvkyfí ppfaq;aeMuonf/
Zdrifwkef;uvnf; ol\ 0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm;\ odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfudk prf;oyfonfhtaeNzifh
vuf&nfprf;yGJrsm; NyKvkyftuJcwfonf/
,aeUonf 0H y k a vG N zL *d k P f ; cG J r S od k i f ; orm;rsm;\ e*g;NzL rd k ; ysH o d k i f ; uG u f pG r f ; &nf u d k
prf;oyftuJcwfonfhaeYNzpfonf/
twGJvdkuf &ifqkdifum vuf&nfprf;yGJü vifxifcsdwf\ tvSnfhwGif udk;zkef;ydefqdkol odkif;orm;ESifh
&ifqdkif&onf/ udk;zkef;ydefonf vifxifcsdwfxuf t&yfNrifhum udk,fvkH;udk,fxnfvnf; MuD;xGm;onf/
tm;cGefAvvnf; ydkaumif;onf/
pwif&ifqdkifrdonfESifh udk;zkH;ydefonf tiftm;MuD;rm;rIudk tm;udk;um vifxifcsdwfudk twif;w&Murf;
xkd;ppfqifwdkufcdkufonf/
]]0SD; ...}}
udk;zkH;ydefu pwifí vufoD;wpfcsuf cyfNyif;Nyif; xdk;ESufum yGJpvdkuf\/
okdif;uGuf oabmt& xdkokdY wdkufcdkufvmvQif vifxifcsdwfu ckefysHum a&Smifwdrf;&rnf Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf odkif;uGufoabmt& e*g;NzL rdk;ysHodkif;uGufNzifh ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;&rnf Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf odkif;uGufoabmt& e*g;NzL rdk;ysHodkif;uGufNzifh ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;vdkufonf/
udk;zkH;ydef\ wdkufckdufrIrSm Nyif;xefvSNyD; Nrefvnf; NrefqefvSonfhtwGuf vifxifcsdwfonf
ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;&mwGif twGif;tm;udk vkdonfxuf ydkokH;vdkufrdonf/
twGif;tm;udk vdktyforQom xdef;odrf;í tokH;NyK&ef pdwful;xm;aomfvnf; wpfzufvl\ wdkufckdufrIu
Nyif;xefvSaomaMumifh rnfokdYrQ r&nf&G,fygbJESifh twGif;tm; q,fykH&SpfykHcefY xnfhokH;vdkufrdonf/
þwGif vifxifcsdw\ f ud, k cf E¨monf ayghyg;pGm aNrmufMuGwufomG ;\/ ud;k zk;H yde\ f wdu k cf sufukd vG,u f pl mG
a&Smifwdrf;vdkufEdkifonf/
twGif;tm;udk ydkrdkNznfhokH;xm;onfhtwGuf aNrmufMuGwufoGm;onfh tNrifhrSm 0HykavGNzL *dkPf;cGJ0if
odkif;orm;wpfa,muftwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh pHcsdeftNrifhxuf rsm;pGm omvGefaeonf/
rdrdtaeNzifh twGif;tm;pdkufxkwfrI rsm;oGm;aMumif;udk vifxifcsdwf odvdkufcsdefwGif rsm;pGmaemufusoGm;NyD/
Nyefvnfxdef;csKyfí r&awmh/
rdrw d ynfrh sm;\ &ifqikd w f ukd cf u
dk yf u
Hk kd aoaocsmcsm tuJcwfMunf&h aI eaom Zdrifwek ;f onf vifxifcsdw\ f
ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;rIudk NrifonfESifh rsufarSmifwpfcsuf MuKwfoGm;onf/
xdtk csdeu f mvonf e*g;NzLa*[mtzdYk a&Smifvifausmif;awmf tygt0if odik ;f tzGUJ tpnf; tawmfrsm;rsm;ESihf
NyóemyGm;ae&csdefNzpf&m owd&Sd&SdESifh vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif ae&onf/
txl;oNzifh olYvu l ,
kd bhf ufom;vkyu f m twGi;f usdwí
f zsufq;D vmrnfh olvQKdwYkd ukd rsufpad 'gufaxmufum
Munfhae&onfh tcsdefvnf; Nzpfonf/
Zdrifwkef;\ pl;&Saom rsufpdtNrifwGif vifxifcsdwfonf vufoifokdif;orm; wpfa,mufr[kwfbJ
twGif;tm; Nynfh0aumif;rGefol wpfa,muftNzpf xif&Sm;odom oGm;avNyD/
0HykavGNzL *dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf tqifhNrifhtwGif;tm;rsm;udk avhusifhcGifh r&SdMuay/ omref
taNccHtwGi;f tm;udo k m avhusifNh yD; u0draemodik ;f ynm\ odik ;f uGuq f ,f&h pS u
f u
G rf S ok;H uGuu f o kd m oifMum;Edik cf iG hf
&Sdonf/
,ck vifxifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;tawmfyif Nrifhrm;euf&Idif;aeonfNzpf&m Zdrifwkef;tzdkY tMuD;tus,f
oHo,0if oGm;avawmh\/
151
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
Zdrifwkef;onf vifxifcsdwftay: oHo, 0ifrdaomfvnf; bmrQrvkyfao;bJ £aNE´rysuf &yfae\/
odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf ,SOfNydKifrIrsm;udk qufvuf NyKvkyfap\/
odkif;ynm pGrf;&nf,SOfNydKifrI NyD;aomtcg Zdrifwkef;u wynfhwpfOD;csif;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk
axmufNyaNymqdkonf/
rMumrD usif;yawmhrnf e*g;NzLa*[m odkif;ynmNydKifyGJMuD;wGif MudK;pm;,SOfNydKifMu&ef Mo0g'ay;NyD;aemuf
vlpkcGJvdkufMuonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tNcm;tazmfrsm;ESifhtwl 0HykavGNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm; aexdkif&onfh taqmifokdY
NyefvmcJhonf/
vuf & nf p rf ; yG J NyKvk y f p Of u twG i f ; tm;ud k wd k ; NrS i f h t ok H ; NyKcJ h r d o nf h t wG u f rd r d \ zk H ; uG , f
ta,mifaqmifxm;rIawG ay:aygufoGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfpdwf ay:rdaom vifxifcsdwfrSm vlpkcGJonftxd taNctae
at;at;csrf;csrf; &SdaeaomaMumifh tawmfyif pdwfat;vufat; &SdoGm;onf/
xdkaeY naepmtwGuf pm;zkdaqmifrS txl;[if;vsmrsm; pDrHcsufNyKwf auR;arG;onf/
odkif;ynm vuf&nfprf;yGJwGif yifyef;cJh&onfhtwGuf 0HykavGNzL *dkPf;cGJ0if odkif;orm;rsm;onf tm;&yg;&
pm;aomufMuonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tazmfrsm;enf;wlyif xrif;[if;vsmrsm;udk tm;&yg;& pm;aomufonf/
qmqmESifh tm;&yg;& pm;aomufNyD; AdkufNynfhoGm;onfwGif idkufrsOf;vmaomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfonf
acwåomem;aeNyD; tdyf&modkY 0ifav\/
tdyf&mxufwGif vJavsmif;um acgif;tkH;xufwGif acgif;csrdonfESifh ESpfNcdKufpGm tdyfaysmfoGm;avawmhonf/
vifxifcsdwf tdyf&mrS Edk;vmonf/
tdyfaysmf&mrS Edk;vmonfESifh tvGefyif tHhMoxdwfvefYoGm;rdonf/
ola&muf&SdaeonfrSm ol\tdyfcef;xJwGif r[kwfbJ tcsKyfcef;wpfck Nzpfaeonf/
yxrwGif tHhtm;oifhoGm;rdaomfvnf; csufcsif;qdkovdk taNctaeudk em;vnfvmonf/
]]tif; ... iguawmh ighudk,fig [kwfvSNyD xifaewm? Zdrifwkef;u igh&JUrSm;uGufudk odoGm;NyD;
ighudktrdzrf;vdkufwmudk;? ighb0 wpfrsKd;aNymif;vJ &awmhr,f xifyg&JU}}
vifxifcsdwf\ todu aemufuscJhavNyD/ wpfzufvludk txifao;rdaomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfrSm
tcsKyfcef;xJwGif a&mufae&avNyD/
þudpöudk rnfokdY aNz&Sif;&rnfenf;/
tvG,fwulESifhawmh aNyvnfatmif aNz&Sif;&Edkifrnf r[kwf/
rnfokdYaom ppfaq;ar;Nref;rIrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif&rnfenf;/ vifxifcsdwf awG;awm ylyefaerdonf/
tcsKyfcef;xJwGif okH;&ufwkdifwkdif rnfonfhppfaq;rIrsm;udkrQ rMuKHbJ tusOf;cHaecJh&onf/
xdk&ufrsm;twGif; r0a&pmudkom pm;aomufae&onf/
okH;&ufausmfNyD; av;&ufaNrmufaeYwGif vifxifcsdwf&Sd&m tcsKyfcef;xJokdY tiftm;Av oefpGrf;vSaom
vloefMuD; okH;a,muf 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
]]rif;u igwdkYqDudkvmNyD; olvQKdvkyfwJh aumifav;vm;}}
vloefMuD;wpfa,mufu aNymaNymqdq k Ekd iS hf vufwiG u
f ikd x
f m;aom wkwNf zifh vifxifcsw d u f kd vdrS ;f í&du
k o
f nf/
pdwfwdkif;us &dkufESufNyD;rS xdkvfMuD;u vifxifcsdwfudk ar;cGef;xkwfonf/
]]rif;udk b,folu ckdif;vdkufvkdY igwkdYa*[mrSm olvQKdvmvkyf&w,fqdkwm aNymprf;}}
vifxifcsdwfrSm vGefpGmtcuf awGUoGm;onf/
rd r d o nf ol w d k Y p G y f p G J aeMuovd k ol v QKd r [k w f a Mumif ; ? od k i f ; ynmud k &d k ; om;pG m oif M um;aeol
wpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; xkdolrsm; ,kHMunfvufcHatmif rnfokdY &Sif;Ny&rnfenf;/
]][dwf ... ar;aewm aNzprf;}}
vloefMuD;u ar;cGef;udk xyfqifhar;&if; vifxifcsdwfudk wkwfNzifh &Trf;ceJ wpfcsuf&dkufvkdufonf/
]]uRefawmfhudk b,folurS rcdkif;bl;? uRefawmf olvQKdvJ r[kwfbl;}}
152
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vifxifcsdwfu emusifrIudk MudwfrSdwfcH&if; NyefaNzonf/
vloefMuD; okH;a,mufu 0dkif;0ef; &dkufESufMuNyefonf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm vloefMuD; okH;a,muf\ Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf; 0dkif;0ef;&dkufESufrI'Pfudk tvl;tvJyif
cHae&onf/
]]uJ ... rSefwJhtwdkif; aNzprf;}}
&dkufESufrIrsm;udk cP&yfNyD; vfMuD;wpfa,muf ar;Nyefonf/
]]uRefawmf trSeftwdkif; aNymwmyg? uRefawmf olvQKdr[kwf ...}}
]]cGyf ...}}
vifxifcsdwfrSm pum;udk qkH;atmifraNymEdkif/
vloefMuD;wpfa,muf olYar;&dk;udk aNcaxmufNzifh uefcsvdkufonfhtwGuf pum;wpfydkif;wpfpESifh
yufvufvefum vJusoGm;onf/
tcsKyf c ef ; Murf ; Nyif a y:wG i f yuf v uf v ef vJ u soG m ;aom vif x if c sd w f u d k vl o ef M uD ; rsm;u
uefausmuf&dkufESuf MuNyefonf/
e*g;NzL\taMumif;udk xkwfazmfaNymNyvdkufvQif ,ckvdk t&dkuftESuf tnSif;yef;cHae&Ncif;rSm
oufomEdkifrnf NzpfaMumif; vifxifcsdwf odonf/
odkYaomf e*g;NzLESifh ywfoufonfh taMumif;rsm;udk xkwfazmfaNymMum;Ncif; rNyKbJ vQKdU0Sufxm;ygrnf[k
aNymxm;onfh uwdudk razmufzsufvdkYay/
]]vlqdkwm ay;xm;wJh uwdwnf&r,f? a,mufsm;aumif; wpfa,muf[m aoab;eJY MuKH&&ifawmif
ay;xm;wJh uwdudk rzsuf&bl;? uwdwnfwJhvl[m wdk;wufMuD;yGm;Edkifw,f? *kPfodu©m&Sdw,f}}
vifxifcsdwfonf pdwfxJrS xdkokdYawG;awmum ay;xm;aomuwdudk rzsuf/ e*g;NzL taMumif;udk xkwfazmf
aNymMum;Ncif;rNyK/
&dkufESuforQ uefausmuforQ nSif;yef;orQ tHMudwfum cHonf/
aemuf q k H ; wG i f a wmh vif x if c sd w f r S m &d k u f E S u f u ef a usmuf r I r sm;'Pf a Mumif h owd v pf
arhaNrmoGm;&avawmhonf/
ol o wd Nyef & vmaomtcg vl o ef M uD ; ok H ; a,muf w k d Y ud k rawG U &awmh a y/ tcsKyf c ef ; xJ w G i f
olwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdaeonf/
olYwpfudk,fvkH;onf emusifudkufcJ aeonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLtwGif;tm; usifhpOfudk avhusifhaeoNzifh twGif;tm; tawmfyif Nrifhrm;aeNyD;
Nzpfaomfvnf; toufi,f&G,fNyD; avhusifhrI tcsdefumvuvnf; odyfrMumao;onfhtwGuf twGif;tm;
euf&Idif;cdkifcHhNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
odkif;uGufodkif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif twGif;tm;udk tvkdufoifhxnfhoGif; tokH;NyKEdkifaomfvnf;
trmcHtiftm; taeNzifhrl tokH;rcswwfao;ay/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; vloefMuD; okH;a,mufwdkY\ 0dkif;0ef;&dkufESufrI'Pfudk ,ckvdk ememusifusif cHpm;ae&Ncif;
Nzpfonf/
twGif;tm; euf&Idif;cdkifchHaeNyD; twGif;tm;udkvnf; trmcHtiftm;taeNzifh tokH;NyKwwfrnfqdkvQif
vloefMuD;okH;a,muf\ &dkufcsufudk ,ckvdk ememusifusif cH&p&m taMumif;r&Sday/
vifxifcsdwfonf tcsKyfcef; Murf;NyifxufwGif rvIyfr,Suf NidrfoufpGmvJavsmif;&if; vQKdU0SufvGef;vSaom
e*g;NzLtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;Munfhrdonf/
]]q&m e*g;NzL[m b,fvdkvlpm;rsKd;ygvdrfh? olY&JU e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;ynm[m odyftqifhNrifhwmawmh
trSefyJ? 'gayr,fh ol[m e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;ynm&Sifvm;? e*g;NzLa*[m&JU rdwfaqGvm;? e*g;NzLa*[m&JU
&efolvm; qdkwmuawmh cGJNcm;zdkY cufaeNyD}}
e*g;NzLonf vifxifcsdwftzkdY tawmfyif ya[Vdqefaom vlwpfa,muf Nzpfaeonf/
awG;avwkdif; ydkí pdwf&Iyfp&mawG ay:vmonf/
153
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]ol [ m e*g;NzLa*[mu od k i f ; ynm&S i f w pf a ,muf q d k & if tck v d k igh u d k q&mZd r if w k e f ; wd k Y u
zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;wmudk odrSmyJ? bmaMumifhrsm; vmru,fwmygvdrfh}}
vif x if c sd w f o nf e*g;NzLtaMumif ; pOf ; pm;ae&mrS rd r d & if q d k i f a e&aom taNctaerS
rnfokdYvGwfaNrmufatmif vkyf&rnfudk qufvufawG;awmrdNyefonf/
]]bmyJNzpfNzpf ightaeeJY 'DvdkyJ tcsKyftaESmifcHaevdkY rNzpfawmhbl;? 'Dvdk tcsKyftaESmif cHxm;&wmuae
vGwfaNrmufatmif MuHaqmif&r,f}}
xdkokdY pOf;pm;rdvQif vifxifcsdwfonf vJavsmif;ae&mrS tomacgif;axmifum tcsKyfcef;\ taNctaeudk
avhvmMunfhonf/
tcsKyfcef;udk ausmufwkH;MuD;rsm;Nzifh tckdiftcHh aqmufvkyfxm;onf/ wHcg;rSmvnf; xlxJaom
oHwHcg;MuD;Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwf rqdkxm;bd? olYxuf odkif;ynmESifh twGif;tm; q,fqomvGefonfh odkif;ynm&SifyifvQif
þtcef;udkazmufxGif;um xGufaNy;Edkifrnf r[kwfay/
okdYaomf vifxifcsdwfuawmh tm;ravsmhyg/
rnfokdYrnfykH vGwfaNrmufatmif vkyf&rnfudkom trsKd;rsKd; tMuHxkwf pOf;pm;aeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif tcsKyfcef;&Sd&mokdY avQmufvSrf;vmonfh aNcoHrsm;Mum;&NyD; tcsKyfcef;wHcg;zGifhoHudkvnf;
Mum;&Nyefonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf tcsKyfcef; Murf;NyifxufwGif cyfaysmhaysmhacGum owdvpfarhaNrmaeonfh toGifrsKd;
ta,mifaqmif xm;vdkufonf/
tcsKyfcef;wHcg; yGifhoGm;onf/
xdkYaemuf vlESpfa,muf rD;tdrfudkudkifum tcsKyfcef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
tvif;a&mif 0dk;w0g;om&Sdaom tcsKyfcef;xJwGif rD;tdrf\ta&mifaMumifh vif;xdefoGm;onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf rsufpdudkpkHrSdwfum owdvpfonfhtoGifrsKd; NyKxm;onf/ rsufpdudk rSdwfxm;aomfvnf;
em;udktpGrf;ukef pGifhxm;onfhtwGuf tcsKyfcef;xJokdY 0ifvmolrsm;\ aNcoHESifh touf&SLoHrsm;udk Mum;&um
vlESpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; aocsmpGm odvdkufonf/
]]'Daumifav;u tawmfhudk acgif;rmaevdkY q&mMuD;u olukd,fwdkif ppfaq;Munfhcsifw,f aNymvdkufw,f?
'Dawmh olYudk q&mMuD;qD ac:oGm;&r,f}}
vlwpfa,muf\ aNymvdkufoHudk vifxifcsdwfMum;&onf/
]]q&mMuD;qdkwm b,folvJ? q&mZdrifwkef;awmh r[kwfEdkifbl;? olYudk q&mav;vdkYyJ ac:Muwmrsm;w,f}}
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]ac:csif&if ac:oGm;av? 'gayr,fh cifAsm; NrifwJhtwdkif;yJ 'Daumifav;u owdvpfaew,f}}
usefwpfa,muf\ pum;oHudk vifxifcsdwf Mum;&Nyefonf/
]]udpör&Sdygbl;? olYudk usKyfudk,fwkdif xrf;ac:oGm;rSmyg}}
]]aumif;NyD}}
vlwpfa,muf vifxifcsdwf\tem;odkY a&mufvmonf/ wqufwnf;yif vifxifcsdwf\ udk,fcE¨mudk
qGJrum yckH;xufwGif xrf;vdkufonf/
vifxifcsdwfu wpfukd,fvkH;&Sd taMumrsm;udk azsmhxm;vdkuf\/ ol\ cE¨mudk,frSm zGJtdwfMuD;vdk
aysmhaysmhtdtdEsifh xdkol\ yckH;xufokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
xdkolonf vifxifcsdwfudkxrf;NyD; tcsKyfcef;xJrS xGufoGm;onf/
]]'g ightwGuf tcGifhaumif;yJ? vrf;rSmvGwfvrf; &Sm&r,f}}
vifxifcsdwfu xdkokdYawG;NyD; rsufvkH;udk tomarS;pif;vsuf ryGifhwyGifhzGifhum ywf0ef;usiftaNctaeudk
tuJcwfMunfhonf/
tcsdefrSm ae0ifNyD; tarSmif&dyforf;p tcsdefNzpfonf/
xdkolonf pMuøvrf;av; wpfcktwdkif; vifxifcsdwfudk xrf;um avQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
154
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pMuøvrf;ay:wGif tapmifhtMuyfrsm; r&Sday/
pMuøvrf;ü oGm;vmaeol[lí vifxifcsdwfudk xrf;xm;ol vlwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sd\/
odkY&mwGif ...
xdkpMuøvrf; Nzwfoef;oGm;onfh tcef;rsm;xJrSrl pum;aNymoHrsm; Mum;ae&onfhtwGuf vlrsm;&SdaeaMumif;
od&onf/
onf v d k taNctaersKd ; wG i f xd k o l u d k wd k u f c d k u f u m tvG w f & k e f ; xG u f a Ny;vQif b,f e nf ; ES i f h r Q
rvGwfaNrmufEdkifay/
xdkYNyif rdrdudk xrf;ac:vmolonf e*g;NzLa*[m\ usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm; 0wfqifonfh
odkif;0wfpkHrsKd;udk 0wfxm;aMumif; vifxifcsdwfawGU&onf/
usm;opfNzL *dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufa&G;pif okdif;orm;rsm; NzpfMuonf/
vifxifcsdwftaeNzifh usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfaom xdkoludk tcsdefwdkwdktwGif;
tydkiftEdkifwdkufcdkufEdkifrSomvQif vGwfaNrmufxGufaNy;&ef tcGifhtvrf; &Sdayonf/
usm;opfNzL*dP k ;f cGrJ S odik ;f orm;wpfa,mufukd tcsdew f wkd Ekd iS hf tydik t
f Edik w
f u
kd cf u
kd zf Ykd qdo k nfrmS rvG,v f aS y/
tu,fí xdkoludk wpfuGufwnf;ESifh tydkiftEdkifwdkufckduf Edkifonfxm;? pMuøvrf;ab;&Sd tcef;rsm;xJrS
odkif;orm;rsm;\ tEå&Å m,fu &Sdao;onf/
rdrdudk xrf;ac:oGm;aeoltm; vifxifcsdwf wdkufcdkuf&efrSm rvG,fvSay/
tawmfyif tcufawGUae&onf/
vifxifcsdwftwGuf uHaumif;axmufronf[k qdk&rnf/ tcGifhtvrf;u rarQmfvifhbJ ay:vmonf/
olYudk xrf;ac:vmolonf pMuøvrf;rS z,fcGmí vloGm;vrf;av; wpfcktwdkif; avQmufvSrf;oGm;Nyefonf/
xdkvloGm;vrf;onf NcH0if;av;wpfckudk Nzwfoef;oGm;&onf/
xdkNcH0if;xJwGif vlol uif;&Sif;aeonf/
vifxifcsdwftwGuf tcGifhaumif;yif/
owdvpfaeol wpfa,mufvdk acGaysmhae&mrS &kwfw&uf vIyf&Sm;vdkufonf/
nmvufonf olYudk xrf;xm;onfhvl\ vnfukyfay:odkY zswfceJ usa&mufoGm;um vnfukyfay:&Sd
aoG;aMumuGufudk zdydwfypfvkdufonf/
xkdvlMuD;onf wpfukd,fvkH; qwfceJwkefum acGaysmhvJusoGm;onf/
vifxifcsw d o
f nf aNrNyifay:odYk tvdu k o
f ifh ckecf svukd of nf/ aNrMuD;ay: aNccs&yfro d nfEiS hf odik ;f uGuef if;um
vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkuf&ef toifhNyifxm;vdkufonf/
okdYaomf rnfonfhtEÅ&m,frQ ay:rvmcJhay/
xdkvlMuD;onf rvIyfr,Suf Nidrfoufaeonf/ tNcm;vl wa,mufwavrQ xdkae&modkY a&mufrvm/
wu,fawmh usm;opfNzL*dkPf;cGJrS odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfaom xdkvlMuD;udk vifxifcsdwftaeNzifh ,ckvdk
wpfcsufwnf;ESifh tydkiftEdkif wdkufckduf&efrSm rvG,fvSay/
xdkvlMuD;u olYudk owdvpfarhaNrmaeonf[kxifum cyfayghayghaerdcsdefwGif vifxifcsdwfu tvpfzrf;um
wdkufcdkufEdkifaomaMumifh ,ckvdk tEdkif,lvdkufEdkifNcif; Nzpfonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf vJusaeaom xdkvlMuD;udk wpfcsuftuJcwfMunfhNyD;aemuf eH&H&Sd&modkY vSpfceJ
aNy;oGm;onf/
yef;NcHav;onf e*g;NzLa*[mudk ywfywfvnf um&Hxm;onfh eH&HNrifhMuD;ESifh rvSrf;rurf;wGif wnf&Sdonf/
yef;NcH\tpGefwGif eH&HNrifhMuD;u rm;rm;MuD; &Sdaeonf/
xdkeH&Hudk ausmfEdkifvQif e*g;NzLa*[m y&0kPftNyifbufokdY a&mufoGm;ayrnf/ vifxifcsdwftzkdY
tEÅ&m,fpufuGif;NyifyodkY a&mufNyD[kvnf; qdkEdkifonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; vifxifcsdwfonf eH&H&Sd&mokdY OD;wnfum aNy;oGm;Ncif; Nzpfayonf/
tawGUtMuKHEke,fvSaom vifxifcsdwfonf vGwfaNrmufxGufaNy;&efukdom pdwfavmMuD;aeonfhtwGuf
ywf0ef;usifudk owdrl&ef arhavsmhoGm;onf/
155
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkokdY ywf0ef;usifudk owdrrlrdNcif;onf olYtwGuf rSm;uGufwpfck Nzpfonf/
xdkrSm;uGuftwGuf xdkufoifhaom wefzdk;udkvnf; olay;qyf&avawmhonf/
eH & H b uf o k d Y a&S U &I u m aNy;xG u f o G m ;aomol Y u d k tapmif h o k d i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf u awG U Nrif u m
tcsufay;armif;udk wD;vdkufonf/
wdwfqdwfaeaom ywf0ef;usifonf tcsufay;armif;oHrsm;ESifh qlnHoGm;awmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif vifxifcsdwfrSmvnf; eH&Htem;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;NyD Nzpfonf/
taNctaeuraumif;/ vifxifcsdwfvnf; wkYHqdkif;raeawmhbJ e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk okH;um eH&Hudk
vTm;ceJ ckefausmfvdkufonf/
eH&HrSm tawmfav;Nrifhonf/
awmf&kHwef&kH odkif;orm;wpfa,muftaeNzifh ckefausmf&ef rNzpfEdkifay/
vif x if c sd w f o nf e*g;NzLrd k ; ysH o d k i f ; uG u f u d k yd k i f y d k i f E d k i f E d k i f wwf a Nrmuf a eonf h t wG u f
onfrQavmufaomtNrifhudk t&ckefausmfEdkifrnf[k rdrdukd,frdrd,kHum ckefvTm;ausmfxGuf vdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
okdY&mwGif ...
vifxifcsdwfonf tcsKyfxJwGif r0a&pm pm;aomufum okH;&ufausmf av;&ufeD;yg; aecJh&onf/
vloefMuD;okH;a,mufwdkY\ Murf;wrf;pGm &dkufESufNcif;udkvnf; cHxm;&onf/
xdkYaMumifh tiftm;rsm; ,kwfavsmhaeonf/
xdkYNyif vifxifcsdwfonf tvGefyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeonf/ pdwftm&kH wnfNidrfNcif; r&Sd/
pdwftm&kH wnfNidrfNcif; r&SdonfhtwGuf twGif;tm;udk tNynfht0 rpkpnf;Edkif/
þwGif e*g;NzL rd;k ysHoikd ;f uGu\ f pGr;f &nfonf tNynft h 0 ay:xGurf vmawmh/ eH&u H kd vGwv f w G u f RwfuRwf
ckefausmfxGufEdkifNcif; r&Sdawmhay/
olonf tvefYwMum;yif vufEpS zf ufukd qefYwef;vdu k &f m eH&\ H xdyb f ufoYdk vufEpS zf ufNzifh qGrJ v d sufom;
NzpfoGm;onf/
vifxifcsdwfonf eH&HwGif ckdwGJrdaom vufESpfzufudk tm;NyKum wpfywfuRrf;xdk;vdkufonf/ ol\
udk,fcE¨monf aNrmufMuGum wpfywfvnfvsuf eH&H\tNcm;wpfzufodkY usa&mufoGm;onf/
tusuawmh odyfraumif;/
aNrNyifay:odkY wvdrfhaumufauG; xdk;usoGm;&m udkif&dkufovdk NzpfoGm;\/ aNcaxmufwpfzufonf
emusifrIa0'emudk tawmfNyif;Nyif; cHvdkuf&av\/
xdcdkuftemw&NzpfrIudk vifxifcsdwf tav;xm;raeEdkifay/
wpfcsufwkHYaES;aevQif e*g;NzLa*[mrS okdif;orm;rsm;vufwGif Nyefvnftzrf;cH&oGm;rnf NzpfonfhtwGuf
tm;cJum csufcsif;vl;vJxNyD; wtm;ukef aNy;avawmhonf/
]][dwf ... raNy;eJY? &yfvkduf}}
vSrf;atmf [efYwm;vdkufoHudk vifxifcsdwfMum;&onf/ xdktoHrsKd; Mum;zl;ovdkvkdvnf; olYpdwfxJwGif
xifrdonf/
odkYaomf [efYwm;oHudk ta&;rxm;/ aemufokdYvnf; vSnfhrMunfh/
r&yfonfhtNyif ydkíyif NrefNrefaNy;aeonf/
taNy;EIef;uawmh tawmfhudkNrefonf/ rnfrQavmufNrefonfudk vifxifcsdwf udk,fwdkifyif rcefYrSef;Edkifyg/
b,fae&modkY OD;wnfaNy;&rnfudkvnf; vifxifcsdwfrod/ e*g;NzLa*[mESifh a0;vQifNyD;a&mqdkonfh
oabmrsKd;Nzifh aNcOD;wnfh&modkY tm;oGefaNy;aeonf/
xdkodkY aNy;ae&if; aNrMuD;onf &kwfw&uf NydKqif;uRH0ifovdk Nzpfum olYudk,fcE¨mrSmvnf; atmufokdY
NyKwfusoGm;onf/
bmawG NzpfukefrSef; vifxifcsdwf rod/
&ifxJwGifawmh at;ceJ zdkceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
euf&Idif;aom acsmufeufMuD;wpfckxJodkY usqif;oGm;ovdkvdk cHpm;&onf/
156
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktcdkufrSmyif ol\acgif;udk wpfpkHwpfckESifh &dkufrdonf/ vifxifcsdwf\ rsufpdxJ Nyma0um
owdvpfarhaNrm oGm;avawmhonf/
tcsdeftwefMumrS vifxifcsdwf owdNyef&vmonf/
owdNyef&vmonfESifh yxrqkH;od&onfrSm 0rf;xJwGif wMuKwfMuKwfESifh qmavmifaerSef; odvkduf&rI
Nzpfonf/
aumif;uifwGif aerif;MuD;u pl;pl;&J&J xGef;awmufaeonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf vJusaom ae&mrS acgif;axmifí ywf0ef;usifudk avhvmMunfhonf/
rdrdonf &THAGuftdkifMuD; wpfckxJokdY a&mufaeaMumif;udk awGU&onf/ olYwpfukd,fvkH;rSmvnf; &THUtdkifxJu
uRJwpfaumifvdk &THtvl;vl; Nzpfaeonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ nmbufaNcaxmufrSmvnf; xkHusOfaeonf/ rvIyf&Sm;Edkifay/
vifxifcsdwfonf &THUtdkifay:odkY Nyefwuf&ef MudK;pm;onf/ &THrsm;Nzifh acsmfaeonfhtNyif aNcaxmufwGif
'Pf&mvnf;&xm;onfhtwGuf MudK;pm;wufvkduf atmufNyefavQmusvmvdkuf Nzpfaeonf/
ZGJravQmhbJ MudK;pm;um xyfNyefwvJvJ wufonf/
&THUtdkifrSm odyfawmh reufvSay/ vlwpf&yf omomcefYom &Sdonf/
tu,fí vifxifcsdwf\ aNcaxmufwpfzufwGif 'Pf&m&aeNcif; r&Sdygu &THUtdkift0odkY ta&muf
wufEdkifrnfom Nzpfonf/
xdkokdY tMudrfMudrfMudK;pm; tm;cJum wG,fuyfwufae&m aemufqkH;wGif &THtkdifEIwfcrf;ESifh vufwpfurf;
tuGmokdY a&mufvmonf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm 'Pf&mESifh MudK;pm;&onfrdkY tawmfyifarm[dkuf oGm;\/ nmbufaNcaxmufrSmvnf;
rcHr&yfEdkifatmif emusifaeonf/
vufwpfurf;tuGmom &Sdawmhaom &THUtdkifEIwfcrf;0okdY wufvSrf;&rnfh c&D;vrf;rSm rdk;xdNrifhrm;aom
awmifMuD;wpfawmifay:odkY wuf&onfhtvm; Nzpfaeonf/
onfwpfacgufatmufokdY NyefNyKwfusvQif vifxifcsdwftzdkY aemufxyfNyD; MudK;pm;wufEdkif&ef
tiftm;tawmfrsm;rsm; pdkufxkwf &OD;rnf/
atmufokdY NyefNyKwfrusatmif renf;MudK;pm;um xdef;ae&onf/
MudK;pm;xdef;aeonfh Mum;uyif vuftHaovm\/
ukwfwG,f xm;onfhvuf vGwfoGm;NyD/
vifxifcsdwf udk,fcE¨matmufodkY NyKwfusawmhrnfhqJqJ/ xdktcsdefrSmyif &THUtdkif0rS wpfpkHwpfa,mufu
olYvufudk qwfceJ qkyfzrf;vmonfh txdtawGU cHpm;vdkuf&onf/
vifxifcsdwfrSm &THUtdkifxJokdY NyefrusoGm;bJ avxJwGif wGJvGJMuD; Nzpfaeonf/
wpf p k H w pf a ,muf a omol u tomqG J w if v d k u f & m vif x if c sd w f o nf &T H U tk d i f t Nyif b uf o k d Y
a&mufoGm;avawmhonf/
]]ighvufudk qGJwifay;vdkufwm b,folNzpfrvJ? e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;wpfa,mufa,muf qdk&ifawmh
tcufyJ? 'Dae&mudk a&mufvmwJhol[m e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;wpfa,mufa,mufNzpfrdkY rsm;w,f}}
vifxifcsdwfrSm &THUtdkiftNyifbufokdY a&mufoGm;aomfvnf; pdwfrat;EdkifbJ pdk;&drfylyefpGm awG;awmrdonf/
rdrdudk &THUtdkiftNyifbufokdY qGJwifay;vdkufoludkvnf; uysmu,m pdk;&drfpGm Munfhvdkufonf/
olNrifvdkuf&aom u,fwif&Sifum; olYtwGuf arQmfvifhrxm;aom olwpfa,muf Nzpfaeayonf/
vifxifcsdwu f kd &TUH tdik t
f NyifbufoYkd qGw
J ifay;vdu
k o
f rl mS toufo;Hk q,fausmft&G,f trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf
Nzpfavonf/
&k y f & nf o G i f N yif rG e f & nf u m acsmarmonf / tNzLa&mif 0 wf p k H o nf NzLazG ; aom tom;a&mif E S i f h
vdkufzufvSonf/
trsKd;orD;u *&kPm vTrf;aomtMunfhNzifh vifxifcsdwfudkMunfhum ESpfvdkzG,f NyKH;vdkufonf/
MuifemrINynfhaom xdktNyKH;onf vifxifcsdwf\ pdk;&drfylyefaeaom pdwfrsm;udk aNyaysmufoGm;aponf/
157
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif xdktrsKd;orD;udk ESpfvkdcifrifpdwf ay:vmonf/
rdrd'ku©awGUaecsdefwGif ulnDu,fwif&ef &kwfw&ufa&mufvmaom u,fwif&SifNzpfaomaMumifh
uGrf&ifr,fawmf[kyif wifpm;rdonf/
F ]]vlav;u b,fvdkvkyfNyD; 'Dae&mudk a&mufvmwmvJ}}
trsKd;orD;u ar;onf/
toHrSm csrf;aNrUNyD; MuifemrI tNynfhygonf/
]][kd ... [kd uRefawmf tif; ... b,fupNyD; aNym&rSef;awmif rodawmhygbl; cifAsm}}
vifxifcsdwfonf trsKd;orD;udk ai;Munfh&if; txpfxpf taighaigh aNymrdonf/
]]vlav;u pdwfodyfvIyf&Sm;aewmudk;? uJ ... uJ vlav;taMumif;udk cPxm;vdkufygOD;? tarmtyef;
aNzOD;aygh? vmvm a':av;eJY vdkufcJh}}
]]uRefawmfh aNcaxmufwpfzuf}}
]]udpör&Sdygbl;? a':av; wGJac:oGm;yghr,f? a':av;aewJhae&mu odyfra0;ygbl;}}
trsKd;orD;onf rdcifu om;udk MuifempGm az;rovdk vifxifcsdwftm; nifompGm az;rwGJac:oGm;onf/
rdb\ arwåmiwfrGwfaeaom vifxifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif 0rf;enf;0rf;omESifh rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0Jvmrdonf/
xdktrsKd;orD;aexdkifaom ae&mrSm &THUtdkifESifh odyfra0;vSay/
ae&muawmh tawmf x l ; qef ; onf / xd k t rsKd ; orD ; onf awmif u k e f ; wpf c k \ atmuf a Nc&S d
aNratmufvdkPfacgif;wpfckxJwGif aexkdifonf/
xd k a Nratmuf v d k P f a cgif ; xJ o d k Y 0if o nf h tayguf r S m vnf ; vQKd U 0S u f c vk w f wyf q if x m;aom
0ifaygufNzpfonf/
aNratmufvkdufacgif;xJwGifrl tcef;rsm; aoaocsmcsmzGJUum rGrf;rHwnfaqmufxm;onf/
taMumif;rodvQif aNratmufvdkPfacgif;xJokdY a&mufaeonf[k rxif&/ crf;em;aom tdrfa*[mwpfck\
twGif;okdYa&mufaeonf[kyif xifrdayrnf/
]]'D ... 'Dae&mu ...}}
vifxifcsdwfonf xdkae&mtaMumif;udk ar;Nref;vdkaomaMumifh pum;ponf/ r0Hhr&J ar;&aomaMumifhvnf;
pum;oHu xpfxpfaighaigh/
trsKd;orD;u vifxifcsdwf\ pum;udkNzwfí ...
]]a':av;aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; aNymNyyghr,f? tckawmh vlav;udk,fay:rSm ayusHaewmawGudk
aq;aMum oefYpifay;r,f}}
xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf trsKd;orD;onf vifxifcsdwfudk 0g;uGyfyspfay:wGif vJavsmif;apum ayusHaeonfh
&THUEGHrsm;udk a&Nzifh aq;aMumokwfoifay;onf/
yxrqkH; aNcaxmuf&Sd zdeyfESifh aNctdwfrsm;udk cRwfum &THUEGHrsm;udk a&Nzifh aq;aMumay;onf/
&THUEGHrsm;aNymifpif oGm;aomtcg trsKd;orD;\rsufvkH;rsm; NyL;us,f0dkif;pufoGm;vsuf rsufESmwGif tHhMoonfh
trlt&mrsm; ay:vmonf/
vifxifcsdwf\ rsufESmudkvnf; pl;pl;pdkufpkduf tuJcwfMunfhonf/
]]a':av; ... bmNzpfvdkYvJ[if}}
trsKd;orD;\ trlt&mxl;Ncm;onfudk tuJcwfrdaomaMumifh vifxifcsdwfu ar;vdkufonf/
trsKd;orD;onf vIyf&Sm;oGm;aom pdwfudkxdrf;vdkuf[efNzifh wpfcsuf&,farmum ...
]]bmrSrNzpfygbl;uG,f? 'Dae&mrSm a':av;wpfa,mufwnf;om aexdkifwmqdkawmh rdef;rt0wftpm;awGyJ
&Sdw,fuG,fh? vlav;udk b,fvdk t0wftpm;rsKd; vJ0wfay;&rvJ qdkwmudk pOf;pm;aerdvdkYyg}}
]]a':av;udk uRefawmfh&JU rdcif&if; ta':&if;wpfa,mufvdkyJ uRefawmf oabmxm;ygw,f? a':av;&JU
t0wftpm;udkyJ uRefawmfvJ0wfxm;yghr,f}}
vifxifcsdwf\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg trsKd;orD;\rsufESmay:wGif xl;Ncm;aom trlt&mrsm;
zswfceJay:oGm;onf/
158
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
trsKd;orD;onf vifxifcsdwf\ udk,fay:&Sd &THUEGHrsm;udk oefYpifay;NyD;aemuf t0wftpm;rsm;udkvnf;
vJvS,f0wfqifay;onf/
nmbufaNcaxmufrS 'Pf&mudkvnf; aq;xnfhay;avonf/
xdkYaemuf trsKd;orD;u vifxifcsdwfudk pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; auR;arG;onf/ vifxifcsdwfonf qmqmESifh
tm;&yg;& pm;aomufvdkufonf/
pm;aomuf&if; trsKd;orD;MuD;u vifxifcsdwf\ tNzpftysufudk ar;Nref;onf/ vifxifcsdwfonf
Muifem,k,rI tNynfh&Sdaom xdktrsKd;orD;udk rdcif&if; a':av;&if;ozG,f cifrifaeNyDrdkY rdrdNzpfysufcJhonfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk wpfckrusef aNymNyvdkufonf/
trsKd;orD;u acgif;wndwfndwfESifh em;axmifae\/
vifxifcsdwfonf rdrdNzpfysuforQudk aNymNyD;aemuf ...
]]a':av;u bmaMumifh 'Dae&mrSm wpfa,mufwnf; vmae ae&wmvJ[if ... uRefawmf odcGifh&Sd&if
odyg&apvm;}}
vifxifcsdwf\ tar;udk trsKd;orD;u oufNyif;zGzGav;wpfcsuf csvdkuf&if; ...
]]a':av;u 'ku©onf wpfa,mufyguG,f? aysmf&mrSmrae awmf&mrSmaeqdkwJh pum;vkdaygh? b0uH
pDrHvmawmh 'Dvdkae&mrsKd;rSm wpfa,mufwnf; vmae&awmhwmayghav}}
trsKd;orD;u NyeftaNzay;onf/
vifxifcsw d of nf xdt
k rsK;d orD;udk tawmfyif oem;oGm;onf/ ud, k t
hf Nzpfuykd if owdrxm;rdbJ xdt k rsK;d orD;
&ifqdkifae&aom 'ku©Nyóemrsm;udk ulnDaNz&Sif;ay;vkdaom pdwfqE´rsm; ay:aygufvmonf/
]]a':av;rSm b,fvdk 'ku©awG NyóemawG &ifqdkifae&vdkYvJ[if ... uRefawmfhudk aNymEdkif&if aNymNyygvm;?
uRefawmf ulnDay;Ekdifwmqdk ulnD&wmaygh}}
vifxifcsdwfu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJyif aNymonf/
wu,fawmh vifxifcsdwf udk,fwdkifyifvQif xdktrsKd;orD;\ ulnDu,fwifay;rIaMumifh &THUtdkifxJwGif
'ku©a&mufae&mrS vTwfaNrmufcJh&ol Nzpfaeonf/
olu xdktrsKd;orD;udk NyefíulnDrnf[k aNymvmaomtcg &,fp&maumif;aeonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf apwemtrSefNzifh pdwfxJwGif &Sdaeonfhtwkdif; aNymcsvdkufNyD;rS vuf&SdtaNctaet&
rdrd\pum;onf &,fp&mvdkNzpfaeaMumif; awG;rdum &Sufudk;&Sufuef; NzpfoGm;av\/
]]vlav;u w,fvJ pdwfapwem NzLpifwmudk;? vlav;&JU ulnDcsifwJhpdwf"mwfeJY a':av;tay:
xm;wJhapwemudk aus;Zl;wifygw,fuG,f}}
trsKd;orD;u NyKH;&,fNyD; aNymonf/
NyKH;&,f&if; vifxifcsdwfudk pl;pdkufMunfhNyefonf/
,aeY x d vif x if c sd w f \ wpf o uf w mwG i f wNcm;trsKd ; orD ; wG i f rawG Y c J h a om xd k t Munf h o nf
&ifudkat;NroGm;aponf/
vifxifcsdwf\pdwfu aoqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;NyDNzpfaom a':av;vdefvdefxHokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
rd b rsm; rnf o l r nf 0 gNzpf o nf u d k rod & bJ rd b arwå m iwf r G w f a ecJ h o nf h vif x if c sd w f t zd k Y
a':av;vdefvdefudkom rdcifwpfa,mufyrm wG,fwmtm;udk;cJh&onf/
,ck xkdtrsKd;orD;MuD;onf rdcifwpfa,mufyrm rdrdtay: Muifem,k,aeoNzifh a':av;vdefvdefudk aNy;í
owd&rd\/
]]vlav;udkMunfhNyD; a':av;wpfck cefYrSef;rdwm&Sdw,f? [kwfr[kwf rSefwJhtwdkif; aNzaemf}}
trsKd;orD;MuD;u aNymNyefonf/
]][kwfuJh? aNymyg a':av;}}
]]vlav;[m rdbt&if; b,folb,f0g Nzpfw,fqdkwmudk rodbl; r[kwfvm;}}
vifxifcsdwf tvGeftHhMooGm;onf/
,ckrSawGU&aom xdktrsKd;orD;MuD;onf þtaMumif;udk bmaMumifhrsm; odaeygoenf;/
159
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]Asm ...}}
tHhMovSaomaMumifh EIwfrSyif tmar!dwfoH xGufoGm;onf/
]]a':av;aNymwmudk aNzOD;av}}
]][kwf ... [kwfygw,f? 'D ... 'DtaMumif;udk a':av; b,fvdkvkyf odovJ[if}}
]]aNymNyyghr,fuG,f? raNymcif vlav;udk b,folu vlvm;aNrmufatmif auR;arG;NyKpk ay;cJhw,fqdkwmudk
t&ifaNymNyygOD;}}
]]viftdwdk;qdkwJh ol&if;iSm;MuD; wpfa,mufyg}}
trsKd;orD;onf tawG;&cuf[efNzifh rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/
]]vlav;u b,fvkdvkyfNyD; olYqDudk a&mufoGm;wmvJ}}
]]uRefawmfh&JU arG;pm;taz[m om;eJYr,m; aoqkH;oGm;wmaMumifh pdwfysufvufysuf aNcOD;wnfh&m
avvGifhavQmufoGm;&if; awmtkyfwpfckxJrSm uRefawmfhudk awGUcJhvdkY aumuf,larG;pm;cJhw,f aNymwmygyJ?
aoqkH;oGm;wJh olYom;tpm; Nyef&w,fqdkNyD; uRefawmfhudk vifxifcsdwfvdkY emrnfay;cJhygw,f}}
(vifxifcsdwfqdkonfrSm bk&m;uay;aom ]]vif}} trsKd;tEG,fuav;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ pum;csyf)
vifxifcsdwf\ pum;rsm;udk trsKd;orD;MuD;u aocsmpGm pl;pdkufem;axmifaeonf/ em;axmif&if;
trsKd;orD;MuD;\ rsufvkH;tdrfwGif rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0Jvmonf/
rsuf&nfrsm;onf b,fvdkrS xdef;rxm;EdkifbJ trsKd;orD;MuD;\ yg;Nyifay:odkY vdrfhqif;usvmonf/
]][if ... a':av;? a':av; idak ew,f [kwv f m;? uRefawmf aNymwJph um;xJrmS a':av;udk pdwrf aumif;apwJh
pum;ygoGm;vdkYvm; a':av;&,f}}
vifxifcsdwfu ysmysmovJyif ar;onf/
]]ryg ygbl;uG,f ... rygygbl;? 0rf;enf;0rf;om NzpfvGef;vdkY rsuf&nfusrdwmyg vlav;&,f}}
]][if ... bmaMumifh ...}}
]]bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh vlav;[m ararhom;NzpfaevdkYaygh}}
trsKd;orD;onf xdo k Ydk aNymNyD;aemuf vifxifcsdwu f kd wif;wif;usyfusyf ayGUzufum &Iu d Mf uD;wiif tm;&yg;&
idkaMuG;avawmhonf/
xdktrsKd;orD;onf ydkifpkusif Nzpfonf/
ydik pf uk sifonf zcifNzpfol ydik u f sifv\ Hk tpDtpOft& e*g;cHwiG ;f vdP k *f xl w
J iG f wpfa,mufwnf; vQKdU0Supf mG
aexdkifcJh&onf/
e*g;cHwGif; vdkPf*lxJodkY 0ifxGuf&m vrf;aMumif;wGif vQKdU0SufwHcg;rsm; wyfqifxm;onf/ ydkifusifvkH?
ydkifpkusifESifh [kd,kqefwdkY okH;a,mufrSty tNcm;rnfolrQ xkdvQKdU0SufwHcg;aygufvrf;aMumif;udk rodMuay/
vQKd U 0S u f v rf ; ayguf u d k od x m;aom yd k i f p k u sif t aeNzif h e*g;cH w G i f ; vk d P f * l r S tvG w f & k e f ; um
xGufaNy;oGm;rnfqdku aNy;Edkifonf/
okdYaomf ydkifpkusifonf e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lrS xGufaNy;Ncif; rNyKay/
þodkY xGufraNy;Ncif;rSmvnf; cdkifvkHaom taMumif;&Sdonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf ydkifpkusifudk e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lxJwGif ae&mcsxm;ay;NyD;aemuf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom vQKdU0Sufypönf;ESifh ydkifpkusifwkdY qufpyfywfoufaeykH taMumif;rsm;udk aNymNycJhonf/
tu,fí ydkifpkusiftaeNzifh e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lrS xGufaNy;vQif tEÅ&m,ftrsm;tNym;ESifh MuKH&rnfhtNyif
rdrdtzdkYvnf; *kPfodu©m xyfrHxdckduf ysufNym;p&mNzpfaMumif; ydkifusifvkHu owday;cJhonf/
ydik pf u
k siof m e*g;cHwiG ;f vkPd *f rl S xGuaf Ny;oGm;cJv
h Qif rdrt
d aeNzifh ydik pf u
k siuf kd b,fvrdk Q cGivhf w
T Ef ikd af wmhrnf
r[kwfaMumif;udkvnf; pum;tNywf qdkxm;cJhonf/
,cifwcg ydkifpkusif pdwfvdkufrmefyg vkyfcJhonfhtwGuf rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh e*g;NzLa*[mtwGufyg
*kPfodu©mxdcdkuf nSdK;EGrf;p&mMuKHcJh&NyD;Nzpf&m xdktrSm;rsKd; aemufxyfrusL;vGef&efvnf; aNymqdkazsmif;zsxm;cJhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf cifyGef;onf &SD;[keftrnfyif rrnfhvdkuf&ao;aom arG;cgpom;ESifh csif;csif;wdkY
rnfonfhuHMur®mrsKd;MuKHMu&onfh taMumif;rsm;udk odvdkonf/
160
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
okdYaomf zcifMuD;udk ar;Nref;&ef r0Hh&JonfhtwGuf odvdkpdwfudk rsKdodyfvsuf pdk;&drfaomuwdkYudk
MudwfrSdwfcHpm;ae&onf/
olr e*g;cHwiG ;f vdP k *f x
l wJ iG f &Sad eonft
h aMumif;udk ydik uf sifvEHk iS [
hf ,
dk q
k efwYkd ESpaf ,mufwnf;om odonf/
usefe*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm; vkH;0rodMuay/
olrtwGuf vkdtyfaom pm;eyf&du©mrsm;ESifh ypönf;ypö,rsm;udk [kd,kqefudk,fwdkif e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lokdY
rMumrMum vma&mufydkYay;onf/
ydkifusifvkHurl wpfESpfrS wpfcgavmufom a&mufvmwwfonf/
e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*lxJwGif aexdkifí ig;ESpfcefYMumaomtcgwGif ydkifusifvkHu &SD;[kef aoqkH;oGm;NyD
NzpfaMumif;ESifh ydkifpkusif\om;udkvnf; csif;csif;tm; aiGaMu;Opöm tNynfhtpkHay;um Munfh&Iapmifha&Smuf&ef
wm0efay;tyfí ta0;okdY ac:,loGm;apcJhaMumif;rsm;udk aNymNycJhonf/
xkdtaMumif;rsm;udk Mum;od&onfhtcgwGif ydkifpkusifonf tvGefyif pdwfxdckdufum rdrdukd,frdrdyif
owfaovdkpdwfrsm; ay:aygufcJhonf/
odkYaomf arG;ptcsdef wpfMudrfom axG;ydkuf,k,cJh&NyD; &SifuGJ uGJaecJh&aom? trnfyif ray;vdkuf&onfh
rd r d \ om;ES i f h wpf a eYaeYwG i f Nyef v nf q k H a wG U &aumif ; qk H a wG U Ed k i f r nf [ l a om arQmf v if h c suf a v;Nzif h
qufvuftouf&SifaecJhonf/
,ckawmh ydkifpkusif\ arQmfvifhcsuf Nynfh0vmcJhNyD[k qdk&ayrnf/
om;NzpfolESifh rarQmfvifhbJ NyefvnfqkHrdMuavNyD/
vifxifcsw d \
f &ky&f nfoiG Nf yifonf &S;D [keEf iS t hf awmfyif qifwal eonf/ xdYk Nyifvifxifcsw d \
f aNcaxmufukd
oefYpifaq;aMumay;&mwGif aNcz0g;&Sd rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk ydkifpkusif awGUNrifoGm;cJhonf/
þwGif ,ckrdrdxHokdY a&mufaeaom vli,fav;onf rdrdESifh uGJuGmaecJh&onfh rdrd\ om;Nzpf&rnf[k
ydkifpkusif taotcsm odaeonf/
xd k Y aMumif h yk d r d k a ocsmatmif vif x if c sd w f taMumif ; ud k ar;Nref ; cJ h & mrS aemuf q k H ;
rd r d \ om;tppf t rS e f N zpf a Mumif ; xk w f a zmf a NymMum;um 0rf ; om0rf ; enf ; Nzif h vif x if c sd w f u d k z uf u m
idkaMuG;rdavawmh\/
vifxifcsdwfrSm NzpfysufykHrsm; xl;qef;vSaomaMumifh aMumiftrf;trf; Nzpfae&Smonf/
pdwfxJwGifvnf; rMuKHpzl;atmif vIyf&Sm;aerdonf/ rarQmfvifhbJ rdcif&if;ESifh awGUqkH&oNzifh bmaNym&rSef;
rodatmif Nzpfaeonf/
]]om;&,f ... ararhudk rrSwfrdawmhbl;vm;uG,f? om;&JU aNcz0g;rSmygwJh rSJYeuf&Spfcku ararhom;NzpfaMumif;
tckdiftrm NyaeMuygw,f}}
ydkifpkusifu ikdaMuG;&if; aNymaeonf/
]][kd ... [kd ... b,fvkduae bmawG NzpfcJhMuw,fqdkwm aoaocsmcsm &Sif;Nyygvm;}}
vifxifcsdwfonf odvkdpdwf apmaeoNzifh rdcifudk arar[kac:&ef owdr&Edkifatmif Nzpfae\/
ydkifpkusifonf vifxifcsdwfudk wif;usyfpGm zufxm;&mrSm vTwfum twdwfrStaMumif;rsm;udk aNymNyonf/
xdkokdY aNymNy&mwGif &SD;[kef aoqkH;oGm;onfhtaMumif;udk csefxm;cJhonf/ taNctae&IyfaxG;um &SD;[kefESifh
tquftoG,f NywfoGm;cJh&NyD; ,aeYxufxd rnfodkYrQ owif;rMum;&awmhaMumif;om aNymNyonf/
vif x if c sd w f u d k arG ; zG m ;NyD ; rMumrD r S m yif csif ; csif ; u apmif h a &S m uf a c:,l o G m ;NyD ; aemuf ,ck r S
NyefvnfawGU&aMumif; poNzifh aNymNycJhonf/
]]arar&,f uRefawmf[m uRefawmfhrdbawG b,folb,f0g Nzpfw,fqdkwm rodcJh&ygbl;? emrnfvJ
rodygbl;? 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhrdbawGudk owd&wkdif; vGrf;qGwfwrf;w aecJh&ygw,f? 'DaeYawmh rdbawG&JU
emrnfuo kd &d NyD? NyD;awmh ... arareJYvJ Nyefq&Hk NyD? ukov dk u f H axmufrwJw h pfaeYrmS uReaf wmfh azazudak &m? uReaf wmfu h kd
umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;cJhwJh a':av;csif;csif; qdkwmudkaum NyefqkH&vdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmf arQmfvifhygw,f?
a':av;vdefvdefudkawmh NyefawGUEdkifrSm r[kwfawmhygbl;}}

161
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
zcif&SD;[kefudk rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ NyefvnfqkHawGUEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfaMumif; odaeol ydkifpkusifonf
xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg &ifxJwGif qkdYeifhoGm;cJhonf/
£aNE´rysuf&atmif renf;yifMudK;pm;um xdef;xm;vdkuf&onf/
]]a':av;vdefvdefqdkwmu b,folvJ? ararhudk aNymNyprf;ygOD;}}
ydkifpkusifonf trlt&m rysuf&atmif xdef;odrf;&if; ar;cGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
þwGif vifxifcsdwfonf olaX;MuD; &Sif;wmhcsef\ aetdrfwGif rdrdaexdkifcJh&onfh taMumif;?
vdefvdeftaMumif;ESifh vdefvdefaoqkH;oGm;aMumif; Mum;odcJh&ykHrsm;udk NyefaNymNyvkdufonf/
ydkifpkusifu qufvufNyD; aNcz0g;wGif rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;&Sdonfh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifonf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom vQKdU0Sufypönf;ESifh ywfoufaeykH? a&Smifvifausmif;awmf tygt0if odkif;tzGJUtpnf;
toD;oD;wdkYu rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk vdkuf&SmaeykH taMumif;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;aNymNyNyefonf/
þtcgwGifrS rdrdudk a':av;vdefvdefu rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh &Sif;wmhcsef\ tdrfa*[mrS ac:
xkwfxGufaNy;cJh&Ncif;udk vifxifcsdwf em;vnf oabmaygufavawmh\/
]]tck odkif;avmurSm &IyfaxG; vIyf&Sm;MuwmawG[m uRefawmhfaMumifhvdk NzpfaeNyD? uRefawmfwdkY
b,fvkdvkyfMurvJ arar}}
vifxifcsdwfu pdk;&drf[efNzifh rdcifudkar;onf/
]]'DtwGuf bmrSawG;ylraeygeJY om;&,f? ararwpfa,mufvkH; &Sdygao;w,f}}
]]bdk;bkd;wdkYu uRefawmfhtaMumif;udk odoGm;Mu&ifaum}}
]]ararhqDudk om;a&mufaew,fqdkwmudk om;&JU bdk;bkd;rod&atmif araru zkH;zday;xm;rSmaygh? wu,fvkdY
rarQmfvifhbJ rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;&Sdwmudk rod&atmif vQKdU0Sufxm;Edkif&if bmrS Nyóem NzpfrvmEdkifygbl; om;&,f?
raNymaumif ; aNymaumif ; b,f v d k r S vQKd U 0S u f r xm;Ed k i f b J om;taMumif ; ud k om;bk d ; bd k ; u tuk e f v k H ;
odoGm;w,fqdk&ifvJ araru om;a&SUrSm rm;rm;rwfrwf aeNyD; tEÅ&m,fudk &ifqdkifyghr,f}}
rdcifNzpfol\ pum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg vifxifcsdwfrSm MuufoD;xoGm;&av\/
avmuwGif rdcifonf toufudk zefwD;aom zefwD;&Sif Nzpfonf/ rdrd arG;zGm;xm;aom &ifaoG;rsm;udk
rdcifwdkif;u tvGefyifwefzdk;xm;um NrwfEdk;Muonf/
rdrdNrwfEdk; wefzdk;xm;aom &ifaoG;rsm; tEÅ&m,fMuKHvmNyDqdkvQif rdcifwdkYonf twkdif;tq r&Sdatmifyif
&JpGrf;owåd&SdMuonf/ taMumuft&GHUuif;rJhpGm tEÅ&m,fudk &ifqkdifumuG,fay;Muonf/
rdcifonf toufudkzefwD;ol umuG,fapmifha&Smufol [líyif qdkEdkifonf/
om;orD;rsm;twGuf rdcif\ arwåmat;&dyfonf tppt&m&mudk vkHNcKHapEdkifayonf/
vifxifcsdwfonf arQmfvifhiwfrGwfcJhaom rdcif\arwåm&dyfudk ,ckrarQmfvifhbJ cdkvIHcGifh&onfhtwGuf
tvGefyif MunfEl;csrf;aNrUaeonf/
olYavmufaysmfwJhvlonf avmuwGif r&Sdawmh[k pdwfxJwGif MuKH;0g;&if; tvGefaysmf&Tifaeonf/

162
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (17)
vifxifcsdwfonf rdcifydkifpkusifESifhtwl e*g;cHwGif; vkdPf*lxJwGif aexdkifcJhonf/
ol\trnfudkvnf; vifxifcsdwfrS &SD;xifcsdwf[lí aNymif;vJrSnfhac:vdkufonf/
ydik u
f siv f o
Hk nf ydik pf u
k six
f o
H Ydk wpfEpS w
f pfcgavmufom a&mufvmwwfaomfvnf; [k, d qk efurl wpfvvQif
wpfMudrfESpfMudrfavmufawmh a&mufvmwwfonf/ ydkifpkusiftwGuf pm;eyf&du©mrsm;ESifh tNcm;vdktyfonfh
ypönf;rsm;udk ydkYay;avh&Sdonf/ ydkifusifvkHESifh [kd,kqefwkdY a&mufvmonfh tcsdefrsm;wGif ydkifpkusifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk
twGif;bufcef;xJwGif ykef;atmif;aeaponf/
[kd,kqefonf tdrfaxmifusNyD; om;wpfa,mufyif&&SdaeNyD Nzpfaomfvnf; ydkifpkusiftay:wGif xm;&SdcJhonfh
arwåmpdwfuawmh rysufNy,fao;ay/
ydkifpkusifxHokdY a&mufvmwdkif; &Tef;&Tef;pm;pm; Munfhwwfonf/
ydkifpkusifurl [kd,kqef\ tMunfhudk rodusKd;EGHaecJhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf om;Nzpfol &SD;xifcsdwfudk e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufudk udk,fwkdifavhusifh
oifMum;ay;onf/
okdif;ynmomru pmayynmudkyg oifMum;Nyoay;onf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLaNravQmufokdif;uGuf? e*g;NzL&pfacGodkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLrmefapmif;odkif;uGuf?
e*g;NzLwdrfazmufodkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLNrpfqif;odkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLawmifNzdKodkif;uGufESifh e*g;NzLvIdif;pD;okdif;uGuf
&SpfuGufonf t"dutm;Nzifh vufeufrJh vIyf&Sm;wdkufckduf&aom odkif;uGufrsm;Nzpfonf/ "m;&Snfudk udkifpGJí
wkdufcdkufvdkvQifvnf; wdkufcdkufEdkifonf/
e*g;NzLESpfaumifykvJvk odkif;uGufESifh e*g;NzLtkyfpkd; odkif;uGufwkdYrSmrl "m;vSHvufeuf MudKuf&mudk tokH;NyK
wd k u f c d k u f E d k i f o nf / vuf e uf w pf r sKd ; wnf ; om r[k w f b J b,f n mvuf E S p f z uf w G i f vuf e uf w pf r sKd ; pD
udk,faqmifívnf; wdkufcdkufEdkifonf/
e*g;NzLt&dyfodkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLNrpful;odkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLvufonf;okdif;uGuf? e*g;NzLcsKyfzrf;odkif;uGuf?
e*g;NzLtNrD;,rf;odkif;uGuf? e*g;NzLa&ay:odkif;uGuf wdkYrSm wpfbufvl\ aoG;aMumuGufae&mrsm;udk
OD;wnfxdk;ESufonfh okdif;uGufrsm; Nzpfonf/
e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef;ynmESifh e*g;aiGUvufeufykef;ynmwdkYrSmvnf; qef;Nym;um tqifhNrifhonf
odkif;ynmrsm; NzpfMuayonf/
163
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf taNccH odkif;uGufNzpfaom e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGuf? e*g;NzL aNravQmufokdif;uGuf?
e*g;NzL&pfacGodkif;uGuf rsm;udk aumif;pGmwwfuRrf;xm;oNzifh ydkifpkusif xyfrHtopfoifNyonfrsm;udk tvG,fwul
wwfaNrmufoGm;\/
þokdYNzifh ig;ESpfwm ukefvGefoGm;onf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf e*g;NzLu0d r aemod k i f ; uG u f q,f h & S p f u G u f u d k atmif N rif p G m avh u sif h E d k i f c J h N yD ;
pmayynmt&müvnf; wwfaNrmufvmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusifonf om;Nzpfoludk twdk;csum tcspfykdonf/ ,k,tvdkvdkufaomfvnf; okdif;ynmESifh
pmayynmrsm; oifMum;ay;aeonfh tcsdefrsm;wGifrl tvGefyif pnf;urf;wif;usyfpGmESifh zdzdpD;pD; oifMum;ay;onf/
enf;enf;av;rQ oufnSmtavQmhay;Ncif; r&Sday/
rd c if \ qk H ; roG e f o if r I u d k ,ck r S Nynf h N ynf h 0 0cH & aom &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf rd c if u d k tvG e f y if
cspfcifNrwfEdk;aeonf/
xdkokdY MuyfMuyfrwfrwfESifh pnf;urf;&SdpGm oifMum;avhusifhay;cJhaomaMumifhvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\
okdif;ynmavhusifhrIESifh pmayynmoifMum;rIwdkYwGif wdk;wufatmifNrifrI Nrifhrm;vsuf&Sdonf/
,cktcg toufq,fhudk;ESpf&SdNyDNzpfaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf rdcif\ *&kwpdkuf,k,rI? okdif;ynmESifh
pmayynmoifMum;rINzifh t&yftarmif; Nrifhrm;vsuf udk,fum,MuHUckdif awmifhwif;um pmayynmxl;cRefaom
vlacsmvlvS vkvifysKdwpfa,muf NzpfvmcJhavNyD/
wpfckaom naeapmif;wGif Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ okdif;ynmavhusifhNyD;í om;trdESpfa,muf at;at;vlvl tem;,laecdkuf ydkifpkusifu
pum;ponf/
]]om;udk aNymp&mpum;awG &Sdaew,f}}
]][kwfuJh ... aNymyg arar}}
]]tckq&kd if ararhom;[m t&G,v f aJ &mufvmNyD? odik ;f ynma&m pmayynmyg aumif;aumif;wwfaNrmufaeNyD?
om;twG u f ararh t aeeJ Y ok d i f ; ynmtarG a um pmayynmtarG u d k y g ay;Ed k i f c J h N yD ? 'gaMumif h ararvJ
idkarqef;awmifudkoGm;NyD; at;at;csrf;csrf; w&m;tm;xkwf aexdkifoGm;awmhr,fvdkY pdwful;xm;w,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdcifudk awmfawmfESifh pum;NyefraNymNzpf/
]]arar pdwfcsrf;omat;csrf;zdkY vkyfaqmifwmyJ? uRefawmf bmrS raNymvdkygbl; arar? ararhoabmygyJ}}
wu,fawmh &SD;xifcsdwfonf rdcifNzpfol\ pum;udk uefYuGufaNymqdkcsifonf/
olYtzdkY rdrd\ rdbESpfyg; rnfolrnf0g Nzpfonfudk od&NyD; rdcift&if;ESifh twlaexdkif&onfrSm
ig;ESpfwmrQom &Sdao;onf/
ydkifpkusifaNymovdkyif olonf t&G,fa&mufum odkif;ynmESifhpmayynmrsm; wwfaNrmufcJhNyD Nzpfaomfvnf;
rdcifESifhtwl vufyGef;wwD; qufvufaecsifao;onf/
ig;ESpftcsdefonf cPav;ESifh ukefvGefvmcJhNyD/
rdcifESifhawGUonfrSm bmrQrMumao;[k xifaerdonf/
rdcif&if;ESifhawGUí rdcifudk cspfvkdYyif r0ao;/
tcsdeftm;wdkif; zcifudkvnf; owd& wrf;wrdonf/
rdrduwvSnfh rdcifNzpfoludk NyefvnfNyKpkvkyfauR;vdkao;onf/
okdYaomf rdcifNzpfolonf at;csrf;&m vrf;aMumif;udk avQmufvrf;rnfNzpfaMumif; aNymvmonfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfonf om;vdr®mwpfa,mufyDyD rdrd\pdwfqE´udk csKd;ESdrfxm;um acgif;ndwf oabmwlvkdufavonf/
]]om;udk arar rSmcJhcsifwmawG&Sdw,f}}
]]aNymyg arar}}
]]okdif;orm;aumif; wpfa,muf[m &J&ifh&r,f? trSefw&m;bufu NywfNywfom;om; &yfwnf&r,f?
tm;enf;olawGudk onf;cHcGifhvTwf&r,f? &dk;om;NyD; MudK;pm;&r,f}}
]][kwfuJh arar}}
164
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]om;[m a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu aysmufqkH;oGm;wJh vQKdU0Sufypönf;eJY ywfoufaewJh rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif
Nzpfw,fqdkwmudkvnf; rarheJY}}
]]uRefawmf rarhygbl; arar}}
]]ararhudk a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU vQKdU0Sufypönf;ckd;,loGm;w,fvdkY pGyfpGJxm;wmudkvJ aNyvnfoGm;&atmif
wu,fwrf; ckd;,loGm;wJhvludk om;u pkHprf;&SmazGNyD; azmfxkwfay;&r,f}}
]]pdwfcsyg arar? 'DudpöaNyvnf at;Nidrf;oGm;atmif uRefawmf tpGrf;ukef MudK;pm;aqmif&Gufyghr,f}}
]]NyD;awmh om;qDu araruwdwpfck awmif;csifw,f? 'Duwdudk aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD;rS ay;aemf?
tvG,feJYawmh acgif;rndwfeJY}}
rdcif\pum;rSm xl;Ncm;vSonf[k &SD;xifcsdwf xifrdonf/ rnfokdYaom uwdrsKd;NzpfaomaMumifh ,ckvdk
pum;yv’ifcHae&avoenf;/ &SD;xifcsdwf odvkdvSonf/
]]b,fvdk uwdrsKd;vJ arar&,f}}
]]om;&JU bkd;bdk;NzpfwJh e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkHudk om;taeeJY b,fawmhrS rNypfrSm;ygbl;?
&dik ;f &dik ;f ysys rqufqyH gbl;qdw k hJ uwdukd vdck siwf ,f? ararhom; aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD;rS tJ'u D wdukd ay;Edik rf ay;Edik f
aNymyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY awG;&cufp&m Nzpfonf/
aNr;wpfa,muftaeNzifh tbkd;Nzpfoltay: av;pm;&dkao&rnfom Nzpfonf/ tbdk;udkrNypfrSm;&efESifh
&dkif;&dkif;ysys aNymqdkqufqHNcif;rNyK&ef taxGtxl; uwdawmif;cHaep&m rvdkay/
]]araruvnf; MuHMuHzefzef aNymwwfw,f? uRefawmfhtaeeJY udk,fhtbdk;udk av;pm;&kdaoygw,f?
axGaxGxl;xl; uwdawmif;cH aep&m rvkdygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNymvdkufonf/
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk pl;pkdufMunfhvdkufonf/ ydkifpkusif\ rsufvkH;rsm;xJwGif xl;Ncm;aom
t&dyftoGifrsm; ,Sufoef;aeovdkvdk &SD;xifcsdwf xifrdonf/
]]ararawmif;wJh uwdudk ay;Edkifray;Edkif qdkwmom aNymygvm;? aoaocsmcsmvJ pOf;pm;NyD;rS aNymyg}}
ydkifpkusif\toHu at;pufwnfNidrfaeonf/
xdkuwdudk txl;yif tav;teufxm;aMumif; odomEdkifonf/
rvkdtyfaom uwdwpfckudk a&;MuD;cGifus,f vkyfumawmif;aeaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm &,fcsifovdkvdk
Nzpfrdonf/
okdY&mwGif rdcifNzpfol ydkifpkusif\ av;eufwnfMunfaom trlt&maMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm r&,f0Hhay/
]]aumif;ygNyD arar? bdk;bdk;udk uRefawmf b,fawmhrS rNypfrSm;ygbl;? &dkif;&dkif;ysysvJ rqufqHygbl;vdkY
uwday;ygw,f}}
]]'Dvdk yg;pyfuae uwday;&kHeJY r&ao;bl;}}
]]b,fvkdrsm; uwday;&OD;rSmvJ arar&,f}}
]]opömNyKNyD; uwday;&r,f? vm ... ararha&SUrSm 'l;axmufxdkif? NyD;awmh arar&GwfNywmudk vdkufqdk}}
ydik pf u
k si\f xl;Ncm;aomtNyKtrlukd em;rvnfaomfvnf; rdcifMuD; pdwcf sr;f omap&eftwGuf &S;D xifcsw d o
f nf
ydkifpkusif apcdkif;orQ vdkufvkyfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ydkifpkusif\a&SUwGif 'l;axmufvdkufonf/
]]zcif&SD;[kefESifh rdcifydkifpkusifwdkY\om; uRefawmf &SD;xifcsdwfonf ...}}
ydkifpkusifu pwif&Gwfqdkonf/
ydik pf uk sif\toHrmS rodrom wke, f ifaeonf/ &S;D xifcsdwu
f armhMunfv
h ukd &f m ydik pf u
k sif\rsuf0ef;rsm;wGif
rsuf&nfrsm;&pf0Jaeonfudk awGU&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY ydkítawG;&cufp&m Nzpfaeonf/
]]vdkufqdkav ... bmai;aewmvJ}}

165
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusifu aNymvdkufaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf acgif;udkNyefikHYum ydkifpkusif a&&GwfoGm;onfhtwdkif;
vdkufqkd&avawmhonf/
]]zcif&SD;[kefESifh rdcifydkifpkusifwdkY\om;? uRefawmf &SD;xifcsdwfonf}}
ydkifpkusifu auseyfoGm;NyD; qufvufa&&GwfoGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; ydkifpkusif a&&GwfoGm;orQ
vdkufqkdonf/
]]e*g;NzLa*[macgif ; aqmif uRef a wmf \ bd k ; bk d ; yd k i f u sif v k H u d k wpf a eYaeY wpf c sd e f c sd e f ü
rnfokdYaomtaMumif;aMumifh Nzpfap? rnfokdYaom tNypfrsm;udkawGU&onfNzpfap NypfrSm;Ncif;? &dkif;yspGm qufqHNcif;
rNyKyg[k rdk;ESifhaNrudk wdkifwnfum opömNyKygonf/}}
&S;D xifcsdwf opömNyKNyD;onfEiS hf ydik pf u k sifonf bmrQqufraNymawmhbJ olr\tdycf ef;xJoYdk aNy;0ifomG ;onf/
]]arar ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwf wtHhwMo EIwfrS a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
&kwfw&uf aNymif;vJoGm;aom olYrdcif ydkifpkusifaemufokdY vdkufoGm;rnfNyKao;onf/ okdYaomf tdyfcef;xJrS
ydkifpkusif\ idk&IdufoHoJhoJhudk Mum;&onfwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm aNcvSrf;rsm; wkHYoGm;onf/
]]ararhrSm ighudk xkwfazmftodray;EdkifwJh vQKdU0Sufcsuf wpfckck &SdykH&w,f? NyD;awmh tJ'DvQKdU0Sufcsuf[m
olYpdwfudk odyfxdckdufaMuuGJapwJh udpövJ NzpfykH&w,f? ig twif;ZGwfar;&if ararydkNyD; pdwfxdckdufaeOD;r,f?
rar;wmbJ aumif;ygw,fav? tNzpfrSefqdkwm Mum&SnfzkH;uG,fxm;vdkY r&Edkifygbl;? wpfaeYr[kwfwpfaeYawmh
trSefw&m;[m ay: xGufvmrSmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfaNzodrfh tawG;awG;um auseyfvdkuf&avawmhonf/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGifrS ydkifpkusifonf tdyfcef;xJu xGufvmonf/
wpfnvkH; idk,kdxm;[efwlonf/ rsufuGif;rsm; ndKaeonf/
rsufESmrSmvnf; acsmifusoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdcifNzpfoludk pdwfraumif;pGmMunfh&if; ...
]]arar&,f ... bmNzpfvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk nSif;qJae&wmvJ [if}}
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ pum;udk rwkHYNyefbJ aNymp&m&Sdonfrsm;udkom aNymvdkufonf/
]]ararwdkY 'DaeYyJ c&D;xGufMur,f? araru idkarqef;awmifudk oGm;r,f? om;udk ararawGUNyD;NyD?
pmayynma&m odkif;ynmyg tarGwwfEdkifoavmuf ay;NyD;NyD? om;rSm odkif;avmu A[kokw &SmzdkY vkdaew,f?
odkif;avmuxJ aNccsNyD; vSnfhvnfoGm;vmayawmh? ararhudk ay;xm;wJh uwdudkvJ rarheJYaemf}}
]]pdwfcsyg arar? uRefawmf uwdwnfygw,f}}
]]a&mh ... a[m'DrSm om;twGuf}}
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;xifcsdwftm; "m;&SnfwpfvufESifh pkwfwHcRefvufeufwpfpkHudk ay;onf/ xdkYNyif
c&D;aqmiftdwfESifhtwl c&D;oGm;&mwGif vdktyfrnfh ypönf;rsm;udkvnf; ay;tyfonf/
ypönf;rsm;onf 0efrus,yfbJ tawmfyif NynfhNynfhpkHpkH &Sdayonf/
þonfum; rdcifwkdY\ oabmobm0yif Nzpfrnf/
rdcifESifhzcifyif rwl? rdcifrsm;onf &ifaoG;om;orD;rsm;twGuf tppt&m&m NynfhpkHEdkiforQ NynfhpkHatmif
vkyfaqmifay;wwfonf/
xdkYaemuf ydkifpkusifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk qkH;rpum;rsm; rSmMum;aNymqdkonf/
]]ararhom;[m odkif;avmuxJrSm vSnfhvnfoGm;vmawmhr,fqdkawmh odkif;orm; trsKd;rsKd;eJY awGU&rSmyJ?
tEÅ&m,fawGudkvJ &ifqdkif&rSmyJ? rdwfaqGawG awGUEdkifovdk &efolawGeJYvJ &ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&vdrfhr,f? &efoleJY
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufwJhtcgrSm wzufvludk txifrao;&bl;? tydkifuGuf r&ao;cifrSm udk,fhynmukef xkwfrokH;eJY?
tydkifuGufudk awGU&NyDqdk&ifawmh tm;NynfhtifNynfh txda&mufqkH; wkdufckdufayawmh}}
]][kwfuJhyg arar? uRefawmf rSwfom;xm;yghr,f}}
]]NyD;awmh ... wpfcrk wS x
f m;OD;? ud, k t hf ay:rSm NyefvnfrckcEH ikd w
f o
hJ u
l kd r&ufpuf&bl;? oufnmS cGiv hf w
T &f r,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD arar}}
166
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifpkusifonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ ezl;Nyifudk MuifempGmyif vuf0g;av;Nzifh tomt,m yGwfoyfvdkufonf/
om;ESifh wu,fwrf; cGJcGm&rnfqdkawmhvnf; ydkifpkusif\ pdwfxJwGif qkdYeifhaMuuGJaeonf/ odkYaomf
rdrd\tem;wGif wpfoufvkH; rcGJbJ ac:xm;vQif &SD;xifcsdwf\ b0wpfoufwmudk tusKd;rJh ukefvGefaprnfom
NzpfaMumif; em;vnfonfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;aMuuGJrIudk rsKdodyfcHpm;um om;twGuf taumif;qkH;Nzpfaprnfhvrf;udk
a&G;ay;cJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifonf om;udkNyefawGU&NyD; pmayynm? odkif;ynmwkdYudk pdwfwdkif;us oifMum;ay;cJh&NyD; Nzpfonf/
t&G,fvnf;a&muf ynmvnf; NynfhpkHaeaom om;Nzpfoludk rdrdtem;wGif wpfoufvkH; ac:xm;Ncif; rNyKvdkawmh/
rdrdukd,fwdkif om,mat;csrf;onfh ae&mwGif w&m;"r®®&SmazGum t&dk;xkwfawmh&ef ydkifpkusif pdwful;xm;\/
rdrdukd,fwkdif ynmoifMum; qkH;ryJhNyif ay;xm;onfhom;onf vdr®m&nfrGefum b0vrf;udk udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;NyD;
avQmufvSrf;Edkifrnf[k ydkifpkusif ,kHMunfonf/
]]om;udk rSmcsifwm wpfck&Sdao;w,f}}
ydkifpkusifu aNymNyefonf/
]][kwfuJh arar}}
]]om;&JU touf&SifzdkYtwGuf csif;csif;[m pGefYpGefYpm;pm; vkyfaqmifcJhw,f? 'Dawmhom;&JU a':av;csif;csif;udk
awGUatmif vdkuf&Smyg? olYaus;Zl;udk twwfEdkifqkH; Nyefqyfyg}}
]]aumif;ygNyD arar}}
]]csif;csif;eJY om;eJY b,fvdk uGJuGmoGm;Muw,fqdkwmudk ararvJ rodbl;? om;vJ rodbl;? csif;csif;udk
NyefawGU&&ifawmh uGif;qufNywfovdkNzpfaewJh om;&JU uav;b0taMumif;udk odEdkifrSmyJ}}
]][kwfuJh? a':av;csif;csif;udk uRefawmfawGUatmif vdkuf&Smyghr,f arar}}
þokdY uwday;vkdufaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif a':av;csif;csif;vnf; a':av;vdefvdefvdk
uHMur®mrsKd; MuKHcJhavrnfvm;[k awG;awm pdk;&drfrdonf/
odkYaomf xdktaMumif;udk xkwfazmfaNymqdkNcif;um; rNyKay/
yd k i f p k u sif o nf om;cspf & if a oG ; ud k ab;b,m uif ; a0;pG m pd w f c srf ; omud k , f u sef ; rmí
vdk&mqE´Nynfh0apaMumif; qkrGefaumif;awmif;onf/
xdkYaemuf om;trdESpfa,mufonf e*g;cHwGif;vdkPf*l\ vQKdU0Sufvrf;twdkif; tNyifokdYxGufvmMuonf/
e*g;cHwGif; vdkPf*lwnf&Sd&m ae&m0ef;usifwGif rnfolrQ r&Sd/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ydkifpkusifwdkY om;trd ESpfa,mufrSty vl&dyfvla,mif uif;&Sif;aeonf/
aumif;uifwGif vif;a&mifNcnfay:xGufaeNyD Nzpfonf/ at;Nraom avNynfavnif;av;u ydkifpkusifwdkY
om;trdudk EIwfqufovdk wpfcsufa0hwdkufcwfoGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf cyfvSrf;vSrf;&Sd vrf;av;&Sd&modkY a&SU&Ium avQmufaeonf/
vrf;\ wpfzufwpfcsufwGif Nrufcif;pdrf;pdrf;rsm; &Sdonf/
vrf;udk tNzLa&mif ausmufp&pfrsm; cif;xm;onf/ Nrufcif;pdrf;pddrf; ESpfcktMum;rS tNzLa&mif
ausmufp&pfvrf;uav;u azG;ceJ Nzpfaeonf/
Nrufyifrsm;onf pdrf;vef;MuGm;0ifhonf/
iSufwdkYonfvnf; tdyfwef;rS xprdkY rdk;aomufaw;udk oDaeMuonf/ tcsKdUiSufrsm;qdkvQif tpm&SmazG&ef
awmifyHpkHcwfí ysHoef;xGufcGm oGm;MuavNyD/
ywf0ef;usif obm0u tvGefvSyonf/
cGJcGm&awmhrnfh om;trdESpfa,muf\ &ifxJwGifawmh 0rf;enf;rIrsm; cdkatmif;aeMuonf/
ausmufp&pfcif;xm;aom vrf;uav;odkY a&mufvmMuonf/
xdkvrf;uav;onf vrf;rMuD; &Sd&mokdY OD;wnfaeonf/
om;trdESpfa,muf ausmufp&pfvrf;av;twdkif; vrf;rMuD;bufodkY avQmufvmMuonf/
rnfolrQ pum;raNymEdkifMu/
EIwfqdwfaeMuonf/
167
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ausmufp&pfrsm;ay:wGif zdeyfNzifh zdrdoHrsm;u wcRwfcRwf wdk;nif;pGm ay:xGufaeonf/
aemufqkH;wGif vrf;rMuD;okdY a&mufvmonf/
onfae&monf om;trdESpfa,muf vrf;cGJ&rnfh ae&mNzpfonf/
rdk;vif;NyD Nzpfaomfvnf; tawmfapm ao;aomaMumifh vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif vloGm;vlvm r&Sd/
ydkifpkusifESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY ESpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdaeavonf/
cGJcGmcgeD;wGif ydkifpkusifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk aemufqkH;rSmMum;onfh taeNzifh ...
]]b0qdkwm ZmwfyGJMuD; wpfckvdkygyJ om;&,f? idkwpfcg&,fwpfvSnfheJY tNzpfrsKd;pkH MuKH&r,f? b0vrf;c&D;udk
avQmufvSrf;wJhtcgrSm udk,fNzpfcsifovdk rNzpf&bJ rNzpfcsifwmawG NzpfwmrsKd;vJ MuKHEdkifw,f? ararhom;av;taeeJY
avmu"Hudk MuHYMuYHcdkifcdkif &ifqdkifzdkYvdkw,f? avScGufcsnf;usef tvSHrvSJbl;qdkwJh a,mufsm;aumif;wpfa,muf&JU
pdwf"mwfeJY owådudk arG;&r,f}}
]][kwfuJh arar}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu xdkokdYaNymNyD; rdcifudk OD;csuefawmhNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf om;trdESpfa,mufonf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rcGJrcGmvdkMuaomfvnf; 0rf;enf;pdwfrsm;udk &ifxJwGif
rsKdodyfxm;cJhNyD; vrf;cGJxGufvmcJhMuonf/
ydkifpkusifu idkarqef;awmifokdY oGm;rnfNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuawmh yDuif;aeNynfawmfwGif usefaecJhOD;rnf Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vrf;rMuD;twdkif; yDuif;aeNynfawmfbufokdY Nyefvnf avQmufvrf;oGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifonf avQmufvSrf;xGufoGm;aom om;Nzpfoludk ai;armí Munfhaeonf/
avQmufvSrf;oGm;aom aNcvSrf;wpfvSrf;wdkif;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk ydkifpkusifESifh ydka0;oGm;aponf/
rdcifNzpfolonf oGm;&rnfhvrf;udk roGm;Edkifao;bJ rdrdtm; vSrf;arQmfMunfh&if; usefaeao;onfudk
&SD;xifcsdwfrod/ rdcifESifh rcGJcGmvdkbJ ZGwfrSdwfum cGJcGmcJh&onfhtwGuf 0rf;enf;aMuuGJonfhpdwfudk tHMudwfum
rsKdodyfxm;&if; aNcvSrf;rSefrSefNzifh avQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
wNznf;Nznf; a0;oGm;aom &SD;xifcsdwf\toGifo@mefonf ydkifpkusif\ rsufpdNrifuGif;xJwGif i,fí
i,fí oGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifu ai;armum vSrf;arQmfMunfhaeqJ/
wNznf;Nznf;ao;um aemufqkH;wGif rIefrTm;vsuf ydkifpkusif\ NrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
ydkifpkusifonf oufNyif;av;av;MuD; wpfcsufcsum idkarqef;awmifbufodkY oGm;&rnfhvrf;twdkif;
avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/
ydkifpkusif\aNcvSrf;wdkYonf av;vHaeonf/ aNcwpfvSrf;udkyif tawmfMudK;pm;um vSrf;ae&onf/
om;trdESpfa,muf ausmckdif;xGufvmMuovdkNzpf&m rdrdaNcwpfvSrf; vSrf;vdkufwkdif; om;NzpfolESifh
aNcESpfvSrf;tuGmokdY a&mufavNyD[laom todu ydkifpkusif\aNcvSrf;rsm;udk wkHYaES;atmif qGJxm;Muonf/
ydkifpkusifonf rlv&kyfoGiftwkdif; r[kwf/ qHNzLoGm;aMuG tbGm;tdkwpfa,muftoGif &kyfzsufxm;onf/
aNcvSrf;wkHYaES;rIu ydkifpkusif\ tbGm;tkdtoGif &kyfzsufxm;rIudk ydko&kyfyDaponf/
&SSD;xifcsdwfurl taxGtxl; &kyfzsufrxm;ay/
ig;ES p f w mumvonf &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k MuD ; aumif 0 if c sd e f r S vl y sKd a yguf t oG i f o k d Y wpf N zpf v J
aNymif;vJoGm;aponf/ &SD;xifcsdwf\ &kyf&nfoGifNyifonf vGefcJhonfh ig;ESpfwmumvESifh rwlbJ waoG;warG;
Nzpfvmonf/ xkdYaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY taxGtxl; &kyfzsuf&ef rvkdawmhay/

168
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (18)
&SD;xifcsdwfonf yDuif;aeNynfawmfokdY a&SU&IumvmcJhonf/
rarQmfvifhbJ NyefvnfqkH&onfh rdcifMuD;ESifh cGJcGmcJh&onfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf pdwfraumif;Nzpfaeonf/
pdwfxdckdufaeonf/ 0rf;enf;aeonf/
okdYaomf rdcif\ tpDtrHudk &SD;xifcsdwf rNiif;vdk/
xdkYaMumifh rdcifMuD; pDrHonfhtwdkif;yif vkdufemonf/
olonf rdcifudk tvGefcspfonf/
rdrd\rdcifonf avmuMuD;wGif tacsmtvSqkH;ESifh rdrdtay: arwåm*&kPmt&SdqkH; trsKd;orD;
wpfa,muf[kvnf; cH,lxm;onf/ rdcifMuD;\ pum;rsm;onf olUtwGuf trdefYomNzpfonf/
ydkifpkusifu 0wfpkHNzLudkESpfoufovdk &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; 0wfpkHNzLudkom auseyfpGm 0wfqifonf/
,ckvnf; rdcifNzpfoludk,fwkdif csKyfvkyfay;xm;aom 0wfpkHNzLudk 0wfqifxm;onf/
cHhnm;acsmarmaom &kyf&nfonf vuf&maooyfpGmcsKyfxm;onfh 0wfpkHNzLaMumifh ykdí ay:vGifaeonf/
rdcifoifay;xm;onfhtwkdif; "m;&Snfudk odkif;orm;wpfa,muf udkifaqmifonfh toGifrsKd;r[kwfbJ
pmayorm;wpfa,muf NzpfaeNyD/ olYtoGio f nf okid ;f orm;wpfa,mufxuf pmayorm;wpfa,mufEiS hf ykw d al eonf/
yD u if ; aeNynf a wmf vl p nf u m;&m vrf ; rMuD ; ok d Y a&muf a omtcg &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf
pm;aomufqkdifwpfqkdifxJodkY vSrf;0ifvdkufonf/
169
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][m ... ukd,fawmfav;? MuGyg ... MuGyg? txJudk MuGyg cifAsm}}
pm;yGJxdk;wpfa,mufu ysmysmovJyif qD;MudKum pm;yGJvGwfwpfckodkY ac:oGm;onf/
vGefcJhaomtcsdefrsm;uqdkvQif &SD;xifcsdwfonf ,ckvdk ysLiSmpGm {nfh0wfNyKzdwfac:rIrsKd;udk wpfMudrfrQ
rcHcJh&zl;ay/
pm;yGJxdk; vli,fav;u olYudk ta&;w,lESifh zdwfac:onfrSmvnf; rqef;vSay/
ol 0 wf p m; qif , if x m;yk H o nf yD u if ; aeNynf a wmf w G i f acwf t pm;qk H ; txuf w ef ; pm;
pmayorm;wpfa,muf\ toGifrsKd; Nzpfaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ &kyf&nfuvnf; oefYNyefYonf/ 0wfxm;onfh tNzLa&mif0wfpkHuvnf; tvGefyif
vuf&maNrmufum aooyfpGm csKyfvkyfxm;onfh 0wfpkHNzpfonf/ cg;wGif csdwfxm;onfh "m;&Snfuvnf; tzdk;wef
"m;aumif;Nzpfonf/
xdak cwfumvu txufwef;pm; vkvifysKdrsm;onf pmayynmudk MudK;pm;oif,Ml uovdk odik ;f ynmudv k nf;
avhusifMh uonf/ pmayxl;cRefNyD; okid ;f ynm tawmftoifh wwfaNrmufygu rif;rIxrf;tNzpf 0ifa&muf vkyu f ikd vf Qif
&mxl;&mcHrsm; &Edkifonf/
odkif;ynmwwfaNrmufonfh txufwef;pm; pmayorm;vkvifysKdrsm;onf "m;&Snfrsm;udk toGifwpfrsKd;Nzifh
csdwfqGJudkifaqmifavh&Sdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkodkYaom toGiftNyifrsKd; &Sdaeay&m pm;yGJxkd;u ta&;w,l zdwfac:onfrSm
tqef;r[kwfygay/
rdrd ,ck vlwpfvkH; olwpfvkH; Nzpfvm&onfrSm rdcifMuD;\ NyKpkysKd;axmif oifMum;qif,ifay;rIaMumifh
Nzpfonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfrdí rdcifMuD;udk ydkrdkcsD;rGrf; NrwfEdk;pdwfrsm; ay:vmrdonf/
]]vufzuf&nfMurf;wpftdk;eJY cifAsm;wdkYqdkifu taumif;qkH; rkefYokH;rsKd;avmuf ,lcJhprf;yg}}
pm;yGJvGwf&Sd xdkifckHwpfckwGif xdkifcsNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfu rSmMum;vkdufonf/
ydkifpkusifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk rnfokdYrnfykH pm;aomufaexkdif&rnf ponfwdkYudkyg oifMum;ay;xm;onf/
odkif;avmurS A[kokwtcsKdUudkvnf; aNymNyxm;onf/ ,cktcsdefonf vufzuf&nfMurf;ESifh rkefYrsm;
okH;aqmifonfhtcsdef NzpfaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfu ,ckvdk rSmMum;vkdufNcif; Nzpfonf/
]][kwfuJh ... tNrefqkH;&ygaphr,f}}
pm;yGJxkd;av; t&kdtaoay;um xGufcGmoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pdwfcsrf;aNrUpGm pm;aomufrnf[k MuHum &Sdao;onf/ pdwftaESmifht,Suf Nzpfp&mrsm;
ay:aygufvm&onf/
]][kdpm;yGJu aumifav;udkMunfhprf;? odyfaxmifhusKd;ykH r&bl;}}
]]tif ; ... [k w f w ,f ? b,f a vmuf y J [d w f [ ef x k w f 0 wf p m;xm;xm;? awmom;&k y f u awmh
b,faysmufEdkifrSmvJ? [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfxdkifaeaom ae&mESifhuyfvsuf&Sdonfh pm;yGJrSvlrsm;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk apmif;aNrmif;um
avSmifaNymifaNymqdkaeNcif;Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif axmif;ceJ a'goxGufoGm;onf/
odkYaomf NyóemrNzpfvdkí Nidrfaeaomfvnf; wpfzufpm;yGJrS vlrsm;u uJvmonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
w[m;[m; ... &,farmoHrsm; qdkifwpfqkdifvkH; vTrf;oGm;awmhonf/
]]olYcrsm &SufoGm;ygOD;r,fuGm? wdk;wkd; &,fMuyg}}
vlwpfa,mufu aNymonf/
tNcm;wpfa,mufuvnf; ...
]]'Daumifu t&Suf&Sdr,fhykHrsKd; r[kwfygbl;? t&Sufr&SdvdkYom rwefr&m vdkufwky 0wfpm;xm;wmaygh}}
]]b,fvdkwkyNyD; 0wfxm;0wfxm;? igwdkYvdk [dwf[efrsKd;awmh b,f&SdEdkifrSmvJ}}
usefwpfa,mufu NznfhpGufvkdufonf/
170
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaemuf w[m;[m; atmf[pf &,farmMuNyefonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfrSmMum;xm;aom vufzuf&nfMurf;ESifh rkefYrsm; a&mufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf wzufpm;yGJrS vlrsm; apmif;aNrmif;avSmifaNymif aNymqdkaerIrsm;udk ta&;rvkyfbJ
vufzuf&nfMurf;udk iSJYaomufNyD; rkefYrsm;udkvnf; t&omcH pm;aeonf/
Nyóemrrsm;vdkí qdwfqdwfaeonfudk aMumufonf[k xifavovm;rod? wzufpm;yGJ&Sd vlrsm;u
ydkrdkuJvmMuNyefonf/
rcHEdkifatmif trsKd;rsKd; apmif;aNrmif;aNymqdk avSmifaNymifaeMuonf/
opfikwfrsm;onf wdkufzefrsm;ygu eJYvmwwfonfhtwdkif; &SD;xifcsdwf\ onf;cHEdkifrIrSmvnf;
twdkif;twm&Sdonf/
onf ; cH E d k i f r I x uf ausmf v maomtcg xd k v l r sm;ud k qk H ; r&ef pd w f y d k i f ; Nzwf u m wzuf p m;yG J o k d Y
avQmufvSrf;oGm;av\/
wzufpm;yG&J dS vlrsm;onf avQmufvrS ;f vmaom &S;D xifcsdwu f Mkd unfNh yD; wpfa,mufwpfayguf aNymqd&k ,farm
avSmifaNymifaeMuNyefonf/ olwYkdpm;yGaJ y:wGif t&uft;kd rsm;ESihf pm;aomufz, G &f m yef;uefrsm; NyefYusv J suf &Sad eonf/
xdkvlpk aomufpm;xm;onfrSm tawmfa&csdefudkufaeMu[ef wlonf/
qdkif&Sifvkyfolum; Nyóemwufawmhrnfudk awG;um rsufESmi,fav;ESifh &Sdae&Smonf/
þNrd K UwG i f aiG a Mu;MuG , f 0 csrf ; omol r sm;ES i f h rd b t&S d e f t 0g MuD ; rm;ol r sm;\ &rf ; um;rI r sm;
rMumcPNzpfwwf&m qdkif&SifvkyfolrSm r[efYwm;&JonfhtwGuf rsufESmi,fav;Nzifh pdwfysufysufESifh onftwdkif;
Munfhae&NrJNzpfonf/
wzufpm;yGJem;odkY a&mufaomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfu cHhnm;wnfMunfaom trlt&mNzifh ...
]]'Dr,f ... rdwfaqGwkdY b,folYudk apmif;aNrmif;NyD; &,farmavSmifaNymifaeMuwmvJ}}
xdkvlpkteufrS cyfykyk00vl&G,fwpfa,mufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tomrsufawmifpif;Munfh&if; ab;em;wGif
xdkifaeoludk trdefYay;vkduf\/
]]ighvlwdkY ... 'DaumifhMunfh&wm wkdYtaMumif;udk odykHr&ao;bl;? a[h ... wkefvIdif; taMumif;Nyvdkufprf;uGm}}
wkefvIdif;[k tac:cH&olonf xdkifae&mrS qwfceJrwfwwfx&yfum ...
]][dwf ... rif;b,folvJ? igwdkYvdk pmayorm; 0wfpkH0wf"m;&SnfvG,fxm;NyD; bmaMumifh'DqdkifrSm
t&ufrSmraomufbJ vufzuf&nfMurf;eJY rkefYawG rSmpm;ae&wmvJ}}
þtcgwGifrS t&ufraomufwwfonfh rdrdudk xdkvlpku txifao;um avSmifaNymifaeNcif;NzpfaMumif;
&SD;xifcsdwf oabmaygufem;vnf&av\/
]]'guawmh ighoabmeJY igyJ? 'DqdkifrSmvmNyD; a&yJaomufaomuf rif;wdkYeJY bmqdkifvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu cyfrmrmyif NyefaNymonf/
]]at; ... rif;bmomrif; aomufcsifwmaomufr,fqdk&if igwdkY0wfpm;ykHrsKd; 0wfrxm;eJY? tck cRwfypfvkduf}}
]]cifAsm;wdkY t&ufrl;aeMuw,fqdk&ifvJ at;at;aq;aq; aomufaeMuprf;ygAsm? usKyfu Nyóem
rrsm;csifygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNy&maNyaMumif; aNymvdkufao;onf/
okdYaomf wzufvlawGuawmh &efvkdvGef;vSonf/
]][dwf ... wkefvIdif;? tvum; avaygraeprf;eJY? 'Daumifav;udk taMumif;Nyvdkufprf;yg}}
ykyk00 vl&G,fu aNymvdkufNyefonf/
xdkvl&G,fonf olwdkYvlpkxJwGif acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlonf/
]]aumif;ygNyD q&mav;}}
wkefvIdif;onf ykyk00vl&G,f\ trdefYudkemcHum &SD;xifcsdwfudk vuf0g;Nzifh vSrf;&dkufonf/
]]0SD; ...}}
]]zkef; ...}}
vuf0g;&dkufcsuf avcGif;0ifvmoHESifhtwl tom;csif;xdrdoH qufwdkufay:vmonf/
171
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Daumifhudk aumif;aumif;csypf}}
]]taMumif;Nyvkdufprf; wkefvIdif;}}
]]'DvkdrSayghuG}}
usefvlrsm;u wkefvIdif;udk wpfa,mufwpfayguf 0dkif;0ef; tm;ay;Muonf/
zkef;ceJ toHNrnfvmNcif;onf wkefvIdif;\ vuf0g;&dkufcsuf wzufvludk xdoGm;Ncif; Nzpfrnf[kwGufum
,ckvdk atmf[pfMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
wu,fawmh xdktoHonf wkefvIdif;\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk xdrdonfh toHr[kwfyg/
wkefvIdif;\ &dkufcsufudk &SD;xifcsdwfu Mum;Nzwfacszsufum vufaumuf0wfudk rdrd&& qkyfzrf;vdkufoHom
Nzpfacsonf/
xd k o k d Y qk y f z rf ; rd o nf E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f u wk e f v I d i f ; \ vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf t m;ud k y if Nyef o k H ; um
udkifaygufypfvkdufavonf/
wkefvIdif;onf vlaumifMuD;xGm;um uRJaygufMuD;wpfaumifvdk MuHUckdifoefpGrf;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
udk,fcE¨mydefydefoG,foG,fom Nzpfonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf\ tm;tifAvrSm trsm;tNrifwGif qifESifhqdwfvkd
uGmNcm;aeonf/
okdYaomf ,ckvdk &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufrIrsKd;wGif vlaumifMuD;onf i,fonf? tm;tifMuD;onf ao;onf
t"dur[kwf/
odkif;ynmt&nftcsif;ESifh tcGifhta&;udk tokH;cswdkufcdkufwwfrIomvQif ta&;MuD;ayonf/
vlaumifMuD;xGm;vSaom wkefvIdif;rSm &SD;xifcsdwf\vufxJwGif NrufaNcmufNzifh NyKvkyfxm;onfh
t&kyfav;ES,f qGJudkifypfaygufNcif; cHvdkuf&avonf/
wkefvIdif;\tazmfrsm; &kwfNcnf;yif toHwdwfoGm;avonf/
vlykHaysmhaysmhEGJUEGJUESifh t&ufyif raomufwwfbJ pm;aomufqdkifxJwGif vufzuf&nfMurf; 0ifaomufaom
vl&G,fav;udk tvG,fESifh OD;ESdrftEdkif,lEdkifrnf[k xifcJhonfrsm; ygpifatmifvGJaeonfhtwGuf tHhMoukefMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkvlpkxJwGif acgif;aqmifNzpfaom ykyk00vludk qwfceJ tuÐsvnfukyfrS qGJ,lcsKyfzrf;
vdkufavonf/
ykyk00vl&G,frSm rnfokdYrQ r&kef;uefEdkifbJ &SD;xifcsdwf\vufxJwGif um;ceJ ygoGm;onf/
]][dwf ... [dwf 'gbmvkyfwmvJ? ighudk xd&J&ifxdMunfh? rif;aumif;aumif; 'ku©awGUoGm;r,f? bmrSwfovJ}}
ykyk00vl&G,fonf tcsKyfzrf;cHae&onfhwdkif Ncdrf;aNcmufpum; qdkaeao;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmrQNyefraNymbJ yg;udk b,fNyefnmNyef &dkufvdkufonf/
]]Nzef; ... Nzef;}}
twGif;tm;rxnfhbJ omref&dk;&dk;om &dkufcsvdkufonfhtwGuf cH&csufuawmh odyfrNyif;vSay/
]]vltkyftm;udk;eJY &rf;um;csifwJhvl? 'g[m erlemyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tHMudwfum MuKH;0g;aNymqdk&if; ykyk00vl&G,fudk aemufxyf yg;wpfcsuf &dkufvdkufNyefonf/
wu,fwrf;cH&awmhvnf; vl&G,frSm aMumufvefYvmonf/ apmapmuvdk [dwf[efawG r&SdawmhbJ
awmif;yefpum; qdkvm&avawmhonf/
tarmufaxmifNyvmrS rdrd&ifqdkif&onfrSm e*g;NzpfrSef; xdkvl&G,f odxm;ykH&onf/
]]csrf;omay;yg nDav;&m? aemufudk rvkyfawmhygbl;}}
]]vkyfawmhaum ta&;pdkuf&rSmvm;}}
ykyk00vl&G,f\ owådaMumifum taNymif;tvJ NrefvSykHudk tNrifuwfrdaomaMumifh xdkvl&G,f\yg;udk
aemufwpfcsuf xyf&dkufvdkufNyefonf/
onfwcgwGifawmh twGif;tm; tenf;i,fxnfhum &dkufcsvdkufonfhtwGuf yg;wGifvufacsmif;&mrsm;
xifoGm;onf/
]]tif; ... avmuMuD;[m w,fcufwmyJudk;? awmif;yefaewmawmif NzJacsmufaeao;w,f}}

172
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
cyfat;at; a&&Gwaf Nymqdv k u
kd af om pum;oHukd Mum;&onft
h wGuf &S;D xifcsw d of nf toHay:vm&mbufoYdk
vSnfhMunfhvdkufonf/
tcef;axmifh&Sd pm;yGJwpfvkH;wGif wpfa,mufwnf; xdkifaomufaeaom toufav;q,ft&G,f
vl&nfoefYwpfa,mufudk Nrif&onf/
xdkol\a&SUwGif t&uftdk;ESpftdk;cefY &Sdaeonf/
xdkol\pum;onf rdrdudkapmif;aNym aeovdkvdkrsKd;vnf; NzpfaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwf rcHcsifpdwfrsm;
ay:vmonf/
]]apmapmwkef;u uRefawmf at;at;aq;aq;eJY aNy&maNyaMumif; aNymcJhygw,f? 'Dwkef;u uRefawmfhbufu
b,folrS0ifNyD; pum;wpfcGef;awmif r[cJhbl;? avSMuKHpD;csifwJhvlawG w,frsm;ygvm;}}
xdkvl&nfoefYonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ Nyefyufvkdufaompum;udk pdwfqkd;[efrNybJ ...
]]rSefw,f? odyfrSefw,f? vlawG[m om,mpD;csifMuwmcsnf;ygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkolYtay:rcHcsifpdwfESifh yufceJaNymqdkrdonfudk pdwfraumif; NzpfoGm;onf/
xdv k &l nfoefYukd oGm;a&mufaNymqdk awmif;yefvo kd nfth wGuf vufxw J iG f csKyfzrf;rdxm;aom yky0k 0vl&, G u
f kd
wGef;xkwfypfvdkufonf/
ykyk00vl&G,fonf vnfxGufoGm;NyD; udk,f[efudk rxdef;EdkifbJ Murf;Nyifay: um;ceJ usoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ykyk00vl&G,fudk ta&;rxm;awmhbJ xdkvl&nfoefY&Sd&mokdYom avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/
]]apmapmu uRefawmf &dkif;ysoGm;rdygw,f? uRefawmfhudk cGifhvTwfzdkY awmif;yefygw,f}}
vl&nfoefY xdkifaeaom pm;yGJem;okdY a&mufaomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfu OD;nGwf t&dktaoay;NyD;
awmif;yefpum;qdkonf/
xdkvl&nfoefYonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ trSm;udk 0efcHawmif;yefaNymqdkykHudk oabmus[efNzifh acgif;wndwfndwf
vkyfaeonf/
]]uJ ... uJ ... 'DrSmxdkifNyD; t&ufav; bmav; aomufygOD;}}
vl&nfoefYu zdwfac: onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyiftcuf awGUoGm;onf/ wzufvlu wav;wpm; zdwfac:aeonfhtwGuf Niif;qef&ef
cufaeonf/
tomNyKH;&,fNyNyD; ...
]][kwfuJh xdkifawmh xkdifyghr,f? 'gayr,fh t&ufawmh raomufcsifygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu xdkifckHwpfckwGif 0ifxdkifvdkufonf/ xdktcsdefwGif ykyk00vl&G,fudk olYtazmfrsm;u wGJxlum
qdkifxJrS cyfokwfokwf xGufoGm;Muonf/
]]bmNzpfvkdY t&ufraomufcsif&wmvJ}}
vl&nfoefYu ar;onf/
]]uRefawmf t&ufraomufwwfvdkYyg? b,fvdkrSvJ ratmufarhygeJY}}
vl&nfoefYrSm rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;&onf/
onfrQavmuf touft&G,f&SdNyD; t&ufraomufwwfaom pmayorm; okdif;orm; vl&G,frsKd;udk
olrawGUzl;ao;ay/

173
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (19)
rdrdawGUqkHae&onfh vl&G,fonf tNcm;aom pmayorm; odkif;orm;rsm;ESifhrwlbJ wrlxl;Ncm;onf[k
olYpdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
]]'gNzifhvJ 'DrSm&SdwJh [if;vsmawGudk okH;aqmifygOD;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfNyNyD;aemuf [if;vsm tenf;tusOf;udk ,lpm;vdkufonf/
]]'geJY armif&ifav;&JU emrnfu}}
]]uRefawmfhemrnf &SD;xifcsdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f OD;OD;}}
]]at; ... at;? usKyftaeeJY rif;udk odoifhwmav;awGawmh aNymxm;&OD;r,f}}
]]trdefY&Sdyg cifAsm}}
]]apmapmwkef;u rif;qkH;rvdkufwJh 00ykykoli,f[m b,folvJqdkwm od&JUvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... rodbl;cifAs}}
]]aMomf ... 'gaMumifh rif;u olwdkYudk NywfNywfom;om; &ifqdkifvdkufwmudk;? bmrSawmh ylraeygeJY?
NzpfysufwmawGudk usKyf tpuaetqkH; tukeftpif awGUNrifvkdufygw,f}}
]]OD;OD; aNymykHukd Munfh&wm [kdvlawG[m 'Dae&mrSm AdkvfusaeMuwJh vlawGNzpfykH&w,f}}
vl&nfoefYu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfvdkufum ...
]]rif;aNymwm rSefw,f? rif;qkH;rvdkufwJh oli,f&JUemrnfu [dkwdwfacvkdY ac:w,f? e*g;NzLa*[mu
emrnfausmfodkif;orm; [kd,kqef&JUom;aygh? [kd,kqefuawmh usKyfeJY &if;ESD;ygw,f? vlaumif;olaumif;
wpfa,mufygyJ}}
174
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][kdwdwfacu olYtazt&Sdeft0g tm;udk;eJY &rf;um;aewm xifyg&JU}}
]][kwfw,f? aMomf ... rif;udkMunfh&wm odkif;ynm tawmftqifhNrifhNrifh wwfaNrmufxm;ykH&w,f?
rif;q&mu b,folrsm;vJ? odcGifh&Sdr,fqdk&if odyg&apvm;}}
xdkar;cGef;rSm &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY aNz&ef tvGefcufaom ar;cGef;Nzpfayonf/
q&me*g;NzLudk &SD;xifcsdwf owd&rdonf/
xdkYNyif q&me*g;NzL\ wm;Nrpfcsufudkvnf; rarhao;ay/
xd k a r;cG e f ; ud k raNzvQif v nf ; tvG e f & d k i f ; ys&m usaernf p d k ; aomaMumif h 0d e nf ; vG w f o abmrsKd ;
taNzay;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmfh rdcifqDu oif,lcJhwmyg}}
]]rif;&JU odkif;ynmtqifhNrifhwmudk usKyfrsufNrifygyJ? rif;udk odkif;ynmoifMum;ay;wJh rif;&JUrdcif[mvJ
wu,fhtausmftarmf odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,mufNzpfrSm trSefyJ? rif;rdcif&JU emrnfudk odEdkifrvm;}}
rdrd\rdcifudk csD;rGrf;aNymqdkonfh pum;Mum;&onfwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm auseyfyDwd Nzpfrdonf/
]]uRefawmfhrdcif[m xl;cRefwJh odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf ygyJ}}
rdcif\trnfudk xkwfaNym&ef cufaeonfhtwGuf r,kwfrvGefom aNymrdonf/
ydkifpkusifu a&Smifvifausmif;awmfESifh ywfoufonfh Nyóemrsm; raNyvnfcif olr\trnfudk
xkwfraNym&ef aNymqdkwm;NrpfcJhonf r[kwfygvm;/
b0tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufum vluJcwfaumif;aom xdkvl&nfoefYonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ trlt&mudkMunfhum
pdwfxJwGif rnfokdY&Sdonfudk em;vnfoGm;onf/
]]rif;rSm bmtcuftcJrsm; &SdaevJ}}
]]OD;OD;udk uRefawmfNrifNrifcsif; cifrifygw,f? ,kHMunfrIvJ &Sdygw,f? OD;OD;udk uRefawmfrvdrfcsifbl;? araru
olYemrnfudk xkwfraNym&bl;vdkY uRefawmfhudk rSmxm;vdkYyg}}
vl&nfoefYu NyKH;&,fvdkufum ...
]]at; ... at; 'Dvdkqdk&if rif;rdcif&JU emrnfudk usKyfu twif;tusyf ar;raeawmhygbl;}}
þpum;aMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif touf&SLacsmifoGm;onf/
]][kwfuJh ... aus;Zl;wifygw,f OD;OD;}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif pm;aomufqkdifxJokdY vlokH;a,muf 0ifa&mufvmonf/
wpf a ,muf r S m [k d w d w f a cNzpf o nf / usef w pf a ,muf r S m rd r d \ rd c if x H o d k Y pm;eyf & d u © m rsm;ES i f h
vdktyfonfhypönf;rsm; rMumcP vmydkYay;cJhonfh [kd,kqefNzpfonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf rSwfrdvdkufonf/
tNcm;wpfa,mufudkum; olroday/
e*g;cHwiG ;f vdP k *f o
l Ykd [k,
d q
k ef a&muf&v
dS mcsderf sm;wGif yke;f atmif;um tomacsmif;aNrmif; Munfah ecJo h nfrYkd
[kd,kqefudk oluodaomfvnf; olYudkrl [kd,kqefu roday/
]]uRefawmfhudk tEdkifusifhNyD; yg;&kdufvTwfvkdufwm tJ'DaumifygyJ azaz}}
qkdifxJa&mufonfESifh [kdwdwfacu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vufnSdK;xdk;NyNyD; [kd,kqeftm; wkdifMum;aNymqdkonf/
zcifNzpfol tm;udk;&vmNyD NzpfaomaMumifh [kdwdwfacrSm aqmifhMuGm;MuGm;ESifh Nzpfaeonf/
[d k , k q ef o nf wpf O D ; wnf ; aomom; [k d w d w f a cud k tvG e f c spf o nf / ,ck v nf ; rd r d o m;tay:
rw&m;tEdkifusifh apmfum;vdkufonf[kxifum a':owMuD;ESifh vdkufvmcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
[dkwdwfac vufnSdK;nTefNy&modkY a'gowMuD; Munfhvdkuf&m &SD;xifcsdwfESifhtwl wpfpm;yGJwnf;xdkifum
&if;&if;ESD;ESD; aNymqdkpm;aomufaeaom vl&nfoefYudk awGUvdkufonfwGif [dk,kqef rsufESmtrlt&m csufcsif;
aNymif;vJoGm;onf/
]]a[m ... aemifMuD; 0rf;tif;armufygvm;}}
[kd,kqefu a&&Gwfvkdufonf/
]][kwfyghAsm? vmav at;at;aq;aq;xkdif&if; aNymMuwmaygh? uav;awGNzpfysufcJhMuwmawGudk
usKyftptqkH; Nrifvkdufygw,f}}
175
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0rf;tifarmufu zdwfac:aomaMumifh [kd,kqefwdkYonf xdkpm;yGJ&Sd xkdifckHvGwfrsm;wGif 0ifxdkifvdkufMuonf/
]]a[m'gu e*g;NzLa*[m&JU xdyfwef;odkif;orm; [kd,kqefqdkwmyJ? 'Duarmif&ifav;&JU emrnfuawmh
&SD;xifcsdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f}}
0rf;tifarmufu [kd,kqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk rdwfqufay;vdkufonf/
]]'Daumifav;udk igNrifzl;ovdkvkdygvm;? b,fae&mrSm Nrifzl;ygvdrfh}}
[kd,kqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudkMunfhum pdwfxJrS awG;aerdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xkdif&mrSxum [dk,kqefudk t&dktaoay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]OD;&D;awmf [kd,kqef tNypfwifr,fqdk&ifvJ uRefawmfcH&rSmygyJ? uRefawmf pdwfvdkufrmefygeJY
OD;&D;awmf&JUom;udk &dkufESufrdygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk Nzpf&wmu ...}}
[dk,kqefu vufumNyum ...
]]taxGtxl; &Sif;Nyaep&m rvdkygbl;? usKyf em;vnfygNyD? vli,ftcsif;csif; tcefYroifhvdkY Nzpf&wmudk
usKyfb,fvdkrS oabmrxm;ygbl;}}
0rf;tifarmufonf aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfvSol Nzpfonf/
trS e f w &m;buf r S tNrJ w rf ; &yf w nf o nf / xd k o k d Y trS e f w &m;buf r S tNrJ w rf ; &yf w nf u m
vkyfaqmifcJhrIrsm;aMumifh orm"d 0rf;tifarmuf[líyif trnf&cJhonf/
,ck &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf 0rf ; tif a rmuf E S i f h t wl wpm;yG J w nf ; xd k i f u m pm;aomuf a eNyD ;
0rf;tifarmufukd,fwdkifu ta&;w,l rdwfqufay;aomtcg apmapmu NzpfysufcJhonfhudpw ö Gif &SD;xifcsdwf\tvGef
r[kwfEdkifaMumif;udk [kd,kqef em;vnfoGm;cJhayonf/
[dkwdwfacrSm zcifudk tm;udk;wMuD; oGm;ac:um rdrdcHcJh&onfudk vufwkHYNyef&ef MuH&G,fcJhaomfvnf;
xifaMu;rudkufaomaMumifh rsufESmi,fav;ESifh acgif;ikHYae&&Smonf/
]]a[m'Du armif&ifav; &SD;xifcsdwfeJY cifAsm;eJYu b,fwkef;u oduRrf;cJhMuwmvJ}}
[kd,kqefu olYtxif rSefrrSef od&atmif 0rf;tifarmufudk ar;onf/
]]odMuwm odyfrMumao;ygbl;? apmapmav;uyJ odcJhMuwmyg}}
0rf;tifarmufu þokdYtpcsDNyD; [dkwdwfacwdkY vlpkESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY tcsif;rsm;MuykHESifh rdrdESifh &SD;xifcsdwf
oduRrf;cJh&ykHwdkYudk tao;pdwf aNymNyonf/
[kd,kqefonf wpfOD;wnf;aomom;udk tvGefcspfum om;Nzpfol\pum;rsm;udk ,kHwwfonfrSvGJí
vlaNzmifhvlaumif;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ 0rf;tifarmuf aNymNyonfrsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg rdrd\om;twGuf
rsm;pGm&Sufrdonf/
[kd,kqefonf [kdwdwfacbufokdY vSnfhMunfh&if; ....
]]'Dtwdkif;qdk ... rif;bufu tvGefawGcsnf;ygvm;uG? [if ... wdwfac? rif;vkyfykHu om;orD;raumif;
rdbacgif;qdkovdk rdbygemrnfysuf t&Suf&zdkYNzpfaeNyD}}
[kd,kqefu om;Nzpfoludk qlylMudrf;armif;ae&m &SD;xifcsdwfrSm raeombJ Mum;0ifum aNym&avawmhonf/
]]tckvdk NyóemNzpf&wm[m OD;&D;awmf&JUom; tNypfcsnf;r[kwf&ygbl;? csdwfcsdwfcsif;rS csdwfrdw,f qdkovdk
uRefawmfu onf;rcHEdkifbJ pdwfvdkufrmefyg xvkyfrdwmvJ ygygyw,f? 'gaMumifh tckudpöudk uRefawmfb,fvkdrS
ratmufarhbJ arhypfvdkufyghr,f}}
]][m ... 'Dvkd b,f[kwfrSmvJ? wdwfac&JU a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; vIyfrIaMumifh tckvdkNyóemawG Nzpfvm&wmyg?
'Dupd t ö wGuf armif&ifav;udak wmif usKyfwYkd u awmif;yef&rSmyg? 'Dawmh usKyfwYkd &UJ e*g;NzLa*[mudk tvnfvu kd cf zhJ Ydk
armif&ifav;udk zdwfac:ygw,f? armif&ifav;udk awmif;yefwJhtaeeJY {nfhcHNyKpkcsifvkdYyg}}
[kd,kqefu ysmysmovJ aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLa*[modkY rvkdufygvdkay/
e*g;NzLa*[mokdY a&muf&SdNyD;aemuf rdrdaemufaMumif; Nzpf&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tar;tNref;cH&rnfudk
pkd;&drfonf/
NyD;awmh Zdrifwkef;udkvnf; ,ckavmavmq,f rawGUvdkao;ay/
176
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tckvdk zdwfac:wmudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm;? taxGtxl;{nfhcHNyKpkNyD; awmif;yefp&m
rvdkygbl;? uRefawmfu cGifhvTwfNyD;om;yg? NyD;awmh tckavmavmq,f uRefawmfhrSm ta&;MuD;wJh udpöav;awG
vkyfp&m&Sdaeao;wmaMumifh OD;&D;awmf&JU zdwfMum;csufudk vufrcHEdkifwm cGifhvTwfyg? taMumif;uHqkH&ifawmh
NyefawGUMuao;wmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf [kd,kqefudk aNymNyD;aemuf 0rf;tifarmufbufokdY vSnfhMunfhonf/
[k d , k q ef \ pd w f x J w G i f [d k w d w f a c\tNyKtrl a Mumif h &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf rd r d w d k Y rd o m;pk t ay:
txiftNrifao;um zdwfac:rIudk Niif;qefNcif;Nzpfrnf[k awG;rdonf/
]]uJ ... rdwfaqGMuD; 0rf;tifarmuf? usKyfudk cGifhNyKygOD;? 'Du armif&ifav;udkvnf; EIwfqufcJhygw,f}}
[kd,kqefonf 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk EIwfqufum xkdif&mrSm xGufcGmoGm;onf/
[kdwdwfacwkdYvnf; [kd,kqef\aemufrS cyfukyfukyfav; vkdufygoGm;Muonf/

----------------------------------------------------------

]]uJ ... usKyfwdkY at;at;aq;aq; qufpm;Mu&atmifvm;}}


0rf;tifarmufu [if;vsmrsm; xyfrHrSm,lonf/ &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf vufzuf&nfMurf;wpftkd;yg
xnfhoGif;rSmMum;ay;onf/
rMumrDyif xyfrrH mS Mum;xm;aom pm;aomufz, G &f mrsm; a&muf&v
dS m&m olwYkd EpS af ,mufonf pm;aomuf&if;
pum;pNrnf qufvufaNymqdkMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu aysmufqkH;aeaom a':av;csif;csif;ESifh zcif&SD;[kefwdkY taMumif;udk 0rf;tifarmufxHrS
wD;acgufpkHprf;Munfhvdkonf/
odkYaomf pum;taNymrSm;NyD; rdrdtay: 0rf;tifarmufu wrsKd;wrnf xifoGm;rnfudkvnf; pkd;&drfrdonf/
wu,fawmh olYzcif&SD;[kefrSm ydkifusifvkH\vufcsufNzifh aoqkH;oGm;cJh&NyD; Nzpfonf/ odkYaomf ydkifpkusifu
rvdkvm;tyfaom Nyóemrsm; ay:vmrnfpkd;aomaMumifh &SD;[keftaMumif;udk trSeftwdkif; aNymrNybJ
aysmufqkH;aeNyD[líom aNymMum;xm;cJhonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfu aysmufaeaom zcifudk pkHprf;Munfh&ef pdwful;Ncif;Nzpfayonf/
]]'geJY ... e*g;NzLa*[mtaMumif;udk enf;enf;yg;yg;avmuf aNymNyygvm; OD;OD;&JU}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu pum;pvkdufonf/
]]rif;u [kd,kqef&JUom; a[mh&rf;wmudk awGUwmeJY e*g;NzLa*[mudk txifao;oGm;NyDvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; 0rf;tifarmuf\ pum;vrf;aMumif;twdkif; vdkufum ...
]]txiftNrifao;wJh oabmawmh r[kwfygbl;? 'gayr,fh OD;OD; tNrifyJav? wu,fvdkY [kd,kqefu
olYom;udk 'DvdkyJ tvkdvdkufxm;&if 'DNyóemrsKd;awG qufNyD; ay:aygufaerSmyJ r[kwfvm;? om;orD;udk cspfwmawmh
cspfwmaygh? odyfcspfNyD; odyftvdkvdkuf&if vlYb0udk tpysKd;cgp vli,fwpfa,muftzdkY vrf;rSm;udka&mufNyD;
rvdkvm;tyfwmawG NzpfvmEdkifygw,f}}
[kd,kqefESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkYonf tawmfyif &if;EDS;uRrf;0if Mu[ef&SdaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf tuJcwfrdNyD
Nzpf\/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; 0rf;tifarmufxHrS e*g;NzLa*[mtaMumif; owif;pum;rsm; ay:xGufvmEdkifap&eftwGuf
wrifyif [kd,kqefudk wrsKd;xifaeoa,mif pum;qdkvdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmufuvnf; [kd,kqeftay: txiftNrif rrSm;ap&eftwGuf olwwfEdkiforQ &Sif;vif;Nyonf/
]]e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awGu odkif;orm;qdk;awGawmh r[kwfygbl;? vrf;rSefodkif;orm;awGygyJ?
'gayr,fh NyD;cJhwJh q,fh&SpfESpfausmfausmf avmufupNyD; e*g;NzLa*[meJY wNcm;okdif;tzGJUtpnf;awG tMum;rSm
rausrvnfawG NzpfvmcJNh yD; twdu k tf cku
d af wGvJ &Sv
d mcJw
h ,f? 'g[mvJ e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmif ydik u f sifv&Hk UJ orD;
ydkifpkusifaMumifh NzpfcJh&wmyg}}
]]aMomf [kwfvm;}}
177
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfu pum;axmuf ay;vdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmufu qufvufNyD; a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf; ckd;,lcHcJh&ykH taMumif;rsm;udk
aNymNyonf/
0rf ; tif a rmuf aNymNyonf r sm;teuf tcsKd U rS m rd c if N zpf o l yd k i f p k u sif aNymNyí od x m;NyD ; aom
taMumif;t&mrsm; ygonf/ tcsKdUrSmrl &SD;xifcsdwf rod&ao;aom taMumif;t&mrsm; Nzpfonf/
]]tJ'D ydkifpkusifqdkwJh rdef;rMuD;u a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk wu,fyJ ckd;,lcJhwmvm;[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmuf\ rsufESmt&dyftuJudk pl;prf;MunfhNyD; ar;onf/ 0rf;tifarmufu
wnfNidrfpGmyif ...
]]tJ'geJY ywfoufNyD; usKyfawmh wxpfcs raNymEdkifbl;? tcsif;NzpfyGm;cJhwJh nu a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU
aq;pyfcef;u tapmifhokdif;orm;wpfa,muf typfcwfcHvkduf&wJh vufeuf[m ydkifpkusif&JU qHxkd;Nzpfaewmuawmh
trSeyf ?J a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu tJ'q D x H ;dk ukd oufaocHvyk Nf yD; vQKdU0Suyf pön;f udk ck;d oGm;wm ydik pf u
k sifyv J Ykd pGypf w
JG ,f?
e*g;NzLa*[muawmh tJ'DqHxdk;[m ydkifpkusif&JU qHxdk;Nzpfwmudk 0efcHayr,fh vQKdU0Sufypönf; tckd;cH&wm ydkifpkusifeJY
rywfoufbl;vdkY Niif;qdkcJhw,f/ 'DvdkeJY NyóemawG tpysKd;cJhwmygyJ}}
]]qHxdk;av;wpfckawGU&kHeJY ydkifpkusif&JUvufcsufvdkY wxpfcspGyfpGJvdkYawmh b,fNzpfEdkifrSmvJ}}
]]tif;av ... 'gaMumifhvJ e*g;NzLa*[mu Niif;qdkaecJhwmaygh? cufwmu ydkifpkusifudkvJ b,fvkdrS
pkHprf;&SmazGvdkY r&EdkifbJ pkyfpNrKyfp aysmufaew,f? wu,fvdkY ydkifpkusifudk &SmvdkYawGUNyD; aoaocsmcsm
ar;Nref;ppfaq;Munfhr,f qdk&ifawmh taNctaeu wpfrsKd;Nzpfvmaumif; NzpfvmEdkifwmayghav? tckawmh Nyóemu
raNyvnfEdkifbJ vdyfcJwnf;vnf; Nzpfaewm q,fh&SpfESpfawmif ausmfoGm;NyD? tckxufxd raNz&Sif;EdkifMuao;bl;}}
]]OD;OD; aNymwmawGudk Mum;&NyD;awmh uRefawmf wpfckpOf;pm;rdw,f}}
]]bmrsm; pOf;pm;rdwmvJ}}
]]ydkifpkusifqdkwJh trsKd;orD;[m a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk ckd;xm;wmr[kwfbJ
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu xifaMu;eJY pGyfpGJaewmaMumifh ,kefawmifaNy; acG;aNrmufvdkufqdkwmvdk NzpfNyD;
vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk wu,fcdk;,loGm;wJh vl&JU aNc&mudk azmfr&awmhwmvdkY uRefawmf pOf;pm;rdvdkYyg}}
0rf;tifarmufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk csD;usL;av;pm;aom tMunfhNzifh MunfhvkdufNyD; ...
]]rif;u w,fawmfygvm;? rif;awG;wm rqdk;bl;? NzpfEdkifw,f? odyfudk NzpfEdkifw,f? rif;&JU pOf;pm;csufudk
[kd,kqefom Mum;&&if odyfoabmusoGm;rSmyJ? oluvJ vQKdU0Sufypönf; tckd;cH&wJhudpö[m ydkifpkusifeJY
rywfoufbl;vdkY ,kHMunfaew,fav}}
]]uRefawmfu 'Davmufawmfwm r[kwfygbl; OD;OD;&,f? tusKd;taMumif; qufpyfawG;awmMunfh&if
'Dtwdkif;yJ taNzay:rSmyg}}
]][kwfygw,f? 'gaMumifhvJ a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu ydkifpkusifudk zdzdpD;pD; vkdufr&SmcJhwmygyJ}}
]]'Dvq kd &kd if odik ;f avmurSm &Iyaf xG;wdu k cf u
kd af eMuwJh udp[
ö m wNcm;taMumif;awG &Sad eao;wJh oabmvm;}}
]]rrSm;bl;}}
]]'gqdk&if b,fvdktaMumif;awGvJ cifAsm}}
0rf;tifarmufonf csufcsif;pum;rNyefao;bJ &SD;xifcsdwfudk aphaphMunfhvkdufonf/
]]'Daumifav;u bmaMumifh e*g;NzLa*[mtaMumif;udk 'Davmuf pdwf0ifpm;ae&wmvJ? ol[m
wNcm;e*g;u0dwpfa,mufa,muf&JU taxmufawmfrsm;vm;}}
0rf;tifarmufonf csufcsif;pum;NyefraNymao;bJ pOf;pm;aeonf/
acwå r QpOf ; pm;NyD ; rS ok d i f ; avmuwG i f vQKd U 0S u f c suf r[k w f a wmh a om rS J Y & S p f v k H ; &S i f t aMumif ; ud k
aNymNyvdkufavonf/
ydkifpkusif aNymNyxm;onfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif taMumif;udk tawmftoifh od&Sdxm;cJhNyD
Nzpf\/
,ck 0rf;tifarmufu xyfrHaNymNy NyefonfwGif rSJY&SpfvkH;&SiftaMumif;ESifh ywfoufNyD; pkHpkHvifvifyif
od&SdoGm;&onf/
178
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,aeYodkif;avmuwGif Nzpfay:aeaom t&IyftaxG;Nyóemrsm;ESifh wdkufcdkufrIrsm;onf rdrd\rdcif
yd k i f p k u sif E S i f h ywf o uf r I u omref r QomNzpf N yD ; t"d u tm;Nzif h rS J Y &S p f v k H ; &S i f N zpf a om rd r d E S i f h
ydkrdkywfoufaeaMumif;udkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfoabmaygufrdavawmhonf/
]]OD;OD;aNymNywmawG em;axmif&vdkY uRefawmfhrSm trsm;MuD; A[kokw wdk;yGm;&ygw,f? tif; ...
odkif;avmuMuD;[m w,fvJ&IyfaxG;ygvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu oufNyif;csum aNymvdkufonf/
]]rif;aNymwm rrSm;ygbl;? wpfukd,faumif;pdwfeJY avmb? a'go arm[awG zkH;vTrf;aeorQ umvywfvkH;
Zmwf&IyfMuD;awGeJYyJ oHo&mvnfae&rSmygyJ? odyfawmh rqef;ygbl;}}
]]qifNcifwkHw&m; vufudkifxm;NyD; trSm;trSefudk a0cGJvkyfudkifMur,f? avmbrMuD;Mubl;? wpfOD;eJYwpfOD;
axmufxm;nSmwmwJh pdwfawG&SdMur,fqdk&if 'DvdkNyóem t&IyftaxG;awG ray:aygufEdkifawmhbl;ayghaemf}}
]]rif;aNymwm odyfudk[kwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DvdkNzpfvmzdkYuawmh odyfrvG,fvSbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkYonf pum;aNymqdk&if; tcsdefukefvGefvmcJhMuonf/
wpfOD;tay:wpfOD;vnf; ydkrdkem;vnfum &if;ESD;rI ydkrdk&&SdvmcJhonf/
yDuif;NrdKUawmf&Sd pm;aomufqdkifMuD;wdkif;wGif wnf;cdkcef;rsm; yl;wGJzGifhvSpfxm;avh&Sdonfhtwdkif;
olwdkYpm;aomufaeMuonfh pm;aomufqdkifwGifvnf; wnf;cdkcef;rsm; &Sdonf/
0rf ; tif a rmuf E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y o nf xd k p m;aomuf q d k i f & S d wnf ; cd k c ef ; rsm;wG i f y if iS m ;&rf ; um
wnf;cdkaexdkifMuavawmhonf/

179
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (20)
&SD;xifcsdwfonf cyfapmapmyif tdyf&m0ifonf/
odkYaomf tdyfaysmfNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
axG&mav;yg; pOf;pm;ae&mrS [kd,kqefwdkY om;tztaMumif;qDodkY a&mufoGm;rdonf/ [kdwdwfaconf
rdbtvdkvdkufcH&aomaMumifh olUudk,fol txifMuD;vGef;um a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; NyKvkyfaeNcif; Nzpfayonf/
[d k w d w f a cud k aumif ; rG e f a om vl i ,f v l & G , f wpf a ,muf N zpf v map&ef r S m aumif ; rG e f p G m
qkH;roGefoifEdkifrItay:wGif rlwnfaeayonf/
ol,ckvkdrsKd; a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; NyKrlaeNcif;onf zcifNzpfol[kd,kqef\ tNypfvnf;ruif;[k &SD;xifcsdwf
xifrdonf/
[kd,kqefonf odkif;orm;aumif;wpfa,muf? pdwfxm;aumif;rGefaom vlwpfa,mufNzpfonfudkum;
rNiif;vdkay/
odkYaomf [kd,kqefonf zcifaumif;wpfa,muf\ wm0efudk rausyGef[líum; aNymvdkonf/
vli,fwdkif;wGif pl;prf;vdkpdwf? twk,lvdkpdwf? tm;usrcHvdkpdwfrsm; &SdpNrJyif/
aumif;aomt&mudk pl;prf;ítwk,lvQif aumif;aomr*Fvmyifwnf;/ raumif;aomt&mudk pl;prf;í
twk,lrSm;ygu vrf;rSm;ay: a&mufoGm;Edkifayonf/
[kdwdwfacwdkYtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;&mrS rdrd\b0taMumif;udkqufí pOf;pm;rdNyefonf/
]]wcsKd U u aNymMuw,f ? uav;ol i ,f b 0[m yl y if a omu pd w f n pf n L;p&mawG uif ; w,f w J h ?
vl Y b0ouf w rf ; rS m uav;ol i ,f b 0[m aysmf & T i f p &m taumif ; qk H ; yJ w J h ? tif ; ... igh b 0usawmh
vlUavmutaMumif;udk rodem;rvnfao;wJh i,f&G,fpOfuav;b0uwnf;u avmu"Hudk &ifqdkifcJh&w,f?
b0'PfcsufawG&cJhw,f? rdbwdkY&JU *&kPma&mifNcnfatmufrSm raecJh&bl;? at;av ... bmyJNzpfNzpf vlqdkwm
arQmfvifhcsufeJY touf&SifvIyf&Sm;ae&wmygyJ? ighb0[m tckvJ rat;csrf;ao;bl;? rdcifeJY a0;ae&w,f?
zcif a ysmuf q k H ; aew,f ? a':av;csif ; csif ; qd k w mvJ b,f a &muf a erS e f ; rod b l ; ? iguawmh ol w d k Y u d k
awGUatmif&SmazG&r,f? vkyfaqmif&r,fh ighwm0efawGudk NyD;Nywfatmif vkyfaqmif&r,f}}
[kdawG;onfawG;Nzifh trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmaeoNzifh noef;acgifausmfaom tcsdefwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwf
arS;ceJtdyfaysmfoGm;avawmhonf/
180
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
oef;acgifausmfrS arS;ceJ tdyfaysmfoGm;aomfvnf; ttdyftaeenf;olrdkY reuftm&kPfwufvQif
tdyf&mrSEdk;vmonf/
tdyf&mrS Edk;vmonfESifh rsufESmopf? t0wftpm;rsm; vJvS,f0wfqifNyD; 0rf;tifarmuf\ tcef;bufokdY
vmcJhonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\ tcef;wHcg;rSm ydwfxm;qJNzpfonf/
]]a'guf ... a'guf ... a'guf}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tcef;wHcg;udk acgufvdkufonf/
tcef;xJrS rnfonfhwkHYNyefrIudkrQ r&/
oltawG;& cufoGm;onf/
]]OD;OD;0rf;tifarmuf[m raeYwek ;f u t&ufawmfawmfaomufcahJ yr,fh trl;vGeo f mG ;wmrsKd;awmh rNzpfcyhJ gbl;?
NyD;awmh tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;MuD; wpfa,muf[m 'DavmufvJ ttdyfrMuD;Edkifygbl;}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif wnf;cdkcef; tvkyform;wpfa,muf avQmufvSrf;vmonfudk awGU&onfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfu vSrf;ar;vdkuf\/
]]'Dtcef;xJu OD;OD; tNyifxGufoGm;wm Nrifrdovm;}}
tvkyform;av;u acgif;udkcg,rf;Nyum ...
]]raNymwwfbl;cifAsm? 'DaeYreufydkif;rSmawmh b,f{nfhonfrStNyifudk xGufroGm;Muao;ygbl;}}
]]'gqd&k if qef;awmhqef;aeNyD? 'Dtcef;xJu OD;OD;[m uReaf wmfrh w
d af qGy?J tck ac:vdYk vrJ &bl;? tcef;wHcg;udk
wGef;NyD;zGifhMunfhcsifw,f}}
]]cPapmifhyg tpfudkav;}}
qdkiftvkyform;av; taNy;xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf qdkiftMuD;tuJ wpfa,mufudk ac:vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkqdkiftMuD;tuJ\ oabmwlnDcsufudk&,lNyD; ydwfaeaom tcef;wHcg;udk wGef;zGifhonf/
wHcg;udk twGif;bufrS uvefYcsxm;aomfvnf; twGif;tm;tenf;i,fudk pdkufxkwfum wGef;vdkufonfESifh
uvefYNyKwfum wHcg;yGifhoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh qdkiftMuD;tuJwdkY tcef;xJokdY 0ifvdkufMuonf/
Nywif;aygufyGifhaeonf/ cif;usif;xm;aom tdyf&mrSmrl wGefYaMuNcif;r&Sd? nDnmNyefYNyL;aeonf? tcef;xJ&Sd
ypönf;rsm;rSmvnf; olYae&mESifhol aoaooyfoyf &Sdaeonf/
odkYaomf 0rf;tifarmufudkum; t&dyfta,mifrQyif rawGU&ay/
]][if ... b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ? wHcg;ydwfaew,f? Nywif;aygufyGifhaew,f? tcef;xJrSm vluawmhr&Sdbl;}}
qdkiftMuD;tuJu tawG;&cuf[efNzifh acgif;udkcg,rf;NyD;aNymonf/
]]olUrSm ta&;wMuD;udpö&SdvdkY xGufoGm;wmNzpfygvdrfhr,f? olUtwGuf usoifhwJh wnf;cdkcef;cudk
uRefawmfay;yghr,f}}
Nyóem ydkryGm;apvkdaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfu zkH;zdum aNymMum;vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf wnf;cdkc usoifhaiGrsm;udk ay;acsNyD; qdkifrS xGufcGmvmcJhonf/
0rf;tifarmuf raNymrqdkbJ aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufoGm;&onfhtwGuf olYpdwfxJwGif tawmfyif
b0ifrusEdkifatmif Nzpfaeonf/
ta&;MuD;onfh taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh xGufoGm;&onfhwdkif rdrdudk vma&muftaMumif;Mum;oifhonf[k
awG;rdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf 0rf;tifarmufESifh awGUqkHcJh&onfrSm rMumao;ayr,fh tay:,Htm;Nzifh tawmfyif
&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifrdMuonf/ odkYygaomfvnf; 0rf;tifarmuf taMumif;udkum; aoaocsmcsm rod&ay/
awGUNrif tuJcwfr&d oavmufuawmh pdwx f m;aNzmifrh wfwnfMunfNyD; odik ;f ynmxufNrufow l pfa,muf[k
&SD;xifcsdwf xifrdonf/
0rf ; tif a rmuf taMumif ; ud k aumif ; pG m rod a o;onf h t wG u f rnf o k d Y r nf y k H aysmuf o G m ;onf u d k
tcefYrSef;&cufaeonf/
181
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
yDuif;aeNynfawmf\ vlpnfum;aom vrf;wpfvrf;okdY &SD;xifcsdwf a&muf&Sdvmonf/
vrf;ay:wGif vlrsm;? Nrif;rsm;? vSnf;rsm;Nzifh pnfum;&IyfaxG;aeonf/
rdrdyckH;udk vlwpfa,mufu ykwfvkdufaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwf vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m ar;&dk;um;um;?
rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifh vlwpfa,mufudk awGU&onf/
xdkolu tm;wkHYtm;emNzpfoGm;aom trlt&mESifh awmif;yefpum;qdkonf/
]][m ... vlrSm;oGm;vdkYyg? pdwfr&SdygeJYAsm aemf}}
vl o G m ;vl v mrsm;Nym;onf h ae&mwG i f rd r d u d k vl r S m ;ac:rd N cif ; Nzpf r nf [ k a wG ; um &S D ; xif c sd w f u
NyefNyKH;Nyvdkufonf/
]]udpör&Sdygbl;Asm}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ pum;rqkH;rDrSmyif xdkol&kwfw&uf xGufoGm;onf/
rdrd\ tusÐtdwfxJwGif ayghyg;oGm;ovdk cHpm;&aomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf tdwfudkvufNzifh trSwfrxif
prf;Munfhvdkufonf/
ol rsufvkH;NyL;oGm;onf/
aiGxkyfr&Sdawmh/
]][m ... w,f vufNrefwJh cg;ydkufEIdufyJ}}
pdwfxJrS a&&Gwfvdkuf&if; apmapmuvludk vdkuf&SmMunfhonf/
vltkyfxJwGif wdk;a0SUoGm;aeaom cg;ydkufEIdufudk awGUNrif&avonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfvnf; cg;ydkufEIdufaemufokdY
tNrefqkH; vdkufoGm;onf/
vl p nf u m;aom ae&mNzpf a omaMumif h ud k , f a zmh y nmud k rok H ; Ed k i f / aNcvS r f ; oG u f o G u f N zif h o m
vltrsm;tMum;rS wdk;a0SUNyD; vdkufae&onf/
cg;ydkufEIdufudk rsufNcnfNywfoGm;vkduf? NyefawGUvdkuf Nzpfaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;wpfa,muf NzpfonfhtavQmuf cg;ydkufEIduf\ ykHyef;oP²mefudk
acgif;xJwGif pGJxifaeatmif rSwfrdaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh vlrsm;pnfum;aeaomfvnf; cg;ydkufEIdufudk aemufa,mifcHum vdkufaeEdkifNcif;Nzpfonf/
odkYESifh vl&Sif;aom ae&mbufokdY a&mufvmonf/ cg;ydkufEIdufonf tdrfwpftdrfxJokdY aNy;0ifoGm;onfudk
awGUvdkuf&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf udk,fazmhynm okH;vkduf&m wr[kwfcsif;rSmyif xdktdrfa&SUokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
wnf;cdkcef;wGif 0rf;tifarmufESifh ywfoufí b0ifrus NzpfaecJhaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm ,ckaiGxkyf cg;ydkufEIduf
cH&onfhtwGuf a'goudkqGay;ovdk Nzpfaerdonf/
td r f w H c g;onf aph a ph y d w f a e\/ &S D ; xif c sd w f u aph a ph y d w f a eaom td r f w H c g;ud k aNcaxmuf E S i f h
ypfuefvdkufawmhonf/
]]0kef;}}
Nyif;xefaom aNcuefcsufaMumifh tdrfwHcg; usKd;ysufum yGifhxGufoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tdrfxJokdY r0ifao;bJ twGif;bufokdYom pl;prf;tuJcwf Munfhonf/
tdrfxJwGif vlav;a,muf&SdaeNyD; tHhMoonfhtoGifrsm;Nzifh vSrf;MunfhaeMuonf/
xkdvlav;a,mufteuf wpfa,mufrSm ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifh cg;ydkufEdIuf Nzpfonf/
usefokH;a,mufuawmh t&G,fcyfi,fi,f Nzpfonf/ odkif;orm;rsm; NzpfMuykH&onf/
wHcg;udk csKd;zsuf0ifa&mufvmolonf rdwfzGJU&ef a&mufvmolr[kwfEdkifaMumif; awG;rd[efNzifh
vli,fokH;a,mufonf ckefxNyD; wdkufcdkuf&ef NyifvkdufMuonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkYokH;a,mufeJY bmrSrqdkifbl;? ab;z,faeyg? usKyfawGUcsifaewm [kdvlyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ar;&dk;um;um;? rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifhvludk vufnSdK;xdk; aNymvdkufonf/
]]a[h ... bmMunfhaeMuwmvJ? 'DieJudk 0dkif;wG,fMuygawmhvm;}}
ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;vlu atmf[pftrdefYay;onf/
182
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vli,fodkif;orm;okH;a,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdkufckduf&ef a&SUodkYaNy;wufvmMuonf/ xdktcsdefwGif
&SD;xifcsdwfaemufokdY aNcwpfvSrf; qkwfvdkufonf/
tdrf\wHcg;aygufrSm odyfrus,fvSay/ vlwpfa,mufom acsmifacsmifcsdcsd 0ifEdkifxGufEdkifonf/
vlESpfa,muf NydKifwlxGufvQif tawmfusyfusyfodyfodyf Nzpfrnf/ vlokH;a,muf NydKifwlxGufí r&Edkifay/
þtcsufudk tuJcwfrdaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf tdrfwHcg;rS aNcwpfvSrf;tuGmokdY qkwfaevdkufNcif;
Nzpfonf/
tdrfwHcg;rS okH;a,mufNydKifwl wdk;xGufí r&EdkifaomaMumifh vli,fokdif;orm; okH;a,mufwdkYonf
vlpkcGJxGuf&avawmhonf/
yxrqkH;wpfa,mufu a&SUwdk;vmonf/ usefESpfa,mufu aemufcsefae&pfcJhonf/
a&SUwd;k vmolu &S;D xifcsdwu f kd vufo;D Nzifh vSr;f xd;k onf/ aNrGq;kd wGi;f xGuo f idk ;f uGuNf zifh wduk cf u
kd v
f u dk Nf cif;
Nzpfonf/
aNrGqdk;wGif;xGufodkif;uGufonf tawmfav; tqifhNrifhonf/ odkif;ynmudk taysmfwrf;oif,l
avhusifhaeaom pmayorm;wpfa,mufudk aumif;aumif; tEdkif,lEdkifayonf/
xdkvl&G,fonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk odkif;ynm taysmfwrf;avhusifhaeaom pmayorm;wpfa,mufxifum
xkdodkif;uGufNzifh wdkufckdufvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f v d k e*g;NzLu0d r aemok d i f ; uG u f q,f h & S p f u G u f u d k wwf a Nrmuf x m;onf h
tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;wpfa,muftzdkY aNrGqdk;wGif;xGuf odkif;uGuftm; ta&;rxm;avmufay/
nmvufudk qefYxkwfum tomykwfcgvdkuf&kHNzifh vli,fodkif;orm;\ aNrGqdk;wGif;xGuf odkif;uGufudk
acszsufNyD; NzpfoGm;onf/
odkif;orm;vli,fonf ol\tm;t&Sdefudk Nyefrxdef;EdkifbJ tdrfwHcg;rS tNyifbufokdY uRHxGufvmonf/
þwGif &SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;NzLNrpfqif;odkif;uGufNzifh vuf0g;wpfcsuf tom&dkufxkwfvdkuf&m vli,fokdif;orm;\
&if0udk ususee &dkufrdoGm;onf/
xdkvli,frSm aemufodkY ,drf;,dkifum zifxkdifvJusoGm;onf/
usefvli,fESpfa,mufonf &kwfNcnf;yif a&SUwdk;vmum &SD;xifcsdwfudk vufoD;ESifh NydKifwlvSrf;xdk;
vdkufMuonf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf NydKifw0l ifvmaom vufo;D ESpv f ;Hk udk e*g;NzLcsKyfzrf;odik ;f uGuNf zifh rdr&d &zrf;csKyfvu kd o f nf/
vufESpfzufudk csKyfzrf;rdonfESifh qwfceJaqmifhqGJvdkuf&m xdkvli,fESpfa,mufrSm a&SUodkY idkufusvmonf/
wHcg;aygifESifh cyfMurf;Murf;wdkufrdí tawmfav; txdemoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkvli,fESpfa,muf\ vufudkvTwfray;ao;bJ qkyfzrf;xm;NyD; tdyfcef;twGif;odkY
ckef0ifvdkufonf/
vufESpfzuf csKyfzrf;xm;Ncif; cH&aom vli,fESpfa,mufrSmvnf; udk,fcE¨mwpfywfMuD; vnfoGm;\/
w&GwfqGJum &SD;xifcsdwf\ aemufokdY ygvmonf/
wHcg;aygif wHcg;&GuftusKd;tysufrsm;ESifh xdckdufrdum 'Pf&mrsm; xyf&ukefMuNyefonf/
tdyfcef;xJokdY vla&mufNyD;rS &SD;xifcsdwfu qkyfzrf;xm;aomvufrsm;udk aNzvTwfay;vdkufonf/
txdemoGm;Muaom vli,fodkif;orm; okH;a,mufwdkYonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk qufvufwdkufcdkufNcif; rNyK&JMu/
aMumufvefYwkefvIyfpGm MunfhaeMuonf/
acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlaom ar;&dk;um;um;? rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifhvlonfvnf; aMumufvefYwkefvIyfaeonf/
od k Y &mwG i f a&S m if w d r f ; xG u f a Ny;&ef v nf ; tcG i f h t vrf ; r&S d a Mumif ; em;vnf o nf h t wG u f
pGefYpm;wdkufckdufonfhtaeNzifh xdkifae&mrSckefxum &SD;xifcsdwftm; tNyif;xefqkH;aom vuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh
&dkufESufwdkufcdkufavawmhonf/
xdkolu vufOD;rIt&,lum wdkufckdufvdkufaomfvnf; xifaMu;rudkufcJhay/
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNcysHwpfcsufNzifh qD;MudKvdkuf&m xdkolrSmaemufodkY vGifhpifvsuf eH&HudkausmNzifh
0ifaqmifhrdNyefonf/
183
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aNcuefcsuf txdcH&onfh'PftNyif aemufausmNzifh eH&HudkaqmifhrdNcif;udkyg cH&oNzifh xdkolrSm tawmfyif
txdemoGm;onf/ yg;pyfrSvnf; wtD;tD; nnf;aeavawmhonf/
]]rif; ... rif; ... bmvkdcsifvdkYvJ}}
xdkolu toHwkefwkefNzifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk ar;vdkufonf/
]]usKyfqDu EIdufoGm;wJh aiGxkyf Nyefay;}}
xdkolu &SD;xifcsdwfudk em;rvnfEdkifonfh toGifNzifhMunfhum ...
]]bm ... bmaiGxkyfvJ}}
]]cifAsm;u aNAmifNiif;csifvdkYvm;? usKyfqDu cifAsm; EIduf,lNyD; xGufaNy;oGm;vdkY usKyfaemufa,mifcH
vdkufvmcJhwmyJ? odyfNyD; Nyóemrrsm;csifbl;? usKyfaiGxkyfNyef&&if awmfNyD}}
]]rif;qDu bmaiGxkyfrS rEIdufcJhygbl;? usKyf&JU nDawmfarmifvufcsuf Nzpfygvdrfhr,f? usKyfnDu 'DrSm
r&Sdawmhbl;? xGufaNy;oGm;NyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rsufESmtrlt&m cyfwif;wif;NyKvdkufNyD; ...
]]"'Dr,f udk,fhvl? aNAmifvdrfzdkY rMudK;pm;eJY? usKyfaiGxkyfudkom xkwfay;}}
xdktcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwf\vufcsufudk yxrqkH; txdcH&NyD; ,ckwdkifvJusae&mrS NyefxrvmEdkifao;aom
odkif;orm;vli,fu ...
]]olaNymwm rSefygw,fcifAsm? q&mav;qDu aiGxkyfEIduf,lcJhwm olYnD usef;atmhyg? apmapmuyJ
tdrfaemufaz;aygufuae xGufoGm;ygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu xdkoludk vSrf;Munfhum ...
]]cifAsm;wkdYuyg 0dkif;vdrfaeMuNyefNyDvm;}}
þtcg usefvli,f okdif;orm;wpfa,mufuvnf; 0ifa&mufaNymqdk vmNyefonf/
]]'Dvykd g q&mav;? uReaf wmfwYkd&UJ q&mMuD;use;f tdrmS tNrGmnD use;f atmhqw kd m &Syd gw,f? olwYkdEpS af ,mufu
&kyf&nfaum udk,fvkH;udk,faygufaum wlMuygw,f? q&mav;&JU aiGxkyfudk EIduf,loGm;wmu uRefawmfwdkY q&mMuD;
usef;td r[kwfygbl;? olY&JU tNrTmyl;nDusef;atmhyJ Nzpfygvdrfhr,f? uRefawmfwdkYq&mMuD;u uRefawmfwdkYeJY 'Dae&mrSm
pum;xdkifaNymaewm wpfem&Davmuf &SdaeygNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; ZGwfw&Gwf rpGyfpGJomawmhyJ tavQmhay;vdkuf&onf/
]]aumif;NyD? 'gqdk&if aNymprf;? tJ'D usef;atmh qdkwJhvl b,fae&mrSm &SdEdkifrvJ}}
usef;tdqdkolu tenf;i,fpOf;pm;vdkufNyD; ...
]]olu &kwfw&uf a&mufvmNyD; csufcsif;xGufoGm;wm? ola&mufvmNyD; rMumcifrSmyJ rif;a&mufvmwmyJ?
olb,fae&mudk oGm;w,fqdkwm aNymzkdYcufw,f? 'Daumifu zJawmh0goemygw,f? rif;&JU aiGxkyfudk
olEIdufvmcJhwmqdkawmh aiG&Tifaewkef; zJ0kdif;udkoGm;wm NzpfzdkYrsm;w,f}}
]]zJ0dkif;u b,fae&mrSmvJ}}
]]olaX;avmifql zGifhxm;wJh aysmfpH&ma*[mrSmyg}}
]]aysmfpH&ma*[mudk b,fvdkvkyf oGm;&ovJ}}
]]a[m'D v rf ; &J U taemuf b uf ES p f v rf ; ausmf u vrf ; rMuD ; rS m &S d y gw,f ? aysmf p H & ma*[mqd k & if
b,folYudkar;ar; &ygw,f}}
]]aumif;NyD ... cifAsm;&JU tNrTmyl;nDqdkwJh usef;atmhudk usKyfoGm;&Smr,f? cifAsm;wdkY aNymwmudkvJ
tckavmavmq,f vufcHvdkufr,f? tJ ... usKyfudk vdrfaNymwmqdk&ifawmh aemufwacguf Nyefvmpm&if;&Sif;r,f?
tJ'Dtcgus&if cifAsm;wdkY roufombl;rSwf}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf avoHrmrmESifh Ncdrf;aNcmufaNymqdkNyD; vSnfhxGufvmcJhonf/
rdrdaiGxkyf Nyef&a&;rSm odyfra&&m raocsmaomaMumifh tawmfyifpdwfysufaeonf/ xkdaiGxkyfomqkH;ygu
olYvufxJwGif c&D;p&dwf &Sdawmhrnf r[kwfay/
usef;tdwdkY vlpkrSmvnf; rsufESmi,fav;rsm;ESifh usefaecJhMuonf/

184
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aysmfpH&ma*[m\ avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;wGif vlrsm;pnfum;aeonf/
tcef;us,fMuD;xJwGif avmif;upm;0dkif;rsKd;pkHwdkY &Sdaeonf/
tcef;us,fMuD;\ axmifhwpfae&mrS zJ0dkif;wGif ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifh vlMuD;wpfa,mufu
'dkifvkyfvsuf&Sdonf/
xdkvlMuD;\a&SUwGif aiGrsm; awmifykH&mykHyif &Sdaeonf/ aiGyrmPu tawmfyif rsm;Nym;onf/ tu,fí
xdkvlMuD;onf qufvufrupm;awmhbJ tEdkifydkif;vdkufrnf qdkygu av;ig;ESpfcefY tomav; xdkifpm;
aeEdkifavmufonf/
ok d Y aomf avmif ; upm;orm;wd k Y \ xk H ; pH t wk d i f ; xd k v l M uD ; onf avmbud k rowf E d k i f b J
qufvufupm;aeonf/
,ckyGJwGifvnf; olyifEdkifaeonf/
]]tm;vkH;udk pm;r,fa[h? tm;vkH;udk pm;r,f}}
ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifhvlMuD;onf tm;&yg;& atmf[pfaNymqdkvdkufonf/
0dkif;vkH;uRwf pm;&awmhrnf NzpfaomaMumifh tawmf0rf;omtm;&ae[efwlonf/
zJ0dkif;wGif xkd;om;rsm;tNyif ab;rS0dkif;MunfhaeolawGuvnf; tawmfyifrsm;onf/
'dkifvkyfol\ aemufbuf&Sd vlrsm;xJrS vlwpfa,mufonf a&SUodkYwkd;Munfh&if; tm;vGefoGm;onfh toGifNzifh
'kdifvkyfolvlMuD;\ausmudk vufESpfzufNzifh axmufvdkufonf/
]][m ... rawmfvdkYygAsm? pdwfr&SdygeJY}}
xdkolonf awmif;yefpum; aNymum csufcsif;yif aemufqkwfoGm;onf/
'dkifvkyfol ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifh vlMuD;onf xdk;om;rsm;\ aiGrsm;udk odrf;,l&ef
cg;ukef;vdkufonfrdkY xdkoludk ta&;rvkyfEdkif? 0kdif;&Sd aiGrsm;udkom odrf;usKH;,l&ef [efNyifvkdufonf/
okdYaomf aiGrsm;udk,l&ef vufvSrf;vdkufNyD;rS bmaMumifhrSef;rod? r,lNzpfawmhbJ awmifhawmifhNidrfNidrfMuD;
NzpfoGm;onf/
]]usef;atmh rif;b,fvdk NzpfoGm;wmvJ? rEdkifpzl; tEdkifxl;wmaMumifh 0rf;omvkH;qdkYaewmvm;}}
zJ&IH;aeaom xdk;om;wpfa,mufu tNrifuwfuwfNzifh cGwdkufaNymvkdufonf/
odkYaomf usefxdk;om;wpfa,mufrSmrl usef;atmh\ xl;Ncm;aomtNzpfudk odNrifoGm;onfhtwGuf
tvefYwMum;yif atmfvdkufonf/
]][m ... usef;atmh ausmrSm "m;MuD;pkdufvkdYygvm;}}
þtcgwGifrS zJ0dkif;&Sdvlrsm;onf usef;atmh\ aemufausmudk MunfhvkdufrdMuonf/
"m;aNrmifwpfvufonf t&dk;xdatmifyif pkduf0ifvsuf&Sdaeonf/
zJupm;wkdif; &IH;cJhaom usef;atmhonf ,ckwpfMudrfwGif rMuKHpzl; zJtEdkifMuD;Edkifaeaomfvnf;
rnfolYvufcsufrSef;rodbJ "m;xkd;cH&í toufaysmufcJh&avNyD/
aysmfpH&ma*[m\ upm;0dkif;rsm;wGif aomaom&kwf&kwf Nzpfukefonf/ rdrdwdkYudk trIywfvmrnf
pkd;aomaMumifh avmif;upm;orm;rsm;onf olYxufigOD;atmif xGufaNy;ukefMuonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aysmfpH&ma*[ma&SUodkY &SD;xifcsdwf a&muf&Sdvmonf/ twGif;bufrSvlrsm; aomaom&kwf&kwf
xGufvmMuonfudkNrifNyD; tHhtm;woifh Nzpfrdonf/
]][if ... tapmMuD; &Sdao;w,f? avmif;upm;0kdif;awGu NyD;oGm;NyDvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif þodkYawG;um aysmfpH&ma*[mrS xGufvmMuolrsm;xJwGif usef;atmhudk
vdkuf&SmMunfhonf/
vlom ukefoGm;onf/ ar;&dk;um;um; rsufvkH;NyL;NyL;ESifh usef;atmhudk &SmírawGUcJh/
xdkYaMumifh aysmfpH&ma*[mxJodkY avQmufvSrf;0ifvmcJhonf/
avmif;upm;0dkif;rsm;NyKvkyf&m tcef;us,fMuD;xJodkY &SD;xifcsdwf a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
tcef;us,fMuD;xJwGif avmif;upm;orm;rsm; r&Sdawmhay/
a*[mydkif&Sif olaX;avmifqlESifh a*[mtvkyform;rsm;om &Sdaeonf/
185
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkolrsm;onfvnf; tcef;axmifh wpfae&mwGif 0kdif;tkHaeMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkodkY 0dkif;tkHaeonfh ae&mokdY avQmufoGm;NyD; tvkyform;wpfa,mufudk ar;vdkufonf/
]]bmawG NzpfaewmvJ}}
]]usef;atmhudk b,fol"m;eJY xdk;oGm;rSef; rodbl;? 'gaMumifh 0kdif;MunfhaeMuwmyg}}
xdktvkyform;u vSnfhrMunfhbJ taNzay;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif pdwfysufrdonf/
]]'ku©ygyJ? usef;atmhudk b,folursm; 0ifvkyfMuHoGm;wmvJ? 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if ighaiGawGawmh qkH;ygNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vltkyfxJrS vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m zJ0dkif;NyKvkyfcJh[efwlaom ckHay:wGif arSmufvsufaoqkH;aeol
wpfa,mufudk awGU&onf/ xdkol\ aemufausmwGif "m;aNrSmifwpfvuf xdk;pdkufvsufom; &Sdaeonf/
arSmufvsufom; NzpfaeaomaMumifh xdkvl\rsufESmudk aumif;pGmrNrif&ay/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xdkaoqkH;aeolonf rdrdvm&Smaomvl [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;[k oHo,Nzpfrdonf/
xdkYaMumifh arSmufvsufom; Nzpfaeaomxdkvl\ rsufESmudk MunfhEdkif&eftwGuf udk,fudktom qGJvSefvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tawGUtMuKHEke,fol wpfa,mufNzpfonf/ þokdY NyKrlvdkufNcif;Nzifh aemufqufwGJ
Nzpf a y:Ed k i f a om taMumif ; t&mrsm;ud k rpOf ; pm;wwf a y/ xd k o l \ rsuf E S m ud k o m Munf h v d k a ZmES i f h
qGJvSefvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
tu,fí tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufaom vlwpfa,mufomqdkvQif xdkokdYNyKvkyfrnf r[kwfay/ towfcH&í
aoqkH;aeonfh tavmif;udk xdukdif&ef rqdkxm;bd? tem;okdYyifroDbJ cyfa0;a0;rSom MunfhaernfNzpfonf/
aoqkH;ol\ rsufESmudk &SD;xifcsdwf awGU&onf/ rsufESmrSm usef;tdrsufESmESifh wax&mwnf; wlonf/
oHo,Nzpfp&m rvdkawmh/
aoqkH;olrSm usef;atmh NzpfaMumif; aocsmoGm;ayNyD/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNcoHNyif;Nyif;eif;um tcef;us,fMuD;xJokdY vlav;a,muf 0ifa&mufvmonf/ t&yfNrifhNrifh
vlMuD;wpfa,mufu OD;aqmifvmonf/
0wfpm;xm;aom t0wftpm; tqiftNyifudk Munfh&onfrSm &mZ0wfrIcif;qdkif&m wm0ef&SdvlawGrSef;
odomonf/ &SD;xifcsdwf aemufokdY qkwfay;vkdufonf/
]]cg;ydkufEIduf usef;td "m;xdk;cH&w,fqdkwm t[kwfygyJvm;}}
a&mufvmonfESifh t&yfNrifhNrifhvlMuD;u toHus,fus,fNzifh ar;\/
]][kwfygw,f q&mMuD; ,efwifh cifAsm}}
olaX;avmifqlu cyf,dkY,dkYav; NyefaNzonf/
]]w&m;cHaum}}
]]rodbl; cifAs}}
xdkokdYar;Nref;&if; ,efwifhonf ywf0ef;usifudk vsifNrefpGm tuJcwfMunfhvdkuf&m olYtMunfhonf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ nmbufvufzrdk;ay:odkY a&mufoGm;onf/
apmapmu usef ; atmh \ ud k , f c E¨ m ud k qG J v S e f v d k u f & mwG i f &S D ; xif c sd w f \ nmvuf z rd k ; ay:wG i f
aoG;puftenf;i,f ayusHcJhonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfurl xdktNzpfudk owdrxm;cJhrd/
]]w,f[kwfwJhvlyJ? cifAsm;u aiG&zdkYudkcsnf; Munfhaewmudk;? udk,fh&JUa*[mrSm NzpfoGm;wJh vlowfrI&JU
w&m;cHudkawmif rodEdkifbl;vm;}}
,efwifhu avmifqludk [def;a[mufvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf &SD;xifcsdwf\ vufzrdk;rS aoG;pufrsm;udk wpfcsufvSrf;MunfhvdkufNyefonf/
avmifqlrSm avmif;upm;0kdif;rsm; NyKvkyfum aiG&vrf;&Smaeol wpfa,mufNzpfonfhtwdkif; tvGefyifaumufuspfum
tuif ; vnf ; yg;vS o nf / ,ef w if h \ oH o ,u &S D ; xif c sd w f x H o k d Y a&muf & S d o G m ;NyD u d k tuJ c wf r d \ /
tqif;bD;wyfonfhtaeNzifh ...
]]'Daumifav;uawmh tcif;NzpfyGm;rS 'Dudka&mufvmwmyg? t&ifuawmh wcgrS ra&mufvmzl;ygbl;}}
avmifqlu aNymvdkufonf/
186
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaemuf rdrd\pum;udk oufaoxlonfhtaeNzifh a*[mtvkyform;rsm;buf vSrf;umar;vdkufNyefonf/
]]rif;wdkYaum 'Doli,fudk t&ifu Nrifzl;Muovm;}}
a*[mtrIxrf;rsm;onf aMumifpDpDNzifh wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhum olaNzEdk; igaNzEdk;ESifh
apmifhqdkif;aeMuonf/
]][dwf ... igar;aewm rMum;Mubl;vm;}}
avmifqlu pdwfr&SnfEdkifbJ cyfaigufaiguf aNymvkdufrS wpfa,mufwpfayguf aNzoHrsm; xGufvmonf/
]]olYudk t&ifu rNrifzl;ygbl;}}
]]tckrS Nrifzl;wmyg}}
]]tck Nrif&wm yxrtMudrfygyJ}}
,efwifhu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aiGrsm;qkH;&IH;um c&D;p&dwfr&Sdawmhonfh tNzpfudkawG;um pdwfysufvufysufESifh
rsufESmndKaeonf/ ,efwifhtzdkYydkí oHo,ruif;p&m NzpfoGm;onf/
]]'Dr,foli,f ... usKyfeJY cPvdkufcJhyg}}
,efwifhu &SD;xifcsdwfudkMunfhum tmPmoHNzifh aNymav\/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tHhMooGm;um ...
]]bm ... bm udpö&SdvdkYvJ}}
]]usef;atmh aoqkH;&wmeJY ywfoufNyD; rif;tay:rSm usKyfoHo, Nzpfrdw,f? 'gaMumifh rif;udkar;Nref;
ppfaq;&r,f}}
c&D ; p&d w f a iG r sm; cg;yd k u f E I d u f c H & onf h t wG u f pd w f y suf a eaom &S D ; xif c sd w f r S m vl o wf r I t wG u f
tpGyfpGJcH&aomaMumifh tawmfav; cHNyif;oGm;onf/
]][m ... 'Dudpöu uRefawmfeJY bmrSrqdkifygbl;As}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu Niif;qefvkdufonf/
]]'grsKd;awG &dk;aeNyD? ppfaq;MunfhvdkY rif;rSmtNypfr&Sd&if NyefvTwfay;rSmaygh}}
,efwifhu rcsKdrcsOf NyKH;&,fumaNym\/
avmifvluvnf; Mum;0ifí ...
]][kwfom;yJ armif&if? w&m;ewfapmifhygw,f? wu,fvdkYrif;rSm tNypfr&Sdbl;qdk&if bmrsm;aMumufaep&m
vdkovJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ trSefw&m;udkvnf; vufudkifxm;onf/
usef;atmh aoqkH;onfrSm rdrdESifh rnfokdYrQ rywfoufonfhtwGufvnf; rdrdukd,frdrd oHo,uif;onf/
]]aumif;NyD? uRefawmf vdkufcJhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfum aNymvdkufonf/
,efwifw h Ykdonf avmifqEl iS hf a*[mtrIxrf;rsm;udk tenf;i,far;Nref;NyD;aemuf &S;D xifcsw d u
f kd ac:aqmifum
aysmfpH&ma*[mrS xGufoGm;Muonf/

187
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (21)
uHw&m;onf qef;Mu,fvSonf/
qGrf;cH&if; iSufoifhqdkovdk &SD;xifcsdwfonf cg;ydkufEIdufcH&aom aiGxkyftwGuf usef;atmhudk &SmazG&ef
aysmfpH&ma*[modkY oGm;cJh&mrS vlowfw&m;cHtNzpf tpGyfpGJcH&onf/
olYudk yDuif;aeNynfawmf taemufydkif; tusOf;axmifxJwGif csKyfaESmifxm;onf/
vlowfw&m;cHtNzpf owfrSwfNcif; cHxm;&onfhtwGuf oHaNcusif;rsm;vnf; cwfxm;onf/
bl;av;&m z&kHqifhqdkovdk &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf vGwfvrf;rNrifEdkifp&m taMumif;u xyfrHzefwD;Nyefonf/
usef;atmh\tpfudk usef;tdESifh taygif;ygokH;a,mufwkdYu &SD;xifcsdwfonf usef;atmhudk owfNzwf&ef
vdkuf&SmaeaMumif; rdrdwdkYudkyif Ncdrf;aNcmuf&dkufESufoGm;aMumif;Nzifh olwdkY&&Sdxm;aom 'Pf&mrsm;udkNyoum
tppfcHcJhMuonf/
xdktppfcHcsufu &SD;xifcsdwftay:wGif ydkíoHo,0ifp&m taMumif;rsm; Nzpfvmayonf/
usef;atmhonf emrnfMuD; cg;ydkufEIdufwpfa,mufNzpf&m cg;ydkufEIdufcH&rIaMumifh cHNyif;um "m;ESifhxdk;cJhNcif;
Nzpfrnf[k xifaMu;ay;cJhMuonf/
,efwifhudk,fwdkifu &SD;xifcsdwf\ vufzrdk;ay:wGif aoG;pufrsm;udk awGUcJhonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf
b,fvdkNiif;Niif; r&Edkifawmhay/
MuKHvmorQudk &ifqdkif&efom pdwfydkif;Nzwfvdkuf&onf/
towfcH&í aoqkH;aeaomtavmif;udk rqDrqdkif udkifwG,fMunfhrdcJhonfh rdrd\ayghavsmhrItwGufvnf;
rdrdukd,frdrd tNypfwifrdonf/
þonfrSpí &SD;xifcsdwf tawGUtMuKHtopfwpfck &oGm;onf[k qdk&rnf/
188
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ol vlowfrIw&m;cHtNzpf csKyfaESmifcHxm;&csdefwGif [dkwdwfacwdkY vlpkrSmrl aysmf&Tiftm;&pGm atmifyGJcH
aomufpm;aeMuonf/
zcif\t&SdefNzifh a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; pdwfxifwdkif; NyKrlaexdkifcJhol [kdwdwfaconf &SD;xifcsdwfaMumifh
t&Su&f cJNh yD; zcif\ tNypfwifqyl Nl cif;udv k nf; cHc&hJ oNzifh &S;D xifcsdwEf iS hf 0rf;tifarmufwYkd tay:wGif tcJrausEdik b f J
tNidK;xm;cJhonf/
vufwkHYNyefEdkifa&;twGuf tcGifhaumif;udk apmifhMunfaecJhonf/
0rf;tifarmufudk owdvpfoGm;atmif aq;aiGUNzifh NyKvkyfNyD; zrf;qD;cJhonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf tm*odik ;f ynm&Siw f pfa,muf Nzpfaomfvnf; ayghayghqq aerdaomaMumifh tidu k rf u
d m
tzrf;cHvdkuf&onf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f u d k v nf ; aq;aiG U Nzif h owd v pf a tmif NyKvk y f z rf ; qD ; &ef MuH & G , f c J h a omf v nf ;
tcsdefr&vdkufaomaMumifh tidkufzrf;Ncif; rNyKEdkifonfhtwGuf tMuHratmifNrifcJhay/
odkYaomf [kdwdwfac\vlrsm;u ravQmhao;bJ wpfenf;wpfvrf; MuHEdkifatmif &SD;xifcsdwfudk aemufa,mifcH
vkdufaecJhMuonf/
xdkokdY aemufa,mifcH vdkufMunfhaecsdefrSmyif usef;atmhu &SD;xifcsdwf\ aiGtdwftvpfokwfoGm;onfudk
awGUvdkuf\/
usef;atmh\taMumif;udk odaeaom [kdwdwfac\ wynfhrsm;u aysmfpH&ma*[mokdY a&mufoGm;um
usef;atmhtm; wdwfwqdwf vkyfMuHowfNzwfcJhMuonf/
rlvu usef;atmh aoqkH;&rINzifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk trIywfap&ef &nf&G,fcsufr&SdcJhay/ &SD;xifcsdwf\
aiGxkyfvrf;paysmufum c&D;p&dwfr&SdawmhbJ 'ku©awGUap&kHom &nf&G,fcJhonf/
odYk aomf rarQmfvifb h J &S;D xifcsdwuf kd trIywfNyD; vlowfw&m;cHb0okYd a&mufomG ;onft h wGuf [kw d wd af cwdYk
vlpkrSm taysmfMuD;aysmfaeMuonf/
[dkwdwfaconf t&ufwpfcGufudk tm;yg;w& aomufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]ighwynfhawG odyfawmfw,f? [kdaumifMuD;udk trdzrf;EdkifwJhtNyif [kdaumifav;udkyg wcgwnf;
'ku©awGUatmif vkyfEdkifw,f? a&mh ... a[m'DrSm ighwynfhawGtwGuf}}
[dkwdwfacu aiGxkyfwpfxkyfudk xkwf,lum wynfhrsm;twGuf qkcsvdkufonf/
wynfhrsm;uvnf; aomif;aomif;NzNzyif atmf[pfum aumif;csD;ay;Muonf/
olwdkYvlpkrSm olwdkYudk,folwdkY t[kwfMuD;xifum taysmfMuD;aysmfaeMuonf/
okdYaomf raumif;rIonf acwåcPom tompD;&aumif;&Edkifaomfvnf; tqkH;wpfaeYwGifawmh
raumif;onfh'Pfudk cH&rnfrvGJay/
trSefw&m;udk Mum&SnfzkH;uG,fxm;í r&Edkifay/
aea&mifNcnf ay:xGef;vmaomtcg tarSmifrsm;onf uif;pifyaysmufoGm;&ouJhodkY trSefw&m;
ay:aygufvmvQif raumif;rIwdkYonf ta&;&IH;edrfhMu&rnf rvGJwnf;/
]][kdaumifav;uawmh olYbmomol oGm;awmhrSmyJ? igwdkYu [kdaumifMuD;udk qkH;rMu&atmifvm;}}
[kdwdwfacu xdkokdYaNymvdkuf&m olYwynfhrsm;u atmf[pfaxmufcHvdkufMuonf/
]]uJ ... 'Dvdkqdk [kdaumifMuD; 0rf;tifarmufudk oGm;ac:xkwfcJhayawmh? igwdkY&JU udpörSm 0if&Iyf&if
b,fvdkcHpm;&r,fqdkwm taMumif;NyMupdkY}}
[kdwdwfacu trdefYay;vkdufonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf 0lwef;*dkPf;om;Nzpfonf/
aNzmif h r wf w nf M unf u m trS e f w &m;buf r S &yf w nf a vh & S d a omaMumif h ol Y ud k o k d i f ; avmuwG i f
orm"d0rf;tifarmuf[k ac:onf/
t&ufaomufwm wpfckyJ tNypfaNymp&m&Sdonf/
okdYaomf 0rf;tifarmufonf t&ufaomufNyD; rl;,pf&rf;um;wwfol r[kwfay/ t&ufaomufav
ydkpdwfaumif;&Sdvmav[laom vlpm;rsKd;Nzpfonf/
189
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tqifhtwef; rcGJNcm;wwf/ &SD;xifcsdwfvdk vli,fav;wpfa,mufukd awGUonfhtcsdef rMumNrifhayr,fh
&if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHcJhol Nzpfonf/
ud k , f w k d i f o k d i f ; ynmxl ; cRef o nf h t Nyif od k i f ; avmuwG i f tod r d w f a qG v nf ; rsm;? 0l w ef ; *d k P f ; \
t&Sdeft0guvnf; &SdaeNyefaomaMumifh olYudk &efNyKol[lí r&Sdoavmufyif/
,ckrl yifvifwGif avSrepfbJ acsmif;i,fwGif wufusKd;qdkouJhokdY ayghayghqqaerdaomMumifh [kdwdwfac\
wynfhrsm;vufxJwGif tusOf;om;b0odkY a&mufae&avNyD/
[kdwdwfac\ wynfhrsm;onf olUudkarhaq;Nzifh arhaNrmatmif NyKvkyfum zrf;qD;cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf
MudK;NzifhwkyfaESmifí tcef;usOf;av;wpfckxJwGif csKyfaESmifxm;cJhonf/
[dkwdwfac\ wynfhwpfa,mufNzpfaom auG;cRefonf MudK;Nzifh tykdiftEdkifwkyfaESmifxm;aom
0rf;tifarmufudk tcef;xJrS qGJxkwfum [dkwdwfacwdkYvlpk aomufpm;aysmfyg;aeonfh ae&mokdY ac:oGm;onf/
]]0rf;tifarmuf a&mufvmygNyD q&mav;? b,fvdk pD&ifcsifovJqdkwmudk trdefY&Sdyg}}
auG;cRefu 0rf;tifarmufudk Murf;Nyifay: ypfcsNyD; aNymonf/
]]ar;ae&ao;vm;uGm? oifhawmfovdk rif;yJMunfhpD&ifvdkufaygh? wpfcgwnf;om toufxGufroGm;apeJY}}
[kdwdwfacu xdkokdYaNymNyD; t&ufwpfcGuf aomufcsvdkufonf/
]]a[m'D rsufvkH;u aygufu&awGNrifNyD; rqdkifwm0if&IyfcsifwmrdkY qkH;r&r,f}}
auG;cRefonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf rD;zkdxJwGif tylay;xm;onfhoHacsmif;udk t0wfNzifhywfum aumuf,lNyD;
0rf;tifarmuftem;odkY avQmufoGm;onf/
oHacsmif;\ xdyfzsm;rSm &J&JeDaeonf/
rvIyfEdkifatmif MudK;rsm;Nzifh wkyfaESmifxm;Ncif; cHae&onfh 0rf;tifarmufcrsm rnfokdYrQ vIyf&Sm;&kef;uefNcif;
rNyKEdkif/ auG;cRefNyKorQ vnfpif;cHae&onf/
auG;cRefonf 0rf;tifarmuf\ rsufvkH;rsm;udk eD&Jaeaom oHcRefpNzifh xdk;vdkufonf/
]]&SJ ...}}
]]&SJ ...}}
tom;rD;avmifaom anSmfeHYrsm; &kwfNcnf;ay:aygufvmonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf atmf[pfnnf;nLNcif; rNyKrdatmif tHMudwfíxm;onf/
yg;pyfrS atmf[pfrnnf;nLaomfvnf; Nyif;xefvSaom a0'em'Pfudk rcHEdkifaomaMumifh owdvpfum
arhaNrmoGm;avawmhonf/
0rf;tifarmuf owdNyef&vmaomtcg rdrd\ rsufpdESpfuGif;rSm ysufpD;oGm;NyD; bmudkrQ rNrifawmhaMumif;
od&avonf/
0rf;tifarmufcrsm rsufuef;b0odkY a&mufcJh&ayNyD/
rsufuef;NzpfoGm;aom 0rf;tifarmufudk [kdwdwfac\ wynfhrsm;u txiftNrifao;oGm; Mu[ef&Sdonf/
MudK;Nzifh wkyfaESmifxm;qJNzpfaomfvnf; MudK;rsm;u odyfwif;usyf ckdifNrJNcif; r&Sdawmhay/ cyfavsmhavsmhom wkyfonf/
0rf;tifarmufrmS pdw"f mwfMuHUckid v f o S nf/ ,ckMuKHawGU&aomtNzpfonf awmf&w Hk ef&Hk vlqv kd Qif pdw"f mwfysuNf ym;oGm;
Edkifavmufonfh udpörsKd;Nzpfonf/ odkYaomf 0rf;tifarmufu xdkokdYr[kwf/ tm;ravQmhay/
rsufpdESpfuGif; tvif;r&awmhaomfvnf; aomwtm&kHudk tokH;csum toHrsm;udk em;axmifNcif;Nzifh
pdwftm&kHxJwGif vIyf&Sm;rIwdkYudk ykHazmfEdkif&ef MudK;yrf;vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
vufNzifh avQmufprf;MunfhaomaMumifh ola&muf&Sdaeonfh ae&monf rlvu olUudkcsKyfaESmifxm;cJhaom
tcef;usOf;av;xJwGif r[kwfawmhbJ ausmufom;Nzifh NyKvkyfxm;onfh tcef;wpfckxJwGif a&mufaeaMumif;
od&onf/
0rf;tifarmufonf aomwtm&kHudk pkpnf;í toHrsm;udk em;axmifMunfh&m tcef;tNyifbufrS
tcsDtcsaNymqdkaeaom pum;oHrsm;udk Mum;&avonf/
]]igwdkY q&mav;udk tefwkcJhwJh &SD;xifcsdwfqdkwJh irdkufom;awmh vlowfrIeJY ao'Pftay;cH&awmhr,fuG?
od&JUvm;}}
190
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]od y gw,f avmuf [ ef & ,f ? 'D a umif u d k u tuk o k d v f 0 if w muG ? [k d i wd M uD ; usef ; atmh u d k
usKyfwdkYaNzmifvkdufwJhqDudkrS qdkufqdkufNrdKufNrdKuf a&mufoGm;w,fav? bmrod nmrodeJY tavmif;udk
oGm;udkifMunfhawmh olYvufrSm aoG;awGayukefNyD; olYtay: trIywfvmwmaygh}}
]]avmif;upm;0dkif;zGifhwJh olaX;avmifqluvJ bmrS0ifraNymbl;aemf}}
]]rif;uvJ vnfrvdkvdkeJY w,ft wmudk;? avmifqlqdkwJhvlu olYtay:trIrywf&if NyD;a&m? wNcm;vlawG
bmNzpfNzpfqdkwJh olpm;rsKd;yJuG? 'grsKd;udpöudk b,f0ifaNymrSmvJ}}
]]q&m[kdudk tefwkwJh vlwpfa,muf olYbmomol &Sif;oGm;wmayghuGm}}
]]'Dvdk vlowfrIeJY MudK;ay;cH&wm olYtwGuf uHaumif;w,fvdkYawmif aNym&r,f}}
]]a[ ... bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}
]]r[kw&f if 'Daumif igwdYk vufxaJ &mufvmNyD; aumif;aumif; tESyd pf ufc&H OD;rSm r[kwv f m;? tESyd pf ufrcH&bJ
at;at;aooGm;&rSmrdkY uHaumif;w,fvdkY aNymwmaygh}}
]]at; ... [kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f}}
þpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg &SD;xifcsdwf tvum;oufouf trIywfum ao'Pfay;cH&awmhrnfh
taMumif;udk 0rf;tifarmuf odvkduf&onf/
]]'DaumifawG awmfawmf twifh&JaeMuwmudk;? 'Davmufawmif &rf;&rf;um;um; vkyfaewmudk [kd,kqef
rodbJ raeEdkifbl;? odvsufeJY Munfhaewm[m olYom;eJY olYom;&JU wynfhawGudk tm;ay;tm;aNrSmuf vkyfaewmeJY
twlwlyJ}}
0rf;tifarmuf\ pdwfxJwGif [kd,kqeftay:vnf; emMunf;rkef;wD;pdwfrsm; ay:aygufvmonf/
olonf pdwfxm;aumif;rGefol Nzpfonf/ taygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm;udk cifonf/ ,cktMudrfonf
ol Y w pf o uf w mwG i f yxrqk H ; tMud r f taygif ; toif ; rd w f a qG wpf a ,muf t ay: emMunf ; rk e f ; wD ; pd w f
ay:vmNcif;Nzpfonf/
xdkokdY Nzpfay:vmrIuyif 0rf;tifarmuf\ pdwf"mwftaNctaeudk wpfrsKd;wpfzkH aNymif;vGJoGm;&ef
taMumif;zefaeovdk NzpfoGm;onf/
0rf;tifarmufonf rsufpdpkHvkH; uef;aeaomfvnf; twGif;tm;ESifh okdif;ynmrsm;rSmrl rnfokdYrQ
xdckdufysufpD;Ncif;r&Sd/
taumif;yuwd taNctaetwdkif; &Sdaeao;onf/
tawGUtMuKH &ifhusufaeaom 0rf;tifarmufonf xdkae&mrS vGwfaNrmufxGufaNy; Edkifrnfhvrf;pudk
em;pGifhaeonf/
olUudk wkyfaESmifxm;onfh MudK;rsm;rSm cyfavsmhavsmh NzpfaeonfrdkY MudK;pm;&kef;uefvQif taESmiftzGJYrS
vGwfxGufEdkifonf/ 0rf;tifarmufonf þae&m þtcef;rS tNrefqkH;xGufcGmoGm;vdkonfh qE´ Nyif;Nyaeonf/
olonf rsufpdrNrif/ onfae&mudkvnf; wpfMudrfwpfcgrQ a&mufzl;Ncif;r&Sd/ rsufpduef;aeolwpfa,muftzdkY
olwpfMudrfwpfcgrQ ra&mufzl;aomae&mwGif vrf;Nyay;rnfholr&SdbJ avQmufoGm;í r&Edkifay/
a&mufzl;oGm;zl;aom ae&mqdkvQif ae&mtaetxm;udk pdwfrSwfNzifh rSwfxm;um rSef;qNyD; oGm;Edkifonf/
]][kdaumifawGu ighudkvmNyD; ppfMunfhOD;rSmyJ? tJ'DtcgusrS vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufNyD; vGwfvrf;&Sm&r,f}}
0rf ; tif a rmuf o nf xd k o d k Y pd w f u l ; NyD ; aemuf wk y f a ES m if x m;aomMud K ;rsm;\ taES m if t zG J U rS
MudK;pm;&kef;uefMunfh&m tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif;rSmyif taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfoGm;avonf/
olYudk vma&mufppfaq;Murnfh vlrsm;udk pdwf&Snf&SnfESifh apmifhae&kHom &Sdawmh\/
tcef;tNyifbufqDrS pum;aNymoHrsm;udk qufMum;ae&onf/ xdkvlESpfa,mufonf olwdkYNyKvkyfcJhaom
raumif;rIrsm;? &rf;um;rIrsm; taMumif;udk Nrdefa&&Sufa& pm;NrKHUNyef aNymqdkaeMu\/ 0rf;tifarmufrSm xdkolwdkY\
aNympum;tm;vkH;udk Mum;ae&oNzifh ydkírkef;wD; &GH&Smrdonf/
tcsed tf wefMumoGm;onf/ avQmufvrS ;f vmaom aNcoHrsm;ay:vmNyD; [kw d w
d af c\ toHrsm;udk Mum;&onf/
]][kdaumifMuD; taNctae b,fvdkvJa[h}}
]]tckxufxd owdr&ao;bl; q&mav;? tcef;xJrSm acGacGav;yJ &Sdaeao;w,f}}
191
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
avmuf[efqdkol\ NyefaNzoH ay:vmonf/
]]igukd,fwkdif ppfaq;Munfhcsifw,f? wHcg;zGifhprf;? NyD;awmh rD;tdrfyg,lcJh}}
[kdwdwfac\ pum;aMumifh rdrda&mufaeonfh tcef;xJwGif tvif;a&mifr&SdbJ arSmifaeaMumif;udk
0rf;tifarmufod&onf/
tvif;a&miftm;enf;vQif rdrdtwGuf wyef;omEdkifonfrdkY tcGifhaumif;ay:vmonfESifh vIyf&Sm;Edkif&ef
toifhNyifqifvsuf apmifhqdkif;aeonf/
]]*avmuf}}
aomhzGifhoHudk t&ifMum;&onf/
]]uRd ...}}
wHcg;yGifhoGm;oHu qufay:vmonf/
aemufawmh tcef;xJokdY avQmufvSrf;0ifvmaom aNcoHrsm;/
0rf;tifarmufonf aNcoHrsm;udk aoaocsmcsm em;axmifaeonf/ Mum;&onfh aNcoHrsm;t& tcef;xJokdY
avQmufvSrf;0ifvmolrSm ig;a,mufNzpfonf/
okH;a,mufonf tcef;xJodkY avQmuf0ifvmNyD;aemuf wHcg;0em;wGif &yfusefaecJhonf/ ESpfa,mufomvQif
rdrd&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;vmaeonfudk odvdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf owdvpfaeqJtoGifrsKd; ta,mifaqmifum NidrfoufpGm vJavsmif;aeonf/
]]'DaumifMuD; rsufvkH;uef;aewmawmh aocsmygw,f? cHEdkif&nfuvJ enf;vdkufwm? ckxufxdawmif
owdr&ao;bl;}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif 0rf;tifarmufonf vTm;ceJ ckefxvmum [kdwdwfacudk csKyfzrf;vdkufonf/
zcif\ tvdkvdkufxm;rIaMumifh [kdwdwfaconf taysmftyg;omrsm;NyD; odkif;ynmavhusifhrIwGif
tm;enf;aecJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh ta&;MuKHvmonfhtcgwGif oufvkHraumif;Edkifawmh/
rnfodkYrQ ckcHa&Smifwdrf;Ncif; rNyKEdkifbJ 0rf;tifarmuf\vufxJwGif csKyfzrf;cH&&kHomru vnfyif;wGif
MudK;Nzifh&pfywfNcif;udkyg cHvdkuf&onf/
[kdwdwfaconf tvefYwMum;yif &kef;uefao;onf/ b,fvdkrS &kef;uefí r&cJhay/
twlygvmonfh wynfhrsm;rSmvnf; rarQmfvifhaom Nzpf&yfaMumifh bmvkyf&rSef;rodawmh/
]]rif;&JU aemufvdkufacG;awGudk vufeufcscdkif;vdkufprf;}}
0rf;tifarmufu avoHrmrmESifh aNymonf/
aNym&if;uvnf; [dkwdwfac\ vnfyif;wGif &pfywfxm;aomMudK;ukd cyfwif;wif; qGJvdkufonf/
[dkwdwfacrSm wpfukd,fvkH; wkef&ifum aZmacR;awG Nyefvmonf/
]]tr,fav;av; Nznf;Nznf;vkyfyg OD;av;0rf;&,f}}
[kdwdwfacu atmf[pfawmif;yefonf/
þtoHudk Mum;&aomtcg 0rf;tifarmufrSm axmif;ceJ a'goxGufoGm;onf/
]]wdwfprf; ... rif;vdk vl&rf;um;wpfa,mufu ighudk OD;av;0rf;vdkY rac:eJY ig&Sufw,f}}
MudK;udkykdí wif;usyfvdkuf&m [kdwdwfacrSm vnfyif;tpfoGm;\/ yg;pyfrSwtpftpf toHrsm;om
xGufvmonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf MudK;ukdtenf;i,f aNzavQmhay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]rif;aumifawGudk vufeuftcs rckdif;ao;bl;vm;? igpdwfr&Snfawmhbl;aemf? rif;rsufvkH;udk azmufypfNyD;
aNcawGvufawG &dkufcsKd;ypfvdkuf&rvm;}}
0rf;tifarmuf\ Ncdrf;aNcmufpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg [kdwdwfacrSm ausm&kd;wpfavQmuf pdrfhat;oGm;atmif
xdwfvefYoGm;onf/
]][dwfaumifawG Mum;w,fr[kwfvm;? rif;wdkYvufeufcsvdkufMuavuGm? 'DrSmvnfyif;tpfvkdY
ao&awmhr,f}}
[kdwdwfacu olYvlrsm;udk vSrf;atmftrdefYay;vdkufonf/
192
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]NcGrf; ...}}
]]NcGrf; ... NcGrf ...}}
]]'vH ...}}
vufeufypfcsoHrsm; ay:vmonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf vufeufypfcsoHESifh &Sdaeonfh vlOD;a&udk csifhcsdefum wGufqMunfhonf/
]]olwdkYudk tNyifxGufNyD; a&Smifaecdkif;vdkuf}}
[kdwdwfacvnf; wkHYqkdif;rae0HhbJ 0rf;tifarmuf aNymonfhtwkdif; trdefYay;vdkuf\/ [kdwdwfac\vlrsm;
tcef;tNyifokdY xGufoGm;Muonf/
xdktcgusrS 0rf;tifarmufu [kdwdwfacudk ppfar;avawmhonf/
]]cg;ydkufEIdufusef;atmhudk avmifql&JU avmif;upm;0dkif;rSm "m;eJYxdk;owfcJhwm b,folvJ}}
0rf ; tif a rmuf u wd w d u susxk w f a zmf ar;Nref ; vd k u f o nf h t wG u f [k d w d w f a cvef Y oG m ;onf /
wtHhwMoavoHNzifh ...
]]'DtaMumif;udk b,fvdkvkyfodwmvJ cifAsm}}
]]b,fvdkyJ odod? rif; tylr[kwfbl;? igar;wmudkom aNzprf;}}
]]tJ'Dudpöu uRefawmfeJY bmrSrqdkifygbl;cifAsm}}
0rf;tifarmuf pdwfr&Snfawmh/ MudK;udk cyfwif;wif; qGJvkduf&kHomru [kdwdwfac\yg;udkvnf;
b,fNyefnmNyef &dkufypfvkdufonf/
[dkwdwfacrSm qefYiifqefYiifNzpfum a0'em'Pfudk aovkrwwfcHvkduf&onf/
av;ig;q,f c suf &d k u f E S u f N yD ; rS 0rf ; tif a rmuf u cyf w if ; wif ; qG J x m;aom Mud K ;ud k
tenf;i,favQmhay;vdkufonf/
[dkwdwfaconf toufudk tirf;r&&SL&if; ...
]]trav;av; ... aNymygawmhr,fcifAs? aNymygawmhr,f? toufudkawmh csrf;omay;yg}}
]]uJ ... aNymprf;}}
[kdwdwfaconf xdrfcsefrxm;0HhbJ tukeftpif xkwfazmfaNymNy&avawmhonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf [kdwdwfacudk "m;pmcHvkyfum tNyifokdYt&xGufvmcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf [kdwdwfacudk
NyefrvTwfao;bJ yDuif;NrdKU0efxHokdY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
[dkwdwfaccrsm bmrQrwwfombJ NrdKU0efa&SUarSmufwGif usef;atmhaoqkH;&rIESifh ywfoufonfh
tNzpfrSefrsm;udk xkwfazmftppfcH&av\/
]]rif; tck tppfcHoGm;wmawG[m tm;vkH;trSefcsnf;yJaemf}}
[dkwdwfac\ tppfcHcsufrsm;udk em;axmifrSwfom;NyD;aemuf NrdKU0efrif;u aocsmatmif xyfar;onf/
]]aocsmygw,fcifAsm? trSeftwdkif;ygyJ? usef;atmhudk auG;cRefu owfcJhwmyg? rqdkifwJhvludk trIywfNyD;
'ku©a&mufrSmpdk;vdkY uRefawmfu trSeftwdkif; vmaNymwmyg}}
rwwfomonfh taNctaeaMumihfom tNzpftrSeftwdkif; xkwfazmfaNym&aomfvnf; [kdwdwfaconf
0rf;tifarmufwdkYtay: tcJraMuay/
xdkYaMumifh wzufvSnhfNzifh raumif;MuHEdkif&eftwGuf þpum;rsm;udk wrifyif aNymqdkcJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
0rf;tifarmufurl aumufuspfaom [dkwdwfac\ tMuHudk r&dyfrdcJhay/
NrdKU0efrif;onf w&m;cHtppfNzpfaom auG;cRefudk zrf;qD;&ef trdefYay;vdkufonf/
auG;cRefudk zrf;qD;vmNyD;aemuf ppfar;\/ [kdwdwfac\ xkwfazmftppfcHcsufuvnf; &SdaeonfhtwGuf
auG;cRefrSm rNiif;ombJ usef;atmhudk owfrdaMumif; aNzmifhcsufay;vkduf&avawmhonf/
þwGif NrdKU0efrif;uvnf; tNypfr&Sdaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk csufcsif;yif NyefvTwfay;vkdufonf/
[kdwdwfac\ vkyf&yfrsm;udk [kd,kqefxHwGif wdkifMum;aNymqdkEdkif&eftwGuf 0rf;tifarmufonf
&SD;xifcsdwfESifhtwl [kdwdwfacudk ac:aqmifum [kd,kqefaexdkif&m tdrfa*[mokdY vmcJhonf/

193
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tdrfa*[mwGif [kd,kqefr&Sday/
ta&;MuD;aom udpöwpfcktwGuf c&D;xGufaeaMumif; odMu&onf/
[dkwdwfac\ rdkuf&dkif;&rf;um;aom tNyKtrlrsm;twGuf 0rf;tifarmufonf tawmfyif rcHr&yfEdkifatmif
Nzpfaeonf/
[kdwdwfacudk xdkufoifhovdk qkH;rEdkif&eftwGuf [kd,kqeftm; wdkifMum;tyfESH&ef vmcJh&mwGif tdrfa*[mü
[kd,kqefr&SdaMumif; od&Sd&aomtcg cHNyif;pdwf? a'gopdwfrsm;udk qufvufrcsKyfwnf;xm;Edkifawmhay/
xdkYaMumifh [kdwdwfacudkom uefausmuf&dkufESufavawmhonf/
zcift&Sed t f 0gudk tm;ud;k í trsKd;rsKd; a[mh&rf;cJah om [kw d w
d af crSm ,ckawmh aumif;aumif;MuD; cHae&avNyD/
0rf;tifarmufuvnf; a'goNzpfNzpfESifh tm;&yg;& uefausmuf&dkufESufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tpydkif;wGif vufydkufMunfhaeaomfvnf; 0rf;tifarmuf\ uefausmuf&dkufESufrIaMumifh
[dkwdwfac r&IrvScHae&onfudk awGU&aomtcg oem;pdwf0ifvmNyD; 0ifa&mufawmif;yef aNymqdk&avawmhonf/
]]awmfygawmh OD;OD;&,f? olUudkMunfh&wm tawmfudk txdemaeygNyD? awmfMum vufvGefaNcvGefawG
Nzpfukef&if raumif;ygbl;}}
0rf;tifarmufonf olwyg;tay: vufvGefaNcvGef NyKwwfolwpfa,muf r[kwfay/ ,ckvnf;
[d k w d w f a c\ w&m;vG e f a[mh & rf ; rI r sm;ud k cH N yif ; aomaMumif h a'gotd k ; ayguf u G J N yD ; &d k u f E S u f
uefausmufaeNcif;Nzpfonf/ &SD;xifcsdwf 0if[efYwm;vdkufonfESifh &dkufESufuefausmufaerIudk &yfwefYvdkufonf/
]]awmuf ... 'Daumifvkd qefukefaNrav; wpfa,mufudk owfypfzdkYawmif aumif;w,f? xGD ... olUtaz
NyefvmrS taMumif;pkH aNymNy&OD;r,f? vm ... oGm;MupdkY}}
0rf;tifarmufonf a'gowMuD; a&&GwfaNymqdkNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfESifhtwl [kd,kqef\ tdrfa*[mrS
xGufcGmvmcJhonf/
0rf;tifarmufwYdk xGucf mG oGm;onft h cgwGirf S [kw d w
d af c\vufyg;ap wynfrh sm;onf olwYkd \q&mav;udk
vma&mufaz;rqGJxlay;Muonf/
a'gowMuD;Nzifh &du k Ef u
S u
f efausmufco hJ nfh 0rf;tifarmuf\vufcsufrsm;u Nyif;xefvaS y&m [kw d wd af crSm
tawmfyif txdemonf/
orm;awmfrsm;ESifh csufcsif;ukoonfhwdkif taMumaoum udk,fcE¨matmufykdif; rvIyf&Sm;Edkifawmhay/
c&D;xGuf&mrS Nyefvmaom [kd,kqefrSm atmufykdif;aoum ukwifay:wGifvJaeaom [kdwdwfacudk
Nrifvdkuf&onfhtcg &if0udkqD;í aqmifhuefcH&ovdk NzpfoGm;onf/
]][if ... wdwfac? 'gu b,fvkdNzpfwmvJ}}
[kd,kqefu a'gowMuD;yif ar;vdkufonf/
]]OD;OD;0rf;tifarmuf ESdyfpufoGm;wmyg azaz}}
[kdwdwfacu rsufESmi,fav;ESifh NyefaNzonf/
[kd,kqef awGa0oGm;onf/ orm"d 0rf;tifarmufonf i,f&G,folwpfa,mufudk vufvGefaNcvGef
usL;vGef&dkufESufum [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;[k oHo,NzpfoGm;ykH&onf/
zcif\ Za0Z0gNzpfaeykHudk [kdwdwfac tuif;yg;pGm od&Sdonf/
]]aysmfpH&ma*[m avmif;upm;0dkif;rSm cg;ydkufEIdufusef;atmh "m;xdk;cH&NyD; aoqkH;oGm;ygw,f? tJ'DudpöeJY
ywfoufNyD; OD;OD;0rf;tifarmuf&JU rdwfaqGav; &SD;xifcsdwfudk zrf;qD;xm;cJhMu ygw,f? usef;atmhudk "m;eJYxkd;wmu
&SD;xifcsdwf r[kwfygbl;? auG;cRef xdk;owfcJhwmyg? 'Dudprö Sm auG;cRef&JU vufcsufNzpfaMumif; odwmeJY uRefawmfvJ
NrdKU0efrif;udkoGm;NyD; tNzpfrSef aNymNycJhygw,f? 'gaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwf tcsKyfxJu vGwfvmcJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh
OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufu uRefawmfhtay: b,fvdkNrifoGm;w,f rodygbl;? tdrftxd vdkufvmNyD; uRefawmfhudk
uefausmuf&dkufESufoGm;wm azazNrifwJh twdkif;ygyJ}}
taumufÚmPfrsm;vSaom [kdwdwfaconf vkyfZmwfuif;um vdrfvnfaNymqdk avawmhonf/
[kdwdwfac\ wynfhrsm;uvnf; q&mNzpfolenf;wlyif aumufuspfolrsm; NzpfMuonfhtwdkif;
wpfa,mufwpfrsKd; 0kdif;0ef;axmufcH aNymqdkMuonf/
194
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][kwfygw,f cifAs [kwfygw,f? usef;atmh aoqkH;&wm[m auG;cRef&JU vufcsufNzpfwmudk tcif;NzpfNyD;
wpf&ufavmufMumrSm uRefawmfwdkY od&wmyg? odw,fqdkwmeJY q&mav;u NrdKU0efMuD;udk csufcsif;yJ
oGm;taMumif;Mum;ygw,f]]
wpfa,mufuvnf; ...
]]q&mMuD; r,kH&if NrdKU0efMud;udk udk,fwdkifoGm;ar;Edkifygw,fcifAsm}}
tNcm;wpfa,mufu Mum;0ifum ...
]]uRefawmfwdkY q&mav; oufoufrJh tEdkifusifhcHvdkuf&wmyg}}
]]tdrfa*[mxJ txd0ifNyD; &dkufESufuefausmuf oGm;wmodyfudk vGefvGef;ygw,f}}
]]wu,fvdkY uRefawmfwdkY q&mav;u olrauseyfwmudk vkyfrdxm;w,fxm;OD;? 'Davmuftxdawmh
Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf; rvkyfoifhygbl;}}
[k d , k q ef o nf pd w f x m;aNzmif h r wf a om od k i f ; orm;aumif ; wpf a ,muf Nzpf o nf / ok d Y aomf
wpfOD;wnf;aomom; [kdwdwfacudkawmh tvGefcspfonf/
[kdwdwfac r&IrvS cHpm;aeonfudk rsufNrifawGUNrif&NyD; [kdwdwfacwdkYvlpk 0kdif;0ef;aNymMum;onfh
vkyfMuHpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg 0rf;tifarmuftay:wGif wpfrsKd;Nrifum a'gopdwfrsm; Nzpfay:vmcJhonf/
olonf aNzmifhrwfaom odkif;orm;aumif;wpfa,muf Nzpfonfhtwdkif; pnf;rJhurf;rJhawmh rvkyfay/
NrdKU0efrif;xH oGm;a&mufum tusKd;taMumif; ar;Nref;pkHprf;Munfhonf/
NrdKU0efuvnf; olod&SdorQ Nzpfaom usef;atmh towfcH&rIESifh ywfoufí &SD;xifcsdwftm; zrf;qD;cJhykH?
[k d w d w f a c a&muf v mNyD ; tNzpf r S e f u d k aNymNyonf h t wG u f &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k Nyef v T w f a y;NyD ; auG ; cRef u d k
ta&;,lzrf;qD;cJhykHrsm;udk aNymNyvkdufonf/
þtcgwGif pdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfoavmuf &dk;om;vSol [kd,kqefonf [kdwdwfac aNymonfrsm;udk
,kHMunfvufcHoGm;um 0rf;tifarmuftay: tMuD;tus,f cHNyif;a'go Nzpfrdonf/
[kd,kqefonf [kdwdwfacudk aumif;pGmNyKpk apmifha&Smuf&ef aNymqdkrSmMum;cJhNyD; e*g;NzLydkifusifvkHxHokdY
xGufcGmoGm;avawmhonf/
rdrdwdkY\vkyfMuHrI atmifNrifoGm;onfhtwGuf [kdwdwfacESifh taygif;tazmf wynfhi,fom;rsm;onf
auseyftm;&aeMuavawmhonf/
yd k i f u sif v k H o nf [k d , k q ef u d k aNzmif h r wf w nf M unf N yD ; pd w f x m;aumif ; rG e f o l wpf a ,muf t Nzpf
,kHMunfudk;pm;xm;onf/
wpfO;D wnf;aomorD; ydik pf u k siu f kd vQKUd 0Sux
f m;&onft h wGuf wynfMh uD; [k, d q
k efuo kd m om;wpfa,mufvkd
tm;udk;tm;xm; NyKae&onf/
[kdwdwfacwdkYESifh ywfoufí [kd,kqefu emMunf;cHNyif;pGm vma&mufaNymqdkaomtcg ydkifusifvkHonf
[kd,kqef\pum;rsm;udk tMuGif;rJhvufcH ,kHMunfonf/ 0rf;tifarmuftay:wGifomru 0lwef;*dkPf;tay:wGifyg
a'goxGufvmcJhonf/
]]awmuf ... oif;u 0lwef;*dkPf;om;qdkNyD; 'Dvdk w&m;vufvGwf &rf;um;vdkY b,fNzpfrSmvJ? igwdkY&JU
e*g;NzLa*[muvJ ukd,fh[efudk,fh[dwfeJY aecJhwmyJ}}
ydkifusifvkHonf [kdwdwfacudpu ö dk 0lwef;*dkPf;u rdrdwdkY e*g;NzLa*[mudk apmfum;&efpNcif;tNzpf rSwf,lum
a'gowMuD; aNymqdkonf/
]][kwfygw,fcifAs? 'gaMumifhvJ uRefawmfudk,fwdkif q&mhudkvmaNym&wmyg}}
om;twGuf &wufrat;Edkifaom [kd,kqefu aNymvdkufonf/
]]igwdkY e*g;NzLa*[mudk apmfum;wdkufckduf vmwmawG[m renf;awmhbl;? tcGifhtcg roifhao;vdkYom
tomaecJh&w,f? tckawmh igwdkYNyifqifxm;wJh wdkufckdufa&; odkif;orm;tkyfpkokH;pkvJ toifhNzpfaeNyD?
vIyf&Sm;wdkufyGJ0ifzdkY taumif;qkH; tcsdefyJ? 'gaMumifh 0lwef;*dkPf;udk yxrypfrSwftNzpf igwdkY wdkufckdufr,f?
e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awG&JU tpGrf;udk odkif;avmuwpfckvkH; vIyfcgoGm;&atmif Nyvdkufr,f? rif;eJYigeJY tckyJ
pkusm;uGrf;&Gmudk oGm;Muwmaygh}}
195
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ydkifusifvkHu aNymvdkufonf/
olYrsufvkH;rsm;onf at;pufrmausmaeonf/
rsufESmtrlt&muvnf; wif;rmaeonf/
ydkifpkusifonf e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef;txd cHcJh&aom cifyGef;onf&SD;[kef touf&SifEdkifa&;twGuf
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfxJodkY 0ifa&mufum 0dnmOfcsKyftqdyfaNzaq;udk ckdk;cJhonf/
xdktcsdefwGifyif wpfpkHwpfa,mufu a&Smifvifausmif;awmf Nrwfynmcef;aqmifxJwGif vkHNcKHpGm
odrf;qnf;xm;aom vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk ckd;,loGm;cJhonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu vQKdU0Sufypönf;ESifh 0dnmOfcsKyf tqdyfaNz toufu,faq;wdkYudk ydkifpkusifomvQif
ckd;,loGm;onf[k pGyfpGJcJh&mrS a&Smifvifausmif;awmfESifh e*g;NzLa*[mwdkYtMum; tNiif;yGm;um Nyóem NzpfcJhonf/
u0draemokdif;ynmtEG,f0if tNcm;aome*g;odkif;tzGJUrsm;uvnf; e*g;NzLa*[mudk aoG;wdk;prf;um wdkufcdkufrIrsm;
NyKcJhMuonf/
xkdYNyif rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifESifh ywfoufí vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;vnf; odkif;avmuwGif ay:aygufvmcJhNyefonf/
þtaNctaersm;udk axmuf&Ium odkif;avmuwGif MuD;rm;aom ta&;tcif;rsm; ay:aygufvmvQif
tqifoifh&Sdap&eftwGuf ydkifusifvkHESifh [kd,kqefwdkYonf e*g;NzLa*[mrS vufa&G;pifokdif;orm; ckepfq,fhESpfOD;udk
a&G;cs,fum pkusm;uGrf;&GmwGif vQKdU0SufpGm aexdkifapcJhonf/
pkusm;uGrf;&Gm tNyifbuf&Sd xif&SL;awmMuD;xJwGif vQKdU0SufpGm okdif;ynmavhusifhrIrsm; NyKvkyfxm;cJhonf/
pkusm;uGrf;&Gmonf yDuif;NrdKUawmfrS rdkifwpf&mcefYuGma0;onf/
okdif;avhusifhrIudk ydkifusifvkHudk,fwdkif acgif;aqmifonf/ ydkifusifvkHonf e*g;NzLa*[mwGif taeenf;um
pkusm;uGrf;&GmwGifom taersm;cJhonf/ odkYaMumifhvnf; ydkifpkusifxHokdY wpfESpfaerS wpfMudrfESpfMudrfavmufom
oGm;a&mufawGUqkHEdkifcJhonf/
[kd,kqefurl e*g;NzLa*[mESifh pkusm;uGrf;&Gmudk acgufwkHYacgufNyefoGm;vm ul;oef;ae\/ vdktyforQ
ta&;udpörsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;cJh&onf/
[kdwdwfacwpfa,muf a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; NzpfaeNcif;rSm zcif[kd,kqef c&D;rMumcP xGufae&oNzifh
qkH;roGefoif&ef tcsdefr&onfuwpfaMumif; yg0ifayonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufa&G;pifodkif;orm; ckepfq,fhESpfOD;udk tzGJYav;zGJUcGJum 0HykavGNzLtzGJU? usm;NzLtzGJU?
aNrGNzLtzGUJ ESihf usm;opfNzLtzGUJ [lítrnf toD;oD;ay;xm;onf/ tzGUJ wpfzUJG vQif okid ;f orm;q,f&h pS Of ;D pD yg0ifonf/
xdktzGJUav;zGJUwGif yg0ifaom e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufa&G;pifodkif;orm;; ckepfq,fhESpfOD;onf toufq,fh&SpfESpf
0ef;usift&G,frsm;om NzpfMuNyD; t&yftarmif; udk,fvkH;udk,fxnfuvnf; wlnDMuonf/
tzGJUvdkuf pkaygif;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk ESpfv&SnfMumpGm yl;aygif;avhusifhaecJhMuonfNzpf&m wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
t0iftxGuf? tqkwftwuf tvGefyif bufnDMuonf/
vufa&G;pOf odkif;orm; ckepfq,fhESpfa,mufwdkYudk avhusifhay;aeaMumif; ydkifusifvkHESifh [kd,kqefwdkYu
txl;yif vQKdU0Sufxm;cJhonf/ aMumifvufonf;0Sufovdk odk0Sufxm;Muonf/
,ckrl 0Sufxm;aom vufonf;udk xkwfMuayawmhrnf/

196
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (22)
vif;MuufwGefcsdef Nzpfonf/
ta&SUbuf rdk;aumif;uifwGif eDapG;aom a&mifNcnfrsm; pwifay:xGef;vmonf/
a&mifeDu NrLaiGUudk r&Jw&Jav; xdk;azmufae\/
0lwef;awmifay:wGif NrLcdk;rsm; tkyfqdkif;aeonf/
rIefysys tkyfqdkif;aeaom NrLcdk;rsm;u rMumrD ay:aygufvmawmhrnfh MuD;rm;Nyif;xefonfh wdkufyGJMuD;udk
r&I&Jovdkvdk rMunhf0Hhovdkvdk &SdaeMuonf/
0lwef;awmifMuD;uawmh £aNE´MuD;pGm wnfNidrfvsuf&Sdonf/
ay:aygufvmawmhrnfh tEÅ&m,fudk rodawmhoa,mif/
e*g;NzLa*[m vuf a &G ; pif od k i f ; orm;rsm;\ a&S U aNy;tzG J U Nzpf a om 0H y k a vG N zLtzG J U od k i f ; orm;
vli,fq,fh&Spfa,mufwdkYonf 0lwef;awmifay:odkY oGufvufNrefqefpGm wufvmMuonf/
vIyf&Sm;rIawGu Nrefonf/ wufvSrf;vmykHuvnf; pkaygif;odkif;uGuf ykHpHrsKd;Nzpfonf/ tqkwftwuf
nDonf/
0Hyak vGNzLtzGUJ \ aemufwiG f usm;NzLtzGUJ ? aNrGNzLtzGUJ ESihf usm;opfNzLtzGUJ wdYk tpOfvu kd f vdu
k yf gvmMuonf/
[kd,kqefESifh ydkifusifvkHwdkYESpfa,mufu usm;NzLtzGJUESifh aNrGNzLtzGJUtMum;wGif yg&Sdvmonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;onf 0lwef;awmifay:wGif wnf&Sdonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;okdY oGm;&mawmifay:vrf;wGif 0lwef;odkif;orm;rsm; uif;apmifhvsuf &SdaeMuonf/
a&SUaNy;tNzpf wufoGm;aom 0HykavGNzLtzGJU0if odkif;orm;vli,frsm;onf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ uif;orm;rsm;udk
yd&daooyfpGm &Sif;vif;acsrIef;Muonf/
tvpftidu k zf rf;um vsifNrefou G v
f ufpmG vIy&f mS ;wduk cf udk Mf uonfh 0Hyak vGNzL tzGUJ om;wdYk \ wduk cf u
dk rf rI sm;
atmifNrifonf/
awmifay:wuf&m vrf;wavQmuf apmifhMuyfaeMuonfh 0lwef;*dkPf;0if okdif;orm;rsm;tm;vkH;yif
tacsrIef;cHvdkufMu&onf/
197
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzLa*[m\ wdkufppf yxrtqifh atmifNrifNyD[k qdk&onf/
0lwef;awmifay:odkY wuf&mvrf;aMumif; &Sif;oGm;avNyD/
a&SUqk;H rS wufvmaom 0Hyak vGNzLtzGUJ 0if odik ;f orm;rsm;onf 0lwef;awmifxyd Ef iS hf eD;onfxuf eD;vmonf/
rMumrDrSmyif taqmufttkH wpfck&Sd&modkY a&mufvmMuonf/
xdktaqmufttkHudk qdwfNidrfcef;aqmif[k ac:onf/
0lwef;*dkPf;\ ta&;ygaom ae&mwpfckvnf; Nzpfonf/
qdwfNidrfcef;aqmifwGif tapmifhodkif;orm; av;a,mufapmifhMuyfaeonf/
ta&;ygaom ae&mNzpfonft h wGuf apmifMh uyfaeolrsm;rSmvnf; 0lwef;*dP k ;f \ tqifNh rifh odik ;f orm;MuD;rsm;
NzpfMuonf/
awmifay:wufonfhvrf;wGif apmifhaecJhMuonfh odkif;orm;rsm;xuf odkif;ynmtqifhtwef; rsm;pGm
omvGefNrifhrm;onf/
xdkYaMumifh 0HykavGNzLtzGJU0if okdif;orm;vli,frsm;onf csufcsif;vIyf&Sm;wkdufckdufNcif; rNyKMuao;bJ
tomudk,fa&mifazsmuf ykef;atmif;um taNctaeudk tuJcwfMunfh&IMuonf/
qdwfNidrfcef;aqmifudk apmifhMuyfaeMuonfh 0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD;av;a,mufonf atat;aq;aq;
taNctaewGif &SdaeMuonf/ awmifay:wuf&m vrf;wpfavQmuf&Sd tapmifhodkif;orm;rsm; tacsrIef;cH&NyD;
e*g;NzLa*[m\ a&SUaNy;odkif;orm;rsm; rdrdwdkYteD;odkY a&muf&SdaeMuonfudk odMu[efrwlao;/
wdkufyGJwpfckwGif tvpftidkuf zrf;Edkifa&;onf ta&;MuD;vSonf/
ayghayghqqESifh at;at;aq;aq; aerdvQif tacsrIef;cH&zkdY tcGifhtvrf; rsm;onf/
0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD; av;a,muf at;at;aq;aq;ESifh cyfayghaygh &SdaeMuonfudk awGU&aomtcg
0HykavGNzLtzGJU acgif;aqmifu rdrdvlrsm;udk vIyf&Sm;wdkufckduf&ef tcsufay;vdkufonf/
0HykavGNzLtzGJUom;rsm;onf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;MuD; av;a,mufudk teD;uyfwdkufcdkufNcif;
rNyKMu/
arSmif&dyfckd udk,fa&mifazsmufum ykef;atmif;aeMuonfh ae&mrsm;rSaeí e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef;rsm;Nzifh
vSrf;íypfcwf wdkufcdkufMuonf/
]]0D0D0D ... 0D0D ... 0D0D}}
e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;rsm;onf Nyif;xefaom t&Sdeft[kefNzifh avudkcGif;um 0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;
&Sd&modkY wef;0ifoGm;Muonf/
0l w ef ; *d k P f ; \ tqif h N rif h o d k i f ; orm;MuD ; rsm;onf at;at;aq;aq;Nzif h aeaeMuaomf v nf ;
ta&;MuKHvmaomtcgwGif wkHYNyefvIyf&Sm;rIu oGufvufonf/
"m;&SnMf uD;rsm;udk qGx J w
k u
f m rdrw d Ykd xH wef;0ifvmonfh e*g;tpG,f vufeufyek ;f rsm;udk &duk x f wk yf pfonf/
]]xef; ... xef; ... xef;}}
]]'vH ... 'vH}}
e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; rsm;onf "m;&S n f M uD ; rsm;\ &d k u f x k w f y pf r I a Mumif h ab;buf o k d Y
vGifhpOfxGufukefonf/
0H y k a vG N zLtzG J U om;rsm;uvnf ; aemuf x yf e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; rsm;Nzif h xyf r H y pf c wf
wdkufckdufMuNyefonf/
'kwd,wacguf ypfcwfwdkufcdkuf&mwGif wpfMudrfwnf;r[kwfbJ okH;Mudrf;okH;cgwdkifwkdif e*g;tpG,f
vufeufykef;rsm;udk r&yfrem; w&pyf ypfcwfMuonf/
okH;MudrfokH;cg ypfcwfMuonf qdkaomfvnf; ypfcwfykHrsm;u NrefqefvSonf/ wpfMudrfwnf;Nzifh
taNrmuftNrm; ypfcwfonfhtvm; e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;rsm;onf 0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD; av;a,mufxHokdY
NyefYusJ0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD; av;a,mufu "m;&Snfrsm;udk cyfoGufoGuf a0SY,rf;um vufeufykef;rsm;tm;
&dkufxkwfz,f&Sm; ypfMuao;onf/
198
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vufeufykef;ta&twGufu rsm;Nym;onf/ NyD;awmh vrf;aMumif;trsKd;rsKd;rS cGJNzefYum0ifa&muf
vmMuNcif;vnf; Nzpfonf/
0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD;rsm;taeNzifh 0HykavGNzLtzGJUom;rsm; ypfvTwfvdkufonfh vufeufykef;tm;vkH;udk
&dkufxkwfz,f&Sm;ypfNcif; rNyKEdkif/
av;ykHokH;ykHcefYudkom &dkufxkwfz,f&Sm;ypfEdkifonf/
usefvufeufykef;rsm;u 0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD;av;a,mufudk xdrdonf/
vufeufykef;txdcH&aom 0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD;av;a,mufonf twkH;t&kH;yif vJusukefMuonf/
0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD; wpfa,mufonf vJusoGm;cgeD;wGif atmf[pf tcsufay;vdkufEdkifonf/
xdkokdY atmf[pftcsufay; vdkufEdkifrIaMumifh xifonf/
tapmif h o k d i f ; orm;MuD ; av;a,muf vuf e uf y k e f ; txd c H & um vJ u suk e f M uonf h tcsd e f r S m yif
qdwfNidrfcef;raqmifxJrS 0lwef;okdif;orm; aNcmufa,muf taNy;xGufvmMuavonf/
0l w ef ; od k i f ; orm;MuD ; aNcmuf a ,muf w k d Y \ vuf x J w G i f "m;&S n f r sm; toif h u d k i f p G J x m;Muonf /
aNy;xGufvmaom odkif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufonf apmapmu apmifhMuyfaeaom odkif;orm;av;a,mufxuf
okdif;ynmNrifhrm;ykH&onf/
0HykavGNzLtzGJU0if odkif;orm;vli,frsm;uvnf; vsifNrefvSonf/
qdwNf idrcf ef;aqmifxrJ S aNy;xGuv f mMuonfh vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;udk &dycf eJ Nrifvu
dk o
f nfEiS hf rsufu, G af e&mrsm;wGif
udk,fa&mifazsmufum tomykef;uG,f vdkufMuonf/
qdwNf idrcf ef;aqmifxrJ S aNy;xGuv f mMuonfh vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;udk &dycf eJ Nrifvu
kd o
f nfEiS hf rsufu, G af e&mrsm;wGif
udk,fa&mifazsmufum tomykef;uG,fvdkufMuonf/
qdwfNidrfcef;aqmifxJrS aNy;xGufvmMuonfh odkif;orm;MuD;aNcmufa,mufwkdYrSm tapmifhav;a,muf
vJusaeMuonfudk Nrif&aomtcg tvGefyif tHhMooGm;Muonf/
ywf0ef;usiu f dk tuJcwfMunf&h rI nf MuHqrJ mS yif vufeufyek ;f rsm;Nzifh 0dik ;f 0ef;ypfcwfNcif;udk cHvu dk Mf u&onf/
owd&SdaeMuNyD; odkif;ynmvnf; tawmfNrifhrm;aom 0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufwdkYonf "m;&Snfrsm;udk
a0S Y ,rf ; vd k u f \ / oJ E S i f h q k y f y uf v d k u f o vd k Nyef Y usJ 0 if a &muf v monf h vuf e uf y k e f ; rsm;ud k yk w f x k w f
z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufMuonf/
tNzLa&mif t&dyfoP²mefrsm; vIyf&Sm;rIESifhtwl 0HykavGNzLtzGJUom;rsm;onf oGufvufNrefqefvSaom
t&Sdeft[kefNzifh 0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,muf&Sd&modkY aNy;0ifwdkufcdkufvmMuonf/
a0SY,rf;ckwfydkif;vdkufaom "m;a&mifrsm;u azG;ceJ azG;ceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
0HykavGNzLtzGJUom; q,fh&Spfa,mufwkdYonf 0lwef;okdif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufudk wpfa,mufvQif
okH;a,mufEIef;NzifhwpfwGJpD vlpkcGJum 0dkif;0ef;wdkufckdufMuonf/
xdkokdY wdkufckduf&mwGif 0HykavGNzLtzGJUom; okH;a,mufonf Mwd*HykHae&m,lum 0lwef;odkif;orm;
wpfa,mufpDudk 0ef;&HwdkufcdkufMuonf/
Mwd*HtoGif ae&m,lxm;aom 0HykavGNzLtzGJU0if odkif;orm; okH;a,muf tpkrsm; wpfpkESifhwpfpkvnf;
tquftpyfusus vIyf&Sm;aeMuonf/
xl;qef;vSaom pkaygif;wdkufckdufrIaMumifh 0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufwkdYrSm rsufuvJqefNym
NzpfukefMuonf/
]]&efol}}
0lwef;odkif;orm;wpfa,mufu atmf[pfvdkufonf/
xdkokdY owday;atmf[pfoH rqkH;rDrSmyif "m;a&mifrsm; azG;ceJvufceJNzpfum okH;bufokH;wefrS
0dkif;nSyfwdkufcdkufNcif; cHvdkuf&onf/
a&S U rS " m;ud k a&S m if v k d u f c sd e f w G i f aemuf a usmrS "m;csuf 0 if v monf / aemuf a usmrS "m;csuf u d k
a&SmifrnftNyKwGif ab;bufrS "m;csufwpfcsuf 0ifvmNyefonf/
"m;csufawGu wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfrI rSefuefonf/ tuGufvnf; pdyfvSonf/
199
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0lwef;odik ;f orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufwYdkonf odik ;f ynmaumif;olrsm; Nzpfaomfvnf; 0Hyak vGNzLtzGUJ om;rsm;\
qef;Nym;aom pkaygif;odkif;uGufESifh oGufvufNrefqefpGm vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk rnfokdYrQ r,SOfEdkifMuay/
wdkawmif;vSaom tcsdefykdif;av;twGif;rSmyif 0lwef;odkif;orm;MuD; aNcmufa,mufwdkYrSm 0HykavGNzL
tzGJU0ifokdif;orm; vli,frsm;\ wdkufcdkufacsrIef;Ncif;udk cHvdkufMu&avawmhonf/
]]a'gif ... a'gif ... a'gif ... a'gif}}
0lwef;*dkPf;\ ta&;ay:tcsufay; acgif;avmif;oH Nrnf[nf;vmonf/
qdwfNidrfaeaom 0lwef;*dkPf;XmecsKyfpcef;onf &kwfNcnf;vIyf&Sm; touf0ifvmonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf vufeufudk,fpD udkifaqmifum rdrdwdkY\ qdkif&mpk&yfae&mrsm;udk taNy;a&muf&Sd
pka0;vdkufMuonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; [l&SifusDrSmvnf; t0wftpm; z&dkz&JNzifh taNy;vTm; xGufvmonf/
[l&SifusDxHokdY uif;rª;wm0efusol taNy;yif a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]aNymprf;a[h? bmawG NzpfukefwmvJ}}
[l&SifusDu qD;íar;onf/
]]tNzLa&mif0wfpkH 0wfxm;MuwJh &efolawG[m tapmifhokdif;orm;awGudk wdkufcdkufacsrIef;NyD; awmifay:udk
wufvmMuygw,f *dkPf;csKyfMuD;}}
uif;rª;wm0efusolu NyefaNzonf/
]]&efolu b,folvJ}}
]]'gudk rod&ao;ygbl;}}
]]olwdkY tckb,fae&mudk a&mufaeNyDvJ}}
]]qdwfNidrfcef;aqmifem;udk a&mufaeygNyD? tckavmavmq,f uRefawmfwdkY&JU ta&;ay:wyfzGJUeJY
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufaeygw,f}}
]]'gqd k & if xd k u f c sD 0 uF y gtzG J U u t&ef t if t m;tNzpf toif h N yif ? rd k ; aNr0uF y g tzG J U u &ef o l u d k
csufcsif;oGm;&ifqdkif? oD["m; q,fh&Spfazmf ighem;rSm toifh&Sdyap}}
0lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; [l&Sif*sDu pDrHtrdefYay;vdkufonf/
xdkufcsD0uFygtzGJUESifh rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJUwdkUonf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tm;xm;&aom pkaygif;okdif;uGufrsm;udk
avhusifhxm;onfh okdif;orm;tpkrsm; NzpfMuonf/
oD["m;q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYrSmrl 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tm;txm;&qkH;aom vufa&G;pif odkif;orm; q,fh&Spfa,muf
Nzpfonf/
[l&SifusD\ trdefY&onfESifh rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm;onf &efoludk &ifqdkifwdkufckdufEdkif&ef
taNy;xGufoGm;Mu\/ xdkufcsD0uFyg tzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm;rSmrl toifhtaetxm;wGif &SdaeMuonf/
tNcm; 0lwef;*dkPf;0if odkif;orm;rsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdkYqdkif&m wm0efus ae&mrsm;wGif toifh&SdaeMuavNyD/
0l w ef ; *d k P f ; onf pnf ; urf ; ao0yf a om tzG J U tpnf ; wpf c k Nzpf \ / ta&;ay: tcsuf a y;
acgif;avmif;oHESihftwl &efoludk &ifqdkifckcH&ef tqifoifh &SdaeMuavNyD/
[l&iS uf so
D nf &efou l kd &ifqikd cf ck &H ef pDrt
H rdeYf ay;NyD;onfEiS hf rsuaf rSmifMuKwfum taNctaeudk csichf sed o f ;Hk oyf
Munfhonf/
vma&muf&efNyK wdkufckdufonfh &efolrsm; rnfolrnf0gNzpfrnfudk rSef;qí r&EdkifonfhtwGuf [l&SifusDrSm
tawmfyif tcufawGUaeonf/
]]vmwdkufcdkufwJh &efol[m b,folawGvJ? Munfh&wmtpGrf;uawmh ao;r,frxifbl;? at;av ...
0lwef;*dkPf;udk vmwdkufcdkufrSawmh tpGrf;tp b,fao;rSmvJ? 'gayr,fh b,folawGvJqdkwm awG;vdkYudk r&Edkifwm
cufwmyJ}}
[l&SifusDonf rsufarSmifMuKwfum tHwMudwfMudwfESifh Nzpfaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif odkif;orm;wpfa,muf taNy;a&mufvmonf/
xdkol\ t0wftpm;rsm; tpkwfpkwf tNywfNywfNzpfum aoG;paoG;ersm;onf ayusHaeonf/
200
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]ta&;ay:wyfzGJU tacsrIef;cHvdkuf&ygNyD *dkPf;csKyfMuD;}}
xdkokdif;orm;u armMuD;yef;MuD;ESifh owif;ydkYonf/
xdkokdif;orm;\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg [l&SifusDrSm tvGeftHhMooGm;&onf/
]]bm ... ta&;ay: wyfzGJU tacsrIef;cHvkduf&NyD [kwfvm;}}
0lwef;*dkPf;\ ta&;ay:wyfzGJUrSm omrefr[kwfay/
rarQmfvifah om tcsdew f iG f &eforl sm;tvpf 0ifwu
kd cf u
kd v
f mygu &kwNf cnf;ckc&H ef tqifNh rifh odik ;f orm;rsm;ESihf
zGJUpnf;xm;onfh wyfzGJUNzpfonf/
awmf&kHwef&kH &efolqdkvQif aumif;aumif;MuD; acsrIef;ypfEdkifonf/
,ck wdak wmif;vSaom tcsdeaf v;twGi;f ta&;ay:wyfzUJG tacsrIe;f cHvu kd &f NyD[k Mum;&onfwiG f [l&iS u f sDrmS
udk,fhem;udk,f r,kHMunfEdkifavmufatmif NzpfoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif 'Pf&mudk,fpD &xm;ol q,fOD;cefY aNcvSrf;',D;',dkifNzifh a&mufvmMuNyefonf/
[l&SifusDrSm a&SUokdYvSpfceJ aNy;xGufum 'Pf&m&xm;olrsm;teD;odkY csOf;uyfa&muf&SdoGm;onf/
]]&efolu b,folvJ}}
[l&SifusDu ar;vdkufonf/
]]b,folawGvJqdkwm rod&ygbl;? tm;vkH; tNzLa&mif0wfpkHawG 0wfxm;Muygw,f? pum;vJ wpfcGef;rS
raNymMubl;}}
'Pf&m& odkif;orm;wpfa,mufu aNymonf/
]]wdkufcdkufykHuawmh odyfudkNrefqefNyD; Murf;wrf;w,f? wu,fvdkY rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJUu nDaemifawG
a&mufrvmbl;qdk&if uRefawmfwdkY tckvdk touf&SifEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;? tm;vkH;taoyJ}}
tNcm;wpfa,mufuvnf; aNymonf/
]]olwdkYudk aq;0g;ukozdkY csufcsif;pDpOfay;vdkuf? oD["m; q,fh&Spfazmf igeJYvkdufcJh}}
[l&SifusDonf wdkufcdkuf&ef NyKvmMuolrsm;udk ukd,fwdkifMunfh&IvdkaomaMumifh xdkokdY trdefYay;NyD;aemuf
wdkufcdkufaeaomae&modkY xGufvmcJhonf/
oD["m; q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYvnf; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; [l&SifusDudk NcH&Hvsuf vdkufygvmMuavonf/
wdkufcdkufrIrsm; NzpfyGm;aomae&modkY [l&SifusDwdkYvlpk a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
aerif ; xG u f N yLvmNyD Nzpf a omaMumif h vif ; vif ; csif ; csif ; &S d a eNyD ; wk d u f y G J t aNctaeud k
aumif;pGmNrifawGUEdkifonf/
0l w ef ; *d k P f ; \ rd k ; aNr0uF y gtzG J U onf tk y f p k o k H ; pk c G J u m &ef o l 0 wf p k H N zL od k i f ; orm;rsm;ud k
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufaeonf/
wpfzufrS 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;rsm;onfvnf; tpkokH;pkcGJum wdkufyGJ0ifaeMuonf/ xdk0wfpkHNzL
odkif;orm;wdkY\ ezl;wGif 0HykavG&kyf? aNrG&kyfESifh usm;&kyfrsm;udk a&;xdk;xm;onfh ydwfprsm; pnf;xm;Muonf/
tvGefyif aooyfyd&dpGm vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufaeMuonf/
aMumuf&GHUaemufwGefYonfh toGifr&Sd/ pkaygif;odkif;uGuf qif&mwGifvnf; tvGefyifoGufvuf
NrefqefvSonf/
[l&SifusDonf 0g&ifhodkif;orm;MuD; wpfa,mufNzpfaomfvnf; 0wfpkHNzLokdif;orm;wdkY\ toGiftNyifESifh
wdkufckdufykH odkif;uGufqifykHwdkYudk rawGUzl;ao;ay/
onfvdk rdkufrdkufuef;uef;ESifh NrefqefoGufvufpGm vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufonfh odkif;orm;rsKd;udkvnf;
rMuKHzl;ao;ay/ rdrdwdkY\ ta&;ay:wyfzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm; ta&;edrfh NydKuGJcJh&onfrSm rqef;[k olawG;rdonf/
rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJUrS odkif;orm;rsm;yifvQif 0wfpkHNzLokdif;orm;rsm;udk aumif;pGm xdef;csKyfEdkifNcif; r&Sday/
]]xdkufcsD0uFygtzGJUudk tNrefac:NyD; tm;Nznfhcdkif;vdkuf}}
[l&SifusDu trdefYay;vkdufonf/
tcsufay;armif;oH ay:vmNyD;aemuf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ emrnfausmf xdkufcsD0uFygtzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm;onf
a&SUwufvmMu\/ rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJU0ifrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;í 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;rsm;udk 0dkif;ydwfwdkufcdkufMuonf/
201
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdu k cf sD0uFygtzGUJ yg tm;Nznfv h monfwiG f wdu k yf t
JG aNctaerSm wpfrsKd;aNymif;oGm;onf/ 0lwef;*dP k ;f twGuf
tawmfyif tcGifhomvmonf/
rdk;aNr0uFygESifh xdkufcsD0uFygwdkY yl;aygif;um xyfqifhcsKyfzrf; enf;AsL[mNzifh wdkufppfqifMu&m 0wfpkHNzL
odkif;orm;rsm;udk tkyfpD;xdef;csKyfrdonfh taNctaersKd; Nzpfvmonf/
wdkufyGJonf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ ordkif;wGif xl;uJaom wdkufcdkufrIwpfck Nzpfayonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;onf xdkufcsD0uFygtzGJUESifh rdk;aNr0uFygtzGJUwdkY yl;aygif;um &efoludk &ifqdkifwdkufckdufrIrsKd;
,cifu wpfMudrfwpfcgrQ rMuKHzl;ao;ay/
0wfpkHNzL okdif;orm;rsm;bufrSvnf; &kwfNcnf;yif wdkufckdufrIenf;AsL[mudk aNymif;vJvdkufMuonf/
tNyif;txef xdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufae&if;rS rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif; tNyeftvSef tumtuG,fay;onfh cHppfudk taNcNyKum
wdkufppfqifonfh enf;y&d,m,fudk aNymif;vJvmMuonf/
0lwef; odkif;orm;rsm;onf wdkufyGJudk tkyfpD;xm;Edkifaomfvnf; tNywftowf tEdkif,lNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
ESpfzufvkH; tqifhNrifh odkif;orm;awGcsnf;rdkY wdkufcdkuf&mwGif vGefpGmNyif;xefaeonf/
wdkufuGufwdkif;onf aMumufp&maumif;onf/
vIyf&Sm;rIwdkif;onf xdwfvefYzG,fNzpfonf/
0l w ef ; *d k P f ; csKyf M uD ; [l & S i f u sD o nf 0wf p k H N zL od k i f ; orm;rsm;\ vI y f & S m ;wd k u f c k d u f r I r sm;?
odkif;uGufokdif;[efrsm;udk aoaocsmcsm Munfh&ItuJcwfaeonf/
0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;onf t&G,fnDvSonf/ tm;vkH; toufq,fh&SpfESpf0ef;usif t&G,frsm;Nzpfonf/
t&yftarmif; udk,fvkH;udk,fxnf wpfnDwnf;Nzpfonf/
odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;uvnf; [l&SifusDawGUzl;aom odkif;[efrsm;ESifhrwlbJ wpfrlxl;onf/
olYtaeNzifh 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;wdkY\ odkif;ynm ZpfNrpfudk tuJcwfí r&Edkifavmufatmif Nzpfaeonf/
0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;onf rnfonfh*dkPf;tzGJUrS NzpfaMumif;udk pl;prf;í r&cJh/
0lwef;*dkPf;\ rdk;aNr0uFygtuGufESifh xdkufcsD0uFyg tuGufwdkYonf wNznf;Nznf; usOf;íusOf;í vmonf/
0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;udk ywfywfvnf 0ef;&HydwfqkdYrdvmonf/
0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;tzdkY odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm; wdkufcdkufEdkifonfh e,fy,frSmvnf; usOf;onfxuf
usOf;vmonf/
rd k ; aNr0uF y gES i f h xd k u f c sD 0 uF y gwd k Y \ vI y f & S m ;tuG u f a Nymif ; vJ r I o nf v nf ; yd k N ref v monf /
wdkufyGJt&Sdeft[kefuvnf; Nrifhonfxuf Nrifhvmonf/
aMuG;aMumfoHrsm;? atmf[pfoHrsm;? vufeufcsif;xdawGU wdkufcdkufoHrsm;u aomaomnHvmonf/
wdkufyGJydkNyif;xefvmonfESifhtrQ ESpfzufpvkH;wGifvnf; txdtckduf tust&IH;rsm; &Sdvmonf/
wdkufckdufrI tcsdefMumNrifhum wdkufyGJNyif;xefvmonfESifh trQ vltiftm; ydkrdkrsm;Nym;aom rdrdwdkY
0lwef;*dkPf;bufrS tompD;&Edkifrnf[k [l&SifusDu wGufudef;csaeonf/
,ckyif 0lwef;*dkPf;\ odkif;orm;rsm;onf wzGJzGJ pkpnf;a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ [l&SifusD\ aemufwGif
wdkufyGJr0if&ao;aom t&eftiftm; trsm;tNym; &Sdaeao;onf/
xdt k &eftiftm;rsm; teufrS tcsKdUudk xkwo f ;Hk vku
d v f Qif rdrw
d Ykd 0lwef;*dP
k ;f tzdYk atmifyq JG ifEikd af yawmhrnf[k
[l&SifusDawG;rdonf/
rd r d w d k Y \ *d k P f ; wl n D a emif r sm; pk a 0;a&muf v mMuNyD r d k Y rd k ; aNr0uF y gES i f h xd k u f c sD 0 uF y gtzG J U 0if
odkif;orm;rsm;rSmvnf; txl;yif pdwftm;wufMuGum wdkuf&Sdef ydkaumif;vmonf/
]]uJ ... uJ rif;wdkYvnf; rdk;aNr0uFygESifh xdkufcsD0uFygu nDaemifawGudk tm;Nznfh ulnDvkdufprf;ygOD;}}
[l&SifusDu oD["m; q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYudk trdefay;vdkufavonf/
tcsdefodyfrqGJawmhbJ wdkufyGJudk tEdkif,lvdkaomaMumifh ,ckvdk trdefYay;vdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
rdk;aNr0uFygESifh xdkufcsD0uFygwdkYNzifhyif 0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;udk tkyfpD;xm;Edkifonfh taNctaewGif
oD["m; q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYudk xkwfokH;vdkufvQif rkcsyif atmifyGJqifEdkifrnf[k [l&SifusD wGufxm;cJhonf/
trdefY&onfESifh oD["m;q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYonf wdkufyGJxJokdY NyKdifwl wdk;0ifoGm;Muonf/
202
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olUwGufudef; rrSm;ay/
oD [ "m; q,f h & S p f a zmf w d k Y tm;Nznf h 0 if v monf E S i f h 0l w ef ; *d k P f ; buf r S wd k u f p pf o nf tvG e f y if
Nyif;xefvmonf/ tm;MuD;vmonf/
0wfpkHNzL odkif;orm;rsm;rSm tvl;tvJcH&um z&dkz&J NzpfukefMuonf/
[l&SifusDonf rdrd\wGufudef; rSefaeonfhtwGuf auseyftm;&um acgif;wndwfndwf Nzpfaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ...
]]0kef; ...}}
aygufuGJoHMuD;wpfck &kwfw&uf ay:xGufvmonf/
ayguf u G J o H a y:vmonf h ae&mrS m 0l w ef ; *d k P f ; \ tpOf t quf *d k P f ; csKyf t &d k ; td k ; rsm;? *d k P f ; \
tzdk;wefusrf;rsm;ESifh &wemypönf;rsm; xm;&Sd&mbufrS NzpfonfhtwGuf [l&SifusD &ifxJwGif 'def;ceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
xdkae&monf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tonf;ESvkH;[k qdkEdkifonf/
xdkae&mwGif aygufuGJrI Nzpfay:vm&Ncif;rSm 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tonf;ESvkH;udk txdk;ESuf cHvdkuf&ovdk
NzpfoGm;onf/
[l&SifusD tMuD;tus,f wkefvIyfoGm;onf/
]]oD[ q,fh&Spfazmf tNrefvmprf;}}
oD[q,fh&Spfazmf wdkYrSmvnf; NrefvSonf/
[l&SifusD\ pum;oHrqkH;rDrSmyif tem;okdY pka0;a&muf&Sd vmMuonf/
]]aygufuGJoH Mum;wJhae&mudkoGm;? &efoludk tNywfacsrIef;ypf}}
[l&SifusDu trdefYay;vdkuf&m oD[q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYonf trdefYudkemcHNyD; vsifNrefpGm aNy;xGufoGm;Muonf/
oD[q,fh&Spfazmfonf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tm;txm;&qkH;aom xdyfwef;okdif;orm;rsm; NzpfMuonf/
aemufbufrS tvpf0ifwdkufckduf &efNyKvmonfh &efoludk oD[q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYu aumif;pGmxdef;xm;Edkifrnf[k
[l&SifusD wGufqrd\/ okdYaMumifh ckvdktrdefYay;apvTwfvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
]]awmuf ... w,fÚmPfrsm;wJh vlawGyJ? 'DbufrSm wdkufyGJqif ta,mifNyaeNyD; aemufbufu
tvpf 0 if a zmuf c G J y pf w ,f ? oD [ q,f h & S p f a zmf u d k tcsd e f r D apvT w f E d k i f v k d U awmf a o;wmaygh ? 'D & ef o l [ m
b,folawGrsm;NzpfrvJ? bmaMumifh igwdkYudk y&d,m,fMuG,fMuG,feJY oJoJrJrJ vmwdkufwmvJ}}
[l&SifusDonf xdkokdYawG;awm&if; wdkufyGJae&mbufokdY vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyefonf/
oD[q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYudk Ekwfodrf;vdkufonfhwdkif rdk;aNr0uFygESifh xdkufcsD0uFygwdkYonf tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wf
okdif;orm;rsm;udk xdef;csKyfxm;Edkifao;onf/
]]tif; ... awmfygao;&JU? 'DbufrSmvJ xdef;xm;EdkifvkdY}}
[l&SifusD oufNyif;armMuD; wpfcsufcsvdkufonf/
oufNyif;csoHrS rqkH;ao;/ aemufbufqDrS pDpDnHnHtoHrsm;aMumifh vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m tMuD;tus,f
xdwfvefYoGm;&avawmhonf/

[l&SifusD tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefUoGm;onf/


ol a pvT w f v d k u f a om oD [ q,f h & S p f a zmf w d k U onf z&d k z &J N yd K uG J u m aemuf q k w f v mMuonf u d k
awGUvdkuf&aomaMumifhyifwnf;/
oD [ q,f h & S p f a zmf w d k Y u d k vd k u f v H w d k u f c d k u f a eMuonf h &ef o l o d k i f ; orm;rsm;vnf ; 0wf p k H N zLrsm;
0wfxm;Muonf/
wpfckom xl;Ncm;onf/
&ef o l o d k i f ; orm;rsm;onf tNzLa&mif usm;opf & k y f a&;om;xm;aom a&T a &mif y 0grsm;ud k
ezl;wGifpnf;xm;Muonf/
rdk;aNr0uFygESifh xdkufcsD0uFygwdkYudk &ifqdkifaeonfh 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;rsm;ESifh wpfzGJUwnf;Nzpf[efwlonf/
odkif;ynmpGrf;uawmh xdkolrsm;u ydkrdkomvGefykH&onf/
203
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
oD[q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYyifvQif xdkokdif;orm;rsm;udk wif;wif;rmrm &ifqdkifNcif; rNyKEdkifMu/ z&dkz&JESifh
qkwfcGmxGufaNy; vmMuonf/
tNzLa&mif usm;opf&yk f a&;xm;onfh a&Ta&mify0grsm; ezl;wGif pnf;xm;Mumaom 0wfpNHk zL odik ;f orm;rsm;\
twif;w&Murf; vdkufvHwdkufckdufrIaMumifh oD["m;q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYrSm r&IrvS ta&;edrfhaeMuonf/
a&T a &mif y 0grsm; ezl ; wG i f pnf ; xm;onf h od k i f ; orm;rsm;aemuf r S touf i g;q,f a usmf t &G , f
vlMuD;wpfa,mufESifh toufav;q,fausmft&G,f vlwpfa,muf avQmufvSrf;vkdufvmMuonf/
xdkolESpfa,muf tNzLa&mif0wfpkHrsm;udk 0wfxm;Muonf/
rdrdwdkY0lwef;*dkPf;udk vma&mufwdkufcdkufMuonfh &efolokdif;orm;rsm;\ tMuD;tuJonf xdkvlESpfa,muf
Nzpfrnf[k [l&SifusD awG;rdonf/
vlMuD;\vufxJwGif a&Ta&mifwzdwfzdwf awmufaeonhf aowåmi,fwpfckudk udkifaqmifxm;onf/
xdkaowåmi,fudk NrifvdkufonfESifh [l&SifusDrSm £aNe´yif rqnfEdkifawmhbJ tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfvkdufrdonf/
]][m ... 'ku©ygyJ? cufukefNyD ... cufukefNyD}}
oltvGefyif pdwf"mwfusoGm;onf/
]][dwf ... tm;vkH;&yfvkdufMuprf;}}
a&Ta&mifawmufaeonfh aowåmi,fudk udkifxm;ol vlMuD;u atmf[pfaNymqdkonf/
xdkokdYaNym&if; vufxJ&Sd a&Ta&mifaowåmudkvnf; tm;vkH;Nrifomatmif udkifaNrSmufNyvdkufonf/
toufig;q,ft&G,f vlMuD;onf e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkHNzpfNyD; usefvlrSm ydkifusifvkH\
wynfhMuD; [kd,kqefNzpfaMumif;udk [l&SifusD odvkduf&avNyD/
[l&SifusDonf cHNyif;pdwf? a'gopdwf? &SufpdwfwdkUaMumifh wpfukd,fvkH; qwfqwfwkefaeonf/ tHukd
wif;wif;Mudwfum vufoD;udkvnf; uspfuspfygatmif qkyfxm;onf/
xdka&Ta&mif aowåmi,fonf tNcm;olrsm;tzdkY bmrQ ta&;rxm;avmufonfh t&mr[kwfaomfvnf;
0lwef;*dkPf;0ifrsm;tzdkYawmh xdkaowåmi,fonf yifr toufaoG;aMum[k qdk&vQif rSm;rnfr[kwfay/
xdka&Ta&mifaowåmxJwGif 0lwef;*dkPf;udk pwiftkwfNrpfcsxlaxmifcJhaom bdk;awmfq&mMuD; usef;qef;zkef;\
t&dk;tdk; &Sdaeonf/
bdk;awmfq&mMuD; usef;qef;zkef;\ t&dk;tdk;yg&Sdaom a&Ta&mifaowåm &efolUvufodkY usa&mufoGm;Ncif;onf
0lwef;*dkPf;tzdkU t&SufuGJ odu©muszG,f&m udpöwpf&yf Nzpfayonf/
]][dwf ... &yfvkdufMuvdkY aNymaewm rMum;bl;vm;}}
ydkifusifvkHu [eftNynfhNzifh xyfrHatmf[pf aNymqdkvdkufNyefonf/
,ckvdk ydkifpkd;ydkifeif; taNymcHvkduf&onfhtwGuf [l&SifusDrSm txl;yif cHNyif;rdonf/
okdY&mwGif tnSmudk udkifrdxm;NyD;Nzpfí ydkifusifvkH\pum;udk remcHívnf; r&ay/
]]tm;vkH; ... &yfvkdufMu}}
[l&SifusDu trdefYay;vdkufawmhrS wdkufcdkufrIrsm; &kwfNcnf;&yfwefUoGm;onf/
]]ydkifusifvkH ... cifAsm; vkyf&ufw,fAsm}}
[l&SifusDonf ydkifusifvkHudkMunfhNyD; tHMudwfum aNymonf/ [l&SifusD\pdwfxJwGif tvGefyifcHNyif;um
MudwfrEdkifcJr& Nzpfae\/
ydkifusifvkHonf EIwfcrf;wGefU&kHrQom NyKH;a,mifNyKum rdrdvufxJ&Sd a&Ta&mifaowåmav;udk Munfhvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf avoHat;at;ESifh aNymvdkufNyefonf/
]]cifAsm; vlawGudk vufeufcszdkYvJ aNymvdkufygOD;av}}
[l&SifusD bmrQrwwfom/ ydkifusifvkH\ trdefUudkemcH&Nyefawmhonf/
]]tm;vkH; vufeufcsvdkufMu}}
olUvlrsm;udk trdefYay;vdkufovdk [l&SifusD udk,fwdkifvnf; rdrdvufrS "m;&Snfudk ydkifusifvkH a&SUokdU
ypfcsvdkufonf/
]]NcGrf; ...}}
204
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
"m;&SnfusoGm;oH rwdk;rus,f ay:vmonf/
xdktoHonf 0lwef;*dkPf;tzdkU ysufpD;NydKuGJrI tr*FvmtoHyif Nzpfayawmhonf/
usef0lwef;*dkPf;om;rsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkU\ vufeufrsm;udk toD;oD;csvdkufMuonf/
okdif;ynm nHhzsif;aomaMumifh ta&;edrfh&Ncif; r[kwfbJ tnSmudk udkifrdaomaMumifh rwwfombJ
t&IH;ay;vkduf&onfhtwGuf 0lwef;*dkPf;om;taygif;rSm rcHcsdrcHom NzpfaeMuonf/
0lwef;*dkPf;onf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfNyD;vQif odkif;avmuwGif emrnftausmfMum;qkH; xdyfwef;
odkif;tzGJUMuD;wpfck Nzpfonf/
,ckrl e*g;NzLa*[m\ MoZmcHb0odkU a&muf&acsNyD/
0lwef;*dkPf;ay:okdY t&dyfrnf;MuD; vTrf;rdk;oGm;NyD[k qdk&ayrnf/
xdkaeUxdk&uf xdktcsdefrSpí 0lwef;*dkPf;wpfckvkH;onf e*g;NzLa*[m\ MoZmudk emcHMu&ayawmhonf/
0lwef;odkif;orm;rsm; 0wfqifavh&Sdaom odkif;0wfpkHrsm;udk qufvuf 0wfqifcGifh&aomfvnf; ezl;wGifrl
e*g;NzLt&kyfygonfh y0grsm;udk pnf;xm;Mu&onf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ rmefpG,fonf MuGm;MuGm;0ifh0ifh vQrf;wifhvmonfESifhtrQ odkif;avmu wpfckvkH;rSmvnf;
rvIyf&Sm;pzl; vIyf&Sm;oGm;&onf/
0lwef;*dkPf;udk acsrIef;odrf;oGif;NyD; okH;&uftMumwGif ydkifusifvkHonf 0lwef;*dkPf;\ tiftm;udk
t"dutokH;csNyD; csefcsif;*dkPf;udk wdkufckdufodrf;oGif; vdkufNyefonf/
csefcsif;*dkPf;udk odrf;oGif;onfh wdkufyGJwGif e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufa&G;pif odkif;orm; (72) a,mufteuf
tawmfrsm;rsm;yif xdckdufaoaMucJhonf/ wpfzef csefcsif;*dkPf;udk odrf;oGif;&mwGifvnf; tawmftoifh
tustqkH;&SdcJhonf/
xd c d k u f u sqk H ; oG m ;aom vuf a &G ; pif wd k u f c k d u f a &; od k i f ; orm;rsm;ae&mwG i f vl p m;xyf N znf h u m
avhusifhrINyKvkyfEdkif&eftwGuf tomNidrfaevdkufNcif; Nzpfayonf/
xdk;rnfhqif aemufwpfvSrf;qkwfonfh oabmyif/
vlpm;Nznfh avhusifhrIrsm; NyKvkyfNyD;vQif e*g;NzLa*[monf vIyf&Sm;wdkufckduf vmayOD;rnf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf odkif;avmuwpfckvkH;udk *,uf&dkuf oGm;apcJhonf/
txl;oNzifh tNcm;e*g;u0daNcmufa,mufwdkYrSm *,uft&dkufcH&qkH; Nzpfonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mu xl ; xl ; Ncm;Ncm; tif t m;wd k ; csJ U vmonf r d k U rd r d w d k Y tay: e*g;NzLa*[mu
vTrf;rdk;vmrnfhta&;udk awG;um aMumufvefUukefMuonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;wdkYonf
e*g;NzLa*[m\ twku, kd u
l m rdrw
d Ykd vufvrS ;f rD&m odik ;f tzGUJ i,frsm;udk odr;f oGi;f í tiftm;pkaqmif;Muawmhonf/
þvkyfaqmifrIrsm;aMumifh e*g;u0d ckepfqlwdkYtay:wGif tNcm;aom odkif;orm;rsm;u wpfrsKd;Nrifvm cJhMuonf/
,cifuqdkvQif e*g;u0d ckepfqlwdkYudk odkif;orm;taygif;u tawmfyifav;pm;cJhMuonf/ odkif;avmu\
OD;pD;em,ursm; oabmNzifhyif ae&may;cJhMuonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;onf vrf;vGJudk vdkufoGm;cJhoNzifh e*g;u0dwdkUtay: okdif;avmurS txiftNrifaNymif;p
NyKaecsdefwGif e*g;NzLa*[m\ vkyf&yfu rD;avmif&mavyifhqdkovdk NzpfoGm;cJhonf/
tcsKd U od k i f ; orm;rsm;u e*g;u0d c k e pf q l [ l í yif rac:awmh y J e*g;&d k i f ; ck e pf a umif [ l í
aNymif;vJac:a0:Muonf/
od k i f ; ynmNzif h trsm;aumif ; usKd ; ? wd k i f ; Nynf a umif ; usKd ; o,f y d k ; aqmif & G u f v k d N yD ; tcsif ; csif ;
&efNyKwdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk rvdkvm;onfh vrf;rSefokdif;orm;aumif;rsm;\ tNrifwGif e*g;u0dwdkY\ vkyf&yfrSm
wpfukd,faumif;qefonfh &rf;um;aomvkyf&yfrsm; Nzpfaeayawmhonf/

205
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (23)
0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf ESpfa,muftwl c&D;xGufvmcJhMu&m [efMuLNrdKUteD;okdY
a&mufvmMuonf/
&d k ; om;yG i f h v if ; NyD ; trS e f w &m;buf r S &yf w nf w wf o l &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k 0rf ; tif a rmuf u
tawmfyifoabmusaeonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; twlwl c&D;ESifaeNcif; Nzpfonf/ olwdkYESpfa,mufonf [efMuLNrdKUxJokdY r0ifMuao;bJ
NrdKUNyifNrpfurf;ab;&Sd t&ufqdkifav; wpfqdkifwGif 0ifa&muftem;,lMuonf/
t&ufwpftdk;? vufzuf&nfMurf; wpfu&m;ESifh [if;vsmrsm;udk rSmMum;vdkuf\/
0rf;tifarmufu t&uf? &SD;xifcsdwfu vufzuf&nfMurf; aomufMuonf/
[if;vsmrsm;udk pm;aomuf&if; pum;pNrnf aNymqdkMuonf/
rdk;u wpdrfhpdrfh &GmoGef;aeonfhtwGuf xdkt&ufqdkifxJwGif vl&Sif;aeonf/
pm;aomufaeol[lí 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY ESpfa,mufom &SdMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh olwdkYESpfa,muftzdkY vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pum;aNymqdkEdkifMuonf/
]]usKyfeJY [kd,kqefwdkY &if;ESD;cifrifcJhMuwm MumygNyD? ol'Davmuf qdk;oGrf;vdrfhr,f rxifcJhbl;}}
0rf;tifarmufu xdkokdYaNymNyD; t&ufcGufudk aumufudkifum armhcsvdkufonf/
ydkifusifvkHESifh [kd,kqefwdkY OD;pD;aom e*g;NzLa*[modkif;orm;rsm;u 0lwef;*dkPf;ESifh csdefcsif;*dkPf;wdkYtm;
wdkufcdkufodrf;oGif;cJhrIudk &nf&G,fum aNymvkdufNcif;Nzpfonf/
]][kww f ,f OD;OD;? [k, d q k ef&UJ aNymif;vJyu
Hk awmh wu,fu
h kd tawG;&cufp&myJ? ol[m pdwx f m;aumif;rGeNf yD;
aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfwhJ vlwpfa,mufvdkY owif;MuD;cJhw,f? a[m ... 'DaeUawmh ol[m odkif;avmuudk vTrf;rdk;zdkY
MuHpnfaewJh avmbom;wpfa,muf NzpfaeNyefNyD? OyrmNy&&if a[m'D [efMuLNrdKUu rdk;vdkyJ? vQyfwNyuf
rdk;om;awGwuf rdk;Ncdrf;oHawGMum;&ayr,fh rdk;u &GmcsifrS&Gmw,f? a[m ... &Gmr,fh&GmawmhvJ rdk;om;rrnf;
vQyfrNyufbJ 0kef;ceJ 'dkif;ceJ &GmcsNyefa&m}}
]]at; ... rif;ay;wJh Oyrmudkawmh igodyfMudKufoGm;NyD}}
0rf;tifarmufu xdkokdYaNymNyD; t&ufarmhaomufvdkuf Nyefonf/
206
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdk;uwpdrfhpdrfh &GmaeaomaMumifh 0rf;tifarmufrSm t&ufaomufí tawmfaumif;aeonf/
olu t&ufudk ZdrfqGJumaomufaeovdk &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; vufzuf&nfMurf;udk t&omcHum
aomufaeavonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf ,cktcgwGif b0wlawGvdk Nzpfaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwGif aexdkif&maetdrf twnfwusr&Sday/ okdif;avmuwGif c&D;vSnfhvnfoGm;&if; A[kokw
&SmazG&rnfNzpfonf/
0rf;tifarmufrSmrl 0lwef;*dkPf;XmecsKyfpcef;wGif tdrfcef;wpfck&Sdonf/ okdYaomf 0lwef;*dkPf;udk
e*g;NzLa*[mu MoZmcHtNzpf odrf;oGif;xm;onfhtwGuf 0lwef;*dkPf;odkYvnf; rNyefvdkawmhay/
okdYtwGuf aetdrfr&Sdawmhonfh oabmrsKd; NzpfoGm;awmhonf/
b0wlawGvkd Nzpfaeaom 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf aNcovkH;tdrfwkdiftNzpf oGm;vm&if;
[efMuLNrdKUokdY a&mufaeMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
rdk;u wpdrfhpdrfh &GmaeqJ/
aumif;uifwpfckvkH; tkHYqdkif;rIefrIdif;aeonf/ idkawmhrnfh rdef;uav;wpfOD; rsufESmndKaeovdkNzpf\/
rdk;pufrdk;aygufav;rsm; wzGJzGJusvmykHu rsufvkH;tdrfrS xGufvmaom rsuf&nfaygufrsm;ES,f/
0rf;tifarmufEiS hf &S;D xifcsw
d o
f nf t&ufEiS hf vufzuf&nfMurf;rsm;udk aomufvu
dk ?f [if;vsmrsm;udk pm;vku d f
tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfaeMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vufzuf&nfMurf;wpfusKdufaomufum MuufaMumfwpfudkuf pm;aomuf&if; Nrpfa&Nyifukd
ai;Munfhrdonf/
rdk;pufrdk;aygufav;rsm;aMumifh Nrpfa&NyifxufwGif a&yGufuav;rsm; yvkHpDatmif xaeonf/
Nrpfa&onfvnf; woGifoGif pD;qif;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf ai;armí aumif;aecdkuf ...
]]zsyf ... zsyf ... zsyf}}
]]pGyf ... pGyf ... pGyf}}
rdk;a&xJwGif aNy;vTm;vmonfh aNcoHrsm;udk Mum;ae&onf/
0rf;tifarmuf em;udkpGifhvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfurl t&ufqdkifa&SU&Sd vrf;ray:odkY vSrf;arQmftuJcwfMunfhonf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufonf wzGJzGJ&GmoGef;aeonfh rdk;pufrdk;aygufrsm;atmufwGif tl&m;zm;&m;ESifh
aNcukefokwf aNy;vTm;aeonf/
xdkokdY aNy;vTm;&if;rS xdwfvefYonfhtoGifNzifh aemufokdY rMumcP vSnfhMunfhonf/
olr\aemufrS &efolrsm;u vdkufaeMuonfh toGifrsKd; Nzpfonf/
rdef;uav;rSm rdk;a&rsm;Nzifh &TJ&TJpkdaeonf/
]]aumifav; ... bmawGNzpfaewmvJ}}
rsufpduef;aeaom 0rf;tifarmufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk ar;Nref;onf/
]]rdef;uav;wpfa,muf rdk;a&xJrSm aNy;vmaewmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdNrif&onfudk NyefaNymNyonf/
]]tif; ... [kwfw,f? rdef;uav; aNcoHyJ? NyD;awmh tEÅ&m,f wpfckckaMumifh xGufaNy;ae&wJh ykHrsKd;yJ}}
rsufpduef;aeaomfvnf; aomwtm&kH xufNrufvmonfh 0rf;tifarmufu Mum;ae&onfh aNcoHay:wGif
taNcNyKum cefYrSef;aNymMum;onf/
0rf;tifarmufonf qufvufem;pGifh&if; pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonfrSm ...
]]olYaemufu vlokH;a,muf vdkufvmaeygvm;? a,musfm;okH;a,muf Nzpf&r,f? b,fvdk Nyóemrsm;vJ
rodbl;}}

207
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktcdkufrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwf\pum;oHukd 0rf;tifarmuf Mum;&onf/
]][kd ... rdef;uav;aemufu a,musfm;okH;a,muf aNy;vdkufvmaeMuw,f? olwdkYvkdufaewJhykHu
orifaemufudk trJvdkufacG;awG vdkufaewJhykHrsKd;yJ? tJ'D vlokH;a,mufudk Munfh&wm vlaumif;awG r[kwfEdkifbl;}}
]]'gqdk&if rif; oGm;vkdufMunfhvkdufygvm;? ulnDzdkYvdkr,fqdk&if ulnDay;vdkufav}}
]][kwu f ?hJ uReaf wmf vku d Mf unfv h u kd rf ,f? uReaf wmf Mumae&if OD;OD; wnf;cdck ef;NyefNyD; uReaf wmfu h kd tJ'uD aeyJ
apmifhyg}}
ab;tEÅ&m,fMuKHaeoludk ulnDay;vdkonfh &SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfudk 0rf;tifarmuf csD;rGrf;rdonf/ yxrwGif
rdef;uav;bufrS oludk,fwdkif yg0ifulnD&ef pdwful;rdao;onf/
,ck &SD;xifcsdwfu vdkufoGm;rnfqdkawmh 0rf;tifarmuftzdkY ab;tEÅ&m,fMuKHaeaom rdef;uav;twGuf
pdwfat;oGm;onf/
]]at; ... at; ... owdawmhxm;aemf}}
]][kwfuJh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNymvnf;aNym qdkifxJrSvnf; taNy;tvTm; xGufoGm;onf/
]]'Daumifav;[m pdwx f m;aumif;NyD; ab;'kua© &mufaewJv h ul kd ulnw D wfw,f? igi,fi,fwek ;f u twdik ;f yJ}}
0rf;tifarmufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk csD;rGrf;a&&Gwf aNymqdkNyD; t&ufwpfcGuf armhaomufvdkufonf/
rdk;u wpdrfhpdrfh &GmaeqJ/
[efMuLNrdKUNyifwGif awmtkyfwpfck&Sd\/
awmtkyfonf odyfrMuD;vS? opfyifrsm;xlxyfum tkyftkyfqdkif;qdkif;awmh &Sd\/
rdef;uav;onf xdkawmtkyfxJokdY 0ifaNy;oGm;\/ aemufrSvdkufaeMuol a,mufsm;okH;a,mufvnf;
awmtkyfxJodkY aNy;vdkufoGm;Muonf/
olwdkYvlpkaemufrS aemufa,mifcHvdkufaeol &SD;xifcsdwfvnf; awmtkyfxJodkY vkdufyg0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
udk,fazmhynmudk tpGrf;ukefokH;um vdkufrnfqdkvQif xdkvlpkudk tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; trDvdkufEdkifonf/
odkYaomf rdef;uav;ESifh xdka,mufsm;okH;a,mufwkdUtMum;wGif rnfonfhNyóemrsKd; NzpfyGm;aeonfudk
&SD;xifcsdwf aoaocsmcsm rodao;ay/
xdkYaMumifh tavmokH;q,f yg0ifpGufzufNcif; rNyKbJ t&dyftNcnfudk apmifhMunfhvdkonfhtwGuf cyfcGmcGmrS
vdkufygaecJhonf/
awmtkyfrSm tawmfyif odyfonf;onf/ opfyifrsm;? csKHEG,frsm;? Nruf&dkif;rsm; xlxyfonf/
awmxJokdY 0ifa&mufrdaomtcg a&SUrSaNy;oGm;onfh rdef;uav;ESifh a,mufsm;okH;a,mufwdkYudk &SD;xifcsdwf
rsufNcnfNywfoGm;onf/
]][m ... [kdvlawG b,fa&mufukefygvdrfh? igu cyfcGmcGmuaevdkufvmrdwmeJY rsufNcnfNywfukefNyD?
rvG,fygvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrdukd,frdrd tNypfwifrdonf/
teD;0ef;usifukd rsufpu d pm;vku d \ f / rd;k &Gmxm;rIaMumifh pGwpf adk ysmhtad eaom aNrNyifwiG f aNc&mrsm; xif&mS ;pGm
xifaeonfudk awGU&onf/
]]a[m ... aNc&mawG? awmfygao;&JU? rdk;&Gmwmudkawmif aus;Zl;wif&rvdk NzpfaeNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNcoHudkvkHatmif tomazmheif;um aNc&mrsm;twdkif; vdkufoGm;onf/
aNcvSrf;wpf&mcefY avQmufvSrf;vmcJhNyD;aemuf olawGUvdkaomvlpkudk Nrif&avawmhonf/
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufonf rdef;uav;udk trdzrf;xm;MuNyD;Nzpfonf/
&S;D xifcsw
d f vSr;f Nrif&csed w
f iG f rde;f uav;onf opfyifMuD;wpfyifaNc&if;&Sd aNruGuv f yfuav;wGif uydu k &dEk iS hf
vJusvsuf a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufu 0ef;&Hxm;Muonf/
rdef;uav;\rsufESmonf usD;vefYpmpm;qdkovdk aMumufvefYonfh trlt&m&Sdaeonf/
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufurl auseyftm;&onfhtoGifNzifh rm;rm;rwfrwfMuD; &yfaeMuonf/

208
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf csKHykwfwpfckaemufwGif tom0ifykef;atmif;NyD; rnfokdYNzpfvmrnfudk acsmif;aNrmif;
Munfh&Iaeonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; tvum; tyifyef;cHNyD; aNy;&ao;w,f? igwdkYvufxJu vGwfatmifb,faNy;vdkY
&rSmvJ? uJ ... uJ ... rif;twGuf taNctaerqdk;apcsif&if igwdkYvdkcsifwJh ypönf;udk tomwMunf xkwfay;prf;}}
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu rdef;uav;udkaNymonf/
rdef;uav;onf xdka,mufsm;udk aMumufvefYonfhtoGifNzifh armfMunfhum ...
]]bmypönf;vJ[if? uRefr rodygbl;&Sif? uRefrqDrSm bmypönf;rS r&Sdygbl;? csrf;omay;Muyg}}
a,mufsm;MuD;u rckd;rcefY &,farmvdkufNyD; ...
]]rodcsifa,mifaqmifNyD; aNAmifNiif;raeprf;eJY? 'grsKd;awG &kd;aeygNyD? at; ... rif;u rodovdkvdk bmvdkvdk
vkyfaeawmh igu t&dyftNrGuf aNym&wmaygh? igwdkYvdkcsifwmu ,Gef;bl;eufav;yJ}}
rdef;uav;u acgif;w,rf;,rf;Nzifh Niif;qefNrJNiif;qefonf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;? uRefr rodygbl;&Sif? uRefrqDrSm bmbl; bmaowåmrS r&Sdygbl;? ,Gef;bl;
teufuav;qdkwm Mum;awmifrS rMum;zl;ygbl;}}
]]awmuf ... aNAmifvdrfraeeJY? tom;emcsifNyDxifw,f}}
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu aNymaNymqdkqkd rdef;uav;tm; aNcaxmufNzifh uefonf/
aNcuefcsufaMumifh rdef;uav;rSm aemufNyefvef vJusoGm;\/
rdk;&Gmxm;onfhtwGuf AGufxaeoNzifh rdef;uav;\udk,fwGif &GHUAGufrsm; ayusHukefonf/
]]'Daumifrav;udk MudK;eJUt&ifwkyfvdkuf? NyD;rS aumif;aumif; ppfar;&r,f}}
rdef;uav;udk aNcaxmufESifh uefvkdufonfh a,mufsm;MuD;u olYvlESpfa,mufudk trdefYay;onf/
xdkvlESpfa,mufonf rdef;uav;udk csKyfzrf;um vufNyefMudK; wkyfaESmifvdkufMuonf/
rdef;uav;crsm vufNyefMudK; twkyfcH&oNzifh raNy;EdkifrvIyfEdkifbJ NzpfoGm;onf/
rdef;uav;\ wpfukd,fvkH;rSm wqwfqwf wkef,ifae\/ rsuf0ef;av;rsm; uv,fuv,fESifh
Nzpfae&Smonf/
rdef;uav;\toGifonf usm;&dkif;rsm;tv,fwGif a&mufaeonfh orifrav;wpfaumifvdk oem;pzG,f
Nzpfaeonf/
]]uJ ... aNymprf;? ,Gef;bl;eufuav; b,frSmvJ}}
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu avoHrmrmNzifh ar;cGef;xkwfNyefonf/
rdef;uav;rSm aqmufwnf&mr&atmif aMumufvefYae&mrS ...
]]r ... rodygbl; &Sif}}
]]eif emcsifNyDxifw,f [kwfvm;? aumif;aumif;ar;aewmudk aumif;aumif;raNzbl;}}
]]uRefr wu,fudk rodvdkYyg&Sif}}
]]uJ ... rodOD;uGm}}
a,mufsm;MuD;u aNymaNymqdkqdk rdef;uav;\ yg;udk&dkufcsvdkufonf/
]]Nzef; ...}}
yg;&dkufcH&rIaMumifh rdef;uav;rSm acgif;vnfxGufoGm;onf/
yg;NyifwGifvnf; ndKrnf;aom vufig;acsmif;&mMuD; xifoGm;onf/
]]wu,f rodvdkY rodbl; aNymwmyg&Sif}}
rdef;uav;\ aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYrIu txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufvmonf/
]]awmuf ... w,f acgif;rmwmyJudk;}}
xkda,mufsm;MuD;u Mudrf;0g;&if; nmvufudk aNrSmufvdkufNyefonf/
tNcm; a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu xdkol\vufudk zrf;qGJxm;vdkufonfhtwGufaMumifh rdef;uav;rSm
aemufwpfMudrf t&dkuftESuf cH&rnfhab;rS vGwfoGm;onf/

209
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0ifa&mufwm;qD;olonf rdef;uav;udk tomMunfhum avoHcsKdcsKdNzifh ...
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;udk b,frSm0Sufxm;w,f qdkwmom aNymprf;yguG,f? rif;udk csufcsif;NyefvTwfay;rSmyg?
[kwfvm;}}
]]uRefr odudkrodvkdYyg&Sif? uRefr vdrfaewm r[kwfygbl;}}
rdef;uav;u bl;cHNrJ cHaeonf/
apmapmu rdef;uav;udk &dkufESuf uefausmufaeol vlMuD;onf a&SUwdk;vmum aigufirf;aNymqdk Nyefonf/
]]awmuf ... 'Daumifrudk vdSrfh&dkufypfvkduf&if olYyg;pyfu zGifhaNymvmrSmyg}}
xdkokdYaNymNyD; &dkufESuf&ef [efNyifvdkuf\/ avoHat;at;Nzifh aNymaeolu [efYwm;vdkuf&Nyefonf/
]]rif;uvJ aeprf;yguGm? rdef;uav;u igwkdYudk aMumufNyD; raNym&JwmvJ Nzpfygvdrfhr,f? ig
at;at;aq;aq; ar;Munfhprf;yg&apOD;}}
xdkokdY aNymNyD;aemuf rdef;uav;bufvSnfhum ...
]]igwdkYar;wmudk trSeftwdkif; aNzprf;yguG,f? acgif;rmraecsifprf;ygeJU? acgif;rmae&if rif;awmh
'ku©aumif;aumif;awGU&vdrfhr,f? rif;vdk vSyacsmarmwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk igwdkY odcsifwm zGifhaNymatmif
vk y f E d k i f w J h e nf ; awG trsm;MuD ; &S d y gw,f ? 'D a wmh bmaMumif h tom;emcH c sif & wmvJ ? aNymp&m&S d w mud k
at;at;oufom&Sdwkef; aNymvkdufyg? r[kwf&if rif;b0 qkH;&NyDomrSwf}}
xdka,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufwkdYonf acsmhcsnfwpfcg aNcmufcsnfwpfvSnfhNzifh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;
taMumif;udk trsKd;rsKd; ar;Nref;aeMuonf/
]][kd ... [kd uRefr wpfckawmh aNymcsifw,f? aNymvdkY&rvm;[if}}
rdef;uav;u a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufudk rsufvkH;av;uv,fuv,fESifh Munfh&if; cyf&GHU&GHUav;
aNym&Smonf/
a,musfm;MuD;wpfa,mufu acgif;udk qwfceJndwfum ...
]]aNymprf; ...}}
]]uRefr ... uRefr aMumufp&mvefYp&mawG awGUvm&if bmudkrS pOf;pm;vkdY r&awmhbJ arhwwfwJhtusifh
&Sdygw,f&Sif? tck &SifwkdYu 0dkif;NyD;atmfvm; [pfvm;vkyfaeawmh bmudkrS pOf;pm;vkdY r&awmhbl;? &SifwdkY
at;at;aq;aq; aer,fqdk&if uRefrpOf;pm;rdoavmuf aNymNyr,f}}
]]aumif;NyD ... aNymprf;}}
]][dkav [kd ... &SifwdkY&JU pcef;uaeNyD; uRefrxGufvmawmh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk ,lvmcJhw,f}}
apmapmu rdef;rysKdukd Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf; &dkufESufcJhaom a,mufsm;MuD;onf xckefvdkufNyD; ...
]]a[m ... rif;tck 0efcH&NyD r[kwfvm;? apmapmu bmaMumifhvdrfae&wmvJ}}
xd k o l \ atmf [ pf M ud r f ; armif ; rI u d k vef Y o G m ;onf h t oG i f N zif h rd e f ; uav;onf yck H ; av;wG e f Y u m
rsufvkH;rsm;NyL;vsuf ...
]]uRefrudk qufaNymapcsif&if atmfvm;[pfvm; rvkyfygeJY? atmf[pfae&if uRefr pOf;pm;rdxm;wm
av;awGawmif NyefarhukefNyD; &SifwdkYudk bmrSaNymEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;}}
]]uJ ... uJ ... eifhudk ratmfygbl;wJh? qufomaNym}}
pdwf&Snf[ef&Sdaom a,mufsm;MuD; wpfa,mufu aNymonf/ xdkYaemuf a'goMuD;ykH&aom
vlbufvSnfhum ...
]]rif;uvJ odyfa'goMuD;raeygeJY? cPavmuf NidrfNidrfqdyfqdyf aeprf;yg}}
a'goMuD;[efwlaom a,musfm;MuD;onf bmrQraNymbJ tomNidrfaeonf/
rdef;uav;u qufaNymNyefonf/
]]&SifwdkY&JU pcef;uxGufvmNyD; Nrif;&xm;wpfpD;ay:udk uRefrwufw,f? aemufawmh tJ ... tJ}}
rdef;uav;\toHonf wNznf;Nznf; wdrf0ifoGm;onf/
a&SUquf pOf;pm;r&awmhonfh toGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/

210
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdef;uav; aNymMum;onfrsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;pGm Nidrfíem;axmifaeMuaom a,musfm;okH;a,mufwdkYonf
tm;rvdktm;r& Nzpfvmonf/
olwdkYqufum em;axmifaeMuonf/
rdef;uav;\EIwfrS rnfonfhpum;rQ xGufrvm/
]]eifu igwdkYudkvdrfzdkY MuHaewmvm;}}
a'goMuD;aom a,musfm;MuD;u xdkokdYaNym&if; rdef;uav;\ tusÐ&ifbwfudk vSrf;qkyfukdifvkdufonf/
]]rvkyfygeJY&Sif ... rvkyfygeJY? aMumufygw,f? aMumufrd&if tm;vkH;arhukefvdrfhr,f}}
rdef;uav;u tavmwMuD; aNymonf/
]]NrefNrefpOf;pm;prf;? igodyfpdwfr&Snf Edkifawmhbl;}}
a,musfm;MuD;u xdkokdYaNymNyD; qkyfudkifxm;aom tusÐpudk NyefvTwfay;onf/
]]uRefrudk tcsdefawmh ay;yg&Sif? Nznf;Nznf;csif; pOf;pm;NyD; aNymygr,f? &SifwdkYvkyfvdkY uRefrrSm odyfudk
aMumufvefYNyD; tm;vkH;arhovdk Nzpfaeygw,f}}
]]'Dr,f aumifrav; eifhudk ig&Sif;&Sif;yJaNymr,f? igwdkYvufxJuaNy;vkdY rvGwfawmhbl;? eifhudk
igwdkYenf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY ppfaq;vdkY&w,f? OyrmNy&&if ...}}}
xdkolu Murf;MuKwf&ufpufaom nSif;yef;enf;rsm;ESifh rdkuf&dkif;vSaom tEdkifusihfrIrsm;taMumif;udk
aNymNyonf/
]]at; ... tJ'DvdkrsKd; tvkyfrcHcsif&if igwdkYodcsifwmudk aumif;aumif;aNym [kwfvm;}}
nSif;yef;ESdyfpuf tEdkifusifhenf;rsm;udk aNymNyNyD;aemuf xdkolu rdef;uav;udk Ncdrf;aNcmufonf/
xdkol aNymMum;onfrsm;udk em;axmif&onfuyif rdef;uav;tzdkY tonf;xdwf&ifzdkatmif vefYoGm;onf/
rsufESmwpfckvkH; eD&Jvmatmif &Suf&GHUoGm;onf/
wu,fvufawGU cHpm;MuKHawGU&rnfqdkvQif ...
rdef;uav;tzdkY awG;yif rawG;&Jay/
]]uRefr ... uRefr wu,fukd arhwwfvYdk yg&Sif b,fvrkd S pOf;pm;vdYk r&Edik b
f ;l ? &Siw
f Ykd u Ncdr;f aNcmufaeNyefawmh
ydkqdk;aeNyD}}
rdef;uav;u idkrJhrJhav;aNymonf/
]]eifu igwdkYudk vdrfaew,faygh}}
a'goMuD;aom a,mufsm;onf pdwfudk rxdef;Edkifawmh[efNzifh rdef;uav;\ yg;udkb,fNyefnmNyef
&dkufvdkuf\/
rdef;uav;rSm &GHUAGufrsm;ay:wGif vJusoGm;onf/
xdkolu rdef;uav;udk aNcaxmufNzifh vSdrfhuefaeNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf .../
acsmif;aNrmif;um tuJcwfMunfhaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf MunfhraeEdkifawmh/
ykef;atmif;ae&mrS avQmufvSrf;xGufoGm;NyD; at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm aNymvdkufonf/
]]awmfavmufygNyDAsm? 'DxufvGefuJvm&if raumif;awmhygbl;? rdef;uav;udk vTwfay;vdkufyg}}
xdkvlokH;a,mufwdkYonf þae&mwGif rdrdwdkYESifh rdef;uav;om&Sdaeonf[k xifaeMuonf/
rarQmfvifah om pum;oHukd Mum;vdu k &f onfth cg vefYomG ;um toHay:vm&mbufoYkd vSr;f Munfv h u
kd of nf/
olwdkY\vufrsm;u tvdktavsmufyif "m;&dk;rsm;ay:a&mufoGm;NyD; "m;&Snfrsm;udk qGJxkwfvdkufMuonf/
]]rif;u b,fuvJ}}
]]bmaumifvJuG}}
]]bmNzpfvdkY igwdkY udpöxJrSm 0if&IyfwmvJ}}
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufwkdYonf wpfa,mufwpfayguf ar;vdkufMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuawmh at;at;aq;aq;yif/

211
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]ar;cGef;awGu rsm;vScsnfvm;? 'Dar;cGef;awGudk cPxm;NyD; rdef;uav;udk t&ifMudK;aNz ay;vkdufyg?
NyD;rS at;at;aq;aq; ar;csifwmawG ar;Muaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ at;at;aq;aq;aNymqdkykHaMumifh xdkolokH;a,mufrSm a'gorsm;xGufvmMuonf/
a,musfm;MuD;okH;a,mufonf "m;&Snfrsm;udk0ifhum &SD;xifcsdwfudk 0ef;&HvdkufMuonf/
0ef ; &H N yD ; onf E S i f h wpf a ,muf u a&S U ok d Y v S r f ; wuf v m\/ xd k Y a emuf &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k "m;&S n f N zif h
0kdufumckwfcsonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf wzuf v l r sm;\ vI y f & S m ;rI u d k rsuf N cnf r Nywf tuJ c wf M unf h a eonf h t wG u f
tqifoifh&Sdaeavonf/
xdkol\ aNcvSrf;vSrf;[ef? odkif;uGufeif;[ef? "m;csufckwfcsvdkuf[efwdkYudk Munfhum odkif;ynmtqifh
redrfhvSaMumif;vnf; tuJcwfrdonf/
xdkol\okdif;ynmrSm tqifhredrfhvSaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfudkrl zufNydKifEdkifonfh taNctaewGif r&Sday/
od k Y a omf &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf wzuf & ef o l u d k txif a o;Ncif ; r&S d / owd & S d & S d N zif h toif h t aetxm;
Nyifqifxm;NyD;Nzpfonf/ wzufrS "m;csuf0ifvmonfESifh e*g;NzLrdk;ysHtuGufudk okH;um ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;onf/
xkda,mufsm;MuD;\ "m;csufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudkrxd 0SD;ceJtoHomNrnfNyD; vGJacsmfoGm;\/
xd k t csd e f w G i f usef a ,muf s m;MuD ; ES p f a ,muf u &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k b,f n mnS y f u m "m;&S n f r sm;ES i h f
ckwfydkif;wdkufcdkufvmNyefonf/
apmapmu ckwfcsufvGJoGm;oluvnf; ol\"m;&Snfudk Nyef0dkuf,l&if; xyfrHckwfcsvmNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm "m;&SnfokH;vufukd &ifqdkifae&avNyD/
vufeufrJh&ifqdkifí rNzpfawmh/ pkwfwHcRefvufeufudk qwfceJ qGJxkwfvdkuf\/ onfhaemufa0SY,rf;NyD;
0dkif;ckwfvmaom "m;csufrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fvdkufonf/
]]xef; ... xef; ... xef;}}
pkwfwHcRefvufeufESifh "m;&SnfokH;vufwkdY xdawGUrdoHrsm;u qufwdkufay:vmonf/
a,muf s m;MuD ; ok H ; a,muf w d k Y \ "m;&S n f u d k i f x m;aom nmvuf r sm;usOf c eJ Nzpf o G m ;Mu\/
vufxJrS"m;&SnfawG vGwfxGufvkeD;yg; NzpfoGm;onf/
olwdkYokH;a,mufvkH; xdwfvefYoGm;Muonf/
ukd,fcE¨m aysmhaysmhEGJUEGJUESifh pmayorm;toGif aygufaeonfh vl&G,fwpfa,mufxHrS onfrQavmuf
tm;tift&Sdeft[kefrsKd; ay:xGufvmvdrfhrnf[k rxifcJhMuay/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,muf\ "m;csufrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fNyD;onfESifh aemufokdYtom
qkwfay;vdkufonf/
xdak ,mufsm;MuD;ok;H a,mufukd rde;f uav;ESihf a0;&mbufoYdk rQm;ac:vdu k Nf cif; Nzpfonf/ rde;f uav;teD;wGif
olwdkY&SdaevQif rdef;uav;twGuf ydktEÅ&m,frsm;Edkifonf r[kwfygvm;/
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufwdkYonf a&SUwdk;vmMu\/ &SD;xifcsdwfrQm;ac:onfh tuGufxJokdY 0ifrdoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu pkwfwHcRefvufeufudk oGufvufpGm a0SY,rf;[efa&;NyvkdufNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wkdY b,folawGvJ? uRefawmf vufvGefaNcvGef rvkyfcsifbl;? &yfwef;u&yfMu&if aumif;r,f}}
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk a'goa&mifawmufaeaom rsufvkH;rsm;ESifh pdef;pdef;MuD;
pkdufMunfhvdkufMuonf/
]]e*g;euf*dkPf;&JU udpöxJudk 0ifrpGufzufcsifygeJY? tEÅ&m,f awGU&vdrfhr,f}}
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu cyfrmrmaNymonf/
xdkvlu e*g;euf*dkPf;\trnfudk xkwfaNymum Ncdrf;aNcmufvdkufaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfuawmh
aMumufvefYonfh trlt&mrNybJ cyfat;at;ESifh NyefaNymonf/
]]aMomf ... cifAsm;wdYk u e*g;euf*P kd ;f uud;k ? bmyJNzpfNzpf rde;f uav;udak wmh vTwaf y;zdYk awmif;yefygw,fAsm}}
]]tdk ... b,fNzpfrSmvJ? 'Drdef;uav;u usKyfwdkY&JUypönf;udk cdk;,lxm;wJh olcdk;ryJ[m}}

212
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Drdef;uav;eJU cifAsm;wdkYtMum;rSm b,fvdkNyóemawG&Sdw,f qdkwmudkawmh uRefawmfrodbl;? 'gayr,fh
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk MudK;wkyfNyD; a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufu ESdyfpuftEdkifusifhaewmudkawmh uRefawmf
vufydkufMunfhraeEdkifbl;}}
wzufvlrsm;onf pum;qufrqdkMuawmh/ aNymaevQifvnf; vkH;csmvdkufum taMumif;xl;rnfr[kwf/
tcsif;csif;rsuf&dyfNy tcsufay;NyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudk 0kdif;wdkufckdufMuavawmhonf/
onfwcg wdkufcdkufrIonf apmapmydkif;uxuf ydkrdkNyif;xefonf/ ydkrdktm;Nynfhonf/ ykdrdktuGufpdyfonf/
"m;&dyf"m;a,mifrsm; vufaeovdk "m;ckwfoHawGu w0SD;0SD; Nrnf[nf;ae\/
&S D ; xif c sd w f \ od k i f ; ynmpG r f ; &nf r S m ol w d k Y awG ; xif x m;onf x uf rsm;pG m omvG e f a eaMumif ;
tuJcwfrdonfhtwGuf zdzdpD;pD;ESifh tpGrf;ukef wdkufckdufvmMu[ef wlonf/
rdcifydkifpkusif aNymNycsuft& rdrd\zcif&SD;[kefrSm e*g;euf*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfaMumif;udk
&SD;xifcsdwf odxm;cJhonf/
rawGUzl;aom zcifudk oltvGefcspfonf/ zcifudkcspfonfhpdwfrSEG,fum e*g;euf*kdPf;tay:wGifvnf;
ypfypfcgcg rvkyf&uf/
zcif\*dkPf;rS *dkPf;wlodkif;orm;rsm;[laom todaMumifh ,ck&ifqdkifae&aom vlokH;a,mufudk
Nyif;Nyif;xefxef wdkufckdufNcif;rNyKvdk?
xdYk aMumifh wzufvrl sm;u "m;rd;k &Gmovdk w&Murf;wdu k cf u
kd v
f maomfvnf; ckcaH &Smifwrd ;f &ko H m a&Smifaeonf/
wefNyefwdkufckdufNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufwdkYonf &SD;xifcsdwf\cHppfudk xdk;azmufwdkufckdufEdkifatmif MudK;pm;Muonf/
trsKd;rsKd;tzkHzkH wdkufppfqifMuonf/
onfvdk ckcHumuG,fae&kHESifh Nyóemu at;csrf;oGm;Edkifrnf r[kwfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf awG;rdonf/
Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf; Nyefvnf rwdu k cf u
kd vf akd omfvnf; wzufvrl sm;udk OD;ESrd o f mG ;atmif enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh
wdkufppfqifNyrS Nzpfrnf[kvnf; pOf;pm;rdonf/
xdkYaMumifh cHppfcsnf;wdkufae&mrS &kwfw&uf wefNyefwdkufckdufvdkufavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLtkyfpdk; odkif;uGufykHpHtwkdif; vIyf&Sm;&if; nmvuf&Sd pkwfwHcRefvufeufNzifh
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,muf\ "m;&Snu f kd ykwx f wk v f ukd \f / aNcysuH efcsuw f pfcsuu
f ykd g qufwu dk f uefxw k v f u
kd of nf/
]]'vH ...}}
"m;&SnfESifh pkwfwHcRefvufeufwkdY xdrdonf/
pkwfwHcRefvufeuf\ &dkufykwfrI tm;t[kefrSm MuD;rm;Nyif;xefvSaomaMumifh xdkvlMuD;\ vufxJrS
"m;&SnfvGwfxGufoGm;onf/
]]zkef; ...}}
aNcysHuefcsufuvnf; xdkvlMuD;\ &ifbwfudk ususee uefrdonf/
xdkvlMuD;rSm b,fvdkrS awmifhrcHEdkif/ aNcuefcsufaMumifh vGifhpOfum aNrMuD;ay:odkY um;ceJ usoGm;onf/
aumuf&dk;Nzifh NyKvkyfxm;onfh t&kyfav;udk vTifhypfvkdufonfh toGifrsKd;/
usefvlESpfa,mufrSmvnf; taNctaerSefudk &dyfrdvdkufMuonf/ qufvufwdkufcdkufvQif rdrdwdkYyif
txdem&rnf NzpfaMumif; awG;rdMuonf/
xdkYaMumifh qufvufwdkufcdkufNcif; rNyKMuawmhbJ vJusoGm;oludkom aNy;í az;rxlay;Muonf/
]]'DaeYudpöudk e*g;euf*dkPf;u rarhygbl;? aemufaemif taMumif;qkH&if awGUMuao;wmaygh}}
a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,mufu tHMudwfí MuKH;0g;onf/
xdkYaemuf xdcdkuftemw&Nzpfoludk az;rwGJac: xGufoGm;Muavawmhonf/
vrf;rSm;udk vdkufaeaom e*g;euf*kdPf;udk &SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh rdwfaqGtNzpf todtrSwf rNyKEdkifaomfvnf;
&efol[lívnf; rowfrSwfvdkay/
odkYaomf ...
taNctaeu zefwD;vmonfudkawmh bmrQ rwwfomawmhay/
213
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdef;uav;&Sd&mokdY avQmufvSrf;oGm;\/
teD;okdYa&mufaomtcg wkyfaESmifxm;onfh MudK;rsm;udk Nzwfawmufz,f&Sm;ay;onf/
]][kdvlawG r&Sdawmhygbl;? bmrS aMumufraeygeJYawmh}}
MudK;rsm;Nzwfawmuf z,f&Sm;ay;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfu aNymonf/
&THAGufrsm; tvl;vl; ayusHaeonfh rdef;uav;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk *g&0NyKvdkufum ...
]]uRefr&JU toufeYJ t&Suu f kd umuG,u f ,fwifay;wJt h wGuf trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f tpfuakd v;&,f}}
]]udpör&Sdygbl;? MuKHMudKufvdkY ulnDvdkufwmyg? uJ ... rif;vJ oGm;p&m&Sdwmudk oGm;ayawmh? wdkYvJ
oGm;awmhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNymNyD;onfESifh aemufvSnfhum avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;onf/
]]tpfukdav; cPavmuf}}
rdef;uav;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk r&Jw&J vSrf;wm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; aNcvSrf;udk&yfum aemufvSnfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]bmvJ rdef;uav;? bmrsm; ulnDp&m vdkao;vkdYvJ}}
trSefpifppf &SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkrdef;uav;udk vlae&yf&Gm wpfae&m&modkYa&mufatmif vdkufydkYay;vdkaom
qE´&Sdonf/
xdkrdef;uav;onf rnfonfhNyóem t&Iyft&Sif;rQ r&SdbJ ab;'ku©awGUaeonfh omrefrdef;rysKd
wpfa,mufomNzpfvQif tprStqkH; tppt&m&mulnD vkyfaqmifay;rnf Nzpfonf/
,ckrl taNctaeu xdkokdYr[kwfay/
&S;D xifcsdwf Mum;odc&hJ onfh pum;rsm;t& xdrk ed ;f uav;onf ,Ge;f bl;eufuav;udk ck;d ,lNyD;xGuaf Ny;vmol
Nzpfaeonf/ Nyóemt&Iyft&Sif;rsm; &Sdaeonf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk MudK;rsm;Nzifh wkyfaESmifNyD; a,mufsm;MuD;okH;a,mufu &dkufESufESdyfpufum
tEdkifusifhaeonfudk awGU&onfhtwGuf MunfhraeomaomaMumifhom yg0ifpGufzufcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
rdef;uav;onf tEdkifusifhapmfum;cH&rnfh ab;tEÅ&m,frS uif;vGwfoGm;NyDNzpf&m &SD;xifcsdwfonf
xdkrdef;uav;udk wrifyifxm;cJhum a&SmifxGufcJhNcif; Nzpfay\/
rdef;rysKdu vSrf;ac:aeonfhtwGuf rwwfombJ aNcvSrf;udk&yfum vSnfhMunfhar;Nref;&avawmhonf/
rdef;uav;onf wpkHw&m aNymvdk[ef&Sdaomfvnf; EIwfr&JonfhtoGifNzifh &kwfw&uf pum;rqdkEdkifbJ
&Sdaeonf/
]]bmaNymcsifvdkYvJ rdef;uav;? aNymp&m&Sd&if aNymEdkifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu pum;vrf;aMumif; ay;vkdufonf/
]][kdav ... uRefrudk 'D ... 'DvdkyJ xm;ypfcJhawmhrSmvm;}}
rdef;uav;u r&Jw&JaNymonf/
]]wdkYwwfEdkifoavmuf ulnDay;cJhNyD;NyDyJ? tck rif;udk&efNyKr,fh vlawGvJ r&Sdawmhbl;? 'Dawmh
udk,foGm;p&m&Sd&mudk oGm;&kHyJ &Sdawmhwmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xGufoGm;&ef aNcvSrf; vSrf;vdkufonf/
aNcvSrf;om Nyifrdonf/ avQmufvSrf;oGm;Ncif;um; rNyKEdkif/
nSdK;a&mfaeonfh rdef;uav;\toGifESifh toem;cHovdk Munfhaeaom tMunfhwdkYu &SD;xifcsdwfaNcvSrf;udk
qGJxm;ovdk Nzpfaeonf/
rdef;rysKdonf rsufESmwGif ayusHaeaom &THUrsm;udk wwfEdkiforQ vufNzifhoyfcs&if; tm;ukd;wMuD;ESifh
aNymqdkNyefonf/
]]tpfudkav; xGufoGm;&if olwdkYu uRefrudk Nyefzrf;MuOD;rSm&Sifh od&JUvm;}}
]]'gqdk&if wdkYu bmrsm;vkyfay;&rSmvJ}}
]][kdav NzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if tpfukdav;eJYtwl uRefrvdkufcJhyg&ap}}
rdef;uav;onf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf &Sufudk;&Sufuef;ESifh acgif;av;udk ikHYvkdufonf/
214
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyif tusyfawGUoGm;onf/
rd r d o nf aNcovk H ; td r f w d k i f a&muf & mayguf & m avQmuf o G m ;aeol w pf a ,muf Nzpf o nf h t wG u f
rdef;uav;tm;ac:oGm;í rNzpfEdkifaMumif; aNymcsifaomfvnf; EIwfrSrxGufay/
&THUAGufrsm;tvl;vl;ESifh &kyfyifaumif;pGmray:atmif aya&aeaom rdef;uav;udkMunfhum pdwf&IyfpGm
acgif;udkom cg,rf;rdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pdwfaumif;&Sdum ulnDwwfolNzpfonf/
rdrdudktm;udk;wMuD;ESifh aNymqdkawmif;yefaom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk ypfypfcgcg aNymqdkNcif; rNyK&uf/
aemufqkH;wGif rdef;rysKdudk [efMuLNrdKUokdY ydkYay;&ef qkH;NzwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]tck wkdYu [efMuLNrdKUudkoGm;rvdkY? rif;vkdufcsif&ifvJ vdkufcJhaygh}}
]][m ... 0rf;omvdkufwm&Sif}}
rdef;uav;u tm;wufoa&m aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf [efMuLNrdKUbufokdY a&SU&Ium avQmufvSrf;xGufoGm;onf/
rdef;uav;rSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufrS vkdufygoGm;avawmhonf/
rdk;onf apmapmuxufydkí cyfoJoJ&Gmcsvmonf/
rdk;Ncdrf;oHrsm; w*sdrf;*sdrf; ay:xGufvmovdk vQyfpD;rsm;vnf; NydK;ceJNyufceJ vufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf [efMuLNrdKUbufokdY a&S;&Ium aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh avQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
rdef;uav;uvnf; olUaemufrS waumufaumufvkdufyg vmcJhonf/
tumtaqmif;rygbJ oJoJrJrJ &GmoGef;aeonfh rdk;a&xJwGif vrf;avQmufoGm;aeMuaom &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk
vrf;wGifawGU&olrsm;u txl;tqef;ozG,f MunfhoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfurl 'gawGudk *&krpkdufEdkifyg/
ol w nf ; cd k a exd k i f & m wnf ; ck d q d k i f o k d Y tNref q k H ; a&muf a tmif o m aNcvS r f ; oG u f o G u f N zif h
avQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
aemufokdYvSrf;íyif rMunfhrd/
wnf;cdkqdkifa&SUokdY a&mufaomtcgwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwfonf aemufokdYvSnfhum rdef;uav;udk Munfhonf/
olUaemufrSvdkufvmonfh &THUtvl;vl; ayusHaeaom rdef;uav;udk rawGU&awmh/
]][if ... [kdrdef;uav; b,fa&mufoGm;ygvdrfh}}
pdwfxJrS wtHhwMo a&&Gwf&if; [kd[kdonfonf vdkuf&SmMunfhonf/
]]tpfudkav; ... bmudk vdkuf&SmaewmvJ}}
wnf;ckdqdkif t0if0em;wGif &yfaeaom toufq,fhaNcmufESpfcefY&Sdonfh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufu
&SD;xifcsdwfudkar;onf/
rdef;uav;rSm ESmwHay:ay:? rsufvkH;MunfMunf? rsufawmifaumhaumhESifh tawmfyif acsmarmvSyonf/
a&pk d a eonf h qH E G , f p rsm;ud k yif h x m;onf h t wG u f aNyNypf a om ezl ; Nyif u av;uvnf ; vS y pG m
ay:vGifaeao;onf/
t0wftpm;rsm;onf rdk;a&rsm;pkd&TJaeoNzifh ukd,fcE¨mwGif csyfcsyf&yf&yfNzpfae&m uspfvspftcsKd;usaom
obm0tvSonf yDNyifpGm&Sdaeonf/ xdkrdef;uav;\toHrSm rdrdaemufrSvdkufvmonfh rdef;uav;toHESifh
qifqifwlaeaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfOD;aESmufaNcmufoGm;onf/
]][kd ... rif; ... rif; ... [dk}}
]]tpfudkav; ... b,fvdkNzpfaewmvJ}}
þtcgwGifrS ,ck rdrda&SUwGif&Sdaeonfh rdef;uav;rSm rdrd\aemufrS vdkufygvmolav;yif NzpfaMumif;udk
&SD;xifcsdwf rSwfrdoGm;avawmhonf/
xdkrdef;uav;rSm &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufrS vdkufygvmcJhpOfu wpfukd,fvkH; &THUawGtvl;vl;Nzpfum vl&kyfyif
ray:cJhay/

215
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
okdYaomf oJoJrJrJ&GmoGef;aeaom rdk;a&rsm;u rdef;rysKd\udk,fay:rS &THUEGHrsm;udk a&csKd;ay;ovdk
oefYpifoGm;apcJhonf/
aemufokdYvSnfhrMunfhbJ aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifhom avQmufvSrf;vmcJhaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm xdktNzpfudk
owdrNyKrdcJhay/
wnf;ckdqkdifa&SUodkYa&mufNyD; vSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcgwGif &THUEGHrsm;oefYpifum yifudk&kyf&nftwkdif;Nzpfaeol
rdef;uav;udk &kwfw&ufrrSwfrdbJ &SdaeNcif;Nzpfonf/
rdef;uav;\tvStyrsm;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk nSdKU,lzrf;pm;vkdufonf/
wuk d , f v k H ; rd k ; a&rsm;pd k & T J u m ausmuf q pf & k y f w pf c k E S , f tvS a wG M uG , f a eaom rd e f ; uav;ud k
ai;pkdufMunfhaerdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\&ifrSm w'def;'def;ckefaeonf/ olUwoufwmwGif onfvdktNzpfrsKd; wpfMudrfrQ rMuKHzl;ao;ay/
]]bmNzpfvkdY 'DavmufMunfhae&wmvJ tpfudkav;&JU}}
rdef;uav;u NyKH;NyKH;av;ESifh aNymvdkufNyefonf/
onftcgwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwfrSm owdNyef0ifvmum ...
]][kd ... [kd ... 'gwdkYwnf;cdkaewJh wnf;cdkqdkifyJ}}
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJh}}
rdef;uav;u xdkokdYaNym&if; rsufvkH;av;0ifhum &SD;xifcsdwfudk Munfhvdkufonf/ xdktMunfhonf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ESvkH;om;udk wodrfhodrfhvIyf&Sm;oGm;apcJhonf/
]]MuGMuygcifAsm ... MuGMuyg? uRefawmfwdkY &Tifaysmfaysmf wnf;cdkqdkifu MudKqdkygw,f}}
qdkiftvkyform;wpfa,muf\ MudKqdkoHudk Mum;&aomtcgrS &SD;xifcsdwfonf qdkif0wGifMumNrifhpGm
&yfaerdaMumif; oabmaygufrdum wnf;cdkqdkifxJokdY avQmufvSrf;0ifoGm;onf/
rdef;uav;uvnf; acgif;ikHYvsuf aemufrSvdkufygoGm;\/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdef;uav;tm; oliSm;&rf;aexdkifaom wnf;cdkcef;xJodkY ac:oGm;onf/
]]uJ ... wdkYESpfa,mufvkH; rdk;a&awG wpfudk,fvkH;pkd&TJaeawmh t0wftpm;awGvJrS Nzpfr,f? EdkYr[kwf&if
tat;rdNyD; zsm;ukev f rd rhf ,f? wdYk rmS awmh rde;f uav;t0wftpm; r&Sb d ;l ? 'Dawmh wdYk rmS &Sw
d hJ t0wftpm;udyk J vJ0wfaygh?
rif;twGuf tqifaNyyghrvm;awmh rodbl;}}
tcef;xJokdYa&mufaomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfu xdkokdYaNymvdkufNyD; t0wfxkyfxJrS rdrd\0wfpkHwpfpkHudk xkwfum
rdef;uav;udkay;vdkufonf/
]]Nzpfygw,f&Sif? tpfudkav;om tNyifudk cPxGufay;yg? uRefrtckyJ t0wftpm; vJvdkufr,f}}
a&csKd;um t0wftpm;rsm; vJv, S 0f wfqifMuNyD;aemuf &S;D xifcsdwEf iS hf rde;f uav;wdYk onf vufzuf&nfMurf;
ylylaomufum tcsKdrkefYrsm;udk tqmaNy pm;aomufMuonf/
MunfvifoefY&Sif;aeaom rdef;uav;\rsufESmonf 0wfxm;aom0wfpkHNzLESifh vdkufzufvSonf[k
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
0wfxm;aom 0wfpkHNzLonf tenf;i,fyGa&mif;a&mif; Nzpfaeaomfvnf; aMumh&Sif;tcsKd;usaom
rdef;uav;\ udk,fcE¨mtvSuawmh ay:vGifaeygao;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdef;uav;udk ckd;Munfhvdkufonf/
rdef;rysKduvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfudk rsufvTmyifhum MunfhvdkufonfNzpf&m tMunfhcsif;qkHoGm;Muonf/
ESpfa,mufom; NyKH;rdMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu &SufNyKH;? rdef;uav;u MunfEl;ESpfodrfhonfh tNyKH;/
&SD;xifcsdwfu tMunfhudk vTJz,fvdkufcsdefwGif rdef;rysKdav;u pum;r&Sdpum;&Smum aNymqdkvmonf/
]]uRefrtaMumif;awGudk aNymNyr,f? em;axmifcsifovm;[if ...}}

216
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (24)
rdef;rysKdav;u pum;r&Sdpum;&Sm aNymqdkvmonf/
]]uRefrtaMumif;awGudk aNymNyr,f? em;axmifrSmvm;[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; ...
]]tif; ...}}
wu,fawmh &SD;xifcsdwfonf rdef;uav;trnfudk ar;Munfhvdkonf/ rdef;uav;taMumif;udkvnf;
odvdkonf/
okdYaomf ar;&rSm&Suf&GHUaeaomaMumifh pum;r[&JbJNzpfae&m rdef;uav;u pvmonfhtwGuf
[efusoGm;onf/
]]uRefremrnf ,efzdefzdefvdkYac:w,f}}
]]aMomf ... ,efzdefzdefwJhvm;}}
,efzdefzdefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk rsufvTmyifhum MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]bmvJ tJ'Demrnfu raumif;vdkYvm;}}
]],efzed zf ed q
f w
kd m Mumyef;vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&wmyJ[m? odyaf umif;wJh emrnfaygh? 'Demrnfu vleYJ vv J u
kd yf gw,f}}
þpum;aNymvd k u f N yD ; aemuf rd e f ; uav;ud k rsuf E S m csif ; qd k i f & rS m r&J o vd k N zpf u m &S D ; xif c sd w f
rsufvTmcsxm;vdkufonf/
,efzdefzdefu vSypGmNyKH;vkdufonf/ auseyfyDwdNzpfaom tNyKH;/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pum;rSm ,efzdefzdefudk Mumyef;av;vdkvSonf[k oG,f0dkufaNymvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
rdef;uav;wdkif;onf olwdkYudkvSyonf[k aNymqdkcsD;rGrf;vQif MunfEl;ESpfoufNrJ r[kwfygvm;/
217
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Du nDrudk wpfckar;csifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu pum;pvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkuvJ uRefremrnf zdefzdefygvdkY aNymNyD;NyDyJ[m? 'DuawGbmawG vkyfae&ao;w,f? bmvJ?
uRefremrnfudk csufcsif;arhoGm;vkdYvm;}}
zdefzdefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk rsufpav;csDumMunfh&if; ar;vdkufonf/
]]wdkYu rarhwwfygbl;? [kd ... tJ ... zdefzdefuaum e*g;euf*dkPf;uvlawGudk aNymvdkufovdk wu,fyJ
arhwwfovm;}}
,efzdefzdefu cspfp&mtNyKH;av; NyKH;vdkufum ...
]]cpfcpfcpf ... [kdvlawGudk uRefru oufoufrJh vSnhfpm;vkdufwmyg? 'DvdkrS vSnfhpm;NyD; raNym&if olwdkYu
uRefrudk Ncdrf;aNcmuf&kdufESufMurSm&Sifh}}
]]olwdkY&JUypönf;udkaum rif;u wu,fyJ cdk;,lcJhwmvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\taNymu zdefzdeftm; olcdk;rav;Nzpfonf[k aNAmifzGifh[pGyfpGJNcif; rNyK&kHwrnfrdkY zdefzdefrSm
rsufarSmifav;MuKwfoGm;onf/
]][m ... b,fuvm olwdkY[mudk rcdk;ygbl;aemf? ,l&kHom,lvmcJhwmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm ,efzdefzdef\pum;udk em;rvnfEdkifatmif Nzpfrdonf/
]]rif;aNymovdk cd;k vmwmr[kwb f J ,l&u
Hk av;,lwmyJ xm;vdu k yf g? tckow
l Ykdu Nyefawmif;aewm bmaMumifh
xkwfray;&wmvJ}}
]]bmqdkifvdkY Nyefay;&rSmvJ? olwdkYykdifwJh ypönf;rSr[kwfwm? Nyefray;Edkifygbl;}}
]]olwdkY[mr[kwfayr,fh olwdkYu vkdufawmif;aewmudk xkwfay;vdkuf&if Nyóemr&Iyfawmhbl;aygh?
tJ'Dypönf;ydkif&SifeJY olwdkYeJY Nyóem&Sif;p&m&Sdwm &Sif;Muyapaygh? tckawmh Munfhprf; rif;[m Mum;xJuaeNyD;
'ku©a&mufawmhrvdkY enf;enf;av;yJvkdawmhw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tdk; ... ray;Edkifygbl;? ydkif&SifvJ r[kwfbJeJY? 'DvdkMum;u 0ifvmawmif;wdkif;ay;&&if uRefravmufrdkufwJhvl
avmurSm&SdawmhrSm r[kwfbl;}}
,efzdefzdefu EIwfcrf;plvsuf toHpmpmav;ESifh aNymonf/
]]at;av ... 'guawmh rif;oabmeJYrif;aygh? wdkYu apwemeJYaNymwmyg? &efawmh awGUraeygeJY}}
,efzdefzdefu cpfceJ &,farmvdkufNyD; ...
]]tpfudkYudk &efawGUwmr[kwfygbl;? pum;aNym NrefoGm;wmygaemf}}
]]'gqdk&if 'Dypönf;u b,folYypönf;vJ}}
,efzdefzdef\ rsufESmtrlt&m wnfMunfoGm;um ...
]]'gudkawmh uRefr rodbl;}}
]]zdezf ed &f ,f ... rif;bmawG avQmufvyk af ewmvJ? 'Dvv dk yk af ewm[m rif;twGuf tEÅ&m,foyd rf sm;w,fqw kd m
oabmaygufOD;aemf}}
&SD;xifcsdwfavoHu &if;ESD;[efygvmonf/ ,efzdefzdefu bmrQNyefraNym/ acgif;av;udkom ikHYxm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efzdefzdefudk wpfcsufpl;pkdufMunfhvkdufNyD; ...
]]rif; toufi,fi,fav;yJ &Sad o;w,f? bmaMumifrh sm; t&Iyt f &Si;f NyóemawGMum;xJrmS 0ifygcsif&wmvJ?
rif;rSm rdbawGr&Sdbl;vm;}}
,efzdefzdef\udk,frSm qwfceJvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/ rsufpdrsufESmvnf; ysufoGm;onf/
]]tdk ... rodbl; ... rodbl;? tJ'gawG rar;eJY}}
,efzdefzdefu wl;wl;cg;cg;yif aNymonf/
&kwfw&uf aNymif;vJoGm;aom trlt&maMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tHhMooGm;&onf/
rd b rsm;taMumif ; ud k trS w f r xif pum;prd o nf E S i f h ,ef z d e f z d e f bmaMumif h þrQavmuf
trlt&mysufoGm;&oenf;/
rdbrsm;ESifhywfoufí emusnf;p&mwpfckck &Sdaeívm;/
218
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]Nznf;Nznf;aNymvJ &ygw,f zdefzdef&,f? rif;rMudKufbl;qdk&if 'DtaMumif;udk raNymawmhygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNzodrfhpum;qdkonf/
,efzdefzdefonf rsufESmtrlt&mudk NyefvnfNyKNyif&if; avoHwdk;wkd;Nzifh ...
]][kwfuJh? aemufqdk&if Nznf;Nznf;aNymyghr,f}}
,efzdefzdefonf olYrdbtaMumif;udk aNymvdk[efr&Sdonfudk tuJcwfrdonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfu
pum;vrf;aMumif; aNymif;vdkufonf/
]]e*g;euf*dkPf;om;awG vdkcsifwJhypönf;udk b,frSm0Sufxm;rdw,f qdkwmudkaum rif;aNymNyEdkifrvm;?
rif;arhaew,fqdkwm wu,fyJvm;}}
]]b,fuvm arh&rSmvJ tpfudkav;&m? [kdvlawGudk vdrfaNymvdkufwmvdkY aNymNyD;NyDyJ[mudk}}
]][kwfNyD? 'gqdk tJ'Dypönf;taMumif;udk aNymNyygvm;}}
]]tpfukdav;udk uRefr aNymNyEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DNrdKUrSmawmh 'DtaMumif;udk raNymcsifao;bl;}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ? wpfa,mufa,mufu acsmif;em;axmifaerSm pdk;vdkYvm;}}
,efzdefzdefu acgif;ndwfNyonf/
]]rif;u awmfawmfoHo,rsm;wwfwmudk;}}
]]uRefru oHo,rsm;wwfayr,fh tpfuakd v;tay:awmh oHo,r&Syd gbl;? tpfuakd v;udk uRefr ,kyH gw,f}}
rdrdu pdwfaumif;apwemaumif;xm;um ulnDcJhonfhtwGuf ,efzdefzdefuvnf; rdrdtay: wkHYNyef,kHMunfrI
&SdNcif;Nzpfrnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf &dk;om;pGmyif awG;rdonf/
]]rif; b,fudkqufNyD; oGm;r,f pdwful;xm;ovJ}}
,efzdefzdefonf Munfvif0kdif;pufaom rsufvkH;av;Nzifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]uRefr b,fudkoGm;&r,fqdkwm rodbl;? tpfudkav;eJYyJ twlwlvdkufvdkY&&if vdkufcsifw,f?
Nzpfrvm;[if ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwf wpfcsufawGa0oGm;onf/ ,efzdefzdefudk nDrav;t&if;wpfa,mufvdk olcifrifvmrdonf/
rsufpdoli,f em;oli,fESifh ypfrxm;cJh&uf/ wcPrQ pOf;pm;NyD; ...
]]tif;av ... rif;vdkufcsifw,fqdk&ifvJ vdkufcJhaygh? wdkYu reufNzefqdk&if c&D;qufr,f? uJ ...
rif;wnf;cdkaeEdkifzkdY tcef;wpfcef; oGm;pDpOfvdkufOD;r,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf tcef;NyifodkY xGufoGm;avonf/

-------------------------------------------------------------

0rf;tifarmufonf wnf;cdkcef;odkYNyefvmum rdrd\tcef;xJwGif t&ufxdkifaomuf&if; &SD;xifcsdwfudk


apmifhaeonf/
rdk;oJoJrJrJ &Gmaeí t&ufuvnf; aomufaumif;aumif;rdkY tm;&yg;&aomufvdkuf&m trl;vGefNyD;
tdyfaysmfoGm;aomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY NyefvmMuonfudkyif rodawmhay/
aemuf w pf a eY rd k ; vif ; onf h w d k i f 0rf ; tif a rmuf rEd k ; ao;/ &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf rd r d \ tcef ; xJ o k d Y
eHeufpmrSmMum;um ,efzdefzdefESifhtwl pm;aomufonf/
0rf;tifarmuftaMumif; odoifhonfrsm;udk ,efzdefzdeftm; aNymMum;NyD;aemuf ,efzdefzdeftwGuf
t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh tNcm;vdktyfonfhypönf;rsm; 0,f,l&ef NrdKUxJodkY xGufvmcJhonf/
usef;atmh towfcH&rI aNz&Sif;oGm;NyD;aemuf cg;ydkufEIdufcH&onfh aiGrsm;vnf; Nyef&cJhaomaMumifh
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aiGaMu;zlzlvkHvkH &Sdaeonf/
aerGef;wnfhcsdefavmufrS 0rf;tifarmuf tdyf&mu Edk;vmonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf rsufESmopfNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwf\ tcef;bufokdY vmcJhonf/ rsufpduef;aeaomfvnf;
rSwfÓPfaumif;oNzifh wpfcgoGm;zl;aom vrf;udk trSm;t,Gif;r&Sdatmif oGm;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/
]]a[; ... &SD;xifcsdwf ...}}
219
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tcef;a&SUokdY a&mufaomtcg toHNyKvdkufonf/
tcef;wHcg;&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;vmaomaNcoHudk 0rf;tifarmuf Mum;&onf/
trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf\ aNcoHNzpfaeaomaMumifh olthHMooGm;onf/
xdkYaemuf wHcg;zGihfoHESifhtwl rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ pum;oHudk Mum;&onf/
]]tpfudkav; tNyifoGm;aeygw,f OD;OD;0rf;? OD;OD;0rf; bmrsm; ckdif;csifwm&SdvdkYvJ? tpfudkav;udk,fpm;
uRefrvkyfay;yghr,f}}
&if;&if;ESD;ESD;aNymvdkufaom pum;rsm;aMumifh 0rf;tifarmufrSm tHhMooGm;&onf/
]]tvdk rif; ... rif;u ...}}
]]uRefru tpfudkav;&JU [kd ... rdwfaqGyg? uRefremrnf ,efzdefzdefvdkY ac:ygw,f}}
,efzdefzdefu olrukd,folr rdwfqufay;vdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmufu acgif;ndwf&if; Nidrfaeonf/
Mum;&onf h Munf v if c sKd a t;aom pum;oH u d k rl w nf u m ,ef z d e f z d e f o nf acsmarmvS y onf h
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf[k 0rf;tifarmuf awG;rdonf/
]]OD;OD;0rf; bmrsm; cdkif;p&m&SdvdkYvJ [if}}
,efzdefzdefu xyfar;Nyefonf/ 0rf;tifarmufu pl;prf;vdkoNzifh ...
]]xifcsdwfu bmvkyfzkdY tNyifudk xGufoGm;wmvJ}}
]]uRefrtwGuf t0wftpm;awG&,f? wNcm;vkdtyfwmav;awG&,f oGm;0,fr,fvdkY aNymoGm;wmyJ OD;OD;}}
þpum;aMumifh 0rf;tifarmuf\pdwfxJwGif &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYudk wpfrsKd;wpfrnf xifrdonf/
]]acwfumv om;orD;awGrsm; w,fvJ NrefMuygvm;? 'Drdef;uav;[m t0wfwpfxnf ukd,fwpfckeJY
xifcsdwfaemufudk vdkufvmwm Nzpfvdrfhr,f}}
0rf;tifarmufonf xdkokdYawG;awmum EIwfrSvnf; ...
]]aMomf ... at;at;? 'gqdkvJ NyD;wmygyJ? ighwl xifcsdwfu vl&dk;vlat;yg? rif;tzkdY olUudk pdwfcs,kHMunf
tm;udk;Edkifygw,f}}
0rf;tifarmufu wpfrsKd;awG;um aNymMum;onfudk ,efzdefzdefu oabm&dk;[k xifum ...
]][k w f y gw,f OD ; OD ; aNymovd k y J tpf u d k a v;[m &d k ; om;ygw,f ? 'gaMumif h v nf ; uRef r u
,kHMunftm;udk;aewmaygh}}
0rf ; tif a rmuf o nf vl M uD ; wpf a ,muf N zpf o nf h t wk d i f ; ,ef z d e f z d e f t wG u f pmemawG ; awmum
ar;Nref;vdkufNyefonf/
]]'geJY wlrMuD;&JU rdbrsm;aum 'Dudk vkdufvmMuovm;uG,fh}}
þar;cGef;onf ,efzdefzdefudk pdwfusOf;usyfoGm;apcJhonf/
,efzdefzdefrSm b,fvdkNyeftaNzay;&rnfudkyif roday/
]][kd ... [kd ... r ... rodygbl;&Sif}}
,efzdefzdefu pdwfxJ&Sdonfhtwdkif; xkwfaNymvdkufonf/
]]tif; ... 'DvdkqdkawmhvJ b,faumif;yghrvJuG,f? vlMuD;rdbqdkwm om;orD;awGtay: pdwfqdk;vJ cPaygh?
aemufrSyJ taMumif;pkH&Sif;NyNyD; awmif;yefvkduf [kwfvm;}}
,ef z d e f z d e f r S m 0rf ; tif a rmuf bmud k q d k v d k a Mumif ; em;rvnf a omf v nf ; a&ma,mif u m
acgif;ndwfvdkufNyD; ...
]][kwfuJh&Sifh}}
]]at;at; ... xifcsdwfNyefvm&ifom ighqDvTwfvdkuf}}
]][kwfuJh ... [kwfuJh}}
0rf;tifarmufonf olUtcef;odkY NyefoGm;onf/
rMumrDrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwf aps;0,fxGuf&mrS Nyefa&mufvmonf/
,efzdefzdefonf &SD;xifcsdwf 0,f,lvmaom t0wftpm;ESifh ypönf;udk vufcH,lvkdufNyD; ...
220
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]apmapmu OD;OD;0rf; vmoGm;ao;w,f? tpfudkav; Nyefa&mufvm&if olUqDudk vTwfvkdufygwJh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf acgif;ndwfNyNyD;aemuf 0rf;tifarmuf\ tcef;xJokdY vmcJhonf/
]]xifcsdwfvm;a[h? wHcg;udk aph&kHom aphxm;w,f? wGef;0ifcJh}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcoHudkusufrdaeaom 0rf;tifarmufu tcef;xJrS atmfaNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aphxm;aomwHcg;udk wGef;zGifhNyD; tcef;xJ0ifoGm;onf/
]]b,f v d k v J xif c sd w f ? rif ; u od y f [ k w f a eygvm;? trsKd ; orD ; t0wf t pm;awG bmawG a wmif
xGuf0,fay;wwfaeNyDyJ [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
tcef;xJokdY &SD;xifcsdwf 0ifa&mufoGm;onfESifh 0rf;tifarmufu &,farmum qD;aNymonf/
]]'guawmh b,fwwfEdkifrSmvJ OD;OD;&m? taNctaeu zefvmawmhvJ vkyf&wmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefaNymonf/
0rf;tifarmufu wpfrsKd;wpfrnf txifESifhaNymNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfurl oabm&kd;ESifh NyefaNymaeNcif; Nzpfonf/
]]tif; ... rif;u &dk;rvdkvdkeJY tawmfudkoGufwJh aumifav;yJudk;uG}}
]]uRefawmfu bmawGrsm; vkyfaevdkYvJ OD;OD;&JU}}
]][m ... rif;ursm; Nyefar;ae&ao;w,f? tckvdk NzKef;ceJ'dkif;ceJ rdef;rwpfa,muf aumuf,lvdkufwmu
roGufvkdY bmvJuG [m; [m; [m;? usvJ uswJhaumifuGm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tHhtm;oifhoGm;um ...
]]Asm ... uRefawmfu b,frdef;rudk ,lvdkYvJ? OD;OD;t&ufrl;NyD; aygufu&awG avQmufxifukefNyDrSwfw,f}}
]]a[h ... a[h rif;u ighudk aNAmifvdrfcsifvdkYvm;? 0g;Eku0g;&ifhukd NyefNyD;ywfvdkY r&ygbl;? igtukefodNyD;NyD?
rif;aumifrav;eJYawmif igpum;aNymcJh&NyD;NyD? toHu w,fMunfvifwmyJ? &kyfacsmrSmuawmh oHo,Nzpfp&m
r&Sdbl;? tif; ... &kyfacsmvdkYvJ ighwlMuD; wcgwnf; ypfusoGm;NyD; ighukdawmif rwdkifyifEdkifatmif NzpfoGm;&wmudk;uG}}
]]OD;OD;u zdefzdefudk aNymaewmvm;}}
]]at; ...}}
]][m ... rSm;ukefNyD? zdefzdefMum;oGm;&if tm;emp&mAsm}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ rsufESmwpfckvkH; eD&JoGm;onf/
]]'gqdk&if zdefzdefeJY rif;eJYu [kd ... [kd bmrSrqdkifMubl;aygh}}
]][kwfw,f? bmrSrqdkifMubl;? uRefawmf b,fwkef;u nmaNymzl;vdkYvJ}}
]]t&ifu rnmwwfayr,fh 'grsKd;eJYusawmh vdrfnmaNymwwfwm obm0yJuG}}
]]OD;OD;eJYawmh cufaeygNyD}}
]]igoleJYpum;aNymwkef;u bmaMumifholu rif;eJY ywfoufaeovdkvdk aNymcJhwmvJ}}
]]OD;OD;wdkYaNymMuwJh pum;awGudk uRefawmfMum;&wmrS r[kwfwm? b,fvdkvkyf aNymEdkifrSmvJ? tJ ...
wpfckawmh&Sdw,f? wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf t"dyÜm,fwpfrsKd;pD aumufNyD; aNymcJhMuwmrsm; Nzpfaervm;}}
]]at; ... rif;aNymwm NzpfEdkifw,f? igaNymcJhwJhpum;awGu r&Sif;r&Sif; Nzpfaeovdk olNyefaNymwmuvJ
a&a&&m&mr[kwfovdkyJuG}}
xd k t csd e f r S m yif ,ef z d e f z d e f tcef ; xJ o k d Y avQmuf v S r f ; 0if a &muf v maomaMumif h &S D ; xif c sd w f E S i f h
0rf;tifarmufwdkYESpfa,mufrSm pum;pNywfoGm;Mu\/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efzdefzdeftwGuf t0ga&mif0wfpkHESifh yef;Eka&mif0wfpkHwdkY 0,f,lvmcJh&mrS ,ck,efzdefzdefu
t0ga&mif0wfpkHav;udk 0wfxm;onf/
rdef;uav;wdkY\ obm0twkdif; ,efzdefzdefonf t0wftpm;opf&onfhtwGuf aysmf&Tifaeonf/
]]tpfudkav;u uRefreJYvdkufr,fh t0wftpm;awG a&G;t0,fwwfom;yJ? 'DrSmMunfhygOD; OD;OD;0rf;?
'Dt0ga&mif0wfpkHav;u uRefreJYvkdufw,f r[kwfvm;}}
,efzdefzdefu uav;i,fwpfa,mufyrm NrL;NrL;MuGMuGav; ar;vdkufonf/
0if;rGwfaom tom;ta&&Sdonfh ,efzdefzdefrSm t0ga&mif0wfpkHav;ESifh tvGefvdkufzufum vStm;awG
MuG,faeonf/
221
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tvSMuD;vSaeaom ,efzdefzdefudk MunfEl;ESpfodrfhpGm Munfhaeonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf ,efzdefzdef\tar;udk raNzbJ NyKH;&,fíom aeonf/
]]zdefzdef ... bmawGvmar;aewmvJ? OD;OD;0rf;u rsufpdrNrifbl;[}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm rwwfombJ Mum;0ifaNymvdkuf&onf/
]]&Sif ...}}
,efzdefzdefrSm tHhtm;oifhoGm;um &Suf&GHUtm;emonfh trlt&mav;Nzifh 0rf;tifarmufudk Munfhvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f rdef;uav;&JU? xifcsdwfaNymwm rSefw,f? igu rsufpduef;aewJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? rif;udk
rNrifEdkifayr,fh toHMum;&wmeJY rif;[m vSyacsmarmwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufNzpfrSef; igodygw,f? tck0wfxm;wJh
t0wftpm;uvJ rif;eJYvkdufzufrSmygyJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu xdkokdYaNym&if; trlt&m av;eufwnfMunfoGm;um ...
]][dwf ... tcef;Nyifu b,folvJ}}
aysmf&Tifaeonfh taNctaerSm &kwfNcnf;yif wif;rmat;pufoGm;onf/
,efzdefzdefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhvdkufMuonf/
tNyifwGif rnfol a&mufaeoenf;/
&efolavm/
rdwfaqGavm/
aph&kHomaphxm;aom tcef;wHcg; yGifhoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY vSrf;MunfhvdkufMu&m tcef;0wGif &yfaeaom vlokH;a,mufudk awGU&onf/
a&SUqkH;uvlonf 00zdkifhzdkifhNzpfum tzdk;wef t0wftpm;rsm;udk om;em;cefYxnfpGm 0wfqifxm;onf/
rsufESmtrlt&muvnf; tawmfyifcsKdonf/
aemufbufwGif &yfaeolESpfa,mufurl teufa&mif0wfpkHrsm;udk 0wfxm;MuNyD; rsufESmtrlt&m
wif;rmonf/
]]usKyfwdkYudk tcef;xJ 0ifcGifhNyKyg}}
00zdkifhzdkifvlMuD;u NyKH;&,fum cGifhyefonf/
]]0ifvmcJhMuyg}}
0rf;tifarmufu cGifhNyKvdkufonf/
00zdkifhzkdifhvlMuD; a&SUaqmifum 0wfpkHeuf0wf vlESpfa,mufu aemufrSvdkufygvsuf tcef;xJokdY
0ifvmMuonf/
xdkvlokH;a,muf tcef;xJokdY 0ifvmonfudk awGUvdkuf&onfESifh ,efzdefzdefonf &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufem;odkY
oGm;&yfaevdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ vufarmif;udkvnf; tm;udk;wMuD; qkyfudkifxm;\/
]]bmudpövJqdkwm aNymprf;ygOD;}}
0rf;tifarmufu ar;onf/
]]rdwfaqGMuD;wdkYudk taESmifht,Sufay;ovdk NzpfoGm;wm tEl;tnGwfawmif;yefygw,f? usKyfwdkYvm&wJh
udpöu a[m'Drdef;uav;eJY ywfoufygw,f}}
00zkdifhzdkifhvlMuD;u ,efzdefzdefbufokdY rsuf&dyfwpfcsufNyNyD; aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efzdefzdefudk vSnfhMunfhonf/
,efzdefzdefonf 00zdkifhzkdifhvlMuD;buf rsufESmrlvdkufNyD; ...
]]'Dr,f tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD; &kefvGef? &SifwdkYu uRefrtwGufaMumifh a&mufvmMuwmqdkawmh [kdypönf;udk
vdkcsifvkdYyJ r[kwfvm;}}
&kefvGefonf yg;pkHYMuD;rsm; ay:vmatmifyif tm;&yg;& NyKH;&,fvdkufum ...
]][m ... odyf[kwfwmaygh? ypönf;om&&if rdef;uav;udk usKyfwdkYwawGu odyfudk aus;Zl;wifrSmyg?
rdef;uav;udk xdkufxdkufwefwef aus;Zl;qyfzdkYvJ tpDtpOf&Sdygw,f}}
222
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Dypönf;&SdwJhae&mudk uRefruaNymNy&if &SifwkdYu ,kHMunfMurSmvm;}}
]]rif;om trSeftwdkif;aNymr,fqdk&if usKyfwdkYuvJ Nyóemudk rD;xGef;r&Smcsifygbl;}}
]]aumif;NyD? uRefr aNymNyr,f? &SifwdkYvdkcsifaewJh ypönf;udk rdk;e*g;*dkPf;u t&,loGm;NyD&Sifh}}
&kefvGef\ NyKH;csKdaeaom rsufESmonf csufcsif;yif ndKrnf;oGm;onf/
]]rdk;e*g;*dkPf;u b,fol ,loGm;wmvJ}}
]]rdk;[def;ausmufvG,f ,loGm;wmyJ}}
&kefvGefonf ,efzdefzdefudk pdrf;pdrf;MuD;Munfhvdkufum ...
]]rif;aNymwm trSefyJaemf}}
]]trSefygyJ? &SifwdkY rdk;[def;ausmufvG,fqDrSm oGm;awmif;&Jw,fqdk&if oGm;awmif;Munfhaygh}}
]]usKyfwdkY aMumuf&r,fhvl r&Sdao;ygbl;? oGm;awmif;w,f rawmif;bl;qdkwm usKyfwdkYudpöyg? rif;om
r[kwfrrSefaNymcJh&if usKyfwdkYe*g;euf*dkPf;u aumif;aumif;'Pfcwfr,f qdkwmudk odxm;yg}}
0ufpkHeufwpfa,mufu toma&SUokdY vSrf;wufum ...
]]q&m&kefvGef? 'Daumifrav;udk wcgwnf; ac:oGm;&if aumif;r,f xifw,f}}
&kefvGefonf 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYbufokdY rsufpdupm;um Munfhvdkufonf/
olYtaeNzifh tMuD;tus,f &efrD;yGm;&rnfh udpöudk a&Smif&Sm;vkd[ef wlonf/
]]udpör&Sdygbl;? olUudk zrf;ac:oGm;zkdY rvdkao;ygbl;}}
&kefvGefonf olYvludk NyefaNymNyD; ,efzdefzdefbuf vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]'Dr,f rdef;uav;? usKyfwpfckaNymcsifw,f}}
]][kwfuJh aNymyg&Sif}}
]]'D a eYupNyD ; ok H ; &uf t awmtwG i f ; 'D [ ef M uLNrd K Uuae b,f u k d r S xG u f r oG m ;ygeJ Y ? 'gu
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufwnf;udk aNymwmyg? usefwJh rdwfaqGawGeJY roufqdkifygbl;}}
&kefvGefonf 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYbufokdY tuJcwfovdk Munfhvdkufonf/
ol w d k Y ES p f a ,muf o nf rnf o nf h p um;wpf v k H ; rQ 0if r aNymMuao;ay/ taNctaeud k o m
tuJcwfMunfh&IaeMuonf/
]]&SifwdkYu uRefrudk tus,fcsKyfcsxm;wJh oabmvm;}}
,efzdefzdefu &kefvGefudk ar;vdkufonf/
]]'DvdkoabmrsKd;awmh r[kwfygbl;av? rdef;uav; aNymcJhwJhpum; rSefrrSef ppfaq;MunfhcsifvdkYyg? rif;om
trSeftwdkif; aNymw,fqdk&if bmrSpdk;&drfp&m r&Sdygbl;? tJ'DokH;&uftwGif; rdef;uav;twGuf ukeforQ
p&dwfpuawGudkvJ usKyfwdkYe*g;euf*dkPf;u wm0ef,lay;acsyghr,f? rdef;uav;taeeJY 'DNrdKUrSm okH;&uftyef;aNz
aexdkifwJh oabmrsKd;aygh}}
&kefvGefonf wu,fyif pum;aNymaumif;vSonf/
,efzdefzdefudk Ncdrf;aNcmufonfudkyif pum;y&d,m,f MuG,fMuG,fNzifh wefqmqifum aNymMum;aeonf/
rdrdwkdYudk onftwdkif;ikwfwkwfxm;um ,efzdefzdefudk ,ckvdkpum;y&d,m,fNzifh Ncdrf;aNcmufaNymqdkaerIudk
0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYu cHNyif;vmMuonf/
]]olaNymwmudk em;raxmifbl;qdk&if rif;awmh 'Dae&mrSmyJ towfcH&vdrfhr,f em;vnf&JUvm;}}
0rf;tifarmuf\xdkpum;onf ,efzdefzdefudk aNymvdkufaomfvnf; wu,fawmh &kefvGefwdkYudk cGwdkufum
ar;vdkufNcif;om Nzpfonf/
]]uJ ... zdefzdefa&? aNymp&m&Sdwmudkom tNywfom aNymayawmh? wdkYrSm tcsdefodyfr&Sdawmhbl;? tckyJ
c&D;xGufawmhr,f? rif;aum wkdYeJYtwl vdkufrSmvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; 0ifaNymonf/
]]tdk ... uRefru tpfudkav;wdkYeJY twlvdkufrSmaygh}}
,efzdefzdefu oGufvufpGm NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]'gqdk&if c&D;xGufzkdY Nyifqifawmhav? bmNzpfvdkY tcsdeftukefcHae&wmvJ}}
223
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf\pum;onf &kefvGefwdkYvlpkudk tcef;xJrS xGufoGm;&ef aNAmifarmif;xkwfvkdufonfESifh rNcm;ay/
tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD; &kefvGefonf a'gorD; w[kef;[kef;awmufavmifoGm;onf/
&kevf eG o f nf e*g;euf*P kd ;f \ xdywf ef;odik ;f orm;wpfa,mufNzpfonf/ aoG;at;at;ESihf &ufpufwwfonf/
pum;taNymtqdk csKdomonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD;[laom trnfudk&cJhonf/
&kevf eG \ f xl;Ncm;csufrmS ta&;udpw ö pfcck Ek iS hf ywfoufNyD; tydik t f Edik rf udik rf vd Qif rnfoYdk rQ vIy&f mS ;Ncif;rNyKbJ
rdrdbufrS tydkiftEdkif&SdNyD[k aocsmaomtcgwGifrS usm;ukwfusm;cJNzifh vkyfaqmifwwfonf/
,ckvnf; taNctaet& rdrb d ufrS ydik Ef ikd Nf cif;r&Sod nft h wGuf a'gopdwrf sm;udk csKyfwnf;csKd;ESrd v f ukd o f nf/
]]usKyfwdkY aNymp&mawGvJ ukefygNyD? 'gaMumifh NyefvkdufygOD;r,f? rdwfaqGwdkY at;at;aq;aq;
NyefpOf;pm;Muyg? 'DNrdKUrSm okH;&ufavmuf tem;,laexdkifNyD;rS c&D;qufwmu taumif;qkH; Nzpfygvdrfhr,f}}
&k e f v G e f o nf xd k o k d Y a NymNyD ; csmceJ v S n f h x G u f & m 0wf p k H e uf 0 wf vl E S p f a ,muf v nf ; ol Y a emuf r S
vdkufygoGm;Muonf/
]]zd e f z d e f tck u d p ö a wG e J Y ywf o uf N yD ; rif ; ud k ppf a q;Munf h z d k Y awmh igwd k Y rS m qE´ r &S d y gbl ; ?
'gayr,fhNzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if tNzpfrSefukdawmh odcsifw,fuG,f}}
&kefvGefwdkYvlpk xGufoGm;aomtcgrS 0rf;tifarmufu ,efzdefzdefudk ar;vdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f zdefzdef? tusKd;taMumif;odxm;rS wdkYtzdkYvJ yg0ifvIyf&Sm;&wm t"dyÜm,f&Sdvdrfhr,f? tckawmh
bmrSef;rodnmrSef;rodeJY odyfudk tlaMumifaMumifEdkifwmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; 0ifaNymonf/
,efzdefzdefuvnf; acgif;av;udk tomndwfum ...
]][kwfuJh 'Dudpaö wGudk uRefrzGifhaNymzdkY &nf&G,fxm;ygw,f? 'DNrdKUrSm raNymcsifao;vdkYom tomaecJhwmyg?
tckawmh [kdvlawGvJ vmNcdrf;aNcmufoGm;MuNyD;NyDqdkawmh uRefrzGifhaNymygawmhr,f}}
]]at; ... at; aNymprf;ygOD;uG,f}}
,efzed zf ed o f nf at;at;aq;aq; &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif; aNymNyEdik &f eftwGuf xdik cf w Hk pfcw
k iG f 0ifxikd v f u dk o
f nf/
0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYu ,efzdefzdef aNymNyrnfhpum;rsm;udk em;pdkufaeMuonf/
,efzed zf ed o f nf 0rf;tifarmufEiS hf &S;D xifcsdww f Ykd ukd rsufv;Hk 0ifu
h m Munfv h u kd Nf yD;aemuf pwifaNymMum;onf/
]]ol w d k Y v d k c sif a ewJ h ypö n f ; u tNcm;r[k w f y gbl ; ? a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf u aysmuf q k H ; oG m ;wJ h
vQKdU0Sufypönf;ygyJ}}
þpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg &SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif txl;yif vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/
olYrcd if ydik pf u k sifonf a&Smifvifausmif;awmf Nrwfynmcef;aqmifwiG f odr;f qnf;xm;aom vQKdU0Suyf pön;f udk
cdk;,loGm;ol[k pGyfpGJcHae&onf/ rdrd\ rdcifay:wGif tkyfrdk;usa&mufaeaom pGyfpGJcsufudk &SD;xifcsdwf
z,f&Sm;ypfvkdonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf;tm; rnfolcdk;,loGm;onfudk pkHprf;azmfxkwf&ef qE´Nyif;NycJhonf/
,ck vrf;pay:ovdk NzpfvmonfhtwGuf pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;rdonf/
xdkudpöaMumifh ydkifpkusif\b0c&D;rSm wpfqpfcsKd;auGUum aNymif;vJoGm;&onf r[kwfygvm;/
]][kd ... ,Gef;bl;eufuav;vdkY aNymoH Mum;vkduf&wmuaum}}
,efzdefzdefudk pwifawGUrdcsdefu e*g;euf*dkPf;om; okH;a,mufu ,Gef;bl;eufuav;taMumif;udk
ppfar;aeonfudk Mum;odcJhonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf ,ckvdk ar;vdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;qdkwm tJ'DvQKdU0Sufypönf; xnfhxm;wJhbl;udk aNymwmyg}}
]]'gqdk&if a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;udk &zdkY vrf;pay:aeNyDaygh}}
,efzdefzdefu acgif;udk cg,rf;Nyum ...
]]'DvdkvJ r[kwfao;bl; tpfudkav;&JU? tJ'D ,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm bmypönf;rS r&Sdbl;&Sifh}}
]]a[ ... 'gu b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ}}

224
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ qdkwmudkawmh uRefrvJ rodygbl;? uRefrudk,fwdkif tJ'D,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk &cJhNyD;
txJu a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;udk MunfhcsifwmeJY tomzGifhMunfhvdkufawmh txJrSm bmrS rawGU&bl;? uRefrvJ
tawG;&cufaewkef;rSmyJ rdk;[def;ausmufvG,fu ,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk uRefrvufxJu 0ifvkoGm;awmhwmygyJ}}
]]'gqdk rdk;e*g;*dkPf;u ausmufvG,fvufxJudk tJ'Dypönf;a&mufoGm;NyDvdkY rif;aNymcJhwJhpum;u trSefyJudk;}}
]][kwfuJh ... trSefygyJ}}
]]tJ'D,Gef;bl;teufuav;udkaum b,fuae &cJhwmvJ? e*g;euf*dkPf;u ckd;,lcJhwmvm;}}
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Suyf pön;f udk rnfocl ;kd ,lcahJ Mumif; vrf;pazmfxw k v
f o
kd nft h wGuf &S;D xifcsdwu f
,ckvdk aoaocsmcsm ar;Nref;aeNcif; Nzpfonf/
]]r[kwfygbl;? t&l;rMuD;wpfa,muf vufxJu &cJhwmyg}}
]]tJ'D t&l;rMuD; b,frSm&SdovJ}}
]]'gudkawmh uRefrvJ twdtus raNymEdkifbl;? t&l;rMuD;qdkawmh pdwfxif&mudk avQmufoGm;aerSmaygh}}
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKUd 0Suyf pön;f udk ck;d ,lomG ;ol\vrf;p &ovdv k Ekd iS hf aysmufomG ;onfrYkd &S;D xifcsw d rf mS
tawmfpdwfysufoGm;onf/
qufvuf ar;Nref;Ncif;vnf; rNyKawmh/
xdktcgwGif 0rf;tifarmufu Mum;0ifvmum ...
]]'Dr,f zdefzdef pyfpkw,fvdkYawmh rxifygeJY? rif;&JUrdbawG b,folvJqdkwm igodcsifw,f? aNymNyEdkifrvm;}}
0rf;tifarmuf\ tar;aMumifh ,efzdefzdefrSm rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;onf/
]]uRef r &J U azazu [k d ... aumif ; a&mif ; aumif ; 0,f vk y f p m;wJ h o l r[k w f b l ; ? 'gaMumif h
uRefrrdbawGtaMumif; raNymyg&apeJY&Sif? uRefr&SufvGef;vdkYyg}}
,efzdefzdefonf &IdufMuD;wiif idkaMuG;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm olrudkMunfhNyD; pdwfraumif;Nzpfrdonf/
vl w d k i f ; wG i f ud k , f h t aMumif ; ES i f h u d k , f &S d M uonf / vQKd U 0S u f c suf r sm;vnf ; &S d M uonf / trsm;ud k
xkwfraNymomonfh taMumif;rsm;vnf; &SdMuayrnf/
]]'Dvkdqdk&ifvJ tJ'DtaMumif;udk ar;raeygeJYawmh OD;OD;&,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufudk aNymqdk[efYwm;vkdufonf/
0rf ; tif a rmuf r S m vnf ; tawG U tMuKH & if h u suf a eol wpf a ,muf N zpf o nf h t wk d i f ; acgif ; ud k
tomndwfNyvkdufonf/
]]tJ'D ,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm bmrSr&Sdbl;qdkwJhtaMumif; e*g;euf*dkPf;om;awGudk bmaMumifh
raNymvdkufwmvJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu olY&ifxJwGif r&Sif;rvif;NzpfaeonfhtaMumif;udk xkwfazmfar;Nyefonf/
]]olwYkd vv kd pl m;awGukd trSet f wdik ;f xkwaf Nymawmhaum ,kMH urSmwJv h m;? ,Ge;f bl;eufuav;udk ausmufv, G f
vk,loGm;w,fqdkwJhtaMumif; aNymNywmawmif olwdkYu r,kHYw,kH NzpfaeMuw,f r[kwfvm;}}
,efzdefzdefonf xdkokdYNyefaNymNyD;aemuf qufvufumidkaMuG;ae\/ &SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkYrSm
oufNyif;udk,fpD csvdkufMu&avawmhonf/

225
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (25)
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ypönf;rsm;udk odrf;qnf;um [efMuLNrdKUrS xGufcGmvmcJhMuonf/
,efzdefzdeftwGufvnf; Nrif;wpfaumif xyfrH0,f,lxm;onfhtwGuf okH;a,mufom; Nrif;udk,fpDESifh
c&D;ESifcJhMuonf/
olwdkYonf ql;MuLNrdKUbufokdY a&S;&IxGufvmcJhMuonf/
[efMuLNrdKUrS ql;MuLNrdKUokdY oGm;&m vrf;rMuD;onf vloluif;&Sif;aeonf/
c&D;oGm;[lí &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY okH;a,mufom&Sdaeonf/
wcgw&HrSom tNcm;c&D;oGm; wpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufpwdkYudk vrf;wGif qkHrdMuonf/
]]vrf;rSmawmh vl&Sif;aewmyJ? e*g;euf*dkPf;u vlawGbmaMumifh ay:rvmao;wmvJ? uRefawmfwdkYudk
&ef&SmzdkY rMudK;pm;awmhbl;xifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufudk aNymvdkufonf/
]]rxifeJY xifcsdwfa&? olwdkYu &efNyKwdkufcdkufMurSm trSefbJ? 'DwpfyGJudk igwdkY b,fvdkrS a&Smifwdrf;r&Edkifbl;?
olwdkYeJY&ifqdkif&rSm usdef;aoyJ}}
]]&ifqdkifr,fqdk&ifvJ cyfNrefNref &ifqdkifvdkufcsifw,f? tckvdk rwifrus taNctaersKd; Nzpfaewm uRefawmf
pdwfr&SnfEdkifawmhbl;}}
,efzdefzdefu Mum;0ifum ...
]]tif; ... OD;OD;0rf;eJY tpfudkav;wdkYvJ uRefrtwGufaMumifh oufouftvkyfrsm;NyD; pdwf&IyfaeMu&w,faemf}}
]]'DudpöeJYywfoufNyD; bmrS aNymraeygeJYawmhuG,f? igwdkYodkif;orm;awG[m rw&m;wmudk awGU&if
ulnDaqmif&Gufay;&rSmyJ? NyD;awmh igu olrsm;udk ulnDzdkY odyfudk0goemygwJhaumifuG? 'Dawmh bmrStm;emraeeJY}}
0rf;tifarmufu ESpfodrfhpum; qdkonf/
226
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; ...
]][kwfw,f zdefzdef? wdkYtaeeJYu rw&m;rIudk 'Dtwdkif;vufydkufMunfhraeEdkifbl;? rw&m;wmudkawGU&if
b,favmufyJ tiftm;MuD;rm;aeygap qefYusifwdkufzsuf&rSmyJ}}
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f OD;OD;eJY tpfudkav;wdkY&,f}}
,efzdefzdefu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJyif qdkonf/
olrpdwx f wJ iG f 0rf;tifarmufEiS hf &S;D xifcsdww f Ykd tay: av;pm;MunfnKd onfph w d rf sm;? tm;ud;k tm;xm;NyKonfh
pdwfrsm;ydkrdkNzpfay:vmonf/ olronf rdkufrJ&rf;um;aom odkif;orm;qdk;rsm;udkom qkHawGUcJh&ay&m ,ckvdk
pdwx f m;aNzmifrh wfwnfMunfonfh odik ;f orm;aumif;wdYk EiS hf &if;ES;D oduRrf;&onfwiG f pdwx f üJ MunfE;l 0rf;omrdonf/
udk,fhudk,fudkvnf; *kPf,lrdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD;&kefvGef\ &,farmoHESifh ceJYwJhwJhaNymqdkoH ay:vmavonf/
]][m;[m;[m; ... rdwfaqGwdkYwpfawGu NrdKUxJu wu,fyJxGufvmMuwmudk;? 'gaMumifh usKyfwdkYuvJ
'Duae MudKqdk{nfh0wfNyK&awmhrSmaygh [J[J[J}}
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYokH;a,mufonf Nrif;ZufMudK;rsm;udkqGJum Nrif;rsm;udk toD;oD;&yfwefYvkdufMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Nrif;ay:rS atmufokdYckefqif;NyD; &kefvGefwdkYudk &ifqdkif&ef toifhNyifvkdufonf/
0rf;tifarmufESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYESpfa,mufurl Nrif;ay:rSrqif;Muao;bJ taNctaeudk apmifhMunfhaeonf/
&kefvGefwdkYbufrS vltiftm; tawmfyifaumif;onf/ pkpkaygif; tiftm;ig;q,frQ&Sdaom e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;onf
vlNzefYum &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk 0ef;&Hae&m,lxm;Muonf/
olwdkYonf tydkifwGufí MudKwifNyifqif apmifhqdkif;aeMurSef; aocsmonf/
&kefvGefrSm rydkifvQif bmrQrvkyf? ydkifEdkifaocsmrSom vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifwwfoltNzpf emrnfMuD;aeol
Nzpfonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifum rm;rm;MuD;&yfaeaom olYtoGifrSm udk,fhudk,fudk,kHMunfrI
tNynfh&Sdaeonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf rd r d w d k Y u d k 0ef ; &H x m;ol r sm;tm; rsuf p d u pm;um wpf c suf M unf h v d k u f N yD ; aemuf
cyfat;at;trlt&mESifh ...
]]uJ ... b,fvv dk J &kev
f eG ?f cifAsm;wdYk u vltiftm;eJY 0dik ;f wdu k cf sifovm;? 'grSr[kwf ynmcsif;NydKifcsifovm;?
NrefNrefomaNymprf;Asm? uRefawmfuawmh vltiftm;eJY wdu k v
f m&ifvJ &ifqikd zf Ykd tqifoifyh ?J ynmcsif;,SOrf ,fq&kd ifvJ
t&efoifhyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ aNymqdkykHrSm e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm;udk txiftNrifao;pGmNzifh ESdrfhcsaNymqdkvdkufaMumif;
xif&Sm;ay:vGifaeonf/
olUpum;aMumifh e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm; a'goxGufum vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfukefMuonf/
Mudrf;0g;atmf[pfoHrsm;vnf; ay:xGufvmonf/
&kev f eG u
f nmvufukd tomaNrSmufNyvku d &f m Mudr;f 0g;atmf[pfaeoHrsm; csufcsif;wdwo f mG ;NyD; vlig;a,muf
&SD;xifcsdwfxHodkY avQmufvSrf;xGufvmonf/
xdkvlig;a,mufonf teufa&mif0wfpkHrsm;udk 0wfqifxm;Muonf/ ezl;wGif usm;opfeuf&kyfygaom
y0grsm;udk pnf;aESmifxm;Muonf/ vIyf&Sm;ykH oGufvufzswfvwfonf/ aNcvSrf;rsm;uvnf; ayghyg;Nrefqefonf/
]][dwfaumifav;? rif;u avvkH;xGm;vScsnfvm;? igwdkY usm;opfnDaemif ig;a,mufeJY awGU&&if rif;'Dvdk
avvkH;rxGm;Edkifawmhygbl;}}
xdkvlig;a,mufteufrS wpfa,mufu aNymonf/
]]usm;opfeufnDaemifu bmrsm; tpGrf;&SdvkdYvJ? tckvJawGUaeMu&wmyJ[m}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ta&;rxm;[efNzifh aNymvdkufonf/
usm;opfeufnDaemif ig;a,mufwkdYonf e*g;euf*dkPf;rS tausmfaZ,s xif&Sm;vSaom odkif;orm;rsm;
NzpfMuonf/
olwdkYudk &ifqdkifpdefac:0Hhol &Sm;onf/ trnfudk Mum;onfESifh ta0;rS a&SmifoGm;Muonfom rsm;onf/
227
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,ck i,f&G,faom vl&G,fav;wpfa,mufu ta&;rxm;onfhtoGifrsKd; aNymvmonfhtwGuf a'gotrsuf
acsmif;acsmif;xGufoGm;Muonf/
olwdkY\oabmNzifh qdkygrl &SD;xifcsdwf\ udk,fcE¨mudk ig;ydkif;NywfoGm;atmif ckwfNzwfypfvdkufcsifonf/
odkY&mwGif ...
,aeYyGJwGif OD;pD;ol tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD;&kefvGefu [ef[dwftNynfhNzifh tiftm;Nyum ,efzdefzdefudk
Ncdr;f aNcmuft&,l&ef pDpOfxm;onft h wGuf pdwx f ifwikd ;f rvkyof mao;bJ &kev f eG x
f o H Ydk trdeYf awmif;cHonfh toGiNf zifh
vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
rdrdwdkYbufrS vltiftm;trsm;tNym;ESifh 0ef;&Hxm;onfhtwGuf ydkifEdkifaeNyD[k ,lqxm;aom &kefvGefonf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ rcdk;rcefY tNyKtrlaMumifh wdkufckduf&ef trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]'Daumifav;udk taMumif;Nyvdkufprf;}}
&k e f v G e f x H r S trd e f Y &onf E S i f h usm;opf n D a emif ig;a,muf w k d Y onf &S D ; xif c sd w f x H o k d Y
ckefysH0ifa&mufoGm;Muonf/
"m;&Snfrsm;udkvnf; wpfNydKifwnf;qGJxkwfum ckwfydkif;wdkufckdufvdkufMuavonf/ "m;a&mif"m;&dyfrsm;
vif;vufoGm;onf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf e*g;NzLrd k ; ysH o k d i f ; uG u f E S i f h ck e f v T m ;a&S m if w d r f ; &if ; "m;&S n f u d k q G J x k w f í
usm;opfeufnDaemifwdkY\ "m;csufrsm;udk cHaqmifvdkuf&onf/
]]cRrf; ... cRrf; ... cRrf; ... cRrf; ... cRrf;}}
"m;&Snfcsif;xdawGUoH ig;csufay:vmonf/ xdkodkY "m;&Snfcsif; xdawGUckwfrdrIonf NrefqefvSonf/
"m;csif;xdoHonfvnf; wpfckESifhwpfck qufíae&m toH&SnfwpfcktoGifyif NzpfoGm;onf/
usm;opfeufnDaemifig;azmfwdkY yl;aygif;wdkufckdufrI t&Sdeft[kefrSm tvGefyif MuD;rm;Nyif;xefonf/ xdkodkY
yl;aygif;wdu k cf u
dk rf aI Mumifh ud, k cf E¨m ig;ydik ;f Nywfum aoqk;H cJ&h onfh odik ;f orm;tausmftarmfO;D a&vnf; renf;vSay/
tckvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,muf olwdkYvufcsufNzifh udk,fcE¨mig;ydkif;NywfoGm;vdrfhrnf[k e*g;euf*dkPf;0ifrsm;u
xifxm;Muonf/
odkYaomf olwdkYxifovdk NzpfrvmcJh/
usm;opfeufnDaemifigazmfwdkY\ "m;csufig;csufrSm ususee ckcHacszsufypfNcif; cHvdkuf&onf/
xdkrQru &SD;xifcsdwfonf avxJokdY ckefvTm;wuf&if; vufxJ&Sd"m;&SnfNzifh wefNyefwdkufckdufvdkufonfh
"m;csufrsm;aMumifh usm;opfeufnDaemifwdkYrSm aemufokdYyif ckefvTm; a&Smifwdrf;oGm;Mu&onf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;0ifrsm;onf r,kHMunfEdkifatmifNzpfum rsufvkH;NyL;ukefMuonf/
,efzdefzdefrSmvnf; tvGefyifthHMordí yg;pyfta[mif;om; NzpfoGm;&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf odkif;ynmNrifhrm;ol wpfa,mufNzpfaMumif;udkum; ,efzdefzdefodxm;NyD; Nzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif þrQavmuf odkif;ynmtpGrf;tp Nrifhrm;vSrnf rxifrday/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;[ef Nrefqefovdk usm;opfeufnDaemifwdkYuvnf; oGufvufvSonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ wefNyef"m;csufrsm;aMumifh &kwfw&uf aemufqkwfay;vdkuf&aomfvnf; csufcsif;yif ae&m,l
Nyifqifvm\/ avxJokdY ckefvTm;wufoGm;aom &SD;xifcsdwf atmufokdYNyefusum aNrMuD;ay: aNccs&yfrdonfESifh
twif;yif 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufMuNyefonf/
wpfuu G f &ifqikd w f u kd cf udk rf o
d nfEiS hf &S;D xifcsdw\ f odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nf xufNrufvaS Mumif; em;vnfvu kd Nf yDrYkd
onfwpfcsDwdkufckdufrIonf apmapmuxuf rsm;pGmydkrdkNyif;xefayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufNzifhyif vIyf&Sm;&if; wefNyefwdkufppfqifonf/
olonf"m;&Snu f kd ckcu H u G of mok;H \/ b,fvuf0g;&du k cf sufEiS hf nmaNcysHuefcsufrsm;udv k nf; tuGuu f sus
xnfhoGif;um wdkufckdufonf/
"m;&S n f a 0S U ,rf ; ck w f x pf c suf r sm;u usm;opf e uf n D a emif w k d Y \ "m;csuf r sm;ud k ususee
umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifonf/

228
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYNyif ...
aNcysHuefcsufESifh vuf0g;&dkufcsufwdkYuvnf; usm;opfeufnDaemif ESpfa,mufudk xdrdonf/
vuf0g;&du k cf sufEiS hf aNcuefcsufrsm; txdcv H u dk &f aom usm;opfeufnaD emif ESpaf ,mufrmS [efcsufysufum
',D;',dkifESifh aemufokdY qkwfoGm;&onf/
usm;opfeufnDaemifig;azmfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY &ifqdkifwkdufckdufaeMuykHudk cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS Munfhaeaom
tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD;&kefvGef rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/
]][m ... 'Daumifav;u e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;ygvm;? igawmh wGufudef;rSm;NyD}}
&kefvGef\ pdwfxJwGif tvefYwMum; NzpfoGm;\/
e*g;euf*dkPf;0if odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf &ifqdkifwdkufckdufrIrsm; trsm;tNym;
&SdcJhMuzl;\/
xdkwdkufyGJrsm;pGmwGif e*g;euf*dkPf;bufrS tEdkifyGJrsm; &Sdovdk t&IH;yGJrsm;vnf; renf;ygacs/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk &kefvGeftawmftoifh od&Sdxm;onf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf tokH;NyKvdkufonfh e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk Munfhum e*g;NzLa*[mrS
odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; tuJcwfrdoGm;onf/
e*g;euf*P kd ;f 0ifrsm;ESihf e*g;NzLa*[mrS odik ;f orm;rsm;onf tMudrrf sm;pGm &ifqikd w f u kd cf u
kd cf MhJ uzl;aomfvnf;
tMuD;tus,f wdkufckdufrIrsKd;udkum; ESpfzufpvkH;rS a&Smif&Sm;cJhonf/
txl;oNzifh e*g;NzLa*[mu 0lwef;*dP k ;f ESihf csefcsif;*dP
k ;f wdYk ukd wdu
k cf u
dk o
f rd ;f oGi;f NyD;aemuf odik ;f avmuwGif
wpf[kefxdk; tiftm;MuD;rm;vmcJhonfh tcsdefrSpí e*g;euf*dkPf;onf e*g;NzLa*[mESifh xdyfwdkuf&ifrqdkifrdatmif
owdxm;a&Smif&Sm;aecJhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufrSmvnf; tvGeftqifhNrifhrm;vSay&m e*g;NzLa*[mrS omrefodkif;orm;
r[kwfEdkifbJ wu,fhxdwfxdwfMuJ odkif;orm;wpfa,muf Nzpf&rnf[k &kefvGefawG;rdNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSwqifh wEG,fiifwpifyg qdkovdk e*g;NzLa*[mESifh NyóemNzpfvm&rnfh udpörsKd;udk
olrvdkvm;ay/
]]'Dae&mrSm igwkdYu tiftm;rsm;aew,f? tiftm;eJY zdwdkufckduf tEdkif,lvdkY &Edkifw,f? 'gayr,fh
'DaeYudpötwGuf e*g;NzLa*[mu 'Dtwdkif;MunfhaerSm r[kwfbl;? vufwkYHNyefvmrSmyJ? tcku olwdkYtiftm;
MuD;xGm;vmaecsdefqdkawmh olwdkYeJY NyóemyGm;&&if rvG,fbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfudk e*g;NzLa*[mrS a&Smifwdrf;xGufaNy;vmcJholwpfa,muf NzpfaMumif; rodonfh &kefvGefrSm
udk,fhbmomudk,fawG;um ylyefaerdonf/
xdkokdY awG;awmylyefum bmvkyf&rnfrodatmif NzpfaecsdefwGif usm;opfeufnDaemif wpfa,mufrSm
&SD;xifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLNrpfqif;okdif;uGuf "m;csuftxdcH&um 'Pf&m&oGm;Nyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudk avhusifoif,lcJhNyD;aemuf vufawGUwkdufyGJtcsKdU0ifcJhNyD;
Nzpfaomfvnf; tiftm;MuD;rm;aom NydKifbufESifh &ifrqdkifcJhzl;ay/ ,ckwdkufyGJonf yxrqkH;tMudrfNzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh pwifwdkufckdufcsdefwGif tenf;i,f r&GHUr&J NzpfaecJhonf/ rdrdtaeNzifh usm;opfeufnDaemifwdkYudk
&ifqdkifEdkifyghrnfvm; oHo,0ifaecJhonf/
odkYaomf odkif;uGufusus vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrdonfESifh rdrd\okdif;uGufpGrf;&nf xufNrufykHudk awGU&aomtcg
tm;wufvmonf/ vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrIvnf; ydkítouf0ifvmonf/ tm;Nynfhvmonf/ vufvnf; awGUvmonf/
wdkufcdkufav odkif;pGrf;&nf ydkNrifhrm;xufNruf Nyif;xefvmavav Nzpfaeonf/
olonf rdrdukd,frdrd ,kHMunfpdwfcsvmonf/
twif;w&Murf; wdkufcdkufae&if;rS rdcifydkifpkusif rSmMum;cJhonfh pum;&yfrsm;udk &kwfw&uf owd&rdonf/
]]&efoleJY &ifqdkifwkdufcdkufwJhtcgrSm wzufvludk txifrao;&bl;? tydkifuGufr&ao;cifrSm udk,fhynmukef
rxkwfeJY? tydkifuGufudk awGU&NyDqdk&ifawmh tm;NynfhtifNynfheJY txda&mufqkH; wdkufcdkufayawmh}}
rdcif\ trSmpum;rsm;udk Nyefvnfowd&rdonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf ynmukefxkwfum wkdufckdufovdk
Nzpfae&mrS wdkufppft[kefudk tomNyefxdef;vdkufonf/
229
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wdkufckdufrIonf &kwfNcnf;aES;oGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf usm;opfeufnDaemifrsm;udk tydkiftEdkif wdkufckduftEdkif,lEdkif&ef tuGufacsmif;NyD;
toifhNyifxm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ oGufvufNrefqefvSaom wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk rsufvkH;tNyL;om; yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifh
Munfhaeaom ,efzdefzdefonf wdkufckdufrIt&Sdef &kwfw&ufaES;oGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcg tm;rvdktm;r&
NzpfoGm;onf/
xdkokdYwdkufckdufrIt&Sdef aES;oGm;Ncif;onf &SD;xifcsdwf ta&;edrfh&awmhrnfh t&dyfvu©Pmrsm; Nzpfavrnfvm;
,efzdefzdef awG;ylrdonf/
]]OD;OD;0rf; ... tpfudkav;xifcsdwf b,fvdkNzpfoGm;w,f rodbl;? olUvIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufwmawG tckewkef;uvdk
oGufoGufvufvuf r&Sdawmhbl;? aES;oGm;NyD}}
,efzdefzdefu 0rf;tifarmufudk aNymvdkufonf/
]]olu &efoludk tNywftEdkif,lawmhr,f? Munfhomaeyg}}
0rf;tifarmufu cyfat;at;yif NyefaNymonf/
olonf rsufpduef;aeí wdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk rNrifEdkifaomfvnf; em;udktpGrf;ukef pGifhxm;\/ vIyf&Sm;oHrsm;udk
em;axmifNcif;Nzifh wdkufckdufrIrsm; rnfodkYrnfykH Nzpfay:aeonfudk aoaocsmcsm odNrifaeovdk cHpm;ae&onf/
]]bmaMumifh 'DvdkaNymEdkifwmvJ? uRefrawmh tpfudkav;wdkufckdufaeykHudk MunfhNyD; tm;r&vdkufwm}}
]]rk e f w d k i f ; tNyif ; txef rwd k u f c d k u f c if avNid r f o G m ;wJ h oabmrsKd ; aygh ? ol u wzuf v l a wG u d k
tydkifwdkufcdkufEdkifatmif vIyf&Sm;rIudkaES;vdkufNyD; [muGufapmifhaewmyg? rMumcif oGufoGufvufvufeJU
tydkifwdkufckduf xdk;ESufvdrfhr,f}}
,ef z d e f z d e f o nf bmrQraNymawmh b J &S D ; xif c sd w f \ wd k u f y G J 0 if a eyk H r sm;ud k o m rsuf a wmif r cwf
pl;pdkufMunfh&Iaeonf/
0rf;tifarmufu &Sif;Nyxm;aomfvnf; pdk;&drfpdwfuawmh raysmufao;ay/
&ifwxdwfxdwf ckefvsuf &Sdaeonf/
,efzdefzdefwpfa,muf &ifwxdwfxdwfNzifh MunfhaeqJrSmyif usm;opfeufnDaemif ig;a,mufwdkYonf
NydKifwlvIyf&Sm;um &SD;xifcsdwfudk 0dkif;0ef;ckwfydkif; wdkufcdkufvdkufNyefonf/
xdkwdkufcdkufrIonf olwdkY\ tm;txm;qkH;ESifh tpGrf;txufNrufqkH;Nzpfaom ]ig;axGwpfck} "m;okdif;uGuf
Nzpfonf/
"m;&Snfig;vufNzifh vlig;a,mufu 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufvdkufaomfvnf; vlwpfa,mufwnf; wdkufckdufovdk
"m;csufrsm;u pkpnf;odyfonf;aeaomaMumifh ig;axGwpfck "m;okdif;uGuf[k trnfay;xm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
vlig;a,muf\ tiftm;pkpnf;xm;ovdk "m;&Snfig;vuf\ ckufcsufuvnf; aygif;pyfxm;onf/ tm;tif
tvGefNyif;xefonf/
wdkufyGJudk rsufawmifrcwfwrf; Munfhaeol ,efzdefzdefrSm tMuD;tus,f wdwfvefYoGm;onf/
wkefvIyfoGm;onf/
]]tdk ...}}
pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef;aomaMumifh EIwfrS a,mif&rf; atmf[pfvdkufNyD; &ifbwfudkvnf; vuf0g;av;Nzifh
zdvdkufrdonf/
onfvdktpGrf;ukef wdkufcdkufrIrsKd;wGif rdrd&SdorQ tm;tifESifh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk wdkufppfwGif tukeftpif
xnfhoGif;xm;onfhtwGuf wzufrS wefNyefwdkufcdkufvmrIudk umuG,f&eftiftm;ESifh pGrf;&nfvufusef
r&SdEdkifawmhay/
xdkYaMumifh þvdk tm;ukeftifukef wdkufckdufrIrsKd;wGif wzufvludk tydkiftEdkif xdk;zsufEdkifNcif; r&Sdygu
wzufvl\ wefNyefwdkufckdufrIudk r&IrvS cH&NrJNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdktcsufudk odNrifoGm;onf/ &kwfNcnf;yif oGufvufNrefqefpGm vIyf&Sm;NyD; "m;&Snfukd
a0SU,rf; wdkufckdufvdkufonf/
230
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usm;opfeufnDaemifig;azmf\ ig;axGwpfck "m;odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rIrSm Nrefqefygonf/
odkYaomf &SD;xifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLawmifNzdKokdif;uGufNzifh wefNyefwkdufcdkufvdkufrIu olwdkY\vIyf&Sm;rIxuf
wpfqydkNrefonf/
olwdkY\ odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rI w0ufcefYom vIyf&Sm;EdkifcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwfu okdif;uGuftNynfhNzifh
"m;csufig;csuf ckwfydkif;vkdufNyD; Nzpfonf/
usm;opfeufnDaemif ig;azmfwdkY\ odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rIonf vlig;a,mufu vlwpfa,mufwnf;toGif
tm;tifpkpnf;xm;onf[k qdkygvQif &SD;xifcsdwf\ wefNyefwdkufckdufrIu vlwpfa,mufwnf;rS vlig;a,muftNzpf
udk,fyGm;vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf[k qdk&ayrnf/
ESpfbufvkH;\ vIyf&Sm;ykHrsm;onf NrefqefoGufvufvSay&m Munfhaeaom ,efzdefzdef\ rsufpdxJwGif
rnfokdYrnfykH vIyf&Sm;oGm;onfukd oJoJuGJuGJ rNrif&/
"m;a&mifawG NydK;NydK;NyufNyuf vufoGm;onfudk Nrif&avonf/
"m;csif;xdawGU ckwfydkif;rdoHrsm; wcRifcRif wcRrf;cRrf; NzpfoGm;onfudk Mum;&onf/
aemufawmh ...
]]&Trf;}}
"m;&Snfudk "m;tdrfxJ NyefxnfhvdkufoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; NidrfoGm;onf/
,efzdefzdefonf rsufawmifcwf&efyif owdr&EdkifbJ &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk vSrf;Munfhaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf "m;vG,fudk cg;wGifcsdwfum at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm &yfaeonf/
usm;opfeufnaD emif ig;azmfwYkdrmS rl vufxrJ S "m;&Snrf sm;vGwx f u G u
f ek u
f m tvJvt J uGu J JG Nzpfuek Mf uonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu olwdkYudkvufxJrS "m;vGwfxGuf&kHom wdkufckdufvdkufí awmfao;onf[k qdk&rnf/ tu,fí
&uf & uf p uf p uf o m wd k u f c d k u f r nf q d k y grl usm;opf e uf n D a emif ig;azmf w d k Y r S m touf q uf & S i f a eEk d i f & ef
taMumif;r&Sdawmhygay/
]]aemufxyf b,fol,SOfcsifao;vJ? uRefawmfhbufu toifhyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm aNymvdkufonf/
tNyKH;rsufESmusm;MuD;&kefvGef\ tNrJwrf; NyKH;csKdpGm &SdwwfaomrsufESmrSm ,cktcgwGif rNyKH;EdkifawmhbJ
cyfrJhrJh NzpfoGm;onf/
oltvdk&SdolrSm ,efzdefzdefom Nzpfonf/ tNcm;udpörsm; t&IyftaxG; rNzpfvdkay/
,ckawmh rarQmfvifb h EJ iS hf e*g;NzLa*[mrS tpGr;f xufNrufaom odik ;f vkvifwpfa,mufEiS hf &ifqikd rf ad eonf/
&ifqdkifwdkufckduf&mwGif rdrdwdkYbufrS &IH;csufemcJhaomfvnf; xyfqifhwdkufckdufrIrNyKbJ a&Smif&Sm;oGm;&ef
olpOf;pm;aeonf/
tEdkif&&Sd&ef raocsmbJ Nyóemom NzpfyGm;vmEdkifonfh tvkyfrsKd;udk vkyfNcif;xuf tomaemufqkwf
a&Smifwdrf;oGm;Ncif;u ydkaumif;rnf[k &kefvGefwGufqrdonf/
onfvdk aemufqkwfa&Smifwdrf;oGm;rIaMumifh trsm;u &IwfcsNypfwifcsifvnf; wifMuapawmh/
]]usKyf wd k Y vd k c sif wm [k d a umif r av;yJ ? usef w J h v l a wG eJ U b,f v d k rS rywf o uf csif b l ;? NyD; awmh
tckavmavmq,frSm e*g;NzLa*[meJYvJ Nyóemrrsm;csifbl;? usKyfwdkYudpörSm e*g;NzLa*[mu 0ifa&muf
pGufzufwJhtaMumif;udkawmh usKyfwdkY&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk wifNy trdefYawmif;cH&r,f? uJ ... tm;vkH;qkwfMu}}
&kefvGefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk aNymNyD;aemuf rdrdvlrsm;udk trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmf[m e*g;NzLa*[meJU bmrSrywfoufygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu &kefvGefudk vSrf;aNymonf/
&k e f v G e f o nf &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k rJ h N yKH ; om wpf c suf N yKH ; NyNyD ; ol U vl r sm;ES i f h t wl xG u f c G m oG m ;onf /
&kefvGefudkMunfh&onfrSm &SD;xifcsdwfaNymvkdufonfh pum;udk ,kHMunf[efr&Sday/
]][k d v l a wG u bmaMumif h qk w f c G m oG m ;Mu&wmvJ ? uRef a wmf u od k i f ; ynmpG r f ; Nyvd k u f v d k Y
vefYukefMuwmrsm;vm;}}
231
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm; qkwfcGmoGm;MuNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufudk ar;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkrQavmuf tiftm;rsm;Nym;aom &efolrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifzl;onfh tawGUtMuKHr&Sdao;ay/
yGJOD;tpwGif wzufrS tpGrf;tp xufNrufvSol ig;a,mufudk rdrdu OD;ESdrftEdkif,lvdkufaomaMumifh qufvuf
r,SOf&JMuawmhbJ qkwfcGmoGm;Muonf[líom awG;rdavonf/
0rf;tifarmufrSm tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufvSol wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
rsufpdrNrif&aomfvnf; tMum;tm&kH xufNrufvSaomaMumifh wdkufyGJtaNctaeudk aumif;pGm &dyfpm;rdonf/
]]rif ; tpG r f ; tp Nyvd k u f E d k i f w muawmh rS e f y gw,f ? 'gayr,f h ol w d k Y taeeJ Y wcgwnf ;
qkwfcGmoGm;&avmufatmif txdrnHhMuygbl;}}
0rf;tifarmufu wcsufawGum pOf;pm;NyD; ...
]]'gayr,fh olwdkY qkwfoGm;Muw,f? bmaMumifhrsm; 'DvdkqkwfoGm;Mu&w,f qdkwmudkawmh tpOf;pm;&
cyfcufcufyJ}}
]]OD;OD;0rf; aNymwm [kwfw,f? olwdkY&JUtiftm;u enf;wmr[kwfbl;? wu,fvdkY olwdkYuom tiftm;eJU
zdwdkufvm&if uRefrwdkY okH;a,muf &ifqdkifzdkY rvG,fbl;}}
,efzdefzdefuvnf; Mum;0ifum xifNrifcsufay;onf/
]]olwdkYrSm wpfNcm;tMuHtpnf wpfckck&SdvdkY tomcsKdNyD; aemufqkwfoGm;wmaum rNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ar;vdkufNyefonf/
0rf;tifarmufu acgif;ndwfNyum ...
]]tif; ... rif;awG;wm Nzpfaumif;NzpfEdkifw,f}}
]]'gqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY 'Dvrf;twdkif; qufoGm;Murvm;? 'grSr[kwf wNcm;vrf;u vSnfhywfoGm;Murvm;}}
]]igwdkY xGufvmMuwm tawmfc&D;aygufaeNyD? vrf;uvJ 'Dwpfvrf;wnf;yJ &Sdaew,f? wNcm;vrf;u
oGm;csifw,fqdk&if [efMuLNrdKUta&muf NyefvSnfhNyD; oGm;rS&Edkifw,f? wu,fvdkY olwdkYu wpfNcm;wpfenf;enf;eJU
igwdkYudk wdkufckdufzdkY MuH&G,f&dk;rSef&if vrf;aNymif;oGm;vJ rvGwfEdkifygbl;}}
]]'gqdk uRefawmfwdkY 'Dvrf;twkdif;yJ qufoGm;Mu&rSmaygh}}
]][kwfw,f? oGm;vmwJhtcgrSm owd&Sd&SdeJY ab;ywf0ef;usifudk rNywfpl;prf;MunfhNyD; oGm;zkdYyJvdkw,f?
owd&Sdw,fqdkawmh tEÅ&m,f usa&mufvm&ifvJ tidkuftrdrcH&awmhbl;aygh}}
]]aumif;ygNyD}}
]]igwdkYokH;a,mufvkH; 'Dvdk wpfpkwnf;oGm;Muwm raumif;bl;? 'Dawmh rif;wdkYESpfa,mufu a&SUuoGm;ESifh?
igu aemufuae vdkufvmcJhr,f? 'DvdkvlcGJNyD; oGm;awmh wzufu tvpfzrf; acsmif;aNrmif; wdkufckdufvm&ifvJ
tidkufrrdEdkifawmhbl;}}
]][kwfuJh? OD;OD;aNymwJh tpDtpOftwkdif;yJ oGm;Muwmaygh}}
þokdYNzifh &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYonf Nrif;rsm;udk cyfoGufoGufpD;um a&SUrSmxGufvmcJhMuonf/
0rf;tifarmufurl Nrif;udk cyfrSefrSefompD;um aemufcsefae&pfcJhonf/

232
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (26)
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYESpfa,mufonf Nrif;rsm;udk ab;csif;,SOfpD;um c&D;qufíESifvmcJhMuonf/
twm;tqD; taESmifht,Sufudk awmfawmfESifh rawGU&/
vrf;ay:wGifvnf; c&D;oGm;rsm;r&SdbJ olwdkYESpfa,mufwnf;om c&D;oGm;aeouJhokdY Nzpfaeonf/
odkYaomf olwdkYonf ayghqowdvpf[if;Ncif;awmh r&SdMu/
ywf0ef;usifudk owd&Sd&SdNzifh tuJcwfMunfh&IvmcJhMuonf/
twefMum oGm;rdaomtcg vrf;ab;wpfae&mwGif Nrif;vSn;f wpfp;D &yfvsufom;&So d nfukd vSr;f Nrif&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYu xdkNrif;vSnf;MuD; &yfxm;&modkY tuJcwfum MunfhvdkufMuonf/
Nrif ; vS n f ; MuD ; ab;em;wG i f uk e f o nf y G J p m;toG i f r sKd ; &S d o nf h vl M uD ; wpf a ,muf o nf
aemufvdkufokH;a,mufESifhtwl &yfaeonf/
Nrif;vSnf;\ bD;wpfckrSm NzKwfxm;onf/ vSnf;bD;wGif wpfpkHwpf&m cRwf,Gif;aomaMumifh &yfem;ae&onfh
toGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
&S;D xifcsdww
f Ykd onf Nrif;rsm;udk cyfreS rf eS Ef iS v
f mcJMh u&m Nrif;vSn;f ESihf wNznf;Nznf; eD;onfxuf eD;vmonf/
ukefonfyGJpm;toGifrsKd;&Sdonfh vlMuD;onf wNznf;Nznf;eD;uyfvmaom &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk tuJcwfovdk
pl;pdkufMunfhaeonf/
Nrif;vSnf;ESifh odyfra0;awmhaom ae&modkY a&mufvmaomtcg xdkvlMuD;u toHus,fus,fESifh
vSrf;atmfaNymvdkufonf/
]][m ... armif&ifav;wdkY a&mufvmMuwm tawmfyJ? 'DrSm usKyfwdkYc&D;xGufvm&if; vSnf;bD;ysufoGm;vkdY
tawmf'ku©Nzpfaew,f? wwfEdkif&if ulnDMuygOD;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkvlpkudk ta0;rSmuwnf;uyif aumif;pGm tuJcwfMunfhvmcJhNyD; Nzpfonf/
tuJcwfawGU&Sd&orQ oHo, Nzpfp&mawGcsnf;yif/
233
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
Nrif ; vS n f ; bD ; \ a'guf w d k i f r sm;onf usKd ; yJ h y suf p D ; aeonf / xd k a e&m xd k v rf ; onf aNzmif h N zL;
aumif;rGefvSonf/ tkwfrsm;cif;xm;oNzifh vrf;rSm nDnmNyefYNyL;onf/ cvkwfuefoif; usif;csKdifhrsm; r&Sday/
vrf ; aumif ; ay:wG i f vS n f ; bD ; \a'guf w k d i f r sm; usKd ; &avmuf a tmif ysuf p D ; &onf r S m
tHhMop&maumif;ayonf/
xd k v l M uD ; ES i f h aemuf v d k u f r sm;onf Nrif ; vS n f ; ab;wG i f cyf a t;at;yif &yf a eMuonf /
vSnf;bD;ysufonfhtwGuf ylyefonfhtoGifrsKd; r&Sd/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf xd k v l r sm;tay: oH o ,0if a eaomf v nf ; rmrmxef x ef rNyKvd k a omaMumif h
&nfrGefpGmNyefaNymonf/
]]b,fvdkrS pdwfr&SdygeJYAsm? uRefawmfwdkYrSm ta&;MuD;wJh udpöeJU c&D;qufp&m &Sdao;vdkY rdwfaqGMuD;wdkYudk
rulnDEdkifwm awmif;yefygw,f}}
]]c&D;oGm; tcsif;csif;awGyJuG,f? NzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if ulnDygOD;}}
xdkvlMuD;u xyfrHaNymMum; tultnD awmif;Nyefygonf/
]]b,fvdktultnDrsKd; ay;&rSmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu xdkvlMuD; b,fvdkpum;rsKd; qufaNymvmrnfudk pl;prf;vdkaomaMumifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]armif&ifav;&JU Nrif;udk 0,fcsifygw,f? MudKufaps;ay;yghr,f? usKyfwdkU&JUNrif;u aNcwpfzufemNyD; xawmif
rxEdkifawmhbl;? [kdrSm Munfhygvm;}}
xdkvlMuD;u wpfae&mokdY vufnSdK;nTefNyNyD; aNymonf/
Nrif;vSnf;\ cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif Nrif;wpfaumif vJusaeonfudk awGU&onf/ Nrif;onf acgif;axmifvsuf
&Sdaomfvnf; vJusae&mrS NyefrxEdkifay/
xd k o k d Y Nyef r xEd k i f o nf r S m vnf ; aNcaxmuf e mí r[k w f b J aNcaxmuf u d k Mud K ;rsm;Nzif h
wkyfaESmifxm;aomaMumifh Nzpfonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf\ pl;&SvSaom rsufvkH;rsm;u aumif;pGm awGUNrifvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pum;vSatmif aNymraeawmhbJ cyf&Sif;&Sif;yif zGifh[ ar;vdkufonf/
]]'DrSm ... cifAsm;wdkY&JU ÓPfawG'gtukefyJvm;? uJ ... b,fvdktaMumif;udpöeJU uRefawmfwdkYudk
apmifhaeMuw,fqdkwmudkom &Sif;&Sif;aNymayawmh}}
xdkvlMuD;onf EIwfcrf;arT;udk oyf&if;tm;&pGm &,farmvdkufNyD; ...
]][J[[ J J ... rif;u tvmMuD;yJu;kd ? awmfawmfvJ tuif;yg;wmyJ? at; ... rif;u igwdYk tMuHukd &dyrf o d mG ;awmh
wpfrsKd;aumif;ygw,f? tcsdefukef oufomwmaygh}}
]]pum;&SnfraeygeJY? cifAsm;wdkY bmvdkcsifw,fqdkwmom aNymyg}}
]][kdaumifrav;udk 'DrSmxm;cJh? NyD;awmhrif;u [efMuLNrdKUudk vSnfhNyef ... 'gyJ}}
xdkvlMuD;uvnf; olvdkcsifonfudk cyfNywfNywf aNymcsvdkufavawmh\/
]]'Drdef;uav;udkvJ 'DrSm rxm;cJhEdkifbl;? uRefawmfvnf; [efMuLNrdKUudk vSnfhrNyefbl;? 'gyJ}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f u vnf ; Nywf N ywf o m;om; Nyef a Nym&if ; Nrif ; ay:rS c k e f q if ; í Nrif ; Zuf M ud K ;ud k
,efzdefzdefvuftyfvkdufonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;u w,facgif;rmcsifwmudk;? rif;vdkacgif;rmwJh aumifav;awGudk
aysmhusoGm;atmif vkyfEdkifwJhenf;vrf; ighrSm &Sdygw,f [J ... [J ... [J ... [J}}
xdv k Ml uD;u &,forG ;f aoG;um aNymNyD; bD;NzKwfxm;onfh Nrif;vSn;f &S&d mokYd avQmufomG ;\/ Nrif;vSn;f tdrx f rJ S
"m;&Snfwpfvuf xkwf,lvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf "m;udk avxJwGif a0SU,rf;upm;vdkufonf/ w0Spf0SpfNrnfoHESifhtwl teufa&miftvif;wef;rsm;
,SufNzmoGm;onf/
xdkvlMuD;,lvdkufaom "m;rSm rnf;eufaNymifvufae\/ xdyfzsm;wGif cyfaumhaumh Nzpfaeaom
"m;aumif;wpfvufNzpfonf/
vlMuD;onf "m;&Snfeufudk vIyf&Sm;upm;&if; olYvlokH;a,mufudk rsuf&dyfNyvdkufonf/
xdkUaemufa&SUodkU vSpfceJ aNy;wufvmum &SD;xifcsdwfudk "m;&SnfeufNzifh ckwfcsvkdufonf/
234
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkvlMuD;\aNy;vmykHu Nrefovdk "m;ckwfcsufuvnf; oGufvufvSonf/
&dyfceJomNrif&NyD; &SD;xifcsdwfteD;odkY a&mufvmonf/ "m;&SnfrSmvnf; tkyfrdk;um ckwfydkif;NyD; Nzpfonf/
xdkvlMuD;\ oGufvufNrefqefvSaom vIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm &ifxJwGif xdwfceJ NzpfoGm;&onf/
]]'Dvl udk,fazmhynm w,faumif;ygvm;? "m;odkif;uvJ pGrf;w,f? olUudk&ifqdkifvdkY vG,fyghrvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ pdwfxJwGif awG;awmpdk;&drfrdonf/
olonfe*g;NzL u0draemokdif;ynmudk avhusifhwwfaNrmufxm;NyD; Nzpfaomfvnf; vufawGUwkdufyGJ
tawGUtMuKHenf;ao;aomaMumifh rdrdukd,frdrd pdwfrcsEdkifatmif Nzpfaeonf/
odkYaomf avhusifhom;Nynfh0aom odkif;orm;aumif;wpfa,mufyDopGm vufuawmh oGufvufpGmyif
vIyf&Sm;wkHYNyefvkdufonf/
wzuf v l \ vI y f & S m ;rI u d k &d y f c eJ N rif v d k u f & onf E S i f h rd r d \ "m;&S n f u d k q G J x k w f u m qwf c eJ
a0SU,rf;ckwfydkif;vdkufonf/
]]xef; ...}}
"m;ESpfvufqdkifum ckwfrdonf/
xd k v l M uD ; \ "m;csuf t if t m;rS m tawmf y if MuD ; rm;Nyif ; xef a omaMumif h &S D ; xif c sd w f \
nmvufarmif;usOfceJNzpfum udk,fcE¨m,drf;,dkifvsuf aemufokdY aNcwpfvSrf;qkwfay;vdkuf&onf/
wzufrS vlMuD;rSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\ "m;csuftm;t[kefudk awmifhrcHEdkifbJ aemufodkYaNcokH;vSrf;
qkwfoGm;&avonf/
xdkvlMuD;onf tawmfyif xdwfxdwfysmysm NzpfoGm;onf/
]][m;[m;[m; rif;u tvmMuD;ygvm;? uJ ... a[m'DrSm cHEdkif&ifcHprf;}}
xd k v l M uD ; u atmf [ pf M ud r f ; 0g;&if ; teuf a &mif " m;aumuf N zif h &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k 0if a &muf
ckwfykdif;wkdufckdufNyefonf/
onfwpfuGufwGifawmh &SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkvlMuD;udk &ifqdkifNcif;rNyKawmh/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufudk okH;um "m;csufudk a&SmifNyD; ,efzdefzdef&Sdae&mbufokdY ckefvTm;0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
xdkvlMuD;\ y&d,m,fqifuGufukd olaumif;aumif; &dyfrdxm;onf/
xdkvlMuD;u pwifvIyf&Sm; wdkufcdkufNcif;rNyKrD olUvlokH;a,mufudk rsuf&dyfNyvdkufuwnf;u b,fodkYaom
taumufÓPfrsKd; MuH&G,fawmhrnfudk &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfvdkufonf/
xdkvlMuD;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdkufckdufum ppfNrSLxm;NyD; olUvlokH;a,mufwdkUu wzufrS ,efzdefzdefudk
0ifa&mufzrf;qD;Murnf Nzpfonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkvlMuD;ESifh wdkufyGJ0ifae&onfhtwGuf ,efzdefzdefudk
ulnDumuG,fay;Edkifvdrfhrnf r[kwf[k olwdkUu wGufxm;Muonf/
odkYaomf &SD;xifcsdwfu olwdkY\y&d,m,fudk &dyfrdoGm;onfhtwGuf xdkvlMuD;ESifh oJoJrJrJrwdkufckdufbJ
,efzdefzdefxHokdY MudKwifumuG,fay;Edkif&ef ckefvTm;a&muf&SdvmavNyD/
ukefonfyGJpm;vdk 0wfqifxm;aom vlMuD;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk pwifwdkufcdkufvdkufonfESifh olUwynfh
odkif;orm;okH;a,mufwkdYonf ,efzdefzdef&Sd&modkY aNy;0ifoGm;MuNyD Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLrdk;ysHukd,fazmhynmu aumif;vGef;vSaomaMumifh xdkvlokH;a,mufxufOD;atmif
,efzdefzdef\teD;okdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
OD;onfqdkonfrSmvnf; aNcwpfvSrf;omomrQom OD;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
,efzdefzdef\ab;em;odkY &SD;xifcsdwf a&muf&SdoGm;csdefwGif xdkvlokH;a,mufrSmvnf; ,efzdefzdefESifh
vufwpfurf;tuGmwGif a&mufaeMuavNyD/
od k i f ; orm;ok H ; a,muf \ vuf x J w G i f wpf a yausmf a usmf c ef Y &S n f a om oH r Pd w k w f w d k ES p f c k p D
udkifaqmifxm;Muonf/
&kwfw&uf rdk;ay:u usvmovdk ,efzdefzdef\teD;okdY a&mufvmaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk odkif;orm;
wpfa,mufu oHrPdwkwfwdkESpfacsmif;Nzifh qD;í &dkufESufwdkufckdufonf/

235
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkokdif;orm;\ oHrPdwkwfwdkESpfacsmif;Nzifh &dkufESufvmrIudk &SD;xifcsdwfu "m;&SnfNzifh ykwfxkwfz,f&Sm;NyD;
oGufvufaom "m;csufokH;csuf qufwdkuf ckwfydkif;upm;vdkufonf/
e*g;NzLawmifNzdKodkif;uGufNzifh wdkufcdkufvkdufonfh "m;csufokH;csufonf oGufvufvSonf/
e*g;NzLawmifNzdKodkif;uGufonf usm;opfeufnDaemif ig;azmfwdkYudkyif OD;ESdrfum tEdkif,lcJhonfh
odkif;uGufNzpfonf/
xdkokdif;orm; okH;a,mufavmufudkrl ...
&S D ; xif c sd w f \ oG u f v uf N ref q ef v S a om "m;csuf o k H ; csuf o nf xd k o k d i f ; orm;ok H ; a,muf \
b,fbufyckH;rsm;udk xdk;ckwfrdonf/
odkif;orm;okH;a,mufteuf &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdkufckdufcJholokdif;orm;\ yckH;om;wGif "m;csufxd&Srdum
aoG;rsm; Nzmusvmonf/
usefokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufrSmrl tusÐyckH;om;rsm;udkom "m;Nzifh xdk;cGJcH&NyD; tom;udk xd&SrdNcif; r&Sday/
olwdkYokH;a,mufvkH; tMuD;tus,f aMumufvefYwkefvIyfoGm;Muonf/
tu,fí "m;OD;udk yckH;okdY r&nfnTef;bJ vnfyif;udkom OD;wnfxm;cJhvQif[laom tawG;u olwdkUudk
ausm&dk;wavsmuf pdrfhat;atmifyif aMumufvefYoGm;apcJhonf/
ukeo f nfypJG m;toGif 0wfqifxm;aom vlMuD;rSm rdr\ d yGw J ikd ;f ausmf "m;csurf sm;udk &S;D xifcsw d uf tvG,w f ul
a&S m if x G u f o G m ;onf h t Nyif rd r d \ wynf h o k H ; a,muf u d k y g tEd k i f , l o G m ;Nyef a omaMumif h 'G m &ud k ; ayguf r S
rD;ckd;xGufatmifyif a'gtyGMuD;yGoGm;onf/
xd k v l M uD ; onf &S D ; xif c sd w f \ aemuf b uf o k d Y vS p f c eJ a Ny;0if v mum aemuf a usmud k " m;&S n f N zif h
xdk;pdkufcsvdkufawmhonf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf odik ;f orm;ok;H a,mufukd wdu k cf u dk Ef rdS ef if;aeaomfvnf; xdv k Ml uD;udak wmh arhavsmhxm;onf
r[kwfay/
xdkvlMuD;\ vIyf&Sm;rIudk tuJcwfum aeonf/
aemufausmbufrS avvIyf&Sm;oHudk cHpm;&onfESifh rdrdudk aemufbufrS tydkiftEdkifwdkufckdufvmNyD
NzpfaMumif; em;vnfvdkufonf/
xdkYaMumifh "m;&Snfudk aemufNyefvSnfhum qD;MudKxdk;ESufvdkufonf/
xd k v l M uD ; \"m;csuf o nf &nf & G , f & mod k Y ra&muf / &S D ; xif c sd w f \ "m;csuf r sm;u
qD;MudKacszsufypfvkdufEdkifonf/
aemufausmrS tvpfzrf;wdkufckdufvmrIudk acszsufNyD;onfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf aemufodkYcsmceJvSnfhum
e*g;NzLawmifNzKdodkif;uGufESifh xdkvlMuD;udk wdkufppfqifonf/
"m;a&;aumif;aom xdkvlMuD;uvnf; tpGrf;ukefxkwfum "m;csufrsm;udk ckcHonf/
ol o nf "m;ok d i f ; ynmpG r f ; xuf N ruf o l w pf a ,muf Nzpf a omf v nf ; &S D ; xif c sd w f \
e*g;NzLawmifNzdKodkif;uGufudkum; &ifqdkifEdkifNcif; r&Sd/
"m;&dyf"m;a&mifrsm;u olUudkvTrf;rdk;0ef;&Hxm;onf/
tNyif;txef MudK;pm;ckcHygaomfvnf; rnfokdYrQ rwwfEdkifbJ &SD;xifcsdwf\"m;csuf txdcH&um
aNrMuD;ay:vJusoGm;onf/
xd k v l M uD ; \ aemuf v k d u f od k i f ; orm;ok H ; a,muf w d k Y rS m aMumuf p &maumif ; vS a om wd k u f y G J u d k
wtHhwMoMunfh&if; ausmuf&kyfrsm;yrm rvIyfr,Suf &SdaeMuonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdY uRefawmfeJY &ifqdkifcsifMuao;vm;? &ifrqdkif&Jbl;qdk&ifawmh 'Dae&mu tNrefqkH;oGm;Muayawmh}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f u xd k o k d i f ; orm;ok H ; a,muf u d k pd r f ; pd r f ; Munf h u maNym&if ; "m;&S n f u d k "m;td r f x J o d k Y
Nyefxnfhvdkufonf/
raNy;&JaomaMumifh aMumufvefYpGm &yfaeMuaom xdkokdif;orm;okH;a,mufwdkYrSm bmpum;rQqdkraeMubJ
ukefonfyGJpm;toGif 0wfqifxm;aom vlMuD;udkxrf;,lum taNy;tvTm;yif xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif 0rf;tifarmufvnf; a&muf&Sdvmonf/
236
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufudk tusKd;taMumif; aNymNyvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf olwdkY c&D;qufum xGufvmcJhMuonf/

&SD;xifcsdwfwkdYvlpk c&D;qufum xGufvmcJhMuonf/


vrf;c&D;wGif aemufxyftaESmifht,Suf rawGU&aomfvnf; owd&Sd&SdNzifh ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfum
vmcJh&aomaMumifh c&D;odyfrwGifvSay/
aer0ifrDyif ql;MuLNrdKUodkYa&muf&Sd&ef rlvu &nf&G,fcJhaomfvnf; c&D;zifhaeaomaMumifh ae0ifcsdefwGif
vrf;c&D;rS&Gmwpf&GmNzpfaom 0lcefY&GmokdYom a&muf&SdoGm;Muonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm; tvpfvma&mufwdkufckdufrIudk umuG,fEdkif&eftwGuf olwdkYonf &GmxJwGif
0ifa&mufwnf;ckdNcif;rNyKbJ &GmxdyfZ&yfMuD;wGifom wpfnwm em;ae&ef pDpOfMuonf/
Z&yfMuD;rSm &GmESifh wpfac:omoma0;onf/ a[mif;EGrf;tdkrif;aeaomfvnf; tawmfyifaumif;aeao;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu Z&yfa&SUwGif rD;ykHwpfckNyKvkyfum vrf;c&D;twGuf vdk&rnf& aqmifvmcJhaom &du©mrsm;xJrS
tom;aNcmuftcsKdUudk xkwfum rD;uifonf/
,efzdefzdefu a&bl;udk xkwf,lvdkufonf/
npmud k Nzpf o vd k p m;aomuf & ef Nyif q if a eqJ r S m yif 0l c ef & G m xJ r S aps;onf [ k x if & aom
vli,fwpfa,mufonf Ncif;awmif;MuD;ESpfckudk xrf;ydk;ESifhvQKdxrf;um Z&yfMuD;&Sd&mokdY OD;wnfavQmufvSrf;vmonf/
]]"acgufqGJNyKwf&r,f? Muufaygif;&r,f? bJaygif;&r,f}}
xdkolonf yg;pyfrS toHus,fus,fNzifhvnf; atmf[pfvmao;onf/
tom;aNcmufrD;zkwfNzifh npmNzpfovdk pm;&rnfudk pdwfysufaeaom ,efzdefzdefonf acgufqGJNyKwfonftm;
vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
]]acgufqGJNyKwf&r,f? Muufaygif;&r,f? bJaygif;&r,f}}
aps;onfu xyfrH atmfNyefonf/
]]tpfudkav; ... Muufaygif;acgufqGJ pm;csifw,f}}
,efzdefzdefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;Munfhum aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efzdefzdefudk bmrQNyefraNymao;bJ aps;onfudkomvSrf;í tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/
aps;onfrSm udk,fcE¨mcyfydefydef Nzpfonf/ xrf;ydk;udk rEdkifwEdkifxrf;vm&onfh toGifrsKd;Nzifh aNcvSrf;rsm;
,dkifwd,dkifwdkif Nzpfaeonf/
aps;onf Z&yfa&SUem;okdY a&mufvmonf/
Muufaygif;acgufqGJpm;csifvSaom ,efzdefzdefonf aps;onf&Sd&modkY avQmufoGm;um MudKvifhaeonf/
aps;onfonf xrf;xm;aom qdkif;xrf;udk &kwfw&ufypfcsvdkufonf/
rsufpdrNrifaom 0rf;tifarmufonf ,efzdefzdef\ pum;udkMum;&onfhtwGuf acgufqGJa&mif;aom
aps;onfwpfa,muf Z&yfbufokdY a&SU&IvmaeaMumif; odvdkufonf/
Z&yfokdY avQmufvSrf;vmaomaNcoHudk aoaocsmcsm pl;pdkufem;axmifaeonf/
aNcvSrf;cyf,kdif,dkif Nzpfaeaomfvnf; aNcoHrSmyDovSonf/
xdYk aemuf avQmufvrS ;f xGuof mG ;aom ,efzed zf ed \
f aNcoHEiS hf txrf;udak tmufoYkd csvdu
k o
f u
H kd 0rf;tifarmuf
Mum;&onf/ txrf;atmufodkY usoGm;oHonf ayghyg;vSonf/ txrf;udkxrf;&if; aNcvSrf;,drf;,dkifatmif
avQmuf v mcJ h & onf h t wG u f txrf ; onf t awmf y if av;vH & rnf N zpf o nf / aNrMuD ; ay:od k Y txrf ; ud k
ypfcsvdkufoHuvnf; av;av;yifyif &Sdae&rnfNzpfonf/
,ck txrf;ypfcsvkdufoHu ayghyg;ae&m 0rf;tifarmuf\ pdwfxJwGif oHo,awG yGm;vmonf/
tEÅ&m,ftaiGUtouf rsm;udkvnf; Nrifa,mifvmonf/
]]rdef;uav; ... owdxm;}}
0rf;tifarmufonf EIwfrSatmf[pf [efYwm;&if; vsifNrefpGmckefvTm;um ,efzdefzdefudk zrf;qGJvdkufonf/

237
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]0Spf ... 0Spf ... 0Spf}}
]]0SD; ... 0SD; ... 0SD;}}
xrf;ydk;Nzifh qdkif;xm;aom Ncif;awmif;ESpfckxJrS tqdyfvl;tyfi,fav;rsm; vGifhysHxGufum ,efzdefzdefxHokdY
wef;0ifvm\/
vufrwifav;[k qdk&rnf/
0rf;tifarmuf\ tcsdefrD qGJz,fwGef;xkwfvkdufrIaMumifh tqdyfvl;tyfrsm;onf ,efzdefzdef\ab;rS
oDoDav;uyfum vGJacsmfxGufoGm;onf/
aps;onfta,mifaqmifxm;aom &efolonf qdkif;xrf;udkypfcsNyD;onfESifh csmceJvSnfhum wcsKd;wnf;
xGufaNy;oGm;onf/
&S;D xifcswd rf mS aMumiftrf;trf;Nzpfum Munfah e&mrS owdNyef0ifvmNyD; e*g;tpG,v
f ufeufyek ;f udk xkw, f u
l m
xGufaNy;oGm;aom &efoludk vSrf;ypfcwfvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif aNy;xGufoGm;aomolonf aNcvSrf;q,fvSrf; tuGmokdYyif a&mufaeNyDNzpfonf/
odkYaomf &SD;xifcsdwf\vufqrSm onfrQavmuf tuGmta0;udk xdrdatmif ypfcwfEdkifpGrf; &Sdonf/
e*g;tpG,f vufeufykef;onf xdkol\aemufausmudk ususee xdrdonf/
]]tm; ...}}
xdkolonf wpfcsufom atmfEdkifNyD; arSmufvsufom; vJusoGm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf qdkif;xrf;wGif wGJcsdwfxm;aom Ncif;awmif;ESpfckudk qGJ,lvTifhypfvkdufNyefonf/
Ncif;awmif;rsm;xJwGif acgufqGJvnf;r&Sd/ Muufaygif;vnf; ryg/ bJaygif;vnf; rNrif&/
tqdyfvl;tyfrsm;udk ypfcwfEdkifonfh vQKdU0Sufcvkwf wyfqifxm;aom 0g;aNymif;tcsKdUudkom awGU&onf/
0rf;tifarmufonf ,efzdefzdefudk NyefvTwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]tif; e*g;euf*dkPf;uawmh wu,fudk oJMuD;rJMuD;eJY igwdkYudk vdkuf&efrlaewmygyJvm;? a&SUquf&r,fh
vrf;c&D;rSm b,fvdktEÅ&m,frsKd;awG &ifqdkif&OD;r,f rodbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; acgif;ndwfNyum ...
]][kwfw,fAsm? 'Dtwdkif;qdk olwdkYu y&d,m,ftrsKd;rsKd;eJY MuHzefNyD; vkyfMuHwdkufcdkufMuOD;rSmyJ}}
]]at; ... 'Dawmh igwdkYtaeeJY ydkNyD; owd0d&d,&SdMuzdkY vdkwmayghuGm}}
Muufaygif;acgufqGJudk pm;vdkpdwfaMumifh wpfcsufayghqrdonfESifh toufygoGm;vkeD;yg;Nzpfum aoab;rS
oDoDav;vGwfaNrmufvmcJhol ,efzdefzdefrSm pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI raNyao;/ &ifckefaeqJ Nzpfonf/
rsufvkH;tNyL;om;ESifh &SD;xifcsdwfudkwvSnfh? 0rf;tifarmufudkwvSnfh Munfhaerdawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf xdkaeYntzdkU tdyfw0ufEdk;w0ufom tdyfpufMuonf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;om;rsm; vma&mufwdkufcdkufvmvQif toifh&Sdap&ef owdNzifh Nyifqifxm;cJhMuonf/
okdY&mwGif xdkaeYnu rnfonfhtaESmifht,SufrQ xyfrHay:aygufvmNcif; r&SdcJhay/
aemufwaeYeHeuf t&kPfusif;vmonfESifh olwdkYonfc&D;qufum xGufvmcJhonf/
ql;MuLNrdKUodkYa&muf&ef rdkifig;q,fcefY vdkayao;onf/
vrf;c&D;wGif taESmifht,Suf tEÅ&m,frsm;aMumifh c&D;rzifhvQif xdkaeYnaeydkif;avmufwGif ql;MuLNrdKUokdY
a&mufEdkifonf/
t&kPfOD;avNynfav;onf &Sif;oefYvSonf/
pdwfusOf;usyfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY okH;a,muftzdkY oefYpifat;Nraom avNynfav;aMumifh tawmfyif
Munfvifvef;qef;vmonf/
0lcefY&GmrS xGufvmpwGif c&D;oGm;tcsKdUudk awGUcJh&aomfvnf; wpp a0;vmonfESifhtrQ vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif
vloGm;vlvmr&SdbJ &Sif;vif;íaeonf/
wm;qD;aESmifh,SufrIrsm;vnf; rawGU&ao;ay/

238
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkYaomf ... aexef;wzsm;omom tcsdefodkY a&mufvmaomtcg ...
]]tpfudkav;? [kdrSm Munfhprf;ygOD;}}
,efzdefzdefu a&SUwl&lodkY vufnSdK;nTefNyNyD; ta&;wMuD;trlt&mESifh aNymvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efzdefzdefnTefNy&mokdY Munfhonf/
0rf;tifarmufvnf; em;udkpGifhum toHrsm;udk em;axmifvdkufonf/
olwdkY\a&SUwl&l tawmfa0;a0;wGif zkHvkH;wpfck xaeonfudk vSrf;Nrif&onf/
zkHvkH;onf vrf;rMuD;twkdif; olwdkY&Sd&mokdY a&GUvsm;vmaeonf/
]]Munfh&wm vlwpfa,mufNrif;udk tNyif;pkdif;ESifvmaewJh ykHyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrd\xifNrifcsufudk aNymonf/
]][kwfw,f? Nrif;pD;orm;wpfa,mufyJ? Nrif;udk uqkefpkdif;NyD; pD;vmaew,f}}
aomwtm&k H a umif ; vS a om 0rf ; tif a rmuf o nf Nrif ; cG m oH r sm;ud k cyf o J h o J h M um;&onf h t wG u f
xkwfazmfaNymvdkufonf/
]]'Dvl b,folNzpfrvJ rodbl;? uRefawmfa&SUu oGm;ESifhNyD; Munfhvdkufr,f? OD;OD;eJY zdefzdefwdkYu aemufuae
Nznf;Nznf;vdkufcJhaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNymaNymqdkqdkyif Nrif;udk aNcwdkYum tNyif;pkdif;ESifxGufoGm;onf/
a&SUwl&lrS Nrif;pD;orm;uvnf; Nrif;udk tNyif;pkdif;um vmaeonf/
onfawmh ...
olwdkYESpfa,muf\ tuGmta0;rSm eD;onfxufeD;vmonf/
rMumyg/ wzuf Nrif;pD;orm;udk &SD;xifcsdwf vlvkH;oJuGJpGm Nrifvm&onf/
xd k o l o nf touf a v;q,f c ef Y &S d o nf / &k y f & nf o ef Y Nyef U um a,muf s m;acsm acsmonf /
vl&nfoefUwpfa,muf NzpfykH&onf/ &SD;xifcsdwf0wfxm;ovdkyif tNzLa&mif 0wfpkHudk 0wfxm;onf/
pD;vmonfh Nrif;uvnf; abmfaiGa&mif Nrif;aumif;Nrif;oefUMuD; Nzpfonf/
Nrif;csif; wNznf;Nznf; eD;vmonf/
rnfolurQ t&Sdefudk ravQmhao;/
tNyif; pkdif;ESifaeMuqJ/
Nrif;rsm;udk tNyif;pkdif;ESifae&if; wpfa,mufudkwpfa,mufvnf; pl;prf;ovdk tuJcwfMunfhaeMuonf/
Nrif ; csif ; acgif ; csif ; qd k i f wd k ; rd v k a wmh r S 0wf p k H N zLES i f h vl & nf o ef Y u ol U Nrif ; NzLMuD ; ud k wk H U ceJ
Zufowf&yfvkdufonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; olUNrif;udk ZufqGJvdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzLESifh vl&nfoefY\Nrif;u csufcsif;yif wkHY&yfoGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwf\Nrif;url wpfywfvnfNyD;rSom
&yfwefYoGm;\/
ESpfa,mufom; rsufESmcsif;qdkifum wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf MunfhvdkufMuonf/
]]'gu b,fvdkoabmvJ rdwfaqG? "m;NywdkufcsifvdkYvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0wfpkHNzLESifhvludk pdrf;pdrf;Munfhum avoHrmrmESifh ar;onf/
olUpum;oHu rmausmaeaomfvnf; 0wfpkHNzLESifhvlonf pdwfqdk;onfhtoGif rNy/
ESpfvdkzG,f&mNyKH;um om,macsiHpGm NyefaNymonf/
]]tdk ... pdwfr&SdygeJY? pdwfr&SdygeJY? usKyf&JUtNyKtrl &dkif;pkdif;oGm;&if cGifhvTwfyg? tJ ... armif&ifav;ar;wmudk
aNz&r,fqdk&if armif&ifav; xifovdk r[kwfygbl;? usKyfu armif&ifav;udk aiGay;zdkY vmcJhwmyg}}
xdkol\pum;aMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tHhMooGm;&onf/
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh rdrdudk aiGay;&rnfenf;/ xdkolrnfolenf;/
pdwfxJwGif odkYavmodkYavm awG;awmrdaomfvnf; £aNE´rysuf&atmif xdef;um avoHrSefrSefESifhyif
NyefaNymonf/
]]uRefawmfhudk aiGay;rvdkY [kwfp? 'guaum bmoabmvJ? 'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmfucifAsm;udk "m;Nywkdufovdk
NzpfoGm;rSmaygh}}
239
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]armif&ifav;uvJ &,fp&m aNymwwfom;yJudk;? xm;ygawmhav? usKyfu NyóemwpfcktwGuf
aNz&Sif;ay;csifvdkYyg? aNz&Sif;rSmuvJ at;at;aq;aq; aNyaNyvnfvnf aNz&Sif;csifwmyg? b,fNyóemrqdk
&efvdkpdwfeJY r[kwfbJ at;at;aq;aq; aNyaNyvnfvnf aNymqdkaNz&Sif;Edkif&if aNyat;EkdifwmyJ r[kwfvm;}}
od k i f ; avmuwG i f tawG U tMuKH E k e ,f v S a o;aom &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf xd k o l u acsacsiH i H E S i f h
&nfrGefpGmaNymqdkvmrIaMumifh tm;wkHYtm;emyif NzpfoGm;&onf/
rdrd\avoHESifh [efyefu rmausmaeavrnfvm;[lívnf; awG;awmpdk;&drfrdonf/
]]aNymp&m&Sdw,fqdk&if aNymEdkifygw,f? uRefawmfem;axmifzdkY toifhygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tvdkuftxdkufyif NyefaNymonf/
]]usKyfaNymcsifwJhpum;u armif&ifav;wdkYeJU twlygvmwJh [dkrdef;uav;eJY ywfoufaeygw,f}}
,efzdefzdefudk &nf&G,faNymqdkaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfvdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh ... aNymyg}}
]]'Dvdkyg? tJ'Drdef;uav;eJU ywfoufNyD; armif&ifav;u b,fvdkrS rpGufzufawmhbJ a&Smifay;apcsifygw,f?
'Dvdk a&Smifay;&r,fqdk&if usKyfwdkYu armif&ifav;twGuf aiGtoNymawG aus;Zl;wkYHNyefyghr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf &kwfw&uf NyeftaNzray;ao;bJ tomawGa0um pOf;pm;aeonf/
xdkolu qufí ...
]][k d r d e f ; uav;[m armif & if a v;eJ Y aoG ; om;awmf p yf w mvJ r[k w f y gbl ; ? vrf ; ay:rS m
rawmfwqMuKHawGUcJh&wJh bmr[kwfnmr[kwf rdef;uav;wpfa,muftwGuf odyfNyD; iJhnSmraeygeJY? usKyfwdkYudk
ulnDr,fqdk&if armif&ifav;twGuf toNymwpfodef; ay;yghr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;rdonf/
toNymwpfoed ;f qdo k nfrmS xdt k cgu olaX;av;wpfa,muftNzpf woufv;Hk rylryifbJ pm;aomufaexdik f
oGm;Edkifavmufonfh aiGaMu;yrmP Nzpfonf r[kwfygvm;/
0wfpkHNzL0wf vl&nfoefYonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk tuJcwfumMunfhNyD; qufvufaNymNyefonf/
]]odyfNyD; pOf;pm;raeygeJY armif&ifav;&m? bmvJ usKyfay;wJhaiGu enf;aevdkYvm;? 'Dvdkqdk&if xyfwkd;NyD;
wpfodef;ig;aomif; ay;r,fav? b,fvdkvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyif tHhtm;oifhoGm;&onf/
]]'Davmufawmif aiGawG ykHay;aewmaxmuf&if 'Drdef;uav;udk olwdkY odyftvdk&Sdaewm trSefyJ?
taNctaeod&atmif a&vdkufig;vdkuf Nyefar;MunfhrSyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkokdYpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf pdwfryghwyg trlt&mNzifh ...
]]cifAsm;wkYd u 'Dvakd iGaMu; ykaH y;aerSawmh uRefawmfuvJ pOf;pm;&rSmaygh? 'gayr,fh ay;wJah iGuenf;aew,f}}
]]armif&ifav;u b,favmufrsm; vdkcsifvdkYvJ aNymyg}}
]]tckay;wJhaiGxuf q,fqwdk;ay;Edkifrvm;}}
]]wpfq,fhig;odef; [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? tJ'Davmuf aiGaMu;yrmP &r,fqdk&if odkif;avmuxJrSm uRefawmfhudk txiftNrifao;NyD;
&Iwfcsygap uRefawmf tav;rxm;awmhbl;}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlu oufNyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufNyD; ...
]]wpfq,fhig;odef;qdkawmh rrsm;vGef;bl;vm;uG,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0wfpkHNzL0wfvludk pl;pdkufMunfh&if; nmbufEIwfcrf;axmifhav; wGefY&kHNyKH;vdkufum ...
]]b,fuvm rsm;vGef;&rSmvJ? tckudpöu wefzdk;rNzwfEdkifbl;qdkwm cifAsm; em;vnfygvdrfhr,f?
uRefawmfhtaeeJYuvJ udk,fhemrnfeJY udk,fh*kPfodu©mudk tpGef;xif;cHNyD; vkyf&rSmudk xnfhpOf;pm;ygOD;? tckawmif
cifAsm;&JU &nf&nfrGefrGef aNymqdkwwfwmudk oabmusvkdY tm;emNyD; 'DavmufaNymwm? tNcm;vlawGqdk&if 'Dxufru
awmif;rdrSm trSefyJ}}
0wfpkHNzL\ rsufESmtrlt&mwpfrsKd; NzpfoGm;onf/ odkYaomf csufcsif;yif pdwfudkxdef;vdkuf[efNzifh Nyefvnf
NyKH;csKdMunfvifvmonf/
240
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]armif&ifav;? anmifoD;udkvJpm;? av;oHudkvJ em;axmifqdkwJh pum;&Sdygw,f? ESpfOD;ESpfzuf rQrQww
tay;t,lvyk Mf u&if ESpzf ufv;Hk tusKd;&Srd mS yg? usKyfay;wJh aiGaMu;yrmP[m renf;ygbl;? armif&ifav; wpfoufv;Hk
pm;aomufvdkY rukefEdkifygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ryGifhwyGifh NyKH;vdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlMuD;\ pum;rsm;xJwGif Ncdrf;aNcmufrI rodrom yg0ifaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
xdktcsdefwGif 0rf;tifarmufESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYonf &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk vdkufrDvmMuonf/
okdYaomf olwdkYESpfa,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0wfpkHNzL0wfvl&nfoefYwdkY pum;aNymaeonfh ae&mtxdawmh
vma&mufNcif;r&Sb d J cyfvrS ;f vSr;f wGio f m Nrif;rsm;udk Zufowfum &yfvsuftaNctaeudk tuJcwf Munfah eMuonf/
]]uJ ... uRefawmfwdkY tay;t,lrwnfhMubl;? 'Dawmh pum;qufaNymaevdkYvJ tydkyJNzpfr,f? aus;Zl;NyKNyD;
vrf;z,fay;ygawmh? uRefawmfwdkY c&D;qufp&m &Sdao;w,f}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlonf ,efzdefzdef&Sd&modkY wpfcsuf pl;pkdufMunfhvdkufonf/
ol\tMunfhrSm pl;&SvSonfhtwGuf ,efzdefzdefonf &ifxJwGif xdwfceJNzpfum 0rf;tifarmufteD;okdY
wdk;uyfoGm;rdonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwfbuf NyefvSnfhMunfhum ...
]]uRefawmf pum;ukefaNymNyD;ygNyD? xyfpOf;pm;p&mvJ rvdkawmhygbl;? qufNyD; pum;aNymae&if tcsdefukef&kHyJ
&Sdygvdrfhr,f}}
]]aumif;NyDav? 'Dvdkqdk&ifvJ NyD;wmygyJ? usKyfwdkYuawmh r&&wJhenf;ESifh qufMudK;pm;rSmyJ}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvl&nfoefYonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;onfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk t&dktaoay; EIwfqufum Nrif;udk
aemufNyefvSnfhNyD; pdkif;ESifxGufcGmoGm;avawmhonf/
]]'DvlawGu tawmfudk oJMuD;rJMuD; Nzpfaeygvm;? tMurf;zufNyD; wdkufcdkufw,f? tvpfzrf;wdkufcdkufw,f?
a[m ... tck aiGykHay;NyD; Nzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmif vmNyefNyD? e*g;euf*dkPf;&JU tiftm;u renf;bl;? NyD;awmh olwdkYu
aiG v J t awmf o k H ; Ed k i f y k H &w,f ? aiG y k H a y;NyD ; aMu;pm;od k i f ; tausmf t armf u d k v J ac:tm;Nznf h x m;Ed k i f w ,f ?
a&SUquf&ifqdkif&r,fh tEÅ&m,fu ydkvdkYawmif MuD;vmawmhr,f? igwkdYql;MuLNrdKUudkrS at;at;aq;aq;
a&mufEdkifyghrvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Nrif;ausmukef;ay:wGif xdkif&if; pOf;pm;awG;awmaerdonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvl xGufcGmoGm;NyDrdkY 0rf;tifarmufESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkY &SD;xifcsdwftem;okdY a&mufvmMuonf/
]]tckevludk OD;OD; odvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufudk ar;vdkufonf/
]]igrsufpduef;aew,fqdkwm rif;arhaeNyDxifw,f? tJ'DvludkrS igrNrif&wm? NyD;awmh olUtoHudkawmif
Mum;&wm r[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh olUudkodovm; rodbl;vm;qdkwm igu b,fvdkvkyf aNzEdkifrSmvJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu NyefaNymonf/
]]tif; ... [kwfom;yJ? uRefawmfar;wm avmMuD;oGm;w,f? tJ'Dvlu ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkol\ ykHyef;oP²mefESifhtwl tNyeftvSefaNymqdkMuonfrsm;udk 0rf;tifarmuftm;
NyefaNymNyvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf aNymNyonfrsm;udk em;axmif&if; 0rf;tifarmufrSm rsufESmtrlt&m ysufvmonf/
]]xifcsdwf ... rif;b,fvdk cHpm;ae&ovJ? rif;udk,frSm xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm; Nzpfaewmrsm; &Sdovm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ pum;tqkH;wGif 0rf;tifarmufu pkd;&drfwMuD; ar;vdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\ tar;pum;aMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif tHhMooGm;&onf/
]]uReffawmf bmrSrNzpfygbl;? bmaMumifh 'Dvdkar;&wmvJ[if ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu em;rvnf[efNzifh Nyefar;onf/
]]r[kwfao;bl;? r[kwfao;bl;}}
0rf;tifarmufu acgif;udkcg&rf;um rdrdudk,frdrd aNymovdk wD;wdk;a&&Gwfvdkufonf/

241
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]bmr[kwfao;wmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ar;vdkufNyefonf/
]]rif;aNymwJhtwdkif;omqdk&if tJ'D0wfpkHNzLeJYvl[m odkif;avmu&JUemrnfausmf vlowform; wpfa,mufyJ?
olYemrnfu usifudk;wJh? vufwpfaxmif tqdyfrif;om;vdkYvJ ac:Muw,f}}
]]'gayr,fh olUMunfh&wmuawmh &efvdkykHr&ygbl;}}
]]tJ'Dvdk &efvdkykHr&wmaMumifhudk rif;twGuf pdk;&drfrdwmaygh? usifukd;[m vlwpfa,mufa,mufudk
tEÅ&m,fay;awmhr,fqdk&if b,fawmhrS &efvdkwJhtoGif rNybl;? tNyKH;csKdcsKd taNymaumif;aumif;eJY ysLysLiSmiSm
&nf&nfrGefrGefqufqHNyD; tvpfzrf;wdkufcdkufwmcsnf;yJ}}
]]'gqdk&if tck uRefawmf wpfckckawmh NzpfaeNyDaygh? tckxd bmrSrNzpfbJ aewmu rqef;bl;vm;}}
]]qef;w,fav? 'gaMumifh tpOf;pm;& cufaewmaygh? rif;udk usifudk;u tqdyfvufeufykef; wpfrsKd;rsKd;eJY
wdkufcdkufoGm;rSmawmh trSefyJ? 'gayr,fh rif;uawmh bmrSrNzpfbl;? tqdyfoifhwJh vu©PmvJ r&Sdbl;}}
,efzdefzdefonf 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY ESpfa,muf tNyeftvSef aNymqdkaeMuonfh pum;rsm;udk
rsufESmi,fav;ESifh em;axmifaeonf/ &SD;xifcsdwf tqdyfoifhEdkifaMumif; od&onfhtwGuf pdwfxJwGiftawmfyif
pdk;&drfylyefaerdonf/
odkYaomf bmaNymí bmvkyf&rnfrS rodaomaMumifh onftwkdif; rsufESmi,fav;ESifh &Sdae&&Smonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf tenf;i,f pOf;pm;MunfhvkdufNyD;aemuf ...
]]xifcsdwf twGif;tm;udk enf;enf;av; pkpnf;Munfhvdkufprf;? trsm;MuD;r[kwfbl;aemf? enf;enf;av;yJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;rSm q,fykHvQif wpfykHyifrNynfhcsifay/
]]b,fvdkaevJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu ar;onf/
]]bmrS rNzpfygbl; OD;OD;}}
]]twGif;tm;u rif;&Jwpfukd,fvkH; a&Sma&Sm&SL&SLvnfywfoGm;&JUvm;}}
]][kwfuJh vnfywfoGm;ygw,f}}
]]'gqdk&if 'Dxufenf;enf;av; twGif;tm;udk ydkNyD;pkpnf;Munfhprf;? odyfawmh rrsm;oGm;apeJY}}
]][kwfuJh OD;OD;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf twGif;tm; q,fykHwpfykH pkpnf;um vnfywfMunfhonf/
twGif;tm; vnfywfrIwpfywf rNynfhrDrSmyif/
]]tvdk ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;vnfywfavhusifhrIudk &kwfNcnf;&yfum EIwfrSvnf; tvefYwMum;
a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
]]b,fvdkNzpfvmvdkYvJ xifcsdwf}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ tpfudkav;}}
0rf;tifarmufESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYESpfa,mufpvkH; pdk;&drfwMuD; 0kdif;ar;vdkufMuonf/
]]&if0rSm atmifhvmw,f? NyD;awmh rsufvkH;awGvJ Nymvmw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]'gqdk twGif;tm; vkH;0rpkpnf;eJYawmh? toufudkvJ aNz;aNz;yJ&SL? NidrfNidrfav;aeae}}
0rf;tifarmufu vuftomNyum tusÐtwGif;tdwfxJrS aMuGykvif;i,fwpfck xkwfum ykvif;xJrS
aq;vkH;av;wpfvkH;udk &SD;xifcsdwftm; wdkufauR;vdkufonf/
xdkokdYaq;wdkufauR;NyD;rS ,efzdefzdefbuf vSnfhMunfhvdkufum ...
]]vufwpfaxmif tqdyfrif;om; usifudk;&JU vQKdU0Suftqdyfvufeufykef;wpfck txdcH&NyD; xl;qef;wJh
tqdyo f ifah ewmyJ? 'Dtqdyu f &d;k &d;k tcsed af wGrmS bmrStpGr;f rNybl;? twGi;f tm; pkpnf;vnfywfvu dk w
f hJ tcsed u
f sro
S m
tpGrf;Nyw,f}}
]]tqdyfaNzvdkY &Edkifyghrvm;}}
242
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tck tqdyfaNzaq;awmh wdkufauR;vkdufygNyD? 'gayr,fh olUudk,frSm pl;0ifaewJh tqdyfvufeufykef;udk
tNrefqkH; EkwfypfrS Nzpfr,f? tqdyfvufeufykef;udk EkwfrypfEdkif&if tqdyfu NyefwufvmEdkifw,f}}
]]tqdyfvufeufykef;u b,fae&mrSm txdcHxm;&wmvJ? uRefr Ekwfay;r,fav}}
]]b,fae&mrSm txdcHxm;&w,fqdkwmudk rodvdkY cufaewmaygh? xifcsdwfudk,fwdkifvJ rodbl;? igu
rsufrNrifqdkawmh b,fvdkrS &SmvdkYr&Edkifbl;? 'Dawmh rdef;uav;yJ tJ'Dtqdyfvufeufykef;udk awGUatmif&SmNyD;
Ekwfay;vdkufayawmh}}
,efzdefzdefonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ udk,fay:wGif tqdyfvufeufykef;udk aoaocsmcsm aphaphpyfpyf
vdkuf&SmMunfhonf/
awmfawmfESifh &SmírawGU/
tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ ,efzdefzdefrSm pdk;&drfaomupdwfrsm; ydkrsmvmonf/
tqd y f v uf e uf y k e f ; ud k &S m azG N yD ; Ek w f r ypf E d k i f v Qif tqd y f N yef w uf u m &S D ; xif c sd w f w pf a ,muf
aumif;aumif;MuD; 'ku©awGUEdkifonf r[kwfygvm;/
,ef z d e f z d e f o nf pd k ; &d r f p d w f N zif h &if w 'd e f ; 'd e f ; ck e f v suf tqd y f v uf e uf y k e f ; ud k aph a ph p yf p yf y if
qufvuf&SmazGonf/
aemufqkH;wGif &SD;xifcsdwf\vnfukyfwGif pl;0ifaeaom qHcsnfrQifomomcefY&Sdonfh wpfvufrt&G,f
tyfao;ao;rQifrQifav;wpfckudk &SmawGUaomaMumifh 0rf;tifarmuf xkwfay;aom oHvdkufwkH;udk tokH;NyKum
cufcufcJcJyif Ekwf,lvdkufonf/
tqdyftyfudk Ekwf,lNyD;aemuf 0rf;tifarmufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tqdyfaNzaq;wpfvkH; xyfrHwdkufauR;onf/
]]tqdyftyfudkvJ EkwfNyD;NyD? tqdyfaNzaq;udkvJ xyfwkdufxm;w,f? 'Dawmh rif;twGif;tm;udk
vnfywfavhusifhNyD; aoG;oefYpifatmif vkyfayawmh? yxrrSm twGif;tm; enf;enf;yJ pkpnf;vnfywf? NyD;rS
wNznf;Nznf; wdk;NrSifhNyD; qufavhusifh [kwfvm;}}
0rf;tifarmufu aNymqdknTefMum;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Nrif;ay:rS atmufokdYqif;NyD; wifysOfacGxdkifvsuf twGif;tm;avhusifhNcif; NyKvkyfonf/
0rf;tifarmufESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYvnf; Nrif;rsm;ay:rS toD;oD;qif;vdkufMuum rvSrf;rurf;wGifxdkif&if;
&SD;xifcsdwf twGif;tm;avhusifhonfudk apmifhay;aeMuonf/
xdkokdYapmifhqdkif;&if; 0rf;tifarmufu usifudk;\ qef;Nym;aom tqdyfrsm;taMumif;udk ,efzdefzdeftm;
&Sif;Nyavonf/
usifudk;onf vufwpfaxmif tqdyfrif;om;[lí wifpm;tac:cH&avmufatmifyif vufeufykef;ynmESifh
tqdyfynmwdkYwGif tvGefyifuRrf;usifonf/
[dwf[ef trlt&mtoGiftNyifvnf; tvGefaumif;onf/ taMumif;rodvQif tvGefvl&nfoefYol
wpfa,muf[k xifrdMurnf rvGJay/
olonf wzufvl rod&atmif vufeufykef;ypfcwfrIudk nifnifomom aoaooyfoyf NyKvkyfEdkifonf/
qef;Nym;aomtqdyfrsm;vnf; wDxGiftokH;NyKonf/
,ck &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdkufckduf&mwGif tokH;NyKoGm;aomtqdyfrSm tvGefyifxl;qef;onf/ xdktqdyfonf
omref & d k ; &d k ; tcsd e f t cgwG i f tpG r f ; tmed o if rNy/ twG i f ; tm;ud k pk p nf ; vnf y wf a vaomtcgwG i f r S
tqdyftpGrf;Nyvmonf/
tu,fí 0rf;tifarmufuom odkif;avmuESifh ywfoufonfh tawGUtMuKH rsm;pGm&Sdxm;olr[kwfbJ
usifukd;taMumif;vnf; odrxm;vQif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm a&wdrfepf&rnf rvGJay/
,ckrl 0rf;tifarmufaMumifh tqdyfudk tcsdefrDcsKyfxdef; acszsufEdkifum toufcsrf;om&m &cJhavawmhonf/
tcsdef wpfem&DcefYtMumwGif &SD;xifcsdwf\ twGif;tm;avhusifhrI NyD;pD;oGm;onf/
ezl;wGif acR;rsm;Oaeonf/ aexdkif&onfrSmrl txl;yifaumif;rGefaeNyD Nzpfonf/
&S;D xifcsw d \ f rSw d x
f m;aom rsuv f ;Hk rsm; yGiv
hf maomtcg ,efzed zf ed u f ezl;rS acR;pufrsm;udk y0gwpfxnfNzifh
tomt,mokwfay;onf/
243
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf\ wpfoufwmwGif ,ckvdk i,f&G,fEkysKdaom olpdrf;rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf\ Muifem,k,pGm
NyKpkay;Ncif;udk rcHcJh&zl;ay/
olYpdwfxJwGif wrufwarm cHpm;&um MunfEl;ESpfodrfh oGm;&onf/
]]tpfudkav; ... oufom&JUvm;? aexdkif&wmaum b,fvdkaeovJ[if}}
,efzdefzdefu *&kPmavoHav;eSifh ar;vdkufonf/
toHrSm cyfwdk;wdk;Nzpfonf/ xdkpum;oHav;u &DS;xifcsdwf\pdwftpOfudk wodrfhodrfh vIyfcgoGm;aponf/
]]aeaumif;oGm;ygNyDuG,f? aevdkUxdkifvdkYvnf; odyfaumif;wmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efzdefzdef\ rsufESmav;udk wpdrfhpdrfhMunfhNyD; NyefaNzonf/
pdk;&drfpdwfNzifh ndSK;a&mfa&mfNzpfaeaom ,efzdefzdef\ rsufESmav;rSm &kwfNcnf;yif 0rf;om&TifNrL;rINzifh
vef;qef;MunfvifoGm;awmhonf/

244
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (27)
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYokH;OD; c&D;qufum xGufvmMuonf/
vrf;c&D;wGif tNcm;aom c&D;oGm;rsm;udk rawGU&bJ vloluif;&Sif;aeonf/
]]vrf;rSm vlNywfvScsnfvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf a&&Gwfvkdufrdonf/
]]igvJ rif;wdkYudk aNymawmhrvdkYbJ? 'Dvrf;c&D;u toGm;tvm odyfrsm;w,fvdkY rqdkEdkifayr,fh
c&D;oGm;enf;enf;yg;yg;awmh tNrJ&Sdwwfw,f? tck igwdkYeJYvrf;rSm wNcm;c&D;oGm; wpfa,mufpESpfa,mufpawmif
rawGUcJh&ykHaxmuf&if e*g;euf*dkPf;eJY tEÅ&m,faxmifacsmufawG rMumcifawGU&zdkY aocsmaeNyD/}}
0rf;tifarmufu rSwfcsufcsonf/ ,efzdefzdefuvnf; rsufvkH;0dkif;0dkif;uav;Nzifh ...
]]'Dwpfcg olwdkYu b,fvdky&d,m,frsKd; qifvmr,f rodbl;aemf}}
]]b,fvkd y&d,m,frsKd;qifqif igwdkYu owd&SdzkdYyJ vdkw,f? owd&Sd&SdeJYom vkyfaqmifoGm;r,fqdk&if olwdkY&JU
tEÅ&m,faxmifacsmufawGudk ausmfvTm;Edkifygvdrfhr,f}}
0rf;tifarmufu tm;ay;pum; aNymonf/
]]tvdk ... [kdrSmMunfhygOD;}}
,efzdefzdefu tvefYwMum;aNymum wpfae&modkY vufnSdK;nTefNyaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfvSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m
pmaNcmuf&kyfwpf&kyfudk Nrif&onf/
245
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]bmrsm; awGU&vdkYvJ}}
rsufpduef;aeol 0rf;tifarmufu ar;onf/
]]pmaNcmuf&kyfwpf&kyfudk awGU&vkdYyg OD;OD;? 'Dae&mteD;tem;rSm v,f,mpkdufcif;awGvJ wpfckrS r&SdbJ
pmaNcmuf&kyfudk awGU&wm tawmfqef;w,f}]
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefaNzonf/
]]pmaNcmuf&kyfay:rSm xl;Ncm;wm &Sdovm;}]
]]&Sdygw,f}}
]]bmrsm;vJ}}
]]pmaNcmuf&kyfay:rSm pmawG a&;xm;ygw,f}}
]]bmawGwJhvJ? zwfNyprf;ygOD;}}
]]i&JokdY Nzwfvrf; ... wJh}}
]]'g[m usifukd;&JU axmifaNcmufwpfck NzpfEdkifw,f? teD;tem;udk aphaphpyfpyf tuJcwfMunfhprf;}}
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf teD;tem;udk vSnyhf wftuJcwf Munfo h nf/ oHo,Nzpfp&m[lí wpfcw k avrQ rawGU&ay/
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0rf;tifarmufxH NyefoGm;um rouFmp&mqdkí bmrQrawGU&aMumif; aNymNyonf/
0rf;tifarmufu &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYESpfa,muf Mum;Edkif&kH wD;wkd;avoHNzifh ...
]]igwdkYu usifudk;udkNyefNyD; y&d,m,fqif&r,f? igaNymwmudk aoaocsmcsm em;axmif? xifcsdwfu
pmaNcmuf&kyfem;udk oGm;NyD; ...}}
0rf;tifarmufu vkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk avoHwkd;wkd;Nzifh qufvuf&Sif;Nyonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\ tpDtpOftwkdif; &SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;wpfckudk ,efzdefzdefvufokdY
ay;vdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf olwdkYokH;a,mufonf 0rf;tifarmuf\ tpDtpOftwdkif; pwifvIyf&Sm;Muavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkY ESpfa,mufonf pmaNcmuf&kyftem;okdY csOf;uyfoGm;Muonf/
,efzdefzdefu cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS&yfum olwdkYESpfa,mufudk rsufawmifrcwfwrf; tomapmihfMunfhaeonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\tpDtpOfwGif wpfckckvGJacsmfoGm;rnfudk ,efzdefzdef tvGefpkd;&drfrdonf/ vkyfaqmif&rnfh
tvkyfrsm;u tvGefyif tEÅ&m,frsm;vSonf/ tenf;i,f cRwfacsmf wdrf;apmif;oGm;onfESifh ...
,efzdefzdefonf &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh &Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkY pmaNcmuf&kyftem;okdY a&mufoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwfum pmaNcmuf&kyfudkvSrf;ckwfonf/
"m;a&mifvufceJNzpfum pmaNcmuf&kyfrSm cg;v,frSxufykdif;NywfoGm;onf/
]]0Spf ...}}
]]0Spf ... 0Spf ... 0Spf}}
]]0Spf 0Spf}}
NywfoGm;aom pmaNcmuf&kyfxJrS tqdyfvufeufykef;rsm; vGifhysHxGufvmonf/ xdkYNyif rD;cdk;vkH;wpfckvnf;
aumif;uifokdY xdk;wufoGm;onf/
]]tm; ... tr,fav;}}
]]tm; ... tm;}}
atmf[pfoHrsm;ESifhtwl 0rf;tifarmufwdkYESpfa,muf aNrMuD;ay:odkY vJusoGm;onf/
,efzdefzdef\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufoHuyg qufwdkufay:vmonf/
]]tr,fav; 'ku©ygyJ? tpfudkav;eJY OD;OD;wdkYudk xdukefNyD}}
,efzdefzdefonf &SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwkdY vJus&mae&modkY aNy;oGm;um wpfa,mufpDudk
vIyf,rf;Munfhvdkufonf/

246
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tpfudkav; ... tpfudkav;}}
]]OD;OD; ... OD;OD;}}
EIwfrSvnf; ac:aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmufwdkYrSm t&kyfMudK;Nywfvdk NzpfaeMuonf/
]]ac:vdkYvJ r&awmhygvm;? 'ku©ygyJ 'ku©ygyJ}}
,efzdefzdefonf atmf[pfidkaMuG;aeavawmhonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; aiGtoNymay;wmudk at;at;aq;aq; r,lbJ acgif;rmaecJhwJhaumif? tckawmh
bmrsm;wwfEdkifao;vJ}}
&,farmaNymqdkoHESifhtwl ,efzdefzdef\tem;odkY vl&dyfwpf&dyf a&muf&Sdvmonf/ usifukd;yifwnf;/
usifukd;onf pmaNcmuf&kyfxJwGif tqdyftyfrsm;udk vQKdU0Sufcvkwfrsm;Nzifh qifum xnfhxm;cJhonf/ xdkYNyif
tcsufay;rD;cdk;vkH; vTifhxkwfEdkif&efvnf; pDrHxm;cJhonf/
xdkYaemuf pmaNcmuf&kyfxm;&m ae&mESifh tawmfa0;onfhae&mwGif ykef;atmif; apmihfqkdif;aecJhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu pmaNcmuf&kyfudk "m;Nzifhckwfydkif;vkdufonfhtcgwGif vQKdU0Sufcvkwfrsm;yGifhum tqdyftyfrsm;
vTifhysHxGufvmonfhtNyif tcsufay;rD;ckd;vkH;vnf; aumif;uifay: xdk;wufoGm;cJhonf/
ta0;rS tomapmifhMunfhaeol usifudk;onf tcsufay;rD;ckd;vkH; wufvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg
rdrd\y&d,m,fqifuGuf axmifacsmufxJokdY &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY wdk;0ifMuNyDNzpfaMumif; awG;xifum ,ckvdka&mufvmNcif;
Nzpfonf/
usifukd;onf aNrMuD;ay:wGif t&kyfMudK;Nywfovdk acGacgufumvJusaeMuaom &SD;xifcsdwfESifh
0rf;tifarmufwdkYudk rsufpd0ifhum wpfcsufMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]b,fvdkvJ aumifrav;? eiftm;udk;wJhvlESpfa,mufawmh MuGukefMuNyD? eif ighaemufudk vdkufcJhayawmh}}
]]&Sif ... awmfawmf tMuHyufpufygvm;? a,musfm;MuD;wpfa,muf vkyfaeNyD; ckd;aMumifckd;0Suf
MuHpnfwdkufcdkufw,f? rvdkufEdkifbl;? bmaMumifhvdkuf&rSmvJ}}
,efzdefzdefu taMumuftuefyif NyefaNymonf/
pum;oHrSm idkoHygaeovdk rsufvkH;rsm;rSvnf; rsuf&nfawG pD;usaeonf/
]]awmuf ... igu at;at;aq;aq; ac:aewmudk eifu aumif;aumif; rvdkufcsifbJukd;}}
usifudk;onf xdk okdYaNymNyD;aemuf Nrif;ay:rSatmufokdY vTm;ceJ ckefqif;vdkufonf/ aNrMuD;ay:okdY
a&mufonfESifh ,efzdefzdef\teD;okdY vSpfceJ aNy;uyfoGm;um yg;udk vufNyef&dkufcsvdkufonf/
]]Nzef; ...}}
,efzdefzdefrSm usifudk;\&kdufcsufaMumifh acgif;vnfxGufvsuf cE¨mudk,frSm ,drf;,dkifoGm;onf/
ol\yg;NyifxufwGifvnf; ndKrnf;aom vuf&mMuD; xifoGm;onf/
]]b,fvdkvJ igac:wmudk vdkufrvm;}}
usifukd;u xyfar;onf/
]]rvkdufbl; rvkdufbl;? tvum; owdår&SdwJh vlMuD;}}
,ef z d e f z d e f u atmf a Nymvd k u f & m usif u k d ; vnf ; a'goxG u f o G m ;NyD ; ,ef z d e f z d e f u d k
&dkufESufuefausmufavawmhonf/
usifudk;\ &dkufESufuefausmufrIrsm;aMumifh ,efzdefzdefrSm r[efEdkifawmhbJ aNrMuD;ay: wvdrfhaumufauG;
vJusum vdrfhxGufoGm;onf/
usifudk;onf at;pufrmausmaom tMunfhNzifh ,efzdefzdefudk MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]eif tom;xyfemcsifao;vkdYvm; aumifrav;}}
]]uRef ... uRefr vkdufyghr,f&Sif? uRwfuRwf ...}}
,efzdefzdefu tm;i,fpdwfysufonfh toHNzifh aNymonf/
]]uJ ... 'gqdk Nrif;ay:wuf}}
usifudk;u cyfaigufaiguf aNymonf/
247
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efzdefzdefonf vJusae&mrS tomxonf/ xdkokdYx&if; emusifoGm;[efNzifh pkwfoyfnnf;nLum
aNcaxmufwpfzufudk tomESdyfe,fí aeonf/
]]bmNzpfwmvJ}}
]]'ku©ygyJ? aNcaxmuftqpfvGJ oGm;NyDeJY wlw,f? xvkdY r&awmhbl;}}
]]awmuf ... awmfawmftvky&f yI af tmifvyk w f hJ aumifrav;? tom;temcHNyD;rS igaNymwmudk em;axmifwwfwhJ
tusifhudkNyifprf;? igpdwf&Sdwdkif; vkyfypf&&if aoawmhrSmyJ? uJ xx ...}}
usifudk;onf tEdkif&olyDyD auseyfyDwdNzpfpGm aNym&if; ,efzdefzdefudk tomt,m qGJxlvdkufonf/
,efzdefzdefuvnf; usifudk;udk tm;NyKum rwfwwfx&yfNyD; ...
]]tm; ... uRwfuRwf? uRefr Nrif;ay:udk wuf&OD;rSmvm;}}
]]at; wuf&r,f}}
usifudk;onf ,efzdefzdefpD;onfh Nrif;MuD;&Sd&mokdY wGJac:oGm;onf/
,efzdefzdefu Nrif;ay:odkY MudK;pm;um wufonf/
usifudk;onf tomyif at;at;aq;aq; &yfMunfhaeonf/
&DS;xifcsdwfwdkY aoqkH;oGm;NyDNzpfí tm;udk;p&m r&Sdawmhaom ,efzdefzdefrSm rdrd\vufckyfxJua& b0rsKd;
a&mufaeNyD[k wGufxm;onf/
,ef z d e f z d e f o nf pk w f o yf n nf ; nL&if ; Mud K ;pm;NyD ; wuf & m aemuf q k H ; wG i f Nrif ; ay:ok d Y
a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhonf/
Nrif;ukef;ESD;ay:okdY a&mufoGm;onfESifh Nrif;\wifyg;udk nmvuf0g;Nzifh cyfNyif;Nyif;&dkufvdkufonf/
Nrif;onf csufcsif;yif uqkefpkdif;um aNy;xGufoGm;avawmhonf/
usifudk;onf &kwfw&uf bmvkyf&rnfrSef;rodbJ aMumiftrf;trf;ESifh &yfMunfhaerdonf/
aemufrS owd&um ...
]][dwf ... raNy;eJYav? raNy;eJY}}
atmf[pfaomfvnf; rrDawmh/
xdktcsdefwGif Nrif;rSmta0;okdY a&mufoGm;avNyD/
]]awmuf ... awmfawmfudk rl&mrm,mrsm;wJh aumifr? aNy;vkdY vGwfEdkifrSmwJhvm;}}
usifudk;onf xdkokdYMudrf;0g;&if; olUNrif;ay:odkY ckefwufrnftNyKwGif acgif;xJrdkufceJNzpfum rsufvkH;rsm;
Nyma0vmonf/
]]tvdk ... ig bmNzpfwmvJ}}
tvefYwMum;yif a&&Gwfvkdufonf/
ol q G J x l a y;vk d u f c sd e f w G i f ,ef z d e f z d e f o nf e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; nS y f x m;onf h v uf u d k
tomurf;ay;vdkufonf/ ,efzdefzdef\vufudk cyfwif;wif;qkyfum qGJrxlay;vdkufcsdefwGif usifudk;vufz0g;udk
e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;u xdrdoGm;onf/
usifukd;onf yg;eyfaumufuspfvSol Nzpfaomfvnf; rdrd\y&d,m,fqifuGuf atmifNrifNyD[k auseyfyDwd
NzpfaecsdefrdkY vufz0g;wGif qpfceJemusifoGm;onfudk owdrrlrdcJhay/
a>rayG;ydk;xdcH&onfh tNzpfrsKd;ygwum;/
e*g;tpG,v f ufeufyek ;f \ tqdyrf mS vnf; Nyif;xefvaS y&m usifu;kd \ ud, k cf E¨mtwGi;f aoG;avvnfywfrI
aNymif;qefum &IyfaxG;ukefonf/
tqdyfynm&Sifwpfa,muf Nzpfonfhtwkdif; rdrdonf Nyif;xefaomtqdyfwpfrsKd; toifhcH&NyDNzpfaMumif;
usifudk; em;vnfvdkufonf/
tqdyf'Pfudk cHpm;ae&onfhMum;rSyif ,efzdefzdefudk rausreyfESifh Mudrf;armif;aeao;onf/
]]awmuf ... acG ; aumif r av;? rl & mrm,meJ Y igh u d k vk y f M uH o G m ;w,f ? wpf a eY a eY igh t aMumif ;
aumif;aumif;odr,f}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif a,mufsm;ysKdwpfa,muf\ atmf[pf&,farmaNymqdkoHudk usifudk; Mum;vkduf&onf/
248
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][m;[m;[m; ... w,f[kwfwJhvlyJ? cifAsm;vdk vlwpfa,mufursm; olwpfyg;udk rm,mrsm;oav;
bmav;aNymae&ao;w,f? NyD;awmh taMumif;od&r,f bmnmeJY cifAsm;taMumif;udk NyzdkYtomxm;? tckcifAsm;
toufraysmuf&atmifbJ MuHprf;ygOD;}}
&,farmaNymqdkoHaMumifh usifudk;rSm tHhMooGm;NyD; vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m rwfwwf&yfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfESifh
0rf;tifarmufwdkYudk awGU&avonf/
rdrdaxmifxm;aom tqdyfvufeufrsm; txdcH&um vJusaoqkH;aeNyD[k wGufxm;aom vlESpfa,muf
x&yfvmaomaMumifh usifudk;rSm tvGefyif tHhMooGm;rdonf/
]][if ... 'gu b,fvdk ...}}
usifudk; pum;udkqkH;atmif raNymEdkif/ tqdyf'PfaMumifh acgif;xJwGif rl;a0aemufusdum acGvsufom;
vJusoGm;avawmhonf/
e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; \ tqd y f r S m tvG e f N yif ; xef o nf / aNzaq;vnf ; tvG e f y if & S m ;onf /
tqd y f o if h c H & NyD ; wpf c PtwG i f ; rS m yif owd v pf a rh a NrmoG m ;um ok H ; &uf t wG i f ; aNzaq;r&ygu
toufaoqkH;oGm;rnf Nzpfonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf owd v pf v J u saeaom usif u d k ; \tem;ok d Y o G m ;um ud k , f a y:rS a wG U &orQaom
ypönf;tm;vkH;udk xkwf,lodrf;qnf;vdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ,efzdefzdefvnf; Nrif;udk NyefvSnfhum &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY&Sd&mokdY a&mufvmonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\ y&d,m,fqifrI aumif;pGmatmifNrifoGm;onf[k qdk&ayrnf/
pmaNcmuf&kyfudk xdrdonfESifh tqdyfvufeuf wpfrsKd;rsKd;xGufvmrnf[k 0rf;tifarmufu MudKwGufcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk MudKwifaNymqdk rSmMum;xm;NyD; pmaNcmuf&kyfudk "m;ESifhckwfvdkufonfESifh
olwdkYESpfa,mufu aNrMuD;ay: vJScsvdkufMuonf/
ESpaf ,muf aNrMuD;ay:vScJ svdu k cf sdeEf iS hf pmaNcmuf&yk x
f ufyidk ;f Nywfum tqdyt
f yfrsm; vGiyhf sHxuG of mG ;csdew
f Ykd rmS
a&SUqifhaemufqifh qdkovdkNzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh pmaNcmuf&kyfxJrS vGifhysHxGufvmonfh tqdyftyfrsm;onf 0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk
rxdawmhay/
,efzdefzdefu aNcaxmufemoGm;onfqdkNcif;rSmvnf; 0rf;tifarmuf\ tpDtpOftwdkif; vkyfcJhNcif;om
Nzpfonf/
0rf;tifarmuf\tpDtpOfrsm; yd&daooyfaomaMumifh usifudk;udkyif wefNyefum tqdyfoifhatmif
vkyfEdkifcJhavNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efzdefzdefudk vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m yg;NyifwGif ndKrnf;aeonfh vuf0g;&mrsm;udk awGU&onf/
usifu;kd &du k Ef u S x
f m;onfh 'Pf&mrsm;NzpfaMumif; odonft h wGuf &S;D xifcsdwof nf a'goaxmif;ceJxvmum
usifudk;\ wifyg;udk aNcaxmufNzifh cyfNyif;Nyif;uefxnfhvdkufonf/
]]xifcsdwf rvkyfygeJY? tomaeprf;yg}}
0rf;tifarmufu wm;Nrpfonf/
]]'Dvdk t,kwfwrmaumifudk touf&Snf&Snfxm;zkdY raumif;bl;As}}
a'goxGufaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm; Nzpfaeavonf/
]]'Daumif[m aemufqdk ,kwfrmqdk;ayEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfygbl;}}
]]OD;OD;u olUudkb,fvdkvkyfr,f pdwful;xm;vkdYvJ}}
]]igu rsufpduef;aeawmh tpm;xdk;p&m vlwpfa,mufvkdaew,fav}}
]][if ... OD;OD;u olUrsufvkH;udk azmuf,lrvdkYaygh? [kwfvm;}}
]][m ... xifcsdwfuvJuGm? 'Dvdkr[kwfygbl;}}
]]OD;OD;aNymwmudk uRefawmfNzifh em;rvnfEdkifatmif NzpfaeNyD}}
0rf;tifarmufonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ em;em;odkYuyfum wpfpkHwpf&mudk wD;wdk;aNymvdkufonf/

249
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]OD;OD;&JUtMuHu w,faumif;ygvm;? 'Dtwdkif;qdk 'DvlMuD;usifudk;vJ olrsm;wumudk 'ku©ray;EdkifbJ
aumif;aumif; aNcNidrfoGm;r,f? OD;OD;twGufvJ cdkif;EGm;MuD;wpfaumif &wmaygh}}
0rf;tifarmuf aNymMum;onfrsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfu aNymonf/
]]'gaygh u G ? uJ uJ ... e*g;tpG , f vuf e uf y k e f ; twG u f tqd y f a Nzaq;ud k o m ay;ayawmh ?
igqufvkyfp&mawGudk vkyf&OD;r,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;tpG,fvufeufykef;twGuf tqdyfaNzaq;udk 0rf;tifarmuftm; ay;vdkufonf/
0rf;tifarmufonf usifudk;\ yg;pyfxJokdY tqdyfaNzaq;udk xnfhay;um wdkufauR;vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf udk,fay:rS aoG;aMumuGuftcsKdUudk xdk;ydwfvkdufNyefonf/
tqdyfaNzaq;wkdufauR;NyD;aemuf rMumrDrSmyif usifudk;owdNyef&vmonf/
odkYaomf taMumydwfcHxm;&aomaMumifh vIyf&Sm;Ncif;rNyKEdkifawmh/
0rf;tifarmufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkUudk aMumufvefYpGm Munfhae&Smonf/
pdwfxm;qdk;oGrf;um rdkufrJolrsm;onf rdrdtEdkif&&SdatmifyGJcHcsdefwGif rdk;rNrifavrNrif aysmf&Tifarmufrm
0HhMuGm;oavmuf &IH;edrfhí toufab;tEÅ&m,f MuKHawGU&aomtcgwGifrl txdef;todrf; r&SdEdkifawmhavmufatmifyif
aMumufvefYwwfNrJ Nzpfonf/
]]usifudk; ... rif;toufraocsifbl;qdk&if ightrdefYighpum;udk emcH&vdrfhr,f? remcHbl;qdk&ifawmh ao&r,f?
'Dawmh touf&Sifcsifovm;? aocsifovm; MudKuf&mvrf;udk a&G;ayawmh}}
0rf;tifarmufu at;pufaomavoHNzifh ar;onf/
]]q&m0rf;&,f? uRefawmf b,faocsifyghrvJAsm? toufudkcsrf;omay;r,fqdk&if q&m0rf;&JUtrdefYud
uRefawmfvkdufemyghr,f? uRefawmfhudk pdwfcsyg}}
0rf;tifarmufu rxDw&D NyKH;vkdufum ...
]][if;[if;[if; rif;u ay;NyD;om;uwdudk arhypfNyD; ightrdefYrvdkufemrSmudkawmh igu rylygbl;}}
0rf ; tif a rmuf o nf aq;vk H ; wpf v k H ; xk w f , l u m usif u d k ; \ yg;pyf x J x nf h í
twif;t"r®wdkufauR;vkdufonf/ taMumydwfcHxm;&aom usifudk;crsm bmrQrwwfEdkif/
aq;vkH;onf vnfacsmif;rSwqifh 0rf;AdkufxJokdY a&muf&SdoGm;avawmhonf/
rnfonfah q;vk;H Nzpfonfukd usiu f ;kd roday/ okYd aomfrrd u
d kd aumif;usK;d ay;rnfh aq;vk;H r[kwaf Mumif;udu k m;
aumif;pGmtuJcwfrdonf/
]]rif;udk tckwdkufwJh aq;vkH;[m bmaq;vkH;vJqdkwm odvm;}}
aq;wdkufNyD;aemuf 0rf;tifarmufu rckd;rcefYNyKH;&if; ar;onf/
]]rod ... rodygbl;Asm}}
usifudk;u NyL;aMumifaMumifMunfhum NyefaNzonf/
]]at; ... rod&ifrSwfxm;? tJ'Daq;vkH;udk t&dk;aqG;aq;r[mvdkY ac:w,f? awmfMum rcsdrqHh
toufxGufoGm;wmawmif udk,fhukd,fudk bmNzpfvdkY ao&rSef;rodbJ NzpfaeOD;r,f}}
]]Asm ... t&dk;aqG; aq;r[m [kwfvm;}}
usifudk;wpfa,muf acgif;idkufpkdufusoGm;&awmhonf/ 0rf;tifarmufu atmifyGJ&olwpfa,muf avoHNzifh
qufaNymonf/
]]rif;om vdrfvdrfrmrmeJY ightrdefYudkemcHr,fqdk&if rif;aomufxm;wJh t&dk;aqG;aq;r[m&JU tmedoifudk
xd e f ; Ed k i f w J h a Nzaq;ud k tcsd e f r S e f a y;r,f ? aNzaq;ud k tcsd e f r S e f r S e f aomuf a e&oa&G U awmh rif ; taeeJ Y
bmrSpdk;&drfp&mrvdkbl;? at; aNzaq;r&bl;qdk&ifawmh ...}}
0rf;tifarmufonf pum;udkqkH;atmifraNymbJ tomNzwfxm;onf/
usifudk;rSm &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh 0rf;tifarmuf qufaNymrnfhpum;rsm;udk apmifhvifhae&onf/ rdrdtwGuf
aumif;aompum;awG r[kwfonfukdawmh usifudk; em;vnfonf/

250
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0rf;tifarmufu qufvufí ...
]]at; ... aNzaq;udk tcsdefrSef raomuf&bl;qdk&if rif;&JUwpfukd,fvkH;u t&dk;awG[m tqpfawGNyKwfNyD;
aqG;Nrnfhukefr,f? aemufqkH;rSm raor&Sifb0eJY a0'emcHpm;&r,f? ckESpf&ufckESpfvDMumatmif a0'emcHpm;&NyD;
rcsdrqhH aoqkH;&r,f? 'Dawmh rif;u ightrdefYudk remcHbJ umNyefcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; prf;Munfhaygh}}
]]rprf; ... rprf;&Jygbl; ocifMuD;&,f}}
usifudk;rSm xdwfvefYvGef;aeNyDrdkY pum;oHwkef,ifxpfaigh aeonf/ 0rf;tifarmufudkvnf; ocifMuD;[kyif
ac:a0:okH;pGJvmonf/
0rf;tifarmufu auseyfonfhtoGifNzifh &,farmum usifudk;\ tydwfcHxm;&aom taMumrsm;udk
aNzay;onf/ taMumrsm;NyefyGifhNyD; NyefvnfvIyf&Sm;Edkifaomtcg 0rf;tifarmufu aq;vkH;wpfvkH;xkwfNyD;
wdkufauR;Nyefonf/
]]'g[m t&dk;aqG;aq;r[mudk xdef;csKyfxm;EdkifwJh aNzaq;yJ? aNzaq;udk tcsdefrSefaomuf&r,fvdkY
uefYowfcsufr&Sdbl;? wpfcgwav wpfvavmuf Ncm;aomuf&wm&Sdovdk wpfESpfMumrS aomuf&wmrsKd;?
wpfywfMumrS aomuf&wmrsKd;vJ &Sdw,f? b,fvdktcsdeftcgrSm aomuf&r,fqdkwm igwpfa,mufwnf;yJ odw,f?
'Dawmh rif;u ighqDu aNzaq;awGudk cdk;,lEdkif&ifawmifrS aomuf&r,fhtcsdefudk rodvdkY rif;twGuf
b,fvrkd t S usKd;&Srd mS r[kwbf ;l ? ightrdeYf ukd usKd;usKd;EGEH HG emcHwm[m rif;twGuf taumif;qk;H yJ? igtouf&iS af eoa&GU
rif;'ku©rNzpfEdkifbl;? igao&ifawmh rif;vJ a0'emcHpm;NyD; ighaemufudk vdkufcJhayhg [kwfvm;}}
usifudk;\rsufESmrSm aoG;qkwfum NzLzyfNzLa&mf NzpfoGm;onf/
tppt&m&mudk t&IH;ay;vufaNrSmufvdkufonfhtvm; rsufESmi,fav;ESifh acgif;ikHYum &yfaeonf/
[ef[dwftm;vkH; aysmufNy,foGm;avNyD/
tpG,fusKd;aom a>rwpfaumifyrm Nzpfae&avNyD/
]]rif;u e*g;euf*dkPf;eJY b,fvdkywfoufrI &SdovJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu usifudk;udk pwifppfar;onf/
]]olwdkYeJY oduRrf;&kHygyJ ocifMuD;? tckudpörSmawmh olwdkYu tcaMu;aiG aumif;aumif;ay;NyD;
aqmif&Gufckdif;wmyg}}
]][kwfNyD? igwdkYudk e*g;euf*dkPf;u qufNyD;&efrlr,fh tpDtpOfawGuaum b,fvdk&SdovJ? rif;odoavmuf
aNymNyprf;yg}}
]]a[m'D rdef;uav;udk e*g;euf*dkPf;u odyfudktvdk&Sd aeMuygw,f? enf;vrf;rsKd;pkHeJY MudK;yrf;Muygvdrfhr,f?
olwdkY*dkPf;&JU trmcHtiftm;awGtNyif odkif;tausmftarmfawGudkvJ zdwfac:toHk;cszdkY pDpOfxm;Muygw,f}}
]]olwdkYu b,fodkif;tausmftarmfawGudk zdwfac:xm;wmvJ}}
]]tck avmavmq,frSm &kyfaNymif;0dZÆm aNrmufckefckefudk ql;MuLNrdKU0ef;usifrSm apvTwfxm;w,f}}
]]tvdk aNrmufckefckefu b,fvdkvkyfNyD; e*g;euf*dkPf;&JU udpöawGudk aqmif&Gufay;ae&wmvJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu tHhMo[efNzifh aNymonf/
]]tJ'gudkawmh uRefawmfvJ rodygbl; ocifMuD;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdcifNzpfolu tcgtm;avsmfpGm aNymNycJhí odkif;tausmftarmftcsKdUtaMumif;
odxm;NyD;aomfvnf; &kyfaNymif;0dZÆm aNrmufckefckefqdkonfh trnfudkrl rMum;zl;ao;ay/
0rf;tifarmuf\ trlt&mudk MunfhNcif;Nzifh aNrmufckefckefqdkolrSm tqifhNrifh odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf
NzpfEdkifaMumif; cefrSef;rdonfhtwGuf Mum;Nzwfum 0ifar;rdonf/
]]OD;OD; tJ'D&kyfaNymif;0dZÆm aNrmufckefckefqdkwm b,folvJ[if? b,fvdkvlpm;vJ}}
]]rif;u toufi,fNyD; tawGUtMuKHenf;ao;awmh aNrmufckefckeftaMumif;udk rodbl;aygh? vGefcJhwJh
ESpfaygif;ESpfq,fausmfavmufu odkif;avmurSm t&dk;aysmh,efavmufqefESifh &kyfaNymif;0dZÆm aNrmufckefckefqdkwJh
odkif;ynm&SifESpfa,muf xif&Sm;cJhMuw,f}}
0rf;tifarmufu &Sif;Nyonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJh OD;OD;? qufaNymygOD;}}
251
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm xl;cRefwJhpGrf;&nfawG udk,fpD&SdMuw,f}}
]]b,fvdkpGrf;&nfawGvJ OD;OD;&JU}}
]]aNrmufckefckefqdk&if wpfMudrfwpfcgavmuf Nrifzl;awGUzl;&kHeJY tJ'Dvl&JUtoH? &kyf&nf? taNymtqdk? vIyf&Sm;ykH
tppt&m&mudk wax&mwnf;wlatmif wky&kyfaNymif;Edkifw,f? tJ'Dvdk&kyfaNymif;wJh ae&mrSmvJ twktppf
cGv
J Ykd r&atmif awmfw,f? t>rmyl;awGurS enf;enf;yg;yg; uGm[csufawG &Sad eOD;r,f? aNrmufcek cf ek u f wpufuav;rS
ruGm&atmif &kyfaNymif;Edkifw,f}}
]]olU&JU &kyfaNymif;ynmtpGrf;u 'DavmufawmifrSyJ xufNrufovm;}}
]]xufNrufw,f? rif;udk,fwdkif waeYaeY aNrmufckefckefeJY &ifqdkif&&if tckigaNymwm [kwfr[kwf od&rSmaygh}}
]]t&dk;aysmh ,efavmufqefusawmhaum b,fvdk pGrf;&nfrsKd;&SdovJ}}
]],efavmufqefusNyefawmh olUacgif;wpfvkH; 0ifomEdkifwJh taygufxJudk wpfukd,fvkH; 0ifEdkifxGufEdkifw,f?
pOfUtdk;t&G,fawmfwpfvkH;xJrSm olUwpfudk,fvkH;udk usKHUNyD; MuHMuHzefzef 0ifaeEdkifpGrf;&Sdw,f? olUudk,fcE¨mu
t&d;k tqpfawG[m aumufauG;xm;Edik af vmufatmifukd aysmhaysmif;w,f? vIy&f mS ;oGm;vmwJah e&mrS odyu f Nkd refqefNyD;
aygh y g;oG u f v uf w ,f ? tyk e f ; tuG , f a umif ; w,f ? 'gaMumif h wcsKd U uqd k & if ,ef a vmuf q ef u d k
udk,fazsmufEdkifw,fvdkYawmif aNymMuqdkMuao;w,f}}
]]'gqdk ,efavmufqef[m olcdk;vkyfpm;&if odyfudkatmifNrifrSmayghaemf}}
]]at; ... rif;aNymovdkyJ vltawmfrsm;rsm;uvnf; aNymcJhMuwmyJ}}
]]olu odkif;orm;aumif;vm;? odkif;orm;qdk;vm;}}
]]odkif;orm;aumif;awmh r[kwfbl;? pdwfxm;u b,fvdk&Sdw,fqdkwm twdtus raNymEdkifayr,fh
olwyg;tay: taumufMuHNyD; udk,fusKd;&SmwJh tvkyfrsKd;awG trsm;MuD; vkyfzl;w,f? vrf;rSefurf;rSef odkif;orm;
tawmfrsm;rsm;uawmh olUudk odkif;orm;qdk;wpfa,mufvdkY owfrSwfxm;wmyJ}}
]]uRefawmfwYkd u ql;MuLNrdKUudk oGm;MurSmqdak wmh aNrmufcek cf ek Ef iS hf wpfae&mr[kwf wpfae&mrSm &ifqikd rf rd mS yJ?
tJ'g b,fvdkvkyf&rvJqdkwm tMuHay;ygOD; OD;OD;&,f}}
]]rif;uaum b,fvdktMuHrsKd; pOf;pm;rdovJ}}
0rf;tifarmufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk Nyefar;onf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY &kyfzsufNyD; vlpkcGJoGm;Mu&if aumif;r,fxifw,f? zdefzdefu ta&;tMuD;qkH;qdkawmh olUudk
a,mufsm;av;wpfa,mufvdk &kyfaNymif;ay;wmaygh? NyD;awmhrS uRefawmfeJY zdefzdefu wpfpk? OD;OD;eJY usifudk;wkdYu
wpfpkcGJNyD; oGm;Mur,f? OD;OD;u uRefawmfwdkY&JU t&dyftNcnfudk MunfhNyD; ulnDapmifha&Smufay;aygh}}
]]rif;tMuH rqdk;ygbl;? 'Dtwdkif; vkyfMuwmaygh}}
þokdYNzifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY av;a,mufonf &kyfzsufNyKNyifrIrsm; NyKvkyfNyD;aemuf ql;MuLNrdKUbufokdY
c&D;qufvufxGufvmcJhMuawmhonf/

252
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (28)
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkY ql;MuLNrdKUodkY a&mufvmMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf awmawmifa&aNr obm0rsm;udk vdkufvHavhvmMunfh&Ium uAsmpmayrsm; a&;zGJUonfh
pmayorm;wpfa,muftoGif &kyfzsufxm;NyD; ,efzdefzdefurl &SD;xifcsdwf\vufpGJawmf vkvifysKdtoGif
&kyfzsufxm;onf/
ql;MuLNrdKUonf NrdKUMuD;Nzpfí wnf;cdkqdkifrsm; &Sdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf NrdKUxJ&Sdwnf;cdkqdkifrsm;wGif wnf;cdkNcif;rNyKbJ avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;okdY
oGm;a&mufwnf;cdkMuonf/
avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;onf NrdKUNyifwGifwnf&Sdonf/
vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;rsm;pGmu wnfaqmufxm;cJhoNzifh ,cktcgwGif a[mif;EGrf;í ysufpD;pyif NyKaeavNyD/
ausmif;MuD;rSm wpfcsdefaomtcgu MuD;us,fcrf;em;í pnfyifcJhonfrSm oHo,Nzpfp&m rvdkay/ ausmif;0if;
y&0kPfonf us,fNyefYum taqmufttkHrsm;udk a&S;a[mif;tEkynmvuf&mrsm;Nzifh crf;em;pGmaqmufvkyfxm;onf/
,cktcgwGifrl ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD;wpfyg;? ODyOÆif;okH;yg;? udk&ifESpfyg;ESifh ausmif;\ a0,sm0pöudpörsm;udk
vkyfaqmifol ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD; wpfa,mufwkdYom &Sdonf/
ausmif;y&0kPfus,fNyefUum MuD;rm;cHhxnfaom taqmufttkHawG rsm;Nym;oavmuf aexdkifol
enf;yg;vSonfhtwGuf ausmif;0if;twGif;ü trIdufo&dkufu rsm;Nym;aeonf/ csKHEG,fydwfaygif;rsm; xlxyfaeonf/
avGurG ;f bke;f MuD;ausmif;onf ql;MuLNrdKUESihf woD;wNcm;yrmyif Nzpfaeonf/ NrdKUupnfum;oavmuf ausmif;MuD;u
acsmufuyfaeonf/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;rSmvnf; toGm;tvm t0iftxGuf r&SdMuay/
avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;wGif {nfhonfrsm;wnf;cdkaexdkif&m Z&yfMuD;ESpfaqmif&Sdonf/ odkYaomf
vma&muf w nf ; cd k o rsm; r&S d o avmuf N zpf a eonf r d k Y trI d u f o &k d u f csKH E G , f y d w f a ygif ; rsm;Mum;wG i f
onftwdkif;&SdaeMuonf/
xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm; a&muf&SdvmNyD; wnf;ckdcGifhawmif;onfh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;u
wnf;cdkZ&yfMuD;wpfckokdY pdwfryghwygESifh vkdufydkYay;onf/
ausmif ; apmif h t bd k ; MuD ; onf &k y f z suf x m;aom &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y ud k oH o ,Nzpf [ ef v nf ; r&S d /
pdwf0ifpm;[efvnf; rNy/ wnf;cdkaexdkif&ef tcef;udkNyoNyD;aemuf xGufcGmoGm;onf/
253
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdktcef;rSm MuD;rm;um us,f0ef;onf/ trIdufo&dkufawGuawmh tawmfrsm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efzdefzdefwdkYonf tcef;xJ&Sd trIdufo&dkufrsm;udk ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD; ay;xm;cJhonfh
wHNrufpnf;Nzifh vSJusif;vkdufMuonf/ trIdufrsm; vSJusif;vdkufonfhtwGuf tcef;xJwGif oefY&Sif;oGm;um
aecsifhpzG,fyif Nzpfvmonf/
]]tpfudkav;}}
trI d u f r sm; vS J u sif ; NyD ; aemuf Murf ; Nyif a y: ES p f a ,muf o m;twl x d k i f r d a omtcg ,ef z d e f z d e f u
wD;wdk;ac:vdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkrac:ygeJYvdkY aNymxm;w,fr[kwfvm;? tEÅ&m,fqdkwm NrifEdkifwmr[kwfbl;? bmr[kwfwmav;eJY
ta,mifaqmifxm;wmawG ay:ukefEdkifw,f od&JUvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu avoHNzifh NypfwifaNymqdkonf/
pmayorm;ESifh aemufvdkufvkvifysKdtoGif &kyfzsufta,mifaqmifxm;MuaomaMumifh ,efzdefzdefu
&SD;xifcsdwfudk ]ocifav;} [líom ac:cJhonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJh? tck tNcm;vlawGr&SdvdkY vTwfceJ ac:vdkufrdwmyg}}
,efzdefzdef vQmuav;wpfvpfxkwfum NyefaNymonf/
]]owdxm;rSaygh? uJ ... bmar;csifvdkYvJ}}
]][kd ... 'Dausmif;rSm aNrmufckefckefu &kyfzsufta,mifaqmifNyD; a&mufaeEdkifrvm; ar;MunfhcsifvdkYyg}}
]]'gudak wmh aNym&cufw,f? 'gayr,fh odyNf yD;awmhvJ pdwyf rl aeygeJY? NrdKUxJu wnf;cdq k ikd af wGuokd m olwYkd u
owdxm;MunfhaeMurSmyg? 'Dvdkae&mrsKd;udkawmh apmifhMunfhaeMur,f rxifygbl;}}
]]tif;av? [kwfawmh [kwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dae&muodyfNyD; wdwfqdwfvGef;w,f? vlolvJ
odyfuif;&Sif;vGef;w,f}}
]]bmvJ aMumufaevdkYvm;}}
]]aMumufw,fvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;? pdwfxJrSmawmh rokd;roefYeJY? wpfrsKd;MuD;yJ}}
]]pdwfudk at;at;omxm;yg? bmtEÅ&m,frS ay:rvmEdkifygbl;? wu,fvdkY tEÅ&m,fay:vm&ifvJ
&ifqdkifvdkuf&kHaygh}}
,efzdefzdefu bmrQraNymawmh/
&SD;xifcsdwfu &Tef;&Tef;pm;pm; Munfhvdkufonf/
noef;acgif,HtcsdefokdYyif a&mufvmavNyD/
avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rSm tarSmifxkatmufwGif toufuif;rJhovdk Nzpfaeonf/
nOfih uS uf av;rsm; ysHoef;oHEiS hf yd;k aumifrsm;\ pk;d pk;d pDpaD tmfow
H Ykd om wpfcsufwpfcsuf ay:xGuv f monf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY wnf;cdkaexdkif&m tcef;xJwGif ysm;za,mif;wdkifMuD;wpfwkdif xGef;nSdxm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf za,mif;wdkiftem;wGifxdkifum uAsmrsm;&Gwfvdkuf? pmrsm;a&;vkduf vkyfaeonf/
,efzdefzdefonf rvSrf;rurf;wGif vJavsmif;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu wpfnvkH; xkdifapmifhay;rnf[k aNymaomfvnf; pdwfcsvufcs rtdyfpufEdkifay/
NrefNrefrdk;vif;ap&efom qkawmif;aerdonf/
þae&monf NrdKUESifhtqufNywfum vloluif;a0;onfhtwGuf &efolrsm; owdrNyKrdaom ae&m
Nzpfaumif;NzpfEdkifaomfvnf; &efolrsm;vma&muf tEÅ&m,fay;rnfqdkygu tvGefyiftEÅ&m,fay;zdkYaumif;aom
ae&mNzpfaMumif;vnf; ,efzdefzdefawG;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf uAsmrsm; &Gwfqdka&;pyfae&if; 0rf;tifarmufwkdY taMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdonf/
0rf;tifarmufwdkYESifh þavGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;wGif NyefqkH&ef pDpOfcsdef;qdkxm;cJhonf/
rlvtpDtpOft&qdkvQif &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYu avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;wGif cGifhyefum wnf;cdkaexdkif&efESifh
olwdkYwnf;cdkaexdkif&m tcef;okdY 0rf;tifarmufwdkYu wdwfwqdwf a&mufvmMu&ef Nzpfonf/
a&mufvm&rnfhtcsdefudk nudk;em&DcefY aemufqkH;[k owfrSwfxm;cJhonf/

254
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,ck udk;em&Domru oef;acgif,Htcsdefyif wdkifcJhNyD/ 0rf;tifarmufwdkY a&mufrvmMuao;onfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm trsKd;rsKd; pOf;pm;aerdonf/
]]csdefxm;wJhtcsdefawmif trsm;MuD; ausmfvmNyD? OD;OD;wkdY a&mufrvmMuao;ygvm;? &efolUvufxJrsm;
usa&mufukefMuNyDvm;? tdk ... r[kwfEdkifygbl;? OD;OD;wkdYu tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufNyD; okdif;ynmvnf; aumif;wmyJ?
tEÅ&m,fudk ausmfvGefEdkifygvdrfhr,f}}
ywf0ef;usifu wdwfqdwfvGef;onf/ nOfhiSufoHrsm; ysHoef;oH? ydk;aumifrTm;aumifrsm;\ atmfoHrsm;udkyif
rMum;&awmh/
]][if; ...}}
wdwfqdwfaeaom ywf0ef;usifudk NzdKcGif;vdkufonfhtvm; trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf\ oufNyif;csoHwpfck
&kwfw&uf ay:vmonf/
toHrmS wd;k ñSi;f vSonf/ okYd aomf wdwq f wd af eaom ywf0ef;usifwiG f &kww f &uf ay:aygufvmonft h wGuf
&SD;xifcsdwf\&ifxJwGif 'def;ceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
]]'Dae&mrSm trsKd;orD;qdkvdkY ,efzdefzdefwpfa,mufwnf;yJ &Sdw,f? 'DoufNyif;csoH b,fuay:vmwmvJ?
tif; ... Nyóemawmh pNyDxifyg&JU}}
&SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJ xifhceJNzpfoGm;rdonf/
]][if; ...}}
oufNyif;csoHu xyfrHay:xGufvmNyefonf/
onfwpfcgwGiaf wmh xdo k ufNyif;csoHukd ,efzed zf ed yf g Mum;rdum vJavsmif;ae&mrSxNyD; &S;D xifcsdwt f em;odYk
wdk;uyfvmonf/
]]tpfukdav; Mum;vdkufovm; [if}}
,efzdefzdefu &SD;xifcsdwf\ em;em;odkYuyfum wdk;wdk;av;aNymonf/
]ocifav;} [k rac:aomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf rnfokdYrQ uefYuGufaNymqdkNcif; rNyKawmh/
,efzdefzdefonf olESifhtvGefyif eD;uyfaeonf/ ESmacgif;0rS touf&SLaiGUonf olUudkxdawGUaeovdk
udk,feHYoif;oif;av;udkvnf; &SL&Idufae&onf/
,ef z d e f z d e f o nf Mum;vk d u f & aomtoH a Mumif h pd w f v I y f & S m ;&onf h t Nyif &S D ; xif c sd w f E S i f h
teD;uyfNzpfaeaomaMumifh &ifckefvmoNzifh toHrSm wkef,ifí aeonf/
]]wdkYtNyifudkxGufNyD; MunfhvdkufOD;r,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu avoHwdk;wdk;Nzifh NyefaNymonf/
,efzdefzdefonf rsufvkH;uav; NyL;us,foGm;um &SD;xifcsdwf\vufarmif;udk oG,faysmif;aom
vufacsmif;uav;rsm;Nzifh tomqkyfukdifvkdufNyD; ...
]]roGm;ygeJY tpfudkav;&,f? uRefrwpfa,mufwnf; raecJhcsifbl;}}
,efzdefzdef\ udk,fcE¨mrSm &SD;xifcsdwfteD;odkY ykdí wdk;uyfvmonf/
olr\ aMumufvefYaeaom toGifav;u wpfrsKd;yif cspfp&maumif;aeonf/
]]tif ; av ... ol Y c rsm aMumuf r ,f q d k v J aMumuf p &myJ a ygh ? apmapmuMum;&wJ h nnf ; oH [ m
OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufu igwdkYudk aNcmufvSefUusDp,fwmrsm;vm; raNymwwfbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif oufomvkdoufomNim; azmhawG;vdkufrdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif rdrd\vufarmif;udk qkyfudkifxm;aom ,efzdefzdef\vufacsmif;uav;rsm; at;pufoGm;NyD;
qkyfudkifrIvnf; ydkrdkwif;usyfvmaMumif; owdNyKrdvdkufavonf/
]]zdefzdef bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu vSnfhMunfhum ar;onf/
,efzdefzdefu NyeftaNzray;/
rsuf E S m rS m rl tvG e f y if aMumuf v ef Y w k e f v I y f a eonf h t oG i f r sKd ; &S d a eNyD ; Nywif ; ayguf r S t Nyif o k d Y
rsufvkH;t0dkif;om;ESifh Munfhaeonf/
255
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif tvdkvdkpdk;&drfrdum ,efzdefzdef\rsufvkH;tMunfh pl;pdkufae&mbufokdY
vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
]][m ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\EIwfrS tvefYwMum; a&&GwfvkdufoH ay:xGufoGm;onf/
0dk;w0g; tvif;a&mifom&Sdonfh ausmif;y&0kPf wpfae&mwGif teufa&mif0wfpkH 0wfxm;aom
vlwpfa,muf&yfaeonf/
xdkol\ eDaMumifaMumifqHyifrsm;u zdk;&dk;zm;&m;Nzpfum rsufESmay:odkY 0JuszkH;tkyfaeonf/
rsufv;Hk tpkrH mS NyL;us,f0ikd ;f pufNyD; pdr;f zefYzefYta&mifrsm; awmufyaeonf/ yg;pyfu [NyJaeum oGm;awGu
tpG,frsm;yrm aNymifvufíaeonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f v S r f ; Munf h v d k u f c sd e f r S m yif [NyJ a eaom yg;pyf r S &S n f v m;eD & J o nf h v QmMuD ;
wef;vef;xGufusvmonf/
xdkYNyif &Snfvsm;cRefxufaom vufonf;rsm;yg&Sdonfh vufacsmif;wdkYudkNzefYvsuf a0SY,rf;ívIyf&Sm;&if;
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY&Sd&modkY a&S;&IavQmufvSrf;vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm owdåaumif;NyD; raMumufwwfaomfvnf; &ifxJwGif 'def;ceJckefoGm;&onf/
,efzdefzdefrSmrl xdwfvefYvGef;onfhtwGuf owdvpfum aysmhacGusoGm;awmhonf/
]]zdefzdef ... nDrav; owdxm;av}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efzdefzdefudk ayGUzufxm;&if; EIwfrSvnf; ac:vdkufonf/
]][D; ... [D; ... [D;}}
0wfpkHeufxHrS tonf;wkef &ifwkefzG,faumif;aom &,foHvkdvdk nnf;oHvdkvdk toHMuD; ay:xGufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf taMumufvGefí owdvpfaeaom ,efzdefzdefudk tomcsxm;um "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwfNyD;
Nywif;aygufrStNyifodkY ckefvTm;xGufvmcJhonf/
tNyifokdYa&mufonfESifh e*g;NzLawmifNzdKodkif;uGufNzifh 0wfpkHeufudk ckwfydkif;vkdufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu "m;ESifhvSrf;ckwfvdkufcsdefrSmyif olUa&SUwGif&Sdaeaom 0wfpkHeufonf &kwfNcnf;yif
aysmufuG,foGm;onf/ "m;csufrsm;u avudkom ckwfrdavawmhonf/
]][D; ... [D; ... [D; ... [D; ... [D;}}
&,foHvdkvdk nnf;oHvkdvdk &ifwkefp&maumif;vSaom toHMuD;uom &SD;xifcsdwfudk avSmifaNymifonfhES,f
usef&pfcJhonf/
xdkYaemuf avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif; y&0kPfxJwGif Nyefvnf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;onf/
rdrd\ e*g;NzLawmifNzKdokdif;uGufNzifh ckwfydkif;vdkufaom "m;csufrsm;atmufrS vGwfaNrmufoGm;onfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm pdwfxJwGif rcHcsdrcHom Nzpfae&onf/
"m;&Snfudk uspfuspfygatmif qkyfudkif&if; bmvkyf&rnfrodbJ aMumiftrf;trf;ESifh &yfaerdonf/
]][if; ...}}
trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf\ oufNyif;csoHudk olMum;&Nyefonf/
toHay:vm&mbufodkY &kwfNcnf;yif vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m opfyifwpfyif\tudkif;wGif MudK;wef;vef;Nzifh
wGJvGJusaeaom vlwpfa,mufudk Nrif&onf/
xdkol\toGifrSm opfudkif;wGif MudK;qGJcsum aoqkH;aeonfh toGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
rsufvkH;NyL;um vQmwef;vef;xGufvsuf Munfh&onfrSm tvGefyiftNrifqdk;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmbmnmnm pOf;pm;raeawmhbJ ckefvTm;um "m;&SnfNzifh ckwfydkif;vdkufNyefonf/
xdkolonf &kwfNcnf;yif &SD;xifcsdwf\NrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
owdxm;um MunfhaeonfhMum;rS &kwfw&uf aysmufuG,foGm;onfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif
rcsifhr&JNzpfoGm;onf/
rdrd&ifqdkifae&onfrSm vlavmraumif;qdk;0g;avm [lívnf; pdwfxJwGif 'dG[oHo,Nzpfrdonf/

256
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]ig &ifqdkifae&wm[m vlvm; raumif;qdk;0g;vm;? raumif;qdk;0g; NzpfygapvdkYyJ qkawmif;&r,f?
raumif;qd;k 0g;qk&d if ighukd pdwaf csmufcsm;atmif aNcmufveS Yf &o Hk m vkyEf ikd rf ,f? vlomqd&k ifawmh 'Davmufoidk ;f ynmeJY
ukd,fazmhynm aumif;aewm ightaeeJY b,fvdkvkyf &ifqdkifEdkifrSmvJ? olNyKorQ cH&rSmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf awG;írqkH;cif ...
]][D; ... [D; ... [D;}}
tonf;xdwzf , G &f m &,farmoHMum;&NyD; trsKd;orD;MuD;wpfa,mufukd awGUvku d &f onf/ xdt k rsKd;orD;MuD;\
rsufESmwpfNcrf;wGif tom;eDawGvefum aoG;rsm; wpdrfhpdrfh,dkpD;usaeonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf "m;&S n f N zif h v S r f ; rck w f a wmh b J e*g;tpG , f v uf e uf y k e f ; rsm;Nzif h Nzef Y MuJ u m
ypfaygufvdkufonf/
xdktrsKd;orD;MuD;onf avxJokdY ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;um wywfuRrf;xdk;vdkufonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf
&dyfceJawGUvdkuf&onf/ xdkYaemuf NrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,foGm;awmhonf/
vQKdU0Sufcsufudk odvdkufNyDNzpfaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm aMumufvefYovdkvdk Nzpfaeaompdwfrsm;
yaysmufoGm;awmhonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; y&d,m,fqifvSnfhpm;wmu odyfudkaumif;ygvm; aNrmufckefckef}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf rdrdwdkY wnf;cdkaexdkifonfh tcef;bufodkY tNrefNyefvmcJhonf/
rd r d a wG U Nrif & onf r sm;rS m raumif ; qd k ; 0g; r[k w f a Mumif ; od & onf h t wG u f aMumuf v ef Y p d w f r sm;
aysmufoGm;aomfvnf; pdk;&drfpdwfrsm;uawmh ydkvmonf/
þrQ udk,fazmhynmaumif;vSaom odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,mufudk rdrdtaeESifh &ifqdkifzdkYrvG,faMumif;
&SD;xifcsdwfodonf/ xdkYNyif tcef;xJwGif owdvpfarhaNrmvsuf usefae&Smol ,efzdefzdeftwGufvnf; pkd;&drfrdonf/
xd k t csd e f r S m yif apmapmu vuf e uf y k e f ; rsm;ud k a&S m if x G u f o G m ;onf trsKd ; orD ; MuD ; onf &k w f w &uf
udk,fxifNyvdkufovdk olUa&SUwGif bGm;ceJay:vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf "m;&Snfudkomru pkwfwHcRefvufeufudkyg xkwf,lum udkifaqmiftoifhNyifvkdufonf/
]]rif; rqdk;bl;? igxifxm;wmxufawmif awmfaeygvm;uG}}
trsKd;orD;MuD;u aNymonf/ toHrSm a,mufsm;MuD;wpfa,muf\ toHNzpfonf/
aNrmufckefckef &kyfaNymif;&kyfvGJ aumif;vSaMumif; 0rf;tifarmuf aNymNyxm;í odxm;NyD;NzpfaomaMumifh
trsKd;orD;MuD;xHrS a,mufsm;oHay:vmonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf rtHhMoawmhay/
]]rif; rSef;qwm rvGJbl;? ig[m aNrmufckefckefyJ}}
trsKd;orD;MuD;wpfa,muftoGif ta,mifaqmif &kyfzsufxm;aom aNrmufckefckefu NyefaNymonf/
]]OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufeJY usifudk;wdkYudk cifAsm; b,fvdkvkyfvdkufovJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNrmufckefckefudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; ar;\/
]]'Dar;cGef;udk raNzcsifao;bl;}}
]]'gqdk&if cifAsm;u b,fvdktaMumif;udpöeJY a&mufvmw,fqdkwmudk aNymyg}}
]]rif;vdk i,f&G,fEkysKdNyD; owådvJaumif;? odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfvJ xufNrufwJh vli,fav;wpfa,mufudk
igrowfcsifygbl;}}
]][kwfuJh aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm? 'gqdk&if cifAsm;u uRefawmfwdkYudk &efr&Smawmhbl;aygh}}
]]'DvkdvJ r[kwfao;bl;? ighpdwf&if;oabmuawmh rif;udk&efr&Smcsifygbl;? 'gayr,fh [dkaumifrav;udkawmh
t&ac:oGm;&vdrfhr,f}}
]]'Dvq kd &kd ifawmh cifAsm;eJYuRefawmf &ifqikd w f ukd cf u
dk Mf uzdYk yJ &Sad wmhw,f? uRefawmfuh kd Edik af tmifwu kd cf u
dk Ef ikd &f if
cifAsm;&JUqE´ Nynfh0vdrfhr,f}}
]]rif;u ighudk tefwk&ifqdkifr,fqdkwJh oabmvm;}}
taNctaerSm &ifqdkifwkdufckduf&kHrSwyg; tNcm;vrf;r&SdawmhaMumif; em;vnfvdkufNyDrdkY &SD;xifcsdwfonf
pum;qufraNymawmhbJ a&SUodkYvSrf;wufum aNrmufckefckefudk wdkufckdufvdkufavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;ESpfaumif ykvJvkodkif;uGufudk tokH;NyKum wkdufckdufrIudk pwifvkdufonf/
257
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
b,f v uf u pk w f w H c Ref v uf e uf ? nmvuf u "m;&S n f w d k Y ud k tok H ; NyKNyD ; t&S d e f t [k e f N yif ; pG m
xdk;ESufwdkufckdufavawmhonf/
"m;&Snfckwfcsufrsm;ESifh pkwfwHcRef xdk;ESufcsufrsm;u aNrmufckefckefudk vTrf;rdk;xm;onf/
aNrmufckefckefonf wdkufcsufrsm;udk a&Smifwdrf;aeEdkifaomfvnf; tm;NynfhNyif;xefvSonfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfudk pdwfxJrSMudwfum csD;rGrf;rdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;NzLESpfaumif ykvJvkokdif;uGuftNyif tNcm;odkif;uGufrsm;udkyg wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf
xkwfokH;wdkufckdufonf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodik ;f uGuf q,f&h pS u f uG v f ;Hk tuket f pif tNyeftvSef wdu k cf u
dk Nf yD;onfw h ikd f aNrmufcek cf ek u
f kd
tEdkif&Ncif;r&Sdao;ay/
]]uJ ... tckqdk&if rif; ynmukeftpGrf;ukef wdkufckdufNyD;NyD? ighudkxdatmif rwdkufEdkifao;bl;? rif;&JU
odik ;f ynmpGr;f eJYpw
d "f mwfukd oabmusvdYk ig tcGit hf a&;wpfck ay;r,f? twku d &f yfNyD; t&I;H ay;vdu k yf g? rif;toufukd
csrf;omay;r,f}}
aNrmufckefckefu aNymonf/
]]uRefawmf toufaocsif aoygap? b,fawmhrS t&IH;ray;bl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu &J&Jawmufpdwf"mwfNzifh wif;rmNywfom;pGm NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]awmuf ... w,facgif;rmwJh aumifav;yJ? oufoufñSmñSmeJY tavsmhay;vdkY ay;rSef;vJ rodbl;}}
]]uRefawmfhudk oufñSmaep&m tavQmhay;aep&m rvdkbl;? cifAsm;Edkif&if uRefawmfhudk owfoGm; 'gyJ}}
rd r d \ od k i f ; ynmtqif h u aNrmuf c k e f c k e f u d k rrD E d k i f a Mumif ; &S D ; xif c sd w f o d o nf / od k Y aomf
&J&ifhowdå&Sdolwpfa,mufyDyD t&IH;ay; tnHhcHzdkYawmh pdwfrul;/
aNrmufckefckefonf a&Smifwdrf;ckcHae&mrS wefNyefwdkufppfqifavawmhonf/
nmvuf0g;Nzifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;&kdufonf/
vuf0g;&dkufcsufrSm tvGefyifoGufvufonf/ odkif;[efuvnf; wrlqef;onf/
w&pyfa0SU,rf;wdu k cf u
dk af eaom pkww f cH Ref xd;k ESucf sufEiS hf "m;&Sncf wk cf sufrsm;tMum;rS vuf0g;&du k cf sufu
wdk;0ifvmum &SD;xifcsdwf\ b,fbufykckH;udk xdrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf ,drf;,dkifoGm;onf/
aNrmufckefckef\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm;u qifhuJqifhuJ xyfumxyfum 0ifa&mufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf wpfcsufNyD;wpfcsuf txdcH&onf/ twGif;tm;Nzifh wif;um ckcHaomfvnf; r&/ rsufvkH;rsm;
Nyma0vmonf/
]]rvkyfeJY rvkyfeJY}}
atmf[pfoHESifhtwl &SD;xifcsdwfESifh aNrmufckefckefwdkY wdkufckdufae&modkY ,efzdefzdef taNy;a&mufvmonf/
taMumufveG u f m owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;aom ,efzed zf ed o f nf owdNyef&vmaomtcg &S;D xifcsdww f pfa,muf
&efol\vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm;atmufwGif tvl;tvJ cHae&onfudk awGU&onfhtwGuf atmf[pf aNy;0ifvmNcif;
Nzpfayonf/
xd k t csd e f w G i f &S D ; xif c sd w f r S m aNrmuf c k e f c k e f \ vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf a Mumif h acG , d k i f u m aNrMuD ; ay:
vJusaeNyDNzpfonf/
,efzdefzdefonf &DS;xifcsdwfudk tomt,m qGJayGUvkdufonf/
rdrdudk ,efzdefzdefu qGJayGUvkdufonfudk od&NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfrSm owdvpfoGm;avawmhonf/
]]awmuf ... vlqdk;MuD; vlqdk;MuD;}}
,efzdefzdefonf rD;xGufrwwf pl;&Saom tMunfhNzifh aNrmufckefckefudk MunfhNyD; atmf[pfMudrf;0g;vdkufonf/
olonf aNrmufcek cf ek u f kd tvGeyf ifaMumufonf/ aNrmufcek cf ek \ f vSnphf m;aNcmufveS Yf rrI sm;aMumifh taMumufveG u f m
owdvpfíyif oGm;cJhzl;onf/
,ck 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;Nzifh owdvpfoGm;aom &SD;xifcsdwfudk awGU&aomtcgwGifrl aMumuf&rSef;vefY&rSef;
rodawmh/ aNrmufckefckefudkyif &efNyKwdkufckdufawmhrnfuJhodkYyif Nzpfvmonf/
258
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efzdefzdefpdwfxJwGif &SD;xifcsdwfudk cspfaerdNyDNzpfonf/
olonf xdktcspfpdwfaMumifh ,ckvdk owdårsm;&SdaeNcif; Nzpfayonf/
aNrmufckefckefonf ,efzdefzdef\tem;okdY vSpfceJ a&muf&SdvmNyD; taMumxdk;ydwfvdkuf&m ,efzdefzdefrSm
rnfokdYrQ rvIyf&Sm;EdkifawmhbJ ausmuf&kyfwpf&kyfvdk NzpfoGm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf owdvpfarhaNrmae&mrS Nyefvnfowd&vmonf/
]]zdefzdef ... zdefzdef rif;b,frSmvJ\}}
owd&vmonfESifh ,efzdefzdefudk atmf[pfac: onf/
yufvufvJusae&mrSvnf; xxdkifrdonf/
]]vlav; owdxm;yg? bmrSvJ rpdk;&drfygeJY? tEÅ&m,fvJ r&Sdawmhygbl;}}
pum;oHwpfoHESifhtwl vlwpfa,mufu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tomaz;rum xdkifvsufom;Nzpfatmif
NyKNyifay;vkdufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rsufvkH;udkyGwfoyfNyD; Munfhvdkuf&m olUudkaz;rwGJxlay;olrSm ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;
Nzpfaeonfudk awGU&onf/
]]zdefzdefaum b,fa&mufaeovJ[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD;udk ar;vdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... rif;&JU vufpGJawmf wynfhav;udk ar;wmvm;}}
ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;u Nyefar;&m &SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfNyvkdufonf/
]]rif ; wynf h a v; b,f a &muf a ew,f q d k w mud k a wmh igvJ r od b l ; ? t&k P f w uf c geD ; rS m rif ; ud k
aNrMuD;ay:vJusaewm awGY&wmeJY ightcef;udk ac:vmay;wmyJ? rif;wynfhav;udkawmh b,fae&mrSmrS rawGU&bl;}}
,efzdefzdefudk aNrmufckefckefu zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;Ncif; Nzpfrnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf awG;vdkufrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;udk pkpnf;Munfh&m rnfodkYrQpkpnf;í r&/ &if0qDwGif wpfqdkYum atmifhvmNyD;
acR;oD;acR;aygufawGom usvmonf/
]]ightwGif;tm;awG pkpnf;vdkUr&atmif aNrmufckefckefu vkyfoGm;cJhwmudk;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm xdkokdYawG;awmNyD; tvGefyif pdwf"mwfusqif;oGm;&onf/
olUrsufESmtrlt&m ysufoGm;onfudk tuJcwfrdaom ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;u tm;ay;ESpfodrfhpum;
aNymMum;onf/
]]vlav; ... pdwfudk at;at;xm;yguG,f? vlav;rSm xdckduf'Pf&m&xm;wmawG renf;bl;? 'DvdktcgrsKd;rSm
pdwfwnfwnfNidrfNidrf xm;zdkYu odyfta&;MuD;w,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmrQNyefraNymbJ oufNyif;om csvdkufawmhonf/
olUtzdkY bmudkyJpOf;pm; pOf;pm; at;uGufuawmh wpfckrQr&Sd/
,efzdefzdefudk aNrmufckefckefu zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
0rf;tifarmufwdkYvnf; a&mufrvmMuao;/ aNrmufckefckef\ vufcsufrdoGm;Mu[efwlonf [líom
rSef;qawG;awm&onf/
udk,fwdkifrSmvnf; twGif;tm;rsm;pkpnf;ír&onfh taNcrdkY odkif;ynmrsm;udk tokH;rcsEdkifawmh/
vlomrefwpfa,mufESifh bmrQrNcm;em;onfh taNctaewGif a&mufaeavNyD/
þtNzpfrsm;aMumifh pdwfysufrdonfrSm rSefonf/
odkYaomf ...
tm;rmefudkum; ravQmh/
tqdk;qkH;taNctaeudk &ifqdkif&onfNzpfap MudK;pm;ausmfvTm;&ef &SD;xifcsdwf pdwfydkif;Nzwfxm;onf/
olonf avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;wGifyif qufvufaexkdifonf/ ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD;u
olUudkaumif;rGefpGm NyKpkay;onf/
ckepf&ufcefUMumaomf &&Sdxm;aom'Pf&mrsm;vnf; tawmfoufomvmonfhtwGuf bkef;awmfMuD;rsm;tm;
EIwfqufNyD; avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rS xGufvmcJhonf/
259
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
twGif;tm;pkpnf;í r&aom odkif;orm;wpfa,mufonf tawmifusKd;aom iSufESifh rNcm;ay/
vufwGJ&rnfh tazmfvnf; r&SdonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf\b0rSm pdwfysuftm;avsmhzG,f&m Nzpfonf/
olonf rdrd\zcif&SD;[kefudk vdkufvH&SmazG&ef? a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf;ckd;,loGm;oltm;
pkHprf;azmfxkwf&efESifh odkif;avmuwGif &efvkdwdkufckdufrIrsm; yaysmufoGm;a&;wdkUtwGuf aqmif&Guf&ef rlvu
&nf&G,fcsufxm;cJhonf/
,ckvkd vlomrefEiS hf rNcm;awmhaom taNctaewGif xd&k nf&, G cf surf sm;udk taumiftxnfazmf vkyaf qmif&ef
rNzpfEdkifawmhay/
rnfonfhae&modkY oGm;í bmqufvkyf&rnfudkyif rodbJ vrf;paysmufovdk Nzpfaeonf/
aemuf q k H ; wG i f rd r d \ rd c if y d k i f p k u sif & S d & mod k Y oG m ;&ef q k H ; Nzwf u m id k a rqef ; awmif & S d & mok d Y
a&SU&IvmcJhavawmhonf/
twGif;tm;pkpnf;í r&EdkifawmhNyDrdkY c&D;&SnfoGm;&onfrSm cufcJyifyef;vSonf/
odYk aomf ZGrJ mefwif;um c&D;Murf;udEk iS v f mcJ&h m aemufq;Hk wGif idak rqef;awmifoYdk a&muf&o dS mG ;avawmhonf/

260
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (29)
idkarqef;awmifMuD;onf MuD;rm;us,f0ef;aom awmifaMumMuD;wpfck Nzpfonf/ opfMuD;0g;MuD;rsm;
xlxyfonf/ vQKdaNrmifaygrsm;onf/
taNymus,fvSaom idkarqef;awmifwGif rdcifNzpfoltm; rnfonfhae&mwGif oGm;a&muf&SmazG&rnfudk
&SD;xifcsdwf rodygay/
tcsderf mS vnf; naeapmif;ae0ifawmhrnfh tcsdeNf zpf&m &S;D xifcsdwo
f nf awmifay:okYd wuf&ef pdwrf ul;Edik b
f J
awmifaNcwpfae&m&Sd opfyifMuD;wpfyifxufwiG f wufum wpfnwmtwGuf Nzpfovdt k em;,l&ef Nyifqif&avonf/
opfMuD;0g;MuD;rsm; aygrsm;aom idkarqef;awmifaNcwGif MuD;rm;vSonfh yifapmifopfyifMuD;rsm;
trsm;tNym;yif & S d & m &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf tawmf M uD ; rm;aom opf y if M uD ; wpf y if u d k a&G ; cs,f u m
cGqkHwpfae&mokdYa&mufatmif MudK;pm;wufvmcJhonf/
opfyifcGqkHae&monf vlwpfa,muf aumif;aumif;vJavsmif;aeEdkif&ef us,f0ef;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf
c&D;aqmiftdwfudkcsum at;at;oufomyif vJavsmif;tem;,laevdkufonf/
xdkopfyifMuD;onf aNruGufvyfwpfcktpyfem;wGif aygufa&mufaeNcif;Nzpf&m atmufaNcwGifvnf;
tawmfyif &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; &Sdonf/
awmifwef;awmifpG,fa'orsm;\ xkH;pHtwkdif; ae0ifoGm;onfESifh tarSmifxku vTrf;rdk;vmonf/
nOfhiSufrsm;? ydk;aumifrTm;aumifrsm;? nxGufwwfaom owå0grsm;\ atmfoH[pfoHrsm;vnf;
pDpDnHívmonf/
xdkobm0toHrsm;onf em;axmifí pdwfMunfEl;zG,f&m wpfrsKd;aumif;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf awmawmifobm0toHwdkYudk em;axmif&if; rsufpdrSdwfum rSdef;aeonf/
&k w f w &uf pD p D n H n H M um;ae&aom awmawmif o bm0toH r sm; wd w f q d w f o G m ;onf h t wG u f
rsufpdrSdwfxm;aom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm rsufvkH;yGifhvmcJhonf/
261
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
'DvdktoHrsm; &kwfw&uf wdwfqdwfoGm;Ncif;onf r&dk;aMumif; pdwfxJwGif wGufvdkufrdonf/
]]nOfhiSufawG&JU toHvnf; rMum;&bl;? nowå0gav;awG&JU vIyf&Sm;atmf[pfoHawGvnf; wdwfoGm;w,f?
bmNzpfvdkYygvdrfh? xl;awmhxl;wmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf ywf0ef;usifudkpl;prf;um tuJcwfMunfh&Ionf/
opfyifcGqkHxuf tNrifhqDrSqD;í Munfh&onfNzpfaomaMumifh NrifuGif;u tawmfyifaumif;onf/
a0;a0;qDokdY NrifEdkifawGUEdkifonf/
cyfvSrf;vSrf;qDwGif &dyfceJ&dyfceJ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwf Nrifvdkuf&onf/
vufceJvufceJ ta&mifrsm; NydK;NyufoGm;onfudkvnf; awGU&onf/
tpwGifawmh bmrSef;rod&? vIyf&Sm;aerIrsm; wNznf;Nznf;eD;vmrS tawmfav;oJuGJpGm Nrifvm&onf/
ydefydef&Snf&Snf vlwpfa,muf\aemufokdY vufeufrsKd;pkHudkifaqmifum t0wftpm;trsKd;rsKd;0wfxm;ol
ckepfa,mufu vkdufvHwdkufckdufaeMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf&Sdaeaom opfyifMuD;\atmufrS aNruGufvyfodkY a&mufaomtcgwGifrl ydef&Snf&SnfvlMuD;udk
vlckepfa,mufu 0ef;&HrdoGm;onf/
aumif ; uif w G i f vromaomf v nf ; wd r f u if ; pif o nf h t wG u f Mu,f a &mif r sm;vif ; vuf a eonf /
tumtuG,fr&Sdaom aNruGufvyfxJokdY Mu,fa&mifrsm;xdk;usaeoNzifh tvif;a&mif toifhtwifh&Sd\/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf t0dkif;cHxm;&aom vlydefMuD;udk tomyiftuJcwfMunfhrdonf/
vl y d e f M uD ; rS m ud k , f c E¨ m yd e f v S D o vd k rsuf E S m rS m vnf ; acsmif u sum yg;&d k ; rsm; aigxG u f a eonf /
rsufvkH;utNyifokdY NyKwfxGufrwwf NyL;us,faeonf/
]]aNy;vd k Y r vG w f E d k i f a wmh y gbl ; ,ef a vmuf q ef ? vuf e uf c sNyD ; t&I H ; ay;yg? cif A sm;&J U touf u d k
csrf;omay;vkdufr,f}}
0ef;&Hxm;olckepfa,mufteufrS t&yfykyk vlwpfa,mufu aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ &ifxJvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
]]tvdk ... ,efavmufqefqykd gvm;? OD;OD;0rf;tifarmuf aNymNycJw h hJ t&k;d aysmh,efavmufqefrsm; Nzpfaervm;}}
pdwfxJrSvnf; xdkokdYawG;rdum opfyifatmuf&Sd aNruGufvyfxJwGif Nzpfay:aeaom vIyf&Sm;rItaNctaeudk
qufvuftuJcwf Munfhaeonf/
]]vufeufcst&IH;ay;zdkY vmaNymraeygeJY vdefqD? cifAsm;wdkY tpGrf;xufvdkY usKyfudktEdkifwdkufEdkif&if
taoowfoGm;Edkifw,f? at; ... wpfckawmhaNymr,f? usKyfu toufudkom taocHr,f? cifAsm;wdkYvdkcsifaewJh
rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&SdwJhae&mudkawmh b,fawmhrS xkwfraNymbl;rSwfyg}}
,efavmufqefqdkol ydefydef&Snf&SnfvlMuD;u tHMudwfumaNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\&ifxJwGif vIyf&Sm;oGm;&Nyefonf/
odkif;avmuwGif tvGefemrnfausmfMum;um odkif;orm;wdkif;vdkcsifaeaom rdpämraemodkif;usrf;taMumif;
wpGef;wp Mum;od&NyDr[kwfygvm;/
]]awmuf ... acgif;rmvSwJhaumif? 0dkif;wdkufMuuGm}}
vlwpfa,mufu rausreyf atmf[pfaNymqdkonf/
xdYk aemuf xdo k cl ek pfa,mufwYkd onf ,efavmufqefukd 0dik ;f um twif;w&Murf; wdu k cf udk Mf uavawmhonf/
,efavmufqefuvnf; nmvuf&Sd"m;&Snfudk ]0D} ac:atmif a0SY,rf;um 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufvmonfh
"m;csufudk ckcHwGef;vSefonf/
0dik ;f 0ef;wdu k cf udk af eMuolrsm;onf wdu k pf pfqif&if; yg;pyfrv S nf; wpfa,mufwpfayguf aNymqdak eMuonf/
,efavmufqef\ pdwfwnfNidrfrI ysufNym;um a'goxGufNyD; [muGufvufuGufrsm; Nzpfay:vmap&ef
&nf&G,faNymqdkaeMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
,efavmufqefuawmh wpfcGef;rQ wkHYNyefaNymqdkNcif;r&Sd/
0kdif;0ef;wdkufcdkufvmMuaom "m;csufrsm;udkom oGufvufNrefqefpGm ckcHumuG,faeonf/
xdkokdYckcHumuG,f&if; &kwfw&uf wefNyefwdkufppfqifum "m;&Snfudka&SUodkY wGef;xdk;vkdufonf/
262
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
"m;&Snfu a&SUwnfhwnfh&Sdvl\ &ifbwfqDokdY wef;ceJ0ifoGm;onf/
xdkvlrSm tvefYwMum;yif aemufokdYckefqkwfvkdufonf/
,efavmufqef\"m;csufrSm oDoDav;uyfum vGJoGm;avonf/
xdkolaemufqkwfa&SmifvkdufonfhtwGuf 0ef;&HwdkufckdufydwfqdkYxm;rIwGif [muGufae&mav;wpfck
Nzpfay:oGm;onf/
,efavmufqefonf xd[ k muGuaf e&mrS xd;k azmufxu
G af Ny;rnftNyKwGif vdeq f u
D avcReo f NH yKtcsuaf y;um
vufeufykef;Nzifh vSrf;ypfaygufonf/
usefvlig;a,mufwdkYuvnf; ,efavmufqef\ udk,fcE¨matmufykdif;udk "m;&Snfrsm;Nzifh NydKifwl0kdif;ñSyfum
ckwyf ikd ;f vdu
k Mf uonf/ vdeq f \ D vufeufyek ;f rsm;u ,efavmufqef\ ud, k cf E¨mtxufyikd ;f okYd OD;wnfvmaeonf/
"m;&Snfig;vuf\ckwfcsufrsm;u ,efavmufqef\ udk,fcE¨matmufykdif;okdY Ncdrf;aNcmufaeonf/
,efavmufqeftzdkY tawmfyif tEÅ&m,frsm;vSaom taNctaeyifwnf;/
ud, k cf E¨matmufyidk ;f okYd Ncdr;f aNcmufvmaom "m;csufrsm;rSvw G af Nrmuf&efrmS tay:odYk cek v f mT ; a&Smifwrd ;f rSom
Nzpfrnf/
xdkokdY tay:odkY ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;vQif vdefqD\ vufeufykef;rsm;ESifh 'ufxdwdk;rdayawmhrnf/
vdefqD\vufeufykef;rsm;udk a&SmifEdkif&efrSm udk,fcE¨mudkatmufokdY 0yfcsrSomNzpfrnf/ xdkokdY0yfcsygu
"m;csufrsm;atmufwGif vnfpif;ay;ovdk NzpfoGm;ayrnf/ ql;Mum;rS bl;cg;ozG,f/
opfyifay:rS wdkufyGJtaNctaeudkMunhfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tEÅ&m,fMuKHae&ol ,efavmufqeftwGuf
pkd;&drfrdonf/
]]'ku©ygyJ? 'Dvlawmh tay:udka&Smif&if vufeufykef;txdcH&r,f? atmufbufudka&Smif&ifvnf;
"m;csuf awG txd c H & r,f ? [k d vl a wG u w,f v nf ;&uf puf ygvm;? trsm;eJ Y v nf ; 0d k if ;wk d u f M uao;w,f?
Murf;MuKwfwJhtuGufawGudkvnf; okH;Muao;w,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJ ,efavmufqefudk 0ifa&mufulnDay;csifvmonf/
odYk aomf twGi;f tm;tzsufq;D cHxm;&aomaMumifh rdru d ,kd rf rS rd t
d Edik Ef ikd f xde;f ae&aomtcsderf Ykd pdwo f mG ;wkid ;f
ukd,frygEdkifay/
olawG;awm pkd;&drfaecsdefrSmyif ,efavmufqefonf r,kHEdkifavmufatmif qef;Nym;aomvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk
NyKvdkufavonf/
,efavmufqef\ ukd,fcE¨monf avxJokdY ckefMuGwufoGm;onf/ wqufwnf;yif udk,fcE¨mudk
auG;nTwfvdkufonf/ auG;nTwfvdkufykHrSm tvGefyifaysmhaysmif;vSonf/ wpfudk,fvkH;auG;um abmvkH;wpfckvdk
NzpfoGm;onf/
þokdY cE¨mudk,fudk aysmhaysmif;pGm auG;nTwfvdkufonfhtwGuf vdefqD\ tydkifypfcwfvdkufaom
vufeufykef;rsm;onf ,efavmufqef\ udk,fcE¨mtay:bufrSuyfum vGJxGufoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ,efavmufqef\ "m;vufudkifonfatmufodkY qefYxGufvmum 0kdif;ckwfvmaom
"m;csufrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifonf/
"m;csif;xdrdonfESifh xdkokdYxdrdonfhtm;t[kefudk,lum ta0;okdY ckefxGufoGm;onf/
,efavmufqef\ udk,fcE¨mauG;nTwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;ykHrSm tvGefyifoGufvufNrefqefum tHhrcef;Edkifatmif
NzpfonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifh Munhfaerdonf/
]]tm;}}
pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfoHay:vmí &SD;xifcsdwf vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ ,efavmufqefu ckefvTm;xGufoGm;&if;
"m;NzifhwpfcsufwGwfvdkufoNzifh wzufvlwpfa,mufudk xdrdí atmf[pfvdkufoHNzpfaMumif; od&onf/
xdkYNyif vdefqD\vufESpfzuf oGufvufpGm vIyf&Sm;oGm;onfudkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf &dyfceJNrif&onf/
ckefxGufoGm;aom ,efavmufqefonf aNrMuD;ay:aNccsrdonfESifh w[kefxdk;xGufaNy;oGm;onf/
aNcwpfvSrf;om vSrf;&ao;onf? &kwfw&uf cvkwfwdkufovdkNzpfum arSmufvsufom; vJusoGm;onf/

263
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
þtNzpftysufrsm;onf rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwNyufrQaom tcsdefydkif;av;twGif; qufwdkufNzpfyGm;cJhNcif;
Nzpfonf/
b,f[mu t&ifNzpfum b,f[muaemufrSNzpfonfudkyif cGJNcm;ír&Edkif/
tm;vkH; NydKifwlNzpfoGm;onf[kom qdk&rnf/
yxrwGif &SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqefwpfa,muf xGufaNy;toGm;wGif wpfpkHwpf&mESifhwdkufrdum
vJusoGm;Ncif;Nzpfrnf[k xifrdao;onf/
]]'DvlMuD; raNy;Edkifawmhbl;? usKyf&JU uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyf xdrdoGm;NyD}}
vdefqD\ atmf[pfaNymqdkoHay:vmrS ,efavmufqefvJusoGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;udk &SD;xifcsdwf
em;vnfod&Sd&avawmh\/
,efavmufqefonf vJusoGm;&mrS NyefxEdkif&ef MudK;pm;ao;onf/
okdYaomf b,fvdkrS Nyefxír&/
xdktcsdefrSmyif vdefqDESifhtazmfig;a,mufwdkYonf olUteD;okdY taNy;a&mufvmNyD; ywfywfvnf
0ef;&Hxm;vdkufMuonf/
,efavmufqef\"m;csuf txdcH&olrSmrl NyefxrvmEdkifawmhay/
,efavmufqefonf rdrdtm; 0ef;&Hxm;olrsm;udk rD;0if;0if;awmufaeonfh rsufvkH;rsm;Nzifh rkef;wD;pGm
Munfhaeonf/
uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyftxdcH&onfh olUnmbufaNcaxmufrSm &kwfNcnf;yif a,mifukdif;vmonf/
]]usKyfudk aNzaq;ay;yg vdefqD}}
,efavmufqefu vdefqDudk pdef;pdef;Munfhum at;pufpufavoHESifh aNymonf/
]]vufeufcsrS aNzaq;ay;r,f}}
vdefqDu txufpD;avoHESifh aNymonf/
,efavmufqefonf tHwpfcsufMudwfum nmvufwGifqkyfudkifxm;aom "m;&Snfudk aNrMuD;ay:
ypfcsvdkufonf/
]]olUudk MudK;eJYwkyfvdkufawmh}}
vlwpfa,muf a&SUwufoGm;um ,efavmufqefudk vufNyefMudK; wkyfaESmifvdkufonf/
MudK;Nzifh wkyfaESmifNyD;aomtcgwGifrS usefvlrsm;u vufeufrsm;udk Nyefodrf;vkdufMuonf/
vdefqDuvnf; ,efavmufqefudk aNzaq;wdkufauR;um uif;NrD;aumuf tqdyftyftxdcH&onfhae&mudk
aiG"m;yg;av;Nzifh cyf&G&GcGJcsay;vkduf&m ndKykyfykyfaoG;&nfrsm; pD;xGufvmonf/
xdkYaemuf vdefqDu "m;cGJae&mwGif aq;rIefUtenf;i,f odyfay;vdkufNyefonf/
]]uJ ... aNzaq;vnf; wkdufNyD;NyD? temusuftqdyfaNzaq;vnf; vdrf;ay;NyD;NyD? usKyfwdkYbufu
wm0efausovdk cifAsm;bufuvnf; ausyGefygap? b,frSmvJ rdpämraemokdif;usrf;}}
vdefqDu avoHat;at;Nzihf aNymonf/
]]usKyfaNymyghr,f? 'gayr,fh tm;vkH;odatmifawmh aNymrNyEdkifbl;? cifAsm;udkNzpfNzpf cifAsm;wdkYxJu
wpfa,mufa,mufudkNzpfNzpf wpfa,mufwnf;udkyJ aNymNyEdkifr,f}}
]]'gu b,fvdkoabmvJ ,efavmufqef}}
]]uJyg ... pum;&SnfraeygeJY? b,folUudkaNymNy&r,fqdkwmudkyJ a&G;yg}}
vdefqDwdkY aNcmufa,mufonf EIwfqdwfum NidrfoGm;Muonf/
opfyifay:rS acsmif;aNrmif;Munfh&Iaeol &SD;xifcsdwfrSmrl ,efavmufqef\ xl;Ncm;aompum;aMumifh
rpOf;pm;wwfatmif NzpfoGm;&onf/
]]vQKdU0Sufcsufudk xkwfaNymvdkufw,fqdk&if wpfa,mufudkaNymaNym trsm;udkaNymaNym twlwlyJaygh? NyD;awmh
[k d v l a wG u vnf ; wpf a ,muf o d & NyD ; &if usef v l a wG u d k quf a NymEk d i f v suf o m;eJ Y bmaMumif h r sm;
ai;idkifpOf;pm;aeMu&wmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf &dk;&dk;&Sif;&Sif;uav;yif awG;rdonf/
264
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
acwårQNidrfoufaeNyD;aemuf vdefqDu a&SUodkYwufvSrf;um ...
]]aumif;NyD? 'Dvdkqdk&if usKyfudkaNymNy}}
vdeq f \ D EIwrf S xdpk um;xGuo f mG ;onfEiS hf usefoidk ;f orm;ig;a,mufwYkd rmS vIyvf yI &f mS ;&Sm; NzpfomG ;Muonf/
ol w d k Y onf wpf a ,muf r suf E S m wpf a ,muf Munf h v d k u f M uonf / xd k Y aemuf wpf a ,muf u
rauseyfonfhtoGifNzifh pum;qdkvmonf/
]]aeygOD; vdefqD? tckudpörSm usKyfwdkYwawG b,favmufMudK;pm;cJh&w,fqdkwm cifAsm;vnf; todygyJ?
'DvQKdU0Sufowif;udk usKyfyJ em;axmifoifhygw,f}}
avmbpdwfudk rxdef;Edkifolrsm;tzdkY aiGaMu;Opöm okdYr[kwf rufarmavmufonfh ypönf;wpkHw&mESifh
ywfoufvmvQif wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ta0rwnfhbJ toufaoqkH;&onftxdyif &efvdkwdkufcdkufwwfMuonf/
xdkol\pum;aMumifh vdefqDrSm a'gotrsufxGufum rsufESmtrlt&m cufxefwif;rmoGm;onf/
]]bmaNymw,f a&SmifusDzl? cifAsm;u usKyfudk wrifNyóem vm&Smwmvm;? usKyf&JU uif;NrD;aumuf
tqdyftyfaMumifh ,efavmufqefudk trdzrf;EdkifNyD; t&IH;ay;ckdif;vdkY&cJhwm r[kwfvm;? 'Dawmh usKyfudk OD;pm;ay;zdkY
oifhwmaygh}}
]]cifAsm;pum;u usKyfwdkYudk tokH;rusbl;vdkY qdkcsifwJhoabmvm;}}
a&SmifusDzlu rauseyfonfhtoGifNzifh aNymNyefonf/
]]cifAsm;uaum usKyfudk tefwkcsifaevdkYvm;}}
vdefqDuvnf; tm;usrcHyif NyefaNymonf/
taNctaerSm wif;rmí vmavNyD/
]]tdk ... cifAsm;wpfa,mufwnf; vlwiG u f s,fvyk af ewmudak wmh usKyfwYkd u acgif;ikYH rcHEikd b
f ;l As? r[kwbf ;l vm;
udk,fhvlwdkY}}
a&S m if u sD z l o nf vd e f q D u d k a Nymqd k & if ; usef o k d i f ; orm;av;a,muf b uf o d k U vS n f h M unf h u m
qE´awmif;cHvdkufonf/
usefokdif;orm;av;a,mufonf acgif;vnf;rndwf? acgif;vnf;rcg 'Dtwdkif;yif &yfaeMuonf/
,ck tNiif;yGm;aerIwGif vdefqDESifh a&SmifusDzlwdkYESpfa,mufom aNz&Sif;apvdkonfh oabmyifNzpfonf/
]]uJ ... 'Dvdkvkyf? tckavmavmq,f ,efavmufqefudk xGufaNy;roGm;Edkifatmif MudK;eJYwkyfxm;vdkufr,f?
NyD;&if cifAsm;eJY usKyf okdif;ynmcsif; NydKifMuwmaygh? EdkifwJhvlu ,efavmufqefaNymwJh owif;udk em;axmif?
b,fvdkoabm&ovJ}}
vdefqDu a&SmifusDzludk aNymonf/
a&SmifusDzlu acgif;ndwfNyum ...
]]tif; ... usKyfvufcHw,f}}
vdefqDonf ,efavmufqefudk udk,fwdkifyif MudK;Nzifhtxyfxyf wkyfaESmifonf/ xdkYNyif aoG;aMumrsm;udkyg
xdk;ydwfypfvdkufao;onf/
xdktckdufwGif a&SmifusDzlu usefokdif;orm;av;a,mufbufodkY vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]rdk;e*g;*dkPf;u rdwfaqGrsm;eJY e*g;eD*dkPf;u nDaemifwdkY cifAsm;? e*g;0g*dkPf;u vdefqD vlvnf
vkyfvGef;wmudk rcHcsifwmaMumifh tckvdkvkyf&wmyg? 'gudk em;vnfapcsifygw,f}}
usefokdif;orm;av;a,mufwkdYonf EIwfrSbmrQraNym? &yfNrJwdkif;yif &yfaeMuonf/
odkYaomf a&SmifusDzl vkyfaqmifonfudk oabmwlaMumif;udkum; vdefqDrNrif&atmif rsuf&dyfrsufNcnf
NyMuonf/
olwdkYav;a,mufonf vdefqD\vkyf&yfudk oabmrusaomfvnf; xdyfwdkufNyóemrNzpfvdkonfhtwGuf
tomyif EIwfqdwfum a&SmifusDzlbufrS rodrom tm;ay;tm;aNr§muf vkyfvkdufMuNcif;Nzpfonf/
a&SmifusDzlrSmvnf; xdkoabmudk&dyfrdum e*g;eD*dkPf;ESifh rdk;e*g;*dkPf;0if okdif;orm;rsm;tay:
tawmfav;pdwfukefoGm;onf/

265
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdefqDonf ,efavmufqeftm; wkyfaESmiftaMumydwfNyD;NyDrdkY a&SmifusDzlxHokdY avQmufvSrf;vmonf/
a&SmifusDzlonf e*g;eD*dkPf;ESifh rdk;e*g;*dkPf;om;rsm;tay: rausreyfNzpfaepdwfudk ab;z,fxm;vsuf
vdefqDESifh&ifqdkif&ef Nyifqif&avawmhonf/
vdefqDESifh a&SmifusDzlwdkYESpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qdkifum &yfaeMuonf/
vdefqDonf e*g;0g*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;Nzpfum a&SmifusDzlrSmrl aNre*g;*dkPf;0ifNzpfonf/
olwdkUtm;vkH;onf wpfzufESifhwpfzuf odyfoifhNrwfMuonf r[kwf/ wpfOD;udkwpfOD; ,kHMunfpdwfcsrIvnf;
r&SdMuay/
,ck a vmavmq,f w G i f ,ef a vmuf q ef x H r S rd p ä m raemod k i f ; usrf ; ES i f h ywf o uf o nf h o wif ; ud k
&,lvdkaomaMumifhom ,m,Dyl;aygif;aeMuNcif;Nzpfonf/
wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; oHo,pdwfxm;Nzifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifNcif;onf ppfrSefaomnDnGwfa&;udk
&&SdEkdifrnfr[kwfay/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; tcGifhta&; tusKd;tNrwf&&Sd&ef vrf;pay:vmonfESifh wpfOD;udkwpfOD; &efapmifum
wdkufckdufMuonfh taNctaersKd;txd qdkufa&mufcJhMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
usefodkif;orm;av;a,mufwdkYonf vdefqDESifh a&SmifusDzlwdkY wdkufcdkufMuawmhrnfudk yuwdat;aq;aom
trlt&mNzifh MunfhaeMuonf/
rnfolEdkifí rnfol&IH;&IH; olwdkYtwGuf taMumif;r[kwfay/ NydKifbufwpfa,muf avsmhoGm;onfhtwGuf
tusKd;omvQif &&Sdayrnf/
a&SmifusDzlonf aNre*g;rmefapmifokdif;uGufudkokH;um vdefqDxHokdY vuf0g;wpfcsuf &dkufxkwfvdkufonf/
vdefqDuvnf; e*g;0grdk;ysHokdif;uGufNzifh a&SmifusDzl\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm;udk a&Smifwdrf;vdkufonf/
vdefqDonf vluykyk00Nzpfaomfvnf; vIyf&Sm;rIu ukd,fcE¨mESifhrvdkufatmifyif NrefqefvSonf/
a&SmifusDzluvnf; vuf0g;&dkufcsufvGJoGm;onfESifh aNcuefcsufrsm;Nzifh qufwkduf wdkufckdufNyefonf/
aNre*g; Nrpful;odkif;uGufudk xkwfokH;um wdkufcdkufvm&m a&SmifusDzl\uefcsufrsm;onf tuGufpdyfNyD;
&IyfaxG;vSonf/ vdefqDrSm MudK;pm;a&Smifwdrf;aomfvnf; b,fvdkrSrvGwfEdkifbJ aNcuefcsufrsm;xdrdum aNrMuD;ay:
vdrfhxGufoGm;onf/
a&SmifusDzlonf vkH;0oufnm§ Ncif; r&Sd/
b,fvdkrSrckcHEdkifbJ aNrNyifwGifvdrfhxGufoGm;aom vdefqDaemufokdY twif;vdkufum Nyif;xefvSonfh
wdkufcsufrsm;Nzifh qifhuJqifhuJ wdkufcdkufaeNyefonf/
usefokdif;orm;av;a,mufonf vdefqDtvl;tvJcHae&onfudk 0ifa&mufzsefaNzay;&ef pdwfrul;/
at;aq;wnfNidrfpGmyif MunfhNrJMunfhaeMuonf/
aemufq;Hk wGif vdeq f w D pfa,muf zGt
J w
d Mf uD;wpfcv
k kd ykv
H suo
f m;NzpfomG ;awmhrS a&SmifuszD u l wdu k cf u
dk af erIukd
&yfwefYvdkufonf/
]]'DavmufynmtpGrf;av;eJY usKyfudkvmNyD; tefwkr,fMuHwm tHhyg&JU}}
a&S m if u sD z l o nf rmef 0 if h a omavoH N zif h aNymNyD ; vd e f q D v J u sae&mud k ausmck d i f ; um
usefokdif;orm;av;OD;bufokdY rsufESmrlvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif zGJtdwfMuD; ykHusovdkNzpfaeaom vdefqDonf vIyf&Sm;ívmonf/
a&SmifusDzlurl ausmay;xm;oNzifh bmrQrod/ usefokdif;orm;av;OD;udkom rdrd\atmifEdkifrItwGuf
0ifhMuGm;pGm [ef[dwfxkwfaNymqdkaeonf/
]]vdeq f u
D EGm;aNc&mcGux f uJ zm;oli,fvkd olUud, k of t l [kwMf uD; xifaewm? tckawmh bmwwfEikd af o;vJ?
cif A sm;wd k Y t Nrif y J r[k w f v m;? usKyf u vnf ; tpG r f ; tpr&S d b J avvk H ; xG m ;[ef [ d w f x k w f w J h vl a wG u d k
odyftNrifuwfwmAs}}
vdefqDonf tdwfxJrS uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyfrsm;udk EIdufxkwfvdkufonf/
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;0ifESpfa,mufeJY e*g;eD*dkPf;0ifESpfa,mufwdkYonf vdefqD\tNyKtrludk NrifMuonf/ okdYaomf
a&SmifusDzludk bmrQaNymqdkowday;Ncif; rNyKMu/
266
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rodovdkom aeaeMuonf/
a&SmifusDzlaNymMum;aeonfwdkUudk pdwf0ifpm;onfhtoGifrsm;om NyKaeMuonf/
vdeq f o
D nf uif;NrD;aumuftqdyt f yf vufwpfqyk Ef u dI x
f w
k , f Nl yD;aemuf &So
d rQtm;rsm;udk MudK;pm;pkpnf;um
a&SmifusDzl\aemufausmodkY csdef&G,fypfaygufvdkufavawmhonf/
]]0Spf ... 0Spf ... 0Spf}}
uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyfrsm;u a&SmifusDzl&Sd&modkY t&Sdeft[kefNyif;pGmyif NzefYMuJ0ifa&mufvmonf/
a&SmifusDzlonf rdrdudkvdefqDu uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyfrsm;Nzifh ypfcwfwdkufckdufNyDNzpfaMumif;odum
&kwfNcnf;vIyf&Sm; a&Smifwdrf;vdkufonf/
olonf aNre*g;*dkPf;rS xdyfwef;odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfovdk odkif;ynmtawmfaumif;onf/
ta&;MuKHonfhtwGuf aNre*g;rdk;ysHodkif;uGufudkokH;um vIyf&Sm;a&Smifwdrf;vkdufykHrSm oGufvufNrefqefonf/
okdY&mwGif ...
owdrrlbJ ayghqaecdkufNzpf&m vIyf&Sm;a&Smifwdrf;&mwGif rqdkpavmufav; tcsdefvpf[if;oGm;onf/
xd k o k d Y vpf [ if ; oG m ;onf h t wG u f aemuf a usmrS t "d u aoG ; aMumuG u f a e&mok H ; ck w G i f
uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyfrsm; pdkuf0ifxdrSefoGm;avawmhonf/
a&SmifusDzlonf toHyifrxGufEdkifbJ t&kyfMudK;Nywf wkH;ceJvJusoGm;onf/
rdrdukd,frdrd txifwMuD;Nzpfum wzufvludk txifao;ayghqNcif;\ &v'fyifwnf;/
a&S m if u sD z l vJ u soG m ;onf E S i f h rd k ; e*g;*d k P f ; om;ES p f a ,muf u e*g;eD * d k P f ; om;ES p f a ,muf u d k
&kwfw&uf0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufvdkufavawmhonf/
vuf O D ; rI , l u m tvpf z rf ; wd k u f c d k u f v Qif e*g;eD * d k P f ; om;ES p f a ,muf u d k tNywf a csrI e f ; Ed k i f N yD ;
,efavmufqefxHrS rdpämraemodkif;usrf;ESifhywfoufonfh vQKdU0Sufowif;udk od&SdEdkifawmhrnfNzpfaomaMumifh
tm;ukeftifukef tpGrf;ukef wdkufcdkufaeMuonf/
wdkufcdkufrIu Nyif;xefvSonf/
apmapmu ,efavmufqefudk odkif;orm;ckepfa,muf 0dkif;0ef;wdkufckdufcJhonfxufyif ydkrdkNyif;xefonf/
olwYkd\okid ;f ynmpGr;f &nfrsm;rSm wpfzufEiS w hf pfzuf rwdr;f r,dr;f Nzpfonf/ pGr;f &nfcsi;f wlaeMuonft h wGuf
tMudwfte,fNzpfum Nyif;xefvSonf/
rd k ; e*g;ok d i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf E S i f h e*g;eD o k d i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf w d k Y "m;csuf r sm;xd u m
toD;oD;vJusoGm;Muonf/
usefrdk;e*g;odkif;orm;wpfa,mufESifh e*g;eDokdif;orm;wpfa,mufwkdY qufvufwdkufckdufaeMuonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf vJusoGm;MuNcif;r&Sdao;aomfvnf; 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;um; udk,fpD&SdaeMuayNyD/
odkYpifwkdif rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk &,lvdkaom avmbaZmaMumifh tNyif;txefwdkufyGJ0ifaeMuqJ Nzpfonf/
zkeftvdrf;vdrf; aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;Nzpfaeaomfvnf; oJMuD;rJMuD;yif qufvufwdkufckdufaeMuonf/
aemuf q k H ; wG i f ES p f a ,muf v k H ; r[ef E d k i f a wmh b J wpf a ,muf " m;csuf w pf a ,muf txd c H & um
vJusoGm;avawmhonf/
apmapmu atmf o H [ pf o H ? ck w f x pf w d k u f c k d u f o H r sm;Nzif h pD p D n H n H & S d a ecJ h a om wd k u f y G J a e&mrS m
Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfí oGm;avawmhonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf taNctaeud k tomapmih f M unf h a eao;onf / tcsd e f t wef M umonf t xd
rnfonfhvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; ay:rvmawmhonfhtcgwGifrS opfyifatmufokdY tomqif;vmcJhonf/
]]t&dk;aysmh,efavmufqefqdkwm cifAsm;vm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf opfyifaNc&if;odkY a&mufvmaomtcg MudK;NzifhwkyfaESmifcHxm;&onfh ,efavmufqefudk
pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; ar;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqefrSm taMumydwfcHxm;&onfhtwGuf pum;[umraNymEdkif/ xdkYaMumifh acgif;ndwfum
taNzay;onf/

267
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0rf;tifarmuf aNymNyxm;onfhtwGuf aNrmufckefckefESifh ,efavmufqefwdkY ESpfa,muftaMumif;udk
&SD;xifcsdwf Mum;odcJh&onf/
aNrmufckefckefudkrl udk,fwdkif&ifqdkifwkdufckdufcJh&NyD; olUvufcsufaMumifh twGif;tm;rsm; qkH;&IH;ysufpD;oGm;Ncif;
cHcJh&onf/ xdkYNyif,efzdefzdefudkvnf; aNrmufckefckefu zrf;qD;oGm;um 0rf;tifarmufESifh usifudk;wdkYESpfa,mufvnf;
aNrmufckefckefvufcsufrdoGm;Muonf[k &SD;xifcsdwf wGufxm;cJhonf/
olUtNrifwGif aNrmufckefckefrSm vlqkd;vlrdkuf vl&rf;um;MuD;wpfa,muf[k owfrSwfxm;cJhonf/
aNrmufckefckefESifhtwl emrnfausmfaeaom t&dk;aysmh,efavmufqefonfvnf; vlaumif;olaumif;r[kwfEdkif[k
olrSwfxifxm;onf/
xdkYaMumifh aNrmufckefckeftay: rkef;wD;emMunf;aeaom a'gopdwfrsm;onf ,efavmufqeftay:odkY
pkNyKHusa&mufvmawmhonf/
e*g;*d k P f ; a&mif p k H w d k Y r S od k i f ; orm;rsm;ES i f h tcsD t csaNymqd k a eMuonf h pum;rsm;t& þvl o nf
t&dk;aysmh,efavmufqef Nzpfrnfudk &SD;xifcsdwf odxm;NyD;avNyD/
odkY&mwGif ydkrdkaocsmatmif twdtusar;Nref;MunfhcJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
,efavmufqefxHrS [kwfrSefaMumif;taNz&NyD;onfESifh olonftHMudwfum "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwfvkdufonf/
]]'DvlMuD;[m rdpämraemokdif;usrf;eJYywfoufwJh vQKdU0Sufowif;udk odxm;w,f? olomaoqHk;oGm;&if
rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&JU vrf;pvnf; aysmufoGm;rSmyJ? tdk igu rdpämraemodkif;usrf;awG bmawGudk rrufarmygbl;?
vlawGudk 'ku©ay;r,fh odkif;orm;qdk;MuD;wpfa,mufudk &Sif;ypfvdkufzdkYom t"duyJ}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf xd k o k d Y awG ; awmNyD ; aemuf "m;&S n f u d k q ef Y xk w f u m ,ef a vmuf q ef \ &if 0 ok d Y
awhaxmufvdkufavonf/
þvI y f & S m ;rI r sm;ud k M unf h u m rd r d t m;"m;Nzif h x d k ; owf a wmh r nf Nzpf a Mumif ; ,ef a vmuf q ef
aumif;pGm&dyfrdoGm;onf/
,efavmufqef bmvkyf&rnfrSef;rodawmh/
taMumydwcf x H m;&onft h wGuf EIwrf v S nf;wpkw H &m aNymqd[ k efYwm;Ncif;rNyKEdik /f vIy&f mS ;a&Smifwrd ;f ívnf;
r&/
pdwfysufnpfnL;Ncif;? pdwfukefNcif;? tm;i,fNcif;? arQmfvifhcsufa&mifNcnf qdwfokOf;Ncif;ponfh
t&dyfta,mifrsm; olUrsufvkH;tdrfxJwGif &kwfNcnf;yif ay:aygufvmonf/
tuif;yg;aom &SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqefwpfa,muf aMumufvefYwkefvIyfaeaMumif;udk
tuJcwfro d nf/ "m;OD;udk ,efavmufqef\&ifbwfxo J Ydk xd;k oGi;f Ncif;rNyKbJ tomawh&aHk whxm;NyD; avSmifaNymifum
aNymvdkufavonf/
]]b,fvv kd AJ s? ud,
k t hf vSnu hf sawmh aMumufaeNyDvm;? cifAsm;tompD;&NyD; tEdik u f sifch w
hJ thJ csdeaf wGrmS wke;f u
&,fvdkYarmvdkY tm;&0rf;omvdkYr[kwfvm;? uRefawmf cifAsm;qDu bmowif;udkrS rvdkcsifbl;? odkif;usrf;awG
bmawGudkvnf; rrufarmbl;? vlawGudk'ku©ay;aewJh cifAsm;udk &Sif;vif;z,f&Sm;ypfzdkYyJ pdwf0ifpm;w,f? cifAsm;vdk
'kp&dkuform;wpfa,muf[m wpfaeYr[kwfwpfaeY 'Dvrf;udkoGm;&rSmygyJ}}
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudkwpfcgrQ rNrifzl;ay/ rdrdwpfMudrfwpfcgrQyif rawGUzl;? rNrifzl;ao;onfh
vl & G , f w pf a ,muf u rd r d t ay: tck v d k t Nid K ;wMuD ; ES i f h owf N zwf a wmh r nf h wuJ u J v k y f a eonf u d k
b,fvdkrSem;rvnfEkdifay/
'Dvl&G,fonf qef;awmhqef;onf/
okdif;avmu&Sd odkif;orm;taygif;onf rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk txl;yifvdkvm;wyfrufaeMuonf/
rdpmä raemodik ;f usrf;twGuf NzpfymG ;cJah om wdu k yf rJG sm;u renf;awmh/ toufq;Hk &I;H cJ&h olrsm;vnf; tawmfrsm;aeayNyD/
'Dvl&G,fuawmh rdpämraemokdif;usrf;udkvnf; vdkvm;wyfrufonfhtoGifr&Sd/ rdpämraemodkif;usrf;ESifhywfoufonfh
vQKdU0Sufowif;udkay;Edkifaom rdrdukdyif owfNzwfypf&efMuHaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf yg;pyfrS aNymqdkNyD;aemuf "m;oGm;udk tenf;i,ftm;pdkufum zdcsvdkufonf/

268
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
"m;zsm;u ,efavmufqef\tom;xJodkY pyg;vkH;wpfaxmufpmcefY0ifoGm;um eDapG;aomaoG;&nfrsm;
xGufusvmonf/
xd k t csd e f r S m yif &S D ; xif c sd w f \ em;xJ w G i f rd c if N zpf o l yd k i f p k u sif rS m Mum;vd k u f o nf h p um;rsm;ud k
NyefvnfMum;a,mifvmonf/
]]udk,fhtay:rSm NyefvnfrckcHEdkifwJhvludk r&ufpuf&bl;? onf;cHcGifhvTwf&r,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\vufrSm csufcsif;wkHY&yfoGm;onf/
rdrd\odkif;ynm tzsufqD;cH&Ncif;? ,efzdefzdef? 0rf;tifarmufESifh usifudk;wdkY aysmufqkH;aeNcif;wdkYtwGuf
aNrmuf c k e f c k e f t ay: a'goNzpf a e&mrS ,ef a vmuf q ef t ay:wG i f v nf ; tNid K ;MuD ; oG m ;cJ h a ompd w f r sm;
NyefvnfwnfNidrfvmonf/
]][if;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf oufNyif;wpfcsufcsum "m;&Snfudk Nyefodrf;onf/ ,efavmufqefwGif wkyfaESmifxm;aom
MudK;rsm;udkvnf; Nzwfay;vkdufonf/
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk em;rvnfEdkifaomtMunfhNzifh wtHhwMoMunfhaeonf/
]]'D o l i ,f &l ; rsm;&l ; aeovm;? tck y J igh u d k o wf a wmh r ,f N zpf a e&mu a[m ... tck igh u d k
MudK;awGNzwfay;aeNyefNyD? b,fvdkaumifav;vJ}}
,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGif em;rvnfpGm awG;vdkufrdonf/
MudK;rsm;Nywfawmufukefaomfvnf; taMumydwfcHxm;&aom ,efavmufqefrSm rvIyf&Sm;Edkifao;ay/
pum;vnf; raNymEdkifao;ay/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf vI y f v nf ; rvI y f ? pum;vnf ; raNymbJ 'D t wd k i f ; &S d a eaom ,ef a vmuf q ef u k d
pl;pdkufMunfhNyD;aemuf taMumydwfcHxm;&Ncif;NzpfaMumif; em;vnfoGm;onf/
olonf aNrmufckefckef\vufcsufaMumifh twGif;tm;pkpnf;ír&aom taNctaewGif &Sdaeonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef u d k wk y f a ES m if x m;aomMud K ;rsm;ud k "m;&S n f N zif h Nzwf a wmuf a y;Ed k i f a omf v nf ;
tyd w f c H x m;&aomtaMumrsm; Nyef a NyyG i f h & ef t wG u f u m; &S D ; xif c sd w f \ vuf a csmif ; rsm;tm;avmuf N zih f
xdk;ESdyftaMumaNzay;í r&Edkifay/
rnfokdYNyK&rnfudk tMuHxkwfumpOf;pm;&avawmhonf/
rMumrDyif tMuHaumif;wpfck pOf;pm;&onfhtwGuf tawmfaNzmifhwef;aom opfudkif;aNcmufwpfck&Smum
xdyfzsm;udk "m;NzifhcRefvkdufonf/
yxrwGif &SD;xifcsdwf\tNyKtrludk ,efavmufqef em;rvnfEdkifatmif Nzpfaeaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGifrl
oabmaygufoGm;onf/
]]vufpowfawmh 'Daumifav;[m odkif;ynmwwfvsufeJY twGif;tm; tzsufqD;cH&vkdY tokH;rcsEdkifbJ
Nzpfaewmudk;? 'g b,folUvufcsufygvdrfh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf opfudkif;udk pdwfMudKufcRefNyD;aemuf xdkopfudkif;cRefNzifh ,efavmufqef\taMumrsm;udk
xdk;ESdyfum ydwfaeaomtaMumrsm; NyefyGifhoGm;atmif NyKvkyfay;onf/
tvG,fawmhr&/ tawmfMuD; MudK;pm;yrf;pm;vkyfaqmif&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tm;pdkufcGefpdkuf MudK;yrf;vkyfaqmif&rIaMumifh arm[kdufum acR;wNydKufNydKufusaeonf/
]]'Dr,faumifav;? rif;u ighudkawGUawGUcsif; owfr,fNzwfr,fvkyfNyD;rS bmaMumifh u,fwifay;&wmvJ}}
taMumrsm; aNyyGifhoGm;NyDNzpfaom ,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk ar;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;oGm;p&m&Sdwmudkom oGm;prf;yg? uRefawmfhbmom uRefawmfaeyg&apawmh}}
rdrdtywfwukwf MudK;pm;avhusifhcJh&aom okdif;ynmysufpD; qkH;&IH;cJh&onfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
pd w f y suf t m;avsmh a eonf / pd w f v nf ; wd k a eonf / xd k Y a Mumif h aNymvd k u f a ompum;oH u rmausmovd k
rsufESmtrlt&mrSmvnf; cufxefaeonf/

269
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf tawG U tMuKH M uG , f 0 onf h t avsmuf ,ck r d r d a wG U Nrif a e&aom vl & G , f o nf
wpfpkHwpf&maom taMumif;aMumifh rausreyfESifh cHNyif;onfhpdwfrsm; Nzpfay:aeaMumif; tuJcwfrdonf/
]]igar;wmud k aNzprf ; ygOD ; ? apmapmu igh u d k o wf r ,f v d k Y vk y f N yD ; bmaMumif h r owf b J
MudK;awGbmawGNzwfay;NyD; u,fwifvdkuf&wmvJ? tckigu rif;udkNyefowf&if rif;tzdkY rcufaybl;vm;}}
,efavmufqefu xyfrH ar;Nref;vkdufNyefonf/
]]cif A sm;ar;wmud k raNzcsif b l ; ? cif A sm;ud k "m;eJ Y xd k ; zd k Y MuH c J h w mrauseyf v k d Y uRef a wmf h u d k
owfcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; Nyefowfaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu cyfat;at;yif NyefaNymonf/
]]t&dk;aysmh ,efavmufqef[m aus;Zl;&SifawGudk aus;Zl;qyfwwfovdk &efaMuG;udkvnf; r&rae
acsywwfw,fqdkwmudk rif;rMum;zl;bl;vm;}}
]]'guawmh cifAsm;xkH;pHeJY cifAsm;aygh? uRefawmfeJY b,fvdkrSrywfoufbl;? qdkifvnf;rqdkifbl;?
uRefawmfuawmh udk,fhudkNyefrckcHEdkifwJhvludk tEdkifrusifhbl;vdkY cH,lxm;w,f? cifAsm;wdkYemrnf& odkif;orm;awGvdk
EdkifuGufav;wpfck&&if twif;zdNyD; tEkdifusifhwwfwJhpdwfawmh r&Sdbl;}}
,efavmufqefu auseyfpGm&,farmvdkufNyD; ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;udkawmh oabmusoGm;NyD? rif;&JUcH,lcsufu igeJY wpfxyfwnf;ygvm;}}
]][if ... bmaNymw,f}}
]]rif;rSm tcktwGif;tm;awG pkpnf;vdkUr&wmaMumifh odkif;ynmwwfaNrmufvsufeJY tokH;rcsEdkifrSef;
igodygw,f? ig&efNyKr,fq&kd if rif;wpfcsuaf wmif ckcEH ikd rf mS r[kwb f ;l ? iguvnf; ighuv kd ;Hk 0 Nyefvnf rwdu k cf u
dk f
EdkifwJhvludk &efrNyKcsifbl;? 'gaMumifh rif;&JUcH,lcsufeJY ighcH,lcsufu wpfxyfwnf;vkdY aNymwmaygh}}
]]aumif;ygNyD? 'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; NyD;wmygyJ}}
]]uJ ... uJ ... 'gawGxm;vdkufprf;yg? rif;&JUpdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfNyD; apwem&SdykHudk igoabmusygw,f?
'Dae&mrSm igwdkYtMumMuD; pum;aNymaezdkYraumif;bl;? wNcm;wpfae&mudk oGm;Mu&atmifvm;}}
]]uReaf wmfuawmh cifAsm;eJY bmrSqufaNymp&m pum;r&Syd gbl;? cifAsm;bmomcifAsm; oGm;csiw f ahJ e&moGm;yg}}
]]rdpämraemodkif;usrf;eYJ ywfoufNyD; rif;ighudk rar;rNref;awmhbl;vm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudkMunfhvdkufonf/
,cifutaNctaersKd;qdkvQif rdpämraemodkif;usrf;taMumif;udk olpdwf0ifpm;rdrnf Nzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif twGif;tm;rsm; tzsufqD;cH&NyD;aemufwGif bmodkif;usrf;taMumif;udkrS pdwfr0ifpm;awmhay/
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;udkcg,rf;Nyum ...
]]rar;csifygbl;}}
]]bm ...}}
,efavmufqefrSm tHhMovSaomaMumifh EIwfrStmar!dwfoHyif NyKvdkufrdonf/
thHMornfqdkyguvnf; tHhMop&myif/
olodoavmufqdkvQif rdpämraemodkif;usrf;taMumif;udk okdif;orm;wdkif;yif pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/
rdpämraemodkif;usrf;&Sd&mESifh ywfoufonfh vQKdU0Sufowif;udk Mum;csifodcsifMuonf/
tcsKdUu olUudktMudKufay;um acsmhMuonf/
tcsKdUu awmif;yeftoem;cHMuonf/
tcsKdUu Ncdrf;aNcmufwdkufckdufMuonf/
b,fvdkenf;yJvkyfvkyf &nf&G,fcsufuawmh olUxHrS rdpämraemodkif;usrf; &Sdae&modkY vrf;nTefEdkifonfh
vQKdU0Sufowif;&&Sda&;yif Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuawmh rdpämraemodkif;usrf;taMumif;udkyif rar;csif[kqdkaeonf/
]]'Dr,faumifav;? rif;&JUtwGif;tm;awG e*dktwdkif; Nyefpkpnf;tokH;csvdkY&atmif igulnDay;csifw,f}}
,efavmufqefu wpfrsKd;vSnfhum aNymNyefonf/

270
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rd p ä m raemod k i f ; usrf ; taMumif ; aNympOf u pd w f r 0if p m;cJ h a om &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf twG i f ; tm;rsm;
Nyefvnfpkpnf;Edkifatmif ulnDrnfqdkaomtcg pdwf0ifpm;vmonf/
]]bm ... b,fvdk? uRefawmfh&JUtwGif;tm;awG Nyefvnfpkpnf;Edkifatmif cifAsm;u vkyfay;EdkifvdkYvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\avoHu wufwufMuGMuG&Sdvmonf/
]]tJ'Dvdkawmh igb,fvkyfay;EdkifrSmvJ? 'gayr,fh NzpfEdkifatmifawmh enf;vrf;&SmNyD; ulnDay;&rSmaygh}}
twGif;tm;tzsufqD;cH&í pdwfysuftm;avsmhaeaom &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY ,efavmufqef\pum;rSm
arQmfvifhcsufa&mifNcnfyif Nzpfonf/
]]cif A sm;ul n D r S m ud k a wmh uRef a wmf v uf c H c sif y gw,f ? 'D v k d u l n D a y;wJ h t wG u f cif A sm;ud k
b,fvdkaus;Zl;Nyefqyf&r,fqdkwmudkom aNymyg}}
]]'guawmh ightultnD[m rif;twGuf b,favmuftusKd;&Sdw,fqdkwmay:rSm wnfygw,f? at; ...
'gudk tckavmavmq,fraNymcsifao;bl;? udpöNyD;aNrmufatmifNrifrSaNymvnf; aemufrusao;ygbl;}}
]]aumif;NyDav? uRefawmf[m arQmfvifhcsufuif;rJhwJh vlwpfa,mufvdkNzpfaewmqdkawmh cifAsm;aNymwmudk
vufcH&rSmyJ}}
]]'DvdkrSayghuG}}
,efavmufqefonf vJusaoqk;H aeaom e*g;*dP k ;f aygif;pkrH S odik ;f orm;rsm;\ tavmif;rsm;tem;oGm;um
tdwfrsm;xJ&Sd &SdorQaom a&TaiGtoNymypönf;rsm;udk EIdufxkwf,lonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu bmrQraNymbJ tomNidrfum&yfaeonf/
pdwfwdkif;usEIduf,lNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;Munfhum ...
]]uJ ... x oGm;MupkdY? vrf;avQmuf&if; qufaNymMuwmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmrQpum;qdkraeawmhbJ c&D;aqmiftdwfudk aumufxrf;um ,efavmufqefESifhtwl
avQmufvSrf;vdkufvmcJhonf/
]]igwkdY t&ifqkH; tzdk;wefypönf;wpfcktaMumif; pkHprf;Mur,f}}
avQmufvSrf;vm&if; ,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudkaNymonf/
]][mAsm ... tzdk;wefwJhypönf;awG bmawG uRefawmfpdwfr0ifpm;ygbl;}}
]]rif;pdwfr0ifpm;wmudk igodygw,f? ightaeeJY vkyf&r,fhtvkyfudkom aNymaewmyg}}
]]tJ'Dtzdk;wefypönf;qdkwm bmvJ}}
]]rif;uvnf; w,fem;a0;wmudk;? bm&rvJ? rdpämraemodkif;usrf;aygh}}
]]tJ'Dokdif;usrf;u cifAsm;vufxJrSm r&Sdbl;vm;}}
,efavmufqefu oabmuspGm &,farmum ...
]]b,f&&dS rSmvnf;uG? wu,fvYkd ighvufxrJ mS om rdpmä raemodik ;f usrf;&Sad e&if ightoufav; tcktcsdet f xd
&SifaeEdkifygawmhrvm;}}
]]'geJYawmif cifAsm;u [kdvlawGudk bmaMumifhtNzpfrSeftwdkif; zGifhraNymvdkufwmvJ}}
]]rif;uawmh wu,fyJuGm? &dk;vdkufwmuvnf;vGefa&m? at; ... vl&dk;vlaNzmifhawGeJYawGU&ifawmh
&dk;om;wmaumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh apmapmuaumifawGvdk vlvdrfvlaumuf avmbom;awGeJYawGU&if udk,fu
&dk;om;rSefuefaevdkYuawmh 'ku©rsm;NyDomrSwf? trSeftwdkif;om zGifhaNymvdkufMunfhprf;? ig[m tckavmufqdk
aorif;wdkif;Nynf a&mufaewmMumvSNyD}}
]]cifAsm;u awmfawmfy&d,m,frsm;wJhvlyJ}}
]]'gayghuG? y&d,m,fokH;wwfrSNzpfwmaygh? avmurSm vltrsKd;rsKd;pdwftaxGaxG &SdwwfMuwmyJ? vlwdkif;udk
pif;vkH;acsm trSeftwdkif;csnf;aNymaevdkY b,fNzpfEdkifrSmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf awGa0aeonf/
,efavmufqef\pum;rsm;u olvufcHxm;onfhcH,lcsufrsm;ESifh qefYusifbufNzpfaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
odkYaomf olonf ,efavmufqefudk zufNydKifNiif;ckHNcif; rNyKay/
,efavmufqefu tuJcwfovdkMunfhNyD; qufaNymNyefonf/
271
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]avmuMuD;rSm apwemrygbJ qufqHMuwmuvnf; trsm;MuD;&Sdw,f? rsufESmMuD;&m [if;zwfygMuw,f?
a&rsm;&mrSm rdk;&GmMuw,f? at; ... wpfOD;arwåmwpfOD;rSmqdkovdk arwåmxm;&if arwåmwkHYNyefwmrsKd;vnf;
&Sdawmh&Sdygw,f}}
]]xm;ygawmhav? 'gawGeYJ ywfoufNyD; cifAsm;eJY rNiif;ckcH siyf gbl;? uReaf wmft h oufuvnf; i,fygao;w,f?
wNznf;Nznf;eJY vlUavmutaMumif;udk odvmrSmaygh? apmapmu cifAsm;aNymwJph um;udk Nyefquf&atmif? uRefawmfwYkd
rdpämraemokdif;usrf;taMumif;udk pkHprf;vdkYodNyDqdkygawmhAsm? uRefawmfwdkUu b,fvdkcHpm;cGifh&SdrSmvJ? 'gu
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odcsifvdkYom ar;wmyg? wu,fawmh bmtusKd;rSr&vnf; uRefawmfu cifAsm;udkulnDay;csif&if
ulnDay;rSmygyJ}}
,efavmufqefu auseyf[efNzifh acgif;ndwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]rif;rqdk;bl;? tawmfwdk;wufvmNyD? 'Dar;cGef;rsKd;udk tapmMuD;uwnf;u ar;oifhw,f? tay;t,lqdkwm
&S d o if h w maygh ? ol U tusKd ; ud k , f h t usKd ; &S d r S yl ; aygif ; aqmif & G u f v d k Y aumif ; wmr[k w f v m;? avmuMuD ; rS m
udk,fhtusKd;rMunfhbJeJY olwyg;twGuf vkyfaqmifay;wJhvl &Sm;w,f? tdk ... &Sdawmif r&SdEdkifbl;uGm}}
]]'gqdk&ifawmh cifAsm; rSm;oGm;NyD? cifAsm;aNymwJh vlpm;rsKd;&Sdygw,fAs}}
]]b,frSmvJ}}
]]trsm;MuD;ygyJ? cifAsm;u udk,fwdkifrMuKHawGU&ao;vdkYyg? wNcm;uvlrMunfheJY? uRefawmfhudkyJMunfh?
uRef a wmf [ m ud k , f e J Y vnf ; rqd k i f ? b,f a e&murS e f ; rd b aqG r sKd ; awG b,f o l r S e f ; awmif rod & wJ h
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk udk,fhtwGufvnf; tusKd;r&SdbJeJY ulnDu,fwifay;cJhw,f? tJ'Dvdk ulnDu,fwifay;cJhvdkY
uRefawmfhtwGif;tm;awG tzsufqD;cHvdkuf&wmyJ}}
þpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg ,efavmufqefonf aNymvufp pum;rsm;udkyifarhoGm;um uref;uwef;yif
ar;cGef;rsm; woDwwef;MuD; ar;avawmh\/
]]b,fu rdef;uav;vJ? touft&G,fuaum b,favmuf&SdNyDvJ? &kyfacsmovm;? &kyfqdk;ovm;?
ykHyef;oP²mefb,fvdk&SdovJ? emrnfudkaum odovm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rsufarSmifMuKwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;ar;cGef;awGu rsm;vScsnfvm;}}
]]igar;wmudkom aNzprf;yg? rif;twGuftusKd;r&SdbJ olwyg;udk tepfemcHulnDay;w,fqdkwmudk igawmh
r,kHEdkifao;bl;}}
]]cifAsm;u uRefawmfhudk apmfum;wmvm;? uRefawmfu wu,fhtNzpfudk aNymNyaewmAs}}
&SD;xifcsdwf pdwfwdkoGm;rSef;odaomaMumifh ,efavmufqefu NyKH;&,fNyD; ...
]]rif;uvnf; pdww f wkd mu t&ifu;kd uG? igar;wmawGuo kd m aNzprf;ygOD;? NyD;awmhrS rif;aNymwm [kwrf [kwf
igu csifhcsdefqkH;NzwfrSmaygh? avmuMuD;rSm olUtusKd;udk,fhtusKd;&SdrS yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifwwfMuw,f?
udk,fhtusKd;r&Sdbl;vm;? wzufvltusKd;&Sd&ifvnf; wcgwav vkyfay;ulnDEdkifw,f? at; ... udk,fhtwGuf
tusKd;r&Sw d t hJ Nyif tusKd;,kwcf ?H tepfemcHNyD;awmh rulnw D wfMuygbl;? uJ ... uJ rif;b,fvNkd zpfysufcw hJ ,fqw kd mudk
aoaocsmcsm aNymNyprf ; yg? 'gqd k & if igapmapmuar;wJ h ar;cG e f ; awG t wG u f taNzvnf ; wcgwnf ;
ay;NyD;om;NzpfoGm;r,f}}
]][kwfuJh aNymNyyghr,f? uRefawmfhemrnfu &SD;xifcsdwfvdkY ac:w,f}}
&S;D xifcsdwu f qufvufí ,efzed zf ed Ef iS hf awGUqkcH &hJ ykrH t S pNyKum aemufq;Hk avGurG ;f bke;f awmfMuD;ausmif;wGif
aNrmufckefckefESifh &ifqdkifwdkufckdufNyD; rdrdarhaNrmoGm;ykH? owd&vmaomtcg ,efzdefzdefudk rawGU&awmhbJ rdrdvnf;
twGif;tm;rsm; pkpnf;r&awmhykHtaMumif;rsm;udk NyefaNymNyvdkufonf/
ydkifpkusiftaMumif;ESifh rdrd ,ck idkarqef;awmifokdY vmNcif;rSm rdcif&Sd&modkYoGm;vdkíNzpfaMumif;wdkYudkrl
xkwfazmfaNymrNybJ xdrfcsefxm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwf\EIwfzsm;rS ,efzdefzdef\trnfudk xkwfaNymaecsdefwGif
,efavmufqefrSm £aNE´yifrqnfEdkifatmif rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;&onf/
&S;D xifcswd rf mS pum;aNymaumif;aeqJNzpfonft h Nyif xdtk csed uf arSmif&yd uf s&mae&modYk a&mufaeonft h wGuf
,efavmufqef\rsufESm trlt&maNymif;vJoGm;ykHudk owdrrlrdcJhay/
272
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefonf rdpmä raemokid ;f usrf;taMumif;udk pkpH rf;Edik af &;twGuf &S;D xifcsdwu f kd ckw;Hk vkyt f ok;H cs&ef
pOf ; pm;xm;cJ h o nf / ,ck r l &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf trS e f y if p d w f x m;aNzmif h r wf u m rd r d t ay:wG i f
txl;aus;Zl;NyKxm;olwpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; od&onfhtwGuf ,efavmufqefpdwfxm;rsm; aNymif;vJvm&onf/
]]'Dr,f &SD;xifcsdwf? &Sif;&Sif;aNym&r,fqdk&if igawmhrif;udk odyfav;pm;oGm;NyD? rif;[m wu,fhudk
udk,fusKd;pGefYNyD; olwyg;twGuf ulnDvkyfaqmifay;wJh vlwpfa,mufyJ? rif;vdkpdwfxm;rsKd; vlwdkif;rSm&Sd&if
avmuMuD;[m Nidrf;csrf;aysmf&TifaerSm rvGJbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfaNymNyonfrsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJyif aNymonf/
]]uRefawmfu 'Davmufvnf; r[kwfygbl;? OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufqdk&if uRefawmfhxufawmif trsm;tusKd;udk
vk y f a qmif c J h a o;w,f ? 'gaMumif h v nf ; ol U ud k orm"d 0 rf ; tif a rmuf v d k Y ac:Muwmaygh ? uRef a wmf e J Y
OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufwdkY oduRrf;&if;ESD;wm tcsdefodyfrMumvSygbl;? 'gayr,fh olUudkuRefawmf odyfav;pm;cifrifw,f?
&efolUvufcsufaMumifh OD;OD;0rf;tifarmuf aoqkH;oGm;&ayr,fhvdkY olU&JUrGefNrwfwJh ESvkH;om;uawmh wpfoufvkH;
&SifoefaerSmyg? uRefawmfawmh OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufudk wpfoufvkH; arhvdkY&rSmr[kwfbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf 0rf;tifarmufudk owd&vmaomaMumifh EIwfrSxkwfazmfaNymqdkrdonf/
]]rif;apmapmuaNymoGm;wJh pum;t&qdk&if 0rf;tifarmufudk aNrmufckefckefuowfoGm;wm rif;ukd,fwkdif
rsufNrifawmh r[kwfbl;aemf}}
,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk ar;vdkufonf/
]][kwfygw,f? uRefawmfukd,fwdkif Nrif&od&vdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;? pdwftxifeJYrSef;qNyD; aNymwmyg?
OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufu uRefawmfhudk b,fvdkrSvmrqufoG,fbl;? zdefzdefuawmh uRefawmfNyefowd&vmawmh
aysmufNcif;rvSaysmufaew,f? 'gaMumifhvnf; OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufwdkY[m aNrmufckefckefvufcsufaMumifh
aoqkH;oGm;MuNyD; zdefzdefudkawmh aNrmufckefckefu zrf;ac:oGm;&r,fvdkY uRefawmfxifrdwmaygh? 'DvdktNyif
wNcm;NzpfEdkifp&m bmtaMumif;rsm; &Sdao;vdkYvJ}}
]]aNrmufckefckef[m 0rf;tifarmufudk tEdkif,ltaoowfzdkY odyfrvG,fygbl;}}
,efavmufqefu pOf;pm;&if;aNymonf/
]][m ... b,f v d k a NymwmvJ ? aNrmuf c k e f c k e f & J U od k i f ; ynmod y f t pG r f ; xuf N ruf w mud k uRef a wmf
udk,fawGUMuKHcJh&wmyJ}}
]]rif;aNymoavmufvnf; r[kwfao;ygbl;? aNrmufckefckef[m &kyfaNymif;&kyfvGJrSm odyfawmfwmrSefayr,fh
odkif;ynmuawmh xdyfwef;tqifhra&mufao;ygbl;}}
]]'gqd k & if ol e J Y u Ref a wmf &if q d k i f w d k u f c k d u f M uawmh uRef a wmf u bmaMumif h ol U ud k r ,S O f E d k i f b J
tNywftowf&IH;cJh&wmvJ}}
]]'D a r;cG e f ; rsKd ; ar;xk d u f y gw,f ? aNrmuf c k e f c k e f [ m od k i f ; avmutawG U tMuKH
rif;xuftrsm;MuD;omvGew f maMumifh y&d,m,fo;Hk wJah e&mrSmvnf; omoGm;wmaygh? olu &kyaf Nymif;&kyv f aJG umif;awmh
rif;udk pdwfacsmufcsm;atmif vkyfEdkifw,f? NyD;awmhrS rif;udk &ifqdkifwdkufckdufw,f? pdwfodyfvIyf&Sm;aewJh rif;taeeJY
olUudkr,SOfEdkifwm rqef;ygbl;? olqifxm;wJh y&d,m,fqifuGufxJudk rif;u yufyif;wdk;rdwmaMumifh tMuD;tus,f
ta&;edrchf &hJ wmvdYk qd&k r,f? 0rf;tifarmufuawmh rif;vdk tawGUtMuKHenf;wJh vl&, G af v;wpfa,muf r[kwb f ;l av}}
þpum;udkMum;&aomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfav;tm;wufvmonf/
]][if ... 'gqdk&if OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufeJY zdefzdefwdkY bmrSrNzpfMubl;aygh}}
,efavmufqefu oufNyif;wpfcsufcsvdkufum ...
]]0rf;tifarmufuawmh bmrSrNzpfEdkifygbl;? 'gayr,fh [kd ... rif;aNymwJhrdef;uav; zdefzdefuawmh
odyfoufomr,frxifbl;? zdefzdefudkawmh aNrmufckefckefu zrf;ac:oGm;NyD; trsKd;rsKd;n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrSm trSefyJ}}
þpum;ukdaNym&if; ,efavmufqef\toHrSm wNznf;Nznf; wkef,ifívmonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f r S m rl ,ef a vmuf q ef a NymMum;onf w d k Y ud k em;axmif & if ; pd w f x m;rsm;
Edk;Mum;aNymif;vJvmaomaMumifh ,efavmufqef\pum;oH wkef,ifaerIudk owdrxm;cJhrday/

273
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNrmufckefckefudk ta&;edrfhcJhNyD;aemuf twGif;tm;rsm;vnf; pkpnf;tokH;csír&?
0rf;tifarmufwdkY aoqkH;oGm;NyD[kvnf;xifum pdwf"mwfysufNym;NyD; bmvkyf&rSef;rodawmhbJ idkarqef;awmifodkY
vmcJhrdonf/
,ck ,efavmufqef\pum;rsm;u olUpdwfudkwrsKd;wzkH aNymif;vJvmcJhaponf/
0rf;tifarmuf aoqkH;Ncif;r&Sdao;[k od&onfESifh &SD;xifcsdwftm;wufvmonf/ 0rf;tifarmufom
raoqk;H ao;vQif e*g;euf*P kd ;f vufoYdk usa&mufomG ;aom ,efzed zf ed u f kd u,fwifa&;twGuf wenf;r[kww f enf;
MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrnfom Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ql;MuLNrdKUodkY NyefoGm;vdkpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;ay:vmonf/
]]igwkdY ql;MuLNrdKUudk wpfacgufoGm;NyD; taNctaeudk pkHprf;tuJcwfMunfhMu&if aumif;r,fxifw,f}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f u ql ; MuLNrd K Uok d Y oG m ;rnf h t aMumif ; aNymMum;rnf M uH q J r S m yif ,ef a vmuf q ef u
pum;qdkvmonfhtwGuf tcefYoifhNzpfoGm;\/
]]tbu rdpämraemokdif;usrf;taMumif;udk pkHprf;rvdkYqdk}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqeftay: tNrifaNymif;vmcJhNyDNzpfaomaMumifh tac:ta0:udkvnf;
aNymif;vkdufonf/
]]ql;MuLNrdKUudk t&ifoGm;NyD;rS rdpämraemodkif;usrf;taMumif;udk pkHprf;r,fqdkvnf; &ygao;w,f}}
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf ql ; MuLNrd K Uok d Y oG m ;&ef rd r d x uf y if pd w f t m;xuf o ef a eouJ h o vd k v d k
&DS;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/ okdYaomf oludk,fwdkifuvnf; ql;MuLNrdKUodkY tvGefoGm;vdkaeNyDNzpfaomaMumifh
taxGtxl; aNymraeawmhay/
]]'Duae wpfrdkifavmufta0;rSm &GmMuD;wpf&Gm&Sdw,f? tJ'D&GmrSm taNy;oefwJh Nrif;aumif;awG&Edkifw,f?
Nrif;ESpfaumif0,fNyD; oGm;Muwmaygh? 'grS c&D;wGifEdkifr,f}}
,efavmufqefu qufaNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu bmrQraNymbJ acgif;ndwfNyvdkufonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf axG&mav;yg; pum;aNymqdk&if; qufvufavQmufvSrf;vmonf/
rMumrDrSmyif rdk;pifpifvif;vmonf/
eHeufapmapm aea&mifNcnfEkEkrsm;ay:xGufp idkarqef;awmif\ a&aNrobm0rSm om,mpkdNynfvSonf/
awmawmifrsm;wGif NrLcdk;rsm; qdkif;aeonf/ NrLcdk;rsm;tMum;rS xdk;usaeaom aeNcnfwef;rsm;u wrsKd;wzkHyif
tNrifqef;um vSyaeonf/
wokefokefwdkufcwfaeaom avNynfav;uvnf; vwfqwfvSonf/
odkYaomf ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwkdYrSmrl vSyaomywf0ef;usif? oefYpifaomavNynf? awmufyaom
aea&mifNcnfwdkYudk *&krNyKEdkif/
olwdkYESpfa,mufvkH;\pdwfrsm;onf ql;MuLNrdKUodkYom a&muf&SdaeMuonf/
ql;MuLNrdKUokdY tNrefqkH;a&mufcsifaeMuonf/
,efzdefzdefwdkY rnfokdUNzpfysufonfudk aoaocsmcsmod&atmif pkHprf;vdkMuonf/
NzpfEdkifrnfqdkvQif e*g;euf*dkPf;vufxJodkY usa&mufaeaom ,efzdefzdefudk u,fwifay;vkdMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf idkarqef;awmifaNc&Sd &GmMuD;wpf&GmrS Nrif;ESpfaumif0,f,lum ql;MuL;NrdKUodkY
c&D;Nyif;ESifvmcJhMuonf/ ,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfxufyifydkí pdk;&drfpdwfMuD;rm;aeonf/ ql;MuLNrdKUodkYvnf;
tNrefqkH;a&mufvdkaeonf/
,efavmufqefwpfa,muf ql;MuLNrdKUodkY a&mufvdkpdwf Nyif;NyvSykHudk &SD;xifcsdwfyif tuJcwfrdonf/
odkYaomf rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh þrQavmufpkd;&drfAsmrsm;ae&onf qdkNcif;udkrl rpOf;pm;Edkifay/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf twG i f ; tm;pk p nf ; Ncif ; rNyKEd k i f b J tif t m;,k w f a vsmh a eay&m c&D ; ES i f & mwG i f
tvGefyifyef;vSonf/ odkYaomf ,efzdefzdeftwGuf pkd;&drfrINyif;NyaeoNzifh yifyef;onfudk tav;rxm;bJ
,efavmufqefESifh wef;wlyif c&D;Nyif;ESifaeonf/

274
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefonf yifyef;aevifhupm; wpkHw&m nnf;nLNcif;rNyK? pdwf"mwfusNcif;vnf;r&SdbJ
c&D;Nyif;ESifEdkifaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk tHhMocsD;rGrf;rdonf/
]]wu,fhaumifav;yJ? olUtaNctae[m tem;,lNyD; aq;0g;ukoae&r,fh taNctaersKd;Nzpfaeayr,fh
c&D;Nyif;ESifaeEdkifw,f? ighxufawmifrS ydkNyD;tyifyef;cHEdkifao;w,f? ZGJvkHYvrSmawmh &SmrS&Sm;wJh oli,fyJ}}
,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGif &SD;xifcsdwftay: txifMuD;pdwf? cifrifpdwfrsm; ydkrdkNzpfay:vmonf/
c&D;Nyif;ESiv f mcJ&h m aemufq;Hk wGif ql;MuLNrdKUNyif&dS avGurG ;f bke;f awmfMuD;ausmif;teD;okYd a&muf&v dS mMuonf/
ZGJvkHYv0D&d,onf t&m&mudk atmifNrifaygufa&mufEdkifonfh aq;wyg;Nzpfonf r[kwfygvm;/
avG u G r f ;bk e f ;awmf M uD ;ausmif ;teD ;od k Y a &muf v Qif c&D ;Nyif ;ES if v m&onf h t wG u f ol w d k Y pD ;aeaom
Nrif;ESpfaumifrSm ESmrIwfoHrsm;Nyif;vsuf arm[kdufEGrf;e,faeMuNyD Nzpfonf/
,efavmufqefrSmom twGif;tm;aumif;aom tqifhNrifhodkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf NzpfonfhtwGuf
c&D;yef;aomfvnf; vlrEGrf;ao;bJ xlxlaxmifaxmif &Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmrl qdkzG,fr&Sdawmh/
wpfukd,fvkH; a&csKd;xm;ovdk acR;rsm;&TJvsuf touf&SLvnf;rrSefbJ a[m[Ja[m[J Nzpfaeonf/
Nrif;ukef;ESD;xufwGif rwfrwfyif rxdkifEdkif/ Nrif;vnfyif;udkzufwG,fum tm;NyKxm;&onf/
]]tJ ... tJ'g avGuGrf; ... bkef;awmfMuD; ... ausmif;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf armoHMuD;ESifh txpfxpftaighaigh aNymonf/
,efavmufqefu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; &SD;xifcsdwf\ausmNyif&Sd ]csDxdkifaoG;aMumuGuf} ae&mudk vuf0g;Nzifh
tomzduyfum twGif;tm;pdkufxkwfí zdESdyfay;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqef\ ESdyfe,fNyKpkay;rIaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyiftarmtyef;aNyum &Tifvef;vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk ESdyfe,fay;NyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefonf avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;bufodkY
tuJcwfovdkMunfhaeonf/
csKH E G , f y d w f a ygif ; rsm; xl x yf z k H ; vT r f ; aeaom avG u G r f ; bk e f ; awmf M uD ; ausmif ; buf o k d Y
tuJcwfovdkMunfhaeonf/
csKHEG,fydwfaygif;rsm; xlxyfzkH;vTrf;aeaom avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;onf vloluif;rJhonfh
wpNyifae&mwpfckvdk Nidrfoufaeonf/
okdYaomf tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufvSaom ,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGifrl xl;Ncm;csufrsm;udk odNrifaeonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdY ausmif;0if;xJudk 0ifMurvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk ar;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqefu acgif;cg,rf;Nyum ...
]]'Dausmif;udk ighpdwfxJrSm tawmfoHo, Nzpfrdw,f}}
,efavmufqef\pum;aMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyifthHtm;oifhoGm;onf/
]][if ... tbu bmudk qdkvdkwmvJ}}
]]'Dae&mu r&dk;bl;? vm ... a[m[kd csKHykwfxJrSm tom0ifcdkem;&if; rif;udk&Sif;Nyr,f}}
,efavmufqefonf Nrif;ESpfaumifudk rsufuG,faumif;aom opfyifrsm;tMum;wGif tom0Sufum
csnfaESmifxm;vdkufNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudkac:í csKHykwfMuD;wpfckxJokdY wdk;0ifvmcJhonf/
xd k c sKH y k w f M uD ; onf td r f i ,f w pf v k H ; pmrQyif MuD ; onf / tNyif b uf w G i f opf y if E G , f y if r sm;ES i f h
ydwfzkH;aeaomfvnf; twGif;bufydkif;wGifawmh tawmfav; &Sif;vif;onf/ xdkokdY&Sif;vif;aeonfhae&monf
vlESpfa,muf aumif;pGmxdkifEdkifatmif us,f0ef;onf/
xdkae&mwGif 0ifxkdifMuNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk &Sif;Nyonf/
]]0rf;tifarmufwdkYu rif;wdkUudk vmqufoG,fr,fqdkNyD; bmtquftoG,frS rvkyfcJhbl; r[kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f}}

275
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]0rf ; tif a rmuf [ m tqif h N rif h o d k i f ; ynm&S i f w pf a ,muf y J ? tawG U tMuKH v nf ; trsm;MuD ; &S d w ,f ?
rsufpduef;aew,fqdkayr,fh olUtpGrf;tpuawmh avsmhyg;roGm;Edkifygbl;? NyD;awmh usifudk;vnf; &Sdao;w,f?
usifudk;[m tuif;yg;w,f? Nzwfxdk;ÓPfaumif;w,f? aNrmufckefckeftaMumif;udk 0rf;tifarmufaum usifudk;yg
aumif;aumif;odxm;w,f? rif;udk vSnfhpm;tEdkif,lcJhovdk 0rf;tifarmufwdkYudkawmh aNrmufckefckef vSnfhpm;EdkifzkdY
rvG,fvSbl;}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if olwdkYESpfa,mufu bmaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYudk vmrqufoG,fMuwmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefvSefar;cGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f ... tJ'Dtcsufuawmh tawmfhudkxl;Ncm;w,f? rif;wdkYESpfa,muf[m &efolUaxmifacsmufxJudk
wdk;0ifrdaeNyD? &efolUtiftm;uvnf; odyfMuD;rm;wmudk 0rf;tifarmufwdkY odoGm;vdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifh toma&SmifNyD;
aecJhMuwmNzpfvdrfhr,f}}
]]tif; ... NzpfEdkifygw,f}}
tawG U tMuKH E k e ,f r I \ [muG u f a ysmh u G u f r sm;ud k &S D ; xif c sd w f e m;vnf v monf / ol o nf
udk,fwkdifawGUMuKHcJh&olNzpfaomfvnf; þtaMumif;rsm;udk rawG;rdcJhay/
,efavmufqefrSmrll tawGUtMuHK&ifhusufolwpfa,muf NzpfonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf NyefaNymNyonfrsm;udk
em;axmifNyD; NzpfEdkifonfh taMumif;rsm;udk awG;qEdkifcJhonf/
,efavmufqef\ tawGUtMuKHrsm;ESihf pOf;pm;awG;qEdik rf w I Ykd ukd &S;D xifcsdwpf w d x f rJ S usdwu f m csD;rGr;f rdonf/
]]igh p d w f x if a Nym&&if a[m'D a vG u G r f ; bk e f ; awmf M uD ; ausmif ; [m e*g;euf * d k P f ; &J U tck d i f t rm
vQKdU0Sufpcef;ae&mwpfck NzpfEdkifw,f? uJ ... igwdkY ausmif;0if;xJudk wdwfwdwfav;0ifNyD; taNctae
apmifhMunfhMu&atmif}}
]]uRefawmf twGif;tm;udkrS rpkpnf;Edkifwm? txJudk wdwfwdwf0ifvdkY NzpfEdkifyghrvm;}}
]]rylygeJY? rif;udk igwGJac:oGm;yghr,f}}
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwf\vufwpfzufudk qGJac:um avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;xJokdY
wdwfwqdwf 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
,efavmufqef\ udk,fazmhynmrSm wu,fyif tqifhNrifhvSonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqefqGJac:oGm;&maemufokdY avta0SUwGif vGifharsmoGm;onfh a&mf&Guf0gav;vdk
yg&SdoGm;onf/
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf &S D ; xif c sd w f E S i f h ,ef z d e f z d e f w d k Y wnf ; cd k a exd k i f c J h & m Z&yf b uf o k d Y r oG m ;bJ
yifrausmif;aqmifMuD;&Sd&mokdYom vmcJhonf/
]],efavmufqef&UJ ud, k af zmhynmu wu,faumif;wmyJ? ighuw kd aJG c:vmwmawmifrS t&Sed t f [kef rysub f ;l ?
olu bmaMumifh 'Dyifrausmif;aqmifbufudk vm&wmvJ? taMumif;awmh&SdrSmayghav}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf/
,efavmufqefonf yifrausmif;aqmifxJodkY 0ifa&muf&mwGif t0iftxGufwHcg;aygufrS r0ifbJ
acgifrdk;ay:rSwqifh 0ifa&mufum &e,fwdkifay:wGifykef;atmif;NyD; taNctaeudk tuJcwfMunfhMuNcif;Nzpfonf/
&e,fwdkifay:wGif xdkifrdMuonfESifh yifrausmif;aqmif\ wpfckaomtcef;xJrS qJqdkMudrf;armif;aeonfh
toHrsm;udk Mum;Mu&onf/
]]tvum; tok H ; ruswJ h a umif a wG ? pm;zd k Y td y f z d k Y pnf ; pd r f c H z d k Y y J em;vnf M uw,f ? rd e f ; uav;
wpfa,mufudkawmifrS MuyfMuyfrwfrwf apmifhrxdef;xm;EdkifMubl;? awmuf ... igvkyfvkduf&&if tm;vkH;
aoukefawmhr,f}}
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k q G J a c:um xd k t oH a y:xG u f v m&m tcef ; \tay:buf & S d
&e,fwdkifbufokdY ul;vmcJhonf/
txufpD;rSNzpfaomaMumifh tcef;xJ&Sd NrifuGif;udk aumif;pGmNrif&onf/
ausmif;apmifhtbkd;MuD;onf rmefwif;wif;ESifh xdkifckHwpfckwGifxdkifum olUa&SUwGif rsufESmi,fav;ESifh
&yfaeMuolokH;a,mufudk qlylMudrf;armif;íaeonfudk awGU&onf/
276
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tvdk ... ausmif;apmifhtbdk;MuD;u vlokH;a,mufudk Mudrf;armif;aeygvm;? iguawmholUudk &dk;&dk;tt
tbdk;MuD;wpfa,muf xifcJhwm? vufpowfawmh olu e*g;euf*dkPf;&JU acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufudk;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif wtHhwMoav;NzpfoGm;rdonf/
wqufwnf;rSmyif rdrdvluJcwf nHhzsif;cJhrdonfudk owd&um udk,fhudkudk,f rausrcsrf; Nzpfrdawmhonf/
q&mcsefwdwf&,f uRefawmfwdkYvnf; twwfEdkifqkH; apmifhMuyfMuygw,fcifAsm? 'gayr,fh rdef;uav;udk
u,fxkwfoGm;wm odyfudkyd&daooyfwmaMumifh uRefawmfwdkYvnf; b,fvkdrS rodvkdufMu&ygbl;}}
tMudrf;armif;cHae&ol okH;a,mufteufrS t&yfNrifhNrifhESifhvlu avaysmhav;Nzifh toem;cHaNymMum;onf/
þpum;rsm;udkem;axmif&if; zdefzdefudk 0rf;tifarmufwdkUu u,fwifoGm;MuNcif;NzpfaMumif; pOf;pm;um
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif0rf;omrdonf/
,efavmufqef\rsufESmrS pdk;&drfylyefonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm;vnf; tawmfyif avsmhyg;oGm;onf/
ausmif ; apmif h t bd k ; MuD ; tNzpf ta,mif a qmif c J h a om csef w d w f o nf xd k i f a e&mrS 0 k e f ; ceJ x &yf u m
t&yfNrifhNrifhvl\yg;udk b,fNyefnmNyef &dkufypfvkdufonf/
]]bm ... rodvkdufbl; [kwfvm;? aNymykHuawmh [kwfayhuGm? rodvkdufbl;wJh? 'Dvdk rodvdkufbl;vdkY aNymwmeJY
NyD;wrf;vm;}}
csefwdwfonf a'gowMuD;aNymqdkMudrf;armif;&if; usefvlESpfa,mufudkyg qufvuf&dkufESufNyefonf/
xd k v l o k H ; a,muf w d k Y onf csef w d w f & k d u f E S u f o rQ Nid r f c H M u&onf / atmf [ pf n nf ; nLNcif ; ?
a&Smifwdrf;Ncif;rNyK&JMu/
yg;&dkufcH&onfhtwGuf EIwfcrf;axmifhrS ,dkpD;usvmaom aoG;rsm;udkyif okwfypfNcif;rNyK&JMuay/
]]awmuf ... tokH;rusvkdufwJhaumifawG? igowfypf&if okH;avmif;NydKifaooGm;awmhr,f/ oGm;Mu ...
oGm;Mu? aumifrav;udk awGUatmifNyef&SmMu? &SmvdkYrawGU&ifawmh rif;wdkYaozdkYom Nyifxm;Mu}}
xdkvlokH;a,mufonf csefwdwfudk t&dktaoay;NyD; tcef;tNyifokdY cyfokwfokwfxGufcGmoGm;Muonf/
]]vufpowfawmh tb,efavmufqefawG;ovdk Nzpfaeyga&mvm;? 'Dae&m[m e*g;euf*dkPf;&JU
vQKdU0Sufpcef;udk;? 'gaMumifhvnf; NrdKUxJuvlawG t0iftxGuf uif;rJhaewmyJ? iguvnf; 'Dae&mrsKd;rS a&G;cs,fNyD;
0if w nf ; cd k r d w ,f ? igh u d k taorowf b J touf & S i f v suf 'D a usmif ; xJ u Nyef v T w f a y;vd k u f w mud k y J
aus;Zl;wif&rvdkNzpfaeNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif awG;rdonf/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf &e,fwdkifay:wGifxdkifum qufvufí apmifhMunfhaeMuonf/
rMumrDrSmyif taxmufawmf[kxif&aom vlwpfa,muf csefwdwf&Sd&m tcef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufvmNyefonf/
]]bmowif;xl;vJa[h? NrefNrefaNymprf;}}
csefwdwfu qD;íar;onf/
]]owif;uawmh tawmfudk xl;ygw,f q&mcsefwdwf}}
taxmufawmfESifhwlolu NyefaNymonf/
]]xl;w,fqdk&ifvnf; aNymavuGm? pum;yv’ifawGbmawGcHNyD; avaMum&Snfraeprf;ygeJY}}
csefwdwfu pdwfr&Snf[efNzifh aNymonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y uvnf ; xd k t axmuf a wmf a Nymrnf h owif ; pum;ud k
tomyifem;axmifaeMuonf/
]]idkarqef;awmifaNcrSm uRefawmfwdkY *dkPf;om;ESpfa,muf tqdyftyftxdcH&NyD; aoqkH;aewm awGU&ygw,f?
tJ'D *dkPf;om;ESpfa,muf[m [kdaumifav; &SD;xifcsdwfaemufudk aemufa,mifcHvdkufoGm;MuwJh vlawGygyJ}}
þpum;udkMum;&onfhtcgwGifrS rdrdudkNyefvTwfay;vdkufNcif;onf MudK;&Snf&SnfESifhvSefxm;onfh
oabmrsKd;NzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnf&avawmhonf/
od k Y aomf rd r d a emuf o d k Y aemuf a ,mif c H u m vd k u f v mMuonf h e*g;euf * d k P f ; om;ES p f a ,muf
rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh aoqkH;oGm;&aMumif;udkrl rpOf;pm;wwfcJhay/
]]'DaumifESpfaumif bmaMumifhaoukefMu&wmvJ}}
277
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csefwdwfuvnf; taxmufawmfudk thHMo[efNzifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]uif;NrD;aumuftqdyftyf txdcH&NyD; tqdyfoifhaoqkH;cJh&wmyg}}
]]awmuf ... 'gqdk&if vdefqD&JUvufcsufaygh? oif;awmhvm;? igwdkYe*g;euf*dkPf;taMumif; aumif;aumif;
od&aphr,f? uJ ... rif;oGm;EdkifNyD}}
csew f w d o
f nf a'gowMuD; Mudr;f 0g;aNymqdak e&mrS taxmufawmfuv kd nf; xGuo f mG ;&ef trdeYf ay;vdu k o f nf/
wu,f a wmh vd e f q D E S i f h t Ncm;e*g;*d k P f ; om;tcsKd U vnf ; aoqk H ; aeaMumif ; ud k owif ; ay;p&m
usefaeao;onf/
odkYaomf csefwdwfwpfa,muf a'gowMuD;NzpfaecsdefwGif rdrdukdyg a'gorD;ul;pufvmrnfpkd;aomaMumifh
taxmufawmfvkyfolonf bmrQqufraNymawmhbJ t&dktaoay;um xGufcGmoGm;onf/
csefwdwfonf olUvlrsm;udkac:,lum vdefqDudk&SmazGwdkufckduf&ef trdefYay;apvTwfaeonfudk &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY
Nrif&Nyefonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y o nf xrif ; wpf t k d ; usuf c ef U Mumatmif acsmif ; aNrmif ; Munf h & I
em;axmifaeMuNyD;aemuf ausmif;y&0kPftNyifbufodkY NyefxGufvmcJhMuonf/
]]uJ ... igaNymwJhtwdkif; r[kwfbl;vm;? zdefzdefudk 0rf;tifarmufwdkYu 0ifu,fxkwfoGm;MuNyDav}}
Nrif;rsm;0Sufxm;onfhae&modkYa&mufvQif ,efavmufqefu MunfEl;aysmf&TifpGm aNymonf/
,efzdefzdefvGwfaNrmufoGm;aMumif; owif;Mum;&onfhtwGuf ,efavmufqef\ 0rf;omaysmf&TifaeykHrSm
odomxif&Sm;vSayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmvnf; olYenf;wlyif 0rf;omrdonf/
]]tbu tawG U tMuKH M uG , f 0 wJ h v l q d k a wmh cef Y rS e f ; awG ; Munf h v d k u f & if 'uf c eJ r S e f a ewmyJ ?
OD ; OD ; 0rf ; tif a rmuf u vnf ; orm"d 0 rf ; tif a rmuf & ,f v d k Y tac:cH & avmuf a tmif u d k ol w yg;tusKd ;
vkyfaqmifay;cJhwmyJ? zdefzdef ab;uif;&efuif; vGwfaNrmufoGm;wm od&vkdU uRefawmfodyfudk 0rf;omrdygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ 0rf;om&Tifvef;aeaom trlt&mudkMunfhum ,efavmufqefpdwfxJwGif ...
]]'D &SD;xifcsdwfqdkwJh aumifav;[m toufi,f&G,fayr,fh pdwfxm;uawmh rGefNrwfwnfMunfvdkufwm
tvGefygyJ? tckvnf; Munfhav? olUtwGif;tm;awG ysufpD;aewmudk *&krpdkufbJ olwyg;twGufawG;NyD;
0rf ; omaew,f ? NyD ; awmh vk d c sif w yf r uf w J h avmbvnf ; r&S d b l ; ? rd p ä m raemod k i f ; usrf ; taMumif ;
wpGef;wpaNymwmawmifrS pdwfr0ifpm;bl;? olUt&G,fwkef;uqdk&if ig[m avmb a'go rmefrmeawG
vQr;f vQr;f awmufcw hJ ,f? tck touft&G,t f xd odik ;f ynmxl;cRex f ufNrufcsiw f hJ avmbaZmu raysmufEikd af o;bl;?
'Daumifav;[m wu,fh vlcRefvlrGefav;yJ}}
þodkYawG;um &SD;xifcsdwftay:wGif ydkíyif cifrifav;pm;pdwfrsm; ay:vmonf/
]]e*g;euf*dkPf;&JUvufu zdefzdefvGwfaNrmufoGm;NyDqdkawmh olUtwGuf pdk;&drfylyefaep&m rvdkawmhbl;?
0rf;tifarmufu zdefzdefudk ab;&efuif;atmif apmifha&Smufay;xm;rSmyJ? 'gaMumifh rif;&JUtwGif;tm;awG
tzsufqD;cHxm;&wm ykHrSeftwkdif;NyefNzpfzkdY twGuf ukoay;Edkifr,fh aq;q&mudk vdkuf&SmMu&OD;r,f? uJ ... vm
oGm;MupkdY}}
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf Nrif;udk,fpDpD;um avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;rS ausmcdkif;vsuf
xGufcGmvmcJhMuonf/
]]'Dr,f armif&ifav; ... ig[m 'Dtouft&G,ftxd wudk,faumif;qefqefyJ? udk,fhtusKd;udkomMunfhNyD;
vkyfaqmifcJhw,f? avmurSm pdwfapwemoefYoefYeJY olwyg;tusKd; o,fydk;aqmif&Gufay;cJhwJhvl &Sdr,fvdkYvnf;
rxifcJhbl;? tckawmh ightxifawG rSm;rSef; igod&NyD? rif;udka&m 0rf;tifarmufudka&m igodyfaus;Zl;wifwmyJ}}
Nrif;ESpfaumif ab;csif;,SOfum pD;vmMu&if; ,efavmufqefu wnfMunfav;eufpGm aNymvdkufonf/
]]tbvdk odik ;f ynmxl;cRefxufNrufwhJ vlwpfa,muftaeeJY 'Dvpkd w d x f m;rsKd;&Sw
d wfygw,f? 'geJY uRefawmfeUJ
OD;OD;0rf;tifarmufudk bmaMumifh aus;Zl;wifae&wmvJ}}
]]rif;udk trSeftwkdif;yJ aNymawmhr,f? rif;eJY 0rf;tifarmufwdkYu udk,fusKd;rMunfhbJ apwemeJY
ulnDapmifha&Smufay;cJhMuwJh ,efzdefzdefqdkwm ighorD;yJ}}
278
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]Asm}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tvGefyif thHtm;oifhoGm;&onf/
,efzdefzdefvdk tom;ta& 0if;tdEkrGwfum &kyf&nfacsmarmvSyaom rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ zcifonf
,efavmufqefvdk pkwfcRef;cRef;&Sdol Nzpfvdrfhrnf[k rxifcJhay/
]]'D v l M uD ; u zd e f z d e f & J U tazwJ h v m;? tif ; ... ol u k d , f w k d i f yg;pyf u xk w f a NymwmMum;&vd k U om
em;axmifvdkuf&w,f? ,kH&cufcufyJ? zdefzdefu ewforD;av;vkd vSw,f? 'DvlMuD;uawmh vlwydkif; arsmufwydkif;
vdkYawmif aNym&r,fh&kyf&nfrsKd;}}
,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwftawG;udk tuJcwfrd[efNzifh ...
]]bmvJ ... rif;u r,kHvdkYvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif tm;wkHYtm;em NzpfoGm;&onf/
]][kwf ... [kwfygw,f? pdwfvnf;r&SdygeJY? [kdav ...}}
vdrfvnf;rvdrfwwf? trSeftwdkif;aNym&efvnf; tm;emonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf pum;txpfxpftaighaigh
Nzpfaeonf/
]]aMuG&kyfav;vdk vSyacsmarmwJh zdefzdef&JUzcif[m ighvdkt&kyfqdk; tusnf;wefwJh vlwpfa,mufqdkwm
,Hk&cufcufyJudk;? rif; r,kHEdkifatmifNzpfaewm rqef;ygbl;av}}
,efavmufqef\toHu aNymae&if;rS wdk;vsoGm;ovdk rsufESmrSm ndSK;usoGm;onf/
rdrd\ t&kyfqdk;aerItwGufvnf; tm;i,fpdwfrsm; udef;atmif;ae[ef wlonf/
]][if;}}
,efavmufqefonf oufNyif;armwpfcsufcsvdkufonf/ usOf;usyfcsKyfwnf;xm;&aom pdwfudk
aNzavQmhvdkufonfh oufNyif;avylyifwnf;/
&S;D xifcsdwf aNymonfph um;rsKd;udk wNcm;wpfa,mufa,mufuom aNymMum;vmygvQif a'gotd;k aygufuu JG m
xdkoludk wdkufcdkufokwfoifypfrdrnf Nzpfonf/
okdYaomf &DS;xifcsdwf\ aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfaom pdwfxm;ESifh olwyg;tay: apwemoefYoefYNzifh
ulnDwwfykHudk udk,fawGUod&Sdxm;NyDrdkY ,efavmufqef a'gorxGufcJhay/
rdrd\b0taMumif;udkom NyefawG;rdNyD; tm;i,fpdwfrsm; ay:aygufvmcJhonf/
]]at;av ... tcgtcGifhMuKH&if ighb0ZmwfaMumif; rif;udk tukeftpifaNymNyyghr,f}}
,ef a vmuf q ef pd w f x d c d k u f o G m ;aMumif ; em;vnf o nf h &S D ; xif c sd w f u pum;vrf ; aMumif ;
aNymif;ay;vdkufonf/
]]tbeJY aNrmufckefckefu odkif;avmurSm vlxl;vlqef;ESpfa,muftNzpf ausmfMum;aecJhMuNyD; bmaMumifhrsm;
rdwfaqG taygif;toif; rNzpfMuwmvJ}}
]]oleJYigu emrnftwlwGJNyD; ausmfMum;aewmqdkawmh oli,fcsif; taygif;toif;awG&,fvdkY xifr,fqdk
xifp&mygyJ? 'gayr,fh pdwfaepdwfxm;csif;u qDeJYa&vdkuGmNcm;ygw,f? aNrmufckefckefu aiGrsufESmwpfckudkyJ
Munfw h wfw,f? olUpdwMf udKuf aiGaMu;&r,fq&kd if b,focl idk ;f ckid ;f vkyw f myJ? aiGaMu;ypön;f Opömudk odyrf ufarmw,f?
tJ'Dvkdvlpm;rsKd;[m igeJYb,fvdkvkyfNyD; oli,fcsif; taygif;toif; NzpfEdkifrSmvJ}}
]]tbuawmh bmudk t"duxm;ovJ? odEdkifr,fqdk&if odyg&ap}]
]]iguvlwrsKd;uG? aiGwdkYypönf;OpömwdkUudk tav;teuf odyfrxm;wwfbl;? ighpdwfxJrSm vkyfcsifwmudkawmh
ZGwfudkvkyf&rS auseyfwwfw,f? tJ'Dvdk ZGwfvkyfwJhtcg bmaMumif;awGudkrS raxmufxm;bl;? 'gaMumifhvnf;
ighudkcifrifwJh rdwfaqGaumif; r&Sdbl;? tJ ... &efoluawmh trsm;MuD;ayghuGm}}
,efavmufqefonf okdif;avmu\ e,fy,ftrsKd;rsKd;wdkUwGif ESHYpyfusifvnfolwpfa,mufNzpf&m
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf; tckd;cH&rIESifhywfoufNyD; tNzpfrSefudk odEdkifrnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf awG;rdonf/
olUrdcifonf xdkvQKdU0Sufypönf;tckd;cH&rItwGuf tpGyfpGJcHae&onfNzpf&m cdk;,lol vufonftrSefudk oltvGefyif
odvdkonf/

279
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
þudpEö Sifhywfoufí ,efavmufqeftm; ar;Munfhvdkonf/ odkYaomf xdkokdYar;Nref;MunfhNcif;Nzifh rdrdtay:
,efavmufqefu wrsKd;wrnfxifrSmudkvnf; pdk;&drfrdonf/
ar;oifhrar;oifh ,wdNywf rqkH;NzwfEdkifbJ csDwkHcswkHNzpfaeqJrSmyif cyfa0;a0;qDrS Nrif;pDorm;av;a,muf
Nrif;rsm;udk tNyif;pdkif;ESifvmaeMuonfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/
,efavmufqef\ rsufESmtrlt&mwrsKd;NzpfoGm;NyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudk tomrsuf&dyfNyum Nrif;udkvrf;ab;&Sd
opfyifcsKHEG,frsm; xlxyf&mbufodkY csKd;auGUqif;oGm;awmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm bmrQem;rvnfaomfvnf; ,efavmufqefu rsuf&dyfNyoGm;onfhtwGuf rdrd\Nrif;udkvnf;
vrf;ab;csKHEG,frsm;tMum;odkY csKd;auGUqif;vdkuf&onf/
xdkYaemuf vrf;ab;opfyifcsKHEG,frsm;tMum;wGif NidrfoufpGm ykef;atmif;um Nrif;pD;orm;av;a,mufwdkYudk
tuJcwf MunfhaeMuonf/
xdkNrif;pD;orm;av;a,mufwdkYonf olwdkYykef;atmif;aeonfh ta&SUbufrSNzwfum vrf;rMuD;twkdif;
Nrif;rsm;udk tNyif;pkdif;ESifoGm;Muonf/
xdkNrif;pD;orm;rsm; NzwfoGm;NyD;onfhtcgwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwfu atmifhtnf;rsKdodyfxm;&onfh ar;cGef;udk
xkwfar;vkdufonf/
]]tJ'D vlav;a,mufu b,folawGvJ[if? olwdkYu bmaMumifh 'Davmufawmif tvsifpvdk Nzpfae&wmvJ}}
,efavmufqefu csufcsif;taNzray;/
acwårQ ai;idkifpOf;pm;NyD;rS taNzay;onf/
]]a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu odkif;orm;awGyJ? pnf;urf;xdef;*dkPf;tkyf a0ckH;ukd,fwkdif acgif;aqmifvmwm?
olwdkY avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;bufodkY oGm;MuwmNzpfvdrfhr,f}}
]]olwdkYudkawGUwmeJY tbu bmaMumifh a&Smif&wmvJ? olwdkY oGm;MuwJhudpöu tbeJYqdkifaevdkYvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu awG;wdk;prf;onfhtaeNzifh ar;onf/
]]tif; ... igeJY ywfoufcsifywfoufEdkifw,f? uJ ... vmuGm? oGm;Mu&atmif}]
,efavmufqefu pum;rwifrusaNymNyD; Nrif;udk tomaNcwdkYum xGufoGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfvnf;
,efavmufqefaemufrS vdkufygoGm;&avawmh\/
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf vrf ; rMuD ; ay: Nyef r wuf a wmh a y/ opf y if c sKH E G , f r sm;tMum;wG i f
auGUauGUaumufaumuf wnf&Sdaeaom Nzwfvrf;[kxif&onfh vrf;usOf;av;twdkif;om Nrif;udkcyfNrefNref
pdkif;ESifoGm;aeonf/
]]'D v l M uD ; ud k M unf h & wm a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf u od k i f ; orm;awG e J Y rawG U &atmif ta&;wMuD ;
a&SmifxGufoGm;wJh ykHrsKd;yJ? oleJY a&Smifvifausmif;awmf[m b,fvdkrsm; ywfoufaevdkYvJ}}
,efavmufqef\ aemufrSvdkufvm&if; &SD;xifcsdwf trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmaerdonf/
,efavmufqefonf pum;yifrqdkbJ Nrif;udkom twGifESifaeonf/ rsufarSmifMuKwfxm;onfhtwGuf
tawmfyif pdwf&IyfaeykH&aMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf tuJcwfrdonf/
olonf ,efavmufqef\ab;okdYta&muf rdrdNrif;udk pdkif;ESifoGm;NyD; ...
]]a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu odkif;orm;awGudk awGUvkdufwmeJY tbu bmaMumifh a&SmifaNy;&wmvJ?
uRefawmfhudk today;Edkifr,fqdk&if aNymNyygvm;}}
wJhwkd;MuD;yif aumufumiifum ar;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqef oufNyif;&SnfMuD;wcsuf csvdkufum ...
]]aNym&&ifawmh Zmwfvrf;u t&SnfMuD;ygyJuGm? NrdKUNyifawmtkyfxJudka&mufrS at;at;aq;aq;
aNymNywmaygh}}
,efavmufqefonf Nrif;udkqufí pkdif;ESifoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; bmrQar;Nref;raeawmhbJ EIwfqdwfum vdkufygoGm;&avawmhonf/
awmtk y f t wG i f ; buf vl o l u if ; &S i f ; &mae&mwae&mod k Y a&muf a omtcg &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y E S p f a ,muf o nf
acwåtem;,lvdkufMuonf/
280
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
Nrif ; rsm;ud k teD ; &S d N ruf c if ; wG i f tomvS e f x m;NyD ; ol w d k Y ES p f a ,muf r S m rl rD ; yk H w pf c k N yKvk y f u m
toifhaqmifvmaom tom;aNcmufrsm;udk rD;zkwfpm;aomufMuonf/
pm;aomufNyD;aemuf tem;,l&if; ,efavmufqefu ol\b0ZmwfaMumif;udk aNymNyonf/ aNymNy&ef
tawmfyiftcsdef,lae&Smonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; pdwf&SnfpGmyif Nidrfapmifhaeonf/
tawmfMumatmif awGa0pOf;pm;aeNyD;rS ,efavmufqefu pum;ponf/
]]'DudpöawGudk b,folUudkrS zGifhraNymbl;vdkY igqkH;Nzwfxm;cJhw,f? 'gayr,fh rif;uawmh ighorD; zdefzdefudk
apwemoef Y oef Y eJ Y ul n D a pmif h a &S m uf a y;wJ h t Nyif igh u d k v nf ; ul n D c J h a o;w,f ? NyD ; awmh rif ; [m
pdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfwJh vlwpfa,mufvnf;Nzpfw,f? 'gaMumifh rif;udkawmh igaNymNyyghr,f}}
pum;udk acwå&yfvdkufonf/ pdwfcHpm;rIudk twif;csKd;ESdrf rsKdodyfxm;[efu ,efavmufqef\rsufESmwGif
txif;om; ay:vGifaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfurl bmrQ0ifraNymbJ qufvufaNymMum;vmrnfh pum;rsm;udkom pdwf&Snf&SnfESifh
apmifhvifhaeonf/
,efavmufqefonf olaNymqdkrnfh pum;vkH;wkdYudk awG;qqifNcif a&G;cs,fae[efwlonf/ trlt&mu
txl;yif av;eufwnfMunfaeonf/
]]tif; ... vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; ESpfq,fausmfausmfavmufu tNzpftysufawGyJayghuGm? igwdkY[m
rkq;kd awmifuek ;f qdw k ahJ e&mrSm aexdik Mf uwJh rkq;kd trsKd;tEG,f rdom;pkwpfpq k ykd gawmh? rdbbd;k bGm; tpOftqufupNyD;
rkqdk;ynmeJY trJvdkuftoufarG;0rf;ausmif;NyKcJhMuw,f? ighrSm ,efvefudefqdkwJh nDwpfa,muf&Sdw,f?
igwdkYnDtpfudk[m rd&dk;zvmrkqdk;tvkyfudk rvkyfcsifMubl;? odkif;ynmbufrSm 0goemygMuw,f? 'gaMumifhvnf;
q&maumif;&SmNyD; odkif;ynmMudK;pm;oifcJhMuw,f}}
]]'gaMumifh tbu odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfvm&wmudk;}}
]]at; ... odik ;f orm;wpfa,muf&,fvYkd awmh ac:Edik w f mayghav? 'gayr,fh igu wdu k cf ukd af &;okid ;f ynmawGrmS
odyfxufxufNrufNruf r&Sdygbl;? rkqdk;rdom;pku aygufzGm;vmcJhwmqdkawmh toGm;tvm aNcoHvkHw,f?
Nrefqefw,f? 0ifvrf;xGufvrf; em;vnfw,f? 'Dawmh udk,fazmhynmeJY apm&ynmrSm ydkxl;cRefcJhwmaygh? NyD;awmh
cE¨mudk,fudk aumif;aumif;MuD; auG;EdkifusKHUEdkifwmaMumifhvnf; t&kd;aysmh ,efavmufqef&,fvdkY emrnfwpfvkH;
&vmcJhw,fav}}
]][kwfuJh tbaNymr,fqdkwJhtaMumif;udk qufprf;ygOD;}}
]]waeYawmh igwdkYaewJh rkqdk;awmifukef;udk 'ku©onf rdef;uav;wpfa,muf a&mufvmw,f?
tJ'Drdef;uav;[m ighb0udk wrsKd;wzkHaNymif;vJ oGm;apcJhwmygyJ}}
,efavmufqef\rsufvkH;tdrfrsm; rIdif;rIdif;ndKUndKUNzpfvmMuonf/ twdwf\&dkufcwfrIa0'emaMumifh
tMunfh&qdk;aom rsufESmMuD;rSm ydkíyif &ifha&mfvm&onf/ oufNyif;wpfcsufudk cyfrQOf;rQOf;csvkdufNyD;rS
pum;Nyefqufonf/
]]tJ'Drdef;uav;udk ightazudk,fwdkif awmxJrSmawGUcJhwmyJ? aysmufoGm;wJh uav;i,fwpfa,mufudk
vdu
k &f mS aewmvdYk aNymw,f? igwdYk rkq;kd awmifuek ;f rSmaewJh rkq;kd MuD; vdaNymifqw kd v
hJ ul vnf; uav;i,fwpfa,muf
aumuf&xm;wmqdak wmh ightazu tJ'rD ed ;f uav;udk vdaNymifqaD c:oGm;w,f? vdaNymifaumuf&xm;wJh uav;[m
tJ ' D r d e f ; uav; vd k u f & S m aewJ h uav;awmh r [k w f b l ; ? tJ ' D r d e f ; uav;[mvnf ; tyif y ef ; cH & vG e f ; vd k Y
tm;enf ; aewmaMumif h vd a Nymif w d k Y td r f r S m yJ Munf h & I a pmif h a &S m uf ay;xm;cJ h w ,f ? ol U ud k N rif N rif c sif ; yJ
b,fb0ua&pufaMumifhvnf; rodbl;? ighpdwfxJrSm pGJpGJvrf;vrf;udk cspfoGm;rdw,f? 'gayr,fh igh&ifxJu cHpm;rIudk
xkwfraNym&JcJhbl;}}
]][if ... 'Dvdkqdk&if tJ'Drdef;uav;eJY tbeJYvGJcJh&wmaygh}}
,efavmufqefu acgif;udkcg,rf;Nyum ...
]][if h t if ; ... rvG J c J h y gbl ; ? igh n D ,ef v ef u d e f z ef w D ; ay;vd k Y tJ ' D r d e f ; uav;eJ Y igeJ Y twl w uG
aygif;zufEdkifcJhMuygw,f}}
281
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyif tawG;&cufoGm;onf/
,efavmufqef aNymqdak eonft h rlt&mrSm 0rf;om&Tiv f ef;Ncif;r&S/d aqG;Nrnfah MuuGo J nfh t&dyt f oGirf sm;yif
xif&Sm;ay:vGifaeonf/
rdrd\pdwfxJwGif ESpfoufpGJvef;aeolESifh vufxyfaygif;oif;&vQif 0rf;aNrmufaysmf&Tif&rnf r[kwfygvm;/
,ckrl xdkokdYr[kwf/
,efavmufqef\toGirf mS xdt k aMumif;udk NyefaNymif; aNymNy&onft h wGuf pdwx f cd u dk f 0rf;enf;aeyk&H onf/
þudpöwGif xl;Ncm;aom taMumif;wpfckck&Sd&rnf[k &SD;xifcsdwfawG;rdonf/
ok d Y & mwG i f bmrQMum;Nzwf ar;Nref ; Ncif ; rNyKbJ ,ef a vmuf q ef q uf a Nymrnf h pum;rsm;ud k o m
em;pdkufaxmifaeonf/
,efavmufqefu qufvufí ...
]]oleYJ ig vufxyfMuNyD; orD;av;wpfa,muf &cJw h ,f? orD;av;udak rG;NyD; rMumcifrmS yJ ighnD ,efvefued u f
ighudk ypönf;wpfck odrf;xm;ay;zdkY vmtyfw,f}}
]]bmypönf;rsm; vmtyfwmvJ tb&JU}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tvdkufoifhyif pum;axmufay;vdkufonf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;wpfckyJ? tpuawmh igvnf; tJ'Dypönf;[m b,fvdkvJqdkwmudk aoaocsmcsmawmif
ppf a q;rMunf h v d k u f y gbl ; ? nD t pf u d k t &if ; Nzpf w J h t Nyif igcspf N rwf E d k ; wJ h r d e f ; uav;ud k &Ed k i f a tmif
ulnDay;cJhwJhaus;Zl;uvnf; &SdNyefawmh olodrf;xm;ckdif;wJh ypönf;udk aoaocsmcsm odrf;xm;vdkufw,f? 'gayr,fh
aemufydkif;ighnDrSm tEÅ&m,ftrsKd;rsKd; &ifqdkifawGU&wmawGudk igMum;vmcJh&w,f? igvnf; ighnDtwGuf pdk;&drfaomu
a&mufcJh&wmayghuGm? at; ... aemufqkH;rSmawmh ighnD[m odyfudkqdk;&Gm;rdkufrJNyD; &ufpufMurf;MuKwfwJh
vl,kwfrmwpfa,mufNzpfaew,fqdkwmudkyg igodvm&awmhw,f}}
þpum;rsm;udk aNymMum;aeonft h csdew f iG f ,efavmufqef\toHonf wke, f ifaeonf/ rsufEmS wGiv f nf;
0rf;enf;rI? emMunf;rI? a'goNzpfrI t&dyfta,mifrsm;vnf; ,Sufoef;vmonf/
nDNzpfol ,efvefudefESifhywfoufí ,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGif emMunf;p&mrsm;? 0rf;enf;p&mrsm;?
a'goxGufp&mrsm; a&m,SufcHpm;ae&rSef; xif&Sm;odomEdkifayonf/
]]oltyfxm;wJh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm bmawGygovJqdkwm odcsifpdwfay:vmwmeJY igvnf;
zGifhMunfhvdkufrdw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;&onf/
xdk,Gef;bl;teufuav;xJwGif rnfokdYaomt&m0w¬KawGygonfqdkNcif;udk odvdkonfhpdwfuvnf;
Nyif;Nyvmonf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm bmawG ygovJ[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu odvdkpdwfESifh ar;vdkufonf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm tH0Sufwpfck&Sdw,f? tJ'DtH0Suf&JUtzkH;ay:rSmuawmh ]a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;?
tcGifhtrdefY&Sdolom zGifhMunfh&rnf} qdkwJhpmudk a&;xm;w,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\&if w'def;'def; ckefvm&onf/
]][m ... 'D v d k q d k & if tbnD v mtyf x m;wJ h ,G e f ; bl ; euf u av;xJ r S m a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf u
aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhwJh vQKdU0Sufypönf;&Sdaewmayghaemf? tJ'DvQKdU0Sufypönf;[m b,fvdkypönf;rsKd;vJ[if tb?
NzpfEdkifr,fqdk&if uRefawmfhudk aNymNyygvm;Asm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tm;wufoa&myif ar;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqefonf acgif;udk tomcg,rf;NyvkdufNyD; ...
]]bmypön;f rS rygygbl;uGm? tH0u S tf zk;H udzk iG Nhf yD; Munfv
h ukd af wmh tH0u S t
f xJrmS pmwpfapmifuykd J awGU&w,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyifthHMooGm;&onf/
xdk,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJwGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhonfh vQKdU0Sufypönf;&Sdrnf[k
wGufxm;rdonf/
282
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,ck ,efavmufqefaNymawmh pm&Gufwpf&GufyJ &SdygowJh/
xdkpm&GufonfyifvQif a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS aysmufqkH;oGm;aom vQKdU0Sufypönf;Nzpfavoavm/
xdkpm&Gufay:wGif rnfokdYaomta&;MuD;onfh taMumif;Ncif;&mrsm;udk a&;om;xm;ygoenf;/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdbaus;Zl;udk odwwfaom om;wpfa,muf Nzpfayonf/
rdcifMuD;ydkifpkusifudk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS vQKdU0Sufypönf;cdk;,loGm;onf[k pGyfpGJxm;csufudk
acszsufypfvdkonf/ rdrd\rdcifMuD;rSm tNypfuif;pifolwpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; odkif;avmuwGif txift&Sm;
odoGm;&avatmif Nyovdkufcsifonf/
'grSom rdbaus;Zl;qyf&ma&mufrnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf cH,lxm;onf/
xdkYNyif trSefw&m; ay:aygufvma&;twGuf azmfxkwfaqmif&Gufay;onfh oabmrsKd;vnf; Nzpfayonf/
,ck ,efavmufqefu ,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJwGif pmwpfapmifom&Sdaeygonf[k qdkavaomtcg
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm wu,fyif thHMordayonf/
]]rif; ... tawmftHhMooGm;w,feJUwlw,f}}
vluJcwfaumif;aom ,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwf\trlt&mudk tuJcwfMunfhum ar;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; uG,f0Sufrae/ tomyif acgif;ndwfNyvdkufNyD; ...
]][kwfuJh ... a&Smifvifausmif;awmf Nrwfynmcef;aqmifxJrSm odrf;qnf;xm;wJh vQKdU0Sufypönf;
cdk;,laysmufqkH;oGm;&w,fqdkwJh owif;[m odkif;avmurSm tausmfaZ,sNzpfaewmyJ? NyD;awmh tbnDtyfxm;wJh
,Gef;bl;eufuav;&JU tH0SuftzkH;rSmvnf; ]a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;? tcGifhtrdefY&Sdolom zGifhMunfh&rnf}
&,f v d k Y a &;xm;wmqd k a wmh txJ r S m a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf t wG u f od y f u d k t a&;MuD ; wJ h ypö n f ; wpf c k c k
&Sdr,fxifrdwmaygh}}
]]tif; ... rif;taeeJY 'DvdkawG;awmr,fqdk&ifvnf; awG;awmp&mygyJ}}
]]tJ'Dpm&GufrSmaum bmawGa&;xm;ao;ovJ? tJ'Dpm&Gufuaum a&Smifvifausmif;awmftwGuf
odyfta&;MuD;wJh taMumif;t&mawG a&;om;rSwfwrf;NyKxm;wJh pm&GufrNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... rNzpfEdkifygbl;? pm&Gufay:rSm a&;xm;wmawGu bmrS ta&;rMuD;wJh taMumif;awGyg}}
]]'gqd k & if tH 0 S u f & J U tzk H ; rS m ]a&S m if v if v QKd U 0S u f y pö n f ; ? tcG i f h t rd e f U &S d o l o m zG i f h M unf h & rnf } vd k Y
a&;xm;wmuaum b,fvdkt"dyÜm,fvJ}}
]]'guawmh MudKwifumuG,frIvkyfxm;wm Nzpfygvdrfhr,f}}
]]b,fvdkMudKwifumuG,frIvJ tb&JU? uRefawmfNzifh rawG;wwfatmifNzpfaeNyD? &Sif;Nyprf;ygOD;}}
]]tif; ... ightaeeJY twdtusudkawmh raNymEdkifygbl;? pdwfxJrSm xifaMu;eJY cefYrSef;rdwmudkyJ aNymEdkifr,f}}
]][kwfuJh? tbu b,fvdkrsm; xifrdvdkYygovJ}}
]]a&Smifvifausmif;awmf&JU vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk ,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm xnfhxm;wmuawmh rSefygvdrfhr,f?
'gayr,fh wu,fhvQKdU0Sufypönf;xnfhxm;wJh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;tNyif wNcm;ykHpHwl ,Gef;bl;eufwpfck 'grSr[kwf
ok H ; av;ck a vmuf u d k v nf ; vk y f x m;vd r f h r ,f ? 'D v d k y k H p H w l ,G e f ; bl ; euf u av;awG NyKvk y f x m;w,f q d k w J h
taMumif;udkvnf; a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu wu,fhta&;ygwJh acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufpavmufyJ
odvdrfhr,f? tckd;cHvdkuf&wJh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;[mvnf; wu,fhvQKdU0Sufypönf; xnfhxm;wJh[mr[kwfbJ
yk H p H w l v k y f x m;wJ h ,G e f ; bl ; euf u av;yJ Nzpf y gvd r f h r ,f ? bmyJ N zpf N zpf Nrwf y nmcef ; aqmif x J u d k 0 if N yD ;
,Ge;f bl;eufwpfcu k kd t&ck;d ,lomG ;Edik af Mumif; olwYkd yyd &d &d d vQKdU0Sux f m;wJh vQKdU0Sucf sufowif; aygufMum;oGm;NyDqw kd hJ
taMumif;&,f? &efolxdk;azmufr0ifEdkifatmif umuG,frIawG rvkyfEdkifao;wJh aysmhuGuf&Sdaew,fqdkwm&,fudk
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu wu,fhta&;ygwJhacgif;aqmifawG odoGm;vdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifhvnf; tckd;cH&wJh
,Gef;bl;eufuav;xJrSm wu,fha&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;tppf ygoGm;avoa,mif odkif;avmurSm tausmfaZ,seJY
vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;Nzpfatmif owif;vTifhvdkufwm Nzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY igawmh xifrdyg&JU}}
]]tif; ... tb&JU xifaMu;u trsm;MuD;NzpfEdkifygw,f}}
]]uJ ... ightaMumif;udk qufaNym&atmif? ig[m igcspfwJhrdef;uav;udk vufxyf&wJhtcsdefrSm odyfudk
aysmfrdw,f? vSyacsmarmNyD; igukd,fwdkifuvnf; pGJpGJvrf;vrf; ESpfESpfumumcspfcJhwJh rdef;uav;eJYvufxyfNyD;
283
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wtd;k wtdrx f al xmifvYkd twlwuGaexdik &f wJt h csde[
f m ighb0rSm om,mcsrf;aNrUrIt&Sq d ;Hk tcsdeu f mvNzpfc&hJ wmaygh?
ighvdk t&kyfqkd;tusnf;wefwJh vlwpfa,muftaeeJY ewfrdr,fav;vdk vSyacsmarmwJh rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk
MuifazmftNzpfvufwGJNyD; b0c&D;vrf;rSm avQmufvSrf;&wmudkyJ ighudk,fig uHtaumif;qkH;vlwpfa,mufvdkY
xifcJhrdw,f? 'gayr,fh igh&JU0rf;omaysmf&TifNyD; uHaumif;w,fvdkYxifrdwJh tcsdefu odyfrMumcJhygbl;}}
pum;aNymae&if; ,efavmufqef\rsufESmwGif aqG;&dyfoef;vmonf/
oufNyif;armwpfcsufcsNyD;aemuf pum;Nyefquf\/
]]ighZeD;u ightay:rSm odyf[uf[ufyufyuf r&Sdbl;? tpydkif;rSmawmh ighudk pum;enf;enf;yg;yg;
aNymao;w,f? orD;av; zdefzdefudkarG;NyD;wJhaemufusawmh ighudkcyfpdrf;pdrf; NzpfoGm;w,f? pum;vnf;
odyfraNymawmhbl;? olUorD;eJYyJol &Iyfaewwfw,f? olu b,favmufpdrf;pdrf; iguawmh olUudkcspfvsuf
NrwfEdk;vsufygyJ? oleJYtwlwlae&NyD; olUrsufESmav;udk awGUNrifae&wmudkyJ ighrSm auseyfESpfodrfhae&w,f?
waeYaeYrSmawmh ol[migh&JUtcspfudkem;vnfNyD; ighudkpum;aumif;aumif;rGefrGef aNymvmvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhNyD;
apmifhaecJhw,f? ESpfawGvawGom Mumanmif;vmw,f? olu ighudk pum;raNymbl;? ightem;udkvnf;
rvmoavmufyJ? orD;av;zdefzdef[mvnf; ightay: cyfpdrf;pdrf;yJ Nzpfaew,f? igu tpma&pm&SmazGay;w,f?
tdr&f mudk aumif;rGevf NHk cKHatmif vkyaf y;w,f? olu xrif;[if;csufNyKwfay;w,f? tdru f kd xde;f odr;f &Si;f vif;ay;w,f?
oleJYigeJY[m vifr,m;vdkYvnf; raNymEdkif? rdwfaqGvnf;r[kwf? todtuRrf;vdkYvnf; rqdkEdkif? b,fvdkrSef;rodwJh
qufqHa&;rsKd;eJY aevmcJhMuw,f? waeUawmh ighb0twGuf wrsKd;wzkHaNymif;vJp&m taMumif;zefvmcJhw,f}}
]]b,fvdkrsm; taMumif;zefvmcJhwmvJ}}
]]ighudk pum;awmif aNymazmfr&cJhwJh ighZeD;u ightem;udkvmNyD; pum;aNymw,fav}}
]][m ... 'gqdk&if tbtay: olu pdwfaNyoGm;vdkY pum;pNyD; aNymvmwmaygh}}
,efavmufqefu rcsdNyKH; NyKH;um ...
]]at;av olpum;paNymwkef;uawmh igvnf; rif;aNymovdkyJawG;NyD; aysmfcJhrdwmaygh? 0rf;omcJhrdwmaygh?
'gayr,fh}}
,efavmufqefonf twdwfrStaMumif;rsm;udk NyefvnfpOf;pm;um pdwfxdckduf[efNzifh oufNyif;armMuD;
wpfcsuf csvdkufonf/
,efavmufqefu qufaNymonf/
]]'gayr,fh olu tckvdk ighudkNyefNyD; pum;aNymvmwJh taMumif;aMumifh Nzpfay:vmwJhudpöawGu ightzdkY
woufvkH; rcsdwifuJeJY pdwf'ku©a0'em cHpm;apcJh&w,fav}}
]][if ... olu bmtaMumif;aNymrdvdkYvJ? NyD;awmh bmudpöawGrsm; Nzpfay:vmvdkYvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu odvdkpdwfESifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]olu ar;w,fav? ]&SifhnD ,efvefudefvmtyfxm;wJh ,Gef;bl;eufav;u b,fu&vmwJh[mvJ? NyD;awmh
txJ r S m bmawG y govJ } wJ h ? igh u d k ES p f a wG v awG M umvS a tmif pum;raNymbJ a ecJ h w J h igh & J U ZeD ; u
pum;paNymvmwmqdkawmh ighrSm odyfudk0rf;omoGm;NyD; ,Gef;bl;eufuav;eJY ywfoufwJhtaMumif;pkHudk
aNymNyvdkufw,f? igaNymwmawGudkem;axmif&if; olUrsufESmtawmhfudk ysufvmw,f? ighpum;vnf;qkH;oGm;a&m
ol[m ai;ai;idkifidkifMuD;udk NzpfoGm;awmhwmygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu wpkHw&m Mum;Nzwfar;rnfNyK&m ,efavmufqefu vufumNyNyD; qufaNymNyefonf/
]]tJ'Dvdk ai;ai;idkifidkifNzpfaeawmh ighpdwfxJrSm pdk;&drfvmrdNyD; bmNzpfovJvdkY ar;vdkufrdw,f? olu
igpkd;&drfwMuD;ar;aewmudk Mum;[efrwlbl;? ai;ai;idkifidkifMuD;yJ qufNzpfaew,f? iguvnf; xyfwvJvJudk
pdk;&drfwMuD;eJY ar;aerdw,f? tawmfMuD;Mumonftxd ol[m ighudkrkef;wD;&GH&SmwJhtMunfheJY MunfhaecJhw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; ighudkrsufESmcsif;awmif rqdkifawmhbl;? ightay:vnf; wu,fhudk pdrf;um;oGm;awmhwmygyJ?
ig&S m azG w J h pm;aomuf z G , f & mawG u d k wd k Y awmif r wd k Y awmh b l ; ? ol U bmom&S m azG pm;aomuf w ,f ?
csufNyKwfwJhtcgrSmvnf; ightwGufxnfhawmifrcsufawmhbl;}}
]]tb[mu rvG,fygvm;}}

284
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]oleJYtwl ig&SdaewmudkyJ olUrSmodyfudkpdwfusOf;usyfNyD; rausreyfNzpfaewJh trlt&mrsKd;awGudk igNrif&awmh
b,fpdwfaumif;EdkifyghrvJ? ig[m olUudk odyfcspfayr,fh oleJYtwlaewmudk olrvdkvm;rSef;odwJhtcg igvnf;
tdrfuaeta0;udkxGufvmcJhw,f? 'DvdkxGufvm&if; ighnD,efvefudefeJYqkHrdw,f? NyD;awmh ,efvefudef&JU
,kwfrmaumufuspfykHawGudkvnf; igod&w,fav? ,efvefudef[m b,favmufrsm; qdk;&Gm;rdkufrJovJqdk&if
tpfukdt&if;NzpfwJh ightay:rSmawmif ,kwfrmaumufuspfcJhw,f}}
nDNzpfoltay: emMunf;a'goNzpfp&mtaMumif; &SdaeaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf tuJcwfrdxm;NyD;Nzpfonf/
taMumif;roifhonfhtwGufom Mum;Nzwfrar;bJ aecJhonf/
tck ,efavmufqefu olYnD\qdk;&Gm;rdkufrJykHtaMumif;udk pum;pvmonfhtwGuf aumufumiifum
ar;vdkufrdonf/
]]tb&JUnDu tbtay:rSm b,fvdkrsm; ,kwfrmaumufuspfcJhvdkYvJ}}
,efavmufqefu EIwfcrf;axmifhav;rsm; vIyf&kHrQNyKH;vkdufonf/
xdktNyKH;onf &ifxJwGif ay:aygufaeonfh Nynfhodyfwif;usyfaom cHpm;rIudk aNzodrfhonfhtNyKH;vm;? &ifxJrS
cHpm;ae&rIudk azmfxkwfonfhtNyKH;vm;awmh rodwwfEdkifyg/
]]b,fvdkenf; b,fykHrsKd; vkyfaqmifcJhw,fqdkwmudkawmh tao;pdwfraNymyg&apeJUuGm? oif;u
NyKvkyf&ufcJhayr,fh iguawmh oif;&JUvkyf&yfudk aNymNy&rSmawmif &SufrdaevdkYyg? oif;udk igudk,fwkdifawmif
taoowfypfzdkY pdwful;rdao;w,f? 'gayr,fh avmuMuD;rSm oleJYigeJY nDtpfudkESpfa,mufyJ &Sdwmygvm;&,fvdkY
pOf;pm;rdwmaMumifh igh&JUa'gopdwfudk csKyfwnf;xm;cJh&w,f? at; ... igu ighpdwfudkcsKyfwnf;NyD; oif;udk
csrf ; omay;cJ h a yr,f h vl q d k ; vl , k w f r mwpf a ,muf t zk d Y rd k u f N ypf ' Pf u rvG w f c J h y gbl ; ? oif ; &J U ,k w f r m
aumufuspfrIawG&JU wkHYNyefrIudk oif;cH&NyD; rdkufZmwfodrf;oGm;cJh&w,fav}}
,efavmufqef\pum;oHonf aNym&if;yif wkef,ifvmonf/
nDtpfudk[laom oHa,mZOfuwzuf? vlqdk;vlrdkuf[laom &GHrkef;rIwzuf qefYusifbuftm;NydKifrIudk
&ifxJwGif cHpm;ae&[efwlonf/
,efavmufqef\nDNzpfol ,efvefudef\tNzpfrSm oifcef;pm,lzG,f&m trSefaumif;vSonf/
raumif;rI[lonf rnfonfhtcgwGifrQ aumif;usKd;rNyKEdkifay/
rdrdusL;vGefcJhonfh raumif;rI\rdkufNypf'Pfonf rdrdaemufodkY t&dyfyrm vdkufaewwfonf/
acG ; &l ; aumif ; pm; wpf r G e f ; wnf h q d k a ompum;uJ h o k d Y ,k w f r maumuf u spf o nf h v l w d k Y onf
tcsdefumvwpfckavmufawmh pnf;pdrfcsrf;om cHpm;&aumif; cHpm;&rnfNzpfonf/
odkYaomf xdkokdYpnf;pdrfcsrf;om cHpm;&onfhtcsdefumvrSm Mum&SnfwnfNrJEdkifrnfawmh r[kwfay/
rdrd\raumif;rIonf waeYr[kwfwaeY ay:aygufvm&rnfrSm rvGJay/
rdrdusL;vGefcJhonfh raumif;rIay:aygufrvm&atmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;Nzifh zkH;zdxm;EdkifonfqdkOD;awmh?
rdrd\npfEGrf;aeNyDNzpfaompdwfu rdrdudk tenf;enf;tzkHzkH aNcmufvSefUaeayrnf/
rdrdu olwyg;tay: ,kwfrmaumufuspfum raumif;MuHpnfvkyfaqmifxm;ovdk rdrdudkvnf;
wNcm;vlwpfa,mufu ,kwfrmaumufuspfonfh raumif;MuHpnfrIwpfckck vkyfaernfvm;[lí tNrJyif
oHo,pdwfNzifh usD;vefYpmpm; Nzpfaewwfayonf/
]]igvnf; pdwaf vNyD; aNcOD;wnf&h mavQmufomG ;ae&mu ZeD;eJYorD;udo k wd&NyD; tdru f Nkd yefomG ;wJt h cgusawmh
olwdkYESpfa,mufudk rawGU&awmhbl;? olwdkYu ighudkpGefYcGmxGufoGm;Muw,fav}}
,efavmufqefu qufaNymonf/
]]tbu olwdkYudk vdkufr&Smbl;vm;}}
]][m ... b,fEh , S af Nymygvdr?hf vdu k &f mS wmaygh? 'gayr,fh orD;udyk aJ wGU&w,f? ighZeD;udak wmh rawGU&awmhb;l }}
]]tbZeD;u b,fa&mufoGm;vdkYvJ}}
]]zdezf ed u
f aNymawmh olUtar aooGm;NyDw?hJ 'gayr,fh 'Dpum; wu,f[w k rf [kwaf wmh igvnf; raocsmbl;?
aMomf rif;udkaNymzdkY usefoGm;w,f? zdefzdefuvnf; olUtarvdkyJ? ighudk tawmfpdrf;w,f? rkef;w,f? 'Dawmh
olUtaraooGm;NyDqdkwm wu,f[kwfcsif[kwfEdkifovdk vdrfaNymwmvnf; NzpfcsifNzpfEdkifw,f}}
285
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
zdefzdefu olr\zciftaMumif;raNymvdkbJ &SdaeykHudk &SD;xifcsdwf Nyefvnfowd&rdonf/ ,ckrSyif
bmaMumifhraNymvdkaMumif;udk od&awmhonf/
]]'geJY zdefzdefqDrSm ,Gef;eufbl;uav;wpfck &Sdaeao;w,fAs? tJ'DtaMumif;udk tbod&JUvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk ar;vkdufonf/
,efavmufqefu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; ...
]]odygw,f? tJ'g twkvkyfNyD; wrifoufouf ightay: tEÅ&m,fawGusa&mufatmif vkyfxm;wmyg}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf uH a cvS a om ,ef a vmuf q ef \ b0Zmwf a Mumif ; ud k Mum;&onf h t wG u f
pdwfraumif;Nzpfrdonf/ þudpörsm;wGif rnfolUudk tNypfwif&rnfrSef;vnf; roday/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf twefMumatmifyif pum;raNymEdkifMubJ tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfaerdMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYESpfa,muf c&D;qufcJhMuNyefonf/
rdef;racsmwpfa,mufaMumifh 'ku©ayGcJh&ykHudk Mum;&NyD;onfhaemuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf vSyaomrdef;rom;wkdYudk
aMumufovdkvdk Nzpfvmrdonf/
,efzdefzdefonf olUtzdkY yxrqkH; &if;ESD;oduRrf;&onfh olpdrf;rdef;uav;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/
olrtwGuf bmaMumifhrsm; toufpGefYumulnDvdkpdwfawG Nzpfay:vm&onfudk olpOf;pm;í r&EdkifcJhay/
rnfokdYqdkap ,efzdefzdefudk ulnDay;cJhrIaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm twGif;tm;awG tzsufqD;cHcJh&onf/
þtNzpfonf rdef;racsmwpfa,mufuay;onfh ]tEÅ&m,f} ayyJvm;/
wzufrSvnf; rdrd\rdcif ydkifpkusifESifh rdrdudk toufay;um ulnDumuG,fay;cJh&Smol a':av;vdefvdefwdkU
taMumif;udk awG;rdNyefawmh vSyaomrdef;rrsm;onf tEÅ&m,fESifh'ku©rsm;udk Nzpfay:aponf[laom tcsufay:wGif
oHo,Nzpfvm&Nyefonf/
wNrdKU0ifwNrdKUxGufESifh c&D;ESifvmcJhMu&m uGrf;qDNynfe,f auG;vifNrdKUokdY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
auG ; vif N rd K Uonf pG w f p d k x d k i f ; rI d i f ; aom &moD O wk & S d o nf h a'oNzpf o nf / &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y
a&muf&SdoGm;Muonfhae&mwGif rdk;uwzGJzGJ&Gmaeonf/
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk auG;vifNrdKUNyif&Sd ausmufaqmif0uFygaNrodkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
]]a[m'g uGrf;qDNynfe,f&JU emrnfausmf ausmufaqmif0uFygaNrqdkwmaygh}}
,efavmufqefu ausmufaqmif0uFygaNrudk nTefNy&if; aNymvkdufonf/
xdkae&monf yifv,fMurf;Nyif\ toGifoP²mefrsKd;Nzpfonf/ yifv,fNyifwpfckxJrS &SdorQa&rsm;
cef;aNcmufaysmufuG,foGm;vQif Nrif&rnfhNrifuGif;rsKd;[kvnf; qdkEdkifonf/
xl;qef;aom toGiftNyiftrsKd;rsKd;&Sdonfh ausmufaqmifrsm;? ausmufcufrsm;? ausmufwef;rsm;
ponf w d k Y o nf tH h r cef ; atmif y if wnf & S d a eonf / tcsKd U ae&mrsm;wG i f xD ; oP² ² m ef ? rI d o P² m ef p oNzif h
oP²meftrsKd;rsKd;Nzpfay:aeaom ausmufcRefrsm;udk Nrif&onf/
]]a[m'D ausmufaqmif0uFygaNrodkY Nzwfausmfvdkuf&if orm;awmfMuD; ,drif&Sif;aexdkifwJhae&mudk
a&mufw,f? ,drif&Sef;u rif;udk ukoay;csif ukoay;Edkifvdrfhr,f}}
,efavmufqefu aNymNyefonf/
]]twG i f ; tm;pk p nf ; vd k Y r &wJ h a &m*gud k uk o zd k Y od y f c uf c J r ,f q d k & if v nf ; &S d y gapawmh t b&,f ?
tyifyef;cHraeygeJYawmh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfavoHu tm;avQmh[ef ay:vGifaeonf/
]]rif;uvnf; pdwfwwfMuGvG,foavmuf w,fvnf;pdwfysufvG,fwmudk;? b0rSm cufcJwmawG
yifyef;wmawG &ifqdkif&rSmyJ? &ifqdkif&wJh tcuftcJrSeforQudk ZGJvkHYveJY Nzwfausmf&rSmaygh? pdwfysuftm;avQmhvdkY
b,fNzpfrSmwkef;}}
]]uRefawmfu pdwyf suftm;avQmhvYdk aNymwm r[kwyf gbl;? uRefawmft h wGuf vdu k af qmif&u G af y;ae&wJt h budk
tm;emrdvdkYyg}}

286
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]igudk bmrS tm;emraeeJY? rif;uawmif ighorD;udka&m? ighudk,fwdkifudkyg ulnDay;cJhwmyJ? ,drif&Sef;u
&dk;&dk;aq;q&mr[kwfbl;? tqdyfynmudkyg uRrf;usifw,f? NyD;awmh uko&cufcJwJh a0'emawGudk odyfpdwf0ifpm;
wwfw,f? uJ ... uJ ... pum;aNymaevdkY tydkyJ? ,drif&Sef;qDudk ta&mufoGm;vdkufMu&atmif}}
ausmuf a qmif 0 uF y gaNrud k Nrif ; pD ; um Nzwf a usmf í r&ay/ ol w d k Y onf Nrif ; rsm;ay:rS q if ; um
ZufMudK;rsm;udkqGJvsuf aNcusifoGm;Mu&onf/
ausmuf a qmif 0 uF y gud k Nzwf a usmf & mwG i f waNzmif h w nf ; oG m ;&Ncif ; r[k w f a y/
ausmufpG,fawmfausmufcRefrsm; tMum;wGif auGUauGUaumufaumuf oGm;&onf/ wcgwcgwGif ausmufzsmrsm;?
ausmufaqmifrsm;udk ausmfNzwf&ao;onf/
twGif;tm; pkpnf;tokH;csNcif;rNyKEdkifaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tvGefyifyef;aeonf/ ,efavmufqefu
az;zwGJazmfay;&onf/
aemufqkH;wGifawmh ausmufaqmif0uFygaNrudk ausmfNzwfEdkifcJhMuavawmhonf/
xdak usmufaqmif0uFygudk Nzwfausmfvu kd o f nfEiS hf xl;Ncm;aom ausmufwt J rd Mf uD;wpfv;Hk udk awGUMu&onf/
xd k a usmuf w J t d r f M uD ; onf obm0tavsmuf N zpf a y:aeaom ausmuf c Ref M uD ; av;ck a y:wG i f
ausmufNym;MuD;wpfcsyfwifvsuf&Sdaeaom ae&mü &&mopfukdif;opf&Gufrsm;Nzifh Nzpfuwwfqef; NznfhpGufum&Hum
NyKvkyfxm;ayonf/
ausmuf w J t d r f \ a&S U aNruG u f v yf w G i f xd k e ,f y ,f a 'orS wd k i f ; &if ; om;Nzpf o nf h aNrmif v l r sKd ;
vli,fav;wpfa,muf trIdufo&dkufrsm; vSJusif;aeonf/
xdkvli,fav;onf &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY\ aNcoHudkMum;oGm;[efNzifh armfMunfhvdkufum ...
]]bmudpö&SdvdkYvJ}}
,efavmufqefu ausmufwJtdrfud vufñdI;xdk;NyNyD; ...
]]'g orm;awmfMuD; ,drif&Sef;&JUtdrf [kwfvm;}}
]]q&mMuD; tdrfrSmr&Sdbl;}}
aNrmifvlrsKd; vli,fav;onf pum;oHNywfNywfESifhaNymNyD; vSJusif;onfhtvkyfudk qufvkyfaeonf/
]]orm;awmfMuD; b,ftcsdef Nyefa&mufrSmvJ? igwdkY c&D;a0;uae wul;wu vma&mufvmMuwJh
vlrrmawGyg}}
]]cifAsm;wkYd b,fuvmwmawG bmawGukd uRefawmfpw d rf 0ifpm;ygbl;? q&mMuD; Nyefa&mufryS J vmawGUMu&if
aumif;r,f}}
aNrmifvlrsKd;vli,f\toGifrSm &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYESpfa,mufudk ESifrxkwf&kHwrnfom &Sdawmhonf/
]]orm;awmfMuD; Nyefa&mufvmwJhtxd igwdkY apmifhaecsifw,fuGm}}
,efavmufqefu pdwfravQmhao;bJ aNymvdkufonf/
]][m ... b,fNzpfrSmvJ? cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,mufudk uRefawmfu xrif;awG[if;awG auR;rxm;Edkifbl;As}}
]]igwdkYudk xrif;awG[if;awG auR;arG;xm;p&mrvdkygbl;? 'DrSmapmifhaecGifh&&ifyJ awmfygNyD? igwdkYrSm
pm;eyf&du©mawG ygygw,f}}
aNrmif v l r sKd ; vl i ,f a v;\ pum;oH r sm;u armuf r moavmuf ,ef a vmuf q ef \ avoH u
aysmhaysmif;nifomaeonf/
]]'Dvdk udk,fhbmomudk,f pm;aomufr,fqdk&ifawmh cifAsm;wdkY oabmygyJ}}
aNrmifvrl sKd;vli,fav;onf bmrQqufraNymawmhbJ olvyk pf &m&So d nfrsm;udk qufvufvyk af qmifaeonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y onf ausmuf t d r f w J \ a&S U yd k i f ; oif h a wmf & mwae&mwG i f
ae&mxdkifcif;Nyifqifum wnf;ckdapmifhqdkif;aeMuavawmhonf/

287
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ckepf&ufNynfhaNrmufonfhaeY eHeuf/
t&yfaxmifaxmifarmif;armif; toufig;q,fcefY&Sd vlMuD;wpfa,mufonf ausmufwJtdrf&Sd&mokdY
a&muf&Sdvmonf/
xdkvlMuD;onf MuD;rm;aom 0g;carmufMuD;wpfvkH;udk aqmif;xm;onf/ yg;NrdKif;arG;? rkwfqdwfarG;rsm;
xlxyfum Oy"d&kyfcefYnm;onf/ aq;Oaq;Nrpfrsm; tNynfhygaom qGJtdwfMuD;wpfckudk yckH;wGifvG,fxm;onf/
aNrmifvlrsKd;vli,fav;onf xdkvlMuD;udkqD;MudKum aNrmifbmompum;Nzifh wwGwfwGwfaNymMum;onf/
vlMuD;uvnf; acgif;wndwfndwfNzifh em;axmifaeonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y rS m rl ausmuf w J t d r f a &S U wG i f tom&yf u m xd k v l M uD ; ud k
tuJcwfMunfhaeonf/ wpkHw&m 0ifa&mufaNymqdkNcif; rNyKMuao;ay/
aNrmifvlrsKd;vli,fav; aNymaompum;rsm; qkH;oGm;aomtcgwGifrS xdkvlMuD;u ,efavmufqefwdkYbufudk
vSrf;Munfhonf/
,efavmufqefu nmvufoD;qkyfay:wGif b,fvuf0g;ukdtkyfum tomudkifaNr§muft&kdtaoay;NyD; ...
]]orm;awmfMuD; ,drif&Sef; rSwfygw,f? usKyf&JUvlemudk orm;awmfMuD;vuf tyfESHygw,f? ulnDay;ygOD;
orm;awmfMuD;cifAsm;}}
]]usKyf ,d r if & S e f ; ygyJ ? usKyf [ m aq;uk p m;wJ h a q;q&m r[k w f y gbl ; ? 'D a wmh wNcm;aq;q&m
wa,mufa,mufqD vlemoGm;tyf&if aumif;ygvdrhfr,f}}
xkdvlMuD;u NyefaNymonf/
]]wNcm;aq;q&mawG uk o vk d Y r&Ed k i f a vmuf a tmif u d k xl ; Ncm;qef ; Nym;wJ h a0'emNzpf a evd k Y
orm;awmfMuD;qDukd ac:vm&wmyg? usKyfwYkd [m odyu f akd 0;vHwchJ &D;u yifyifyef;yef;vma&mufc&hJ wmyg? 'gaMumifrh Ykd
vufcHukoay;zdkY awmif;yefygw,f}}
,efavmufqefu ]xl;Ncm;qef;Nym;onfh a0'em} [k aNymvdkufonfwGif ,drif&Sef;\rsufESmay:wGif
pdwf0ifpm;onfh trlt&mrsm; ay:vmonf/
]]usKyfudk odyfvnf;txifMuD; rxm;eJYOD;? 'Da0'emudk usKyfukvdkY &csifrS&rSmAs}}
,efavmufqefu þpum;Mum;&onfhtwGuf tawmfav; tm;wufvmum ...
]]'guawmh usKyfvel m&JU ukov dk uf yH aJ ygh? orm;awmfMuD;u vufcpH rf;oyfay;r,fq&kd ifyJ aus;Zl;wifvyS gNyD}}
]]udkif; ... tdrfxJudk vmMuAsm}}
orm;awmf M uD ; ,d r if & S e f ; u a&S U qk H ; rS O D ; aqmif u m td r f x J o k d Y 0 if o G m ;onf / ,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYvnf; aemufrSvdkufygoGm;Muonf/
td r f t wG i f ; buf & S d ck w if w pf c k a y:wG i f &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k vJ a vsmif ; aeapNyD ; ,d r if & S e f ; u
prf;oyfppfaq;Munfhonf/
]][m ...}}
prf;oyfppfaq;Munfh&if; ,drif&Sef;\EIwfzsm;rS thHMo[efNzifh tmar!dwfoHxGufvmonf/
xdkYaemuf rsufarSmifMuKwfum &SD;xifcsdwf\ vufaumuf0wfrS aoG;ckefEIef;udk xyfrHprf;oyfMunfhNyefonf/
]]taNctae b,fvdk&SdvJ[if? ukovdkY&Edkifyghrvm;}}
,efavmufqefu pdk;&drfwMuD;yif ar;\/ ,drif&Sef;u avylMuD;wpfcsuf rIwfxkwfum ...
]]rvG,fbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf rsufESmñId;usoGm;onf/
,efavmufqefrSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf tawmfyif pdwfraumif; NzpfoGm;&onf/
]]'Doli,f[m twGif;tm;csKyf yOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsuf txdcHcJh&w,f r[kwfvm;}}
,drif&Sef;u ,efavmufqefudkMunfhNyD; ar;\/
]]twGif;tm; tzsufqD;cH&w,fvdkYyJ odygw,f? b,fvdk vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsKd; txdcH&w,fqdkwmudkawmh
rodygbl;? orm;awmfMuD;u 'Pf&m&JUZpfNrpfudk odaerSawmh ukoay;&if aysmufuif;Edkifygvdrfhr,f? MudK;pm;NyD;
ukoay;zkdY awmif;yefygw,f}}
288
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefu olodoavmuf NyefaNymonf/
]]usKyftrSeftwdkif;yJ aNymr,f? twGif;tm;csKyf yOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufeJY t&dkufcH&wJh'Pfudk
aysmufuif;atmifuo k Edik w f hJ enf;vrf;udak wmh usKyfow d ,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'eD nf;vrf;twdik ;f ukoay;Edik w f hJ ynmawmh
usKyfrSmr&Sdbl;}}
]]'gqdk&if ukoEdkifr,fh enf;vrf;udk aNymNyygcifAsm}}
]]'Doli,fudk usKyf NrifNrifcsif;oem;NyD; cifrifrdygw,f? olUa0'emudkvnf; aysmufuif;apcsifygw,f?
uk&r,fhenf;vrf;u rvG,fbl;? odyfudkcufcJw,f}}
]]aNymomaNymNyyg orm;awmfMuD;&,f? NzpfEdkifatmif usKyfwdkY MudK;pm;yghr,f}}
]]e*g;u0dckepfql twGif;tm;eJY 'Doli,f&JU i,fxdyfaoG;aMumr? &ifbwfay:u aoG;aMumrESpfck?
ausm&dk;wpfzufwpfcsufu aoG;aMumrESpfckeJY 'l;qpfESpfzufu aoG;aMumrESpfckudk wcsdefwnf; wNydKifwnf;
xdk;ESdyfay;rS wpfqdkYNyD;ydwfaewJh aoG;aMumrae&mwGif aNyyGifhukefr,f? 'Dvdkrukoay;Edkif&if 'Doli,f[m
twGif;tm;rpkpnf;Edkif&kHwif rubl;? ig;ESpfMumwJhtcgrSm aoG;aMumawG rmukefNyD; ukd,fwNcrf;aooGm;Edkifw,f}}
,efavmufqefonf tvGefpdwfysufonfh trlt&mNzifh acgif;udkcg,rf;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmrl e*g;u0dckepfqltwGif;tm;qdkonfudk rMum;zl;onfhtwGuf ar;cGef;xkwfvdkufrdonf/
]]e*g;u0dckepfql twGif;tm;qdkwm bmvJ[if tb}}
]]e*g;u0dckepfql twGif;tm;qdkwm e*g;NzLa*[m? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;euf*dkPf;?
rdk;e*g;*kdPf;eJY aNre*g;*kdPf;qdkwJh e*g;*kdPf;ckepfck&JUacgif;aqmif *kdPf;csKyfckepfa,mufpkaygif;NyD; twGif;tm;awG
pkpnf;wmudk ac:wmuG,fh}}
e*g;*kdPf;ckepfckwkdY tcsif;csif;tm;NydKifum &efapmifwdkufckdufaeMuykHudk odxm;onfhtavsmuf
e*g;u0dckepfqltwGif;tm; pkpnf;&ef rNzpfEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfonf/
pdwfysuftm;avsmhoGm;um oufNyif;&SnfMuD;wpfcsufom csvdkufEdkifawmhonf/
]]uk o Ed k i f w J h e nf ; ud k od v suf e J Y b,f v d k r S uk o zd k Y uvnf ; rNzpf E d k i f a wmh tawmif & S d v suf e J Y
tysH c uf w J h u d e f ; qd k u f a eNyD orm;awmf M uD ; &,f ? 'D u k o enf ; uawmh b,f v d k r S u d k r Nzpf E d k i f w J h ud p ö y gyJ ?
wNcm;enf;vrf;wckckrsm; &SdEdkifygao;ovm;}}
,efavmufqefu arQmfvifhcsuf &Edkifvdk&EdkifNim;oabmNzifh ,drif&Sef;udk tm;udk;wMuD; ar;vdkufNyefonf/
,drif&Sef;u acwåawGa0pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf acgif;udkqwfceJndwfNyD; NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]enf;vrf;wckawmh &Syd gao;w,f? wu,fvYkd odik ;f avmu, uae aysmufu, G af ewJh rdpmä raemodik ;f usr;f udk
awGUatmif&SmEdkifr,fqdk&if 'Doli,fudk a0'emaysmufuif;atmif ukoay;Edkifvdrfhr,f? twGif;tm;csKyf yOövuf
ewfvuf0g;&du k cf suf&UJ 'PfawGukd aNzazsmufuo k Edik w
f hJ enf;vrf; rdpmä raemodik ;f usrf;xJrmS &Sad ew,f? 'grSr[kw&f if
'Doli,fudk twGif;tm;csKyfyOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufeJY &dkufcJhwJhvludk awGUatmif&Smayawmh? olUynmudk
olNyefaNzay;Edkifygvdrfhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkY wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,muf MunfhrdMuonf/
]]rdpämraemodkif;usrf;udk t&vdkuf&SmzdkYuawmh wu,fhudkrvG,fbl;? 'Dawmh aNrmufckefckefqdkwJh
taumifMuD;udkyJ awGUatmif&Sm&awmhrSmyJ}}
,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGif xdkokdYawG;vkdufrdonf/
]]'Doli,ftwGuf usKyfwu,fyJ pdwfraumif;ygbl;? awmf&kHwef&kH 'Pf&meJYa0'emqdk&if usKyf&atmif
ukoay;Edkifygw,f? tckawmh wu,fhvQKdU0SufynmpGrf;udk okH;xm;wmqdkawmh usKyfvnf; b,fvdkrSrwwfEdkifbl;}}
,drif&Sef;u pdwfraumif;onfh[efNzifh aNymNyefonf/
a0'emtwGuf ukoEdkifonfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk odaomfvnf; xdkenf;vrf;rsm;twdkif; vkyfaqmif&ef
tvGefcufcJaeonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY arQmfvifhcsufrsm; ukefqkH;&awmhrnfuJhodkY Nzpfae\/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf orm;awmf ,drif&Sef;udk EIwfqufpum;qdkum ausmufwJtdrfxJrS
xGufcGmvmcJhMuonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufvkH;rSm pum;raNymEdkifMu/ tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfoufpGm avQmufvSrf;aeMuonf/
289
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tif; ... ightzdkY aNrmufckefckefudk awGUatmif&SmEdkifrSom a0'emaysmufuif;zdkY arQmfvifhcsuf&Sdr,f?
aNrmufckefckefudkawGUatmif &SmzdkYqdkwmuvnf; tawmfudkcufcJwmyJ? olu &kyfaNymif;&kyfvGJ twwfynmrSm
wzufurf;cwfaewmqdkawmh olUudkvkduf&Sm&wm[m avudktrdzrf;wmvdkrsKd; Nzpfaer,f? olu &kyfaNymif;xm;NyD;
ighem;rSm a&mufaer,fqdk&ifawmif igu olUudkrSwfrdEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif arQmfvifhcsuf uif;rJhovdkcHpm;oGm;&onf/
]]awmuf ... 'Dwcgawmh aNrmufckefckefeJYigeJY xdyfwdkufudk &ifqdkif&awmhr,f? olb,favmufyJ
&kyfaNymif;&kyfvGJaumif;aumif; xGufay:vmatmifawmh vkyf&r,f}}
,efavmufqefuvnf; pdwfxJrS usdwf&,fum MuKH;0g;&if; tMuHxkwfpOf;pm;aeonf/
rMumrD y if tMuH a umif ; wpf c k u d k pOf ; pm;rd v monf / aNrmuf c k e f c k e f u d k azmf x k w f E d k i f r nf h
tMuHaumif;&vmonfhtwGuf ,efavmufqefonf tawmfyif auseyftm;wufoGm;onf/
xdktMuHtwdkif; rqdkif;rwGvkyfaqmif&efvnf; qkH;Nzwfvdkufonf/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf wNrdKU0ifwNrdKUxGufNzifh c&D;qufMuonf/
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk tvGefyif*&kpdkufum apmifha&SmufMunfh&Ionf/ tm;ay;pum;vnf;
aNymMum;onf/
]]pdwfrysufygeJY xifcsdwf&m? odkif;avmurSm odyfxl;qef;NyD; tifrwef tHhMop&maumif;wJh aq;0g;awG
orm;awmf tausmftarmfawG &Sw d wfygw,fu?G odik ;f avmutawGUtMuKH &ifu h sufwahJ umifqakd wmh rawGUawGUatmif
MudK;pm;NyD; &Smay;yghr,f? ighudk bmrS tm;emraeeJY}}
NrdKUwNrdKU &Gmw&GmokdYa&mufwkdif; ,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk wnf;ckdcef;wpfckckwGif xm;cJhNyD;
txufygpum;rsKd;aNymum tNyifodkYxGufoGm;avh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYxGufoGm;vQif okH;av;&ufawmh Mumwwfonf/
wu,fawmh þpum;rsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSnfhpm;aNymqdkcJhonfh pum;rsm;omNzpfonf/
odik ;f avmuwGif tpGr;f xufNrufaom qef;Nym;onfh aq;0g;rsm;&Sw d wfaomfvnf; &S;D xifcsw d f cHpm;ae&aom
a0'emtwGuf tokH;wnfhrnfh aq;pGrf;aumif;udk&Sm&efrSm tvGefcufaMumif;udk ,efavmufqefodonf/
xkdYaMumifh b,f0,fb,fqDwGif&SdaerSef; rodaom qef;Nym;onfh aq;pGrf;aumif;udk &SmraebJ
aNrmufckefckefudk azmfxkwfEdkif&ef &&Sdxm;onfh tMuHtwkdif;om vkyfaqmifaeavonf/
,efavmufqefonf e*g;*dkPf;ckepf*dkPf;rS okdif;orm;rsm;ESifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmf? ckef;wkH*dkPf;?
a0:ar*dkPf; ponfhtNcm;*dkPf;aygif;pkHwdkYrS okdif;orm;rsm;udk wdwfwqdwf tvpfzrf;um xdcdkuftemw&Nzpfatmif
wdkufckdufavonf/
xdkokdYwkdufckduf&mwGif rdrdudk aNrmufckefckef[k xifNrifap&ef ta,mifaqmifrIrsm;udkvnf; NyKvkyf&onf/
þokdYNzifh aNrmufckefckef &rf;um;wdkufckdufrI owif;rsm;onf odkif;avmuwpfckvkH;wGif ysHUESHYí
oGm;avawmhonf/
wNrdKU0ifwNrdKUxGuf c&D;ESifvmcJhMuaom ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf &efMuLNrdKUodkY
a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef o nf &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k wnf ; ck d c ef ; wpf c k w G i f x m;cJ h u m ol U xk H ; pH t wd k i f ;
tNyifodkYxGufoGm;Nyefonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf tcef ; xJ w G i f atmif ; raevd k a omaMumif h wnf ; ck d c ef ; rS x G u f u m
vufzuf&nfMurf;qdkifwpfqkdifwGif 0ifívufzuf&nfMurf;ESifhrkefYrsm; rSm,lpm;aomufonf/
vufzuf&nfMurf;qdkifwGif vma&mufpm;aomufolrsm; aNymMum;aeonfhpum;rsm;wGif aNrmufckefckefESifh
ywfoufonfhtaMumif;rsm; ygvmaomaMumifh olpdwf0ifpm;pGm em;pGifhrdonf/
]]tckwavm aNrmufckefckefu w,f&rf;um;aeygvm;}}
vlwpfa,mufu pum;pvkduf&m usefwpfa,mufuvnf; ...
]][kwfw,fAs? odyfNyD;awmhvnf; &efvdkaewmyJ? awGUorQ odkif;orm;awGudk &efpwdkufcdkufaewJh
taNcrsKd;awmifNzpfaeNyD}}
]]'Davmuf aomif;usef;&rf;um;aewJhvludk b,folurS rESdrfeif; rqkH;rMubl;vm;}}
290
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xd k Y aemuf tNcm;vl r sm;uvnf ; aNrmuf c k e f c k e f \ &rf ; um;wd k u f c k d u f r I r sm;ES i f h ywf o uf í
rdrw
d Ykd Mum;odxm;&onfh owif;rsm;udk wpfa,mufwpfaygufaNymqdak eMu&m wpfqidk v f ;Hk wGif aNrmufcek cf ek tf aMumif;
pum;oHawG pDpDa0í aeonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf aNymqd k a eMuonf h pum;rsm;ud k vuf z uf & nf M urf ; aomuf & if ; Nid r f N id r f a v;
em;axmifaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif toufig;q,fcefY&SdNyD; t0wftpm; oefYoefYNyefYNyefY 0wfqifxm;aom ukefonftoGif
vlMuD;wpfa,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwfxdkifaeaom pm;yGJem;okdY a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]armif&ifav; ... 'Dpm;yGJrSm 0ifxkdifzdkY cGifhNyKEdkifrvm;}}
ukefonftoGif 0wfqifxm;aomvlMuD;u &nfrGefpGmaNymonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJh? xdkifygcifAsm ... xdkifyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; ysLiSm,Ofaus;pGm NyefaNymvdkuf&m xdkvlMuD;onf acgif;udkqwfceJndwfvsuf
xdkifckHwpfvkH;wGif 0ifxdkufvdkufav\/
xdkifcsNyD;onfESifh pm;aumif;aomufzG,frsm;udkvnf; rSmMum;vdkufonf/
pm;aomufaeolrsm;teuf tcsKdUu aNrmufckefckef\ &rf;um;rIrsm;taMumif; qufvufaNymqdkaeMuqJ
Nzpfonf/
]]aNrmufckefckefqdkwJhvlu bmaMumifhrsm; &efvkdNyD; wdkufckdufae&w,f rodbl;aemf}}
ukefonftoGif 0wfqifxm;aom vlMuD;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk MunfhNyD; oHrSefESifhaNymonf/
]]'Dvlu odkif;orm;qkd;MuD;wpfa,mufyJ? olwwfxm;wJh okdif;ynmawG b,favmuftqifhNrifhw,fqdkwm
tpGrf;NyNyD; olwyg;udk tEdkifusifhcsifvdkY &rf;um;wdkufckdufaewm NzpfrSmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu olUxifNrifcsuftwdkif; NyefaNymonf/
]]'Dvl&JU okdif;ynmawGu tawmftqifhNrifhvdkYvm;}}
]]'DavmufvJ r[kwfygbl;? olu vSnfhywfy&d,m,fqifNyD; tvpfzrf;wdkufckdufaevdkYyg? awhawhqdkifqkdif
&ifqdkifwkduf&if oltEdkif&zkdY odyfr&Sdygbl;}}
xk d v l M uD ; onf bmrQraNymawmh b J acgif ; ud k o mnd w f v d k u f N yD ; pm;aomuf z G , f & mrsm;ud k
qufvufpm;aomufaeonf/
pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk tenf;i,fom pm;aomufNyD;aemuf xdkvlMuD;onf xdkifae&mrSxvdkufonf/
]]uJ ... oGm;r,f? armif&ifav;twGufyg usoifhaiGudk ay;xm;cJhr,f}}
xdkvlMuD;onf aiGodrf;pm;yGJokdY avQmufvSrf;oGm;avonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm ai;ikdifawGa0&if; usefaecJhonf/
xdkvlMuD;onf aiGodrf;pm;yGJodkY avQmufvSrf;oGm;avonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm ai;idkifawGa0&if; usefaecJhonf/
xdkvlMuD;\pum;oHonf pwifaNymqdkpOfuvdkrsKd; r[kwfbJ wrsKd;Nzpfaeonf/
aemufqkH; aNymoGm;onfhpum;oHudk olUpdwfxJwGif Mum;zl;ovdkvdk xifrdonf/
]]'DtoHrsKd; igMum;zl;ygw,f? b,frSmMum;zl;wmvJ? b,folUtoHvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ai;idkifawGa0&if; pOf;pm;Munfhaeavonf/
&kwfw&uf wpkHwa,mufudk pOf;pm;rdvdkuf&m pdwfxJwGif tMuD;tus,f vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/
&ifw'def;'def; ckefvmonf/
aoG;rsm; qlyGufvmonf/
uk e f o nf t oG i f 0wf q if x m;aom vl M uD ; aemuf q k H ; aNymMum;oG m ;onf h pum;oH o nf
avGuGrf;bkef;awmfMuD;ausmif;wGif nMuD;tcsdefrawmf &ifqdkifawGUcJh&csdefu aNrmufckefckef aNymcJhaom
pum;oHNzpfonfudk rSwfrdvdkufaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
]]awmuf ... vufpowfawmh 'DvlMuD;u aNrmufckefckefyJudk;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJrS a'goMuD;pGmyif usdwfía&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
291
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrdudk b0wkH;onfhtNzpfrsKd;a&mufatmif vkyfxm;cJhavol aNrmufckefckefudk &ifqdkifvdkuf&onfhtwGuf
&S D ; xif c sd w f r S m tvG e f c H N yif ; aerd o nf / ,ck v d k rd r d r S w f r d a eonf h t oH N zif h aNymqd k o G m ;Ncif ; onf rd r d u d k
vkH;0ta&;rvkyfonfhoabmNzpfaMumif; awG;rdívnf; ydkrdka'go Nzpf&onf/
a'gopd w f N zif h wuk d , f v k H ; rS m wqwf q wf w k e f , if a eonf / taMumif ; rod v Qif iS u f z sm;a&m*g
&kwfw&ufxvmonf[kyif xifrdMuayrnf/
rdrt d ay: vlwiG u f s,fvyk o f mG ;aom aNrmufcek cf ek uf kd vdu k af wGUum &ifqikd v f ukd rf nf[k &S;D xifcsdwq f ;Hk NzwfNyD;
qdkifxJrS xGufvmcJhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfawGUvkduf&olonf ukefonfwpfa,muftoGifaNymif;xm;ol aNrmufckefckefyif Nzpfonf/
wpkHwa,mufu rdrdtrnfudktokH;csum &rf;um;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;NyKaeaMumif; owif;Mum;od&onfhtcg
aNrmufckefckefonf tvGefyif a'goxGufrdonf/
rd r d t rnf u d k tvG J o k H ; pm;NyKol rnf o l r nf 0 gNzpf o nf u d k vd k u f v H p k H p rf ; &S m azG c J h a omf v nf ;
twdtusrod&ao;bJ &Sdaeonf/
xdkokdYvkdufvHpkHprf;&SmazG&if; &efMuLNrdKUodkY a&mufvm&m vufzuf&nfqdkifwGif &SD;xifcsdwfudk awGU&onf/
wrifyif &SD;xifcsdwfxdkifaeonfhpm;yGJwGif 0ifxkdifum taNctaeudk pl;prf;Munfh&IcJhonf/
rdrd&dkufESufcJhaom yOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm twGif;tm;rsm;ysufNym;NyD;
tm;tifcsnfheJYvsuf taNctae ,dk,Gif;aeonfudk Nrif&aomtcg aNrmufckefckefonf tvGefyif auseyfyDwd Nzpfrd\/
tpG,fusKd;aom a>rvdkNzpfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk vkH;0ta&;rxm;onfhtwGuf rdrdrnfolrnf0gNzpfonfudk
od&Sdap&ef &SD;xifcsdwf rSwfrdaeaomtoHNzifh wrifaNymMum;oGm;cJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
uk e f o nf M uD ; wpf a ,muf t oG i f &k y f z suf x m;aom aNrmuf c k e f c k e f o nf vuf z uf & nf M urf ; qd k i f r S
xGufvmNyD;aemuf ydk;xnfcsnfxnfponfh txnfypönf;rsm; a&mif;csonfh txnfqdkifxJokdY 0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
aNrmufckefckef txnfqdkifxJodkY 0ifa&mufoGm;onfudk &SD;xifcsdwf vSrf;Nrifvdkufonf/
xdktxnfqdkifESifh rvSrf;rurf;&Sd vrf;auGUwae&mwGif tom&yfum qdkifxJrS aNrmufckefckefxGufvmrnfh
tcsdefudk apmifhaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf twGif;tm;Nynfh0NyD; okdif;ynmpGrf;&nf tokH;csEdkifonfhtcsdefuyif aNrmufckefckef\
vufatmufwGif ta&;&IH;edrfhcJh&onf/ ,ckvdk twGif;tm;pkpnf;Ncif; rNyKEdkifbJ tm;tifcsnfheJYaeonfhtcsdefrsKd;wGifrl
aNrmufckefckefudk rnfodkYrQ&ifqdkifEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
,ckvdktaNctaewGif aNrmufckefckefudk wdkufcdkufvQif ausmufaqmifudk MuufOESifhypfaygufonfh
oabmrsKd;omNzpfrnfudkvnf; olem;vnfonf/
okdYaomf tcJrauspdwfu &ifxJwGif armufMuGvsuf/
aNrmufckefckefudk udk,fwdkifNrifvdkuf awGUvdkuf&vsufESifh bmrQrvkyfvdkuf&bJ 'Dtwdkif;vufvGwfoGm;&onfh
tNzpfrsKd;udk rvdkvm;ay/
xdkUaMumifhvnf; ZGJrmeftNynfhESifh acsmif;aNrmif; apmifhqdkif;aeNcif;Nzpfonf/
tu,fí aNrmufckefckefESifh awhawhqkdifqdkif &ifqdkif&vQif rnfokdYrnfykH vkyf&rnfqdkNcif;udkrl &SD;xifcsdwf
,wdNywfqkH;Nzwf Nyifqifxm;EdkifNcif; r&Sdao;ay/
ol apmifhMunfhaeNyD; rMumrDrSmyif txnfqdkifxJrS tvkyform;ESpfa,muf ydk;xnfxkyfMuD;rsm;udkxrf;vsuf
xGufvmMuonf/
xkdtvkyform;ESpfa,mufonf udk,fcE¨m ydefydefvSDvSDESifh vlrsm;NzpfMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Adkuf&TJ&TJvludkom ta&;pdkufonfhtwGuf ydefvSDaom tvkyform;ESpfa,mufudk
omrefrQomMunfhvdkufonf/
tcsdefu wa&GUa&GUukefoGm;onf/
arSmif&dyfyif orf;pNyKvmonf/
xdkae&mw0kdufwGif vloGm;vlvmvnf; usJyg;oGm;onf/
txnfqdkifxJokdY 0ifa&mufoGm;aom aNrmufckefckefonf NyefvnfxGufvmNcif; r&Sdao;/
292
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][dk rdpämaumifMuD; b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ? &kyfwrsKd;aNymif;NyD; xGufvmNyDvm;? 'Dvdkawmh r[kwfEdkifygbl;?
igu Adkuf&TJ&TJvludk *&kpdkufaecJhwmyJ? tckxufxd Adkuf&TJ&TJeJYvl wpfa,mufrS xGufrvmao;bl;}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f w pf a ,muf w nf ; awG ; um r&k d ; r&G N zpf a eck d u f vrf ; awavwpf a ,muf ol U tem;ok d Y
a&mufvmonf/
]]q&mav; ... aiGtoNymav;rsm;&Sd&if ulnDyg}}
vrf;awavu toem;cHonf/
xdkvrf;awavudk teD;rS NrefNrefxGufoGm;apvkdaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf aiGtaMuGtenf;i,fudk
xkwfay;vdkufonf/
]][m ... aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm q&mav;&,f? usef;rmcsrf;omNyD; vdk&mqE´Nynfh0ygap}}
vrf;awavav;onf qkawmif;ay;&if; toHudkESdrfhcsum Mum;Edkif&kHavoHNzifh ...
]]'Dae&mrSm qufNyD; raeygeJY? tEÅ&m,frsm;vdrfhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf&ifxJwGif &Sdef;ceJvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
vrf;awavav;onf owday;pum;aNymMum;NyD;onfESifh qkawmif;rsm;udk&Gwfqdkum [efrysufyif
avQmufvSrf;xGufcGm oGm;onf/
]]'Dvrf;awavav;u b,folvJ? bmaMumifhrsm; ighudkowday;oGm;wmvJ? at;av ... rdk;vnf;csKyf
vlvnf;NywfaeNyD? ig 'Dae&muxGufoGm;wm taumif;qkH;yJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xdkokdYawG;NyD; vrf;axmifhae&mrS xGufcGmoGm;rnftNyKrSmyif olwdkY&Sd&mokdY
vlokH;a,muf avQmufvSrf;vmonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/
xdkvlokH;a,mufonf 0wfpkHpdrf;rsm;udk 0wfqifxm;MuNyD; cg;Mum;wGif wpfaycGJomomcefY&Sdaom
"m;wdkwpfacsmif;pDxdk;xm;Muonf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf olwYkd \oGm;vrf;ESihf vGwu f if;atmif rodrom a&Smifay;vdu k af omfvnf; vlwpfa,mufu
olUudk wrifyif tm;ESifh 0ifwdkufonf/
wd k u f v d k u f o nf h t &S d e f a Mumif h &S D ; xif c sd w f r S m vJ u svk e D ; yg;yif Nzpf o G m ;NyD ; 0if w d k u f r d o nf h
nmbufyckH;ae&mwGifvnf; tawmfyif emusifoGm;onf/
,d k i f v J r oG m ;&atmif [ef c suf u d k x d e f ; NyD ; vQif atmf [ pf n nf ; nLNcif ; rNyKrd a tmif v nf ;
atmifhtnf;aevdkufonf/
]]rif;u bm&efpwmvJ}}
0ifwdkufol0wfpkHpdrf;u cufxefrmausmpGm aNymqdk&if;vufoD;ESifh vSrf;xdk;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLcsKyfzrf;odkif;uGufNzifh xdkol\vufudk qD;ízrf;qkyfonf/ okdY&mwGif twGif;tm;
pkpnf;vnfywfír&aomaMumifh udk,fcE¨mrStaMumrsm; wif;aeonfhtwGuf odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;ykHu tvGefyif
aES;auG;aeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif usef0wfpkHpdrf;wpfa,mufu b,faNcNzifh vSrf;uefvmNyefonf/ aNcuefcsufonf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ 0rf;Adkufudk xdrdNyefonf/
]]Akef;}}
]]tifh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm atmifhtnf;awmifhcHEdkifNcif; r&Sdawmh/
yg;pyfrS wpfcsufnnf;nL&if; aNrMuD;ay:wGif ykHvsufom;vJusoGm;onf/
vufoD;csufaMumifh EIwfcrf;tufum EIwfcrf;axmifhrS aoG;rsm; ,dkpD;usvmonf/ aNcuefcsuf'PfaMumifh
&ifxJwGifatmifhum touf&SLyif usyfíaeonf/
Nyif;Nyaoma0'emudk cHpm;ae&onfhMum;rS &SD;xifcsdwfonf tHMudwfíMudK;pm;NyD; rwfwwfx&yfonf/
]]'Daumifu w,facgif;rmwmudk;? at; ... b,favmufrmEdkifrvJqdkwm Munfh&ao;wmaygh}}

293
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0wfpkHpdrf;wpfa,mufu aNymaNymqdkqdk &SD;xifcsdwfudk vuf0g;Nzifh &dkufxnfhvdkufonf/ aNrMuD;ay:rS
',D;',dkifESifh x&yfvmol &SD;xifcsdwfrSm Nyif;xefaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufaMumifh wywfvnfxGufvsuf
zGJtdwfMuD;wpfckvdk aNrMuD;ay: ykHvsufom;usoGm;Nyefonf/
]]tvum; tvkyf&IyfcHNyD; uefvm; &dkufvm; vkyfraeprf;ygeJY? wcgwnf; vufpwkH; vkyfypfvkdufr,f?
ab;z,fMu}}
0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlwpfa,mufu cg;Mum;xJwGif xdk;xm;onfh"m;wdkudk &Trf;ceJ qGJxkwfvdkufonf/
]]at; ... aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f}}
]]rif;yJ &Sif;ypfvkduf}}
usef 0wfpkHpdrf;ESpfa,mufu ab;okdYtom&SJay;vdkufMuonf/
"m;wdu k ikd x
f m;aom 0wfppHk rd ;f onf aMumufp&maumif;aom tNyKH;udNk yKH;&if; vJusaeonfh &S;D xifcsdw&f &dS mokYd
tomyifwvSrf;csif; avQmufvSrf;oGm;onf/
aNcvSrf;ESifhtwl "m;udk 0ifhí0ifhíoGm;&m "m;a&mifrSm vufceJvufceJ Nzpfíaeav\/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm rdrdxHokdY "m;udkif&efolwpfa,muf csOf;uyfvmonfudk odaomfvnf; bmrQrwwfEdkif/
aNrNyifwGifacGvsufom; vJusae&muyif NyefrxEdkifbJ&Sdaeonf/
"m;vGwfukdif 0wfpkHpdrf;onf &SD;xifcsdwf\teD;okdY a&mufoGm;onf/
]]aoayawmh ... acG;aumifav;}}
EIwfrS atmf[pfMudrf;0g;&if; "m;udkifxm;aom nmvufudk aNr§mufvdkufonf/
"m;a&mif vufceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
]][dwf ... &yfvdkufprf;}}
[efYwm;oHwpfckay:vmonf/
toHrSmtm;Nynfhum atmifNrifpl;&Sonf/ trdefUMoZm t&dyftaiGUrsm;vnf; ,Sufoef;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk "m;csufwpfcsufwnf;ESifh taockwfowf&ef [efNyifaeaom 0wfpkHpdrf;0wfvlMuD;rSm
[efYwm;oHaMumifh wkHYqdkif;oGm;NyD; toHay:vm&mbufokdY vSnfhMunfhonf/
usef0wfpkHpdrf;ESpfa,mufuvnf; atmf[pf[efYwm;vmoludk vSrf;MunfhvdkufMuonf/
tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wfqifxm;aom toufESpfq,fcefU&Sd vkvifysKdwpfa,mufudk awGUvkdufMu&onf/
vkvifysKdonf tawmfyif &kyfacsmonf/ vufwGif acguf,yfawmifwpfck udkifxm;onf/
&kwfw&ufMoZmtmPm&dyfrsm; Nynhf0onfh [efYwm;oHay:vmonfhtwGuf xdwfceJNzpfoGm;Muaom
0wfpkHpdrf;0wfvlokH;a,mufwkdYonf [efYwm;olrSm EkysKdacsmarmaom vkvifysKdwpfa,mufomNzpfonfudk
awGU&aomtcg avSmifaNymif&,farmMuavonf/
vkvifysKdonf cyfat;at;trlt&mESifh ...
]]cifAsm;wkdY w&m;vGefvGef;vScsnfvm;? 'Dvdk wzufowftEdkifusifhwm raumif;ygbl;}}
]]rif;u toufi,fi,f&G,f&G,feJY avmuMuD;rSmae&wm NiD;aiGUaeNyDxifw,f? 'DaeYawmh rif;[m
0HykavGokH;aumiftMum; rsufpdvnfNyD;a&mufvmwJh ,kefoli,fvdkNzpfaeNyDuG? [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
vk v if y sKd o nf nmvuf w G i f acguf , yf a wmif u d k N zef Y u m wzsyf z syf c wf & if ; EI w f c rf ; axmif h a v;
wGefY&kHNyKH;vdkufum ...
]]uRefawmfhtNrifrSmawmh cifAsm;wdkYokH;a,muf[m usm;a&SUrSmvmNyD; arSmufvsufvJaeMuw,fvdkY xifwmyJ}}
vkvifysKd\pum;aMumifh 0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlokH;a,mufrSm a'gotxGufMuD;xGufum &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm;
NzpfukefMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk "m;Nzifh wcsufwnf;xdk;owftNywf&Sif;&ef [efNyifcJhaom 0wfpkHpdrf;0wfolonf
aMumufrufzG,f&mtoHMuD;Nzifh atmf[pf&if; vkvifysKd&Sd&mokdY aNy;0ifoGm;onf/
vk v if y sKd E S i f h vuf w pf u rf ; tuG m ok d Y a&muf o nf E S i f h vuf w G i f toif h u d k i f x m;aom"m;Nzif h
ckwfydkif;csvdkufonf/

294
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vk v if y sKd o nf cyf a t;at;yif & yf a eum b,f b uf v uf u d k q ef Y xk w f N yD ; 0wf p k H p d r f ; \
nmbufvufaumuf0wfudk qwfceJqkyfzrf; udkifaygufypfvdkufonf/
0wfpkHpdrf;rSm um;ceJvGifhxGufoGm;NyD; aNrMuD;ay:odkY bkdif;ceJ ykHysufyef;ysuf xdk;usoGm;onf/
awmfawmfESifh NyefrxEdkif/
usef0wfpkHpdrf;ESpfa,mufonf &kwfw&ufrSifoufrdovdk aMumiftrf;trf;NzpfoGm;Muonf/
acwåai;ikdifoGm;NyD;rS owd0ifvmMuum vkvifysKd&Sd&modkY aNy;0ifí b,fnm0ef;&H wkdufckdufMuonf/
vkvifysKdonf yxrOD;pGm 0ifwdkufvmaom 0wfpkHpdrf;\vuf0g;&kdufcsufudk a&Smifwdrf;Ncif;yifrNyK/
0wfpkHpdrf;\ nmbufvufaumuf0wfudk b,fvufNzifh qD;MudKqkyfzrf;vdkufonf/
xdk0wfpkHpdrf;\ udk,fcE¨mrSm ykpGefwkyfvdk auG;auG;MuD;Nzpfum vkvifysKd\vufxJwGif r&kef;Edkifatmif
csKyfzrf;cHvdkuf&&Smonf/
xdktcsdefwGif usef0wfpkHpdrf;u olUvlvGwfaNrmufEdkifap&eftwGuf vkvifysKdudk aemufausmbufrS
0ifwdkufckdufvmonf/
vkvifysKdonf csKyfzrf;xm;aom 0wfpkHpdrf;udk vufvTwfray;bJ NrJNrHpGmqufvufcsKyfzrf;xm;NyD;
nmaNcaxmufudk aemufNyefaygufum aemufausmbufrS wdkufckdufvmoludk uefxkwfypfvkdufonf/
]]Akef;}}
]]tm;}}
tvpf z rf ; wd k u f c k d u f v mol r S m vk v if y sKd \ aNcuef c suf a Mumif h wpf c suf o matmf E d k i f N yD ;
yufvufvefvJusoGm;avonf/
vkvifysKdonf vufxJwGif rdrd&&csKyfzrf;rdxm;aom 0wfpkHpdrf;udkvnf; csKyfzrf;xm;&mrSvTwfNyD;
aNcaxmufNzifh uefxkwfvkdufonf/ avxJwGifvTifhxGufoGm;NyD; aNrMuD;ay: um;ceJ usoGm;Nyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk tEdkifusifhum &rf;um;&dkufESufcJhMuonfh 0wfpkHpdrf;vlokH;a,mufrSm toD;oD;aNray:wGif
um;&m;usatmif vJusaeMuavNyD/
0wfpkHNzLvkvifysKdonf tusÐvufarmif;udk tomqGJqefYvkdufonf/ olUtoGifu yuwdwnfwnfNidrfNidrf/
apmapmu 0wfpkHpdrf;okH;a,mufESifh wdkufcdkufcJhrIonf olESifhbmrQrqdkifonfh toGifrsKd;/ vJusaeaom
&SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY at;at;aq;aq; avQmufvSrf;oGm;onf/
'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;ESifh owdvpfum vJusaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk tomt,myif az;ray;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ rsufESmwpfckvkH; aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;Nzpfí aeonf/
rw&m;rIrsm;udk vlwdkif;u rkef;wD;Muonf/ apmapmydkif;u 0wfpkHpdrf;0wfvlokH;a,muf\ [dwf[efudk
aMumuf v ef Y í tomyk e f ; vQKd ; uG , f v QKd ; vk y f a eaom t&yf o l t &yf o m;rsm;onf yk e f ; atmif ; ae&mrS
toD;oD;xGufvmMuum &SD;xifcsdwfudk NyKpkay;Edkif&eftwGuf? y0gurf;ay;olurf;ay;? a&,lay;olu,l?
aq;xkwfay;oluay; vkyfMuonf/
0wfpkHNzLESifh vkvifysKdonf urf;ay;Muaom ypönf;rsm;teufrS y0gtenf;i,fESifh a&udk,lum
&SD;xifcsdwf\rsufESmay:rS aoG;paoG;ersm;udk okwfoifoefYpifay;onf/
vlwdkY\taNccH pdwfaepdwfxm;onf rw&m;rIudk rvdkvm;Muay/ w&m;rQwrIudkom vdkcsifMuonf/
raumif;onfudk rESpfouf/ aumif;Nrwfonfhtvkyfudkom vdkvm;Muonf/ þonfrSm vlUobm0yif/
vlom;wpfa,muftaeNzifhvnf; raumif;rIrsm;udk a&SmifMuOfNyD; trsm;aumif;usKd;? wdkif;Nynfaumif;usKd;?
rdrd\ywf0ef;usif aumif;usKd;udk rdrdwwfpGrf;orQ aqmif&GufzkdY vdktyfayonf/
rw&m;tEdkifusifhcH&oludk rdrdwdkYwwfpGrf;oavmuf az;rulnDay;rIonfvnf; vlom;pdwf&Sdaomolrsm;\
r&dk;Edkifaomvkyf&yfNzpfonf/
vlom;pdwfuif;rJhum tMuifemw&m;? arwåmw&m;acgif;yg;vSonfh wpfukd,faumif;orm;rsm;url
vlom;tcsif;csif; pmemaxmufxm;&rnfh usifh0wfESifh pdwf"mwfwdkYudk em;rvnfMuay/
ta&;vnf; rxm;Muay/
þvdkvlpm;rsKd;onf rdrdu tompD;&a&;udkom t"duxm;onf/ rdrdu tEdkif,lzdkUudkom OD;pm;ay;onf/
295
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrdudk NyefvnfwdkufckdufNcif; rNyKEdkifoludk wzufowftEdkifusifh&efvnf; 0efrav;Muay/
xdkvlpm;rsKd;onf &J&ifhwnfMunfonfh pdwf"mwfESifh owådrsm;vnf; r&SdMuay/
xdkvlpm;rsKd; vkyfavh&SdonfrSm rdrdxuftm;tifenf;yg;olrsm;udk tiftm;Nzifh EdkifxufpD;eif;NyKvkyfrIrsm;om
Nzpfayonf/
0wf p k H p d r f ; 0wf v l o k H ; a,muf r S m vnf ; wu,f w rf ; owd å p G r f ; yum;r&S d b J tm;enf ; ol w d k Y ud k o m
tEdkifusifhwdkufckdufcJhonfh wudk,faumif;orm; ol&JabmaMumifolrsm; Nzpfonf/
'DvdktEdkifusifh &efvdkwwfolrsm;udk vltrsm;u rkef;wD;Muonf/ rnfolrQ apwemr&Sd/
xdkolwdkY\ tiftm;ESifh t&Sdeft0gudkaMumufí tomNidrfaeaumif; aeMurnfNzpfaomfvnf; pdwfxJuawmh
xdkolwdkYtay: rausreyfESifh rkef;wD;aeayrnf/
wzufowf tEdkifusifhcH&ol &SD;xifcsdwftay:wGifvnf; pmempdwfNzifh u&kPmoufaeMuayonf/
,ck0wfpkHpdrf;wdkUudkESdrfeif; tEdkif,lEdkifol ay:vmNyDNzpfí &SD;xifcsdwftay: pmempdwf&Sdum rwwfombJ
MunfhaeMuolrsm;onf rdrdwkdY wwfpGrf;orQNzifh 0kdif;0ef;ulnDaeMuavNyD/
þonfrSmyif rw&m;rIudkrvdkvm;? wzufowfvuf&kH;tm;udk;Nzifh tEdkifusifhrIudk rkef;wD;aomolwdkY\
pdwfoabmazmfNycsufyifNzpfonf/
'Pf&mtemw&Nzpf&olNcif;twlwl &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf u&kPmydkaeMuaomfvnf; 0wfpkHpdrf;0wf
vlokH;a,mufwdkUudkrl ta&;vkyfrnfhol r&Sday/
0wf p k H N zLES i f h vk v if y sKd o nf aq;ynmvnf ; wwf u Rrf ; yk H &onf / &S D ; xif c sd w f \ 'Pf & mrsm;rS
aoG;rsm;wdwfoGm;atmif wcPtwGif;rSmyif NyKpkukoay;EdkifcJhonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f \ ud k , f a y:rS aoG ; aMumrsm;ud k ES d y f E S , f a y;vd k u f c sd e f w G i f aoG ; aMumrsm;wpf q d k Y um
twGif;tm;pkpnf;vnfywfí r&EdkifonfhtNzpfudkvnf; od&SdoGm;onf/
vkvifysKd rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/ vJusaeMuaom 0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlokH;a,mufbufokdYvnf;
rkef;wD;aomtMunfhNzifh wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
vlwpfa,mufudk vlokH;a,mufu 0dkif;0ef;tEdkifusifh wdkufcdkufaeonfudkNrif&í rausreyfNzpfcJhaom
vkvifysKdtzdkU tEdkifusifh wkdufcdkufNcif;cH&olonf twGif;tm;zsufqD;Ncif; cHxm;&olNzpfaMumif; od&aomtcg
ydkícHNyif;rdonf/
cHNyif;a'gopdwfudk tomcsKyfwnf;vdkufNyD;aemuf 0kdif;0ef;Munfh&IaeMuaom vlrsm;udk armfMunfhvsuf
om,mnif;aysmif;pGm pum;qdkonf/
]]'DvltwGuf pdwfrylMuygeJY? touftEÅ&m,fpdk;&drfp&m r&Sdawmhygbl;? owdomvpfaewmyg? rMumcif
Nyefaumif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f? olUudk aq;xnhfukoay;zdkY uRefawmfac:oGm;csifygw,f? vrf;z,fay;Muyg}}
0wfpkHNzL0wf vkvifysKdonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk ayGUac:um xkdae&mrS xGufcGmvmcJhonf/
&efMuLNrdKU av;bufav;wefwGif Z&yfMuD;rsm;&Sdonf/
tcsKdUZ&yfrsm;onf tawmftoifhaumif;rGefum tcsKdUrSmrl ysufpD;,kd,Gif;aeonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdonf &DS;xifcsdwfudk NrdKUaNrmufbuf&Sd Z&yfysufwpfckvdkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
xdkae&mrSm vloGm;vlvmuif;&Sif;onf/ at;at;aq;aq; tem;,laexdkifEdkifonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wf vkvifysKdonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk Z&yfa&SUcef;&Sd Murf;Nyifay:wGif oufawmifhoufom
csxm;ay;vdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm owdNyef&aeNyDNzpfonf/
rnfokdYrnfykH NzpfysufcJhonfudk aocsmrodao;aomfvnf; 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdu rdrdukd 0wfpkHpdrf;0wf
vlokH;a,muf\vufxJrS u,fwifvmcJhNcif;Nzpfrnf[líum; em;vnfonf/
]]tckvdk tultnDay;wm trsm;MuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aus;Zl;wifpum;qdkonf/
]]txl;taxG aus;Zl;wifp&m rvdkygbl;cifAsm? 'geJY b,fvdkvkyfNyD; [kdvl&rf;um;okH;a,mufeJY
wdkufcdkufcJh&wmvJ? aNymNyEdkifr,fqdk&if odyg&apvm;}}
296
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vkvifysKdu &nfrGefpGmar;onf/
rdrdudku,fwifvmolonf vrf;rSefokdif;orm;wpfa,muf Nzpfrnf[líum; &SD;xifcsdwf tuJcwfrdonf/
odkYaomf tNzpfrSeftwdkif; xkwfazmfaNymMum;&ef pdwfr&Jao;ay/
rd r d t ay: aus;Zl ; NyKxm;ol w pf a ,muf u d k vd r f v nf v S n f h p m;Ncif ; vnf ; rNyKvd k a omaMumif h
tqifaNyovdkomMunfhí taNzay;vdkufonf/
]]'DvlawGeJY &efNidK;&efpvnf; r&SdcJhygbl;? olwdkYudkvnf; tckrS awGUzl;wmyg? b,fvkdtwGufaMumifh
uRefawmfhudk &efNyKwdkufcdkufMuw,fqdkwm pOf;pm;vdkYawmif r&ygbl;}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdonf &SD;xifcsdwfaNymMum;onfrsm;udk tomyif em;axmifaeonf/
vkvifysKdonf tuif;yg;olwpfa,muf Nzpfonfhtwdkif; pdwfxJrSmrl wrsKd;pOf;pm;rdonf/
]]tvum; oufoufrJh taMumif;r&SdbJeJYawmh 0dkif;wdkufckduf &efpMur,frxifbl;? vlrSm;w,f
qdk&atmifuvnf; wu,fhudkoJoJrJrJwdkufcdkufaewm ightNrifbJ? {uEÅ igu rsufESmpdrf;NzpfaevdkY taMumif;rSefudk
raNymcsifwmNzpfr,f}}
vkvifysKdonf acgif;udktomndwfum ...
]]'DvlawGu w,fvnf;&rf;um;MuwmyJudk;}}
]][kwfw,f? rdwfaqGav;om a&mufvmNyD; rulnD&if uRefawmfNzifh toufeJYcE¨mudk,ftdk;pm;uGJ&rSm trSefyJ?
uRefawmfhemrnf &SD;xifcsdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f? rdwfaqGav;&JU emrnfuaum}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\ rsufESmay:wGif xl;Ncm;aom trlt&mwpfcsuf ay:vmonf/
xdkYaemuf rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;NyD; ...
]][dwf ... b,folawGvJ}}
vkvifysKd\ atmf[pfar;Nref;vdkufoH tqkH;wGif Z&yfa&SUokdYvlq,fa,muf a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
tcsdefrSm nrdk;csKyfaeNyDNzpfonf/ aumif;uifwGif vomaeaomfvnf; Z&yfywf0ef;usifwGif opfyifrsm;
tkyftkyfqdkif;qdkif;&Sdum csKHykwfrsm;vnf; aygrsm;aomaMumifh arSmif&dyfusonfhae&m tawmfrsm;onf/
Z&yf a &S U wG i f opf y if r sm;uif ; &S i f ; NyD ; va&mif a umif ; pG m xd k ; usaeaomaMumif h tawmf a v;
vif;vif;csif;csif;&Sdaeonf/
Z&yfa&SUokdY a&mufvmaom vlq,fa,mufteufrS acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlaom ykyk00vlMuD;wpfa,mufu
&,farmavSmifaNymifNyD; pwifpum;qdkonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;wdkYu 'DrSmvmNyD; tem;,laeMuwmudk;? aumif;ygavhuGm? aumif;ygavh?
'Dvdk eD;eD;em;em;rSm&Sdaeawmh igwdkYtzdkY a0;a0;vHvHvdkuf&Smaep&m rvdkawmhbl;aygh}}
]]bmbJ cifAsm;wkdYu vlpkvla0;tiftm;eJY uRefawmfhudk vmtEdkif,lMurvdkYvm;}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdu avoHat;at;Nzifh Nyefar;vdkufonf/
ykyk00vlMuD;u rcefYav;pm;trlt&mNzifh ...
]]tdk ... tdk ... 'DvdkraNymvdkufygeJY? rif;&JUodkif;ynm b,favmufNrifhrm;w,fqdkwm usKyfodygw,f?
usKyfvlawG[m rif;udk,SOfEdkifMurSm r[kwfygbl;}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; cifAsm;&JUtokH;ruswJhvlawGudk bmaMumifhac:vm&ovJ}}
]]uJ ... 'gawG xm;ygawmh? usKyfaNymwmudk aoaocsmcsm em;axmifprf;yg? armif&ifav;u bmaMumifh
udk,feJYrqdkifwJhudpörSm 0ifpGufzufcsif&wmvJ? udk,fhvrf;udk,foGm;wm aumif;vdrfhr,f? 'DvdkrSr[kwfbJ
rqdkifwJhudpörSmqufNyD; &Iyfaer,fqdk&ifawmh armif&ifav;twGuf tEÅ&m,fawG &SdvmEdkifw,faemf}}
]]rw&m;wJhvkyf&yfawGudk uRefawmfu Munfhraewwfbl;As? 'Dvdk vlwpfa,mufwnf;udk tkyfpktiftm;eJY
0dkif;tEdkifusifhwm odyfudkatmufwef;usw,f? 'gaMumifh 0ifpGufzuf&wmyJ? &Sif;NyDvm;}}
]]vlpGrf;aumif; u,fwif&SifMuD;&JU vufpGrf;vufpudkvnf; Munfhyg&apvm;}}
ykyk00vlMuD;onf cyfaighaighaNymum olUvlrsm;udk vufaNr§muftcsufay;vdkufonf/
wdkufcdkufrIponf/

297
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vuf e uf u d k , f p D u d k i f a qmif x m;aom od k i f ; orm;ig;a,muf 0wf p k H N zL0wf v k v if y sKd & S d & mok d Y
w[kefxdk;aNy;0ifvmMuonf/
rduk rf &J rf;um;vSonfh odik ;f orm;qd;k rsm;udk &ifqikd w f u kd cf u
kd Nf cif;Nzifo
h m qk;H r&onfukd 0wfpNHk zL0wfvv k ifysKd
odxm;avonf/
wzufrS &efolig;a,muf vIyf&Sm;onfESifh vkvifysKduvnf; wkHYaES;raeawmhay/
&kwfNcnf;yif vTm;ceJckefxGufum &efolig;a,mufudk &ifqdkifonf/
0wfpkHpdrf;0wf vlokH;a,mufESifh vkvifysKdwdkY wdkufcdkufcJhcsdefu &SD;xifcsdwfrSm owdvpfaecJh&m
vkvifysKd\odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfudk rNrifcJh&ay/
,ckrl rsuf0g;xifxif awGUNrif&avNyD/
ckefvTm;xGufoGm;[ef wpfuGufwnf;uyif tvGeftqifhNrifhvSonf/
od k Y aomf wzuf & ef o l i g;a,muf u vuf e uf u d k , f p D ud k i f a qmif x m;MuNyD ; vk v if y sKd u rl
vufeufrJhNzpfaeaomaMumifh tenf;i,fawmh pdk;&drfrdonf/
vk v if y sKd E S i f h vuf e uf u d k i f o k d i f ; orm;ig;a,muf w d k Y &if q d k i f r d o nf E S i f h apmapmyd k i f ; u
NidrfoufwdwfqdwfaecJhaom Z&yfywf0ef;usifonf csufcsif;yif wdkufckdufoHrsm; qlnHoGm;avawmhonf/
wzufu vufeufudk,fpDudkifaqmifxm;ol odkif;orm;ig;a,muf/
'DbufwGifrl rnfonfhvufeufrQ udkifrxm;aom Eke,fysKdrspfonfh vkvifysKdwpfa,mufwnf;/
tiftm;csif;u wNcm;pD/
odkY&mwGif vkvifysKdrSm odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf xufNrufvSonf/ wzufvlig;a,mufukd vkH;0ta&;rxm;/
oGufvufpGmyif vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufoGm;onf/ &efolokdif;orm;ig;a,mufrSm b,fvdkwdkufcdkuf&rnfrSef; rodawmh/
wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf csKyfzrf;um &kdufESufwGef;xkwfypfNcif; cHvdkufMu&onf/
xdkvlokH;a,mufwdkYonf um;ceJum;ceJ vGifhpOfxGufum aNrMuD;ay: vJusukefMuonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkYvlawG w,fnHhygvm;}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdu ykyk00vlMuD;udk vSrf;aNymvdkufonf/
vlig;a,mufteuf okH;a,mufvJusoGm;NyD;aemuf usefaeao;aom vlESpfa,mufrSm "m;&Snfrsm;udk
uspfuspfygatmif qkyfudkifum vkvifysKdudk MunfhaeMuonf/
vpf u G u f u d k acsmif ; aeonf h t oG i f r sKd ; Nzpf a omf v nf ; wu,f a wmh vk v if y sKd u d k &if q d k i f
rwdkuf&JawmhonfhtwGuf [efa&;om NyaeNcif;Nzpfayonf/
ykyk00vlMuD;u tomrsuf&dyfNyvdkuf&m olUab;em;wGif &Sdaeao;aom odkif;orm;av;a,mufteufrS
ESpfa,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY aNy;0ifoGm;Muonf/
rdrdwdkY vlESpfa,mufESifh 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdwdkY &ifqdkifaeMucsdefwGif wzufvSnfhNyD; rdrdwdkY
vdkcsifol&SD;xifcsdwfudk tvpf0ifzrf;Edkif&ef ykyk00vlMuD;u pDpOfMuHzefvdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
yg;eyfaom vkvifysKdonf ykyk00vlMuD;\ y&d,m,fqifuGufudk csufcsif;yif &dyfrdonf/
"m;&Snfudkif odkif;orm;ESpfa,mufteD;okdY vSpfceJaNy;uyfoGm;um olwdkY\vufrsm;rS "m;&Snfrsm;udk
vufvw G "f m;vkenf;Nzifh qwfceJv, k v
l suf &S;D xifcsw d x
f o
H Ydk aNy;0ifomG ;olEpS af ,mufxo H Ydk vSr;f ypfaygufvu kd o f nf/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif teD;&Sd&efolokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk taMumydwfypfvdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\ vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifykHrsm;onf tvGefyif oGufvufNrefqefvSonf/
&dyfceJ&dyfceJNzifh vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk qufwdkufyif NyKvdkufonf/
vkvifysKt d eD;wGi&f adS eaom odik ;f orm;ESpaf ,mufrmS vkvifysK\ d vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;udk aumif;pGmyif rNrifvu kd Mf u&/
vuf x J r S " m;&S n f r sm;vG w f x G u f u m wud k , f v k H ; usOf c eJ N zpf o nf u d k c H p m;&NyD ; aNcaxmuf r cd k i f a wmh b J
acG,kdifumvJusukefMuonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f u d k wzuf v S n f h N zif h trd z rf ; &ef a Ny;0if o G m ;Muol ES p f a ,muf r S m vnf ;
vkvifysKdvSrf;ypfaygufvdkufaom "m;&Snfrsm; txdrSefcH&NyD; vJusukefonf/
&efolq,fa,mufwGif ,cktcg okH;a,mufomusef&Sdaeayawmhonf/
298
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
Z&yfa&SUwGifNzpfay:aeaom vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufrIrsm;udk vlwpfa,mufonf csKHykwfwpfckaemufuG,fwGif
ykef;atmif;&if; tomacsmif;aNrmif;Munfh&Iaeonf/
xdkolonf &SD;xifcsdwf tcJraMuEdkifbJ tvGefawGUvdkvSol aNrmufckefckefyif Nzpfonf/
,cktcgwGif aNrmufckefckefonf &SD;xifcsdwfESifh vufzuf&nfMurf;qdkifwGif qkHrdpOfu&SdcJhaom
Adkuf&TJ&TJMuD;vnf; aysmufuG,faeavNyD/
aNrmufckefckefonf Nrif;xdef;orm;tcdkif;tapMuD;wpfa,muf toGifrsKd; &kyfaNymif;xm;onf/
aNrmufckefckef\ &kyfaNymif;ynmpGrf;rSm wu,fyif xufNruftqifhNrifhvSonf/
,cktcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwftaeESifh olUudkrsufESmcsif;qdkifrdvQifyif rSwfrdod&SdEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
aNrmufckefckefonf 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\ odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;[efrsm;udkMunfh&if; rsufarSmifMuKwfum
pdwfxJrS trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmaerdonf/
]]'Daumifav; okH;oGm;wm [kdeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifu odkif;q&mrMuD;0lpif&JU okdif;ynmawGyJ?
olU&JUokdif;uGufawG[m awmfawmfqef;w,f? 'Daumifav;u 0lpif&JYynmawGudk b,fvdkvkyf wwfuRrf;aewmvJ}}
aNrmufckefckefonf auseyfavmufaomtaNzudk pOf;pm;ír&EdkifaomaMumifh tawmfyif a'goxGufrdonf/
olonf qkH;NzwfcsufwpfckcsNyD;aemuf EIwfrS iSufatmfoHwpfck [pfaMuG;NyKvkyfvdkufonf/
ykyk00vlMuD;rsufESm uGufceJysufoGm;onf/
xdkiSufatmfoHrSm aemufNyefqkwf&ef tcsufay;vdkufoH Nzpfayonf/
olwYkd onf aNrmufcek ckf ek u f t kd m&kNH yKum 0wfpNHk zL0wfvv k ifysKdukd vma&muf&ifqikd Mf uNcif;Nzpfonf/ tu,fí
rdrdwdkYbufrS taNctaeqdk;vQif aNrmufckefckefudk,fwdkifxGufum wdkufyGJ0ifvmrnfudk tm;udk;arQmfvifhaeMuonf/
,ckrl aNrmufcek cf ek u f aemufqw k x f u
G cf mG oGm;awmhrnfNzpfaMumif; tcsuaf y;vmonft h wGuf tMuD;tus,f
aMumufvefYwkefvIyfoGm;&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdu ykyk00vlMuD;udk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; aNymvmonf/
]]uJ ... cifAsm;wdkYbufu pdwfwdkif;us vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufNyD;NyD? 'Dwpfcgawmh uRefawmfhtvSnfhyJ}}
yk y k 0 0vl M uD ; rS m pd w f " mwf u sum xd w f v ef Y aecsd e f w G i f vk v if y sKd \ pum;ud k Mum;&onf w G i f
a,mif,rf;umaemufokdYyif aNcwpfvSrf;qkwfvkdufrdonf/
]]b,fvdkvJ ... udk,fcH&awmhr,fh tvSnfhusawmh aMumufvefYNyD; aemufwGefUaeNyDvm;}}
vkvifysKdu rxDw&Dtrlt&mNzifh ceJYwJhwJhaNym\/
ykyk00vlMuD;rSm aemufqkwfxGufcGm&efvnf; tcGifhromaMumif;&dyfrdonfhtwGuf pGefYpm;wdkufcdkuf&ef
qkH;Nzwfvkdufonf/
]]0dkif;wkdufMu}}
ykyk00vlMuD;u EIwfrSatmf[pftrdefYay;NyD; usefaeao;aom olUvlESpfa,mufESifhtwl vkvifysKdudk
twif;0dkif;wdkufcdkufonf/
ykyk00vlMuD;u vkvifysKdudk a&SUwnfhwnfhrS "m;&SnfNzifh0ifxdk;onf/
usefESpfa,mufu "m;udk,fpDudkifum b,fbufESifhnmbufwdkYrS n§yfyl;n§yfydwf wdkufckdufMuonf/
&efolu okH;bufokH;wefrS NydKifwl0dkif;n§yfwdkufcdkufvmonfudk taumif;qkH;&ifqdkifenf;rSm aemufodkY
aNcwpfvSrf;qkwfum wzuf&efol\ wdkufppft[kefudk a&Smif&Sm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
aemufqw k rf ay;onft h Nyif a&SUodYk yif aNcESpv f rS ;f vSr;f wufum a&SUbufrw S u
kd cf u
dk vf monfh yky0k 0vlMuD;\
"m;&Snfudkifxm;aomnmvufudk qwfceJ &dkufykwfwifvdkufonf/
b,fbufnmbufrSn§yfum wdkufckdufMuolESpfa,mufrSm &kwfw&ufypfrSwfaysmufoGm;onfhtwGuf
tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmfESifh aMumiftrf;trf;NzpfoGm;Muonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdu b,fbufrS 0ifwdkufcdkufvmoludk aNcysHwpfcsufNzifh uefxkwfvdkufNyD;
nmbufrSwdkufckdufvmoludkrl qwfceJqGJ,la0SU,rf; wGef;xkwfypfvkdufNyefonf/

299
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vk v if y sKd u qG J , l a 0S U ,rf ; vd k u f a omvl o nf yk y k 0 0vl \ "m;csuf v rf ; aMumif ; a&S U wnf h w nf h o d k Y
wdk;0ifvmonf/ ykyk00vlonf uref;uwef;yif "m;csufudk Nyefxdef;aomfvnf; rrDawmh/ udk,fhvludk,f
Nyefvnfckwfydkif;rdoGm;avawmh\/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\ xl;Ncm;aom odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;ykHrsm;udkMunfhum
tawmfyiftHhMoaeonf/
vkvifysKd\ odkif;uGufrsm;u wrlqef;aeaomaMumifhwnf;/
rd r d w wf a Nrmuf x m;aom e*g;NzLu0d r aemok d i f ; ynmES i f h qef Y usif b uf o abmrsKd ; &S d a eonf u d k
olawGUae&onf/
wzufvu l kd rdr&d &wdu
k cf udk &f rnft h uGurf sKd;wGif vkvifysKdu vk;H 0wdu k cf ukd Nf cif;rNyKbJ a&Smifxu G w f wfonf/
wzufvludk rnfodkYrQ0ifa&mufwdkufckduf&efroifhaom taNctaersKd;wGifrl twif;ZGwfwdk;um wdkufcdkufwwfonf/
odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;aNymif;vJykHrsm;u tvGefyifNrefqefonf/ tm;tifNyif;xefrIxuf NrefqefrIudk
ydktav;xm;onf/ xdkYNyif tm;tifpdkufxkwfum tokH;cs&rIrsm;rSmvnf; tvGefyifenf;yg;onf/
wzufom; wdkufckdufvmaom tm;tift&Sdeft[kefudk tm;aNymif;tm;,lenf;Nzifh aNymif;vJtokH;csum
wdkufckdufoGm;onfu rsm;ayonf/
xdkYNyif wrsKd;xl;Ncm;onfrSm wzufvl\wdkufckdufrIu NrefvQif 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\wdkufckdufrIu
ydkNrefoGufvufum wzufvlwdkufckdufrIaES;vQif ydkrdkaES;auG;av;zifhoGm;wwfonf/
vkvifysKdtokH;NyKoGm;aom odkif;uGufokdif;[efvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh wpfMudrfwpfcgrQyif
rNrifzl;rawGUzl;atmif qef;Nym;vSaom odkif;ynmrsm; Nzpfaeonf/
xdkolonf rnfonfh*dkPf;tzGJUu odkif;rsKd;qufNzpfrnfenf;[lívnf; olawG;awmtaNz&SmMunfhaerdonf/
odkY&mwGif vkvifysKd\ odkif;ynmZpfNrpfudk rnfokdYrQ pl;prf;Munfhí r&EdkifcJhay/
&SD;xifcsdwfu xdkokdYawG;awma0zefMunfhaecsdefrSmyif 0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdonf wzufvlokH;a,mufudk
tNywftowfyif acsrIef;tEdkif,lvdkufNyD; NzpfoGm;onf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKdonf wzuf&efolrsm;udk tEdkif,lacsrIef;NyD;aemuf Z&yfay:okdY Nyefwufvmonf/
]uRefawmf enf;enf;Murf;oGm;rdw,fAsm? b,fvdkrSawmh ratmufarhygeJY}}
vkvifysKdu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tm;wkHYtm;em[efNzifh aNym\/
]]'Dvv kd nf; b,f[w k rf vJAsm? &efrv l mwJoh u l kd wefNyefwukd cf u
kd &f wmyJ? olwYkd uMurf;vmawmh ud, k u
f vnf;
NyefMurf;&rSmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNzodrfhpum;NyefvnfaNymMum;onf/
]]tif; ... 'Dvdkqdkawmhvnf; uRefawmfhtzkdY pdwfoufom&wmaygh? &efrlr,fhvlawGvnf; r&SdMuawmhygbl;?
at;at;omtem;,lyg}}
0wfpkHNzL0wfvkvifysKd\ taNymtqdktrlt&mwkdYrSm tawmfyif odrfarGYonf/
apmapmu Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf; wdkufckdufcJhykHudk udk,fawGUrsufNrifr[kwfvQif vlaysmhwpfa,muf[k
xifrdrnfrvGJay/
]]cifAsm;&JU aus;Zl;awGuawmh uRefawmfhtay: xyfwifoGm;NyefNyDAsm? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;&JU emrnfudkawmh
uRefawmfrod&ao;bl;}}
]]emrnfqdkwm vlwpfa,muftwGuf ynwfcsuf trSwftom;wpfckygyJ? tck emrnfudk armifNzLvdkYaNymNyD;
awmfMum&if armifeDvdkY aNymcsif&ifvnf; &wmygyJ? emrnfqdkwmxuf vlukd,fwdkifu ydkta&;MuD;ygw,fav}}
]]cifAsm;aNymwmu [kwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh vlwpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf rdwfaqGppf rdwfaqGrSeftNzpf
owfrSwfqufqHMuwJhtcgrsKd;rSmusawmh wzufvl&JU ynwfemrnfudk odxm;&if ydkraumif;bl;vm;}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmfhudk usef;a&SmifzkefvdkY ac:Edkifygw,f}}
usef;a&Smifzkefqdkaom trnfonf tvGefyif,Ofaus;Eke,fvSonf/ rdef;uav;vnf; qefaeonf/
omref t aNctaewG i f aysmh a ysmh E G J Y EG J Y El ; nH h o d r f a rG U vS o l E S i f h vd k u f z uf a omemrnf N zpf o nf [ k
&Sd;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
300
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'geJY pum;rpyf ar;&OD;r,f? cifAsm;&JUaoG;aMumawG wpfqdkYNyD; twGif;tm;pkpnf;vnfywfvdkY r&wmu
bmaMumifhvJ}}
usef;a&SmifzkeftaeNzifh 'Dvdkar;cGef;rsKd; ar;vdkaeaomfvnf; tcGifhromaomaMumifh rar;cJh&ay/
,cktaNctae at;aq;oGm;onfhtwGuf ar;vdkonfhar;cGef;udk &kd;&dk;&Sif;&Sif; xkwfazmfar;vdkufNcif;
Nzpfayonf/
]]&kyfaNymif;0dZÆmaNrmufckefckef&JU vufcsufaMumifhygyJ}}
usef;a&Smifzkefonf vrf;rSefodkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfNyD; rdrdtay:wGifvnf; wu,fapwemxm;um
umuG,fulnDay;aMumif; em;vnfcJhNyDrdkY &SD;xifcsdwfu tNzpfrSeftwdkif;yif xkwfaNymvdkufonf/
]]aNrmufckefckefrSm 'DavmuftqifhNrifhwJh vufpGrf;vufprsKd; &SdvdkYvm;}}
usef;a&Smifzkefu tHhMo[efNzifh Nyefar;onf/
]]&Syd gw,f? b,fvv kd yk Nf yD; 'DavmuftqifNh rifw
h yhJ nm &xm;w,fqw kd mudak wmh uRefawmfrodygbl;? NyD;awmh
tck w avmrS m aNrmuf c k e f c k e f u ynmrmef 0 if h N yD ; &rf ; um;wd k u f c k d u f a ewJ h owif ; awG u d k a um cif A sm;
Mum;rdr,fxifygw,f}}
]]tif; ... Mum;awmh Mum;rdygw,f? 'gayr,fh aNrmufckefckef[m tvum;ae&if; &rf;um;wkdufckdufaew,f
qdkwmudkawmh uRefawmfoHo,Nzpfrdw,f? ol[m vlawmfwpfa,mufr[kwfayr,fh vlnhHwpfa,mufvdkY rqdkEdkifbl;?
tvum;ae&if; olYtay:&efrsm;vmapEdkifr,fh &rf;um;wmrsKd;udk vkyfyghrvm;vdkY uRefawmfpOf;pm;rdw,f}}
EIdif;EIdif;csdefcsdef pOf;pm;awG;qwwfaom usef;a&Smifzkef\pum;rsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwf av;pm;rdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrd\twGif;tm;tzsufqD;cH&cJhrIaMumifh aNrmufckefckeftay: rkef;wD;aerdonf/ xdkYaMumifh
Mum;od&aom &rf;um;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;twGuf aNrmufckefckefudk tqdk;Nrifum tNypfykHcsaerdonf/ usef;a&Smifzkef
awG;ovdk rawG;rdcJhay/
]]tif; ... cifAsm;aNymwmvnf; pOf;pm;p&mygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;udk qwfceJndwfNyD; aNymav\/
]]b,fvkdyJNzpfNzpfav aNrmufckefckefudkawmh awGUatmifvkdufpkHprf;&SmazG&rSmyJ}}
]]cifAsm;vnf; uRefawmhfudk 0ifulnDay;cJhwmaMumifh tEÅ&m,frsm;vmNyDaemf}}
]]tif ; ... tEÅ & m,f a wmh rsm;vmEd k i f w maygh ? 'gayr,f h rw&m;wmawG u d k a wG U &if uRef a wmf
'Dtwdkif;MunfhraeEdkifbl;}}
usef;a&Smifzkef\pum;rSm &dk;om;um &Sif;vif;vSonf/ pdwfoabmt&if;cHtwdkif; bGif;bGif;&Sif;&Sif;
xkwfaNymvdkufaompum;rsm;yif Nzpfonf/
avmuMuD;wGif aNzmifrh eS w f nfMunf&;kd om;rIonf rnfonft h cgwGirf qdk rGeNf rwfoefYpifaernfom Nzpfonf/
]]olUudkawmh owdxm;zkdYvdkvdrfhr,f? txifao;vdkYr&bl;}}
]]aNrmufckefckefruvkdY olUxuftNyefw&m tpGrf;tp&SdwJhvleJY &ifqdkif&&ifvnf; uRefawmfraMumufygbl;?
trSefw&m;bufu &yfwnfwdkufyGJ0ifwmyJ? toufaocsifaooGm;ygap? enf;enf;av;rSawmif rwkefvIyfbl;?
uJ ... cifAsm;vnf; tawmfyifyef;aeygNyD? pdwfat;vufat;om tem;,lvdkufygawmh? bmudkrS pdk;&drfraeeJY?
taESmifht,Sufay;r,fh &efolawGay:vm&if uRefawmf Munfh&Sif;vdkufr,f}}
usef;a&Smifzkefonf xdkodkYaNymNyD;aemuf Z&yfteD;0ef;usifrS opfudkif;aNcmufrsm;udk aumuf,lvmum
rD;ykHwpfckNyKvkyfay;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfudk rD;ykHtem;wGif aEG;aEG;axG;axG; vJavsmif;tdyfpufaeaponf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrdukd,frdrdvnf; qef;ppfMunfhrdonf/
usef;a&SmifzkefESifh pwifawGU&Sdpu oHo,pdwftenf;i,fNzpfum xdrfcsefaNymqdkcJhonfhtwGuf udk,fhudk,fudk
&Sufvmrdonf/
rd r d o nf pd w f x m;usOf ; aNrmif ; um usef ; a&S m if z k e f t ay:wG i f ,k H M unf r I t Nynf h t 0r&S d b J
,kHxifaMumifxifoabmyif &SdcJhrdonfr[kwfygvm;/

301
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rD;ykHab;wGif tomvJavsmif;&if; olUb0taMumif;udk NyefpOf;pm;rdonf/
vlrSef;odwwfpt&G,frS ,ckvuf&Sd taNctaetxdNzpfpOfrsm;u rsufvkH;tdrfwGif ykH&dyfrsm;tNzpf
xif[yfvmonf/
xdktcsdefwGif usef;a&Smifzkefonf Z&yfatmufokdY tomqif;oGm;onf/
Z&yfay:wGifrtdyfbJ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh Z&yfatmufokdY qif;oGm;&onfqdkNcif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf
rar;vdkufrday/
rdrdpdwfat;vufat; tem;,lEdkifatmif Z&yfatmufodkYoGm;um apmifhMuyfay;Ncif;Nzpfrnf[líom
awG;rdonf/
]]tif; ... aNrmufckefckefu usef;a&Smifzkefudk tcJausrSmr[kwfbl;? wenf;r[kwfwenf; tMuHxkwfNyD;
'ku©ay;OD;rSmyJ? aNrmufckefckefudk,fwdkifxGufvmNyD; y&d,m,fqifwdkufcdkuf&if usef;a&Smifzkef &ifqdkifEdkifyghrvm;?
iguvnf; twGif;tm;pkpnf;vdkYr&bl;qdkawmh olUudkb,fvdkrS tultnDray;Edkifbl;? cufwmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf usef;a&SmifzkeftwGuf awG;awmylyef&if;u zdeyfpD;xm;aom aNcaxmufrsm;udk
ikHYMunfhrdonf/
]][Gef; ... rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif[m odkif;avmuudk vTrf;rdk;Edkifr,f bmnmeJY? tckawmh bmudkrSNzpfaNrmufatmif
rpGrf;aqmifEdkifygvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf pdwfysufvufysuf usdwfí a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
vJavsmif;ae&mrS tomxxdkifonf/ zdeyfrsm;udkcRwfum aNcz0g;ESpfzufwGif&Sdaeonfh rSJYeufrsm;udk
ikHYMunfhvdkufonf/
rdrd\aNcz0g;wzufpDwGif rSJYeufav;vkH;pD&SdaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwfodaomfvnf; xdkrSJY&SpfvkH;udk
aoaocsmcsmMunfh&Izl;Ncif; r&SdcJhay/
]]awmuf ... rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifwJh? bmrsm;tokH;usvdkYvJ? 'DrSJYawG&SdwmaMumifh [kda&Smif'Dwdrf;vkyfae&?
b0wavQmufvkH;rSm tEÅ&m,fawG&ifqdkifae&eJY? 'DrSJYawGr&SdatmifzsufypfvdkY&&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rSJYwpfvkH;udk vufñId;Nzifhzdxdk;um ukwfNcpfMunfhvdkufrdonf/
xdkwcPrSmyif xl;Ncm;aomtNzpfwpfck &kwfw&ufay:vmonf/
rS J Y w pf v k H ; ud k vuf ñ I d ; Nzif h z d x d k ; uk w f N cpf v d k u f o nf E S i f h ol \ nmbuf a Ncovk H ; onf &k w f w &uf
usOfceJNzpfoGm;onfudk cHpm;vkduf&onf/
aNrmufckefckef\ yOövufewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufaMumifh udk,fcE¨mtwGif;&Sd aoG;aMumuGuftawmfrsm;rsm;wGif
aoG;vnfywfrIraumif;bJ wpfqdkYrmausmae&m aNcovkH;onf taMumaoovdkNzpfvsuf rnfonfhcHpm;rIrsKd;udkrQ
rcHpm;&bJ &SdaecJhonf/
,ckrl rSJYwpfvkH;udk vufñId;Nzifh zdxdk;ukwfNcpfvdkuf&kHESifh aNcovkH;wGif aoG;wdk;vnfywfvmonfhoabmrsKd;
usOfceJcHpm;vdkuf&onfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfav; tHhMooGm;&onf/
]]'g b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ? w,fxl;qef;ygvm;}}
pdwfxJwGif xdkokdYpOf;pm;rdNyD; aemufxyfrSJUeufwpfvkH;udk vufñId;Nzifh zdxdk;ukwfNcpfvdkufNyefonf/
b,fbufvufarmif;wGif &kwfw&uf tyfcRefuav;aygif;rsm;pGmESifh wNydKifwnf; xdk;pdkufovdk
ppfceJcHpm;vdkuf&Nyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tawmfyifpdwf0ifpm;oGm;um rdrd\aNcz0g;rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;wdkY\ wnfaeykHudk aoaocsmcsm
Munfh&Irdonf/
rS J Y euf & S p f v k H ; wd k Y onf xuf a umif ; uif & S d Mu,f w m&meu© w f r sm;? N*d K [f o G m ;N*d K [f v m
vrf;aMumif;oP²mefrsm;ES,f xl;qef;pGm&Sdaeonfudk awGU&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNcz0g;rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;wdkYudkMunfh&if; rsufarSmifMuKwfum pOf;pm;aerdonf/

302
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usef ; a&S m if z k e f o nf Z&yf a &S U aNruG u f v yf a y:wG i f wpf a ,muf w nf ; acguf w k H Y acguf N yef
vrf;avQmufíaeonf/
olUwoufwmwGif olpdrf;w&HqHwpfa,mufESifh twlwuG &if;&if;ESD;ESD; aezl;Ncif;r&SdcJhay/
xdkYNyif &SD;xifcsdwf wzufvludk pl;pl;pdkufpkdufMunfhwwfaom tMunfhrsm;uvnf; usef;a&Smifzkefudk
wrsKd;taetxdkif cufapcJhonf/
xd k p l ; &S a omtMunf h u d k tNrif u wf N cif ; awmh r[k w f a y/ aMumuf o nf [ k v nf ; rqd k o myg/
pl;&SaomtMunfhaMumifh tae&txkdif&cufaponfh taNctaersKd;omvQif Nzpfayonf/
xkdYaMumifhvnf; usef;a&Smifzkefonf &SD;xifcsdwfESifhtwl qufvufpum;aNymqdkNcif; rNyKawmhbJ
Z&yfatmufokdYqif;um wpfa,mufwnf; at;at;vlvl vrf;avQmufaeNcif; Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh oduRrf;&Ncif;twGufawmh aysmfovdkvdk&Sdrdonf/
woufwmwGif &if;ESD;cifrifaomrdwfaqG r&Sdzl;ao;onfh usef;a&Smifzkefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk rdwfaqGaumif;
wpfa,muftNzpf cifrifrdonf/
olonf vrf;avQmufvdkuf? aumif;uifwGif xGef;vif;awmufyaeaom vrif;ESifh Mu,ftaygif;udk
MunfhvdkufESifh wpfa,mufwnf; at;csrf;pGm tcsdefNzKef;aerdonf/
xdktckduf NzLazG;aom t&dyfoP²mefwpfckudk &kwfw&ufNrifvdkuf&aomaMumifh &ifxJwGifxdwfceJNzpfum
vSrf;íMunfhvdkufonf/
aoaocsmcsmMunfv h u
kd af omtcgwGirf l apmapmu Nrifvu dk &f aom tNzLa&mift&dyo f P²mefwpfcu k kd vSpcf eJ
Nrifvdkuf&Nyefonf/
usef;a&Smifzkefonf tñdka&mift&dyfoP²mef Nrifvdkuf&onfhbufokdY aoaocsmcsm vSrf;MunfhNyefonf/
tñdka&mift&dyfoP²mefudk rNrif&awmhay/
ta&miftqif; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdaom t&dyfoP²mefwdkYonf [kdae&mwGif &dyfceJay:vmvdkuf? aysmufoGm;vdkuf?
'Dae&mwGif wzef &dyfceJay:vmvdkuf? NyefaysmufoGm;vkdufESifh trsKd;rsKd;Nzpfay:aeonf/ usef;a&SmifzkefrSm
a'goxGufvmovdk &ifxJwGifvnf; w'def;'def;ckefvmonf/ vlomrefqdkvQif rnfolUudkrqdk &ifqdkif&Jaomfvnf;
,ckawGUae&olonf vlom;pifppfrS [kwfygavp[k awmifawmiftDtDawG;um pdwfacsmufcsm;vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rsufarSmifMuKwfum pOf;pm;aeonf/
xdkYaemuf pdwful;wpfck&onfESifh rSJY&SpfvkH;wdkYudk wpfckNyD;wpfck vufñId;ESifh zdxdk;Munfhonf/
rSJYeufwpfckudk zdxdk;vdkufwkdif; cE¨mudk,ftpdwftydkif; wae&m&mwGif tyfcRefuav;rsm;ESifh xdk;qGovdk
wppfppfcHpm;&onf/
rSJYeufwpfckudk zdxdk;Ncif;onf udk,fcE¨may:&Sd aoG;aMumuGufwae&m&mudk xdk;qGEId;ay;onfhoabmrsKd;
Nzpfaeovm;[k &SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif qifNcifrdonf/
rSJYeufESpfckudk NydKifwlzdxdk;MunfhNyefonf/ udk,fcE¨may:&Sd rwlaom ae&mtpdwftydkif;av;ckwGif
aoG;rsm;vIyf&Sm;[efNzifh wppfppf emusifoGm;ovdkvdk cHpm;&onf/
]]rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk wNydKifeufwnf; zdxdk;vdkuf&if b,fvdkNzpfoGm;rvJ? ighudk,fcE¨mu wpfqdkYaewJh
aoG;aMumuGuf ae&mawG aNyyGifhacsmarGUukefEdkifrvm;? tif; ... xdk;qGwJhtcgrSm tm;Nyif;NyD; xda&mufzdkYawmh
vdkvdrfhr,fxifw,f? tck igxdk;qGay;aewJh tiftm;avmufeJYawmh &Edkifr,f rxifbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf xdkokdYawG;awmaecsdefrSmyif usef;a&Smifzkef\ tvefYwMum; atmf[pfaNymqdkoH ay:vmonf/
]][dwf ... b,folvJ? xGufcJhprf;}}
toH r S m tenf ; i,f w k e f , if a eonf / pd w f x J w G i f wk e f v I y f a csmuf c sm;ae&mrS
vSrf;atmfar;Nref;vdkufNcif;NzpfaMumif; odomEdkifonf/
usef;a&Smifzkefwpfa,muf xl;qef;aom&efolESifh &ifqdkifwdk;ae&NyDudk &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfvdkufonf/
usef ; a&S m if z k e f v d k &J & if h w nf M unf N yD ; owå d a umif ; ol w pf a ,muf y if xd w f v ef Y wk e f v I y f a eonf h t wG u f
a&mufvmaom&efolonf omrefr[kwfbJ tvGefyif aMumufp&maumif;rnfrSm aocsmonf/

303
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Z&yftNyifbuf&Sd usef;a&Smifzkefudk vSrf;tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/ usef;a&Smifzkefonf
xdwfvefYwkefvIyfonfhtoGifNzifh [kdMunfhvdkuf 'DMunfhvdkufvkyfaeonfudk Nrif&onf/
&efoludkum; rawGU&ao;ay/
]]usef;a&Smifzkef Munfh&wm tawmfaMumufaeykHyJ? 'D&efoludk olwpfa,mufwnf; b,fenf;eJYrS
&ifqdkifvkdYr&Edkifbl;? iguvnf; tcktaNctaersKd;eJY b,fvdkvkyfulnDay;EdkifrSmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmvkyf&rnfrSef;rodbJ trsKd;rsKd;om pOf;pm;taNz&SmMunfhaerdonf/
rD;ykHxJwGif xnfhoGif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf usef;a&Smifzkef pkykHxm;aom opfudkif;aNcmufrsm;? opfwkH;rsm;udk
vSrf;Munfhrd&mrS pdwfxJwGif tMuHwpfck&vmonf/
]]ighaNcz0g;u rSJUeuf&SpfvkH;udk opfudkif;cRefawGeJY awhaxmufxm;NyD; tay:utm;Nyif;Nyif;eJY zdcsvdkuf&&if
ighukd,fay:u wpfqdkYrmausmaewJh aoG;aMumawG aNyyGifhukefEdkifr,fxifw,f? bmyJNzpfNzpf 'Dtwdkif;aewmxuf
pGefYpm;NyD; prf;Munfh&if aumif;vdrfhr,f? atmifNrif&iftNrwf? ratmifNrif&if ighaNcz0g;rSm 'Pf&m enf;enf;
avmuf&&kHyJ}}
xdkokdYawG;awmrdcsdefrSmyif usef;a&Smifzkef\ atmf[pfar;Nref;oHu xyfrHay:vmNyefonf/
]][dwf ... owåd&Sd&if xGufvmcJh? 'Dvdkawmh aNcmufvSefYraeeJY}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf awGa0pOf;pm;raebJ vufñId;cefYtvkH;wkwfNyD; ckdifcHhrmausmaom opfudkif;aNcmuf
&Spfck&&Sdatmif tNrefqkH; a&G;cs,fxkwf,lonf/
xdkYaemuf opfukdif;aNcmuf wzuftcRefrsm;udk zdeif;csrnfNyKvdkufcsdefrSmyif wpkHw&mudk pOf;pm;rdum
tomwkHY&yfxm;vdkufonf/
ud k , f c E¨ m wpf c k v k H ; \ zd t m;ud k tok H ; NyKum eif ; csvd k u f v Qif awh x m;aomae&mrsm;
vGJacsmfcsifvGJacsmfoGm;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf awhxm;aom opfudkif;aNcmufrsm; usKd;vQif usKd;oGm;Edkifonf/
tm;Nyif;vnf;&atmif? awhxm;rIvnf; vGJacsmfroGm;&atmif? opfudkif;aNcmufrsm;vnf; usKd;roGm;&atmif
rnfokdYvkyf&rnfenf;/
taNctaerSmvnf; tvGefta&;MuD;aeonf/ tcsdefqdkif;ír&/
usef ; a&S m if z k e f &if q d k i f w k d u f c d k u f a e&aom &ef o l M uD ; onf tcsd e f r a&G ; yif xG u f a y:vmum
wdkufckduf&efNyKEdkifonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm pdk;&drfylyefpdwf avmMuD;pdwfwkdYaMumifh wudk,fvkH;wGif acR;rsm;pkd&TJí aeonf/
]]'Dvdkzdeif;cswmxuf aNczrdk;ay:udk opfwkH;wpfckckeJY &dkufcsvdkufwmu ydkaumif;r,fxifw,f}}
xdo k Ydk awG;awmrdonft h wGuf tawmfMuD;rm;av;vHaom opfw;Hk wpfcu k kd aumuf,u l m b,fnmESpzf ufwiG f
udkifxm;vkdufonf/
aNczrdk;rsm;ay:odkY opfwkH;Nzifh &dkufcs&efudkum; &kwfw&uf rvkyfEdkifao;bJ csDwkHcswkHESifh Nzpfaeao;onf/
xdkifaetaumif;om;? xoGm;rS usKd;rSef;odqdkovdk rdrd\vkyf&yfonf rdrdwGufxm;ovdk tusKd;r&SdbJ
rvdkvm;tyfonfh MuD;rm;aom qdk;usKd;tEÅ&m,frsm; ay:aygufvmrnfudkvnf; awG;ylrdao;onf/
rd r d b 0twG u f aumif ; vmrnf v m;? qd k ; &G m ;oG m ;aprnf v m; qd k o nf u d k v nf ; &S D ; xif c sd w f
twdtusrcefUrSef;Edkifay/
xdktcsdefrSmyif usef;a&Smifzkef\ xdwfvefUwMum; atmf[pfoH ay:vmNyefonf/
]][dwf ... xGufvmcJhav? owdå&Sd&if xGufvmcJh}}
xdktoHonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ csDwkHcswkHNzpfaeaompdwfudk Nywfom;oGm;atmif vkyfay;vdkufovdkNzpfonf/
pOf;pm;awGa0aerIrsm;? wGefYqkwfqkwfNzpfaerIrsm;onf ae&SdefatmufwGif ESif;pufrsm;aysmufovdk
aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf bmbmnmnm pOf;pm;awG;awmraeawmhbJ vufwGifudkifxm;aom opfwkH;udk
aNczrdk;ay:odkY wtm;ukef ypfcsvdkufavawmhonf/
aNcz0g;ay:&Sd rSYJ &pS vf ;Hk wGif awhaxmufxm;aom opfuikd ;f aNcmuftcRefrsm;u rSYJ &pS v f ;Hk &Sad eaom ae&m&Spcf u k kd
wlnDaomtm;tifrsm;Nzifh zdaxmufxdk;rdMuonf/
304
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
þtcgwGif ...
&SD;xifcsdwfudk,fay:&Sd rwlnDaomudk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif; aNcmufq,fhav;ck&Sd wpfqdkYrmausmaeaom
aoG;aMumuGufae&mrsm;wGif tyfcRefav;rsm;pGmNzifh xdk;pkdufvdkufovdk wppfppfemusifvmonf/
wud, k v f ;Hk &Sad oG;aMumrsm; aygufuyJG iG x hf u
G u
f ek Mf uNyD[k pdwxf w J iG f xifrad vmufatmifyif emusifrt I &Sed u
f
Nyif;vSonf/ wukd,fvkH; ylxlvmonf/ rsufvkH;xJwGifvnf; rD;yGifha&mifpkHrsm; vif;vufaeawmhonf/
aumif;pGmyif &yfaeEdkifNcif;r&Sdawmh/ udk,fcE¨monf tpdwfpdwfuGJxGufukefovdk cHpm;ae&\/
urÇmMuD;wpfckvkH; csmcsmvnfukefNyDvm;/ rwfwwf&yfae&mrS 0kef;ceJvJusoGm;um Z&yfMurf;Nyifay:wGif
vl;vdrfhaeawmhonf/
]]igawmh rSm;oGm;NyD? 'ku©ygyJ ... 'ku©ygyJ}}
emusifrI? aMumufvefYrI? ylyefrIwdkYNzifhNynfhodyfum &SD;xifcsdwf\OD;aESmufwpfckvkH; aygufuGJvkrwwf
ylxloGm;awmhonf/
odkY&mwGif ...
tcsdefMumMum rcHpm;vdkuf&/
wdkawmif;vSaom tcsdeftwGif;rSmyif wudk,fvkH;udk axmifaomif;ruaom tyfcRefav;rsm;ESifh
wNydKifeufwnf; txdk;cHvdkuf&ovdk wppfppfemusifaerIrsm; wNznf;Nznf; ,kwfavsmhyaysmufoGm;onf/
xdktcgwGifrS rdrd0wfxm;aom t0wftpm;rsm;wGif rD;cJrsm;uyfNidaeonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf owdNyKrdonf/
apmapmydkif;u emusifrIrsm;aMumifh vl;vSdrfhrd&m rD;ykHay:Nzwfvl;vSdrfhrdonfhtwGuf rD;cJawGuyfNidaeNcif; Nzpfayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf t0wftpm;rsm;wGif uyfNidaeaom rD;cJrsm;udk ykwfcwfz,f&Sm;ypfvdkufNyD;aemuf Z&yftNyifbufodkY
vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ NrifuGif;u olU&ifxJ xdwfceJNzpfoGm;aponf/
usef;a&Smifzek o f nf &efoEl iS &hf ifqikd af wGUae&avNyD/ &ifqikd af wGU&&ko H mru 0wfpNHk zL0wfxm;onfh xd&k efou l kd
r,SOfEdkifbJ tcsKyfzrf;yif cHae&aomaMumifhwnf;/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf usef;a&SmifzkeftwGuf pdk;&drfoGm;onf/ vJusae&mrS vTm;ceJ ckefxvdkufonf/
pdwfaqmifaeaomaMumifhvm; rod? ckefvTm;xvdkuf&mwGif av;av;yifyif Nzpfrae/ ayghyg;pGm
aNrmufMuGwufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf wkHUqdkif;pOf;pm;raeawmhbJ Z&yfatmufodkY taNy;yifqif;vmcJhonf/
ol U aNcaxmuf r sm;onf wk H Y q d k i f ; qk d i f ; Nzpf r aeawmh / tvG e f a ygh y g;aeonf / aNy;qif ; oG m ;onf h
t&Sdeft[kefuvnf; aNrmufckefckefvufcsufNzifh twGif;tm;rsm; rysufpD;rDtcsdefuxufyif ydkíNrefaeonf/
aNcaxmufESifhMurf;Nyif xdonf[kyif rxif&/ avxJwGif 0JysHoGm;onfhtvm; xifrSwfae&onf/
xdkrQavmuf NrefqefpGmaNy;qif;oGm;onfudkyif oltm;r&Edkif/ 0wfpkHNzL\vufxJwGif tcsKyfzrf;cHae&aom
usef;a&SmifzkefxHokdY tvsiftNref a&mufvdkvSNyD/
rd r d r S m aNrmuf c k e f c k e f \ vuf c suf a Mumif h aoG ; aMumrsm;wpf q d k Y um twG i f ; tm;pk p nf ; r&onf h
taNctaewGif&SdonfqdkNcif;udk arhavsmhaeonf/
aNcz0g;ay:wGif&Sdaeaom rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk opfudkif;aNcmufrsm;Nzifh xdk;qGcJhonfhtNzpfudkvnf; owdr&Edkif/
olUpdwftm&kHwGif usef;a&Smifzkefudk 0wfpkHNzL\vufxJrS t&u,fwifay;a&; wpfckwnf;omvQif&Sdaeonf/
aNy;ae&mrS tNrefa&mufvdkaZmNzifh &kwfw&uf ckefvTm;vkdufNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ udk,fcE¨monf ayghyg;pGmaNrmufwufum wcPtwGif;rSmyif usef;a&SmifzkefwdkUteD;okdY
a&muf&SdoGm;awmhonf/
]][dwf ... vTwfvdkufprf;}}
usef;a&SmifzkefwdkY teD;okdYa&mufvmonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfu atmf[pfaigufirf;vdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlonf aemufokdYvSnfhyifrMunfh/ aemufNyefvuf0g;wpfcsufom qD;MudK&dkufxkwfvdkufonf/
&S;D xifcsdwu f vnf; bmbmnmnmawG;qraebJ vuf0g;&du k cf sufwpfcsuf &du k x
f wk u f m &ifqikd v f u
kd of nf/
]]0kef;}}
vuf0g;&dkufcsufESpfck qdkif&dkufrdonfhtwGuf Nyif;xefaomtoHMuD; Nrnf[def;xGufay:vmonf/
305
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm wukd,fvkH;wkef,ifvsuf aemufokdYaNcvSrf;ig;vSrf;rQ ,drf;,dkifum qkwfoGm;&onf/
0wfpkHNzLrSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\ vuf0g;&dkufcsuftm;t[kef&dkufcwfrIudk awmifhrcHEdkifaomaMumifh
wywfuRrf;ypfum qkwfay;vdkuf&onf/
usef;a&Smifzkefudk qufvufcsKyfzrf;rxm;Edkifawmh/ vufvTwfay;vdkuf&avawmhonf/
0wfpkHNzL\vufrS vGwfvmaom usef;a&Smifzkefonf owdvpfum ',D;',dkifNzifh vJusvkeD;yg;Nzpfaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu tomyif az;rxdef;ay;vdkuf&onf/
xdktcsdefwGif uRrf;ypfxGufoGm;aom 0wfpkHNzLonf aNrMuD;ay:okdY aNccsum&yfrdonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk
pdef;pdef;Munfhvdkufonf/
]][if ... rif; ... rif;}}
a'goNzifh aNymrnfhpum;u tHhMorIaMumifh xpfaighoGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfu Mum;Nzwfum ...
]][kwfygw,f uRefawmfyJ? cifAsm;u uRefawmhfudkrSwfrdom;yJudk; aNrmufckefckef}}
,ck rd r d w k d Y &if q d k i f a e&onf h 0wf p k H N zL0wf v l o nf &k y f a Nymif ; 0d Z Æ m aNrmuf c k e f c k e f N zpf r nf u d k
&SD;xifcsdwfwGufqcJhonf/
vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf c sif ; wif ; wif ; rmrm &if q k d i f N yD ; csd e f w G i f wzuf v l u rd r d u d k pd e f ; pd e f ; Munf h u m
wtHhwMoa&&GwfaNymqdkvdkufoHudk Mum;&onfESifh rdrd\wGufudef;rSefNyD[k odvkdufonf/ xdkUaMumifhvnf; ,ckvdk
aNymvdkufNcif;Nzpfayonf/
olUwGufudef; rvGJay/
xdk0wfpkHNzLrSm &kyfaNymif;0dZÆmaNrmufckefckef Nzpfayonf/
aNrmufckefckefonf Z&yfa&SYbufwGif vrf;avQmufaeaom usef;a&Smifzkefudk rdrd\udk,fyGm;rsm;Nzifh
ae&mtrsKd;rsKd;rS vIyf&Sm;azmfNyum pdwfacsmufcsm;atmif NyKvkyfNyD;aemuf tydkiftEkdifyif csKyfzrf;EdkifcJhonf/
twGif;tm;ysufNym;aeaom &SD;xifcsdwfudkol pm&if;xJyifxnfhrwGuf/ usef;a&Smifzkefudk zrf;csKyfEdkifNyD;vQif
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm rdrd\vufckyfxJu a&Nzpf&rnf[k tydkifwGufxm;cJhonf/
rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGufrudkufonfudk olodoGm;&avNyD/
usef;a&Smifzkefudk csKyfzrf;rdvdkufcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwfonf vsifNrefvSaomt&Sdeft[kefNzifh Z&yfay:rS
ckefqif;vmcJhonf/ rdrdESifh twGif;tm;csif;NydKifum vuf0g;&kdufcsufcsif; wif;wif;rmrmyif &ifqdkifcJhonf/
aNrmufckefckef tMuD;tus,f tHhMooGm;onf/ rdrd\vufcsufaMumifh aoG;aMumrsm; wpfqdkYrmausmum
twGif;tm;pkpnf;vnfywfí r&EdkifatmifNzpfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf b,fykHub,fvdk twGif;tm;rsm;
pkpnf;tokH;csvmEdkifonfudk olawG;& tcufMuD;cufaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNrmufckefckefESifh &ifqdkifwdkufckduf&awmhrnfNzpfaMumif; em;vnfonfhtwGuf
usef ; a&S m if z k e f u d k aNrNyif a y:wG i f ouf o uf o momNzpf a tmif tomcsxm;vd k u f o nf / aNrmuf c k e f c k e f r S
pwifwdkufckdufvmrnfudk toifhNyifqifum apmifhqdkif;aevdkufonf/
]][dwf ...usm;}}
rmefoGif;atmf[pfoHu nOfh,Hudk wkefcgoGm;rwwf/ aNrmufckefckef pwifwdkufckdufvmacsNyD/
rdrdu yOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh &dkufESufum aoG;aMumrsm; wpfqdkUrmausmatmif vkyfxm;ygvsuf
twGif;tm; pkpnf;vnfywfEdkifNyD; rdrdukdyif wif;wif;rmrm vuf0g;csif;qdkif&dkufvmEdkifaom &SD;xifcsdwfudk
aNrmufckefckef txl;yif cHNyif;a'goxGufaeonf/
xdkUaMumifh olUwkdufckdufrIu Nyif;xefMurf;wrf;vSonf/
&S;D xifcsdwrf mS vnf; tvGerf ek ;f wD;&G&H mS aeaom &efoMl uD;ESi&hf ifqikd &f NyDrYkd taotaMu wdu k cf u
dk yf pfvpdk w d rf sm;
txl;yifxufoefNyif;Nyaeonf/
aNrmuf c k e f c k e f \ vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf tm;tif N yif ; xef N yD ; Murf ; wrf ; aMumif ; od a omf v nf ;
aemufqkwfa&Smifwdrf;&ef vkH;0rpOf;pm;/ a&SUokdY vSpfceJvSrf;wufum twGif;tm;tNynfhygaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh
qD;MudKvdkufonf/
]]Akef;}}
306
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vuf0g;csif;qdkifum &dkufrdMuNyefonf/
xGufay:vmonfhtoHu odyfrus,f/ cyftkyftkyfom Nzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif ay:aygufvmaom
wefNyeftm;t[kef wGef;uefrIu MuD;rm;Nyif;xefvSonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfa&m aNrmufckefckefyg aemufokdY aNcvSrf;,drf;,kdifum qkwfay;vdkufMu&onf/
aNrmufckefckefudk tvGefyif rkef;wD;emMunf;aeaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf;ESifh w&Murf;yif
wdkufppfqifonf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudkyif rokH;EdkifbJ cyfMurf;Murf;om xif&mNrif&m twif;0if twif;wdkuf
NyKvkyfaeonf/

&S;D xifcsdw\ f qifuef;awmwd;k ovdk Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf; wdu k cf ukd rf aI Mumifh aNrmufcek cf ek rf mS b,fenf;b,fyHk
&ifqdkif&rnfudkyif rodawmhbJ pkd;&drfxdwfvefYvmonf/
olonf wzufvlwkefvIyfacsmufcsm;atmifvkyfNyD; twif;w&Murf; zdESdyfwdkufcdkufwwfoavmuf rdrdbufrS
tompD;r&Edkifawmhonfh taNctaersKd;wGif qufvufNyD; wif;wif;rmrm wdkufcdkufwwfolr[kwfay/
rdrdbufu taNctaer[efawmhonfudkawGUvQif tuGufaumif;acsmif;NyD; a&Smifwdrf;xGufaNy;wwfonfh
vlpm;rsKd;Nzpfonf/
,ckvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\ qifuef;awmwkd; wdkufckdufvmrIudk &ifqdkifckcH&efrvG,faMumif; od&onfwGif
aemufokdYvTm;ceJ ckefqkwfum wcsKd;wnf; xGufaNy;avawmhonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf aNrmuf c k e f c k e f u d k tNywf a csrI e f ; ypf & ef tvG e f y if pd w f t m;oef a eonf /
aemufvSnfhxGufaNy;oGm;aom aNrmufckefckefudk tvGwfray;vdk/

]][dwf ... aNy;vdkY vGwfrwJhvm;}}


atmf[pfaNymqdk&if; aNrmufckefckefaemufodkY xufMuyfruGm aNy;vdkufoGm;onf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f \ ud k , f a zmh y nmonf tvG e f a umif ; rG e f a eNyD N zpf o nf h t wk d i f ; wcPtwG i f ; rS m yif
aNrmuf c k e f c k e f u d k v d k u f í rD o nf / vd k u f í rD o nf E S i f h aNrmuf c k e f c k e f \ aemuf a usmud k vS r f ; ,l z rf ; qk y f u m
udkifqGJyifhaNr§mufvkdufonf/
]][if}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tHhMooGm;&onf/ taotcsmqGJudkifygvsuf aNrmufckefckefukd,fudkrrd/ olUvufxJwGif
tvGefayghyg;NyD; aysmhtdtdt&mwpfckudk qGJudkifrdvdkufaomaMumifhomwnf;/
rdrdonf aNrmufckefckef\ y&d,m,fqifuGufxJ wdk;0ifrdNyD;NzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfvdkufonf/
aNrmufckefckefonf wu,fyif ÓPfrsm;vSonf/ &SD;xifcsdwf rdrdudkvdkufrDvmrSef; odonfESifh 0wfxm;aom
0wfpkH&SnfMuD;udkcRwfí &SD;xifcsdwfwdk;0ifvmrnfhae&mbuf ypfay;vkdufonf/
vd k u f r D v mí vS r f ; umzrf ; vd k u f o nf h &S D ; xif c sd w f \ vuf o nf aNrmuf c k e f c k e f cRwf y pf v d k u f a om
0wfpkH&SnfMuD;udkom qkyfzrf;rdavonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNrmufckefckefonf tNcm;vrf;aMumif;wzufokdY xGufaNy;vGwfaNrmufoGm;NyD Nzpfonf/
]]awmuf ... odyfÓPfrsm;wJh rdpämaumifMuD;yJ? vGwfoGm;wm emvdkufwm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rausreyfa&&GwfNyD; vufxJwGif qkyfzrf;rdxm;aom aNrmufckefckef\ 0wfpkH&SnfMuD;udk
vkH;axG;vTifhypfvdkufonf/
qufvu dk í f vnf; aNrmufcek cf ek u f kd &SmawGUEdik af wmhrnfr[kwaf Mumif; em;vnfonft h wGuf usef;a&Smifzek u f kd
csxm;&mae&mokdY NyefvmcJhonf/
xd k Y aemuf usef ; a&S m if z k e f u d k tomayG U csD u m Z&yf a y:ok d Y ac:vmcJ h N yD ; Murf ; Nyif a y:wG i f
oufawmifhoufomNzpf&atmif Nznf;nif;pGm csxm;ay;vkdufonf/
rD;zkdu Nidrf;vkeD;yg;NzpfaeNyD/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf xif;aNcmufrsm;xyfxnfhum rD;rIwfay;vdkufonf/
rMumyg/
307
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rD;awmufrsm;wufvmNyD; aEG;axG;vsuf vif;vif;csif;csif;&Sdvmonf/
usef;a&SmifzkefrSm owdvpfaeqJNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf usef;a&Smifzkef\&ifbwfudk tomvufNzifhuyfum ESvkH;ckefEIef;udk prf;Munfhonf/
El;nHhtdaxG;aom tom;pdkifwdkY\txdtawGUaMumifh &ifxJwGif xdwfceJNzpfvsuf vufudk uref;uwef;yif
Nyef&kyfodrf;vdkuf&onf/
usef;a&Smifzkefudkvnf; teD;uyfaoaocsmcsmMunfhvdkufrdonf/
]][if ... ol ... ol ... a,mufsm;av;rSr[kwfbJ? rdef;uav;wpfa,muf Nzpfaeygvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfEIwfzsm;rS wtHhwMoyif a&&Gwfvdkufrdawmhonf/
usef;a&Smifzkefonf a,mufsm;av;r[kwf/
a,mufsm;av;toGif &kyfzsufxm;aom rdef;uav;wpfa,mufom Nzpfonf/
aNrmufckefckef\ aNcmufvSefYrIaMumifh awmifawmiftDtDawG;awmum aMumufvefYNyD; acR;xGufrsm;cJhonf/
rsufESmudkMurf;wrf;atmif NyKvkyfxm;onfh&kyfzsufaq;rsm; acR;Nzifhpkdum aysmfuGufaecJhonf/
xdkYNyif aNrmufckefckefESifh &ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&NyD; aNrmufckefckef\vufxJwGif trdcH&onfhtcsdefwGif rsufESmudk
yGwfwdkufrdonfhtwGuf &kyfzsufaq;tcsKdU uGmusukefonf/
usef;a&Smifzkef\ yifudk0if;rGwfaom yg;NyifrdkYrdkYav;wzufu El;nHhpGmay:xGufaeonf/
]]tif ... [if ...}}
nnf;oHoJhoJh xGufvmonf/
pdwfvIyf&Sm;NyD; bmvkyf&rnfrodNzpfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm usef;a&Smifzkef\ cyfoJhoJhnnf;oHaMumifh
vefYíyifoGm;rdonf/
usef;a&Smifzkefudk i,f&G,faomrdef;rysKdwpfa,mufNzpfaMumif; od&NyD;NyDrdkY xdudkif&ef r0Hhr&JNzpfaeonf/
]]'DrSm ... 'DrSm}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f t oH u wk e f , if a eoa,mif / bmvk y f í bmud k i f & rnf rod a tmif pd w f x J w G i f
tHhMovIyf&Sm;aeonf/
r&nf&G,fbJESifh usef;a&Smifzkef\ yg;Nyifwzufudk vufNzifhtomykwfay;vdkufrdonf/
usef;a&SmifzkefrSm owd&vmNyDNzpfaomaMumifh rSdwfaeaomrsufvkH;rsm; yGifhvmonf/
]][kd ... [kd ... wapäaumifMuD;b,fa&mufoGm;vJ[if? cifAsm;awGUvdkufao;vm;}}
usef;a&SmifzkefrSm xdwfvefYonfhpdwf aysmufao;[efrwl/
]]r ... r&Sdawmhygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pum;oH rlrrSefaomaMumifh usef;a&SmifzkefpdwfxJwGif rvkHrvJ Nzpfvm&onf/
rdrd\t0wftpm;rsm;udk ikHYMunfhvdkufonf/
t0wftpm;rsm; aNc&mrysuf vuf&mrysuf&Sdaeonfudk awGU&rS pdwfoufom&ovdk oufNyif;&SnfMuD;
wpfcsufcsvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf vJavsmif;ae&mrSxxdkifum &SD;xifcsdwfudk tuJcwfMunfh&Ionf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ toGiftNyifudk Nrif&aomtcg tawmfyiftHhMooGm;onf/
olr Z&yfatmufokdYqif;oGm;NyD; raumif;qdk;0g;vdkt&mrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifum owdvpfoGm;Ncif;r&SdrDuqdkvQif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf avwdkufvQif vJusawmhrnfhtoGifrsKd; tm;tifcsnfheJYaecJhonf/ rsufvkH;rsm;rSmvnf;
ta&miftqif;uif;rJhum rIefrIdif;aeonf/
,ckawGUae&aom &SD;xifcsdwftoGifu taNymif;vJMuD;aNymif;vJí aeonf/
rsuf&dyfrsufa&mifrsm;awmufyum tm;rmeftNynfh&Sdaom a,musfm;aumif;wpfa,muf toGifrsKd;&Sdaeonf/
,cifu &SD;xifcsdwf\ pl;pl;pkdufpdkuftMunfhrsm;aMumifh usef;a&SmifzkefrSm tae&txdkif&cuf&kHom&SdcJhonf/
,cktcgwGifrl xdkpl;&JaomtMunfhu &ifudk w'def;'def;vIyfckefapawmhonf/ tMunfhcsif;rqdkif0HhonfrdkY
rsufvTmav;yif csxm;vdkuf&&Smonf/
]]ol ... ol ... b,fvdkNzpfoGm;wmvJ? igu olUtwGif;tm;awGNyefaumif;NyD; usef;rmvmapcsifwJhqE´&SdaevdkU
tdyfruf rufovdk xifa,mifxifrSm; Nzpfaewmrsm;vm;}}
308
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usef;a&Smifzkefonf rdrd\rsufpdESifh udk,fwkdifNrif&onfudkyif r,kHEdkifatmifNzpfum rsufvkH;udk
yGwfoyfvkdufrdonf/
]][kd ... cifAsm;pdwfawG acsmufcsm;aewkef;yJvm;? rpkd;&drfygeJYAsm? tJ'g raumif;qdk;0g; o&Jwapär[kwfygbl;?
&kyaf Nymif;0dZmÆ aNrmufcek cf ek yf g? olucifAsm;udk trdawmif csKyfzrf;cJyh gao;w,f/ tckawmh uReaf wmfwu kd xf wk vf u
kd v
f Ukd
xGufaNy;oGm;ygNyD? cifAsm;u owdvpfaeao;wmrdkYvdkU uRefawmfukd,fwdkif Z&yfay:ayGUwifay;xm;wmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NzpfysufykHrsm;udk&Sif;Nyonf/
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkvm;? &kwfw&ufqdkawmh uRefawmfvnf; o&JwapävdkUxifNyD; vefYoGm;rdw,f? bmyJNzpfNzpf
cifAsm;udkawmh aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm}}
usef;a&Smifzkefonf rdrd\ZmwdrSefudk &SD;xifcsdwfod&SdoGm;NyDNzpfaMumif; tuJrcwfrdao;aomaMumifh
a,mufsm;wpfa,muf\ avoH[efyefrsKd;Nzifhyif aNymqdkaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm raeomawmhbJ ...
]]cifAsm; ... [kd ... [kd ... cifAsm; ...}}
usef;a&Smifzek o f nf rde;f uav;wpfa,mufomNzpfaMumif; rdro d x
d m;onfukd xkwaf zmfaNymvdu k v f akd omfvnf;
b,fvdkpum;p&Smum aNym&rSef;rodaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm pum;txpfxpftaighaigh Nzpfaeonf/
]]bmvJAs ... cifAsm; bmawG aNymcsifvdkYvJ}}
usef;a&Smifzkefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk rsufarSmifMuKwfumMunfhNyD; ar;onf/
xdkokdYar;&if;u &SD;xifcsdwf\rsufvkH;rsm; rdrdrsufESmudk xl;Ncm;pGmMunfhaeaMumif; tuJcwfrdonfhtwGuf
rsufESmudktomyGwfMunfhvdkufonf/ &kyfzsufaq;rsm; wpGef;wp ysufNy,faeaMumif;udk odvdkuf&onfhtwGuf
usef;a&SmifzkefrSm &SufaoG;Nzef;um rsufESmwpfNyifvkH; &kwfNcnf; eD&JoGm;avawmhonf/
]]vl,kwfrm}}
usef;a&Smifzkefu yg;pyfrSa'gowMuD;aNymNyD; &SD;xifcsdwf\yg;udk vuf0g;Nzifh &dkufcsvdkufonf/
]]Nzef;}}
rdrdowdvpfaeckduf &SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdukd rawmfrw&m;NyKvkyfcJhonf[k txifvGJum &SufpdwfNzifh
yg;&dkufvkdufNcif;Nzpfonf/
aNrmufckefckef\ aNcmufvSefYrIrsm;aMumifh pdwfxJwGifaMumufvefYum acR;rsm;xGufvmNyD; &kyfzsufaq;rsm;
El;yGaecsdew f iG f vIy&f mS ;wdu
k cf u
dk rf rI sm; NyKrdaomaMumifh &kyzf sufaq;rsm;uGmusukeNf cif; NzpfaMumif;udu k m; usef;a&Smifzek f
rodcJhay/
&Sufpdwfa'gopdwfwdkYrTefum &SD;xifcsdwfudk yg;&dkufrdNcif; Nzpfonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; rdrdtay:
apwemxm;um ulnDu,fwifcJhonfh usef;a&Smifzkef\aus;Zl;udk rarh/ rnfokdYrQ NyefvnfckcHNcif;rNyKbJ
NidrfcHaevdkufonf/
]]uRefawmfhudk bmaMumifh pdwfqdk;&wmvJAsm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf usef;a&Smifzkefudk pdwfrqdk;aomfvnf; rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh &kwfw&uf ,ckvdk
NzpfoGm;&onfudk em;rvnfEdkifbJ ar;Nref;vdkufrdonf/
]]awmf ... wdwf? bmrS rMum;csifbl;? qufNyD;[efaqmifraeygeJYawmh? t[kwfxifNyD; ulnDu,fwifcJhwm
apwemudkapmfum;w,f? oGm; ... oGm; ... xGufoGm;prf;? xGufoGm;prf;}}
usef;a&SmifzkefrSm &Sufpdwf? a'gopdwfwdkUaMumifh ewfusovdk wudk,fvkH; wqwfqwfwkef,ifaeonf/
bmudkrQpOf;pm;raeEdkifawmhbJ &SD;xifcsdwfudk atmfaigufarmif;xkwfypfvkdufonf/
twGi;f tm;tzsufq;D cH&ol wpfa,muftoGif ta,mifaqmifum rdru d t kd ,koH iG ;f vSnphf m;cJoh nf [lívnf;
&SD;xifcsdwfudk oHo,0ifrdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm rnfokdYrnfykH aNz&Sif;aNymqdk&rnfudkyif rodEdkifawmh/
]]uRefawmf cifAsm;&JUapwemudk trsm;MuD;av;pm;ygw,fAsm? cifAsm;apwemudk apmfum;wJhtvkyf
bmwpfckrSrvkyfcJhygbl;}}
þokdYom Niif;qdkaNymMum;Edkifawmhonf/
309
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkxufydkí bmrQraNymwwf/
]]vl,kwfrm ... uRefrudk rdef;uav;rSef;odvdkY tcGifhta&;,lvdkufwmaygh ... [kwfvm;? oGm;prf;yg?
uRefrtem;rSm raeygeJYawmh? &SifhrsufESmudk uRefrrMunfhcsifawmhbl;? tNrefqkH;xGufoGm;}}
usef;a&Smifzkefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk rMunfhawmhbJ wzufokdY rsufESmvTJaevdkufonf/
]]uRef a wmf aemuf q k H ; aNymcJ h y g&ap? cif A sm;ud k uRef a wmf b mrS r vd r f c J h rnmcJ h y gbl ; ?
cifAsm;eJYpawGUMu&wJhtcsdefwkef;u twGif;tm;tzsufqD;cHxm;&wJh taNctaerSm wu,fyJ&SdaecJhygw,f? NyD;awmh
cifAsm;[m rdef;uav;wpfa,mufNzpfw,f qdkwmudkvnf; apmapmurS odcJhygw,f? 'DtwGuf cifAsm;udk uRefawmf
b,fvdkrSrNypfrSm; rapmfum;cJhbl;qdkwm ,kHapcsifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu pdwfxdckdufaMuuGJpGmyif &Sif;Nyvkdufonf/
usef;a&Smifzkefu rJhNyKH;NyKH;um &SD;xifcsdwfbufokdY vSnfhrMunfhbJESifh Nyefpum;qdkonf/
]]t[if; ... [if; ... &Sifu vdrfaNymcsifaeao;wmudk;? uRefrudk rdef;uav;wpfa,mufrSef; apmapmurS
odcJhw,fqdkwmuawmh xm;vkdufyg? ,Hkr,fqdk&if,kHEdkifygw,f? &Sifh&JUtwGif;tm;awGuaum b,fvdkvkyfNyD;
csufcsif;Nyefpkpnf;tokH;csEdkifvmwmvJ? xl;qef;wJh pdwftm&kHwGef;tm;aMumifh wpfqdkYrmausmaewJh taMumawG
NyefyGifhukefwmyg? bmnmeJY vSnfhywfaNymOD;rvdkYvm;? uJygav ... &SifoGm;p&m&Sdwmudkom oGm;yg? &SifeJYuRefr
bmrSywfoufp&m taMumif;r&Sdawmhbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrd\aNcaxmufudk trSwfrxif ikHYMunfhrdonf/
wu,fawmh wpfqdkYrmausmaeaom taMumrsm; aNyyGifhukefum aoG;vnfywfrItm;aumif;vsuf
twGif;tm;rsm;pkpnf; tokH;csvmEdkifonfudk olukd,fwdkifyif ukd,fawGUr[kwfvQif ,kHEdkifp&mr&Sday/
rd r d \ aNcz0g;rS rS J Y e uf & S p f v k H ; \ xl ; Ncm;aomtaNctaeES i f h tpG r f ; owå d a Mumif h twG i f ; tm;rsm;
Nyefvnfpkpnf;tokH;csEdkifygonf[k &Sif;NyvQifvnf; usef;a&Smifzkef ,kHEdkifrnfr[kwfonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf
em;vnfonf/
olonf &dk;om;aNzmifhrwfolwpfa,mufNzpfovdk vdrfnmvSnfhNzm;íraNymwwf/ txl;oNzifh rdrdtay:
apwemxm;um ulnDcJhonfh usef;a&Smifzkefvdk aus;Zl;&Sifwpfa,mufudk ydkí rvdrfvdkay/
trS e f t wk d i f ; xk w f a NymvQif v nf ; vuf c H , k H M unf r nf r [k w f / &S D ; xif c sd w f r S m tawmf y if
tcufawGUaeawmhonf/
]]tcktcsderf mS olightay: txifvNJG yD; odypf w d q
f ;dk aew,f? tusKd;oift
h aMumif;oif&h iS ;f Ny&ifvnf; olUudyk Nkd yD;
a'goxGufatmif vkyfovdkNzpfaevdrfhr,f? 'Dawmh ig'Dae&muae xGufoGm;wmyJ aumif;ygw,f? aemifwaeYaeU
oleJYNyefqkH&NyD; tNzpfrSefawGudk em;vnfvufcHvmatmif &Sif;NyEdkifvdrfhr,f xifyg&JU}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf awG;awmqkH;NzwfNyD;onfESifh rdrdudkrMunfhbJ rsufESmvTJxm;ol usef;a&Smifzkefudk
pl;pkdufMunfhum pum;wpfvkH;csif; aNymvdkufonf/
]]aumif ; ygNyD usef ; a&S m if z k e f ? uRef a wmf x G u f o G m ;ygawmh r ,f ? cif A sm;tay:rS m
uRefawmfrNypfrSm;cJhbl;qdkwmudkawmh tckdiftrm aNymcJhyg&ap? uRefawmf oGm;r,f}}
xd k p um;rsm;onf &S D ; xif c sd w f \ &if x J t onf ; xJ r S vI d u f v I d u f v S J v S J ay:xG u f v maom
pum;rsm;NzpfMuayonf/
omreftaNctaersKd;wGifomqkdvQif usef;a&Smifzkefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk em;vnfcGifhvTwfrdrnf rvGJay/
,ckrl &S;D xifcsdwt f ay:wGif oHo,0if txifvaJG ecsderf Ykd tydpk um;awG[k oabmydu k u f m tav;rxm;onfh
toGifNzifh EIwfcrf;av;wGefU&kHom NyKH;vdkufawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf av;uefaomaNcvSrf;rsm;ESifh wpfvSrf;csif;avQmufvSrf;í oGm;aeonf/
olUpdwfxJwGif txl;yif0rf;enf;aMuuGJaeonf/ rdrdtay: usef;a&Smifzkef txifvGJrSm;cJhonfhtaMumif;udk
pOf;pm;rdwdkif; &ifxJwGif wif;usyfqkdYeifhí vmonf/
rdrdvkyfaqmifcJhonfrsm;wGif bmawGrsm; cRwfacsmfrSm;,Gif; aeavoenf;/ taNzxkwfMunfhrdoavmuf
bmNypfcsufudkrS rNrif&/

310
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usef;a&Smifzkef\ txifvGJcH&rIaMumifh pdwfxdckdufaMuuGJ&onfhNyif aNrmufckefckefESifh &ifqdkifrdvsuf
ykdifEdkifatmif wdkufckdufacsrIef;Ncif; rNyKEdkifcJhaomaMumifhvnf; rdrdukd,frdrd tm;rvdktm;r& Nzpfrdonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f r S m OD ; wnf & maysmuf a eaom vl w pf a ,muf v d k Nzpf a eonf / b,f a e&mud k o G m ;í
bmvkyf&rnfudkyif rodEdkif/
aNcOD;wnf&mudkom avQmufvSrf;oGm;aerdonf/
,ck olavQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonfhae&mrSm vlae&yf&Gmrsm;ESifh tvSrf;uGmonfh c&D;vrf;wpfae&mNzpfonf/
vrf;uausmufrsm;cif;xm;NyD; tawmfyif aumif;rGefonf/
odkYaomf xdkvrf;ay:wGif avQmufvSrf;um c&D;ESifaeavol[lí olwpfa,mufwnf;om&Sdonf/
tcsdefu aerGef;wnfhcsdef/ ae&SdefNyif;vSonfhtwGuf tNcm;c&D;oGm;rsm; t&dyfaumif;&mae&mrsm;wGif
em;ckdtyef;aNzaeMuonfvm;/
olwpfa,mufwnf;om pdwfESifhudk,f uif;uGmaeovdk aeylusJusJ vrf;rMuD;ay: rvSrf;csifvSrf;csif
wpfvSrf;csif; avQmufvSrf;oGm;aeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ol\av;vHxkdif;rIdif;aeaom pdwftm&kHudk vef;qef;touf0ifaponfhtNzpfwpfck
&kwfw&ufay:vmonf/
]]tif ... [if[if ... tif}}
vlwpfa,muf\ nnf;oH/ &SD;xifcsdwf\ av;vHxdkif;rIdif;aeaom pdwftm&kH &kwfw&ufEdk;Mum;vmonf/
vSrf;aeaomaNcvSrf;udk&yfum tomem;pGifhvdkufonf/
a0'emudk Nyif;NypGmcHpm;ae&onfh nnf;nLoHrsKd;/
vlwpfa,mufa,muf ab;tEÅ&m,fawGUaeNyDNzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif odvdkufonf/
usef;a&Smifzkef\ txifvGJrIudkcH&NyD;aemuf tawmfyifpdwf"mwfusum rdrdESifhroufqdkifnfhudpörsm;wGif
0ifa&mufpGufzufNcif;rNyKawmh[k olpdwful;xm;cJhonf/
odkYaomf pdwfxm;aNzmifhrwfum olwyg;udkulnDwwfonfh vkvifysKdwpfa,mufNzpfonfhtwkdif;
a0'emcHpm;ae&aom vlwpfa,muf\ nnf;ñloHudkMum;&onfESifh xdkpdwful;onf MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf
aysmufoGm;awmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf nnf;ñloHay:vm&mbufodkY avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/ olUaNcvSrf;rsm;u apmapmuvkd
av;vHraeawmh/ ayghyg;oGufvufaeonf/
yxrOD;pGmawGU&onfu Nrufyifrsm;ay:wGif usaeaomeDapG;onfh aoG;pufrsm;/
aoG;pufrsm;twdik ;f vdu k o
f mG ;&m Nruf&ikd ;f csKHyw
k w
f pfcak tmufwiG f vlwpfa,mufvu J saeonfukd Nrif&onf/
xdkol0wfxm;onfh0wfpkHrSm rlvu tNzLa&mifNzpfaomfvnf; ,cktcgwGifrl aoG;eDa&mifvTrf;aeavNyD/
'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;uvnf; wukd,fvkH;wGif Nrifraumif;&Iraumif;/
rsuf E S m wpf c k v k H ; onf &d k u f E S u f x d k ; Mud w f c H & rI r sm;aMumif h zl ; a&mif u m vl & k y f y if r ay:awmh /
nmvufaumuf0wfwGif tawmfeufaom "m;'Pf&m&Sdum 'Pf&mrSaoG;rsm; ,dkpdrfhxGufaeonf/
xdkolonf toufaNcmufq,fcefY&Sd tbdk;tdkwpfa,mufNzpfonf/
tbdk;tdkonf EIwfzsm;rS nnf;oHNyKaeaomfvnf; udk,fcE¨mrSmrl wkwfwkwfrQyifrvIyf/ taMumrsm;ydwfNyD;rS
&dkufESufESdyfpufoGm;Mu[efwlonf/
]]awmuf ... b,folawGursm; ESdyfpufoGm;Muw,f rodbl;/ tawmhfudk&dkif;pkdif;,kwfrmwJh vlawGyJ?
taoowfwmNzifhvnf; owfoGm;aygh? tckawmh rcsdrqHha0'emcHpm;NyD; aoG;vGefaooGm;&atmif vkyfxm;w,f}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf pd w f x J r S rausreyf a &&G w f & if ; tbd k ; td k \ "m;'Pf & mrS ,d k p D ; usaeaom
aoG;rsm;wdwfoGm;atmif taMumrsm;udk ESdyfe,fNyKpkay;onf/
aoG;wdwfoGm;NyD;aemuf rvIyf&Sm;Edkifatmif xdk;ydwfxm;onfh taMumrsm;udkvnf; NyefvnfaNzzGifhay;onf/
]]usKyfudku,fygOD; vlav;&,f}}
tbdk;tdku &SD;xifcsdwfudk tm;udk;wMuD;aNym&Smonf/
]]pdwfcsygtb? uRefawmf ulnDay;yghr,f? b,fvkdrsm;NzpfygovJ cifAsm}}
311
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfu tm;ay;pum;aNymonf/
]]usKyfudk 'Dae&mrSm qufrxm;ygeJY? a0;&mudk tNrefqkH;ac:oGm;yg}}
]][kwfuJh ... [kwfuJ}}
]]ac:r,fqdk&if NrefNrefvkyfyguG,f? NrefNrefvkyfprf;yg}}
tbdk;tdkonf avmaqmfaeaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf bmrQqufraNymawmhbJ tbdk;tdktm; ayGUcsDum
xdkae&mrS taNy;xGufvmcJhonf/
twefMumaomtcg acsmifusNyD; wdwfqdwfonfh ocFsKdif;a[mif;wpfckokdY a&mufvmonf/
]]a[m'Dae&mu acsmifusw,f? 'DrmS cPavmuf0ifem;&atmif? tbvnf; enf;enf;yg;yg; tem;&wmaygh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu t&dyftm0goaumif;onfh opfyifMuD;wpfyifatmufwGif tbdk;tdkudk tomcsxm;vkdufonf/
rdrd\c&D;aqmiftdwfxJrS 0wfpkHwpfpkHxkwf,lum tbdk;tdk\aoG;rsm;ayusHaeaom t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh
vJvS,f0wfqifay;onf/ at;Nraoma&wpfcGufESifh tcsKdrIefYtenf;i,fudkvnf; auR;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\NyKpkay;rIaMumifh tbdk;tdkrSm tawmfav;yif aeomxkdifom&Sdvmonf/ opfyif&dyfwGif
vJavsmif;um tem;,ltdyfpufae&m &SD;xifcsdwfu ab;em;rStomyif xdkifapmifhay;aeonf/
rnfonfhtaESmifht,SufrS ay:rvmbJ waeukefoGm;onf/ naeapmif;okdYa&mufvQif ESpfNcdKufpGm
tdyfaysmfaeaom tbdk;tdkvnf; tdyfaysmf&mrS Edk;vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf toifhaqmifvmcJhaom &du©maNcmufrsm;udkxkwfum tbdk;tdkudk auR;arG;Nyefonf/
]]b,fvdkaMumifh 'DvdkNzpf&w,fqdkwm aNymNyEdkif&if aNymNyygvm; tb&,f}}
tbdk;tdkudk auR;arG;NyKpkNyD;aomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfu ar;onf/
]]armif&ifav;[m usKyf&JUtoufocif aus;Zl;&SifyJ? 'Dawmh armif&ifav;udkrS raNymNy&if usKyfu
b,foYl uakd NymNy&rSmvJ? 'Dvu kd ,G ?hf usKyftNzpfuawmh tawmfuq kd ef;w,f? aMomf ... usKyfemrnfu ausmufusefvv Hk Ydk
ac:w,f}}
]]aMomf ... [kwfuJh ... [kwfuJh}}
]]usKyf[m uGrfwkefNynfe,f uGrf;vdrfNrdKUZmwdyg? udpöwpfckaMumifh &efMuLNrdKUudktvm vrf;c&D;rSm
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufeJY c&D;MuKHvdkU qkHrdMuw,f? tJ'Drdef;uav;u armif&ifav;wdkYavmuf touft&G,fyJ
&Sdvdrfhr,f? olu udpöwpfckvkyfp&m&SdwmaMumifh olU&JUypönf;wpfckudk &efMuLNrdKUta&muf,loGm;ay;zkdY usKyfudk
tultnDawmif;w,f? &efMuLNrdKUa&muf&if olu ypönf;udk Nyefvm,lr,fvdkYvnf; aNymw,f}}
]]tJ'Dypönf;u bmrsm;vJtb}}
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;wpfckygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif tawmfvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
]],Gef;bl;eufuav; qdkygvm;? 'gqdk&if 'Dtbdk;MuD;ausmufusefvkHeJY awGUcJhwJhrdef;uav;[m ,efzdefzdefrsm;
Nzpfaervm;}}
tbdk;tdk ausmufusefvkHu qufaNymonf/
]]usKyfuvnf; &efMuLNrdKUudk oGm;rSmqdkawmh c&D;vrf;uoifhaewmaMumifh olay;wJh,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk
tvG,yf v J ufc, H vl udk w
f ,f? NyD;awmh usKyf&UJ c&D;aqmiftw
d x
f rJ mS cyfayghaygheYJ yJ xnf,
h v
l mcJw
h ,f? tif; ... tckawmh
tJ'D,Gef;bl;eufuav; N*dK[farTwmudk rcsdrqHhcHvkduf&awmhwmygyJ}}
]],Gef;bl;eufuav;u b,fvdkN*dK[farTwmvJtb}}
]]aNymNyyghr,f? ,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk vufcHNyD; c&D;qufvmcJhvkdY bmrSrMumygbl;? Nrif;udk,fpD pD;xm;wJh
okdif;orm; aNcmufa,mufu usKyfoGm;r,fhvrf;rSm ydwfqdkY[efYwm;NyD; usKyf&JUc&D;aqmiftdwfudk twif; &SmazG
MuawmhwmygyJ? wu,fvdkY ,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk &SmvdkYawGU&if usKyftzdkYtckvdk aovkeD;yg;Nzpfatmif
b,ftESdyfpufcH&rSmvJ}}
]][if ... tbaNymawmh ,Gef;bl;eufuav;udk c&D;aqmiftdwfxJxnfhxm;w,fqdk}}
]][k w f w ,f ? usKyf u awmh ,G e f ; bl ; euf u av;ud k c&D ; aqmif t d w f x J x nf h v d k u f w myJ ? 'gayr,f h
[kdvlawG&SmMunfhawmh usKyf&JUc&D;aqmiftdwfxJrSm ,Gef;bl;eufuav; r&Sdawmhbl;}}
312
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]][if ... 'gqdk tJ'D,Gef;bl;eufuav;u b,fudka&mufoGm;wmvJ}}
]]tJ'gudkawmh usKyfvnf;rodbl;}}
]]b,fvkdqufNzpfMuw,fqdkwm aNymygOD;}}
]]tJ'DvlaNcmufa,mufu ,Gef;bl;eufuav; b,frSm&SdvJvkdY usKyfudkar;Nref;ppfaq;MuawmhwmygyJ?
olwdkYb,fvdk ppfaq;MuovJqdkwm armif&ifav;tNrifygyJ? usKyfuvnf; udk,frodwJhudpöwpfckudk b,fvdkvkyf
ol w d k Y a useyf a tmif aNymEd k i f r S m vJ ? aemuf q k H ; awmh usKyf u d k aovk e D ; yg;Nzpf a tmif v k y f N yD ; ypf x m;cJ h w m
armif&ifav;udk,fwdkif tNrifygyJ}}
]]w,f&rf;um;wJh vlawGygvm;? tbawmh bmrSrqdkifbJMum;xJu wrifoufouf 0ifcHvkduf&NyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ukdcg,rf;um rSwfcsufcsvdkufonf/
olUpum;tqkH;wGif vlwpfpk\ w[m;[m;&,farmvdkufoHrsm; &kwfw&uf ay:xGufvmawmhonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
&,foHrsm;ESifhtwl 0wfpkHeuf0wf vlaNcmufa,muf &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY &Sdae&modkYavQmufvSrf;a&muf&Sd
vmMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0wfpkHeufaNcmufa,mufwdkYudk [efrysufyif pl;pkduftuJcwfMunfhaeonf/
tbdk;tkdrSmrl ododomom wkefvIyfoGm;um ...
]]usKyfudk tEdkifusifhESdyfpufoGm;wm olwdkYyJ? armif&ifav; owdxm;}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... w,f[kwfygvm;? igwdkY&JUudpörSm 0if&IyfNyD; u,fwif&SifvkyfcsifwJh
vlpGrf;aumif;&Sdao;wmudk;}}
0wfpkHeufrsm;teufrS acgif;aqmifNzpf[efwlol t&yfNrifhNrifhESifhvlu &,farmaNymqdkonf/
]]tb ... bmrSrpkd;&drfygeJY? uRefawmfuvnf; 'DvlawGudk awGUcsifwmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tbdk;tdkudk tm;ay;pum;aNymvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif t&yfNrifhNrifhvlu usef0wfpkHeufrsm;buf vSnfhMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]awGUw,fr[kwfvm; ighvlwdkY? igwdkYvdkcsifwJhypönf;udk &Edkifr,fhvrf;p&Sdygao;w,fvdkY igaNymcJhwm
rSefaeNyDr[kwfvm;}}
]][m ... odyfrSefwmaygh? q&mzefcsD aqmif&GufwJhvkyfief;[m atmifNrif&rSmayghAs}}
0wfpkHeufwpfa,mufu tMudKufaqmifum aNymvdkufavonf/
zefcsDrSm xdkpum;udk tawmfyifb0ifawGUum aoG;exifa&mufatmifyif rmefwufoGm;onf/
]]bmrS rqdkifbJ Mum;xJu wrifoufouf0ifcHvdkuf&NyDvdkY 'Daumifav;aNymcJhwm rif;wkdYtMum;bJ? 'Dawmh
igwkdYvdkcsifwJhypönf; b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm 'Daumifav;od&r,f}}
zefcsDu [efwvkH;rmefwvkH;ESifh aNymNyefonf/
]]odw,fqdkawmhaum cifAsm;u bmvkyfcsifvkdYvJ}}
zefcsD\ [ef[dwfxkwfum aNymqdkaeykHudk tNrifuwfonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfu cyfwnfwnf
aNymvdkufonf/ wu,fawmh,Gef;bl;euf b,fae&ma&mufaeonfudkrl olroday/
]]'Daumifhudk t&Sif&atmif zrf;Muprf;}}
zefcsDu olUvlrsm;udk trdefYay;vdkufonf/
0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufwdkYonf "m;&Snfrsm;udk udk,fpDqGJxkwfum &SD;xifcsdwfxHokdY aNy;0ifvmMuonf/
tem;okdYa&mufonfESifh wkYHqdkif;raebJ okHa,muf0dkif;n§yfum wdkufcdkufMuavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; Nrefonf/
&kwfNcnf;yif "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwfum e*g;NzLrmefapmif; odkif;uGufudkokH;í ckwfydkif;wefNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ "m;csufrsm;onf ESif;yGifhrsm;rS cGJNzmusqif;ovdk 0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufudk vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/
0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufwdkY\ "m;uGufrsm; ysufNym;um aNcvSrf;wkYHaemufqkwfoGm;Mu&onf/

313
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,cktcgwGif &SD;xifcsdwfonf tawGUtMuKHtawmfyif &ifhusufaeNyDNzpfaomaMumifh rdrd\odkif;ynmrsm;udk
xdxdrdrd tusKd;&Sd&SdtokH;cswwfavNyD/ e*g;NzLrmefapmif;odkif;uGufudk okH;um wdkufcdkufrIonf tuGufpdyfvsuf
tm;Nyif;xefonf/
wdkufckdufenf;y&d,m,frSmvnf; tuGufusonf/ 0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufwkdY wdk;0ifwdkufckdufvmonfudk
tuGufususyif ydwfqdkYwm;qD;Edkifonf/
yd w f q d k Y wm;qD ; &k H o mru wef N yef w d k u f c d k u f r I u d k v nf ; wcsd e f w nf ; rS m yif NyKvk y f c J h & m
&SD;xifcsdwf\"m;csufrsm;onf yifv,furf;aNcudk vIdif;wHykd;rsm;&dkufykwfovdk "m;csufwpfcsufNyD;wpfcsuf
qifhuJay:xGufíaeonf/
0wfpeHk ufo;Hk a,mufwYdk onf &S;D xifcsdwu f kd txifrao;0Hah wmh/ t&rf;vnf; 0ifa&mufwu dk cf u
dk Nf cif;rNyK&JbJ
aemufqkwfay;um tuGufaumif;udkom tvpfacsmif;íaeMuav\/
zefcsDu nmvufudk a0SU,rf;Nyvdkuf&m olUab;em;wGif &yfMunfhaeonfh usef0wfpkHeuf ESpfa,mufvnf;
"m;&Snfudk,fpDqGJxkwfum wdkufyGJxJokdY 0ifa&mufoGm;MuNyefonf/
ocFsKdif;a[mif;ae&mwGif wdwfqdwfaeonf/
wcsufwcsuf avta0SUwGif opf&Gufrsm;vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
xdkYNyif aNrMuD;ay:wGif&Sdaeaom ausmufcJi,fav;rsm;udk zdeyfNzifh zdaNceif;onfhtoHtcsKdUom
cyfwkd;wdk;ay:xGufaeonf/
xdkokdYwdwfqdwfNidrfoufaerIudk ysufNym;oGm;apEdkifrnfh vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrIrsm;onf tcsdefra&G;
ay:xGufvm&ef toifh&Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh 0wfpkHeufig;a,mufwkdYonf tMudwfte,fwdkufckduf&ef t&Sdef,lum wzufESifhwzuf
&ifqdkifaeMuonf/
wdkufyGJtawGUtMuKH tawmftoifh&SdaeNyDNzpfaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf wzuf&efolig;a,muf&SdvmonfESifh
nmvufwiG u f ikd x
f m;aom "m;&Snt f Nyif pkww f cH Refvufeufuykd g xkwu f m b,fvufwiG f toifu h ikd xf m;vdu k o f nf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf nmvuf&Sd"m;&Snfudk vTJydkif;ckwfNzwfawmhrnfh toGifrsKd; toifhNyifxm;NyD; b,fvuf&Sd
pkwfwHcRefvufeufudkrl &ifbwfa&SUwGif uefYvefYNzwfudkifaqmifxm;onf/ em;ESifhrsufpdudkvnf; tpGrf;ukefzGifhvsuf
wzuf&efolig;a,mufwdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIudk tuJcwfMunfhaeonf/
0wfpkHeufig;a,mufwdkYonf puf0kdif;Ncrf;oP²mefvlNzefUí &SD;xifcsdwf\a&SUbufwGif ae&m,lxm;Muonf/
tpykdif;wGif rnfonfhbufurQ pwifvIyf&Sm;Ncif;rNyKMuao;/ wzufESifhwzuf tuJcwfovdkMunfh&if;
aNcaxmufudkMudwfeif;um [dka&TU'DaNymif; NyKvkyfaeMu\/
xdkUaemuf ...
nmbuftpGefqkH;&Sd 0wfpkHeufonf a&SUbufokdY tomaNcvSrf;vkduf&m zdeif;csvdkufonfhaNcoHonf
tawmfyiftm;Nynfhonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf\ yg;vSyfaomem;rsm;u Mum;odvdkufonf/
'Dvkdtm;Nynfhaom aNczdeif;rIrsKd;onf vIyf&Sm;wdkufckduf&ef NyifqifhonfhtcgrsKd;wGifrS NyKvkyf&onfh
aNcvS r f ; rsKd ; Nzpf o nf h t wG u f xd k 0 wf p k H e uf o nf pwif w k d u f p pf q if a wmh r nf N zpf a Mumif ; ud k &S D ; xif c sd w f
em;vnfvdkufonf/
þwGif &SD;xifcsdwfu vufOD;atmif pwifvIyf&Sm;vdkuf\/
olUudk,fcE¨monf &kwfw&uf a&SUodkYa&GUvsm;wufvmNyD; vufESpfzufwGifudkifxm;aom "m;&SnfESifh
pkwfwHcRefvufeufwdkYuvnf; tuGufusus vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
"m;csufrsm;ESifh pkwfwHcRefxdk;ESufcsufrsm;u 0wfpkHeufig;a,mufwdkYudk vTrf;rdk;Ncdrf;aNcmufvmMuonf/
0uf p k H e uf i g;a,muf w k d Y \ puf 0 k d i f ; Ncrf ; oP² m ef N zef Y í ae&m,l x m;rI r S m vnf ; z&d k z &J N zpf u m
tuGufysufukefonf/
wd k u f y G J u d k t uJ c wf u mMunf h a eaom zef c sD o nf rsuf E S m uG u f c eJ y suf o G m ;NyD ; td w f x J r S
tqdyfvufeufykef;rsm;udk EIdufxkwfvdkufonf/

314
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xd k t csd e f w G i f 0wf p k H e uf i g;a,muf t euf r S ES p f a ,muf o nf &S D ; xif c sd w f \ vuf c suf N zif h
aNrMuD;ay:vJusukefMu\/
usef0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufrSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\vTrf;rdk;wdkufckdufaerI'Pfudk tvl;tvJyif cHaeMu&onf/
zefcsDonf tqdyfvufeufrsm;udk vufxJwGifudkifxm;&if; ypfcwfwdkufcdkufEdkifrnfh tuGufaumif;udk
apmifhaeonf/
0wfpkHeufrsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwf\ e*g;NzLESpfaumif ykvJvkH;odkif;uGufudk rnfokdYrQ r,SOfEdkif/ rMumrDrSmyif
usef0wfpkHeufokH;a,mufrSmvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\ vufcsufrdum vJusukefMuNyefonf/
&efoil g;a,mufv;Hk udk acsrIe;f tEdik , f Nl yD;onfEiS hf &S;D xifcsdwuf "m;&Snu f kd "m;tdrxf NJ yefxnfNh yD; b,fvuf&dS
pkwfwHcRefudk nmvufokdYaNymif;ukdifonf/
xdkUaemuf zefcsDudk pdef;pdef;Munfhum ...
]]uJ ... 'Dwcg cifAsm;tvSnfhyJ}}
zefcsDonf ausmufusefvkHbufokdY vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
zefcsD\tMunfhwGif t"dyÜm,ftawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifonf/ tu,fí &SD;xifcsdwfom xdktMunfhrsKd;udk
t"dyÜm,fazmfwwfrnfqdkygu taNctaeonf wrsKd;wzkH aNymif;vJoGm;Edkifonf/
okdYaomf &SD;xifcsdwfu zefcsD\xl;Ncm;aomtMunfhudk ta&;rxm;cJhay/ xdkUaMumifh tuJvnf;rzrf;EdkifcJhay/
ausmufusefvkHudk vSrf;MunfhNyD;aemuf zefcsDonfvufxJwGif tqdyfvufeufykef;rsm; toifhukdifxm;NyD;
&Sdaeaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfudk ypfcwfwdkufckdufNcif;rNyKawmhbJ csmceJvSnfhum xGufaNy;oGm;avawmhonf/
zefcsD\ udk,fazmhynmpGrf;u tawmfyifaumif;onf/
aNy;oGm;ykHrSmvnf; NrefqefvSonf/
zef c sD & yf a eonf h a e&mES i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f & yf a eonf h a e&monf tawmf a v;vS r f ; onf / vsif N ref p G m
aNy;xGufoGm;aom zefcsD\aemufodkY &SD;xifcsdwf trDvdkufEdkifzkdY odyfrvG,fay/
þtcsufudk olwGufqrdonf/ aNy;vkdufNcif;rNyK/ nmvufwGif qkyfudkifxm;aom pkwfwHcRefudkom
ta0;ypfvufeufwpfckozG,f tokH;csum twGif;tm;NznfhokH;vsuf wtm;ukef ypfxkwfvdkufonf/
]]0SD;}}
pkwfwHcRefvufeufonf avxkudkcGif;um t[kefNyif;pGm vGifhysHxGufoGm;NyD; zefcsD\aemufausmudk
xdrSefoGm;onf/ zefcsDqufraNy;Edkifawmh/ arSmufvsufom; vJusoGm;onf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf zefcsD\aemufausmwGif pdu k af eaom pkww f cH Refvufeufukd Ekw,f Nl yD; ausmufusefv&Hk &dS mokYd
NyefavQmufvmcJhonf/
]]&efolawG &Sif;ukefygNyD? bmrS rpkd;&drfygeJYawmh}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ausmufusefvkHudk ESpfodrfhpum;aNymonf/
]]armif&ifav;[m odkif;ynmpGrf; 'DavmufxufNrufwJh vlwpfa,mufNzpfvdrfhr,fvdkU usKyfrxifcJhbl;?
apmapmuom armif&ifav; odkif;ynmpGrf;xufaMumif; odcJh&&if usKyftaeeJY b,fpkd;&drfawmhrSmvJ"
ausmufusefvkHu &SD;xifcsdwfudk csD;rGrf;pum;qdkonf}}
uRefawmhfokdif;ynmpGrf;u tbaNymoavmufvnf; r[kwfao;ygbl;"
]]b,f h E S , f r [k w f & rS m vJ ? usKyf v nf ; od k i f ; tausmf t armf a ygif ; pk H u d k awG U zl ; Nrif z l ; cJ h y gw,f ?
armif & if a v;avmuf od k i f ; ynmtpG r f ; xuf N ruf w J h v l w pf a ,muf r S rNrif z l ; ao;bl ; ? armif & if a v;vd k
om;rsKd;arG;&wJhrdcifawmh arG;&usKd;eyfygayw,f? [kdvlaNcmufa,muf[m tiftm;rsm;ayr,fh armif&ifav;udk
r,SOfEdkifwm usKyfrsufNrifyJav}}
]]tif; ... uRefawmf odyfawmfvdkYr[kwfygbl;? olwdkUudku nHhMuvGef;vdkY Nzpfygvdrfhr,f}}
]]armif&ifav;uvnf; udk,fhudk,fudk ESdrfhcsraeprf;ygeJY? usKyfu trSeftwdkif;csD;usL;aewmyg}}
ausmufusefvkHonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ odkif;ynmpGrf; Nrifhrm;ykHudkcsD;rGrf;í rqkH;Edkifatmif&Sdaeonf/
]rdcifawmh arG;&usKd;eyfygayw,f} qdo k nfph um;aMumifh &S;D xifcsdwrf mS rdcifNzpfol ydik pf u k sifukd owd&rdonf/

315
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'DaeYnawmh 'Dae&mrSmyJ em;Muwmaygh? tb at;at;aq;aq;om em;aeyg? reufNzefusrS tbudk
&efMuLNrdKUta&muf uRefawmfudk,fwdkif vdkufydkYay;yghr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf nbufwGif rD;ykHNyKvkyfEdkif&eftwGuf xif;aNcmufrsm; vdkufvHaumuf,lpkaqmif;onf/
opf y if M uD ; \yif p nf u d k aemuf a usmrS r S D u m xd k i f a eaomausmuf u sef v k H o nf xif ; aNcmuf r sm;
vkdufvHaumuf,lpkaqmif;aeaom &SD;xifcsdwfudkMunfhNyD; EIwfcrf;wGefU&kHrQ avSmifNyKH;wcsuf NyKH;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xif;aNcmufrsm;udk vkdufvHaumuf,laecsdefNzpfí ausmufusefvkH\xl;Ncm;aomtNyKH;udk
rNrifrday/
tu,fí ausmufusefvkHbufokdY vSnfhMunfhrdonfhwdkif &SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xdktNyKH;udk oHo,
0ifrdrnfr[kwfay/ &&Sdaom'Pf&mrsm;u emusifonfhtwGuf EIwfcrf;rJhoGm;Ncif; Nzpfrnf[líom xifrdayrnf/

nOfheufvmNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY wnwm pcef;csem;ae&m ocFsKdif;a[mif;uav;rSm wdwfqdwfNidrfoufíaeonf/
nOfhiSufatmfoHrsm;? iSufqdk;xkd;oHrsm;om wcsufwcsuf ay:vmwwfonf/
ausmufusefvkHonf opfyifMuD;\ opfNrpfqkHwpfckudk acgif;tkH;um ESpfNcdKufpGmyif tdyfaysmfaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfurl ausmufusefvkH\ab;em;wGif xkdifvsuf uif;apmifhay;aeonf/
pum;aNymazmfr&SdbJ wa,mufwnf;xdkifapmifhae&aomaMumifh ysif;&dvmonf/ wcsufwcsufwGif
idkufrsOf;íyifvmonf/
ok d Y aomf ausmuf u sef v k H u d k tEÅ & m,f N yKrnf h v l r sm; ay:ayguf v mvQif ck c H u muG , f & ef
rdrdwGifwm0ef&Sdonf[laom todaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf tdyfaysmfoGm;Ncif;r&Sd&atmif rdrdukd,frdrd MudK;pm;
xdef;csKyfxm;&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif rvSrf;rurf;&Sd aNrykHa[mif;wpfckem;rS tNzLa&mifoP²mefwpfckudk &dyfceJNrifvdkuf&onf/
]]tif; ... [if;[if; ... tif;}}
nnf ; oH v d k v d k atmf o H v k d v d k toH w pf o H u vnf ; rwd k ; rus,f ay:xG u f v monf / toH o nf
&kwfw&uf&yfoGm;ovdk &dyfceJNrifvdkuf&aom NzLNzLoP²mefrSmvnf; aysmufuG,foGm;onf/
xd k Y aemuf xd k a Nryk H a [mif ; ae&mES i f h tawmf t vS r f ; a0;onf h csKH y k w f M uD ; wpf c k a b;wG i f
tNzLa&mifvl&dyfoP²mefwpfck &kwfNcnf;ay:xGufvmonf/
tumvntcg ocFsKdif;aNra[mif;ae&mü xdkokdYt&dyfoP²mefvIyf&Sm;rIudk Nrif&vQif raumif;qdk;0g;rsm;
acsmufvSefYonf[kxifum wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;ukefMuayrnf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aNrmufckefckef\ wzufvlpdwfacsmufcsm;atmif vkyfaqmifwwfonfh y&d,m,ftaMumif;udk
odxm;oNzifh wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;Ncif;r&Sd/ a'gopdwfom axmif;ceJNzpfvmNyD; xdkifae&mrSqwfceJ x&yfvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfx&yfvdkufcsdefü csKHykwfab;&Sd tNzLa&mifvl&dyfoP²mefonf &kwfw&ufaysmufoGm;um
pdwfacsmufcsm;zG,f&maumif;aom nnf;oH&SnfMuD;wpfck ay:xGufvmNyefonf/
iSufqdk;rsm;uvnf; &kwfw&ufxdk;vdkufMuNyef&m ocFsKdif;a[mif;ae&mrSm ydkíaMumufvefYzG,f&m
Nzpfvm&onf/
]]aNrmufcek cf ek f ... 'grsKd;awG &d;k aeygNyD? 'Dvv
kd maNcmufveS Uf vdUk r&awmhygbl;? uRefawmfu
h kd &ifqikd &f w
J ,fq&kd if
aNAmifxGufvmcJhyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNrmufckefckefudk &ifqdkifwkdufcdkufacsrIef;ypfcsifaeol Nzpfonf/ rdrdu wul;wu
vdkuf&Smrae&bJ rdrd&Sd&modkY aNrmufckefckef a&mufvmonfhtwGuf tawmfyif 0rf;omoGm;onf/
wpfck&Sdonf/
,cktcgwGif ausmufusefvkHudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&rnfh wm0ef&Sdaeonf/ aNrmufckefckefudk
pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwf &ifqdkifwkdufckdufNcif; rNyKEdkif/
rdrtd wGuf aemufqiH ifp&mtaMumif;&Sad eonfh tcsderf sKd;wGirf S aNrmufcek cf ek af y:vmonft h wGuf tawmfav;
rcsifhr&JNzpfaerdonf/
316
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tu,f í ausmuf u sef v k H u d k umuG , f a pmif h a &S m uf a y;&ef wm0ef o mr&S d v Qif &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf
aNrmufckefckef\aemufokdY twif;yifaNy;vdkufoGm;rdrnf rvGJay/
,ckrl ausmufusefvkHtwGuf aemufqHiifaeaomaMumifh aNy;vdkufroGm;Edkif/ aNrmufckefckef rnfonfhae&mrS
ay:xGuft&dyfta,mif NyOD;rnfenf;[kom apmifhMunfhae&onf/
tNzLa&mifvl&dyfoP²mef &kwfw&ufay:vmNyefonf/ xdkvl&dyfoP²mefonf ay:vdkufaysmufvdkufESifh
wzufvl pdwfacsmufcsm;atmif vkyfaqmifNcif;rNyKawmhbJ &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&mokdYom wef;wef;rwfrwf aNy;0ifvmonf/
]]tb NrefNrefx? &efola&mufvmNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNy;0ifvmaom tNzLa&mifvl&dyfoP²mefudk aphaphMunfhae&if; ausmufusefvkHudk
atmf[pfíEId;\/
toHu tawmfyif us,fonf/
ausmufusefvkHum; Edk;rvmcJh/ wkwfwkwfrQyifrvIyfbJ toufrSefrSef&SLum tdyfaysmfaeonfhtoGifrsKd;yif
&Sdaeonf/
&dk;om;vSaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf ausmufusefvkHtay:wGif rnfokdYrQ oHo,rNzpfrday/ 'Pf&mrsm;aMumifh
yifyef;um ESpfNcdKufpGm tdyfaysmfae&Smonf[líom xifrdav\/
ausmufusefvkHudk vufNzifhqGJykwfEdI;&ef pdwful;rdao;onf/ okdY&mwGif tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh
aNrmufckefckefu olUa&SUem;odkY vSpfceJa&mufvmonfhtwGuf EId;raeEdkifawmhbJ "m;&SnfudkomqGJxkwfum
qD;MudKckwfydkif;vdkuf&av\/
"m;csufuoGufvufNyD; tm;tifNynfh0vSonf/ aNrmufckefckefonf t&Judk;um a&SUrwdk;0HhbJ aemufokdY
ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;ay;vdkuf&onf/
aNrmufckefckef\ udk,fazmhynmpGrf;uvnf; tHhrcef;atmifyif xufNrufvSonf/
a&SUodkYaNy;wufvm&mrS aoG;ylvmNyDNzpfaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf oGufvufaom"m;csufrsm; qifhuJqifhuJ
tokH;NyKum twif;w&Murf;yif vdkufvHxdk;ckwfwdkufckdufonf/
aNrmufckefckefu aemufokdYwqkwfwnf;qkwfum a&Smifay;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNrmufckefckefaemufokdY pdwfvkdufrmefyg twif;vdkufvHwkdufckdufae&if; ausmufusefvkHudk
&kwfw&ufNyefowd&rdonf/
]][m ... tb ausmufusefvkHwpfa,mufwnf; aemufrSmusefaecJhygvm;? aNrmufckefckefu ighudk
y&d,m,feJYrQm;ac:NyD; aemufydkif;u tbausmufusefvkHudk 0ifzrf;rvdkYeJUwlw,f}}
xdkokdY pOf;pm;rdaomaMumifh aNrmufckefckefudk Nyif;xefMurf;wrf;aom "m;csufokH;csufqifhum ckwfykdif;
wdkufckdufvSefUxkwfNyD; ausmufusefvkHtdyfaysmfae&m opfyifMuD;qDokdY NyefaNy;vmonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ol\a&SUwGif tNzLa&mift&dyfoP²mefwpfck ay:vmNyefonf/
]]ckeu 'Dt&dyf aemufqkwfusefaecJhwm? b,fvkdvkyfNyD; igha&SUrSmvmvrf;ydwf &yfaeEdkifwmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tenf;i,f wkefvIyfoGm;rdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif olUaemufqDrS toufNyif;Nyif;&SLoHudk cyfoJhoJhMum;vdkuf&onf/
þtcgwGifrS tpOf;pm;&cufaeaom taNz&oGm;onf/
]]vufpowfawmh aNrmufckefckefu 0wfpkHNzLqifwl0wfxm;wJh wNcm;vlawGudkyg [kdem;rSmvIyf&Sm;Nyvdkuf?
'Dem;rSm vIyf&Sm;NyvdkufeJY aNcmufvSefYcJhwmudk;}}
taNz&oGm;oNzifh apmapmu rdrdvdkufvHwkdufckdufcJholrSm aNrmufckefckeftppfNzpfum ,ck rdrd\a&SUwGif
ydwfqkdYwm;qD;vmonfhvlrSmrl ykHwlzrf;xm;aom aNrmufckefckeftwkNzpf&rnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf cGJNcm;awG;qrdonf/
aNrmufckefckefum; ÓPfrsm;um y&d,m,fMuG,fvSonf/ toGifoP²mefwl vlav;ig;aNcmufa,mufudk
[kdem;wGif t&dyfta,mifNyvdkuf? 'Dem;wGif t&dyfta,mifNyvkdufvkyfum wzufvlpdwfxJwGif xifa,mif
xifrSm;Nzpfapvsuf wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;vmatmif zefwD;vkyfaqmifNcif; Nzpfayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aNrmufckefckef\y&d,m,fudk pdwfacsmufcsm;Ncif;r&Sdawmhaomfvnf; tawG;&cufum
pdwftm&kHaxGNym;cJh&onf/
317
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,ckrl aNrmufckefckef\ y&d,m,fvQKdU0Sufcsufudk em;vnfvdkuf&NyDrdkYrnfokdYrQ pdwftaESmifht,Suf
rNzpf&awmhay/
wkHaES;raeawmhbJ rdrdaNy;oGm;rnfhvrf;aMumif;wGif ydwfqdkY&yfvmonfh aNrmufckefckeftwkudk "m;&SnfNzifh
wtm;ckwfydkif;csvdkufonf/
&S;D xifcsdw\ f "m;&Sncf w
k cf suf xd;k 0ifomG ;csderf mS yif aNrmufcek cf ek t
f wkonf opf&u G af Ncmufav; avtyifw h iG f
vGifhaNrmufoGm;onfhtvm; ckefaNrmufwufum "m;csufrSvGwfatmif a&SmifxGufoGm;onf/
aNrmufckefckeftwkonf udk,fazmhynmrnHhvSay/ aNrmufckefckeftppfavmufeD;yg;yif vIyf&Sm;rI
NrefqefvSonf/
&S;D xifcsw
d o f nf twif;zdumwdu k cf ukd rf nf MuHvu kd af o;onf/ okYd aomf xdt
k csed rf mS yif aNrmufcek cf ek tf wkonf
tarSmifxJokdY wdk;0ifaysmufuG,foGm;onf/
]][m;[m;[m; ... [m;[m;}}
pd w f w k e f v I y f acsmuf c sm;zG , f a umif ; aom &,f a rmoH M uD ; ES i f h t wl tNzLa&mif 0 wf p k H 0 wf
vlwpfa,muf\oP²mef &kwfw&ufay:vmNyefonf/
xdkokdYay:vmolonf aNrmufckefckeftppfvm;? ykHwlvkyfum ta,mifaqmifxm;onfhtwkvm;qdkonfudk
&SD;xifcsdwf a0cGJrodEdkifawmhay/
okdYaomf axGaxGxl;xl; pOf;pm;raeawmhbJ xdktNzLa&mif 0wfpkH0wfvludkyif "m;&SnfESifhaNy;ckwfonf/
tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlonf ayghyg;oGufvufaom udk,f[efNzifh &SD;xifcsdwf\"m;csufudk a&Smifwdrf;um
tarSmifxkxJwGif aysmufuG,foGm;Nyefonf/
]]awmuf ... aNAmif x G u f & if r qd k i f & J b J e J Y taumuf Ó Pf e J Y t&S u f r &S d avQmuf v k y f a ew,f ?
odyfatmufwef;uswJh vlMuD;yJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rausreyfyif a&&GwfaNymqdkvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif tm;Nynfhaompum;oHwpfck &kwfw&ufay:vmonf/
]]uJ ... aNrmuf c k e f c k e f ? aumif a v;aNymvnf ; aNymp&myJ ? cif A sm;&J U aNcmuf u G u f v S e f Y uG u f
ta,mifaqmifuGufawG awmfavmufygNyD}}
vludk rNrif&ao;aomfvnf; toHukdMum;&&kHESifh toH&Sif rnfolrnf0gNzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwfodvdkufonf/
,efavmufqef\ toHyifwnf;/
rdrdESifh tquftoG,fNywfoGm;awmhrnf[k xifaecJhaom ,efavmufqef Nyefvnfa&mufvmonfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif tm;wuf0rf;omrdonf/ pdwf"mwfvnf; wufMuGvmonf/
pum;oHESifh ra&S;raESmif;yif ydefvSD&Snfvsm;aom ,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ab;em;odkY
a&mufvmonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ocFsKdif;*lysufwpfck\aemufrS tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;aom aNrmufckefckefxGufvmonf/
]]cifAsm; b,folvJ? udk,feJYrqkdifwJhudpörSm 0ifpGufzuf&if aumif;aumif;'ku©awGUEdkifw,fqdkwm cifAsm;
rpOf;pm;rdbl;vm;}}
aNrmufckefckefu ,efavmufqefudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; aNymonf/
olUpum;wGif Ncdrf;aNcmufoHu tNynfh/
,efavmufqefu r&,fcsifh&,fcsif[efNzifh &,farmvdkufNyD; ...
]]'gawGukd usKyfem;vnfygw,f? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;vdk a,mufsm;yDyaD NAmifrwdu k 0f w hH hJ vlwpfa,mufukd usKyfu
odyfta&;pkdufwmr[kwfbl;? b,fhES,fAsm wzufvl xifa,mifNrifrSm;eJY xdwfvefYatmif ykHwlukd,fyGm;vkyfwJhvlawGeJY
trsKd;rsKd;aNcmufvSefYw,f? raumif;qdk;0g;vdkvdk wapäo&Jvdkvdk wzufom;xifatmifvkyfw,f? 'DvdkxifNyD; wzufvl
pdwfacsmufcsm;aeawmhrS xGufwkduftEdkif,lwmu odyfudkatmufwef;usvGef;ygw,f? 'Dvdkenf;rsKd;awGeJU
wdkufckduftEdkif,lwmudk cifAsm;r&Sufbl;vm;}}
]]b,fvdkyJvkyfvkyf tEdkif&zdkYut"duyJ? 'geJYaeygOD;? usKyfudkvmNyD; w&m;Nyae&atmif cifAsm;u
bmaumifvJ}}
318
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefonf aNrmufckefckef\tar;udk raNzao;bJ &SD;xifcsdwfbuf vSnfhMunfhNyD; ...
]]'DaumifMuD;udk igyJ Munfh&ifqdkifvdkufr,f? rif;ab;z,fae}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfNyvdkufum ...
]]aumif;NyDav? 'gqdk&if 'Pf&m&aewJh tbausmufusefvkHudk uRefawmfoGm;apmifha&Smufay;Edkifwmaygh}}
]]rif;u w,fcufwmyJudk;? vlwdkif;udk udk,fhvdkrSwfNyD; r,kHMunfeJYuG? ,kHoifhr,kHoifh csifhcsdefNyD;
,kHxkdufrS,kH&w,f? tJ'Dvlem[m aNrmufckefckefwdkY bufawmfom;wpfa,mufuG? tcsdefukefcHNyD; apmifha&Smufay;p&m
rvdkygbl;}}
]]Asm}}
&SD;xifcsdwf tvGefyiftHhMooGm;&onf/
ausmcsrS "m;NyrSef;od&onfhtNzpfrsKd;rdkY rsufESmtxm;&vnf; cufaeonf/
tu,fí ,efavmufqefuom cyf&Sif;&Sif;aNymrNyvQif ausmufusefvkHudk 'ku©awGUaeolwpfa,muf[kyif
,kHMunfum apmifha&SmufulnDay;aeOD;rnf rvGJay/
aNrmufckefckefrSm ,rf;ykHrD;us a'gyGoGm;awmhonf/
]]awmuf ... yde&f n S Mf uD;? cifAsm;u w,ftawG;aumif;wmud;k ? tckcsdeu f pNyD; cifAsm;[m usKyf&UJ r[m&efoyl }J }
,efavmufqefuvnf; ta&;rpdkufonfh trlt&mNzifh ...
]]vkyfvdkufprf;yg? cifAsm;vdk taumufMuHNyD;rS wdkufcdkufwwfwJhvlrsKd;udk usKyfu pm&if;xJawmifrxnfhbl;?
tckyJ awGUMuwmaygh}}
,efavmufqefonf xdkodkYaNymNyD;onfESifh wkdufckduf&ef toifhNyifvkdufonf/
aNrmufcek cf ek o f nf tvGeÓ f Pfrsm;um aumufuspv f o
S w
l pfa,mufNzpfonf/ rdrb d ufryS ikd rf o
S m wzufvu l kd
tNywftEdkifwdkufcdkufwwfonf/ rdrdtEdkif&&ef raocsmaom wdkufyGJrsKd;udkrl b,faomtcgwGifrS tMudwfte,f
qifETJNcif; rNyKay/
,ck v nf ; ,ef a vmuf q ef \ pum;qk H ; onf E S i f h csmceJ v S n f h u m tarS m if x k x J o k d Y
aNy;0ifaysmufuG,foGm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu aNrmufckefckefaemufokdY aNy;vkdufrnfNyK&m ,efavmufqefu zrf;qGJ[efYwm;xm;vdkufonf/
]]vkdufraeeJYawmh xifcsdwf}}
]][if ... bmaMumifhvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu thHMo[efNzifh ar;onf/
]]olUukd,fazmhynmu rif;xuf trsm;MuD;aumif;w,f? rif;vkdufoGm;vdkYvnf; olUudk rDEdkifrSmr[kwfbl;}}
]]'D v d k q d k & if v nf ; ol e J Y yk H y ef ; oP² m ef c sif ; wl a tmif 0wf q if v I y f & S m ;NywJ h yk H w l u d k , f y G m ;awG u d k
trdzrf;zdkYvkdao;w,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]tapmMuD;uwnf;u olU&JUykHwludk,fyGm;awG a&Smifwdrf;xGufoGm;ukefMuNyDqdkwm rif;rawG;rdbl;vm;}}
]]awmuf ... 'Dvlu w,fÓPfrsm;wmyJ? 'Dtwdkif;qdk&if uRefawmfwdkY olU&efu rat;Edkifao;bl;aygh}}
]][kww f ,f ... igwkYd u tvif;xJrmS &Sad eNyD; olu tarSmifxu J vdNk zpfaeawmh igwkYd bufu wyef;&I;H aew,f?
'gaMumifh igwkdYESpfa,mufwnf;omodEdkifr,fh vQKdU0Suftcsdef;tcsufawmh MudKwifvkyfxm;zdkY vdkaeNyD}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}
]]tck aNrmufckefckefu igh&kyfudk NrifoGm;NyDav? aNrmufckefckef[m wpfMudrfwpfcg Nrifzl;awGUzl;&kHeJY tJ'DvleJY
wax&mwnf;wlatmif &kyfzsufaNymif;vJEdkifpGrf;&Sdw,f? wu,fvkdY oluigh&kyfeJYwlatmifvkyfNyD; rif;udk vmvSnfhpm;
vdrfvnf&if tm;vkH;&IyfaxG;ukefEdkifw,f? wu,fvdkYolu igh&kyfeJYwlatmifvkyfNyD; rif;udk vmvSnfhpm; vdrfvnf&if
tm;vkH;&IyfaxG;ukefEdkifw,f? igwdkYESpfa,mufvnf; tvum;ae&if; txiftNrifawG vJukefEdkifw,f}}
]][m ... [kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f}}
olwdkYESpfa,muf EIwfqdwfpGmyif rD;ykHtem;okdY NyefvmcJhMuonf/
opfyifatmufwGif ESpfNcdKufpGmtdyfarmusaecJhaom ausmufusefvkHrSm b,ftcsdefu a&Smifwdrf;
xGufaNy;oGm;onfrod/ opfyifatmufwGif rnfolrQr&Sdawmhay/
319
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefESifh&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf rD;ykHab;wGifxdkifum olwdkYtcsif;csif; vQKdU0SufqufoG,fMu&rnfh
taMumif;udpörsm;udk wD;wdk;aNymqdkwkdifyifMuonf/
]]'geJY aeprf;ygOD;? rif;&JUtwGif;tm;awGu b,fvdkvkyfNyD; Nyefaumif;vmwmvJ? igawmh em;rvnfEdkifatmif
Nzpfae&NyD}}
vQKdU0SufqufoG,f&rnfh tcsdef;tcsufrsm;udk aNymqdkwdkifyifMuNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu ar;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; &efMuLNrdKUwGif awGUMuKHNzpfysufcJhonfrsm;udk taMumif;pkH NyefaNymNyvdkufonf/
]]w,fxl;qef;ygvm;? rif;udk,fwdkif awGUMuKH&wmawGudk zGifhaNymvdkYom ighrSm,kHvdkuf&wm? tNzpfuawmh
cyfqef;qef;yJ? bmyJNzpfNzpfav? rif;&JUtwGif;tm;awG NyeftokH;csEdkifwmudk igodyf0rf;omygw,f? uJ ...
Nyprf;ygOD;uGm? rif;&JUrSJY&SpfvkH;udk}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; zdeyfudkcRwfum aNcz0g;&SdrSJY&SpfvkH;udk Nyovdkufonf/
]]rif;[m okid ;f avmu&JU Ouifacgif;aqmifNzpfvmr,fh yk*Kd¾ vfx;l yJ? tqifNh rifo h idk ;f ynmawGukd urf;ukeaf tmif
wwfaNrmufNyD; NydKifbufuif;wJh odkif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfvmvdrfhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;rSrSJY&SpfvkH;udkMunfhNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu tm;&yg;&yif aNymonf/
]]tqifhNrifh odkif;ynmudk MudK;pm;avhusifhaeMuwJh odkif;ynm&SifawGtrsm;MuD;ygyJ tb&m? bmaMumifh
uRefawmfwpfa,mufwnf; xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;eJY wNcm;vlawGudk vTrf;rdk;atmifNrifEdkif&rSmvJ}}
]]MudK;pm;avhusiMhf umwmcsi;f wlayr,fh vlwpfa,mufeYJ wpfa,muf taNccHprG ;f tm;csi;f wlMuwmrSr[kww f m?
wNcm;rMunfheJY? ighudkyJMunfh? 'dNyifvlawGrvkyfEdkifwJh t&dk;usKHUEdkifpGrf; ighrSm&Sdw,f? 'g[m igh&JUarG;&myg taNctaeu
wNcm;vlawGeJY rwlwm&,f? xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;avhusifhEdkifwm&,f aMumifhyJ}}
,efavmufqefonf csufcsif;yif olUudk,fcE¨mudk auG;nTwfNyvkdufonf/
t&kyfwpf&kyfvdk okH;acgufcsKd;vdkufovdkrsKd;Nzpfum ydefydef&Snf&Snf ,efavmufqefrSm t&yfokH;ay
omomcefYom Nrifhawmhonf/
udk,fcE¨mudk acgufcsKd;xm;onfhtNyif vufESpfzufNzifhaxmufum vrf;avQmufoGm;vm Nyvdkufao;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu pdwf0ifwpm;Munfhae\/
,efavmufqefonf udk,fcE¨mudk rlvtwkdif;NyefNzpfatmif NyKvkyfNyD;rS odkif;ynmESifhywfoufí
odtyfzG,f&m&Sdonfrsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwftm; qufvuf&Sif;NyNyefonf/
]]pum;pyfrdvkdY okdif;ynmeJYywfoufwJh Nr§KyfuGufav;awGudk aNymNy&OD;r,f? wcsKdUodkif;orm;awG[m
vufoD;xdk;csuf? vuf0g;&dkufcsuf tm;Nyif;xefzdkYudkcsnf; tav;xm;NyD; avhusifhaeMuw,f? twGif;tm;
MuHYckdifeuf&Idif;zkdYtwGuf avhusifhrIrSmawmh ayghavsmhaewwfw,f? wu,fawmh ydómig;q,ftiftm;&SdwJh
vuf0g;&dkufcsufudk &dkufxkwfvkdufr,fqdk&if udk,fcE¨mtaeeJYuvnf; ydómig;q,fruwJh tm;tifudk cHEdkifwJh
twGif;tm;&SdaezdkY vdkw,f? 'DvdkrSr[kwf&if udk,f&dkufxkwfvdkufwJh vuf0g;&dkufcsuftm;&JU NyefuefrIudk cH&rSmyJ?
csufcsif; rodomayr,fh tcsdefMumvmwmeJYtrQ twGif;'Pf&NyD; toufqkH;&IH;wJhtxdawmif NzpfEdkifw,f}}
,efavmufqef\pum;rsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf tawmfyiftusKd;aus;Zl;&&Sdaponf/ tcsKdUaom
odkif;tausmftarmfrsm; xl;qef;aoma&m*ga0'emNzifh aoqkH;oGm;Mu&Ncif;onf þtaMumif;rsm;aMumifhNzpf&rnf[k
em;vnfvmonf/
aNrmufckefckef\ yOövuf ewfvuf0g;&dkufcsufaMumifh aoG;aMumrsm; wpfqdkYrmausmum twGif;tm;
pkpnf;tokH;csí r&EdkifonfhtNzpf rMuKH&pOfuqdkvQif &SD;xifcsdwfonf tNyif;txefvIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufygu
armyef;ovdkvdk touf&SLr0ovdkvdk acgif;xJrMunfrvifNzpfovdkvdk cHpm;cJh&onf/
aNrmufcek cf ek \
f vufcsuaf Mumifh twGi;f tm;rsm; ysupf ;D oGm;cJ&h NyD;aemuf aNcz0g;rSrYJSeuf&pS v f ;Hk udk xd;k qGr&d mrS
wpfqdkYrmausmaeaom aoG;aMumrsm;aNyyGifhum aoG;avvnfywfrI tvGefacsmrGwf aumif;rGefoGm;NyD;aemufydkif;wGif
rnfrQtNyif;txef vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufonfNzpfap armyef;Ncif;? touf&SLr0Ncif;? acgif;xJ rMunfvifNcif;rsKd;
rNzpfawmhay/
pdwftm&kHvef;qef;pGm tarmtyef;r&SdbJ pdwfwdkif;usvIyf&Sm; wdkufckdufEdkifcJhonf/

320
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefaNymovdk rdrd\wdkufckdufaom tm;tifESifh udk,fcE¨mcHEdkif&nfpGrf;tm;wdkY o[ZmwNzpfum
rQwnD n G w f o G m ;Ncif ; Nzpf a yvd r f h r nf [ k &S D ; xif c sd w f a wG ; rd o nf / xd k o k d Y awG ; rd a omaMumif h tawmf y if
tm;wuf&Tifvef;oGm;&onf/
]]rif;[m rSYJ &pS v
f ;Hk &Sif Nzpfaew,fqakd wmh rif;taeeJY a&Smifvifausmif;awmfukd oGm;zkYd oifw h ,fvYkd igxifw,f}}
,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tMuHay;onf/
]]uRefawmf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk oGm;r,fqdk&if tbu uRefawmfeJYtwl vdkufcJhEdkifrvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm ,efavmufqefudk cifrifav;pm;pdwf&SdvmNyDrdkY ,kH,kHMunfMunfyif ar;vdkufonf/
,efavmufqefuvnf; ausauseyfeyfyif NyKH;&Tifum ...
]][ ... vkdufrSmayghuG? ckcsdefrSm rif;eJYigu rdwf&if;aqG&if;awG NzpfaeNyDyJ}}
]]aumif;NyD? 'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY a&Smifvifausmif;awmfudk oGm;Mur,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqef\ vuftpkHudk 0rf;omtm;&yif zspfnp§ fvdkufrdawmhonf/
odkif;avmu\ NzpfysufaNymif;vJrIrsm;onf awG;qNcif;iSm rpGrf;omatmif qef;Nym;vSonf/
bmr[kwfonfh tnw&vkvifwpfa,mufonf vQrf;vQrf;awmufausmfMum;onfh odkif;tausmf
tarmfwpfa,muf NzpfcsifNzpfvmEdkifonf/ xdwfxdwfMuJ odkif;tausmftarmfMuD;wpfa,mufonf aeYcsif;ncsif;yif
bmrQrpGrf;aqmifEdkifonfh 'kud©wb0rsKd;udk a&mufcsifvnf; a&mufoGm;Edkifonf/
odkif;usrf;wpfql? "m;aumif;wpfvuf? vufeufqef;wpfrsKd;wdkYaMumifh odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf tHhrcef;atmif
wdk;wufvmEdkifovdk tm;tifcsnfheJYNyD; b0qkH;oGm;&onfhtNzpfrsKd;vnf; MuKHEdkifonf/
rnfokdYyifqdkap vkyfp&m&Sdonfrsm;udkawmh vkyf&rnf/ vkyfaqmifrSom tusKd;qufrsm; Nzpfay:vmayrnf/
xdUk aMumifv
h nf; ,efavmufqefonf &S;D xifcsdwu f kd a&Smifvifausmif;awmfoYdk oGm;a&muf&ef tMuHay;cJNh yD; twlwuG
tazmfNyKvdkufyg&ef uwday;cJhNcif;Nzpfonf/
rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifay:aygufvmvQif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ vQKdU0Sufypönf;udk ay;tyfrnfqdkonfhtaMumif;rSm
,cktcgwGif okdif;tausmftarmftm;vkH;eD;yg; od&Sdaeonfh vQKdU0SufcsufNzpfaeayNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;vQif wpfckr[kwfwpfckawmh xl;Ncm;&rnf[k
,efavmufqefwGufxm;chJonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfokdYa&mufoGm;vQif rnfokdYaom tNzpfrsm;ESifh MuKH&rnfenf;/
rnfokdYaom tusKd;qufrsm; ay:vmavrnfenf;/

a&Smifvifausmif;awmfodkY a&SU&Ium c&D;xGufvmcJhMuaom &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwkdYonf


vrf;c&D;wGif&Sdaom MunfeefNrdKUodkU a&mufvmMuonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf MunfeefNrdKUokdU a&muf&SdoGm;csdefonf
ESpfopful;yGJawmf tcsdeftcgESifh MuKHMudKufaeonf/
ESpfopful;yGJawmfqifETJMuolrsm;Nzifh MunfeefNrdKUrSm pnfum;aeonf/ vrf;ao;vrf;NrTm;rsm;ygrusef
MunfeefNrdKU\ &SdorQvrf;rsm;wGif rD;a&mifpkHrsm; xGef;n§dxm;onf/
vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif toGifoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;&Sdaom rD;ykH;rsm;udk vSypGmNyKvkyfxGef;n§dxm;onfhtNyif
MunfhcsifyGJrsm;? pm;aomufqdkifrsm;vnf; trsm;tNym;yif &Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYonf MuufysHruspnfum;vSaom vlrsm;tMum;wGif wkd;oGm;um
ESpfopful;yGJawmfqifETJaeonfrsm;udk vkdufvHMunfh&IMuonf/
xdkokdYvkdufvHMunfh&I&if; MunfeefNrdKU\ t"durif;vrf;ay:&Sd tdrfa*[mMuD;wpfckem;odkY a&mufvmonf/
tdrfa*[mMuD;u MuD;rm;chHxnfovdk NcH0if;MuD;uvnf; us,f0ef;vSonf/
xdktdrfa*[mMuD;wGifvnf; ESpfopful;yGJawmf tpOftvmtwdkif; rD;ykH;a&mifpkHrsm; xGef;n§dxm;onf/
rD;ykH;rsm;xGef;ndx§ m;ykHrSm wrsKd;qef;onf/
e*g;a&mifpkH rD;ykH;toGif NyKvkyfxGef;n§dxm;onf/
NyKvkyfxm;aom e*g;a&mifpkHrD;ykH;MuD;onfvnf; tvGefyifMuD;rm;vSonf/

321
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;MuD ; \ OD ; acgif ; ES i f h y g;pyf o nf NcH 0 if ; yif r t0if w H c g;rMuD ; ae&mwG i f & S d u m &S n f v sm;aom
udk,fvkH;MuD;uawmh NcH0if;MuD;\ tkwfeH&Hywfvnfudk 0ef;ywfxm;onf/
a&mifpkHpuúLrsm;Nzifh tuGufcsykHazmfumNyKvkyfxm;NyD; twGif;bufwGif rD;xGef;n§dxm;onfhtwGuf
ta&mifrsKd;pkH NydK;Nyufum xGef;vif;íaeonf/
a&mifpkHe*g;MuD;wpfaumifu tdrfNcH0if;MuD;udk ywf&Hxm;onfhtoGifrsKd; Nzpfaeonf/
]]'DNcH0if;MuD;eJY tdrfa*[mMuD;u w,fcrf;em;ygvm;? ydkif&Sifu b,folrsm;vJ[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu olUtem;&Sd vlwpfa,mufudk pl;prf;ar;Nref;vdkufonf/
]]rdwfaqGav;udkMunfh&wm MunfeefNrdKUudk 'DwpfacgufyJ a&mufzl;ykH&w,f}}
MunfeefNrdKU\ rsufESmzkH;wpfa,muftaMumif;udk pl;prf;ar;Nref;vmonfhtwGuf xdkvlu NyKH;a,mifNyKum
Nyefar;\/
þtdrfa*[mydkif&SifrSm MunfeefNrdKU\ emrnfausmfMum;xif&Sm;vSaom yk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muf Nzpfayonf/
MunfeefNrdKUokdU wcgwacguf a&mufzl;olrsm;yif xdktdrfa*[m&Siftrnfudkawmh od&SdoGm;Muonf/
]][kwfuJh ... t&ifwkef;u wacgufrS ra&mufzl;ygbl;cifAsm? 'DwacgufyJ c&D;MuKHvdkY a&mufvmwmyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefaNymonf/
]]tdrfa*[m&Sif&JUemrnfu ukef;pGef;csDvdkYac:w,f? aNre*g;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;aygh? odkif;ynmpGrf;
xuf N ruf o vd k pd w f a pwemvnf ; aumif ; w,f ? tul t nD v d k t yf v d k Y ol U qD o G m ;&if wwf E d k i f o rQ ul n D
aqmif&Gufay;vdkufwmyJ}}
xk d o l o nf uk e f ; pG e f c sD u d k tawmf y if txif M uD ; av;pm;[ef w l o nf / uk e f ; pG e f c sD t aMumif ; ud k
*kPf,lpGmcsD;rGrf;&if; aNymaeonf/
xdt k cduk rf mS yif tNcm;vlrsm;wd;k vmaomaMumifh &S;D xifcsw d Ef iS hf pum;tcst
D csaNymaeolrmS tNcm;ae&mbufoYdk
a&mufoGm;\/
]]b,fhES,fvJtb? [kdvlaNymoGm;wmawG [kwfEdkifyghrvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqef\oabmxm;udk pl;prf;Munfhonf/
]]olaNymoavmufvnf; [kwfr,fhykH r&Sdygbl;}}
,efavmufqefu EIwfcrf;wGefU&kHrQNyKH;NyD; NyeftaNzay;\/
NcH0if;MuD;xJrS vloHrsm;ESifh wD;rIwfoHrsm;ay:xGufaeonf/ {nfhcHyGJwpfckck usif;yNyKvkyfae[efwlonf/
NcH0if;tNyifbufwGif vlrsm;pk&kH;pk&kH;NzpfaeMuaomfvnf; NcH0if;xJokdYrl 0ifcGifhr&Muay/ NcH0if;xJ&Sd{nfhcHyGJrSm
txl;zdwfMum;xm;olrsm;twGuf oD;oefYNyKvkyfxm;Ncif; NzpfykH&onf/
NcH0if;\ yifrt0if0wGif udk,fum,MuHUckdifwmifhwif;aom odkif;orm;ESpfa,mufu rm;rm;MuD;&yfum
apmifhMuyfaeonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf ukef;pGefcsD\NcH0if;xJwGif NyKvkyfaeaom {nfhcHyGJudk pdwf0ifpm;rdonf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY NcH0if;xJ0ifMunfhMu&if aumif;r,fxifw,f? b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefxHwGif tultnDawmif;vdkufonf/
]]vG,fygw,fuGm? rif;'Dem;rSmom cPapmifhae? igtckyJ NyefvmcJhr,f}}
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwftem;rScGmum vltkyfxJwdk;a0SU0ifa&mufoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmrl xdkae&mwGif&yfvsuf apmifhusefaecJhonf/
cPtMumwGif ,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&mokdY NyKH;pdpdtrlt&mNzifh Nyefa&mufvmonf/
]]vma[h NcH0if;xJudk 0ifMu&atmif}}
&SD;xifcsdwf &kwfw&uf tHhMooGm;&onf/ ,efavmufqefu tykdiftEdkif ac:iifaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
]]Asm ... Nzpfyghrvm;tb&JU}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu r,kHr&JESifh Nyefar;onf/
]]Nzpfygw,fuGm? vdkufrSmomvdkufcJhprf;yg}}
,efavmufqefonf aNymaNymqdkqdkyif &SD;xifcsdwfudk vufqGJac:NyD; NcH0if;aygufokdY avQmufvSrf;oGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm ,efavmufqefqGJac:&maemufokdY a,mifeeESifh ygvmcJhonf/
322
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tpu NcH0if;wae&m&mrSaeí ykef;vQKd;uG,fvQKd; wdk;0ifoGm;Mu&rnf[k xifrdao;onf/
odkYaomf ,efavmufqefu tapmifhokdif;orm; ESpfa,muf&Sdaeonfh NcH0if;aygufqDokdY cyfwnfwnf
yifoGm;ae&m &SD;xifcsdwfrSm b,fvdkrSyif rawG;wwfatmif Nzpfaeav\/
,efavmufqefudk Munfh&onfrSm NcH0if;xJodkY aNymifaNymifwif;wif; 0ifa&mufoGm;rnfhtoGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
tapmifhokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufu wm;qD;vQif b,fvdkvkyfrnfenf;/ xdktapmifhokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk
wdkufckdufxdk;azmuf0ifa&mufoGm;&rnfvm;/
'Dvdkvkyfívnf; oifhavsmfrnfrxif/ NyóemawGtm;vkH; &IyfaxG;ukefEdkifonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif odkYavmokdYavm awG;awm&if;yif NcH0if;t0ifwHcg;aygufa&SUokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
,efavmufqefu ta&mifw0if;0if;awmufyaeonfh aMu;Nym;0dkif;ESpfckudk xkwfNyonf/
&S;D xifcsw
d rf mS tawG;aygif;pkNH zifh acgif;&Iyaf ecsed Nf zpfaomaMumifh ,efavmufqefxw k Nf yonfh aMu;Nym;rsm;wGif
bmawGa&;xGif;xm;onfukdyif rMunfhvkdufEdkif/ ta&mif0if;0if;vufvuf awmufaNymifaeonfudkom
owdxm;vdkufrdavonf/
aMu;Nym;0kdif;rsm;udkNrifvdkufonfESifh tapmifhokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf wpkHw&maNymqdkaeNcif;r&SdbJ
a&Sma&Sm&SL&SL 0ifcGifhNyKonfhtNyif &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudkyif t&dktaoay;vdkufMuavao;onf/
þtcgwGifrS oD;oefY{nfhonfrsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh aMu;Nym;0dkif;ESpfckudk ,efavmufqef
tvpfEIduf,lvmcJhNcif;NzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf &dyfrdavawmhonf/
]]uRefawmfwkdYudkzdwfMum;xm;wJh {nfhonfawGr[kwfwm odoGm;&if cufaer,faemf}}
NcH0if;xJokdY0ifa&mufvm&if; &SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk cyfwkd;wkd;aNymonf/
]]rif;uvnf; awG;ylraeprf;ygeJY? 'DNcH0if;xJrmS vlawGtrsm;MuD;a&mufaewmyg? igwdUk udck NJG cm;NyD; b,fou l rS
oHo,rNzpfEdkifygbl;}}
,efavmufqefu cyfat;at;yif/
,efavmufqef\aNympum; rSefuefaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwfawGU&onf/ NcH0if;MuD;u us,f0ef;oavmuf
NcH0if;xJwGif {nfhy&dowfvnf; tawmfyifrsm;onf/
NcH0ef;MuD;uus,f0ef;ovdk tdrfa*[mMuD;uvnf; taqmifaqmiftcef;cef;ESifh cHhnm;vSonf/
NcH0if;xJwiG f yef;yifrsm;udk tuGucf sum pepfwuspu kd yf sK;d xm;onf/ yef;aygif;pkw
H Ydk zl;yGiahf 0qmaeMuonfrmS
tvGefyifvSyonf/ MumrsKd;pkHwdkYESifh wifhw,faeaom a&uefi,fwpfckvnf; &Sdonf/ a&uef\ab;em;wGif
pdrf;vef;NyefYNyL;aeaom Nrufcif;us,f&SdNyD; xdkNrufcif;ay:wGif ZmwfyGJrsm;cif;usif;wifqufaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf a*[m&Sifodkif;orm;MuD; ukef;pGefcsDudkawGUNrif tuJcwfvdkaomaMumifh ZmwfyGJrsm;ESifh
pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;&Sd&mbufokdY roGm;bJ tdrfa*[mMuD;bufokdY avQmufvmcJhMuonf/
]]txJudk MuGMuygcifAsm}}
{nfhMudKvli,fav;wpfa,mufu &SD;xifcsdwfESifh,efavmufqefwdkYudk MudKqdkum tdrfa*[m\ yifr
cef;raqmif MuD;xJokdY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
cef;raqmifMuD;\t0if0wGif taumif;pm;ydk;pMuD;wpfck csdwfqGJxm;NyD; ydk;pMuD;ay:wGif ]rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJ}
[laom pmvkH;MuD;rsm; a&;om;xm;onf/
tzdk;wef taumif;pm;0wfpkHudk 0wfqifxm;aom toufaNcmufq,fcefY&Sd tbkd;MuD;wpfa,mufonf
t0if0em;wGif &yfaeum olYudkvma&mufEIwfqufMuolrsm;tm; wNyKH;NyKH;ESifhwkHYNyef EIwfcGef;qufaeonf/
]]tJ'Dtbdk;MuD;[m a*[m&Sifukef;pGef;csD NzpfEdkifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk wdk;wkd;aNymonf/
,efavmufqefu bmrQraNymbJ acgif;udkom rodromndwfNyonf/
odik ;f avmutawGUtMuKH &ifu h sufaom ,efavmufqefonf uke;f pGecf sD&&dS modYk teD;uyfroGm;bJ ta0;rSom
rodromtuJcwfMunfhaeonf/ okdYaomf ukef;pGefcsDonf ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk vSrf;NrifoGm;NyD; ...
]]a[m ... rdwfaqGwdkYygvm;? tckvdk usKyf&JUrdwfqkHr*Fvm pm;aomufyGJudk vma&mufcsD;Nr§ifhwJhtwGuf
trsm;MuD;0rf;omygw,f}}
323
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ukef;pGefcsDonf a&muf&Sdvmonfh rsm;Nym;vSaom {nfhonfy&dowfrsm;udk wpfOD;csif;pD rrSwfrdonfhtwGuf
NriforQvlrsm;tm; ]rdwfaqG} [kac:um EIwfqufaeNcif;Nzpfonf/
ukef;pGefcsDu vSrf;íEIwfqufaomaMumifh ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYrSmvnf; rwwfombJ
ukef;pGefcsDteD;okdY wdk;uyfoGm;um *g&0NyKvdkufMu&onf/
]]oluawmh usKyf&JU a*[mrª;MuD; rdef;csifyg}}
ukef;pGefcsDu olUab;em;wGif cyfukyfukyfav;&yfaeolwpfa,mufudk nTefNyNyD; rdwfqufay;onf/
rdef;csifqdkolonf ydefydefyg;yg; tbdk;tdkwpfa,mufNzpfonf/ touft&G,f rnfa&GUrnfrQ&SdNyDqdkNcif;udk
cefYrSef;&efcufonf/ rsufvkH;rsm;u odrf;iSufrsufvkH;vdkpl;&Sum ta&mifwzsyfzsyf awmufyaeonf/
rsufESmtrlt&muvnf; rsufESmaoMuD;Nzpfonf/ wavmuvkH;&Sdvlrsm;u olUudk0dkif;tEdkifusifhxm;onfudk
cH&onfhtwGuf rausreyfNzpfaeonfhtoGifrsKd;/
]]rdwfaqGMuD;&JUemrnfudk usKyfrrSwfrdbJ Nzpfaew,f? aNymNyygOD;}}
rdef;csif;onf ,efavmufqefudk awmufyaomrsufvkH;rsmESifh pl;pl;&J&JMunfhNyD; ar;\/
tMunfhupl;&Sonf/ tm;tifowådvnf; tvGefyifNynfh0onf/ ,efavmufqefrSm xdktMunfhaMumifh
&ifxJwGifyif 'def;ceJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;&onf/
]]usKyf ... ,efavmufqefyg}}
pl;&SaomtMunfhaMumifh pdwfñdIUcHxm;&olyrmNzpfaeaom ,efavmufqefu vTwfceJaNzvkdufrdonf/
rdrdEIwfvGefoGm;NyDudk csufcsif;odvdkufaomfvnf; b,fvdkrQ NyefvnfNyKNyifzmax;í r&Edkifawmhay/
]]b,f o l r sm;vJ v d k Y ? t&d k ; aysmh ,ef a vmuf q ef u d k ; ? emrnf a wmh Mum;zl ; ygw,f ? rd w f a qG v d k
emrnfMuD;yk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muf udk,fwdkifMuGa&mufvmwm usKyfwdkYtzkdY *kPf,lp&mygyJ}}
0rf;omMudKqdkonfhpum;rsm; Nzpfaomfvnf; rdef;csifonf rsufESmaoMuD;ESifh aNymaeaomaMumifh pum;oHu
toufuif;rJhíaeonf/
rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifhrSef; rod? a*[m&SifMuD; ukef;pGefcsDonf ,efavmufqefudkom OD;pm;ay;NyD;
{nfhcHonf/ usef{nfhonfrsm;udk ta&;rvkyfawmhay/
ukef;pGefcsDu ,efavmufqefudk oD;oefYpm;yGJ0kdif;rsm;&Sd&mbufokdY ac:oGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfudk
,efavmufqef\ aemufvdkufwynfhav;[kyif xifaeykH&onf/ txl;{nfhonfrsm;0kdif;wGif 0ifcGifhray;vdkoNzifh
omrefokdif;orm;{nfhonfrsm; &Sd&mokdYom rdef;csifudk ydkYaqmifay;aponf/
rwwfomawmhonfh taNctaewGif &S;D xifcsw d o
f nf ,efavmufqefukd t&kt d aoay;NyD; rde;f csi\ f aemufoYkd
vkdufoGm;&awmhonf/
tu,fí ,ckusif;yaomyGo J nf rnfonfyh rJG sKd;NzpfNyD; a&muf&v dS monfh txl;{nfoh nfrsm;xJwiG f rnfoal wG
yg0ifaeonfudkodvQif &SD;xifcsdwfonf zdwfpmckepfapmifNzifh ckepfMudrfckepfcg vma&mufzdwfMum;onfhwdkifatmif
þyGJudk wufa&mufrnfr[kwfay/
,ckawmh pl;prf;vdkpdwfNzifh bmrSef;nmrSef;rodbJ ukef;pGefcsD\rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJokdY a&muf&Sdae&avNyD/
MunfeefNrdKU olaX;MuD;ukef;pGefcsD\aetdrfwGif usif;yNyKvkyfaom rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJonf omref&dk;&dk;
rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJr[kwfay/
ta&;ygt&ma&mufvSonfh rdwfqkHyGJwpfckNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYonf xdkrdwfqkHr*FvmyGJ\ taMumif;Ncif;&m tpkHtvifudkrodbJ
pl;prf;vdkaompdwfESifh 0ifa&mufyg0ifrdMuonf/
tdrfa*[mtwGif;&Sd oD;oefYpm;yGJ0kdif;wGif e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyf vltif;0g;? e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkH?
e*g;euf*dkPf;csKyf xefawmuf&kefESifh rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kefwkdY xdkifaeMuonf/
xdYk Nyif txl;pm;yG0J idk ;f wGirf l &kyaf Nymif;0dZmÆ aNrmufcek cf ek Ef iS hf ,leefNynfe,f e,fpyfa'orS aNrmifvrl sK;d tqdy0f Zd mÆ
ydkifwk&Sifponfh vrf;vTJodkif;orm;qdk; tausmftarmfrsm; &SdaeMuonf/
aNrmufckefckefonf &nfrGefaomoufvwfydkif;t&G,f pmayorm;wpfa,muftoGif &kyfaNymif;xm;&m
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY rsufESmcsif;qdkifrdvQifyif rSwfrdod&Sdrnf r[kwfay/
324
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aNrmufckefckefurl ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYESpfa,mufudk awGUNrifonfESifh rSwfrdoGm;NyDNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkUudk awGUvdkufaomtcg rsufvkH;rsm;u at;pufrmausmoGm;cJhonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ukef;pGefcsDu rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJpwifaMumif; aNymqdkaMuNimNyD; MuGa&mufvmMuaom
oD;oefY{nfhonfawmfav;a,mufudk t&ufwpfcGufpD udk,fwdkifiSJYum *kPfNyKwdkufauR;onf/
tdrfa*[m trIxrf;rsm;uvnf; pm;yGJ0dkif;toD;oD;wGif pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk wNydKifwnf;yif
cif;usif;vkdufMuonf/
oD;oefY{nfhonfawmfav;a,mufNzpfaom ydkifusifvkH? vltif;0g;? xefawmuf&kefESifh qmhcsif[kefwdkYudk
t&ufwpfcGufpD udk,fwdkifiSJUum *kPfNyKwdkufauR;NyD;aemuf ukef;pGefcsDu pwifpum;aNymMum;onf/
]]MuGa&mufvmMuwJh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;av;OD;eJYwuG {nfhonftaygif;udk tckvdk q,fESpfwpfMudrf usif;ywJh
rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJrSm csD;Nr§ifhvmMuwJhtwGuf trsm;MuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ 'DaeUrdwfqkHr*FvmyGJrSm u0draem
odkif;tEG,f0ifawGtwGuf ta&;MuD;wJh taMumif;t&mwpfckudk aNymNycsifygw,f}}
ukef;pGefcsDonf pum;udk qufvufraNymMum;ao;bJ &yfwefYum odkif;orm;taygif;tm; tuJcwfovdk
Munfhonf/
tm;vkH;yif Nidrfoufvsuf ukef;pGefcsD bmawGqufaNymrnfenf;[k tm&kHpkdufum em;pGifhaeMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDu acsmif;wcsuf[efYvdkufNyD; qufvufí ...
]]usKyfaNymcsifwmuawmh odkif;avmu&JU xdyfwef;okdif;ynmMuD; ESpf&yfNzpfwJh u0draemokdif;eJY
rdpämraemokdif;wkdU taMumif;ygyJ}}
ukef;pGefcsD\ pum;rqkH;rDrSmyif cyftkyftkyf wD;wkD;aNymqdkoHrsm; ay:vmonf/
odik ;f avmuwGif rdpmä raemokid ;f ESihf u0draemokid ;f wdUk onf wpfcEk iS w hf pfck tm;NydKifEikd o
f nhf odik ;f ynmMuD;rsm;
NzpfaMumif; odkif;tausmftarmftm;vkH;u odxm;Muaomfvnf; xdkokdif;ynmESpfcktaMumif;udk y&dowftv,fwGif
yGifhyGifhvif;vif; xkwfazmfaNymqdkNcif; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;Ncif;rsm; rNyKMuzl;ay/
rdrdwdkY\ pdwfxJwGifom rsKdodyfvQKdU0Suf xm;cJhMuonf/ trsm;odaeMuonfh udpöNzpfaomfvnf;
vQKdU0Suftyfonfhudpöonf vQKdU0SufrSom aumif;rnf[laom cH,lcsufNzifh vQKdU0Sufxm;cJhMuNcif;vnf;Nzpfonf/
,ck uke;f pGecf sDu u0draemokid ;f ESihf rdpmä raemokid ;f wkYd \trnfrsm;udk cyfv, G v f ,
G yf ifwí JG y&dowftv,fü
xk w f a zmf a Nymqd k v d k u f & m Mum;&ol o d k i f ; orm;taygif ; rS m rd r d w d k Y \ &if x J w G i f rsKd o d y f v QKd U 0S u f x m;onf h
pum;rsm;&kwfNcnf; azmufcGJazmfxkwf cHvdkuf&onfhtvm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;Muonf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf aNymvufp pum;udk rqufao;bJ tom&yfwefYxm;vdkuf\/
olonf pum;udk ydkifykdifEdkifEdkif xdxdrdrd aNymwwfolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ rnfonfhpum;udk
rnfokdYaomtcsdefwGif rnfokdYaom[ef[dwfrsKd;Nzifh aNymoifhonfudk aumif;pGmem;vnfonf/
,ck okdif;{nfhonftaygif; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; wD;wdk;wD;wdk; cyftkyftkyf aNymqdkaeMuonfudkMunfhum
rdrdpwifvkdufaompum;rSm Mum;&olwdktay: vTrf;rdk;xm;EdkifaMumif; ay:vGifaeonfrdkY tawmfyifauseyfoGm;onf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf vdr®myg;eyfpGmyif pum;udk acwå&yfumapmifhqdkif;vsuf wD;wdk;aNymqdkEdkif&ef tcsdeftenf;i,f
ay;vkdufNyD;aemuf nmvufudk tomaNr§mufNyvkdufonf/
wD;wdk;aNymqdkaeoHrsm; &kwfNcnf;wdwfoGm;onf/ okdif;{nfhonftaygif;\ rsufvkH;rsm;u ukef;pGefcsDxHodkY
a&mufvmMuonf/
]]u0draemokdif;taMumif;udkawmh taxGtxl;aNymaep&m rvdkygbl;? MuGa&mufvmMuwJh {nfhonfawmf
awG[m u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawG NzpfwmaMumifh u0draemodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufeJY usifhpOfckepfrsKd;&SdNyD;
e*g;u0dcek pfqw l Ykd u u0draemokid ;f usihpf OfwpfrsKd;pDukd wwfaNrmufxm;Muw,fqw kd thJ aMumif; odMuNyD; Nzpfygw,f}}
uk e f ; pG e f c sD \ avoH r S m cyf a t;at;yif N zpf o nf / omref x rif ; pm;a&aomuf pum;rsKd ; ud k
aNymqdkaeonfhtoGifNzpfonf/
odkYaomf olYpum;rsm;u y&dowf\pdwftm&kHudk aumif;pGmyif vTrf;rdk;qGJaqmifxm;Edkifonf/ tm;vkH;onf
ukef;pGefcsDaNymqdkonfrsm;udk Nidrfí em;axmifaeMuonf/

325
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]u0draemodkif;[m NydKifbufuif;wJh okdif;ynmwpfckyg? usifhpOfwrsKd;rsKd;eJY u0draemodkif;uGuf
q,f&h pS u
f u G u
f kd wwfaNrmufxm;w,fq&kd ifyJ tm*okid ;f orm;&,fvYkd okid ;f avmurSm armfEikd yf gw,f? tJ ... u0draem
odkif;udk xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkif Edkifwmuawmh rdpämraemodkif;ygyJ}}
cef;raqmifxJwGif ukef;pGefcsD\ at;aq;aom pum;oHuom ay:xGufíaeonf/
]]t&ifuqdk&if rdpämraemodkif;[m emrnfyJ&SdcJhygw,f/ rdpämraemodkif;usrf; b,fae&mrSm &Sdaew,fqdkwm
owif;tpteav;awmifrS ray:aygufcJhygbl;? 'gaMumifh rdpämraemodkif;&JU &ifqdkiftefwkvmr,fhta&;udk usKyfwkdY
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawGtaeeJY b,fvkdrS pkd;&drfp&m r&SdcJhygbl;? 'gayr,fh 'Dae&mrSmawmh taNctae[m
wrsKd;aNymif;vJoGm;cJhygNyD}}
ukef;pGefcsDonf pum;udkwrifyif &yfwefYxm;vdkufNyefonf/ cef;raqmifxJwGif Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfí
oGm;onf/
odkif;{nfhonfrsm;onf ukef;pGefcsD qufaNymrnfhpum;rsm;udk tvGefodcsifaeMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDu pum;udk awmfawmfESifhrqufbJ &Sdaeonf/
odkif;{nfhonf taygif;\pdwfxJ r&dk;r&GNzpfatmif zefwD;vdkufNcif;yif/
]]tckawmh b,fvdktaNctae aNymif;oGm;wmvJ? aNymprf;ygOD;}}
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kefu odvdkpdwfudk ratmifhtnf;EdkifawmhbJ ar;vdkufonf/
onfvdk tar;taxmufpum;rsKd;udk apmifhaeaom ukef;pGefcsDonf qmhcsif[kefudk rodromOD;nTwfvdkufum
qufvufíaNymonf/
ukef;pGefcsDu qufaNymonf/
]]'DaeU 'DtcsdefrSm rdpämraemodkif;usrf; ay:xGufvmawmhr,fh taNctae Nzpfay:aeygw,f? odkif;ynm&Sif
wpfa,mufa,muf 'grSr[kwf okdif;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckck&JU vufxJudka&muf&Sdaumif; a&muf&SdaeEdkifw,f?
'DtaNctaeudk usKyfwkdY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawG taeeJY b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ b,fvdk&ifqdkifMurvJqdkwm
pOf;pm;MuzkdYygyJ}}
ukef;pGefcsD\ aNymMum;csufrsm;onf u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdYtzdkY pdwfvIyf&Sm;wkefvIyfzG,f&m
taMumif;udpörsm; Nzpfayonf/
þpum;rsm;aMumifh odkif;orm;taygif;onf pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;Muaomfvnf; rnfonfhpum;udkrQ &kwfw&uf
rqdkMubJ Nidrfcsufom; aumif;aeMuonf/
cef;raqmifxJwGif tyfusoHudk Mum;&avmufatmifyif wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/
wa,mufa,mufu wpkHw&m aNymvmavrnfvm;[k ukef;pGefcsD tomapmifhvifh em;pGifhaeao;onf/
rnfolrQ pum;rqdk/
ukef;pGefcsDonf pkd;&drfrIvGefuJonfh trlt&mrsKd; aqmifvdkufNyD; pum;udkqufaNymonf/
]]usKyfwkdY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawGtMum;rSm pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrI ysufNym;aewmuawmh pdk;&drfp&m
aumif;avmufatmifudk NzpfaeygNyD? wNcm;udkrMunfheJY? u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;a&SUaqmifawGNzpfwJh
e*g;u0dckepfql[m tcsif;csif;wkdifyif ESD;aESmEdkifatmifvdkU q,fESpfwpfMudrf a[m'DMunfeefNrdKUrSm awGUqkHMur,fvdkU
uwdu0wfNyKxm;Muayr,fh 'DaeYrdwfqkHyGJrSm e*g;u0db,fESpfa,muf a&mufvmw,fqdkwm tm;vkH;tNrifygyJ}}
u0draemodkif;wGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGufyg0ifNyD; usifhpOfckepfrsKd;&Sdonf/ e*g;u0dckepfql[kac:aom
odkif;ynm&SifckepfOD;u usifhpOfwrsKd;pDudk wwfaNrmufxm;Muonf/
u0draemodkif;\ usifhpOfckepfrsKd;vkH;udk wwfaNrmufvQif odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf tvGefyifxufNrufEdkifonf/
odkYaomf e*g;u0dckepfqlwdkYonf rdrdwdkYwwfaNrmufxm;onfh u0draemokdif;usifhpOfudk rdrdwdkY\
wynfh&if;rsm; rSvGJí tNcm;e*g;u0drsm;\ wynfhrsm;udk oifMum;ay;Ncif; r&SdcJhay/
þokdYNzifh e*g;NzLa*[m? e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh
aNre*g;*dkPf;[lí u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifwkdYonf *dkPf;tzGJUckepfck uGJNym;aecJhonf/
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftm;vkH; pkpnf;rdum usifhpOfckepfrsKd;vkH; aygif;pyfrdrnfhtcsdefudk u0draem
okdif;tEG,f0ifwkdif; pdwful;,OfarQmfvifhaecJhMuonf/
326
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
okdY&mwGif e*g;u0dckepfqltMum; wpfOD;ay:wpfOD; ,kHMunfrIr&SdbJ tcsif;csif;NydKifqdkifaerIaMumifh
u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifwdkY pkpnf;aygif;pyf&efrSm avxJwGif wdkuftdrfaqmufovdk taNctaersKd; &SdaecJhonf/
]]usKyfwpfck aNymcsifygw,f}}
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kefu pum;ponf/
]][kwfuJh aNymygcifAs aNymyg}}
ukef;pGefcsDu pum;axmufay;onf/
]]usKyfwdkYe*g;u0dckepfqlwdkY q,fESpfwpfMudrf a[m'DMunfeefNrdKUu rdwfaqGMuD;ukef;pGefcsD&JU tdrfa*[mrSm
rdwfqkHyGJtNzpf awGUqkHMuzkdY uwdu0wfNyKxm;Muwmuawmh rSefygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'DvdkrdwfqkHyGJawGrSm
b,fwkef;ursm; tcsif;csif; nDnDnGwfnGwf&SdzdkU aNymqdkcJhMuzl;ovJ? rdwfaqGMuD; udk,fwkdifuawmifrS tJ'Dpum;rsKd;
raNymcJhzl;ygbl;? awGUqkHMu&if udk,fxif&mrSefw,fqdkNyD; aNymMuqdkMu tNiif;yGm;MueJY rdwfqkHyGJr[kwfbJ &efrD;yGm;yGJ
vkyfay;ovdkNzpfaecJhw,f r[kwfvm;? rdwfqkHyGJqdkwm emrnfom&SdaeNyD; t"dyÜm,frJhaeovdk NzpfaecJhw,fav}}
qmhusif[kef\pum;rSm rrSm;ay/
e*g;u0dckepfqlwdkYonf rdrdwdkY\odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfudk rdrdwdkYtxifMuD;um ]ig} [laom rmefrme
xufoefaeMuonf/ q,fESpfwpfMudrf rdwfqkHyGJNyKvkyfonfh tpOftvm r&SdcJhvQif rdrdwdkYbmomrdrdwkdY woD;wNcm;pD
owfowfaexdkifvkyfaqmifum olUbmomol &Sdaumif;&SdaeEdkifonf/
xdkifaetaumif;om; xoGm;rSusKd;rSef;od qdkbdouJhokdY q,fESpfwpfMudrf rdwfqkHyGJNyKvkyfum tcsif;csif;
qkHrdMu&mwGif wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf olwNyefukd,fwNyef tNiif;yGm;&mrS rvdkvm;tyfaom &efrD;rsm;
awmufavmifNyD; oufqdkif&m*dkPf;0iftcsif;csif; wzufESifhwzuf udk,fxdvufa&muf wkdufckdufrIrsm;txd Nzpfay:
vmcJh&ayawmhonf/
xdkUaMumifhvnf; e*g;u0dckepfql[k ausmfMum;aeaom odkif;ynm&SifMuD;ckepfa,mufteuf MunfeefNrdKU
rdwfqkHyGJokdY tcsKdUomwufa&mufMuNyD; tcsKdUurlrvma&mufawmhbJ ausmcdkif;umaecJhMuonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ydkifusifvkHonf xdkifae&mrSxvdkufonf/
cef;raqmifxJ&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;\tMunfhu ydkifusifvkHxHokdY a&muf&SdoGm;Muonf/
]]rdpämraemodkif;usrf; ay:aygufvmNyD; rdpämraemodkif;ynm wwfaNrmufwJhvlawG &Sdvm&ifvJ usKyfwdkYtaeeJY
ta&;vkyfNyD; pkd;&drfylyefaep&m rvdkygbl;}}
ydkifusifvkH\pum;onf wnfNidrfaeaom uefa&NyifxufokdY ausmufcJwpfvkH; ypfcsvdkufovdkNzpfum
cef;raqmifxJwGif wD;wdk;pum;aNymoHrsm; aomaomnHoGm;awmhonf/
toHrsm;wdwfoGm;rS ydkifusifvkHu qufaNymonf/
]]u0draemodik ;f &JU pGr;f yum; b,favmufMuD;NyD; u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f iftiftm; b,favmuf rsm;Nym;w,f
qdkwm tm;vkH;todyg? e*g;u0dckepfqlxJu wpfa,mufa,mufu OD;pD;a&SUaqmiftNzpf u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawG
tm;vk;H udk acgif;aqmifay;r,fq&kd if usKyfwYkd ukd b,fou l vmtefwEk ikd rf mS vJ? usKyfwYkd u b,foUl udk aMumufaep&m
vdkovJ}}
pum;oHrsm; a0gceJ qlnHvmNyefonf/
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kefonf xdkifae&mrSqwfceJ x&yfum ...
]]cifAsm;aNymwmu bmrSrqef;wJh udpöyg? 'Dvdk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftm;vkH;udk pkpnf;a&SUaqmifr,fh
acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf wifaNr§mufzYkd upd u ö kd [k;d t&ift
h &ifu tMudrMf udrf aNymcJqh ckd MhJ uNyD;NyDy?J 'Dacgif;aqmifae&mudk
&,lEdkifzkdYtwGuf Niif;MuckHMu&if;eJY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawG tcsif;csif; &efrD;yGm;wdkufckdufcJhMuwJh wdkufyGJawG
tawmrowfEdkifatmif NzpfcJhwmudk cifAsm;vJtodyJ? bmaMumifhrsm;'Dudpöudk txl;tqef;vkyfNyD; xyfaNym
ae&NyefwmvJ}}
]][dk t&ifht&ifu atmifNrifatmif rvkyfEdkifwkdif; tckrvkyf&bl;vm;As? acwftqufqufu e*g;u0dawG
atmifNrifatmif rvkyfaqmifEdkifwmudk usKyfwdkYacwfrSm NzpfaNrmufatmifvkyf&r,f? 'grSom u0draem odkif;tEG,f0if
awG[m pkpnf;Edkifr,f? nDnGwfEdkifr,f? *kPfwifhEdkifr,f}}
ydkifusifvkHu ydkifEdkifpGmaNymNyefonf/
327
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aeygOD;? cifAsm;pum;u bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ}}
ukef;pGefcsDu Mum;Nzwfum ar;\/
ydkifusifvkHu ukef;pGefcsDudk txifao;aomtMunfhESifh MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;u w,fem;a0;wmudk;? aumif;NyD? tm;vkH; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odoGm;&atmif usKyfudk,fpm; usKyf&JU
wynfhMuD; wpfa,mufu &Sif;Nyygvdrfhr,f? uJ ... wynfhMuD;a& ...}}
ydkifusifvkHonf ukef;pGefcsDudkaNymae&mrS wpkHwa,mufudk vSrf;ac:vkduf&m olUteD;okdY vlwpfa,muf
csufcsif;yif a&muf&Sdvmonf/
xdkol\toGiftNyifrSm Nrif&awGU&olwdkUtzdkY vkH;0txifMuD;p&m r&Sd/
udk,fcE¨mu ydefvSDvSD? avwdkufvQif vJusawmhrnfhtoGifrsKd;? vufNyifukef;um vufarmif;rsm;u
omrefxuf ydk&Snfonf/ rsufESmuvnf; pkwfcRef;cRef;/
vlwpfa,mufxuf arsmufwpfaumifESifh ydkíwlaeonf/
xd k o l o nf bmud k r Qta&;rpd k u f b J yd k i f u sif v k H u d k o m OD ; nT w f t &d k t aoay;NyD ; eH a b;wG i f
tomrwfwwf&yfvkdufonf/
]]udkif; ... wynfhMuD;? aNymp&mqdkp&m&Sdwmudk &J&J0Hh0HhomaNymayawmh}}
ydkifusifvkHu auseyftm;&aom trlt&mNzifh olUwynfhMuD;qdkoludk trdefYay;vdkufonf/
xdkolonf ydkifusifvkHudk xyfrHt&dktaoay;NyD; pum;p&ef [efNyifvdkufonf/
olUrsufESmrSm NyKH;Ncif;&,fNcif;uif;onf/ at;pufrmausmvSaom rsufESmaorsKd;Nzpfonf/
xdo k \l arsmufvv kd v
kd v
l v
kd kd toGiuf &,fp&maumif;aomfvnf; at;pufrmausmaom rsufEmS trlt&mrSmrl
Nrif&olausmxJpdrfhum aMumufvefYzG,f&mNzpfaeonf/
]]rdwfaqG odkif;a&mif;&if; taygif;wkdYcifAsm; ... usKyfemrnfuawmh vl;usifqef; Nzpfygw,f}}
]]vl;usif;qef;}} qdak omtrnfukd Mum;vdu k o f nfEiS hf y&dowftaygif;rSm vIyv f yI &f mS ;&Sm; Nzpfuek Mf uNyefonf/
vl ; usif q ef ; onf &uf p uf M urf ; MuKwf v S a om od k i f ; orm;qd k ; wpf a ,muf N zpf o nf / ol \
arsmuf0Hokdif;ynmonf wrlxl;um tpGrf;xufNrufonf/ vGefcJhaomq,fESpfausmfu arsmuf0Hvl;usifqef;[laom
trnfonf odkif;avmuwGif zdrfhzdrfhwkefatmif ausmfMum;cJhonf/
vlcspfvlcifrsm;vSaom a&Tvl0H*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ,efcsef,kHudk vl;usifqef;uowfNzwfNyD; arsmuf0Hokdif;usrf;
vk,lxGufaNy;oGm;rIrSmvnf; odkif;avmuwGifwcsdefu [kd;av;wausmfausmf NzpfcJhonf/
xdYk aemuf vl;usifqef;onf arsmuf0o H idk ;f usrf;xJrS tqifNh rifo h ikd ;f ynmrsm;udk avhusifu h m arsmuf0*H P kd ;f udk
xlaxmifcJhonf/ vl;usifqef;ESifh arsmuf0Hokdif;orm;rsm;onf xifwdkif;MuJum &rf;um;cJhMuonf/
vGecf o hJ nfq
h ,fEpS cf efYu odik ;f orm;aygif;pk\ H 0dik ;f 0ef;wdu
k cf u
kd Nf cif;udk cH&NyD;aemuf vl;usiq f ef;ESihf arsmuf0H
okdif;orm;rsm;onf odkif;avmuwGif pkyfpNrKyfpaysmufoGm;cJhMuonf/
q,fESpfausmfMumNrihfatmif owif;yifrMum;&bJ wdrfNrKyfaysmufuG,faeaom vl;usifqef;onf ckaNre*g;
*dkPf;csKyfukef;pGefcsD\ aetdrfrdwfqkHr*FvmyGJwGif NyefvnfxGufay:vmcJhavNyD/
olU&kyf&nfoGifNyifrSmvnf; ,cifuESifhrwlbJ xl;Ncm;pGmaNymif;vJaeonf/
tu,fí olukd,fwkdif EIwfrSxkwfazmfraNymcJhvQif rnfolrQ rSwfrdEdkifMurnf r[kwfay/
rarQmfvifhbJ arsmuf0Hvl;usifqef; &kwfw&ufay:xGufvmonfhtwGuf odkif;orm;taygif;onf
wtHhwMoNzpfukefMuonf/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf wD;wdk;aNymqdkaeMu&m cef;raqmifxJwGif &kwf&kwfNzpfí
aeavawmhonf/
arsmuf0v H ;l usifqef;onf rdr\ d tpGr;f tpudk Nyonft h aeNzifh qlnaH ompum;oHrsm;udk zk;H oGm;avmufatmif
us,favmifonfhtoHNzifh atmf[pfaNymqdkvdkufonf/
]]rdwfaqGodkif;a&mif;&if;wdkY? 'Dae&m[m pm;aomufqdkifr[kwfbl;? avmif;upm;0dkif;vJ r[kwfbl;?
qlnHraeMuygeJY}}
toHuus,favmifNyD; pl;&Sonf/ Mum;&olrsm;tzdkY tawmfyifem;axmif&qdk;onf/ tcsKdU twGif;tm;
edrfhusaomolrsm; em;uGJoGm;vkrwwfyif cHpm;vdkufMu&onf/
328
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wD;wdk;wD;wdk; aNymqdkaeMuonfh pum;oHrsm;vnf; wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/
]][kwfuJh tckvdk Nidrfoufay;Muwmudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? usKyfuawmh wkdwdkeJY&Sif;&Sif;yJ aNymyghr,f?
tcktcsdefrSm e*g;NzLa*[m&JU atmifNrifrIawGb,fvdk&Sdw,fqdkwm txl;aNymaep&m rvdkygbl;? tm;vkH;todyg/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfuvGJ&if okdif;avmurSm tiftm;taumif;qkH;eJY tqifhtNrifhqkH;NzpfwJh 0lwef*dkPf;[m
e*g;NzLa*[m&JU vufatmufcHNzpfaewm tm;vkH;rsufNrifygyJ? 'gaMumifhvJ usKyfeJYwuG arsmuf0Hokdif;orm;awG
e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmifq&mMuD; ydkifusifvkH&JU vufatmufrSm ckdvIHwm0efxrf;aqmif aeMuygw,f?
q&mMuD;ydkifusifvkH[m u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawGudk pkpnf;NyD; u0draemodkif;&JU *kPfodu©meJYtoa& Nrifhrm;atmif
vkyaf qmifay;zkYd vJ apwemtNynft h 0 &Sad eygw,f? q&mMuD;ydik u f siv
f &Hk UJ apwemeJYaqmif&u
G cf suaf wGukd em;rvnfbJ
qefYusifr,fhvl&Sdr,fqdk&if tJ'Dvl[m usKyfwkdYarsmuf0Hodkif;orm;awGeJY t&ifqkH;&ifqdkif&rSmyJ? uJ ...
usKyfaNymcsifwmudk aNymNyD;NyD? usefwJhtydkif;uawmh rdwfaqGa&mif;&if;awG&JU pdwfqE´oabmxm; twkdif;ygyJ}}
vl;usifqef;\pum;oHonf cyfat;at;omNzpfonf/ aNymykHqdkykHuvnf; &dk;&dk;at;at;av;/
okdY&mwGif ...
vl;usifqef;\pum;rsm;onf cef;raqmifxw J iG f pka0;a&muf&adS eMuaom usefu0draemokid ;f tEG,0f ifwYkd ukd
twdtvif;pdefac:vdkufonfh pum;rsm;Nzpfayonf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf pdwfysuftm;avQmhonfh trlt&mNzifh xdkifckHay:wGif aNcypfvufypfxdkifcsvdkufonf/
ol U trl t &mud k M unf h v Qif rarQmf v if h a om tusyf t wnf ; wpf c k a Mumif h bmvk y f & rnf r S e f ; rod b J
pdwfysufvufysuf NzpfoGm;onf[k xifrdMurnf rvGJay/
odkYaomf ukef;pGefcsD\pdwfxJwGif usdwfum auseyfyDwdNzpfaeonfudkawmh rnfolrQtuJcwfrdMurnf
r[kwfygay/
]][m; [m; [m; ... vufyg;ap&JUpum;udkawmh MudKufoGm;NyD? 'Davmufawmif [ef[dwfxkwfNycsifaewJhvl
b,favmuftpGrf;tp &Sdw,fqdkwm usKyfu prf;Munfhcsifw,f}}
&,farmaNymqdkvdkufoHu cef;raqmifxJwGif &kwfw&ufxGufay:vmNyefonf/
odkif;orm;trsm;pku xdktoHxGufay:vm&modkY tMunfhtm&kH a&mufoGm;Muonf/ e*g;0g*dkPf;rS
rD;vQHcg;ukef;MuD; wkefzefavG Nzpfaeownf;/
wkefzefavGrSm aemufausmwGifbkMuD;wpfckNzpfum cg;ukef;íaeonf/
ol\rD;vQHodkif;rSmvnf; tpGrf;xufNrufonf/
xdkUaMumifhvnf; rD;vQHcg;ukef;MuD; wkefzefavG[k odkif;avmuwGif trnfausmfMum;onf/
olonfEIwfrSaNymqdk&if; a&SUokdYckefvTm;xGufvdkufonf/ ckefvTm;[efu ayghyg;NyD;Nrefqefonf/
pum;qkH;onfESifh vl;usifhqef;\a&SU aNcq,fvSrf;tuGmokdY a&mufoGm;onf/
vl;usifqef;u ol\"m;&Snfudk tomqGJxkwfum wkefzefavGudk tuJcwfMunfh&Iaeonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\wynfh aNre*g;*dkPf;om;rsm;u vl;usifqef;ESifhwkefzefavGwdkYESpfa,muf\ teD;tem;&Sd
pm;yGJESifhxkdifckHrsm;udk vsifNrefpGmodrf;vdkufMu&m xdkae&mwGif twefus,f0ef;aom uGufvyfwpfck NzpfoGm;av\/
vl;usifqef;u "m;&Snfudk qGJxkwfvdkufonfhenf;wl wkefzefavGuvnf; oHrPdwkwfaumufESpfacsmif;udk xkwfum
toifhudkifpGJxm;onf/
oHrPdww k af umufrsm;onf ESpaf ycGcJ efY&n
S of nf/ rnf;eufaom ta&miftqif;&Su d m rmausmwkwcf idk o f nf/
,ckyGJonf u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdUtMum;wGif twdtvif;pdefac:um &ifqdkifwdkufckdufonfh
yxrqkH;aom yGJMuD;yGJaumif;Nzpfonf/
u0draem odkif;tEG,f0ifrsm;onf tcsif;csif; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;Nzifh &ifqdkifwkdufckdufcJhMuonfrsm;rSm
ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm MumNrifhum wdkufyGJaygif;vnf; rsm;vSNyDNzpfonf/
odkYaomf xkdwdkufcdkufrIrsm;onf twdtvif;pdefac:wdkufckdufrIrsm; r[kwfMu/
taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm NzpfyGm;cJhaom wdkufckdufrIrsm;omNzpfMuayonf/
xdkYNyif xdkokdYwdkufckduf&mwGifvnf; u0draemodkif;tEG,f0if trsm;tNym;\ a&SUarSmufwGif r[kwfcJhay/

329
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vl;usifqef;ESifh wkefzefavGwdkY\ &ifqdkifwdkufyGJrSm e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkH? e*g;euf*dkPf;csKyf
xefawmuf&kef? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kef? e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyf vltif;0g? aNre*g;*dkPf;csKyf ukef;pGefcsDtp&Sdaom
e*g;u0dig;a,mufESifh xdkolwdkY\ aemufyg u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifrsm;\ a&SUarSmufwGif &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufMuonfh
wkdufyGJNzpfonf/
u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f ifwYdk \ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifae&mtwGuf twdtvif;,SONf ydKifMuonfh wku d yf \JG yGOJ ;D xGuf
&ifqdkifrI[kyif qdkEdkifonf/
þwdkufyGJonf tvGefyifta&;MuD;aMumif; vufawGU&ifqdkif wdkufcdkufMuawmhrnfh wkefzefavGESifh
vl;usifqef; wdkYomru yGJMunfhaeMuonfh odkif;orm;tm;vkH;uyg em;vnfMuonf/
þyGJwGif wkefzefavGtEdkif&&SdcJhvQif t&Sdeft0gMuD;rm;vSaom e*g;NzLa*[m tpG,fusKd;oGm;rnf/
vl;usifqef;tEdkif&cJhygvQif e*g;NzLa*[m\ t&Sdeft[kef txl;yifMuD;rm;vmrnf/
e*g;NzLa*[mudk &ifqdkiftefwkvdkolrsm; aemufwGefUoGm;Edkifayonf/
wkefzefavGESifh vl;usifqef;wdkYonf &kwfw&uf rwdkufcdkufMuao;bJ wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
tuJcwfovdk pdef;pdef;MunfhaeMuonf/
usefvrl sm;uvnf; rMumrD vIy&f mS ;wdu k cf u
dk v
f mawmhrnfh wdu
k yf u JG kd rsufawmifrcwfwrf; Munfah eMuonf/
cef;raqmifxJwGif aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmifyif wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeonf/
xkdYaemuf ...
vl;usifqef;u pwifwdkufcdkufonf/
olYnmvufonf qwfceJ aNrmufwufoGm;onf/ vufvIyf&Sm;rIESifhtwl "m;a&mifrsm;vif;vufum
avcGif;oHrsm;vnf; wqufwnf;ay:vm\/
]]0D; 0D; ... 0D; 0D;}}
vl;usifqef;\ "m;csufrsm;onf wkefzefavGudk ydkufuGefNzifhtkyfMuufonfhES,f NzefYrdk;0ifa&mufvmonf/
wkefzefavGuvnf; rac/
b,fnm vufEpS zf ufwiG u f ikd x
f m;aom oHrPdww k af umufEpS af csmif;udk a0SU,rf;um wefNyefwu kd cf u
dk of nf/
"m;&SnfESifh oHrPdwkwfaumufrsm; xdrdoH wxef;xef;ay:vmNyD; rD;yGifhrD;yGm;rsm;vnf; vGifhNzm
xGufvmonf/
xdkokdY wpfuGuf&ifqdkif wdkufcdkufrdonfESifh rdrdwdkYonf tiftm;MuD;rm;aom NydKifbufESifh &ifqdkif&NyD
NzpfaMumif; ESpfa,mufvkH;u em;vnfvdkufonf/
arsmuf0Hvl;usifqef;onf qufvufNyD;"m;csufokH;csuf qifhuJqifhuJ ckwfydkif;wkdufckdufNyefonf/
]]0Spf ... 0Spf ... 0Spf}}
"m;csufrsm;u oGufvufonf/ Nrefqefonf/ tuGufvnf;&Iyfonf/ okH;csufvkH;yif wkefzefavG\
aouGif;aouGufae&mrsm;udkcsnf; OD;wnfaeonf/
tonf;xdwf&ifzdkp&m wdkufcdkufrIyifNzpfonf/
þ"m;csufrsm;udk awmf&kHwef&kHokdif;orm; &ifqdkifckcHEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
tNcm;vlrsm;u wdkufyGJudk pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm MunfhaeMuaomfvnf; ydkifusifvkHurl vl;usifqef;ESifh wkefzefavGwdkY
taotaMuwdkufckdufaeonfudk iJhapmif;íyifrMunfhbJ xdkifckHwGif oufawmifhoufom xdkifaeonf/
vl;usifqef;\ qifhuJ"m;csufokH;csufu oGufvufvSaomaMumifh wkefzefavGonf &ifqdkifNcif;rNyK0HhbJ
aemufokdYckefumqkwfay;NyD;rS b,fnmvufESpfzuf&Sd oHrPdwkwfaumufrsm;Nzifh a0SU,rf;ckcHvdkufonf/
"m;csufrsm;udk ckcHacszsufNyD;onfESifh wkefzefavGonf csufcsif;yif oGufvufNrefqefaom &dkufcsufrsm;Nzifh
vl;usifqef;udk wefNyef&dkufESufwdkufckdufonf/
vl ; usif q ef ; uvnf ; tuif ; yg;um tuG u f N rif v S o nf / rd r d \ qif h u J " m;csuf o k H ; csuf u d k ck c H
y,fzsufEdkifaMumif; od&onfESifh a&SUqufrwdk;awmhbJ &kwfNcnf;yif aemufokdYqkwfoGm;onf/
xdkUaMumifh wkefzefavG\ wefNyefwdkufcdkufcsufrsm;u vl;usifqef;udk xdckdufatmif NyKEdkifNcif;r&Sdawmhay/

330
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wdkufcdkufrIrSm tcsdefMumonfESifhtrQ Nyif;xefonfxuf Nyif;xefvmonf/ Murf;wrf;onfxuf
Murf;wrf;vmonf/ yGJMurf;vmovdk Munfhaeolrsm;uvnf; ydkpdwf0ifpm;vmMu\/ ywf0ef;usifukdyif owdrrl
rdawmhavmufatmif Nzpfvm\/
tpydkif;wGif wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf cyfcGmcGmwkdufckdufaeMu&mrS ,cktcgwGif teD;uyf&ifqdkifum
taotvJ wkdufyGJqifETJaeMuNyDNzpfonf/
tokH;NyKonfh odkif;uGufrsm;onf tqifhNrifhokdif;uGufrsm;csnf;NzpfNyD; wdkufckdufcsufrsm;uvnf;
Nyif;xefvSonf/
ESpfa,mufvkH;onf odkif;ynmpGrf;xufum wkdufyGJtawGUtMuKH&ifhusufNyD; wpfOD;\t&dyftuJudk wpfOD;u
em;vnfaeaomaMumifh Nyif;xefMurf;wrf;aom wdkufcdkufcsufrsm;ukd yGwfumoDum a&Smifwdrf;aeEdkifMuonf/
vuf&nfwlvkd NzpfaeMuonfhtwGuf tEdkift&IH;vnf; rcGJNcm;Edkifao;/ rnfolrQvnf; xdcdkuftemw&
rNzpfao;ay/
wdkufcdkufrIrsm;uawmh tonf;,m;zG,f&myif Nzpfonf/
ydkifusifvkHrSty usefvlrsm;onf aMumufrufzG,f&m tonf;xdwfp&m aumif;vSonfh wdkufyGJudk
pdwf0ifpm;pGm Munfh&IaeMuonf/
vl;usifqef;ESifh wkefzefavGwdkY\ wdkufckdufrIydkrdkNyif;xefvmNyD; odkif;orm;taygif;wkdY\ pdwf0ifpm;pGm
Munfh&IaerI t&SdefNrifhwufaeMuonfh tcsdefrSmyif cef;raqmifxJokdY vl&G,fq,fh&Spfa,muf 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
xdkvl&G,frsm;onf tNzLa&mif0wfpkHrsm;udk qifwl0wfqifxm;Muonf/ touft&G,fu &G,fwlNzpfovdk
ukd,fcE¨mtcsKd;tqpf? t&yftarmif;rsm;uvnf; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf qifwlMuonf/
cef;raqmifxJ&Sd okdif;orm;rsm;onf wkefzefavGESifh vl;usifqef;wdkY\ wkdufcdkufrIudkom tm&kHpkduf
MunfhaeMuonfhtwGuf tNzLa&mif0wfpkH0wf vl&G,fq,fh&Spfa,muf0ifa&mufvmNcif;udk xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;
tav;rxm;Muay/
rdrdwdkYuJhokdYyif wkefzefavGESifh vl;usifqef;wkdU\ wdkufcdkufrIudk vma&mufMunfh&IMuNcif; Nzpfrnf[líom
ayghayghwefwef oabmxm;rdMuonf/
tu,fí xdkvl&G,fq,fh&Spfa,mufwdkYudk tenf;i,fom *&kxm;í MunfhrdvQif oHo,NzpfzG,faumif;aom
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk awGUNrifMu&rnfNzpfayonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wf vl&G,fq,fh&Spfa,mufonf cef;raqmifxJokdYa&mufonfESifh vlpkcGJvkdufMuonf/
tay:,Htm;Nzifh MunfhvQif wdkufckdufrIudk aumif;pGmNrifEdkifrnfhae&mrsm;udk,lum MunfhaeMuonf[k
xifp&mNzpfaomfvnf; wu,fwrf;wGiaf wmh txl;{nfo h nfawmfrsm;ESihf oD;oefY{nfo
h nfawmf odik ;f orm;MuD;rsm;udk
rodrom 0ef;&Hxm;vdkufMuNcif;Nzpfonf/
cef ; raqmif M uD ; \ 0if a yguf x G u f a yguf tcsuf t csm ae&mrsm;&S d & mok d Y v nf ; od k i f ; orm;tcsKd U
ra,mifrvnfESifh a&muf&SdvmMuNyefonf/
cef;raqmifxJwGif &SdaeMuolrsm;url þtNzpfrsm;udk owdrrlrdMu/
wkefzefavGESifh vl;usifqef;wdkY\ tMudwfte,f wkdufyGJudkom pdwf0ifpm;pGm MunfhaeMuonf/
wdkufyGJuvnf; ydkNyif;onfxuf Nyif;xefvmonf/
vl;usifqef;onf wdkufppfqifaerIudk t&Sdeft[kef ydkrdkNr§ifhwifvdkufonf/
vuf&nfwl olwpfNyefu, dk w
f pfNyef wdu
k cf u
dk af ecJMh u&mrS vl;usifqef;u ,ckuo hJ Ydk wdu k cf udk rf u
I kd w[kex
f ;dk
tiftm;wk;d Nr§ivhf u
kd o
f nfwiG f wkezf efavGrmS renf;yifcck u H muG,af e&aom taNctaeodYk a&muf&o dS mG ;avawmhonf/
þtaNctaeudk tuJcwfrdaom e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyf vltif;0g;onf rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;onf/
wpkHw&m aNymawmhrnftNyKwGif qmhcsif[kefu olUxufOD;pGm xdkifae&mrSqwfceJ x&yfvkdufum ...
]][dwf ... &yfvdkufMu}}
qmhcsif[kef\ [efYwm;vdkufrIaMumifh vl;usifqef;onf wdkufckdufaeNcif;udk&yfum aemufuRrf;ypf
qkwfoGm;onf/

331
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrd\vltaNcr[efawmhonfhtwGuf wdkufyGJxJwGif 0ifa&mufpGufzufawmhrnfh[ef Nyifaeaom
vltif;0g;vnf; qmhcsif[kef yg0ifvmNyDrdkY tomyifudk,f&Sdefowfum NidrfoufpGmxkdifNyD; taNctaeudk
tuJcwfMunfhae&awmhonf/
]]bmaMumifh wkdufyGJudkt&yfcdkif;vkduf&wmvJ qmhcsif[kef? usKyfvl&JU tpGrf;tpudkqufNyD; tuJcwf
rMunfhawmhbl;vm;}}
ydkifusifvkHu rxDw&D trlt&mESifh cyfaxhaxhaNymonf/
qmhcsif[kefrSm pdwfxJwGif a'goaxmif;ceJ xoGm;onf/
okdY&mwGif tus,ftus,f pum;tacstwif raNymvdkaomaMumifh a'gopdwfudk csKyfwnf;vdkufNyD; ...
]]usKyf pum;enf;enf; aNymcsifvdkYyg}}
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkudk;? uJ ... aNymprf;ygOD;}}
]]cifAsm;u u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmifae&mudk t&,lcsifwJhoabmeJY tckvdk
vkyfwmvm;? 'Dae&mrSm usKyftygt0if wNcm;e*g;*kdPf;csKyf okH;a,mufvJ &Sdaeao;w,fqdkwmudk arhraeeJYOD;}}
]][m; [m; [m; ... 'gawGudk usKyfodygw,fAsm? cifAsm;u Mum;xJuae 0ifaNymNyaep&m rvdkygbl;}}
qmhcsif[kef\ rsufESmrnf;ceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkH\rxDw&D aNymqdkaeykHudkMunfhum ,aeUudpöwGif tydkiftEdkif MudKwifpDpOfrIrsm; NyKvkyfxm;NyD;
NzpfEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; pOf;pm;rdonf/
qmhcsif[kefonf e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vltif;0g;ESifh e*g;euf*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xefawmuf&kefwdkYbuf
vSnfhMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]uJ ... b,fvdk oabm&ovJ rdwfaqGMuD;wkdY? ydkifusifvkHuawmh usKyfwdkYudk tusyfudkifaeNyD? olUqE´twkdif;
rvdkufavsm&if usKyfwdkYtoufawG quf&SifEdkifzkdY rvG,fawmhwJhoabmyJ}}
qmhcsi[ f ek \
f pum;onf ydik u f sivf u
Hk kd t&GUJ wku
d u
f m ceJYonfeh nf;wl tNcm;e*g;*dP k ;f csKyfrsm;udk rcHcsiaf tmif
pdwfqGay;vkdufonfhoabmvnf; Nzpfay\/
]]tif; ... 'DvdkqdkawmhvJ tcufom;uvm;? usKyfuawmh taxGtxl; aNymraecsifygbl;? usefwJhrdwfaqG
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;awG&JU oabmtwdkif;ygyJ}}
e*g;euf*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xefawmuf&kefu avaNyav;ESifh 0ifaNymonf/
xefawmuf&kefonf wukd,faumif;orm;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/
u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifwdkY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifomru odkif;avmuwpfckvkH;udk vTrf;rdk;&efyif
tMuHMuD;MuHaeonf/
ol \ e*g;euf * d k P f ; rS m vnf ; vrf ; rS m ;ud k v d k u f r d p NyKaeí vrf ; vG J o k d i f ; tzG J U tpnf ; wpf c k t Nzpf
emrnfysufaeonf/
,ckvnf; tiftm;MuD;pGm pDpOfxm;NyD;Nzpfol ydkifusifvkHESifh xdyfwkduf&ifqdkif&rnfhta&;udk toma&SmifvTJí
qmhcsif[kefwdkYESifh wdkufay;vdkufonf/ wzufESifhwzuf wdkufckdufMuNyD; tm;tifukefcef;armyef;onfhtcgwGifrS
aemufqkH;ydwftdwfESifhvG,f qdkovdk tydkiftEdkiftkyfpD; wdkufckdufypf&ef xefawmuf&kefu MuH&G,fxm;cJhonf/
qmhcsif[kefwdkYrSmvnf; todynm&ifhusufNyD; tawGUtMuKHMuG,f0aeMuolrsm; NzpfMuonfhtwdkif;
xefawmuf&kefu bmudk&nf&G,fí þpum;rsKd;aNymonfudk em;vnfMuonf/
qmhcsif[kefonf rauseyfonfhtMunfhNzifh xefawmuf&kefudk vSrf;Munfhonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ydkifusifvkHu nmvufudk toma0SU,rf;um tcsufNyvdkufawmhonf/
ydkifusifvkHu tcsufNyvkdufonfESifh cef;raqmif\ 0ifaygufxGufaygufrsm;tem;wGif ra,mifrvnfESifh
a&mufaeMuaom e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf vufeufrsm;qGJxkwfum taygufrsm;udk ydwfqdkY
xm;vdkufMuonf/
xdkYNyif 0wfpkHNzL0wf vl&G,fq,fh&Spfa,muf wdkYuvnf; qmhcsif[kefwkdY vlpktm;teD;uyf 0ef;&H
xm;vdkufMuNyefonf/

332
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xd k 0 wf p k H N zL0wf vl & G , f q ,f h & S p f a ,muf w d k Y r S m e*g;NzLa*[m\ vuf a &G ; pif u sm;opf N zLtzG J U 0if
okdif;orm;rsm;NzpfMuayonf/
cef;raqmif\ 0ifaygufxGufaygufESifh tcsuftcsmae&mrsm;udk ydwfqdkYae&m ,lxm;Muolrsm;rSmvnf;
e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufa&G;pif 0HykavGNzLtzGJ? usm;NzLtzGJUESifh a>rNzLtzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm; NzpfMuonf/
]]'gu b,fvdkoabmvJ ydkifusifvkH? cifAsm;vkyfykHu odyfudkw&m;vGefaeNyD}}
ukef;pGefcsDu ydkifusifvkHudk pdef;pdef;Munfhum cyfqwfqwfaNymvdkufonf/
ydkifusifvkHu EIwfcrf;axmifhav; wGefY&kHrQ rxDw&D NyKH;&,fvdkufNyD; ...
]]b,fvdk oabmvJvdkYrsm; ar;ae&ao;vm;Asm? 'Davmufqdk&if cifAsm;wkdY &dyfrdMuygvdrfhr,f?
cifAsm;wkdYtm;vkH;udk usKyfvlawGu 0dkif;xm;vkdufMuNyDav}}
]]vufpowfawmh cifAsm;u u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmifMuD; vkyfrvdkYudk;? 'Dvdk
OD;pD;acgif;aqmifMuD;NzpfzkdYtwGuf b,fvkdt&nftcsif;awGeJU NynfhpkH&r,fqdkwmudk cifAsm;odvdrfhr,f xifygw,f}}
]]usKyfu rodbJ aeyghrvm;? odyfodwmaygh}}
]]'gqdk&if aNymNyprf;ygOD;}}
]]t[rf; ... u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmifMuD; wpfa,mufNzpfEdkifzkdYtwGuf
t&nftcsif;awGuawmh wpf orm"d&Sd&r,f? ESpf u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawGtay:rSm oufñSmaxmufxm;NyD;
vrf;nTefNyEdkif&r,f? okH; u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawG&JU tm;udk;tm;xm;NyKEdkif&r,f}}
]]'DokH;ckyJvm;}}
]]'DokH;cktNyif bmrsm;&Sdao;vkdYvJ}}
]]e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym; vufudkif&Sdxm;NyD; u0draemokdif; usifhpOfckepfrsKd;udk wwfaNrmufzkdY
vdktyfwmudkaum xnfhraNymawmhbl;vm;}}
]]e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym; wdrfNrKyfaewmMumNyD? vkH;0aysmufuG,foGm;w,fvdkYyJ ,lq
Mu&awmhrSmyJ? NyD;awmh usKyfu u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmifNzpfvm&if usefwJh cifAsm;wkdY
e*g;u0daNcmufa,mufqDu u0draemokdif;usifhpOfawGudk &,lvdkufrSmaygh? 'gaMumifh 'DtaMumif;awGudk
xnfhaNymaep&m rvdkawmhygbl;}}
ydkifusifvkH\ aNymykHqdkykHrsm;onf tvGefyifydkifEdkifí aeonf/
rdwfqkHpm;aomufyGJ NyKvkyfaeonfh yifrcef;raqmifukd ydkifusifvkH\e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;u
ydwfqkdY0ef;&Hxm;onf/
xdkYNyif ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[m0if; tNyifbufwGifvnf; ydkifusifvkH\MoZmcH 0lwef;*dkPf;0if
odkif;orm;rsm;u 0ef;&Hxm;Muayonf/
vdktyfí ydkifusifvkHu vQKdU0Suftcsufay;rI NyKvdkufonfESifh 0lwef;odkif;orm;rsm;onf tdrfa*[mMuD;udk
0ifa&mufpD;eif;wdkufckdufMuawmhrnf Nzpfonf/
þokdY tydkiftEdkif vkyfaqmifxm;NyD; NzpfonfhtwGuf ydkifusifvkHtaeNzifh rdrd\tpDtpOftm;vkH; acsmarm
atmifNrif&rnf[k aocsmayguf ,kHMunfaeayonf/
]]cifAsm;&JU pdwful;uawmh aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh}}
ukef;pGef;csDu wpcef; xvmNyefonf/
]]bm 'gayr,fhvJ}}
ydkifusifvkHu ukef;pGefcsDudk rsufarSmifMuKwfMunfhNyD; avoHrmrmESifh ar;\/
]]usKyfwYkd e*g;u0dawGukd Muufuav;iSuu f av; zrf;ovdyk w d af vSmifzrf;NyD; tykid u
f idk v
f Ykd &Edik rf mS wJv
h m;Asm?
uJa[h rdef;csif}}
ukef;pGefcsDonf ydkifusifvkHudk aNymae&mrS a*[mrª;MuD;rdef;csifudk vSrf;í tcsufay;vkdufonf/
a*[mrª;MuD;rdef;csifonf cef;raqmif\ eH&Hwae&mwGif cyfukyfukyfav;xdkifae&mrS olUab;em;&Sd
vQKdU0Sufcvkwfwpfckudk &kwfNcnf;ESdyfvdkufonf/
]]*sdrf; ... *sdrf; ... *sdrf;}}
333
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]0kef; ... 0kef; ... 0kef;}}
us,favmifaom toHrsm;Nrnf[ed ;f NyD; cef;raqmif\ wHcg;ayguftm;vk;H wpfcrk usef ydwo f mG ;avawmh\/
]]rMumcifrSmyJ 'Dcef;raqmifxJu rD;ykH;awGtm;vkH;Nidrf;ukefMuvdrfhr,f? NyD;awmh tqdyfaiGUawGvJ
cef;raqmiftNynfh ysHYvGifvmMur,fqdkwmudk tm;vkH;odatmif MudKwifowday;xm;yg&ap}}
ukef;pGefcsDu avoHat;at;ESifh aNymvdkufonf/
ol\pum;oHrSm cyfat;at;omNzpfaomfvnf; Mum;&oltaygif;wdkYtzdkYrl teD;uyfrdk;MudK;ypfcGif;Ncif;
cH&onfhES,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;Muonf/
u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f if *dP k ;f tzGUJ ckepfcwk iG f uke;f pGecf sD\ aNre*g;*dP
k ;f onf tiftm;tenf;yg;qk;H Nzpfonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ okdif;ynmpGrf;&nfrSmvnf; tNcm;aom e*g;u0daNcmufqlwdkYxuf edrfhusonf/
þtaNctaersKd; &SdonfhtwGufaMumifh e*g;u0dckepfqlwdkY\ q,fESpfwpfMudrf qkHawGUMuonfh rdwfqkHyGJudk
ukef;pGefcsD\aetdrfwGif usif;yNyKvkyf&ef oabmwlcJhMuNcif; Nzpfonf/
xdkyGJrsm;onf rdwfqkHyGJrsm;[kqdkaomfvnf; wu,fpifppfrl e*g;u0drsm;tMum; pum;rsm;tNiif;yGm;um
Nyóem MuD;xGm;vmapcJhonfh Niif;ckHyGJrsm;omNzpfcJhayonf/
xdkokdYaom tNiif;yGm;rI? &efrD;yGm;rIrsm;xJwGif ukef;pGefcsDESifh ol\aNre*g;*dkPf;onf wwfEdkiforQ
yg0ifNcif;rNyKbJ cyfz,fz,fvkyfaeNrJ Nzpfonf/
odkif;ynmtqifhedrfhNyD; tiftm;enf;yg;onfhtwGuf tNcm;aom u0draemodkif;tEG,f0if *dkPf;tzGJU
tpnf;rsm;udk r,SOfEdkifaomaMumifh aNre*g;*dkPf;u cyfz,fz,fESifh ab;a&SmifaeNcif;Nzpfrnf[k usefu0draem
odkif;tEG,f0ifrsm;u xifaecJhMuonf/ txiftNrifvnf; ao;cJhMuonf/
,aeUwGifrl ukef;pGefcsD\ yd&daomtMuHESifh MudKwifpDpOfxm;rI wpdwfwa'oudk tNcm;aom u0draem
odkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY udk,fawGUMuKHMu&avNyD/
cef;raqmifxJwGif ydwfrdumNr§HK;xJuig; tNzpfrsKd;ESifh MuKHaeMu&onfh odkif;orm;rsm;onf &kwfw&uf
bmvkyf&rnfrodMuawmhbJ NidrfusoGm;Muonf/
tm;vkH;xJwGif ydkifusifvkHonf pdwftysufqkH;Nzpfaeonf/ rdrdudk,frdrd ydkifEdkifvSNyD[k rmef0ifhcJhorQ ,ck
acgif;idkufpkdufusae&avNyD/
olUvltrsm;pkonf xdkcef;raqmifwGif a&mufaeMuay&m e*g;NzLa*[m\ yifrtiftm;pk tm;vkH;eD;yg;
cef;raqmifxJwGif ydwfrdaeonfhoabmrsKd; Nzpfaeayonf/
]]awmuf ... ukef;pGefcsDudk bmrSta&;rvkyfavmufbl;qdkNyD; avQmhwGufcJhrdwm rSm;wmyJ? tckawmh
igwdYk tm;vk;H vdvk kd ydwrf ad eNyD? b,fvv kd yk &f &if aumif;rvJ? [m tMuH&NyD? uke;f pGecf sDukd trdzrf;NyD; "m;pmcHvu kd Ef ikd &f if
igwdkYvGwfaNrmufEdkifw,f}}
xdkokdYawG;rdaomtcg ydkifusifvkHrSm pdwf"mwfwufMuGvmvsuf acgif;vnf;Nyefarmhvmonf/ odkYaomf
ukef;pGefcsD\ aemufxyfxGufay:vmaompum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcgwGifrl ydkifusifvkH pdwf"mwftusMuD;
usoGm;&avonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkYu usKyfudktrdzrf; "m;pmcHvkyfNyD; vTwfvrf;&SmzdkYawGbmawG rpOf;pm;MuygeJY? usKyfu tm;vkH;udk
aoaocsmcsmwGufq pDpOfxm;NyD;ygNyD}}
ukef;pGefcsDonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;onfESifh cef;raqmif eH&Hwae&mwGif csdwfxm;aom yef;csDum;csyfMuD;
wpfck&Sd&modkY vSpfceJcsOf;uyfoGm;um nmbufyckH;Nzifh yef;csDum;csyfudk zdwGef;vdkufonf/
vuf c eJ tvif ; a&mif w csuf ay:vmNyD ; aemuf uk e f ; pG e f c sD o nf vl t rsm;\Nrif u G i f ; rS
aysmufuG,foGm;awmhonf/
]][m ...}}
]][,f ...}}
]]tvkd ...}}
vltaygif; wthw H Moa&&Gwaf eMuqJrmS yif ydik u f sifvu Hk yef;csDum;csyfMuD;&S&d modYk ckevf mT ;a&muf&o dS mG ;onf/
ukef;pGefcsD NyKvkyfcJhonfhenf;twkdif; yef;csDum;csyfudk yckH;NzifhzdwGef;onf/
334
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
yef;csDum;csyfu enf;enf;av;rQyif ra&GU/
xGufaygufum; ay:rvm/
bmrQvnf; rxl;Ncm;/
]]ydkifusifvkH ... xGufaygufudk zGifhEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl;? qufrMudK;pm;ygeJYawmh? ukef;pGefcsDu wu,fhudk
tydkifvkyfxm;ykH&w,f? olu wuGufomoGm;NyDqdkawmh usKyfwdkYtomNidrfaeNyD; taNctaeudk apmifhMunfhMuwm
taumif;qkH;ygyJ? cifAsm; tckvdkvIyf&Sm;wmu tusKd;r&SdbJ usKyfwdkYtm;vkH; 'ku©a&mufatmif vkyfovdkNzpfaeNyD}}
vltif;0g;u ydkifusifvkHudkaNymonf/
yd k i f u sif v k H r S m vnf ; vT w f a Nrmuf E d k i f & ef xG u f a yguf & S m zk d Y rvG , f a Mumif ; em;vnf v d k u f N yD r d k Y
bmrQqufrvkyfawmhbJ xdkifckHwpfckwGif 0ifxdkifcsvdkufonf/
rMumrDrSmyif cef;raqmifxJwGif xGef;xm;aomrD;rsm; wNznf;Nznf; ta&mifrSdefvmonf/
rD;a&mifrsm; wNznf;Nznf;rSdefoGm;ovdk tEÅ&m,ft&dyfrnf;MuD; wppvTrf;rdk;vmonf[k cef;raqmifxJ&Sd
odkif;orm;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGifcHpm;vkdufMu&onf/
rnfolrQ pum;rqdkEdkifMu/
tm;vkH;yif EIwfqdwfum NidrfoufaeMuonf/
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeNcif;uyif ydkípdwfacsmufcsm;p&m aumif;aeonf/
rD;tm;vkH;rSdwfum arSmifusoGm;vQif bmNzpfvmrnfenf;[k olwdkY\pdwfxJwGif awG;awmaerdMuonf/
apmapmu ukef;pGefcsDaNymoGm;ovdk cef;raqmifxJokdY tqdyfaiGUawG ysHUvGifh0ifa&mufvmavrnfvm;[kvnf;
awG;ylrdMuonf/
rD;tdrfrsm; Nidrf;oGm;onf/
za,mif;wdkifrsm;om usefawmhonf/ za,mif;wdkifwdkYrSmvnf; odyfr&SnfMuawmh/ wkdaeMuayNyD/ rMumrDyif
za,mif;wkdifrsm;yg Nidrf;ukefawmhrnf/
cef ; raqmif x J & S d od k i f ; orm;rsm;onf axmif a csmuf a vS m if t d r f x J o k d Y usa&muf a eaom
om;aumifrsm;vdkNzpfaeonf/
za,mif;wkdifrsm; wpfwdkifNyD;wpfwkdif avmifuRrf;ukefqkH;oGm;Muonf/
okdif;orm;tcsKdU\ tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfnnf;wGm;oHrsm;vnf; [kdrS'DrS ay:vmonf/
aoNcif;\taiGUtoufrsm; cef;raqmifwpfckvkH;udk zkH;vTrf;vmonf/
za,mif;wkdif okH;wdkifrQom usefawmhonf/
xdkza,mif;wdkifav; okH;wdkifonf us,f0ef;vSaom cef;raqmifxJwGif bmrQt&mra&muf/
tvif;a&mifu ododomomyif tm;enf;vmonf/
aMumufvefYwMum; a&&Gwfnnf;wGm;oHrsm;vnf; &kwfw&uf wdwfqdwfoGm;Muonf/
aemufqkH;usefaeonfh za,mif;wkdifokH;wdkif ukefvkqJqJtcsdefwGif .../
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[m 0if;tNyifbufwGif y&dowfrsm; rpJao;ay/
MudwfMudwfwdk; r[kwfawmhonfhwdkif tawmfyifrsm;Nym;aeqJNzpfonf/
tdrfa*[m0if;\ yifr0ifayguf wHcg;MuD;rSm apmapmuvdk zGifhrxm;bJ aphaphydwfaeNyD Nzpfonf/
0ifaygufwGif apmifhMuyfaeaom tapmifhrsm;vnf; r&Sdawmh/
tdrfa*[m0if;xJwGifrl rD;a&mifrsm;xdefvif;um wD;rIwfoHrsm;? oDcsif;qdkoHrsm; ay:xGufaeqJNzpfonf/
tdrfa*[m tNyifbufwGif &SdaeMuolrsm;onf tdrfa*[m0if;xJrS ysYHvGifhvmaom aw;oHrsm;udk
em;qifoluem;qifaeMuonf/
&kwfw&uf oDcsif;qdkoHrsm;? wD;rIwfoHrsm; &yfwefYoGm;avonf/
aw;oHrsm;udk em;qifaeolwYkd tHMh oukeMf uonf/ bmaMumifh &yfwefYuek &f oenf; [lívnf; okYd avmodYk avm
awG;awmaeMuonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mMuD;xJrS rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm; &kwfw&uf xawmufavmifvmonf/
vltaygif;rSm &kwfw&uf rSifoufum ai;aMumifaMumif NzpfoGm;Muonf/
335
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aemufrS owd0ifvmMuNyD; atmf[pfaNy;vTm;Muavawmhonf/
]]rD;AsKdU ... rD; ... rD;}}
]]olaX;MuD;ukef;pGefcsD&JU tdrfa*[mMuD; rD;avmifaeNyD}}
]]vmMuygOD; ... vkyfMuygOD;}}
atmf[pfoHrsm;? aNy;vTm;oHrsm;Nzifh xdkae&mteD;0ef;usifonf urÇmysufovdkNzpfoGm;onf/
rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;uvnf; tm;aumif;vSonf/
wcPtwGif;rSmyif MuD;rm;aomrD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;u tdrfa*[mMuD;wpfckvkH;udk vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/
xdkYNyif vufeufukd,fpD udkifpGJxm;aom okdif;orm;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf ydwfaeonfh 0ifaygufwHcg;udk
csKd;zsufum tdraf *[m0if;xJoYkd 0ifa&mufomG ;Muonf/ xdYk aemuf tdraf *[m0if;xJrS atmf[pforH sm; wdu k cf u
dk o
f rH sm;
qlnHpGm ay:xGufvmonf/
td r f a *[mtNyif b uf & S d t&yf o l t &yf o m;rsm;onf aMumuf v ef Y p G m atmf [ pf í aNcOD ; wnf h & mod k Y
xGufaNy;ukefMuonf/
rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;url t&Sdeft[kefNyif;pGm awmufavmifaeqJNzpfonf/
rMumrDrSmyif MunfeefNrdKU0efrif;ESifh oufqdkif&mrsm; a&muf&SdvmNyD; rD;rsm;udk pepfwusNidrf;owfMuonf/
wpfem&DausmfausmftMumwGif rD;pG,fusKd;um rD;Nidrf;oGm;onf/
MuD;us,fcrf;em;vSaom tdrfa*[mMuD;\ q,fykHaNcmufykHrSm rD;avmifuRrf; NymusoGm;cJhayNyD/
NrdKU0efrif;onf rD;avmifuRrf;&onfh taMumif;udk pkHprf;&SmazGonf/ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh þrQ
t&Sdeft[kefNyif;xefonfhrD;MuD; &kwfw&ufavmifuRrf;&onfqdkNcif;ESifh ywfoufí auseyfavmufaom
taMumif;&if;udk &SmazGí r&cJhay/
xdkYNyif olaX;MuD; ukef;pGefcsDESifhwuG ta>ct&Haemufvdkufi,fom;rsm;? tdrfa*[mokdY a&muf&SdaeMuonfh
{nfhonfrsm;rSmvnf; aNrvQKd;ukefMuovdk tpteyif&Smr&bJ aysmufqkH;aeMuNyefonf/
tdrfa*[m0if;xJwGifrl 'Pf&m'Pfcsufrsm;Nzifh aoqkH;aeMuaom tavmif;tcsKdUudkawGU&onf/
tdrfa*[m0if;xJwGif NzpfyGm;cJhaom wkdufckdufrIrsm;aMumifh xdckdufaoqkH;olrsm; NzpfonfqdkNcif;rSvGJí bmaMumifh
wkdufckdufMu&onf qdkNcif;udkvnf;rod/ aoqkH;olrsm;ESifh rD;avmifuRrf;rI rnfokdYrnfykH qufEG,frI&Sdonfudkvnf;
pkHprf;í r&cJhay/
þtaMumif;udpörsm;ESifh ywfoufí MunfeefNrdKUwGif aNymrqkH;Edkifatmif &SdaeMuavawmhonf/
odkif;avmuwGifrl ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[m rD;avmifuRrf;&rIonf e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufcsufNzpfonf[k
owif;MuD;oGm;onf/ owif;ay:rlwnfum e*g;NzLa*[mudk 0dkif;0ef;ESdrfeif;&ef a&Smifvifausmif;awmf?
awav*dkPf;ponfh okdif;avmu\ a&SUaqmifodkif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u vIHYaqmfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; NyKvkyfMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[m rD;avmifrIwGif xl;qef;pGmaysmufqkH;oGm;Muaom odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufaeonfh odkif;orm;toD;oD;wkdYuvnf; pkHprf;axmufvSrf;rIrsm; NyKvkyfMuonf/
þokdYNzifh MunfeefNrdKUwGif odkif;orm;rsm; t0iftxGufrsm;vmcJhonf/
odkif;avmurSmvnf; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; ydkíNzpfvmawmhonf/

336
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (30)
MunfeefNrdKU\ vrf;rMuD;wpfckay:wGif Nzpfonf/
vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif vltrsm;O'[kd oGm;vmaeMuovdk vrf;ab;&Sd pm;aomufqdkifrsm;xJwGifvnf;
pm;aomufaeMuolrsm; renf;ay/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf vlpnfum;aom vrf;rMuD;ay:wGif aNcvSr;f wpfvrS ;f csif; cyfreS rf eS af vQmufvrf;í vmonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mMuD; &kwfw&uf rD;avmifuRrf;csdefu tdrfa*[mxJwGif ol&SdaecJhonf/ rD;avmifuRrf;rIudk
ud k , f a wG U rsuf N rif N zpf c J h o nf / od k Y & mwG i f rnf o nf h t wG u f a Mumif h rD ; rsm;&k w f w &uf x avmif v mNcif ; ES i f h
tdrfa*[mxJwGif bmawGysufpD;ukefMuonfqdkNcif;wdkYudkrl rodcJhay/
olonf oD;oefY{nfhonfawmfrsm;ESifh tqifhNrifhodkif;ynm&SifMuD;rsm;udk {nfh0wfNyK&m cef;raqmifxJwGif
ae&mr&bJ vli,fykdif;odkif;orm;rsm;twGuf pm;aomuf0dkif;rsm; cif;usif;xm;&m ae&mwGifom 0ifxdkifcJh&onf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf tNcm;vli,foikd ;f orm;rsm;ESihf tvdu k of ifah &maESmum pum;aNymqdk pm;aomufaecsderf mS yif
b,f v k d u bmNzpf o nf r od ? td r f a *[m\ ae&mtES H Y tNym;wG i f rD ; awmuf r D ; vQH r sm; &k w f w &uf
xawmufavmifvmcJhonf/
okdif;orm;tm;vkH;yif tvefYwMum;ESifh aomaom&kwf&kwf NzpfukefMuonf/
]]toufraocsif&if tNyifudkxGufaNy;Mu? 'DrSm raeeJY}}
rnfolu rnfonfhtwGuf atmfvdkufonfrod/ atmf[pfowday;oHrsm;vnf; ay:xGufvmonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf ,ef a vmuf q ef t wG u f p k d ; &d r f u m txl ; {nf h o nf a wmf r sm;ES i f h tqif h N rif h
odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;tm; oD;oefY{nfhcH&m yifrcef;raqmifbufokdY aNy;vmcJhonf/
337
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
okdYaomf yifrcef;raqmif\ teD;0ef;usifwGif rD;tm;tvGefaumif;aeaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
b,fvdkrSrwwfombJ aemufNyefqkwfvmcJh&onf/
td r f a *[m0if ; xJ o k d Y a&muf a omtcgwG i f vuf e uf u d k i f p G J x m;aom 0l w ef ; *d k P f ; om;rsm;
NcH0if;xJaNy;0ifvmMuonfudk awGU&Nyefonf/ xdkYaemuf NcH0if;xJwGif wdkufyGJtMuD;tus,f NzpfyGm;onf/
rnfolESifhrnfolwdkY wdkufckdufaeMurSef;udkyif rodEdkif/
wdkufyGJ0ifaeMuolwdkYonf rnf;rnf;Nrif&mudk vdkufwdkufaeMuonfh toGifrsKd;Nzpfaeonf/
tdrfa*[mMuD;udk avmifuRrf;aeonfh rD;&Sdefuvnf; ydkíaumif;vmonf/ rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;onf
aumif;uifudk awmufavmifawmhrnf[k xif&avmufatmifyif MuD;rm;vmonf/
bmrSef;nmrSef;rodaomwdkufyGJwGif acsmifydwfumyg0ifrdrnfpkd;aomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf tdrfa*[m0if;
tNyifbufodkYom ta&mufa&Smifwdrf;xGufvmcJhonf/
avmifaeaomrD;rsm; Nidrf;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf tdrfa*[mem;okdY ra,mifrvnfESifh oGm;a&mufum
owif;pkHprf;Munfhao;onf/
trsKd;rsKd;xifaMu;ay; aNymqdkaerIrsm;udk Mum;&aomfvnf; auseyfavmufonfh taNzudkum; r&cJhay/
,efavmufqefrSmvnf; aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufaeNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrd\rdwfaqGMuD; ,efavmufqeftwGuf aemufqHwif;aeaomaMumifh MunfeefNrdKUrS
rcGmEdkifbJ acwåem;cdkaexdkif&if; ,efavmufqeftaMumif; owif;pkH;prf;aecJhonf/
rnfodkYrQ owif;pkHprf;r&aomaMumifh pdwfysufvufavQmh &awmhravmuf Nzpfaeonf/
wpf a ,muf w nf ; pOf ; pm;&if ; avQmuf v S r f ; vmcJ h a om &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf vrf ; oG , f a v;wpf c k o k d Y
a&muf&Sdvmonf/
xd k a e&monf acsmif u sonf h a e&m r[k w f a omf v nf ; vrf ; rMuD ; rS m avmuf a wmh vl o G m ;vl v m
pnfum;Ncif;r&Sday/
udk,fhtawG;ESifhudk,f avQmufvmol &SD;xifcsdwfonf pm;aomufqdkifwpfckckwGif 0ifNyD;pm;aomuf&ef
,ckrSpdwful;&vmonf/ xdkvrf;oG,fav;xJwGif pm;aomufqdkifr&Sday/ xdkUaMumifh vrf;rMuD;bufokdYNyefoGm;&ef
aemufodkYvSnfhvdkufcsdefrSmyif rdrd&Sd&mokdY rdef;rysKdav;wpfa,muf aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh avQmufvSrf;vmonfudk
awGUvdkuf&onf/
rdef;rysKdav; avQmufvSrf;vmonfrSm tawmfyif okwfoD;okwfysmEdkifvSonf/ ta&;wMuD;NzpfaeaMumif;
odomEdkifonf/
udk,fay:wGif teDa&mif0wfpkHudk 0wfqifxm;NyD; touft&G,frSm &SD;xifcsdwfESifh rwdrf;r,drf;yif Nzpfonf/
&kyf&nfu tawmfav;acsmarmonf/
]]'Drdef;uav; bmvdkYrsm; 'Davmufawmif a&;MuD;okwfysm Nzpfvm&wmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf teD;0ef;usifudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkufrd\/
rdef;rysKd\aemufbufwGif vlESpfa,mufaNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh vkdufygvmMuonfudk awGU&\/
wpfa,mufu tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;NyD; usefwpfa,mufu tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onf/
xkdvlESpfa,muf\ rsufESmtrlt&mrSm NyDwDwDNzpfaeonf/
]][dwf ... rdef;uav;? cPavmuf &yfprf;ygOD;? wdkYudkNrifwmeJY bmaMumifh 'DavmufawmifaoaNy;&SifaNy;
xGufaNy;ae&wmvJ}}
tpdrf;a&mif 0wfpkH0wfvlu vSrf;aNymonf/
xdkokdY aNymNyD;aemuf vsifNrefpGmaNy;vTm;vdkuf&m rdef;rysKd\a&SUbufokdY wr[kwfcsif;yif a&mufvmonf/
rdef;rysKdrSmvnf; qufraNy;omawmhbJ aNcvSrf;wkHY&yfoGm;onf/
]]&SifwkdYu b,fvdkoabmeJY uRefraemufudkvdkufvmMuwmvJ}}
aMumuf&GHUwdwfvefYonfh[ef &Sdaeaomfvnf; rdef;rysKdav;onf avoHrmrmESifh cyfwif;wif;ar;vkdufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif tñdka&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSmvnf; tem;okdYa&mufvmonf/
]]wdkYu rif;udk twlwlpm;aomufzkdY zdwfac:csifvdkYyguG,f}}
338
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu NyDwDwDavoHNzifh aNymonf/
]]&SifwdkYeJYuRefreJY oduRrf;MuwmvJ r[kwfbJeJY &SifwdkYzdwfac:wmudk uRefru b,fvkdvkyf vufcHEdkifrSmvJ}}
]]roduRrf;vJ udpör&Sdygbl;uGm? wdkYac:&mudkom at;at;aq;aq; vkdufcJhprf;yg}}
]]tdk ... rvdkufEdkifygbl;? &SifwkdYu uRefrudk bmrSwfaevJ? uRefr[m wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu ...}}
rdef;rysKd\pum;rqkH;rD tñdka&mif0wfpkHESifhvlu Mum;Nzwfí
]]rif;udk wdrfvTm&JwkdufocifMuD;&JUorD; vdcsrfvlNzpfrSef; igwdkYodygw,f? igwdkYu wdrfvTm&JwdkufudkvJ
ta&;rxm;ygbl;}}
aNymaNymqkdqdk a&SUokdYavQmufvSrf;wufvmonf/
]]&Sif ... 'gbmvkyfwmvJ}}
rdef;rysKdav;\toHrSm ododomomyif wkef,ifvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfraeomawmh/ 0ifa&mufpGufzuf &avawmh\/
]]vrf;v,facgifrmS rde;f uav;wpfa,mufukd 'Dvt kd aESmift
h ,Suaf y;aewm w&m;awmhveG Nf yDAsm? vlNrifvYkd vJ
raumif;ygbl;}}
rdef;rysKdESifh xdkvlESpfa,mufwdkY&Sdae&mokdY tomavQmufvSrf;oGm;&if; avat;at;Nzifh aNymvdkufonf/
]]tckudpöu usKyfwkdY&JUtwGif;a&;yg? armif&ifav;eJY bmrSrqdkifygbl;? udk,fhvrf;udk,favQmuf&if
aumif;r,fxifw,f}}
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk pl;pdkufMunfhNyD; aNymonf/
tMunfhu at;pufrmausmovdk avoHuvnf; cyfrmrmNzpfonf/ awmf&kHwef&kHvlqdkvQif xdktMunfhESifh
xdktaNymwdkYaMumifh NzKHoGm;Edkifavmufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuawmh rnfokdYrQwkefvIyfNcif;r&Sd? wnfNidrfaomtrlt&mESifhyif tom&yfae&mrS ...
]]rdef;uav; wpfa,mufudk quftaESmifht,Suf ray;ygeJYawmhAsm? olUbmomol at;at;aq;aq;
oGm;p&m&Sdwmudk oGm;ygap}}
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvl rsufESmxm;wif;rmoGm;um ...
]]armif&ifav;u w,fcufwmudk;? e*g;0Suf&JwdkufuvlawGudk rif;updefac:rvdkYvm;}}
xdkolu e*g;0Suf&Jwkduf\trnfudk aNymvdkufvQif wzufom; aMumufvefY aemufqkwfoGm;rnf[k
wGufxm;[efwlonf/
okdYaomf &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY xkdtrnfudk ,ckrSom Mum;zl;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
tu,fí e*g;0Suf&Jwdkufudk od&Sdxm;vQifvnf; aMumuf&GHUaemufwGefUoGm;rnf r[kwfay/
]]aMomf ... e*g;0Suf&Jwdkufuqdkawmh aMumufp&mygyJvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu aMumufvefYoGm;onfh toGifrsKd;NyKum aNymvdkufonf/
wu,faMumufvefYNcif;r[kwfbJ wrifoufouf aMumuf[efaqmifaNymvkdufNcif; NzpfaMumif;
em;vnfonfhtwGuf vl&rf;um;ESpfa,mufrSm a'goxGufukefMuonf/
wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf rsuf&dyfNytcsufay;um &SD;xifcsdwf\a&SUbufESifh aemufausmbufwGif n§yfí
ae&m,lvdkufMuonf/
aemufausmbufwGif ae&m,lxm;onfh tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu Nyif;xefaomvuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh
&SD;xifcsdwf\aemufausmudk &dkufcsum wdkufyGJpvkdufonf/
wdkufyGJtawGUtMuKH tawmftwef &SdaeNyDNzpfaom &SD;xifcsdwfonf vuf0g;&dkufoHudkMum;onfESifh
wzufvl\ okdif;ynmtpGrf;ESifh tm;tifrSmrao;aMumif; &dyfrdvdkufonf/
xdkYaMumifh vuf0g;&dkufcsufudk awmifhcHNcif;rNyKbJ ayghyg;aomudk,f[efNzifhvIyf&Sm;um vSpfceJ
a&Smifay;vkdufonf/
xdkokdY a&Smifwdrf;&mwGif onftwkdif; tom;vGwfa&SmifxGufoGm;Ncif; r[kwfay/ a&SmifxGufoGm;&if;
aemufNyef aNcuefcsufwpfcsufNzifh tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvludk wefNyefwdkufckdufonf/

339
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tndKa&mif 0wfpkH0wfvlrSm xyfqifh vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm; qufwdkufr&dkufEdkifawmh/ &SD;xifcsdwf\
aNcysHuefcsufrS vGwf&avatmif udk,f&Sdefowfí a&Smifwdrf;vdkuf&onf/
tndKa&mif0wfp0Hk wfv\ l wdu k pf pfwpfcsuf wefYomG ;onfEiS hf &S;D xifcsw
d \f ta&SUbufwiG f ae&m,lxm;aom
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu cyfMurf;Murf;cyf&rf;&rf; wdkufcdkufvmNyefonf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ wdkufcsufudk a&Smifwdrf;xGufvmonfh &SD;xifcsdwfudk a&SUbufrSaeí tydkiftEdkif
oabmxm;um twGif;tm; tNynfhxnfhxm;aom vuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh qD;MudK&dkufcsonf/
vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf u tm;tif N yif ; xef v S o nf / tm;uk e f t if u k e f o k H ; um &d k u f c svd k u f o nf h t wG u f
ol\udk,fcE¨myifvQif vuf0g;&dkufcsufaemufodkY ikdufqif;ygvmcJhonf/
tndKa&mif 0wfpkH0wfvl\ aemufausmbufrS wdkufckdufvmrIudk a&Smifwdrf;NyD;cgpNzpfaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
tm;ukeftifukef Nyif;Nyif;xefxef &dkufcsvmaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufudk a&Smifwdrf;&ef tcsdefr&awmhay/
onf t wk d i f ; awmif h c H & ef r S m vnf ; wzuf v l \ vuf 0 g;&d k u f c suf u tm;tif t vG e f N yif ; xef N yD ;
Murf;wrf;vSaomaMumifh odyfrvG,f/
twdrf;tapmif; rcHaomtaNctaeESifh &ifqdkifae&avNyD/
onfvkd taNctaersKd;ESihf &ifqikd &f vQif odik ;f ynmpGr;f &nf xufNrufro I mru vQyfwNyuf pOf;pm;qk;H NzwfNyD;
tNrefqkH;vIyf&Sm; vkyfaqmif&efrSmvnf; tvGefta&;MuD;onf/
w'*Fav;rQyif wkHYqdkif;aeí r&/
w'*F\ xuf0ufrQaom tcsdefav;uyifvQif tvGefwefzdk;&SdvSonf/ tEkdift&IH;udk qkH;Nzwfay;Edkifonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; wkHYqdkif;raeyg/ ai;idkifawGa0Ncif;vnf; rNzpf/
&kwfNcnf;yif wefNyefvIyf&Sm;onf/
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ vufaumuf0wfudk tcsufusus qwfceJqkyfzrf;um tm;aNymif;tm;,lenf;udk
okH;í qGJvSnfhwGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
þokdY tm;aNymif;tm;,lenf;Nzifh wefNyef&mwGif tm;tiftaxGtxl; pdkufxkwfp&mrvdkay/ wzufvl\
tm;tifudktokH;csum wefNyef&Ncif;Nzpfonf/ tcsufusus? tuGufrdrdNzifh oGufvufNrefqefpGm vIyf&Sm; EdkifzdkYawmh
vdkonf/ okdYrSom ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif wdkufcdkufEdkifayrnf/
vIy&f mS ;&mwGif tuGuu f seNcif;vnf; r&S?d [efcsufuvnf;rnDvQif wzufv\ l tm;tifukd vT, J t l ok;H csNcif;
NyKEdkifrnfr[kwf/ wdkufcdkufrItm;tif'Pfudkom tMuD;tus,f cH&rnfNzpfonf/
onfvdk tm;aNymif;tm;,lenf;Nzifh wdkufckdufrIonf tpGrf;xufNrufoavmuf twdrf;tapmif;rcHbJ
tEÅ&m,fMuD;vSonf/
&S;D xifcsdw\ f wefNyefvyI &f mS ;rIurl [efcsufno D nf/ tuGuu f sonf/ xdYk aMumifh tpdr;f a&mif0wf00Hk wfvrl mS
rdrd\tm;tifudk rdrdrxdef;EdkifbJ wywfvnfum ,drf;,dkifoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfu tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvludk nmaNcNzifh NzwfuefvdkufNyefonf/
]]zkef; ...}}
aNcuefcsufu tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ csufaumif;udk ususeeMuD; uefrdonf/
]]tm; ...}}
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSm wcsufomatmfEkdifNyD; acGvsufom; vJusoGm;onf/
&S;D xifcsdwu f tpdr;f a&mif0wfp0Hk wfvu l kd aemufxyfaNcaxmufNzifh wcsufxyfuef&ef [efNyifvu dk Nf yefonf/
onfaNcuefcsufwpfcsuf xyfqifhvdkufvQif tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvludk wa&;warmavmuf owdvpftdyfarmus
oGm;apEdkifrnfNzpfonf/
odkY&mwGif ...
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufausmudk cRefxufaomvufonf;rsm;Nzifh ukwfqGJvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlukd aNcaxmufNzifh xyfqifhruefEdkifawmh/ a&SUokdY0rf;vsm;xdk;
arSmufcsum tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ &ifbwfudk ususee uefrdonf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvl aNrMuD;ay: wapmif;vJusoGm;onf/
340
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aNcuefcsuftxdcHvdkuf&onfhae&monf omrefae&mr[kwf/ wu,fhcsufaumif; ae&mNzpfonf/
csufaumif;udk ususeeuefrdaomaMumifh tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSm tawmfyiftxdemonf/ þokdYtxdem
oGm;onfhMum;rSyif usef&Sdaeao;orQ tm;tifrsm;udk tpGrf;ukefpkpnf;um aemufqkH;tMudrf wdkufckdufrI
wpfckudkNyKonf/
wapmif;vJusoGm;onfh rdrd\ukd,fcE¨m aNrMuD;ay:odkYusa&mufroGm;rD tvGefwdkawmif;vSaom tcsdefydkif;
uav;wGif tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlonf aNcwzufudk qefYxkwfum &SD;xifcsdwftm;vSrf;uefonf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu aNcaxmufNzifhvSrf;uefcsdefwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSmvnf; 0rf;vsm;xdk;arSmufcs&m
aNrMuD;ay:odkY rusa&mufao;bJ avxJü&SdaeqJNzpfaeonf/
onfawmh ...
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ aemufqkH;wdkufcsuftNzpf vSrf;uefvdkufaomaNcuefcsufonf &SD;xifcsdwf\
aNczsm;udk xdrdonf/
xdrdonfh t&Sdeft[kefrSm bmrQr[kwfaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfonf [efcsufysufum rdrd\tm;t&Sdefudk
rxdef;EdkifbJ aNrNyifay:odkY xdk;usoGm;avonf/ tawmftus qdk;aomaMumifh aNrMuD;ay:rS &kwfw&uf Nyefx
rvmEdkifawmhay/
ab;wGif&yfMunfhaeaom vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwfxdckduftemw& NzpfoGm;aMumif; NrifawGU&onfESifh
a&SUodkYaNy;wufvmum tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvl\ aemufausmudk aNcaxmufNzifh Nzwfuefonf/
xdkolrSm tm;wif;um &SD;xifcsdwfudk aNcaxmufNzifh vSrf;uefvdkufaomfvnf; 'Pf&mNyif;Nyif;xefxef
&aecJhonf/ ,ck vdcsrfvl\aNcuefcsufudk &ifqdkif&onfwGif aNcESifhNzwfuefvdkufrSef; awGUNrifod&Sdapumrl
wuk, d vf ;Hk emusiu f m tm;tifuek cf ef;aeaomaMumifh a&Smifwrd ;f vdak omfvnf; pdwo f m&SNd yD; ud,
k cf E¨m pdwt f vdtk wdik ;f
rvdkufEdkifbJNzpfaeonf/
þwGif vdcsrfvl\aNcuefcsufonf tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvludk ususeeyif uefrdoGm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftwGuf pkd;&drfpdwfNzifh vdcsrfvlonf twGif;tm;q,fykH&SpfykHcefYxnfhxm;&m aNcuefcsufu
tawmfyiftm;Nyif;onf/
e*dkuyif 'Pf&mNyif;Nyif;xefxef&aeaom tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSm txl;yiftxdemvsuf owdvpf
oGm;avawmh\/
vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&modkY aNy;oGm;um az;rulnDay;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudk ... b,fvdkaevJ[if? 'Pf&mtawmfrsm;ovm;}}
EIwfrSvnf; pdk;&drfwMuD; ar;Nref;vdkufonf/
]][kd ... [kd ... tif; ... [kd'if;}}
vdcsrfvl\ teD;uyfaz;rulnDay;aerIaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyiftaecufae\/ 'Pf&mu
odyrf Nyif;aomfvnf; rde;f uav;wpfO;D ESihf eD;eD;uyfuyf &Sad eNcif;aMumifh pdwt
f vGev f yI &f mS ;um bmNyefaNym&rSe;f rodbJ
pum;yif txpfxpftaighaigh Nzpfaeavonf/
þonfudkyif vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif 'Pf&mtNyif;txef&aomaMumifh[k xifrdonf/ þwdkufcdkufrIwGif
ESpfzufpvkH; xdckduftemw&mNzpfaomaMumifh tEdkift&IH;ray:[k qdkEdkifonf/
okdY&mwGif wzufvlESpfa,mufrSm ydktxdemum rvIyfr,Suf&SdaeMuonf/ aoonf&Sifonfudkyif
cGJNcm;raNymEdkifay/
vdcsrv f o
l nf wzufvEl pS af ,mufukd tav;rxm;awmhbJ &S;D xifcsw d u
f kd az;rwGx J u
l m wdrv f mT &Jwukd &f &dS mokYd
xGufvmcJhavonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;onf MunfeefNrdKU\ ta&SUbuf rdkifig;q,fcefYa0;aom wdrfvTmaus;&GmteD;wGif
wnf&Sdonf/
MunfeefNrdKUokdYoGm;av&m c&D;a0;vrf;rMuD;onf wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;&Sd&mtxd raygufa&mufay/
xdkvrf;rMuD;rS cGJvmaom vrf;oG,fwpfckuom wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;&Sd&modkY a&mufonf/

341
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkvrf;oG,frSm ausmufcif;vrf;awmhr[kwfay/ aNreDvrf;wpfckomNzpfonf/ aumif;rGefpGmNyKNyif xdef;odrf;
xm;aomaMumifh aNreDvrf;yifNzpfaomfvnf; nDnmaNyNypfvSonf/
tcsdefrSm naeapmif;Nzpfonf/
aevkH;eDeDMuD;u taemufrdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wGif ikyfvQKd;pNyKae\/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;okdYoGm;&m aNreDvrf;ay:wGif Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD; t&SdefNyif;pGm aNy;vTm;oGm;aeonf/
Nrif;vSnf;udk vdcsrfvlu armif;ESifonf/ Nrif;vSnf;tdrfxJwGifrl &SD;xifcsdwfyg&Sdvmonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf
&xm;aom'Pf&maMumifh Nrif;vSnf;tdrfxJwGif vJavsmif;um tomrSdef;íaeonf/
vdcsrfvlrSm wdrfvTm&Jwkdufocif vda&Smufa0\ wpfOD;wnf;aomorD;Nzpfonf/ vda&Smufa0onf
vdcsrfvludk cspfcifNrwfEdk;ovdk tm;vnf;udk;onf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufESifh ywfoufonfhtwGif;a&; udpörsm;tm;
vdcsrfvludkyif txl;wm0efay;um vkyfaqmifckdif;avh&Sdonf/
xdo k Ydk vkyaf qmifaecJ&h aomaMumifh wdrvf mT &Jwu kd \
f twGi;f a&;udprö sm;udk vdcsrfval umif;pGm od&adS ecJo h nf/
,aeYwGifvnf; zcifNzpfol\ txl;wm0efay; apvTwfcsuft& MunfeefNrdKU&Sd 0rf;aywkeftrnf&Sd
odkif;ynm&SifMuD;wpfa,mufxH oGm;a&mufcJh&onf/ xdkokdY oGm;a&muf&onfrSm 0rf;aywkefudk wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY
MuGa&mufvm&ef zdwfac:Ncif;Nzpfonf/
0rf;aywkefonf rdrdzcifESifh &if;ESD;cifrifolwpfa,muf NzpfaMumif;udkum; vdcsrfvlodxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif
rnfonfhtaMumif;udpöaMumifh ta&;wMuD;zdwfac:cdkif;&onf qdkNcif;udkrl rodcJhay/
vdcsrfvltzdkY txl;wm0efay;apcdkif;í vkyfaqmifcJh&rIrsm; renf;awmh/ cgwdkif;vkyfaqmifcJh&onfh
wm0efrsm;ESifh ywfoufí rnfonfhtaMumif;udpörsm; Nzpfonfudk tNynfhtpkH od&SdcJh&onf/
,aeY 0rf ; aywk e f u d k oG m ;a&muf z d w f a c:&onf h ud p ö u d k r l vd a &S m uf a 0u wcG e f ; wyg'rQ
xkwfazmfaNymrNycJhonfhtwGuf tawG;&cufp&m NzpfaecJhonf/
0rf;aywkef\ tdrfa*[mokdY a&muf&SdoGm;aomtcg 0rf;aywkefrSm &yfa0;okdY c&D;xGufaeaMumif; od&onf/
vdcsrfvl wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY NyefvmcJh&onf/
xdkokdY wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY Nyeftvmvrf;wGif odkif;orm;vl&rf;um;ESpfa,muf\ aESmifh,SufNcif;cH&NyD;
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh qkHrdcJhNcif;Nzpfayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf&&Sdaom 'Pf&mrSm twGif;'Pfr[kwfay/ tqpfvGJoGm;onfh ty&du'Pf&mrsKd;om Nzpfonf/
aq;vdrf;NyD; wpf&ufESpf&ufavmuf tem;,lvdkufvQif vkH;0aysmufuif;oGm;ayrnf/
vdcsrfvlonf apmapmydkif;u &SD;xifcsdwf'Pf&mNyif;Nyif;xefxef &oGm;onfxifum pdk;&drfrd\/ ,ckrl
'Pf&mtaNctaeudk od&NyDrdkY pdk;&drfpdwfavsmhenf;oGm;&\/
okdY&mwGif rdrdudkulnDay;&mrS ,ckvdkxdcdkuf'Pf&m&cJhonfhtwGuf wu,fhtNyif;txef 'Pf&m&xm;olyrm
ta&;pdkufum NyKpkay;NyD; wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdYta&muf ac:aqmifvmcJhonf/
vdcsrfvEl iS hf &S;D xifcsdww
f Ykd onf oufw&l ,
G wf l Nzpf&rHk u &d;k om;yGiv
hf if;olrsm;vnf;Nzpf&m wdrv f mT &Jwukd o
f Ykd
oGm;&mvrf;wGif pum;vufqkHusvsuf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf tawmfyif&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifoGm;Muonf/
rMumrDrSmyif Nrif;vSnf;onf wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;a&SUokdY a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
]]tJ'g uRefrwdkY&JU wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;yJ}}
vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSnfhMunfhNyD;aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; vJavsmif;ae&mrS xxdkifvdkufonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;onf odkif;avmuwGif emrnfausmfMum; vlodrsm;Ncif;r&SdvSay/ okdYaomf MunfeefNrdKU
teD;0ef;usif e,fy,fa'orsm;wGifrl vlwdkif;vdkvdkuyif wdrfvTm&JwdkuftaMumif;udk od&SdMuavonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkYrSmrl wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\trnfudk ,ckrSyifMum;&zl;NyD; yxrqkH;tMudrf a&muf&Sdvm&Ncif;vnf;
Nzpfonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;onf MuD;rm;cHhxnfonf/ NcH0if;y&0Pfuvnf; us,faNymonf/
0if;wHcg;0wGif vufeufudk,fpD udkifaqmifxm;aom odkif;orm;av;a,muf apmifhMuyfaeMuonf/
]]0if;wHcg;udk NrefNrefzGifhay;Muprf;}}
342
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
Nrif;vSnf;udk armif;ESifvmaom vdcsrfvlu atmf[pfaNymqdkvdkufonf/
tapmifhokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf ysmysmovJyif 0if;wHcg;udkzGifhay;vkduf&m vdcsrfvlvnf; Nrif;vSnf;udk
&Jwdkuf0if;twGif;odkY armif;ESif0ifvdkufonf/
0if;wHcg;rS &Jwdkuf&Sd&mokdYrl ausmufNym;rsm; cif;xm;onfhvrf;u aNzmifhNzL;pGm&Sdaeonf/ vdcsrfvlonf
ausmufcif;vrf;twkdif; &Jwdkuf&Sd&mokdY qufvufarmif;ESifoGm;onf/
&JwdkufMuD;\ {nfhcef;aqmifa&SUem;wGif Nrif;vSnf;udk&yfNyD; &SD;xifcsdwftm; atmufokdYaz;rwGJcs
ay;rnfNyKonf/
]][m ... aeygapAsm? uRefawmfhbmom uRefawmfqif;Edkifygw,f}}
rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf\ az;ray;Ncif;cH&rSm rsufESmylaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwf ysmysmovJNiif;y,fum
olUbmomolMudK;pm;í Nrif;vSnf;ay:rS qif;onf/
vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk az;rwGJcsay;Ncif; rNyKawmhaomfvnf; vdktyfvQif ulnDwGJay;Edkif&ef
tem;rSuyfí MunfhaecJhonf/
]]azaz b,frSm&SdaevJ? uRefrNyefa&mufvmNyDvdkY oGm;aNymay;yg}}
vdcsrfvlu {nfhcef;aqmift0if0em;&Sd tapmifhokdif;orm;udk vSrf;aNymonf/
]][kd ... [kd ...}}
tapmifhodkif;orm;onf rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;NyD; pum;yifrqdkEdkifbJ txpfxpftaighaigh Nzpfaeonf/
]]&Sif b,fvdkNzpfaewmvJ? uRefr Nyefa&mufvmwJhtaMumif; azazhudk oGm;aNymay;ygvdkYqdkaewm
rMum;bl;vm;}}
pdwfNrefaom vdcsrfvlu cyfaigufaiguf aNymvdkufonf/
]]ocifMuD; vlwpfa,mufvmac:vdkY tNyifoGm;ygw,fcifAs}}
tapmifhokdif;orm;u NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]b,fuvlvJ? bmudpöeJY xGufoGm;wmvJ}}
]]tJ'gudkawmh uRefawmfvJ rodygbl;}}
]]uJ ... uJ xm;vdkufawmh}}
vdcsrfvlu xdkokdYaNymNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudk {nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/ wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\
orm;awmfMuD;udkyifhac:um &SD;xifcsdwf\'Pf&mudk NyKpkukoay;aponf/
xdYk aemuf vdcsrfvo l nf &S;D xifcsdwu
f kd txl;oD;oefYcef;xJwiG f tem;,laexdik Ef idk &f ef pDpOfay;onf/ &Ha&Tazmf
rdef;uav;ESpfa,mufESifh vufyg;apvkvif wpfa,mufudkvnf; NyKpkay;&ef pDpOfxm;&Sdayonf/
wMud r f r Q þuJ h o k d Y t a&;w,l NyKpk a y;Ncif ; rsKd ; ud k rcH z l ; aom &S D ; xif c sd w f r S m tvG e f t m;emum
tawmftae&txdkif& cufaeonf/
rnfoYdk yifqakd p vdcsrfvl {nf0h wfausyGepf mG pDpOfay;rIaMumifh &S;D xifcsdwrf mS aumif;rGepf mG tem;,lEikd cf o hJ nf/
t&kPfusif;í ta&SUbufrdk;aumif;uifwGif a&mifeDyif ysKdUvmcJhavNyD/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufocif vda&Smufa0onf &JwdkufodkY Nyefa&mufrvmao;ay/
rnfolrnf0grSef;rodaom vlpdrf;wpfa,mufESifh bmtaMumif;udpöaMumifhrSef; rodbJ xGufoGm;cJhonfh
zcifNzpfol Nyeftvmudk vdcsrfvlonf wnvkH;yif xdkifapmifhaecJhonf/
]]rdk;awmifvif;awmhr,f? azazu bmaMumifhrsm; Nyefrvmao;wmvJ? vkyfp&mudpaö wGu odyfta&;MuD;NyD;
rNyD;Nywfao;vkdYrsm;vm;? azazhudk vmac:oGm;wJhvluaum b,folvJ? &Jwdkufu vlawGudkar;MunfhawmhvJ
wa,mufrSrodMubl;? qef;awmh tawmfqef;wmyJ}}
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif trsKd;rsKd;awG;awm pkd;&drfaerdavonf/
]]'De,fy,frSm azazhudk &efNyKEdkifr,fhvlvJ r&Sdygbl;? udpörNyD;Nywfao;vkdY NyefrvmwmyJ NzpfrSmygav}}
aemufqkH;wGif pdwfudk'kH;'kH;csí aNzodrfhawG; awG;vdkufrdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif {nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY &SD;xifcsdwf 0ifa&mufvmonf/
]]vdcsrfvl tapmMuD;Edk;aeygvm;}}
343
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfu EIwfqufpum;qdkonf/
]]a[m ... tpfudk &SD;xifcsdwfygvm;? &Sifh'Pf&maum b,fhES,faeao;vJ? oufomoGm;NyDvm;}}
vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwfudkvSnfhMunfhNyD; ar;onf/
]]'Pf&mu vkH;vkH;aysmufoGm;ygNyD? tck okdif;avhusifhMunfhwm bmtaESmifht,Suf tcuftcJrawGU&bJ
avhusifhEdkifw,fav? vdcsrfvl NyKpkukoay;vkdY tckvdk tcsdefwdkwdkeJY oufomaysmufuif;cJh&wm trsm;MuD;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
]]tdk ... r[kwfwm? uRefru aus;Zl;wif&rSmyg&Sif}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vdcsrfvl\rsufESmav; ñId;i,fum rsufvkH;rsm;ndKaeonfudk owdNyKrdoGm;NyD; ...
]]a[m ... 'gu b,fvdk ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwf bmudkqdkvkdaMumif; vdcsrfvlu em;vnfonfhtwGuf ...
]]uRefr rsufuGif;awGndKaewmudk aNymcsifwmvm;? tif; ... nu wnvkH;rSrtdyfcJh&wm? rsufuGif;awG
ndKaerSmaygh}}
]]wnvkH;rtdyf&atmif b,fvdktaMumif;udpöawGrsm; NzpfaevdkYvJ}}
vdcsrfvl csufcsif;pum;rNyef/
rdrd&ifxJwGif&Sdaeaom 'dG[pdwfESifh aomuyGm;ae&rIrsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwftm; zGifhaNymoifhraNymoifh csifhcsdef
awG;awmaeonf/
]]uRefawmfu cifAsm;udk rdwfaqGaumif;wa,mufvdkY owfrSwfxm;ygw,f? rdwfaqGaumif;qdkwm
wa,mufrSmtcuftcJ&Sd&if wa,mufu ulnDaqmif&Guf ay;&rSmaygh? vdcsrfvlwdkY tcuftcJNyóemwckckeJY
&ifqdkifae&w,fqdk&ifvJ uRefawmf wwfEdkifoavmuf ulnDay;yg&ap}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu xyfaNymonf/
]]azaz tckxufxd Nyefa&mufrvmao;vkdYyg? bmudpöaMumifh xGufoGm;&w,fqdkwmvJ rod&? NyefvJ
a&mufrvmEdkifwmeJY uRefrpdk;&drfrdNyD; wnvkH; xkdifapmifhaecJhwmyg}}
vdcsrfvEl iS hf &S;D xifcsdww
f Ykd pum;aNymaepOfrmS yif {nfch ef;aqmifxo
J Ykd toufig;q,fcefY&dS vlMuD;wpfa,muf
avQmufvSrf;0ifa&mufvmonf/
xdkvlMuD;onf vda&Smufa0\nDawmf vdauG[GmNzpfonf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif vda&Smufa0NyD;vQif
MoZmtmPm t&SdqkH;vlvnf; Nzpfonf/
rdrd\OD;&D;awmf 0ifa&mufvmonfhtwGuf vdcsrfvlonf xdkifae&mrSxum t&dktaoay;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; vdcsrfvlenf;wlyif x&yfvsuf t&dktaoay;onf/
vdauG[Gmonf t&yftarmif;Nrifhrm;NyD; udk,fum,MuHYcdkifoefpGrf;onf/ trlt&mu pmayorm;
wpfa,muftoGif ,Ofaus;ysLiSmonf/
vdauG[GmrSmvnf; taMumif;udpw ö pfckaMumifh c&D;xGufae&m vdcsrfvlESifh&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY
Nyefa&mufvmonfhtcgu rawGUMu&ay/
]]OD;&D;awmf Nyefa&mufvmwmeJYtawmfyJ? azaz b,fvdkxGufoGm;w,fqdkwm OD;&D;awmfodvm;[if}}
tm;udk;&rnfhvlwpfa,muf wdk;vmonfhozG,f vdcsrfvlu tavmwMuD;yif ar;vdkufonf/
vdauG[Gm acgif;wcsuf ndwfNyNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfudkvSrf;Munfhum ...
]]'geJY 'Doli,fu b,folvJuG,fh}}
]]uRefawmfhemrnf &SD;xifcsdwfvdkY ac:ygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrd\trnfudk xkwfazmfumaNymvdkufonf/
vdcsrfvluvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfESifhawGUqkHcJh&ykH taMumif;pkHudkaNymNyonf/
vdcsrfvlaNymNyonfrsm;udk em;axmifNyD;aemuf vdauG[Gmu aus;Zl;wifpum; aNymMum;onf/
vdcsrfvlu olodvdk&mudkom qufar;onf/
]]azaz b,fudkxGufoGm;wmvJqdkwm aNymNyygOD; OD;&D;awmf}}
]]at; ... aNymNywmayghuG,f? xdkifMuygOD;}}
344
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdauG[Gmu aNymaNymqdkqdkyif xdkifckHwpfckwGif 0ifxkdifonf/ vdcsrfvlESifh&SD;xifcsdwfwdkYvnf; xdkifckHrsm;wGif
toD;oD;0ifxdkifvdkufMuonf/
]]MunfeefNrdKU olaX;MuD;ukef;pGefcsD&JU tdrfa*[mrSm rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJusif;yaewkef; rD;pGJavmifNyD; ukef;pGefcsDeJY
a>c&Hoif;yif; aemufvdkufi,fom;awGaum rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJ wufa&mufvmMuwJh {nfhonfawmfawGyg
xl;xl;qef;qef; aysmufqkH;oGm;MuwJhtaMumif; armif&ifav;vJ Mum;odNyD;a&maygh}}
vdauG[Gmu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tuJcwfovdkMunhfNyD; pum;ponf/
]][kwfuJh? uRefawmf Mum;NyD;ygNyD}}
]]'Dudpö[m e*g;NzLa*[m&JUvufcsufvdkY odkif;orm;trsm;pku xifaMu;ay;aeMuw,f? usKyfwdkY
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufuawmh bmrSxifaMu;ray;bJ 'Dtwdkif;aecJhygw,f? 'gayr,fh tckawmh trsm;uxifaMu;ay;wmudk
usKyfwdkYuvJ vufcH&awmhrvdk NzpfaeNyD}}
]][if ... bmaMumifhygvJ cifAsm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu vTwfceJar;rdonf/
]]a[m'Dpmudkom zwfMunfhMuygawmhuG,f}}
vdauG[Gmu pdwfysufvufysuf trlt&mNzifh pmwpfapmifxkwfay;onf/
vdcsrv f al &m &S;D xifcsw d yf g NydKifwv
l ufvrS ;f vdu k Mf uonf/ &S;D xifcsw
d of nf pmxJwiG f bmawGa&;xm;onfukd
tvGefodvdkvSaomfvnf; rdrdu{nfhonfNzpfaMumif; awG;rdonfhtwGuf vdcsrfvludk OD;pm;ay;onfhtaeNzifh
vSrf;xm;aom vufudk tomNyef&kyfvdkufonf/
vdcsrfvlu pmudkvSrf;,lNyD; csufcsif;yifzGifhzwfonf/
pmudkzwf&if; rsufESmav; ñdI;i,fvmonf/ rsufvkH;tdrfxJwGifvnf; rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0J,dkpD;usvmonf/
vdcsrfvl\ t&dyftuJudkMunfhaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tvkdvdkyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/
pmxJwGif yg&Sdonfh taMumif;t&mudkvnf; ydkodcsifvmonf/
]]aMomf ... 'gaMumifh azazu tusKd;taMumif; bmrSraNymbJ OD;&D;awmf0rf;ayukeu f kd oGm;zdwaf c:ckid ;f wmud;k }}
pmzwfNyD;aemuf vdcsrfvlu cyfwdk;wdk;av; a&&GwfrSwfcsufcsonf/
]][kwfw,f? wlrav; oGm;zdwfac:awmh 0rf;aywkefu bmrsm;aNymvdkufao;vJ}}
vdauG[Gmu ar;onf/
]]olUudk rawGUcJh&ygbl;? c&D;xGufaew,fvdkY odcJh&ygw,f}}
]]0rf;aywkef[m c&D;xGufavhr&Sdbl;? wlrav;udk wriftawGUrcHwmbJ Nzpf&r,f? 'gqdk olvJ
'DpmrsKd;vufcH&&Sdxm;NyDqdkwm aocsmw,f}}
vdauG[GmESifh vdcsrfvlwdkYESpfa,muf tNyeftvSefaNymqdkaeMuonfrsm;udk em;axmif&if; &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
pmxJwGifbmawG a&;xm;onfudk ydkíodcsifvmonf/
ar;Nref;Munfhvdkaomfvnf; olwyg;udpöwGif yg0ifpGufzuf&m usrnfpkd;í Nidrfae&onf/
]]a&mh ... zwfMunfhygOD;}}
vdcsrfvlu pm&Gufudk &SD;xifcsdwfxH urf;ay;onf/
rd r d o d v d k o nf u d k od & awmh r nf r d k Y &S D ; xif c sd w f o nf vd c srf v l u rf ; ay;aom pm&G u f u d k , l u m
csufcsif;yifzwfMunfhonf/

345
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf ocifMuD; odap&ef

þtrd e f Y vT m &onf h a eYrS p í e*g;NzLa*[m\ trd e f Y ud k woa0rwd r f ;


vdkufem&rnf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ trdefYudk remcHygu wvtwGif; wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk NymykHtxd
NzpfoGm;atmif acsrIef; zsufqD;ypfrnf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufatmufokdYckd0ifum trdefYemcH&ef oabmwlnDygu &Jwdkuf
a&SUrsufESmpmwGif e*g;NzLa*[m\tvHudk vTifhxlxm;&rnf/
tao;pdwftcsufrsm;udk od&Sdvdkygu ,ckpmESifhtwlvdkufvmNyD; ar;Nref;
aqG;aEG;Edkifonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\trdefYudk emcHvkdufemygu MuD;yGm;csrf;omrnf/ rvdkufemygu
ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; MuKHawGU&rnf/

ydkifusifvkH
e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmif

pmay:wGif e*g;NzLa*[m\ txdrf;trSwf wHqdyfudkvnf; &dkufESdyfxm;onf/


þpmudk zwf&I&NyD;aemuf e*g;NzLa*[mtay: odkif;orm;rsm;u rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh rkef;wD;
aeMuonfqdkNcif;udk &SD;xifcsdwfaumif;pGm em;vnfoGm;onf/
Ncdrf;aNcmuftEdkifusifhaomolonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ vlcspfvlcifrsm;Edkifrnf r[kwfovdk xdkuJhokdYaom
vlrsKd;\vkyf&yfrsm;rSmvnf; rnfonfhtcgrS atmifNrifEdkifrnf r[kwfay/
]]'Dvdk Ncdrf;aNcmuftEdkifusifhrIrsKd;[m tqkH;waeYrSm ysufpD;aMuysufoGm;&rSmygyJ? bmrS txifMuD;p&m
r&Sdygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu pm&Gufudk vdauG[GmvufokdY Nyefay;NyD;aemuf rdrd\xifNrifcsufudk aNymonf/
]]armif&ifav;aNymwm [kwfygw,f? 'gayr,fh tckvwfwavm tcsdefrSmawmh e*g;NzLa*[mu tawmfudk
vufapmif;xufaew,f}}
vdauG[Gmu acgif;udktomndwfNyNyD; NyefaNymonf/
]]'Dtwkdif;qdk&if azaz[mvJ e*g;NzLa*[m&JU vufxJudk usa&mufaeNyDayghaemf}}
vdcsrfvlu pdk;&drfwMuD;0ifar;onf/
vdauG[Gmu pdwfroufompGm acgif;ndwfNyNyD; ...
]][kwfw,f wlrav;? 'DvdkyJ ,lq&awmhrSmaygh}}
]]0lwef;*dP
k ;f vdk t"du&tzGUJ MuD;rsKd;awmif e*g;NzLa*[m&JU MoZmcHNzpfaewm? uRefrwdYk wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd tf aeeJY
e*g;NzLa*[mudk b,fvdkvkyf tefwkEdkifrSmvJ OD;&D;awmf&,f}}
vdcsrfvl\toHrSm pdwfysuftm;avsmhrI tNynfh ygaeawmhonf/
]]at; ... 'gaMumifhvJ tpfudkMuD;vda&Smufa0 e*g;NzLa*[m&JU apwrefeJYtwl vdkufygoGm;cJh&wmyJ}}
]]aMomf ... azazu wdrv f mT &Jwukd Mf uD;rSm &Sad ewJv
h al wGtwGuf olUud,
k o
f t
l epfemcHNyD; vdu
k yf goGm;cJwh mud;k }}
vdcsrfvlonf xdkpum;rsm;udk rdrdudk,frdrd aNymovdkcyfwdk;wdk;av; a&&GwfaNymqdkvkdufNcif; Nzpfonf/
xdkokdY aNymqdkaecsdefwGif olr\rsufvkH;tdrfxJwGif rsuf&nfrsm;&pf0Jum aMuuGJ0rf;enf;rI t&dyftoGifrsm;
NynfhvQrf;aeonf/
rsufESmav;rSm &Gmawmhrnfrdk;ES,f Nzpfaeonf/

346
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]bdk;bkd;[m bmaMumifhrsm; 'Davmufawmif udk,fusKd;Munfhae&wmygvdrfh? 'Dvdkukd,fusKd;udk a&SUwef;wifNyD;
wNcm;vlawGtay: tEdik u f sifNh cdr;f aNcmufae&if bd;k bd;k tzdYk b0Zmwford ;f vnf; aumif;rSmr[kwb f ;l ? cufygw,fav?
igbmvkyf&yghrvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif tbdk;Nzpfol ydkifusifvkH\ wudk,faumif;qefqefNzifh okdif;avmuwckvkH;udk
vTrf;rdk;vuf0g;MuD;tkyfvkdaom vkyf&yfaMumifh tawmfyif&Sufaerdawmhonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\vufxo J Ydk usa&mufaernfNzpfaom zcifvad &Smufa0twGuf vdcsrfvrl mS awG;awmylyefum
pdk;&drfaomu a&mufae&onf/
,ckvdk taNctaewGif OD;&D;awmfvdauG[GmrSvGJNyD; tNcm;tm;udk;tm;xm; NyK&rnfhvl[lí &SD;xifcsdwf
wpfa,mufomvQif &Sdonf/
xdkYaMumifh tm;udk;aomtMunfhESifh vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm tawmfyif tae&txdkif& cufaeonf/ ydkifusifvkHESifhywfoufNyD; udk,fhvdyfNym
udk,frvkHaecsdefrSm vdcsrfvlu olrudkulnDay;&ef zGifh[awmif;cHvmrnfudk awG;aMumufrdonf/
tbdk;NzpfolydkifusifvkH\ Ncdrf;aNcmuftEdkifusifhaom vkyf&yfrsm;onf rw&m;aMumif;olodonf/
onfvdkvkyf&yfrsKd;udkvnf; pufqkyf&GH&Smonf/
tu,fí vdcsrfvu l e*g;NzLa*[mudk qefYusifwu kd cf u
kd &f mwGif ulnaD y;&ef awmif;qdv k mvQif olUtaeNzifh
b,fvdkrS Niif;y,fp&m taMumif;r&Sday/
wzufwGifvnf; ydkifusifvkHrSm rdrd\tbdk;Nzpfae&m rdrd\tbdk;udk &efoltNzpf owfrSwfwdkufcdkuf&ef
0efav;aerdonf/
xdYk Nyif tbd;k Nzpfol ydik uf sifvt Hk ay: rnfonft h aMumif;aMumifrh Q NypfrmS ;wduk cf u
dk Nf cif;rNyK&ef rdcifyikd pf u
k siu
f
aoaocsmcsmaNymqdk rSmMum;xm;cJhaom pum;rsm;vnf; &Sdaeao;onf/
xdkYaMumifh vdcsrfvlu tultnD awmif;cHvmNcif;rNyKrD qifa0SU&efa&Smif oabmrsKd;Nzifh pum;vrf;aMumif;
aNymif;vdkuf&onf/
]]MunfeefNrdKUrSm [kdvlESpfa,mufu vdcsrfvludk aESmifh,SufwJhudpö[m olwdkYvufxJrSm a&mufaewJh
q&mMuD;vda&Smufa0udk tusyfudkif zdtm;ay;EdkifzdkYtwGuf Nzpfvdrfhr,fxifw,f}}
vdauG[Gmu acgif;udkqwfceJ ndwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]tif; ... armif&ifav;aNymwm NzpfEdkifygw,f? wlrav;udk trdzrf;NyD; tpfudkMuD;vda&Smufa0udk
tusyfudkifcsifwJh oabmrsKd;eJY MuH&G,fwm NzpfrSmygyJ}}
vdcsrfvl\rsufESmav;rSm ydkndK§ ;i,foGm;onf/ avoHuvnf; azsmhawmhEGrf;vsae\/
]]azazawmh 'ku©NzpfaeNyD xifygw,f&Sif}}
]]tck avmavmq,frSmawmh olwdkYu q&mMuD;vda&Smufa0udk zrf;qD;csifzrf;qD;xm;Edkifayr,fh
tMurf;zuf'ku©ay;OD;r,fvdkYawmh rxifygbl;? olwdkYtcsdefudk apmifhaeEdkifw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu olUtxifudkaNymonf/
]]armif&ifav;u bmaMumifh 'DvdkaNymEdkifwmvJ}}
]]tckqdk&if OD;&D;awmfeJYvdcsrfvlwdkYESpfa,muf wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;u odkif;orm;awGudk qufNyD;xdef;udkif
xm;Ed k i f a o;w,f r [k w f v m;? ol w d k Y u q&mMuD ; vd a &S m uf a 0ud k 'k u © a &muf a tmif vk y f v k d u f r ,f q d k & if
OD;&D;awmfwdkYESpfa,mufu 'Dtwdkif;NidrfaeMurSmwJhvm;}}
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f? azazom wckckNzpfoGm;&if uRefrawmh e*g;NzLa*[meJY taotaMuudk
wdkufcdkufrSmyJ}}
vdcsrfvlu a'gormefpG,fav;Nzifh Mum;0ifum aNymav\/
]][kwfuJh? 'gaMumifh wzufvlawGtaeeJY tckavmavmq,frSm q&mMuD;vda&Smufa0udk tEÅ&m,f
ray;Edkifao;bl;vkdY uRefawmfaNym&Jwmaygh? 'Dawmh vdcsrfvlwdkYtaeeJY wdrfvTm&Jwkdufu odkif;orm;awGudk
pkpnf;OD;aqmifNyD; MuYHMuYHcdkifEdkifr,fqdk&if q&mMuD;vda&Smufa0twGuf taNctae aumif;vmEdkifygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu taNctaeudk&Sif;NyNyD; tMuHaumif;wpfckvnf; ay;vdkufav\/
347
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'gqd k & if &J w d k u f u od k i f ; orm;awG u d k ta&;ay:acgif ; avmif ; wD ; NyD ; pk p nf ; ac:vd k u f r ,f a v?
raumif;bl;vm;}}
vdcsrfvlu vdauG[Gm\ oabmwlnDrIudk awmif;onfhtaeNzifh vSrf;Munfhonf/
]]aumif;om;yJ? wdkYbufu tNrefqkH; tvkyfvkyfEdkifwmaygh}}
vdauG[Gmu acgif;ndwfum oabmwlnDcsuf ay;onf/
]]a'gif a'gif ... a'gif a'gif a'gif}}
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wpfckvkH;udk ta&;ay:acgif;avmif;wD;cwfoHu zkH;vTrf;oGm;onf/
þacgif;avmif;oHonf odkif;avmuMuD;wpfckvkH; vIyf&Sm;vmaprnfh ta&;tcif;MuD; wpfcktwGuf a&SUaNy;
tcsufay;oH[k &SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf &efvdkwdkufcdkufrIrsm;udk vdkvm;olr[kwfay/ odkif;ynmNzifh trsm;aumif;usKd;?
wdkif;Nynfaumif;usKd;udk vkyfaqmifay;vdkonf/ odkif;avmuudkvnf; at;csrf;Nidrfouf apvdkonf/
odkYaomf olYvdk wufopfpodkif;vkvifav; wpfa,muftaeNzifh þta&;tcif;MuD;udk b,fvdkrS
[efYwm;Edkif&ef tpGrf;r&Sday/
]][if; ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf oufNyif;av;av;MuD; wcsufudkom csvdkufrdonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mES i f h wd r f v T m &J w d k u f w d k U tMum; Nzpf a y:vmrnf h w d k u f c k d u f r I w G i f rnf o nf h b uf u
tEdkif&onfNzpfap olUtzdkYpdwfrcsrf;aNrUzG,f&mcsnf; Nzpfonf/
Ncd r f ; aNcmuf t Ed k i f u sif h c H a e&aom wd r f v T m &J w d k u f u d k v nf ; r&I H ; apvk d / tbd k ; Nzpf o l y d k i f u sif v k H \
e*g;NzLa*[mudkvnf; ta&;redrfhapvdk/
,ckudpw ö Gif Ncdrf;aNcmuftEdkifusifhaom e*g;NzLa*[mbufrS trSm;NzpfaMumif; odaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
e*g;NzLa*[mESifh ydkifusifvkHwdkYtay:wGif oHa,mZOf rNywfEdkifcJhay/
vlUobm0onf qef;Mu,fonf/ &dk;om;aNzmifhrSefaom vlrsm;yifvQif aoG;om;ESifhywfoufvmvQif
wcgw&Hü awGa0,drf;,dkif wwfMuayonf/
ta&;ay:tcsufay; acgif;avmif;oHaMumifh wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;onf vufeufrsm;udk,fpD
pGJudkifum {nfhcef;aqmifMuD;okdY pka0;a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
olwdkYonf rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rqdkbJ vdauG[GmESifh vdcsrfvlwdkYudkom pl;pdkufMunfhaeMuonf/
vlpkHoavmuf&Sdaomtcg vdcsrfvlu vdauG[Gmudk wD;wdk;avoHNzifh ...
]]b,fvkd Nzpfysufaew,fqdkwm OD;&D;awmfuyJ &Sif;Nyvkdufyg}}
vd c srf v l o nf rmef w if ; um £aNE´ q nf x m;&aomf v nf ; zcif M uD ; twG u f pd k ; &d r f p d w f a Mumif h
rsuf&nfrsm;rqnfEdkif Nzpfaeonf/
vdcsrfvEl iS hf vdauG[mG wdYk \ rsufEmS &dyrf sufEmS uJ trlt&mrsm;udMk unfNh yD; rdrw d Ykd &w
J u
kd w f iG f wpkwH &mNyóem
Nzpfay:aeNyD[k wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;tenf;tusOf;u &dyfrdMuonf/
xdkUaMumifhvnf; rnfokdYaomowif;pum;awG Mum;&rnfenf;[k apmifhvifhaeMuonf/
vdauG[Gmonf xdkifae&mrSx&yfvkdufum ...
]]nD a emif a &mif ; &if ; taygif ; wk d Y tck v d k t a&;ay: acgif ; avmif ; wD ; NyD ; pk p nf ; ac:,l v d k u f w m[m
nDaemifa&mif;&if;wdkYudk ta&;MuD;wJhudpöwpfckeJY ywfoufNyD; aNymqdkwdkifyifp&m&SdvdkY Nzpfygw,f}}
vd a uG [ G m u wnf N id r f p G m pum;cH v d k u f N yD ; aemuf Nzpf a y:aeaom ta&;ud p ö t aMumif ; pk H u d k
&Sif;vif;aNymNyonf/
wdrv f mT &Jwu kd \
f odik ;f orm;rsm;onf rdrw d Ykdtm;vk;H twGuf "m;pmcHoabmrsK;d tNyKcHomG ;ol &Jwu kd of cifMuD;
vda&Smufa0twGuf rcHr&yfEdkif NzpfvmMuonf/
]]'g ... rw&m;vkyfwm}}
]]ikHYcHraeEdkifbl;}}
]]&efoludk &ifqdkifwdkufckdufr,f}}
348
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdauG[Gm\ pum;tqkH;wGif odkif;orm;rsm;u &J&Jawmufatmf[pfum rdrdwdkY\qE´rsm;udk aNymMuonf/
vdauG[Gmu nmvufudk aNr§mufNyvdkufvQif wa,mufwayguf atmf[pfaNymqdkaeoHrsm; rD;udka&ESifh
owfvdkufovdk &kwfNcnf;yif NidrfoufwdwfqdwfoGm;\/
]]usKyfwYkd&UJ &Jwu kd o
f cifMuD;udk cspNf rwfE;kd Muw,fq&kd if usKyfwYkdtm;vk;H [m pnf;pnf;vk;H vk;H nDnn D w
G nf wG ef YJ
a[m'DwdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufMu&r,f? wzuf&efolawG&JUvufxJudk b,fvdkenf;eJYrS
tusrcH&atmif MudK;pm;Mu&r,f? 'Denf;eJYyJ usKyfwdkYtm;vkH; cspfNrwfEdk;wJh &JwdkufocifMuD;&JU touftEÅ&m,fudk
umuG,fEdkifr,f? &efolu wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk vmwdkufckduf&if usKyfwdkY[m vlwpfa,muf"m;wpfvuf usefwJhtxd
NywfNywfom;om; ckcHwdkufckdufMuzdkY wdkufwGef;csifw,f? NyD;awmh tckvdk ta&;udpMö uKHaewJhtcgrSm usKyfwdkYtwGuf
tm;ud;k &r,fh rdwaf qGaumif;tNzpf &Jwu kd u
f kd a&muf&adS ewJh odik ;f orm;vli,fwpfa,mufeYJ vJ nDaemifa&mif;&if;wdYk ukd
rdwfqufay;csifw,f}}
vdauG[Gmu wqufwnf;yif &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh rdwfqufay;onf/
xd k t csd e f r S m yif tapmif h w m0ef u saeaom od k i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf {nf h c ef ; aqmif x J o k d Y taNy;
0ifa&mufvmonf/

349
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (31)

{nfhcef;aqmifxJ&Sdvlrsm;u tapmifhwm0efus odkif;orm;udk tuJcwfovdk MunfhaeMuonf/


tapmifhwm0efus odkif;orm;onf vdauG[Gmudk t&dktao ay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]{nfhonfwpfa,mufu ocifrav;udk awGUcsifw,fvdkY aNymaeygw,f}}
vdcsrfvlu vdauG[Gmudk vSrf;Munfhonf/
vdauG[Gmu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; ...
]]{nfhonfudk ac:vmcJhyg}}
tapmifhodkif;orm;onf trdefYemcHNyD; tNrefqkH;NyefxGufoGm;onf/
rMumrDrmS yif xdt
k apmifo
h ikd ;f orm;onf toufo;Hk q,fcefY&dS vl&,
G w
f pfa,mufEiS thf wl {nfch ef;aqmifxo J Ydk
Nyef0ifvmonf/
vl&G,fonf vdauG[GmwdkY&Sd&mokdY aNcvSrf;rSefrSefNzifh avQmufvSrf;vm\/
vl&G,f\ trlt&mrSm armufrmNyD; [ef[dwfrsm;vSonf/ rsufESmxm;uvnf; rmeftNynfhESifh wif;aeonf/
{nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif&Sdaeaom vdauG[mwdkYwawGudk xDrxifonfh [efyefrsKd;Nzpfonf/
vdauG[GmwdkYrSm vl&G,f\armufrmrmef0ifhaom trlt&maMumifh a'goaxmif;ceJ NzpfoGm;Muonf/ odkYaomf
tusKd;taMumif; bmrQrod&ao;onfhtwGuf a'gopdwfrsm;udk tomcsKyfwnf;xm;Mu&onf/
vdauG[Gmu vl&G,fudk pdef;pdef;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]bmtaMumif;udpö &SdvdkYvJ}}
]]usKyf[m e*g;NzLa*[m&JU apwrefyJ? usKyfwdkYacgif;aqmif q&mMuD;ydkifusifvkH&JU trdefYeJY wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu
ocifrav;vdcsrfvludk vmawGUwmNzpfw,f}}
350
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzLa*[m\ apwrefvl&G,fu txufpD;avoHESifh aNymonf/
xdkvl&G,f\ armufrmaomtrlt&maMumifh Munfhr&Edkifatmif &SdaeonfhMum;xJwGif e*g;NzLa*[m\
apwrefNzpfaMumif; od&Nyefaomtcg vdcsrfvlrSm ydkíyifa'goNzpfvmonf/
odkYaomf a'gotavsmuf bmrQrvkyfao;bJ pdwfudkcsKyfwnf;xm;NyD; ...
]]vdcsrfvlqdkwm uRefryJ? bmrsm;aNymp&m&SdvJ}}
apwrefvl&G,fonf bmrQraNymbJ tusÐtdwfxJrS pmwapmifukd [efygygxkwf,lum vdcsrfvludkay;onf/
vdcsrfvlu vl&G,fay;aom pmudk,lum tNrefqkH;zGifhzwfonf/
pmudkzwfae&if; rsufESmrSm ododomomMuD;yif ysufvmonf/ pm&Gufudkudkifxm;aom vufrSmvnf;
wqwfqwfwkefaeonf/
]]zwfMunfhygOD; OD;&D;awmf}}
vdcsrfvlonf rodrom wkef,ifaeaom toHav;NzifhaNymum vdauG[GmxHokdY pmudkurf;ay;vdkufonf/
olUtoGifrSm &ifxJwGif cHpm;ae&rIudk ray:vGif&atmif MudK;pm;csKyfwnf;xm;&aMumif; odomaeonf/
vdauG[Gmuvnf; pmudkuref;uwef;,lum zwfMunfhvdkufonf/
rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;onf/
apwrefvl&G,fudk vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]'Dudpöudk tckcsufcsif;awmh taNzray;Edkifao;bl;? usKyfwdkYtcsif;csif; wdkifyifñdIEIdif;NyD;rS NyefMum;Edkifr,f?
'gaMumifh okH;&uftcsdefay;zdkY aNymNyvkdufyg}}
]]aumif;ygNyD? q&mMuD;udk NyeftaMumif;Mum;vdkufyghr,f? 'gqdk usKyfvJNyefr,f? cGifhNyKMuyg}}
apwref EIwfquf*g&0yifrNyKbJ csmceJvSnfhum rmefygyg avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;onf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\ apwref xGufcGmoGm;onfESifh vdcsrfvlrSm tm;wif;umcsKyfwnf;xm;rIudk aNzavQmhcs
vdkufonf/ rsufvkH;tdrfxJrS rsuf&nfrsm;awGawG usqif;vmNyD; idkaMuG;oHw[ifh[ifh xGufvmavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tusKd;taMumif; ar;rnftNyKwGif vdcsrfvlu rsuf&nfNynfhvQrf;aom rsufvkH;rsm;Nzifh
MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]olwdkYu azazhudkzrf;csKyfxm;NyD; uRefrwdkYudk tnHhcHzkdY tusyfudkifaeMuw,f? tnHhrcH&if azazhudk
okwfoifypfr,fvdkYvJ Ncdrf;aNcmufxm;ao;w,f? b,fvkdvkyf&rvJ tpfudk&,f}}
vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwftm; tm;udk;wMuD;Nzifh ]]tpfudk}} [kyif okH;EIef;aNymqdkvdkufonf/
vdcsrfvlu tm;udk;wMuD;Nzifh tultnDawmif;vmonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwf\&ifxJwGif usyfodyfum
txl;yifaMuuGJxdckdufoGm;&onf/
odkif;avmuudk vTrf;rdk;&ef tMuHMuD;MuHaeaom tbdk;NzpfolydkifusifvkHESifh tNcdrf;aNcmufcH? tEdkifusifhcH
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;tMum;wGif ol rvl;omrvGefYomatmif Nzpfaeonf/
tu,fí wzufvo l nf ydik u
f sifvrHk [kwb
f J tNcm;wa,mufa,mufomqdv k Qif vdcsrfvw l Ykd EiS hf vufwu
JG m
pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwfNzifh wdkufyGJ0ifvdkufrnf Nzpfonf/
,ckrl ...
olUtzdkY tqkH;Nzwf&cufaeonf/
acgif;aqmifydkif;u NidrfoufawGa0aeaomfvnf; {nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif pka0;a&muf&SdaeMuaom
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;url vIyfvIyf&G&G NzpfvmMuonf/
e*g;NzLa*[mESifh tMudwfte,fwkdufyGJ0ifrnfh taMumif;udk aMuG;aMumfatmf[pfaeMuonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;\ pdwf"mwfwufMuGaerIrSm tawmfyiftm;&p&mNzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
vda&Smufa0rSm e*g;NzLa*[mvufxJwGif&SdaeNyD; tusyfudkifNcdrf;aNcmufrIvnf; twdtvif;NyKxm;onfhtwGuf
pdwfvkdufrmefyg vkyfívnf;rNzpf/

351
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
taNctaeu tvGefta&;MuD;aeonf/
tenf;i,frQyif twdrf;tapmif;rcH/
trSm;av;wcsufvkyfrdonfESifh vda&Smufa0 toufqkH;&IH;Edkifayonf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wGifvnf;
aoG;acsmif;pD;oGm;Edkifonf/
xdkUaMumifh vdauG[Gmonf wdkufyGJ0if&ef toifhNyifqifxm;Mu&efom aNymqdkrSmMum;NyD; odkif;orm;rsm;udk
vlpkcGJvdkufonf/
odik ;f orm;rsm; xGucf mG oGm;Mu&m {nfch ef;aqmifxw J iG f &S;D xifcsdw?f vdauG[mG ESihf vdcsrfvw l Ykd o;Hk a,mufom
usefaecJhMuonf/
okH;a,mufom; &kwfw&uf pum;rqdkEdkifMu/ tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfoufpGmxdkifaeMuonf/
twefMumrS vdauG[Gmu wdwfqdwfNcif;udk NzdKcGif;vdkufonf/
]]OD;&D;awmfuawmh tMuHwpfck pOf;pm;rdw,f? wlrav; vufcHEdkifrvm;}}
]]b,fvdktMuHvJqdkwm aNymygOD;? OD;&D;awmf}}
vdcsrfvlu avoHwdk;wdk;Nzifh Nyefar;onf/
olr\[efyefrSm tvGefyif pdwfysuftm;avQmhaeonfh toGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
vdauG[Gmuvnf; tMuHudk csufcsif;raNym/ tcsdeftenf;i,frQ pOf;pm;aeao;onf/ rdrd\tMuHtpnfudk
pdwfrcsEdkifbJ csifhcsdefwGufq ae&[efwlonf/
xdkYaemuf avylMuD;wcsufrIwfxkwfum ...
]]ta&;tMuD;qk;H u tpfuMkd uD;vda&Smufa0 wdrv f mT &Jwu kd u
f kd Nyefa&mufvmzkYd y?J 'Dawmh y&d,m,fqifwt hJ aeeJY
e*g;NzLa*[m&JUtrdefUudk emcHwJhoabmrsKd; vkyfvkdufr,f? 'DvkdvkyfNyD; tpfudkMuD;vda&Smufa0 vGwfaNrmufvmatmif
zef w D ; &r,f ? tpf u d k M uD ; vd a &S m uf a 0 wd r f v T m &J w d k u f u d k Nyef a &muf v m&if a wmh tpf u k d M uD ; eJ Y w d k i f y if N yD ;
qufvIyf&Sm;Muwmaygh? b,fvdkoabm&vJ}}
vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tm;udk;wMuD;Nzifh vSrf;MunfhNyefonf/
]]vuf&SdtaNctaerSmawmh 'DtMuH[m toifhavsmfqkH;ygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrd\xifNrifcsufudk aNymonf/
þwGif vdcsrfvluvnf; vdauG[Gm\tMuHudk oabmwlvufcHvkduf&avawmhonf/
]]aumif;NyDav? OD;&D;awmfyJ 'DtpDtpOfudk quftaumiftxnfazmfygawmh}}
þokYd Nzifh wdrv
f mT &Jwu
kd Mf uD;\ rsuEf mS pmtvHwidk w f iG f e*g;NzLa*[m\tvHukd vTiw hf ifum e*g;NzLa*[m\
MoZmcH,laMumif; Nyovdkufonf/
þy&d,m,fqifrIudk txl;vQKdU0Sufxm;&m wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;yif rodMuay/
e*g;NzLa*[mES i f h tMud w f t e,f w d k u f y G J 0 if & ef tm;wif ; Nyif q if x m;Muaom wd r f v T m &J w d k u f \
od k i f ; orm;rsm;onf rd r d w d k Y &J w d k u f a &S U wG i f e*g;NzLtvH u d k vT i f h x l v d k u f o nf u d k awG U &aomtcg
pdwf"mwfusqif;ukefMuonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD; wpfckvkH;rSmvnf; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;avawmhonf/

352
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (32)
okH;&ufNynfhaNrmufaomaeU/ e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY a&muf&SdvmNyefonf/
onfwcgwGifum; wpfOD;wnf;r[kwfawmh/ aemufygvlokH;a,mufvnf; twlyg&Sdvmonf/ olwdkYvlpkonf
wdrvf mT &Jwukd \
f rsuEf mS pmwGif vTix hf xl m;aom e*g;NzLa*[mtvHukd oabmuspmG MunfNh yD; &Jwu kd 0f if;xJoYdk [efygyg
0ifa&mufvmMuonf/ vdauG[Gm? vdcsrfvlESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf e*g;NzLa*[m apwrefwdkYvlpkudk &Jwdkuft0if0rS
c&D;OD;MudKqdkum {nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY ac:vmcJhMuonf/
]]tckvkd qk;H Nzwfcsufukd aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f csEdik cf w
hJ m csD;usL;ygw,f? e*g;NzLa*[m&JU tvHawmfatmufukd
a&mufvmNyDqdkawmh usKyfwdkYtm;vkH;[m rdwfaqG&if;csmawG NzpfukefMuygNyD? cifAsm;wdkYtzdkYvJ a&SUavQmuf
wdk;wufMuD;yGm;zdkYyJ &Sdygawmhw,f}}
{nfhcef;aqmifxJokdYa&mufvQif e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefu auseyfyDwdNzpfpGm aNymonf/
]][kwfuJh? 'Dpum;rsKd;Mum;&wm 0rf;omygw,f? a[m'Docifrav; vdcsrfvlu apwrefMuD;wdkYudk
awmif;qdkwifNyp&mav;awG &Sdaeygw,f? apwrefMuD;wdkY cGifhNyKvdrfhr,f xifygw,f}}
tawGUtMuKH &ifhusufaeaom vdauG[Gmu ysLiSmaomtNyKH;ESifh csKdompGmaNymvdkufonf/
]]aNymEdkifygw,fAsm aNymEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh rdef;uav;vdcsrfvl&JU wifNycsufudk raNymcifrSm
e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif q&mMuD;ykdifusifvkH&JU trdefYpmcRefvTmudk t&ifemcHMuygOD;}}
e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefu [ef[dwftNynfhNzifh NyefaNymonf/
vdcsrfvw l Ykd rmS pdwx
f w
J iG f cHNyif;oGm;Muaomfvnf; &dak oonft h rlt&mrsm;NyKum tomNidraf evdu k Mf uonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefonf teDa&mifydk;MudK;Nzifh &pfywfxm;onfh pm&Gufwpfckudkxkwfum tomNzefYNyD;
toHxGufzwfMum;Nyonf/
353
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmifq&mMuD; ydkifusifvkH trdefY&Sdvdkufonf/ ,aeUrSpí wdrfvTm&Jwdkufonf
e*g;NzLa*[m\ tvHawmfatmufokdY cdkvIH0ifa&mufvmNyDNzpfoNzifh wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ ta&;udpöt00wdkYonf
e*g;NzLa*[m\ pDrHtkyfcsKyfrINzifhom aqmif&GufMu&rnf/ vda&Smufa0udk e*g;NzLa*[m\ *dkPf;cGJrª;tqifhtNzifh
csD;Nr§ifhvdkufNyD;Nzpfonf/ vdauG[GmESifh vdcsrfvlwdkYudkvJ 'kwd,*dkPf;cGJrª;rsm;tNzpf csD;Nr§ifhvdkufonf/ wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
OD;pD;&eftwGuf e*g;NzLa*[m\ tqifhNrifh*dkPf;cGJrª;okH;a,mufudkvnf; apvTwfay;vdkufonf/ vdauG[GmESifh
vdcsrfvlwdkYu wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk xdk*dkPf;cGJrª; okH;a,mufvufodkY tNynfht0 tyfESif;Mu&rnf}}
armufrmvSaom trdefYpmcRefvTmzwfMum;rI tqkH;wGif vdauG[GmyifvQif tHudkrodrom Mudwfrdonf/
]]pdwfr&SdygeJY apwrefMuD;cifAsm;? a[m'D ocifrav;vdcsrfvl&JU awmif;qdkcsufudk em;axmifMunfhygOD;?
'Dawmif;qdkcsufudk vdkufavsmr,fqdk&ifawmh e*g;NzLa*[m&JU trdefYudk usKyfwdkYvdkufemyghr,f}}
vdauG[Gm\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg e*g;NzLa*[mapwrefrSm rsufESmuGufceJ ysufoGm;onf/
]]uJ ... aNym}}
e*g;NzLa*[m apwrefavoHu cyfrmrmESifh aqmifhaqmifhatmifhatmifh/
vdcsrfvluvnf; vdauG[GmwdkYESifh wdkifyifxm;onfhtwdkif; zcifNzpfolvda&Smufa0udk wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY
NyefydkYay;&ef awmif;qdkonf/ apwrefu acgif;wndwfndwfNzifh ...
]]'DtwGuf bmrSpdk;&drfaomu a&mufraeMuygeJY? vda&Smufa0[m usKyfwdkYe*g;NzLa*[m&JY *dkPf;cGJrª;MuD;
wpfa,mufawmif NzpfaeNyDyJ? 'gaMumifhapmapmu trdefYwdkif;om ...}}
apwref\ pum;rqkH;rD vdcsrfvlMum;Nzwfí ...
]]uRefrwdkY taeeJYuawmh azaz'DudkNyefa&mufvmNyD;rS e*g;NzLa*[m&JJU trdefYudkemcHEdkifr,f}}
usm;opfrav;wpfa,mufvdk rdrd\qE´udk Nywfom;pGmaNymvdkufonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefrSm &kwfw&ufbmNyefaNym&rnfudk rodawmhatmifNzpfoGm;onf/
]]ocifMuD; rawGU&&if b,folYudkrS usKyfwdkY&JU &JwdkufxJ t0ifrcHEdkifbl;}}
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f}}
teD;wGif&SdaeMuonfh wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;tcsKdUuvnf; atmf[pfaNymqdkMuonf/ xdkYNyif
vufeufrsm;udkvnf; udk,fpDqGJxkwfvdkufMuao;onf/
apwrefESifholYvlokH;a,mufwdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,muf MunfhvdkufMuonf/
taNctaerSm olwdkYarQmfvifhovdk r[kwfawmh/ b,fvdkrS xifrSwfrxm;aom taNctersKd;ESifh
&ifqdkifaeMu&avNyD/
tMurf;zufum &ifqdkifwdkufckdufrnfqkdygu onfae&mwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;u
vltiftm;rsm;Nym;aeonf/ e*g;NzLa*[m\ apwrefwdkYvlpktzdkY tEdkif&p&m taMumif;r&Sd/
vdkufavsm tavQmhay;&rnfqdkyguvnf; olwdkYtzdkYodu©musp&m NzpfaeNyefonf/
rnfoYdk NyKvky&f rnfrod Nzpfaecsdew f iG f apwrefMuD;touf&LS aumif;ap&ef zefw;D vku d o f l wpfa,muf&o dS nf/
xd k o l u m; apwref M uD ; ES i f h t wl y gvmaom *d k P f ; cG J r ª ; ok H ; a,muf t euf r S 0wf p k H N zL0wf x m;aom
odkif;orm;MuD;yifwnf;/
]][dwf ... [kdaumifav;? 'DudkcPvmprf;}}
0wfpNHk zL0wfoidk ;f orm;MuD;u &S;D xifcsdwu f kd vufnKd§ ;nTeu
f m rmrmxefxefav; ac:vdu k of nf/ olUpdwx f üJ
...
]]vdcsrfvlab;em;rSm &yfaewJh vli,f[m wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu taptyg;wpfa,muf Nzpf&ifNzpf 'grSr[kwf
vdcsrfvleJY odkif;ynmtwl oifbufwpfa,mufNzpfvdrfhr,f? vdcsrfvl&JUodkif;ynmu ighxuftrsm;MuD;edrfhw,f?
'Dvli,f[m vdcsrfvleJY odkif;ynmtwloifbuf NzpfOD;awmh ightaeeJYrIp&mrvdkbl;? 'Daumifav;udk &efpNyD;tNywf
tEdkif,lNyvdkuf&if igwdkYtpGrf;udk rsufNrifNzpfNyD; usefwJhvlawGvJ tvdkvdk&SdefukefMur,f}}
[laom pdwful;Nzifh tarmufaxmifNyvdkufonfh oabmyifNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif {nfhonfwpfa,mufomNzpfaomaMumifh ,ck&ifqdkifae&onfh
udpöt00wGif vdcsrfvlwdkYaNymqdkaeonfrsm;udk bmrQ0ifa&muf rpGufzufbJ tem;wGifNidrfí &yfaecJhonf/
354
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odkYaomf e*g;NzLa*[mapwrefwdkYvlpk\ NyKrlvkyfaqmifykHrsm;udkum; tawmfyifcHNyif;aeonf/
tbd;k Nzpfou l rsufEmS udak xmufxm;p&m &Sad omaMumifo
h m cHNyif;pdwu
f kd rsKdoyd cf sKyfwnf;xm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
þvkdtaNctaersKd;wGif 0wfpkHNzL0wfokdif;orm;MuD;u txufpD;avoHNzifh cyfrmrmvSrf;cJvdkufaomtcg
&SD;xifcsdwf\a'gopdwfrsm; axmif;ceJ xvmonf/
]]bmvJ bmudpö&SdvdkYvJ}}
a&SUodkYqyfceJwufvSrf;vmNyD; cyfqwfqwf Nyefar;vdkufavonf/
]]rif;u avoHw,frmygvm;? ighudk bmrsm;rSwfaevdkYvJ}}
&ef&Smvdkaeaom 0wfpkHNzL0wfokdif;orm;MuD;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk wrifyifESdrfcsum ar;onf/
]]avvkH;xGm;oavmuf bmrStpGrf;tpr&SdwJh vlMuD;wpfa,mufvkdYyJ rSwf&rSmayghAs}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ tcsufususaNymvkdufaom pum;aMumifh 0wfpkHNzL0wfokdif;orm;MuD;rSm tMuD;tus,f
a'goxGufoGm;onf/
]]awmuf ... rif;ursm; ighudk 'DvdkaNym&ovm;? aoayawmh}}
aNymaNymqdkqdk 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;u &SD;xifcsdwfudkvuf0g;ESifh vSrf;&dkufonf/
]]0SD;}}
twGif;tm;tNynfhygaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufrSm tm;Nyif;vSonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;a&SUarSmufwGif rdrd\tpGrf;tpudk xkwfNyaNcmufvSefY&ef pdwful;
xm;onfhtwGuf 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;u tm;NynfhtifNynfhokH;um &dkufxkwfvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
apwrefESifh usef*dkPf;cGJrª;ESpfa,mufwdkY\ pdwfxJwGif onfvuf0g;&dkufcsufNzifh wzufrSvli,fav;udk
tNywfvJusoGm;atmif vkyfEdkifrnf[k tydkifwGufrdMuonf/
vdcsrfvlyifvQif pdwfxJwGifxdwfceJ NzpfoGm;rdonf/
]][m ... 'ku©ygyJ}}
vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf pkd;&drfpdwfNzifh vTwfceJatmfvdkufrdonf/
vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;u &dyfceJ&dyfceJ vsifNrefpGmay:vmonf/
rnfolu bmvkyfvdkufí bmawGNzpfukefNyDqdkNcif;udkyif uGJuGJNym;Nym; rodEdkifawmh/
oGufvufNrefqefvSaom vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf wcPtwGif;rSmyif &yfwefYoGm;onf/
xdktcgwGifrS wdkufyGJtaNctaeudk tm;vkH;awGUEdkifNrifEdkif awmhonf/
]][m ...}}
]][if ...}}
]]tvkd ...}}
e*g;NzLa*[mapwrefESifh *dkPf;cGJrª;ESpfa,mufwdkY\ EIwfzsm;rS wthHwMoa&&GwfoHrsm; ay:vmMuonf/
taNctaeu olwdkYxifxm;ovdk r[kwfaomaMumifh tvGefyiftHhMooGm;Muukef\/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;\ Nyif;xeftm;NynfhvSaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk rnfokdYrQ
xda&mufatmif tEÅ&m,frNyKEdkif/
0wf p k H N zLod k i f ; orm;MuD ; \ nmvuf a umuf 0 wf o mvQif &S D ; xif c sd w f \ vuf x J w G i f trd t &
qkyfzrf;Ncif;cHxm;&onf/
wzufvludk tydkiftEdkifwdkufcdkufvdkuf&mwGif rdrd\wdkufcsufonf bmrQt&mra&mufbJ rdrdomvQif
wzufvl\ qkyfzrf;xm;Ncif;udk cH&onfhtwGuf 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;rSm tHhMoxdwfvefYrdovdk tvGefvnf;
&SufoGm;&onf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;onf qkyfzrf;Ncif;cHxm;&aom rdrd\nmvufaumuf0wfudk tvGwfNyef&kef;xGuf&ef
MudK;yrf;onf/
rnfrQtm;pdkufonfNzpfap vGwfatmifum;&kef;rxGufEdkif/
e*g;NzLa*[mapwrefESifh aemufyg*dkPf;cGJrª;ESpfa,mufrSmvnf; rdrdwdkYarQmfvifhxm;ovdk NzpfrvmbJ
rdrdwdkYvlyift&SufwuGJ ta&;edrfhaeonfhtwGuf rsufESmysufum tHhMowkefvIyfaeMuonf/
355
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
t&SufMuD;&Sufaeaom 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;onf qkyfzrf;Ncif;cHxm;&aom nmvufaumuf0wfudk
b,f v d k r S & k e f ; xG u f í r&Ed k i f a wmh o nf h t qk H ; wG i f &S u f & rf ; &rf ; onf h t aeNzif h &S D ; xif c sd w f t m;nmaNcNzif h
Nzwfuefvdkufonf/
tvpfzrf;um vQyfwNyufwdkufppfqifvkdufonfh oabmrsKd;yif/
odkY&mwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tidkufrdNcif;r&Sday/
rd r d \ cg;ud k tomauG ; nG w f a y;NyD ; aemuf qk y f z rf ; rd x m;aom 0wf p k H N zL0wf o d k i f ; orm;\
nmvufaumuf0wfudk twGif;tm;okH;um zdnp§ fvdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;\ tvpfzrf;wdkufcdkufrIrSm tv[óNzpfoGm;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfudk xdatmif ruefEdkif/
&S;D xifcsw
d \ f twGi;f tm;Nznfo h ;Hk um n§pv f u kd rf aI Mumifh 0wfpNHk zLodik ;f orm;\ nmvufaumuf0wf&;kd rSm usK;d vkrwwf
emusifoGm;&onf/
]]tm; ... trav;}}
b,fvdkrSawmifhrcHEdkifbJ yg;pyfrSyif atmf[pfum nnf;vdkufrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;\ nmvufudkwcsufvdrfNyD; qwfceJwGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;rSm ',D;',dkifESifh vGifhxGufum {nfhcef;aqmifMurf;Nyifay:wGif zifxdkifvsuf
vJusoGm;onf/
]][if ... rif; ... rif; b,folvJ}}
r&IrvScHvkduf&aom 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;u &SD;xifcsdwftm; rsufvkH;NyL;Munfhum ar;onf/
]]usKyf 'D&Jwdkufu oefY&Sif;a&;tvkyform;wpfa,mufygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdudk,frdrd ESdrfhcsumNyefaNzonf/
xdktaNzonf wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ *kPfodu©mudk`rSifhwifay;&m a&mufoGm;onfhtwGuf wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS
odkif;orm;taygif;u &SD;xifcsdwftay: av;pm;aus;Zl;wifoGm;Muonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m\apwref rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/
oef Y & S i f ; a&;tvk y f o rm;av; wpf a ,muf u yif þrQavmuf o d k i f ; ynm tpG r f ; xuf N ruf a evQif
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;\ odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfrSm tHhrcef;avmufatmif &Sdrnf[lívnf; awG;vkdufrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ &dk;&dk;ukyfukyfESifhaecJhaom trlt&maMumifh e*g;NzLa*[m\apwreftzdkY wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS
oefY&Sif;a&;tvkyform;wpfa,mufom NzpfonfqdkNcif;udk ,kH&awmhrvdkvdk &SdaecJhonf/
odik ;f avmutawGUtMuKH &ifu h sufaeaom vdauG[mG onf rdrw d Ykd twGuf ay:aygufvmaom tcGiahf umif;ukd
vufrvGwfwrf; tokH;csum 0ifa&mufpum;qdkvmonf/
]]apwrefMuD; ... usKyfwdkYwdrfvTm&Jwdkuf[m vuf&kH;&nfudkrokH;yJ twwfEdkifqkH; at;at;csrf;csrf;
aNz&Sif;vkdygw,f? 'gaMumihfvJ apwrefMuD;wdkY taMumif;Mum;pm ay;ydkYawmh usKyfwdkY&JwdkufocifMuD;[m
at;at;aq;aq;eJY vdkufygcJhw,fr[kwfvm;? at;at;csrf;csrf; aNymqdkaNz&Sif;vkdY r&EdkifbJ wdkuf&cdkuf&r,fh
taNctaersKd; Nzpfvm&ifvJ usKyfwdkYu&ifqdkifzdkY toifh&Sdygw,f}}
rdrdwdkYxifrxm;aom udpörsm;NzpfyGm;NyD; taNctaerSm&IyfaxG;ukefaomaMumifh e*g;NzLa*[mapwrefrSm
&kwfw&ufbmvkyfí bmaNym&rSef;rodatmif Nzpfaeayonf/
vd a uG [ G m \pum;ud k wk H Y Nyef a Nymqd k & ef tcuf a wG U aecsd e f w G i f 0wf p k H N zLod k i f ; orm;MuD ; onf
zifxdkifvsufvJusae&mrS x&yfvdkufNyD; ...
]]apmapmu usKyfcHvdkuf&wm 'Daumifav; tpGrf;&SdvGef;vdkY r[kwfygbl; apwrefMuD;&JU? usKyfuolUudk
txifao;NyD; ayghqcJhrdvdkYyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu Mum;0ifum ...
]]'gqdk&ifvJ cifAsm;eJYusKyf wyGJavmuf ,SOfMunfhMu&atmifvm;}}
]]rif;u wpfa,mufcsif; ,SOf&JvdkYvm;}}
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD;ar;onf/

356
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olonf pdwfxm;aumufuspfolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ pdwfxm;aumufuspfolwdkY\ ADZtwdkif;
wzufom;udkvnf; tvGefyifoHo,rsm;onf/ rdrdudkwzufrSm vltiftm;ESifh 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufvmrnfudk
MudKwifumuG,fonfhtaeNzifh ,ckvdkar;vdkufNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]wpfa,mufcsif;yJ ,SOfrSmayghAs? wdrfvTm&JwdkufrSm vltiftm;eJY0dkif;NyD; tEdkifusifhwdkufcdkufwJh tpOftvm
r&Sdygbl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu cyfat;at;yif NyefaNymonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;\ &ifxJwGif aEG;ceJvIyf&Sm;oGm;Muonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdwdkY&Jwdkuf\
*kPfoa&udk xyfrH`rSifhwifvdkufNyefNyD r[kwfygvm;/
]]wpfa,mufcsif;r,SOfbJ vltiftm;eJY0dkif;wdkufckdufwm ol&JabmaMumifwJh vlawGtvkyfyJ}}
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;wpfa,mufu pum;cyfMurf;Murf;Nzifh 0ifa&mufaNymqdk axmufcHvkdufonf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;onf bmrQraNymawmhbJ &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&modkY avQmufvSrf;vmonf/
&S;D xifcsdwEf iS hf 0wfpNHk zLodik ;f orm;wdYk onf wpfa,mufEiS w hf pfa,muf vufwurf;tuGmwGif &yfaeMuonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm taotaMucGyfMuawmhrnfh wdkufMuufzMuD;ESpfaumif\ toGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
olwYkdEpS af ,muf &ifqikd w f u kd cf u
dk rf nfyh o
JG nf wdrvf mT &Jwu kd tf zdYk tvGet f a&;MuD;onfh yGMJ uD;yGaJ umif;Nzpfonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ trnfESifh*kPfodu©monf þwdkufyGJ tEdkift&IH;ay:wGif rlwnfae\/
ESpfa,mufom;onf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf tuJcwfum MunfhaeMuonf/ udk,fxdvufa&muf
wdkufcdkufonhfwdkufyGJ rpwifao;aomfvnf; pdwf"mwfcsif;um; tm;NyKdifaeMuNyD/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk ywfcsmvnfvSnfhywfum tydkifwdkufckdufEdkifrnfh tuGufaumif;udk
&SmazGaeonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf udk,fudktenf;i,f apmif;vkdufiJhvkduf vkyfonfrSvGJí odyfrvIyf&Sm;/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm; pwifvIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufonfESifh rdrd&&wefNyef wdkufcdkufEdkif&efom pdwftm&kHudkpkpnf;í
toifhNyifxm;onf/
tcsdeftawmfMumoGm;onf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;onf pdwfr&SnfEdkifawmh[efNzifh vSpfceJa&SUodkYvSrf;wufum &SD;xifcsdwfudk vufoD;Nzifh
qwfceJxdk;xnfhvdkufonf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm; pwifwdkufcdkufonfqdkonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; &kwfNcnf;yif aNcaxmufNzifh
Nzwfuefuefum wefNyefonf/
e*g;NzLrmef a pmif ; od k i f ; uG u f u d k o k H ; um wd k u f c k d u f v d k u f o nf h aNcuef c suf o nf tuG u f u sum
tm;tifNyif;xefvSonf/
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;onf uref;uwef;yif vufoD;xdk;csufudk &kyfodrf;NyD; aemufokdYqkwfay;vkdufonf/
vuf o D ; xd k ; csuf \ tm;xuf aNcuef c suf \ tm;u yd k r d k o mvG e f N yif ; xef N rJ N zpf o nf / tu,f í
okdif;ynmpGrf;&nftqifh rsm;pGmomvGefNcif;r&SdvQif vufoD;xdk;csufonf aNcuefcsufudk rnfokdYrQ&ifqdkifEdkifrnf
r[kwfay/ qdkifrdygu vufoD;Nzifhxdk;ol txdemrnfrvGJay/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif tawG;rsm; vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
]][if ... 'Dvl&JUodkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;[efawGu e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmvJ r[kwfygvm;? w,fqef;wmyJ}}
0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;onf e*g;NzLa*[mrS *dkPf;cGJrª;wpfa,mufNzpfvsufESifh ol\odkif;ynmrSm e*g;NzL
u0draemodkif;ynm r[kwfonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY tawG;vIyf&Sm;um tpOf;pm;&cufaeonf/
odyfrsm;rsm;pm;pm;awmh awG;awmaecsdefr&/
0wfpNHk zLodik ;f orm;MuD;u w&Murf;yif wdu k pf pfxyfrq H ifvmaomaMumifh &S;D xifcsdwo f nf tawG;udNk zwfum
uref;uwef;yif NyefvnfckcHwdkufckduf &avawmhonf/
xdkokdYwdkufckduf&if; wzufvl\ odkif;uGufokdif;[efudkvnf; rsufNcnfrNywf pl;prf;tuJcwfMunfhonf/
aemufxyfodkif;uGufokH;uGuf xyfrH&ifqdkifwdkufckdufNyD;aomtcgwGif 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;\ odkif;uGuf
odkif;[efvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;onf &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmESifh wloa,mif&Sdaomfvnf; wu,f
pifppfrl e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynm r[kwfaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf xif&Sm;pGm odNrifoGm;cJhonf/
357
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkokdY odvdkufonfhtwGuf wdkufcdkufae&mrS aemufokdYaNcvSrf;ig;vSrf;qkwfay;NyD; atmf[pfaNymqdk
vkdufawmhonf/
]][dwv f l ... cifAsm;wdYk [m e*g;NzLa*[mu odik ;f orm;awGr[kwbf ;l ? e*g;NzLa*[m emrnfuo kd ;Hk NyD; vdrn
f m
aeMuwJhvlawGyJ}}
þpum;wcGef;onf Mum;&oltaygif;\pdwfudk txl;yifvIyf&Sm;oGm;apcJhonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm; tHhMoukefMuovdk e*g;NzLa*[m\ apwrefqdkolESifh aemufygrsm;rSmvnf;
yg;pyfta[mif;om; NzpfukefMuonf/
acwårQNidrfoufwdwfqdwf oGm;NyD;aemuf 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;u EIwfcrf;axmifhav;wGefY&kHrQ
rxDw&DNyKH;vdkufum ...
]][if; [if; [if; tHhMoavmufwJh ar;cGef;ygyJ? rif;udkvJ NyefaNym&OD;r,f? rif;[mvJ wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu
r[kwfygbl;}}
]]'gu cifAsm;tvkyfr[kwfygbl;? usKyfaNymwm [kwfr[kwfudkom aNzprf;yg}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu at;pufaomtoHESifh aNymvkdufaomfvnf; pdwfxJwGifum; tawmfuav; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;
Nzpfaeonf/
tpydkif;wGif þvlpkonf e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;Nzpfrnf[kxifum tqkH;Nzwf& cufaecJhonf/
tawmfyif tusOf;tusyfNzpfae&onf/
tbdk;Nzpfol ydkifusifvkHtwGuf &Sufpdwf0ifum taecufcJh&onf/
,ckrl þvlpo k nf e*g;NzLa*[mrS odik ;f orm;rsm; r[kwMf ubJ ta,mifaqmiform;rsm;om NzpfMuaMumif;
xif&Sm;pGmodvm&NyDrdkY wkHYqdkif;awGa0aep&m taMumif;r&Sdawmh/
NywfNywfom;om; &ifqdkifwdkufckduf&efom &Sdawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu wdkufckdufrIudk &yfvdkufaomfvnf; wdkufyGJ\tEdkift&IH; taNctaeudkum; tqifhNrifh
okdif;orm;rsm;tzdkY xif&Sm;odomcJhNyDNzpfonf/
tu,fí aemufxyfqufvufwdkufckdufvQif 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;rSm &SD;xifcsdwf\vufatmufwGif
r&IrvSta&;&IH;edrfh&awmhrnf rvGJay/
]]usKyfaNymwm [kwf r[kwfaNzav? pum;udk a0hvnfaMumifywf vkyfraeygeJY}}
wzufrS NyefvnfaNz&Sif;Ncif; rNyKonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfu 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;MuD;udk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD;
ar;vdkufNyefonf/
xdktar;pum;rsm;onf wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;udk pdwf"mwfwufMuGaponf/ &SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh
e*g;NzLa*[m\ apwrefqdkolESifh aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;udk Nywfom;pGm tEdkif,lEdkifNyDNzpfaMumif; olwdkY&Sif;vif;pGm
odvkdufMu&NyD r[kwfygvm;/
]][dwf aNymvkdufav? NrefNrefaNymvdkuf}}
]]bm tckrSEIwfydwfNyD; aMumufaeMuwmvJ}}
]]tvum; vlvdrfvlnmawG}}
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;u wa,mufwayguf 0dkif;0ef;atmf[pf aNymqdkMuonf/
]][dwfvlawG? cifAsm;wdkYu e*g;NzLa*[mudk tefwk0HhMuvdkYvm;? tm;vkH;'ku©a&mufoGm;r,f? bmrSwfovJ}}
taNctaer[efaMumif; &dyfrdoGm;onfhtwGuf e*g;NzLa*[m\apwrefu Mum;0ifum avoHrmrmESifh
aNymqdkonf/
[efukd,hfzkdqdkouJhokdY [ef[dwfxkwfum Ncdrf;aNcmuf&ef MuH&G,fNcif;Nzpfonf/
]]r[kwfwmawG xyfaNymraeeJY? cifAsm;wdkY[m e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;ynmudk rwwfMubl;? 'Dawmh
e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awG vkH;0rNzpfEdkifbl;qdkwm usKyf odNyD;ygNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu apwrefvl&G,fudk ydkifEdkifat;aq;onfh trlt&mNzifhaNymonf/

358
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'Daumifav;&Sdaewm tcufyJ? olu b,folvJ? bmaMumifh e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;udk aumif;aumif;MuD;
odae&wmvJ? olu e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;wpfa,mufvm;? 'gqdk&if b,fvdkvkyfNyD; wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
a&mufae&wmvJ}}
e*g;NzLa*[mapwref\ pdwfxJwGif trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmum tm&kH&IyfaxG;aeonf/
xdktcsdefwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfvmMuum apwrefwdkYvlpkudk
0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufMuawmhrnfh toGifrsKd;yif NyKvmMuonf/
]]'Dr,f vdauG[Gm? cifAsm;wdkY&JU &JwdkufocifMuD; vda&Smufa0 usKyfwdkY vufxJa&mufaew,fqdkwmudk
owdxm;ygOD;}}
e*g;NzLa*[m apwrefqdkolu rEdkif Edkif&mNzifh vSnfhudkifNyefonf/
vdauG[Gm bmrQNyefraNym/
apmapmu wdkufawmhckdufawmhrnfhtoGif vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfaeMuaom wdrfvTm&Jwdkufodkif;orm;rsm;rSm
tenf;i,fNidrfoGm;Muonf/
]]uJ ... uJ ... usKyfwdkY&JUtrdefYudk emcHr,f remcHbl;qdkwmudk NywfNywfom;om; aNymygAsm}}
e*g;NzLa*[m apwrefqdkolu tcGifhaumif;,lum xyfrHaNymqdkar;Nref;Nyefonf/
]]uRefr&JU azaz a[m'DwdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk Nyefa&mufvmrS 'DudpöeJYywfoufNyD; taNzay;zkdY pOf;pm;r,f?
'gyJ}}
vdcsrfvlu Mum;0ifum Nywfom;pGmtaNzay;onf/
NidrfovdkvdkNzpfoGm;Muaom wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\odkif;orm;rsm;rSmvnf; Nyefvnfí vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;
NzpfvmMuNyefonf/
,ckvdk taNctaewGif ZGwfwdk;vkyfrdvQif rdrdwdkYtwGuf tusKd;tNrwf&zdkYxuf tusKd;rJhzdkYu ydkrsm;aMumif;udk
apwrefem;vnfonf/
rdrdwdkY\vQKdU0Sufcsufudk bmr[kwfonfh odkif;orm;vli,fav;wpfa,mufu tcsufusus xkwfazmf
od&SdoGm;aomaMumifhvnf; tydkiftEdkif pDpOfxm;rIrsm; xifxm;onfhtwdkif; rvkyfEdkifawmhbJ tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmf
Nzpfukef&NyD/
qufvufvkyfaqmifaeygu tusKd;rxl;awmhonfh twlwl xdk;rnfhqifaemufwvSrf;qkwf qdkbdouJhodkY
y&d,m,fqifvkyfaqmif&ef apwrefqdkolu qkH;Nzwfvkdufonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... cifAsm;wdkYaNymwm usKyfwdkYq&mMuD;udk NyefaNymvdkufr,f? cifAsm;wdkYawG aumif;aumif;om
owdxm;aeMuayawmh}}
apwrefonf olYvlokH;a,mufudk ac:aqmifum wdrfvTm&JwkdufrS xGufcGmoGm;Muavawmhonf/
]]'DvlawG[m e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awG r[kwfbl;qdkwm wu,fyJvm;tpfudk}}
xdkvlpk xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk ar;onf/
]][kwfw,f? olwdkY[m e*g;NzLa*[mu odkif;orm;awG r[kwfMubl;? tif; ... 'gayr,fh q&mMuD;
vda&Smufa0uawmh olwdkYvufxJrSm &Sdaevdrfhr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefaNzonf/
]]olwYkd[m e*g;NzLu0draemodik ;f ynmudk rwwfMuwJt h wGuaf Mumifh armif&ifav;u tckvakd umufcsucf swm
r[kwfvm;}}
vdauG[Gmu Mum;0ifar;vmonf/
]][kwfygw,f}}
]]e*g;NzLa*[mu wNcm;odkif;tzGJUtpnf;awGudk enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY olUMoZmcHNzpfatmif odrf;oGif;aewmudk
armif&ifav;vJodygw,f? 'DvlawG[m e*g;NzLa*[m&JU todrf;oGif;udk cHxm;&wJh wNcm;*dkPf;u vlawGaum
rNzpfEikd b
f ;l vm;? olwYkd [m e*g;NzLa*[m&JU MoZmudck NH yD; vkyaf qmifae&wmrdYk olwYkd uvkd J e*g;NzLa*[mu odik ;f orm;
awG&,fvdkY owfrSwf&ifaum r&bl;vm;}}

359
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]tif; ... OD;&D;awmfaNymwm NzpfEdkifygw,f? 'gayr,fh tckvdkta&;MuD;wJhudpörsKd;rSm e*g;NzLa*[m&JU
vuf&if;yifrodkif;orm;awGudkyJ wm0efay;apvTwfr,fvdkY uRefawmfxifw,f}}
]]b,fvkdyJ NzpfNzpfayghav? 'DvlawGu usKyfwdkY&JU&efolawGygyJ? olwdkYu 'DavmufeJYvufavQmhoGm;MuOD;rSm
r[kwfbl;? wenf;r[kwfwenf; qufNyD; vIyf&Sm;vmMuOD;rSmyJ? 'DudpöawGtwGuf acgif;at;at;xm;NyD;
pOf;pm;MuzdkYvkdw,f}}
vdauG[Gmonf þokdYaNymMum;NyD;aemuf tapmifhwm0efrsm;udk ydkrdkcGJa0csxm;um {nfhcef;aqmifxJ&Sd
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ okdif;orm;rsm;udk vlpkcGJvdkufonf/
xdkYNyif vdcsrfvludkvnf; rsuf&dyfNyum tomac:aqmifoGm;onf/
olwdkY wl0&D;tcsif;csif; twGif;udpörsm; wdkifyifvdk[ef&SdaMumif; &dyfrdaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf;
tomyif a&SmifxGufvmcJhavonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ vQKdU0SufoD;oefYcef;xJwGif vdauG[GmESifh vdcsrfvlwdkYESpfa,muf rsufESmcsif;qdkifxdkifum
wD;wdk;aNymqdk wkdifyifaeMuonf/
]]&SD;xifcsdwfudk igawmh enf;enf;oHo, Nzpfaerdw,f}}
vdauG[Gmu olUtxifESifhtNrifudk aNymonf/
]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ OD;&D;awmf? ol uRefrwdkYtay:rSm raumif;MuHcsifwJhpdwf &Sdr,fvdkYawmh uRefrxifawmif
rxifrdygbl;}}
]]bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh ol[m e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmudk aumif;aumif;wwfaNrmufxm;vdkYbJ? 'Dawmh
e*g;NzLa*[meJY wenf;r[kwfwenf; qufEG,fywfoufrI &Sdr,fqdkwm xif&Sm;aew,f}}
]]OD;&D;awmf aNymwmuawmh obm0usygw,f? 'gayr,fh uRefruawmh olUudk,kHw,f}}
]]tcktaNctae[m "m;oGm;ay:rSm vrf;avQmufae&ovdk odyfudkta&;MuD;NyD; tEÅ&m,frsm;wm ighwlrvnf;
todyg? tawG;wcsufrSm;oGm;wmeJY aumif;aumif;'ku©a&mufEdkifw,f qdkwmudkvnf; arhrxm;eJYOD;}}
]]cufawmhwmyJ OD;&D;awmf&,f}}
vdcsrfvlrSm ql;Mum;rSbl;cg;yrm tvGefyif tusOf;tusyfNzpfae&Smonf/
rdrd\ t&SufESifhtoufudk umuG,fulnDay;cJhol &SD;xifcsdwfudk aus;Zl;&Sif wpfa,muftNzpf olrSwf,l
xm;onf/ &kd;om;aNzmifhrwfol wpfa,muf[kvnf; ,kHMunfonf/
wzufwGifvnf; vdauG[GmaNymMum;onfh taMumif;Nycsufrsm;u tusKd;taMumif; qDavsmfaeonf/
vdcsrfvlonf oufNyif;armudkusdwfí csvdkufrd&Smonf/
]]ighwlrav;tzdkY tawmfhudk tqkH;Nzwf& cufaer,fqdkwm odygw,f? tckudp[ ö m tpfudkMuD;vda&Smufa0&JU
aoa&;&Sifa&;wifrubl;? wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;&JU tem*wfta&;eJYyg ywfoufaew,f? t&m&mrSm owd&Sd&Sd
aphaphpyfpyfvkyfEdkifrS awmfumusr,f? olpdrf;wa,mufudk tppt&m&mykHNyD; pdwfcs,kHMunfvdkufwmrsKd; r&Sdoihfbl;}}
]]uRefrwdkY b,fvdkvkyfMu&if aumif;rvJ? OD;&D;awmfrSm tMuHaumif;ÓPfaumif;awGrsm; &Sd&if aNymNyygOD;}}
]]&SD;xifcsdwfudk e*g;NzLa*[m&JU olvQKdwpfa,muf&,fvdkYawmh ightaeeJY tNywfraNymEdkifygbl;? trSeftwkdif;
aNym&&if igudk,fwdkifuvJ q,fykHrSm&SpfykHavmuf olUtay:,kHMunfrI &Sdygw,f? 'gayr,fh vkH;vkH;ykHNyD; r,kHcsifbl;?
NyD;awmh tcktcsdefrSm taNctaeu enf;enf;av;rS wdrf;apmif;vdkY &Edkifwmr[kwfbl;? &SD;xifcsdwf[m igwdkY
xifxm;ovdk &dk;om;NzLpifNyD; igwdkYtay:vJ apwemaumif;wJh vlNzpf&ifawmf&JU? 'DvdkrS r[kwfbJ ydyd&d&d ta,mif
aqmifxm;wJh olvQKdwpfa,mufNzpfae&if olcdk;"m;&dk;urf;rdovdk b0rsKd; a&mufEdkifw,f? 'Dawmh ...}}
vdauG[Gmonf pum;udk acwå&yfvkdufonf/ olUtpDtpOfudk xkwfaNymoifh roifh vdcsrfvludk
pl;pdkufMunfhonf/
NyD;rS qufvufí ...
]]tck vwfwavmrSm &SD;xifcsdwfudk tus,fcsKyfoabmrsKd; zrf;csKyfxm;vdkuf&if aumif;r,fxifw,f?
wu,fvdkY ol[m &dk;om;NzLpifwJh vlwpfa,mufNzpf&ifvJ udpaö wG NyD;Nywf&Sif;vif;oGm;rS tusKd;taMumif;aNymNyNyD;
olauseyfatmif awmif;yefvdkufMuwmaygh? iguawmh 'DtpDtpOf taumif;qkH;yJvdkY xifw,f? ighwlrrSm 'Dxuf
aumif;wJhtMuH &Sdw,fqdk&ifvnf; aNymaygh}}
360
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vd c srf v l t zd k Y xd k x uf a umif ; onf h t MuH u d k pOf ; pm;r&Ed k i f a y/ xd k Y a Mumif h vd a uG [ G m \tMuH u d k
oabmwlvufcHvkduf&avawmhonf/
]]'DvdkrS tqifaNyr,fqdk&if OD;&D;awmftMuHay;wJhtwdkif;yJ vkyfygawmhav? wckawmhaNymcsifw,f? olUudk
taetxkdifusyfNyD; pdwfqif;&Judk,fqif;&J Nzpfatmifawmh rvkyfapcsifbl;}}
]]'gudk igem;vnfygw,f wlrav;&,f? igukd,fwdkifuvJ 'Doli,fav;tay:rSm ,kHMunfrI &Sdoifhoavmuf
&Sdygw,f? pdwfcsvufcsykHNyD; r,kHEdkifwJhtaNctaerdkYom tckvkdvkyfzdkY tMuHay;&wmyg? uJ ... ighwlrav;u
oabmwlvufcHNyDqdkawmh &SD;xifcsdwfudk tus,fcsKyf zrf;qD;xm;zkdY qufvkyfawmhr,faemf}}
]]aumif;ygNyD OD;&D;awmf}}
vdauG[Gmonf &SD;xifcsdwftm;zrf;qD;&ef trdefYpmvTmudk udk,fwdkifa&;om;NyD; rdrd\vufrSwfudka&;xkd;um
vdcsrfvltm;urf;ay;onf/
vda&Smufa0r&SdckdufwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk vdcsrfvlESifh vdauG[GmwdkYESpfa,mufu yl;wGJtkyfcsKyfae&m
ta&;MuD;onfh trdefYrsm;wGif ESpfa,mufvkH;twl vufrSwfa&;xdk;um xkwfay;&onf/
vdcsrfvlonf tHav;udkMudwfum trdefYpmvTmay:wGif rodromwkef,ifpGm vufrSwfa&;xkd;ay;vkdufonf/
&ifxJwGifvnf; emusifpGmcHpm;vkduf&&Smonf/
xdkokdY cHpm;vkduf&aMumif;udk vdauG[Gm r&dyfrdvkduf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; odEdkifrnfr[kwfygacs/
aemufwaeYeHeufwGif vdauG[Gmonf vda&Smufa0vGwfaNrmufa&;twGuf qufoG,fvkyfaqmif&ef
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS xGufcGmoGm;onf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk vdcsrfvlu wm0ef,ltkyfcsKyfum usefaecJhonf/
vd c srf v l o nf tus,f c sKyf z rf ; qD ; xm;aom &S D ; xif c sd w f \ taNctaeud k waph w apmif ;
acsmif;aNrmif;MunfhvdkaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwftwGuf pDpOfay;xm;onfh oD;oefYtcef;&Sd&modkY vmcJhonf/
xdktcef;xJwGif &SD;xifcsdwfudkNyKpkay;&ef wm0efay;xm;aom &Ha&Tazmfrdef;uav; cRef&Sefwpfa,mufwnf;udkom
awGU&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudkrl rawGU&/
&S;D xifcsw
d uf kd tus,cf sKyfzrf;qD;xm;vQif þoD;oefYcef;xJwiG yf if xm;vdrrhf nf[k vdcsrv f wl uG x f m;cJoh nf/
,ck o D ; oef Y cef ; wG i f tapmif h v nf ; r&S d / &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k v nf ; rawG U &/ vd c srf v l tawmf y if
tawG;&cufoGm;onf/
]]aMomf ... ocifrav;}}
vdcsrfvl 0ifa&mufvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg cRef&Sefu EIwfquftoHNyKum t&dktaoay;onf/
]]tpfudk &SD;xifcsdwfaum}}
vdcsrfvlu vTwfceJar;vdkufonf/
cRef&Sef\rsufESmay:wGif tHhMoonfht&dyftoGif ,Sufoef;oGm;um ...
]][if ... ocifrav;uyJ zrf;csKyfzdkY trdefYay;xm;w,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]at; ... [kwfawmh[kwfygw,f? tJ ... olUudk b,frSm oGm;zrf;csKyfxm;ovJvdkY ar;wmyg}}
]]tJ'gudkawmh uRefrvJrodbl;? ocifMuD;auG[Gm tcwfcdkif;wJhaq;udkyJ uRefrcwfay;vdkuf&wmyg}}
vdcsrfvl tawmfyif tawG;&cufoGm;onf/
]]bmaq;cwf&wmvJ}}
vdcsrfvlu tavmwMuD;ar;vkdufonf/
]]bmaq;vJqdkwmudk uRefr rodygbl; ocifrav;? ocifMuD;auG[Gmu ay;wmyg? uRefru tpfudkav;
&SD;xifcsdwf aomufr,fht&ufcGufxJrSm xnfhcwfay;&ygw,f}}
]]aq;cwfxm;wJh t&ufaomufNyD;awmh b,fvdkNzpfoGm;ovJ}}
&ifckefoH NrefpNyKvmaom vdcsrfvl\avoHrSm pdk;&drf&dyfvTrf;vmonf/

361
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]aq;cwfxm;wJh t&ufudkaomufNyD; cPtMumrSm tpfudkav;&SD;xifcsdwf aysmhacGNyD;owdvpf
vJusoGm;w,f? tJ'DawmhrS ocifMuD;auG[GmeJY a,mufwdwfvlwdkYu tpfudkav;&SD;xifcsdwfudk zrf;ac:oGm;
MuawmhwmygyJ}}
a,mufwdwfvlrSm vdauG[Gm\ vl,kHwynfh&if; wpfa,mufNzpfonf/
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif xifhceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
rdrdu&SD;xifcsdwfudk tus,fcsKyfoabmrsKd; xm;&Sd&efom oabmwlcGifhNyKvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/ ,ck
vdauG[GmESifh a,mufwdwfvlwdkY vkyfaqmifMuykHrSm oHo,Nzpfp&m tawmfaumif;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk owdvpfaysmhacGoGm;atmif bm&nf&G,fcsufNzifh tqdyfaq;cwf&oenf; qdkNcif;rSm
vdcsrfvltzdkU &ifzdkarmp&maumif;vSaom ar;cGef;wpfck Nzpfaeayonf/
vdcsrfvlonf pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; ray:vGif&atmif tom£a`E´qnf xdef;csKyfNyD;aemuf oD;oefYcef;xJrS
NyefxGufvmcJhonf/
xdYk aemuf &Jwukd Mf uD;\ taqmifaqmif tcef;cef;wdYk ukd wcef;0ifwcef;xGuf ra,mifrvnf avQmufomG ;um
&SD;xifcsdwfudkvdkuf&Smonf/
rnfonfhtaqmif rnfonfhtcef;wGifrQ &SD;xifcsdwfudkrawGU&/
vdcsrfvl\ pkd;&drfylyefrI ydkrdkNrifhwufvmonf/
aemufqkH;wGif wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ tcsKyfcef;rsm;okdYyif oGm;a&mufMunfh&Ionf/ xdktcsKyfcef;rsm;xJwGifvnf;
&SD;xifcsdwfr&Sd/ aysmufcsufom; aumif;aeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf b,fa&mufaeavoenf;/ xdkar;cGef;udk vdcsrfvl xyfNyefwvJvJ ar;aerdonf/
xdkar;cGef;onf olUudk pdwfwkefvIyf acsmufcsm;atmif Ncdrf;aNcmufvsuf&Sdaeonf/
&ufawGwa&GUa&GU ukefvGefoGm;onf/
vdcsrfvlonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif &SD;xifcsdwfudk ZJGaumif;aumif;ESifh vdkuf&SmaeqJNzpfonf/
,kHMunfpdwfcs&aomolrsm;udkvnf; rodrom ar;Munfhonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfudk rawGU&/ bmowif;rQvnf;
rMum;&/
vdauG[Gmudk ar;Munfh&efom &Sdawmhonf/ vdauG[Gmuvnf; &Jwdkufudk Nyefa&mufrvmcJh/ vdauG[Gm
omr[kwf/ vdauG[m\ vl,kHwynfhMuD; a,mufwdwfvludkvnf; &JwdkufwGifrawGU&awmh/
vd a uG [ G m u wu,f h a pwemaumif ; ES i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k vk H N cKH o nf h a e&mwck c k w G i f vQKd U 0S u f p G m
xm;&Sdavovm;/
'grSr[kwf þudpörsm;wGif taumufMuHrI wckckrsm; &Sdaeavovm;/
vdcsrfvl pOf;pm;í r&Edkifawmhay/

362
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (33)
vdauG[Gm xGufcGmoGm;onfrSm ckepf&uf&SdoGm;ayNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,muf vdauG[Gm\zrf;qD;Ncif; cH&NyD;aemuf b,fae&modkYa&mufí bmNzpfrSef;rodbJ
&SdaeonfrSmvnf; ckESpf&ufNynfhaNrmufNyD[k qdk&ayrnf/
xdkokdY ckepf&ufNynfhaNrmufaom ntcsdefwGif vdcsrfvlonf wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ taemufbufyef;NcHxJwGif
wa,mufwnf; vrf;avQmufíaeav\/
yef;NcH[kqdkaomfvnf; yef;refrsm; zl;yGifha0qmonfh ae&mwpfckr[kwfay/ Nrifhrm;NyD; tudkif;tcufrsm;
a0qmonfh xif&SL;yifMuD;rsm;om &Sdaeayonf/
xif;&SL;yiftyk u
f av;[lí qdyk gu ydrk o
kd ifah vsmfayrnf/ NyefYNyL;aomNrufcif;NyifEiS hf Nrufcif;NyifuNkd zwfvsuf
ausmufNzLNym;rsm; cif;xm;onfh vrf;ao;wpfvrf;&Sdonf/
vdcsrfvlonf ausmufNzLNym; cif;xm;aom vrf;ab;twdkif; av;wGJUaomaNcvSrf;rsm;Nzifh Nznf;nif;pGm
avQmufívmcJhonf/
olr\toGifrSm tdyfrufxJwGif vrf;xavQmufaeolwpfa,mufvdk Nzpfaeonf/
]]tif; ... azazvJ b,fvkd taNctaersKd; &Sdaer,frodbl;? wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk NyefrSa&mufvmEdkifyghrvm;/
OD;&D;awmf vdauG[GmuvJ b,fudkoGm;ae&wmygvdrfh/ 'DMum;xJrSm tpfudk&SD;xifcsdwfuvJ aysmufaeNyefw,f/
bmawGrSef;vJ rodbl;? cufygw,fav}}
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJrS trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmylyefaerdonf/
363
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,muf toufaoqkH; oGm;avNyDvm;[kvnf; pdwfxJwGifxifhceJ Nzpfrdonf/
tcsdefrSm tawmfnOfheufaeNyD Nzpfonf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wckvkH;rSm tdyfarmusum wdwfqdwfaeonf/
avuvnf;NidrfaeaomaMumifh opf&Gufrsm;vIyf&Sm;oHudkyif rMum;&/
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufvGef;vSaom ywf0ef;usifu vdcsrfvludk ydkípdwfacsmufcsm;apatmif zefwD;aeonf/
vdcsrfvo l nf wpfa,mufwnf; pOf;pm;awG;awm&if; avQmufvrS ;f vm&m opfuikd ;f opf&u G rf sm; vIy&f mS ;oHukd
&kwfw&ufMum;vkduf&aomaMumifh tawG;pNywfum aNcvSrf;wkHYoGm;onf/
]][if ... b,fvdkNzpfwmvJ? avvJrwdkufbJeJY opfudkif;opf&GufawGu bmaMumifhvIyf&Sm;ae&wmvJ/
tHhMop&mygvm;}}
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif wtHhwMoESifh tawG;cufaeqJrSmyif olrb,fvdkrS rarQmfvifhxm;aom
tNzpfrsm;qufvufNzpfay:vmNyefonf/
]]*sdrf; ...}}
rwdk;rus,f toHwpfck xif;&SL;yifMuD;wpfyifqDrS ay:vmonf/
xdktoHay:vmonfh xif;&SL;yifMuD;onf vdcsrfvl&yfaeaomae&mESifh aNcvSrf;q,fvSrf;rQom a0;onf/
]]apmapmu opf u d k i f ; opf & G u f a wG vI y f & S m ;oG m ;wmvJ 'D x if ; &S L ;yif M uD ; yJ ? tck v J tJ ' D t yif u
toHay:vmNyefNyD? bmawGrsm;vJ rodbl;? taMumif;od&atmif tomapmifhMunfhrSyJ}}
vdcsrfvlonf teD;qkH;wGif&Sdonfh xif;&SL;yifMuD;wpfyif ay:okdYwufum tudkif;t&Gufrsm;Mum;wGif
ykef;atmif;vsuf taNctaeudk tomapmifhMunfhaeonf/
vdcsrfvlonf xif;&SL;yifMuD;ay:odkY a&mufoGm;NyD;onfESifh apmapmuxl;Ncm;aom toHrsm;Mum;&onfh
xif;&SL;yifMuD;\aNc&if;rS vlwpfa,muf tomavQmufvSrf; xGufvmonf/
]]tvdk ... 'Dxif;&SL;yifMuD;rSm vQKdU0Suf 0ifaygufxu G af ygufwpfck &Sad ewmud;k ? 'DvQKdU0Su0f ifaygufxu G af yguf
&Sdaewmudk azazuawmifrS ighudk aNymNyrxm;bl;}}
vdcsrfvlawG;awmaecsdefrSmyif xif;&SL;yif&Sd vQKdU0SuftaygufrS aemufxyfvlESpfa,muf xGufvmNyefonf/
xdkYaemuf okH;a,mufom; xif;&SL;yif&dyfrStNyifokdY avQmufvSrf;xGufvmMuonf/
aumif;uifwGif vomaeaomfvnf; xif;&SL;yifatmufwGif t&dyfusaeaomaMumifh tpydkif;wGif
xdkvlokH;a,muf\ toGiftNyifudk vdcsrfvl aumif;pGmrNrifEdkifcJhay/
arS m if & d y f u s&mopf y if a tmuf r S tNyif b uf o k d Y avQmuf v S r f ; a&muf & S d v mMuaom tcgwG i f r S
xdkolokH;a,mufwdkYonf a,mufwdwfvl? zl;auG;urf;ESifh usefarmfzefwdkY NzpfMuaMumif; awGUNrifod&Sd&awmhonf/
xdkvlokH;a,mufvkH;onf vdauG[Gm\ vl,kHwynfh&if;rsm; NzpfaomaMumifh þvQKdU0Sufae&monf
vdauG[Gmu MuHpnfNyKvkyfxm;aomae&m Nzpfrnfvm;[k vdcsrfvl awG;vdkufrdonf/
a,mufwdwfvlwdkY ta0;okdY avQmufvSrf;xGufcGmoGm;rSyif vdcsrfvlonf ykef;atmif;ae&mrSxGufum
vQKdU0Suftayguf&Sd&m xif;&SL;yifMuD;okdY csOf;uyfoGm;NyD; ppfaq;Munfhonf/
vQKdU0Suftayguf NyKvkyfxm;onfhrSm tvGefyifaphpyf yd&dvSonf/ aoaocsmcsm teD;uyfppfaq;MunfhrSom
yifpnfwGiftaygufae&m tufaMumif;udk Nrif&onf/
tu,fí xdkopfyifwGif vQKdU0Suf0ifaygufxGufayguf &SdaMumif;odrxm;ygu b,fvdkrS &SmazGawGU&SdEdkifrnf
r[kwfay/
0ifayguf&o dS nfh ae&mudo
k &d NyDNzpfaomfvnf; vQKdU0Sut f aygufukd zGiEhf ikd rf nfh cvkwu f akd wmh b,fvrkd &S mS r&/
vQKdU0Suftaygufudk zGifhEdkifrnfhcvkwftm; vkdufvH&SmazGaeqJrSmyif aNcoHcyfzGzGudk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtwGuf
vdcsrfvlrSm uref;uwef;yif ykef;atmif;aevdkuf&Nyefonf/
cPtMumwGif vlESpfa,muf vQKdU0Suftayguf&Sdaom xif;&SL;yifqDokdY a&SU&IavQmufvSrf;vmMuonfudk
awGU&onf/
wpf a ,muf r S m a,muf w d w f v l Nzpf o nf / usef w pf a ,muf u rl vd c srf v l wcgrQrNrif z l ; aom
vlpdrf;wpfa,mufNzpfonf/

364
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]cifAsm;wdkYvdkcsifwJh aumifav;udk uRefawmfwdkYq&mMuD;u t&dk;aysmhaq;cwfNyD; trdzrf;xm;NyD;ygNyD?
tcsdefra&G; cifAsm;wdkY ac:oGm;zkdY toifhygyJ}}
a,mufwdwfvl aNymvdkufaompum;oHu vdcsrfvl\ ESvkH;udkvIyfcgoGm;aponf/
trnfxkwfazmf raNymaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfudk &nf&G,fNyD;aNymqdkNcif;NzpfaMumif; aumif;pGmem;vnfonf/
vd a uG [ G m onf &ef o l U buf a wmf o m;Nzpf N yD ; wzuf v S n f h N zif h y&d , m,f q if u m &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k
csKyfzrf;vdkufaMumif;udk ,ckrSyif vdcsrfvl em;vnfavawmhonf/
]]awmuf ... vufpowfawmh OD;&D;awmfvad uG[mG u opömazmufu;kd ? [if; ... ighua>rayG;udk cg;yku d yf u
dk x
f m;
rdcJhwmygvm;}}
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif cHNyif;a'go NzpfoGm;rdonf/
xdkokdY awG;awmrdqJrSmyif vQKdU0Suftayguf yGifhoGm;oHNrnfvmonf/
]]*sdrf; ...}}
wpfa,mufwnf; Mudwrf Edik cf rJ & cHNyif;a'goxGuaf eavaom vdcsrfvo l nf xdt k cgrSyif xif;&SL;yif&&dS mokYd
vSr;f Munfv h u kd &f m yifpnfwiG t
f aygufwpfck Nzpfay:aeNyD; a,mufwwd v
f El iS t hf azmfwYkd xdt
k aygufrS 0ifomG ;Muonfukd
awGUvdkuf&onf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf 0ifa&mufoGm;NyD;onfESifh vQKdU0SuftaygufrSmvnf; NyefydwfoGm;onf/
cHNyif;pdwfESifh a'goNzpfrdaomaMumifh vdcsrfvlrSm a,mufwdwfvlwdkYu vQKdU0Suftaygufudk yGifhoGm;atmif
rnfonfhae&mrS cvkwfudkqGJvdkufonfqdkNcif;udkyif rodvdkuf&ay/
cHNyif;rINzifh pdwfvIyf&Sm;cJhNcif;u tcGifhaumif;wpfckudk vufvGwfoGm;apcJhavNyD/
vdcsrfvlonf ÓPfaumif;aomrdef;uav;wpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ rdrd\trSm;udk csufcsif;yifodonf/
]]taNctaeuawmh odyfudk &IyfaxG;aeNyD? ightaeeJY tavmwMuD; vkyfvdkYr&bl;? aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;NyD;
ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif tuGufcsvIyf&Sm;zdkY vdkw,f? 'Dxif;&SL;yifMuD;atmufrSm vQKdU0SufaNratmufcef;wpfckckawmh &SdrSmtrSefyJ?
NyD;awmh tpfudk&SD;xifcsdwfvJ tJ'DaNratmufcef;xJrSm &Sdaevdrfhr,f? ightaeeJY tJ'DaNratmufcef;xJudk 0ifEdkifwJh
vrf;ayguf&JU vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudk odzdkYvdkw,f? NyD;awmh opömazmufawGudkvJ azmfxkwfta&;,l&OD;r,f}}
vdcsrfvlonf pdwfudktwwfEdkifqkH; wnfNidrfatmifcsKyfwnf;vdkufonf/
tcsdeftawmfMumatmif apmifhMunfhaomfvnf; aemufxyfbmrQ NzpfrvmaomaMumifh rdrd\tcef;okdY
NyefvmcJh&awmhonf/
tcef;okdYNyefa&mufonfESifh rnfokdYrnfykH vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifoifhonfudk trsKd;rsKd;tzkHzkH MuHpnfpdwful;onf/
atmifNrifEdkifrnfhtvm;tvmrsm;ESifh &IH;edrfhEdkifrnfh taMumif;tcsufwdkYudkvnf; qifNcifokH;oyfonf/
aemufqkH;wGif tMuHaumif;wpfckudk &avawmhonf/
tcsdefrSm oef;acgifausmfaeNyDNzpfonf/
rnfonfhnwGifrqdk oef;acgifxufawmh nOfhreufEdkifay/ oef;acgifausmfonfESifh rdk;vif;vm&efom
&Sdayawmhonf/

aemufwaeYeHeuf/
rdk;vif;onfESifh vdcsrfvlonf rdrdtMuHtwkdif; pwifvIyf&Sm;aqmif&Gufonf/
yxrOD;qkH; rdrd,kHMunfpdwfcs&ol vl,kHrsm;udk ac:,lum tEÅ&m,fwpfckudkNzdKcGJ&ef taMumif;&SdaMumif;
t&dyft>rufaNymNyonf/ xdkYaemuf zcifvda&Smufa0 wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY rMumrDNyefvnf a&mufvmawmhrnf
NzpfaMumif;udk &JwdkufxJwGif wD;wdk;owif;NzefY aNymMum;&ef apcdkif;vdkufavonf/
vdcsrfvl\ tMuHtpnfyxrtqifhuawmh tawmfyifatmifNrifonf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD; wckvkH;wGif
vda&Smufa0 rMumcifNyefvnfa&mufvmawmhrnfqdkaom owif;ysHUESHYoGm;onf/
vdcsrfvlonf xdkaeYwaeYvkH;yif tcef;atmif;aeonf/
okdYaomf olr\vl,kHrsm;udkrl wpfa,mufcsif; ac:,lawGUqkHum qufvufvkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk
aNymqdkndE§ Idif;xm;onf/
365
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaeU naeapmif;onfESifh ta&;ay:tcsufay; acgif;avmif;wD;cwfvlpk&ef trdefYpmvTma&;um
cRef&Sefudkay;tyfNyD; apvTwfvdkufonf/
rMumrDyif ta&;ay:tcsufay; acgif;avmif;oHu wdrfvTm&JwdkufwpfckvkH;udk vTrf;rdk;ay:aygufvmonf/
uif;apmihfwm0ef usaeMuolrsm;rSvGJí wdrfvTm&Jwdkufodkif;orm;rsm;onf {nfhcef;aqmifMuD;okdY
pka0;a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
odkif;orm;tm;vkH; pkHavmufonf[k xif&aomtcsdefwGif vdcsrfvlonf &Ha&Tazmfrdef;uav;cRef&Sefudk
aemufygtNzpfac:aqmifum {nhfcef;aqmifxJokdY 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
]]ocifrav; vdcsrfvl usef;rmygap}}
]]wdrfvTm&JwkdufMuD; t"GefY&Snfygap}}
vdcsrfvludkawGU&aomtcg okdif;orm;rsm;u aumif;csD;ay;atmf[pfMuonf/
vdcsrfvlu rdrdudkaumif;csD;ay;rItm; todtrSwfNyKonfhtaeNzifh acgif;wcsufqwfNyonf/ xdkYaemuf
nmvufudk tom`rSmufvkduf&m toHrsm;NidrfoGm;onf/
]]nDaemifodkif;a&mif;&if;taygif;wdkY? tm;vkH;odMuwJhtwdkif;ygyJ? uRefrwdkYwdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;[m
ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfuwnf;u pwifwnf&SdcJhNyD; b,folUqDrSrS 'l;raxmuftnHhrcHcJhzl;ygbl;}}
vdcsrfvlu wnfNidrfav;eufonfh avoHNzifh pum;tpysKd;onf/
odkif;orm;taygif;udk tuJcwfovdkMunfhNyD;rS ...
]]'gayr,fh 'DaeY'DtcsdefrSmawmh uRefrwdkY wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;[m odkif;avmurSm w&Sdefxdk; ausmfMum;tiftm;
awmifhwif;vmwJh e*g;NzLa*[m&JU MoZmcHb0udk usa&muf&awmhr,fh taNcrsKd;Nzpfaeygw,f}}
xdtk csdew f iG f vdcsrfvul pnf;&k;H um MudKwifrmS Mum;xm;Muonfh vl,o Hk idk ;f orm;rsm;onf wa,mufwcGe;f pD
0dkif;0ef;atmf[pfMuavawmhonf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY taoomcHr,f? olwyg; MoZmcHb0awmh ta&mufrcHEdkifbl;}}
]]tEdkifusifhAkdvfuswJh rdpämokdif;orm;awGudk &Sif;ypfr,f}}
]]wdkufr,f ... wdkufr,f}}
]]ocifMuD; vda&Smufa0 Nyefa&mufrvmao;&if ocifrav;vdcsrfvluyJ OD;aqmifNyD;wdkufyGJ0ifyg}}
]]wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu odkif;orm;awG&JU tpGrf;eJYowdåaoG;udk NyMur,f}}
vdauG[Gm\ vuf&if;wynfhvl,kHawmfrsm;onf þtcgwGifrS vdcsrfvlu rnfonfh&nf&G,fcsufNzifh
,ckvdkvkyfaqmifaeNcif; NzpfaMumif;udk &dyfrdoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkvlpkonf opömazmufrsm;yDyD vdcsrfvl\rSefuefaom vkyfaqmifrIudk uysufu,ufvkyf&ef csufcsif;yif
vIyf&Sm;vmMuavawmhonf/
zl;auG;urf;ESifh usefarmfzefwdkY acgif;aqmifum odkif;orm;q,fa,mufcefY a&SUodkYavQmufvSrf;
xGufvmMuonf/
]]uRefawmfwckavmuf aNymcsifygw,f? cGifhNyKEdkifrvm;}}
zl;auG;urf;u cGifhyefonf/
]]&SifwkdYu OD;&D;awmfvdauG[Gm&JU vuf&if;wynfhvl,kHawmfawGyJ? aNymEdkifygw,f? aNymEdkifygw,f}}
vdcsrfvlu pum;udk xdxdrdrdaNymum cGifhNyKvdkufonf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY&JUq&mMuD; vdauG[Gm[m ocifrav;&JU OD;&D;awmft&if;acgufacgufvJ Nzpfygw,f?
&Jwu kd o
f cifMuD; &efoUl vuf usa&mufaewJt h csderf mS 'D&w
J u
kd &f UJ ta&;udpaö wGukd q&mMuD;vdauG[mG eJY ocifrav;wdYk
twl w l w d k i f y if N yD ; vk y f a qmif z d k Y v d k y gw,f ? tck v d k q&mMuD ; vd a uG [ G m wm0ef e J Y t Nyif u d k o G m ;aecd k u f r S m
ocifrav;wpfa,mufwnf; oabmeJY rqkH;Nzwf rvkyfudkifapcsifygbl;}}
zl;auG;urf;\pum;onf taumif;aNymovdkvdk xif&aomfvnf; wu,fpifppf e*g;NzLa*[mudk
&ifqdkifwGef;vSef&ef vdcsrfvl\ OD;aqmifpDpOfrIudk qefYusifonfhoabmyif Nzpfayonf/
]]&SifwdkY&JUq&mMuD; vdauG[Gm tck b,fae&mudka&mufaew,f qdkwmudkaum &Sifod&JUvm;}}
vdcsrfvlu zl;auG;urf;udk pl;pl;&J&JMunfhum ar;onf/
366
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
zl;auG;urf;rSm rsufESmuGufceJysufoGm;NyD; ...
]]'guawmh uRefawmfb,fodEdkifrSmvJ? &JwdkufocifMuD; vGwfaNrmufvmzdkYtwGuf oGm;aqmif&GufaewmudkyJ
uRefawmfodw,f}}
]]&SifwdkYrodbl;qdk&if uRefraNymr,f? &SifwdkY&JUq&mMuD;[m tck e*g;NzLa*[mudk a&mufaeNyD&Sifh}}
zl;auG;urf;rsufESm rnf;ceJNzpfoGm;onf/
okdYaomf csufcsif;yif £a`E´NyefqnfvdkufNyD; ...
]]q&mMuD;u &JwdkufocifMuD; vGwfaNrmufa&;twGuf e*g;NzLa*[mrSm oGm;ta&;qdkwm NzpfrSmaygh? 'g
bmqef;vdkYvJ}}
]][kwfrS [kwf&JUvm;&Sif}}
zl;auG;urf;wdkYvlpkrSm rsufESmysufNyD;&if; ysufaeMuawmhonf/ r[kwfrrSef vkyfMuHaqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh
ywfoufaeolwdkYonf tvdkvdkyif aoG;vefYum pdwfacsmufcsm;aeMuonfrSm rqef;ygacs/
]]ocifrav;u bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ}}
zl;auG;urf;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]&S i f w d k Y &J U q&mMuD ; e*g;NzLa*[mud k a&muf a ewm[m uRef r azaz wd r f v T m &J w d k u f ocif M uD ;
vGwfaNrmufa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifzdkYr[kwfbl;? uRefrwdkY wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk e*g;NzLa*[m&JU MoZmcHb0
ta&mufykdYEdkifzdkY aNymqdkwdkifyifaewmyJ}}
vd c srf v l \ EI w f r S þpum;xG u f o G m ;onf E S i f h {nf h c ef ; aqmif x J w G i f pk a 0;a&muf & S d a eMuaom
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\odkif;orm;rsm;onf vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;Muavawmhonf/
]]usKyfwpfck aNymyg&ap ocifrav;}}
toufig;q,fcefY&Sd odkif;orm;MuD;wpfa,muf a&SUxGufvmNyD; cGifhyefonf/
xdok idk ;f orm;MuD;onf wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd üf aNzmifrh wfwnfMunfrw I iG f emrnfMuD;vSonfh ude;f ,daygif Nzpfonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf&Sd odkif;orm;tm;vkH;uyif uef;,daygif\ aNzmifhrwfwnfMunfrIudk av;pm;Muonf/
]]aNymyg&Sif aNymyg? pdwfxJrSm&Sdwmudk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; aNymEdkifygw,f}}
vdcsrfvlu acgif;ndwfum cGifhNyKvdkufonf/
]]ocifrav; apmapmu aNymoGm;wJhpum;udk Nyef&kyfodrf;apcsifygw,f? q&mMuD;vdauG[Gm[m
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuftay: opömazmufavmufatmif rdkufrJvdrfhr,fvdkY usKyfrxifygbl;}}
]]uRefru 'Dpum;udk t&rf;aNymwm r[kwfygbl;? vdauG[Gm[m uRefr&JUOD;&D;awmft&if;yg? olUtay:
'Dvdkpum;rsKd; aNymudkraNymcsifygbl;? 'gayr,fh aNym&r,fhtaMumif;u zefvmawmh raNymvdkYudkrNzpfawmhygbl;?
&SifwdkYtm;vkH; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odoGm;atmif uRefr oufaoom"u ckdifckdifvkHvkH xkwfNyyghr,f}}
]]oufaotckdiftvkH NyEdkifr,fqdk&ifawmh taumif;qkH;ygyJ}}
]]uJ ... &SifwdkYtm;vkH;udk uRefr ar;cGef;wpfckar;r,f? uRefrwdkY wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;rSm tm;vkH;odxm;wJh
tusOf;tcef;tNyif wNcm;vQKdU0SufaNratmuf tcsKyfcef;&Sdygovm;? vQKdU0SufaNratmuf tcsKyfcef;&Sdw,fvdkYaum
&SifwkdYMum;zl;Muygovm;}}
okdif;orm;rsm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;Muonf/
]]wdrfvTm&JwdkufrSm trsm;odxm;MuwJh tcsKyfcef;tNyif vQKdU0SufaNratmuf tcsKyfcef;&Sdw,fvdkY usKyfwdkY
rMum;zl;Muygbl;? 'DvQKdU0Suaf Nratmuf tcsKyfcef;&Sw d ,fqw kd hJ owif;udk b,fou l aNymwmvJ? tJ'v D vkd maNymwJv h u l kd
trsm;a&SUarSmufrSm xkwfazmfaNymNyvkdufyg? 'g[m aoG;aomufa&mif;&if; tcsif;csif;Mum;rSm pdwf0rf;uGJatmif
aNcxdk;wJh vkyf&yfygyJ}}
uef;,daygifu OD;aqmifumaNymonf/
tNcm;odkif;orm;rsm;uvnf; uef;,daygif\pum;udk axmufcHaNymqdkMuonf/
]]b,fou l rS owif;vmay;wm r[kwyf gbl;? uRefruk, d w
f idk f opömazmufawG&UJ vIy&f mS ;rIukd apmifMh unf&h if;
tJ'D aNratmufvQKdU0Suf tcsKyfcef;taMumif; odcJh&wmyg}}
zl;auG;urf;wdkYvlpk rnfodkYrQ [efaqmifcsKyfwnf;ír&atmif rsufESmysufukefMuonf/
367
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
usefokdif;orm;rsm;rSmvnf; tHhtm;oifhukefMuonf/
vdcsrfvlu zl;auG;urf;wdkYvlpkudk at;pufaomavoHNzifh ar;onf/
yifukduyif rlrrSefaom zl;auG;urf;wdkYvlpkrSm vdcsrfvl\ pl;&SaomtMunfhESifh at;pufaomaNymykHwdkYaMumifh
tMuD;tus,f pdwfvIyf&Sm;wkefvIyfum aNczsm;vufzsm;yif at;pufukefMuonf/
usm;a&SUa&mufonfh ,kefoli,fvdk £`E´tysufysufNzpfukefMuonf/
EIwfrS twdtvif;xkwfazmf 0efcHNcif;rNyKMuao;aomfvnf; olwdkY\rlrrSefaomtNzpfu trsm;tNrifwGif
ppfar;p&mrvdkbJ xif&Sm;aeNyDNzpfonf/
]]&Siw
f Ydk [m aemufvu kd af wGom Nzpfw,fqw kd m uRefrodygw,f? rvdrm® vdYk wpfMudrw f pfcg rdu k rf mS ;rdwmudv
k J
csrf;omay;zdkY uRefrpdwful;xm;ygw,f? aemufxyfNyD;awmhom rrdkufrSm;MuygeJYvdkY aNymcsifw,f}}
vd c srf v l u oabmxm;MuD ; MuD ; ES i f h wpf M ud r f w pf c g rd k u f r S m ;rd o nf u d k cG i f h v T w f r nf N zpf a Mumif ;
aNymqdkvmaomtcg zl;auG;urf;wdkYvlpkrSm bmaNymíbmvkyf&rnfudkyif rodawmhatmif NzpfukefMuonf/
]]&SifwdkY&JUtNypfawGudk uRefr xkwfaNymraecsifawmhbl;? &SifwdkYudk,f&SifwdkY odMuygw,f? a[m'DrSmawGUvm;}}
vdcsrfvlu aNymaNymqdkqkd cg;wGifcsdwfxm;aom "m;vG,fxJrS "m;&Snfudk &Trf;ceJ qGJxkwfvdkufonf/
tvGefaumif;rGefaom "m;aumif;wpfvuf NzpfaomaMumifh "m;a&mifwvufvuf Nzpfaeonf/
Nrif&olwkdYtzkdY pdwfvIyf&Sm;zG,f&myif/
vdcsrfvlu "m;&Snfudkwcsuf a0SU,rf;vdkufNyD; ...
]]'g[m azazudk,fwdkif udkifaqmifwJh"m;yJ? azaz[m tck wdrfvTm&JwkdufMuD;rSm &Sdraeayr,fh olU"m;uawmh
&Sdaew,f? opömazmuf tNypfusL;vGefrdkufrJwJh vlawGudk 'D"m;eJYqkH;rzdkY 0efrav;bl;qdkwm odxm;yg?
qufNyD;rrdkufrSm;csifygeJY? &Jwdkufrª;MuD; vdcRefvef}}
vdcsrfvlonf zl;auG;urf;wdkYudk avoHrmrmESifh aNymqdkae&mrS &Jwdkufrª;MuD;tm; &kwfw&ufac:vdkufonf/
vdcRefvefu t&kdtaoay;NyD; Nyefxl;onf/
]]&SifhpdwfMudKuf vlq,fa,mufa&G;ac:oGm;? zl;auG;urf;u vrf;Nyvdkuf? taemufbufNcH0if;xJu
xif;&SL;yifig;yif&JU tv,facgifu xif;&SL;yifrSm aNratmufvQKdU0Suf tcsKyfcef;xJukd0ifxGufEdkifwJh vQKdU0Suf
vrf;ayguf &Sdw,f? zl;auG;urf;udk vQKdU0Suftayguf&JU cvkwfudkzGifhckdif;? NyD;awmh vQKdU0Suf aNratmuf tcsKyfcef;xJrSm
&SdaewJh vlrSeforQudk ac:xkwfvmcJhyg}}
vdcsrfvlu Nywfom;pGm trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh? trdefYtwkdif; aqmif&Gufyghr,f ocifrav;}}
&Jwdkufrª;MuD; vdcRefvefonf trdefYemcHNyD;aemuf vlq,fa,mufudk pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fum zl;auG;urf;tm;
vrf;Nyapvsuf xGufcGmoGm;onf/
]]'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvif ... &Sifu vltiftm;ESpfq,fudkac:NyD; taemufbufNcH0if;ywfvnfudk
0ef;&Hxm;vkduf? wu,fvdkY xGufaNy;a&Smifwdrf;vmr,fhvl &Sdr,fqdk&if wa,mufrStvGwfray;eJY? tukefrdatmifzrf;}}
vdcsrfvlu 'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvifudk xyfrHtrdefYay;vkdufNyefonf/
,ef,dvifvnf; trdefYemcHum vlESpfq,fudkac:,lNyD; xGufcGmoGm;Nyefonf/
vd c srf v l u quf í rd r d \ vl , k H a wmf od k i f ; orm;rsm;tm; &J w d k u f \ tcsuf t csm ae&mtm;vk H ; ud k
xdef;csKyfapmifhMuyfxm;Mu&ef trdefYay;apvTwfvdkufNyefonf/
toufi,f&G,faomfvnf; MuH&nfzef&nf aumif;um vkyf&nfudkif&nf xufNrufaom vdcsrfvlonf
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wckvkH;udk rdrdvuf0,f&&Sdatmif csKyfxdef;xm;vkdufEdkifavawmhonf/
apmapmu wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;pka0;vsuf vIyf&Sm;qlnHaecJhaom {nfhcef;aqmifonf ,ckawmh
NidrfoufíaeayNyD/
vdcsrfvlonf {nfhcef;aqmifxJ&Sd xdkifckHMuD;wpfckHay:wGif xdkifvsuf&Sdaeonf/
olESifhrvSrf;rurf;wGif wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ tqifhNrifhodkif;orm; q,fa,muf&Sdaeonf/ xdkolrsm;onf
vdcsrfvl\ vkHNcKHa&;twGuf apmifhMuyfay;aeMuonfh udk,f&Hawmfrsm;yif Nzpfonf/
xdkokdif;orm;q,fa,mufrSmvnf; ausmuf&kyfrsm;vdk NidrfoufpGm&yfaeMuonf/
368
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vdcsrfvlonf udk,fcE¨mu NidrfoufpGmxkdifaeaomfvnf; pdwfurltvGefyif vIyf&Sm;íaeonf/
vQKdU0Suaf Nratmuf tcsKyfcef;xJwiG f &S;D xifcsdwu
f kd csKyfaESmifxm;rnfNzpfaMumif; olwu G q f xm;NyD; Nzpfonf/
,ck vQKdU0SufaNratmuftcsKyfcef;xJrS &SD;xifcsdwf\tultnDESifh e*g;NzLa*[m\ &efpG,ftEÅ&m,fudk
&ifqkdifckcHum u,fwifay;Edkifrnf[kvnf; tqifhqifh pdwful;xm;onf/
vdcsrfvlonf vQKdU0SufaNratmuftcsKyfcef;okdY oGm;a&mufMuaom &Jwdkufrª;MuD;vdcRefvefwdkYvlpkESifh
vdkufoGm;csifvSonf/ okdYaomf &JwdkufMuD;wpfckvkH;udk csKyfudkifxm;&onfh vlwpfa,mufNzpfaeonfhtwGuf
pdwfoGm;wkdif; udk,frygEdkifbJ {nfhcef;aqmifxJrSmom aecJh&onf/
xdkYaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk oGm;a&mufu,fwifol &Jwdkufrª;MuD;wdkYvlpk Nyeftvmudk pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGm
apmifhaeawmhonf/
vdcsrfvl\pdwfxJwGif tcsdefukefcJvSonf[k xifaerdonf/
tcsdefuawmh olYbmomol wa&GUa&GUukefvmonf/
tcsdefukefvmonfESifhtrQ pdwfrSmvnf;ydkí vIyf&Sm;vmonf/
bmaMumifhrsm; Mumaeygvdrfh/ tcuftcJ awGUaevdkYvm;/ taESmifht,SufESifh &ifqdkifae&NyDvm;
ponfNzifhvnf; trsKd;rsKd;awG;awmaerdonf/
aemufqkH;wGif {nfhcef;aqmifMuD;&Sd&modkY a&SU&IavQmufvSrf;vmonfh aNcoHrsm;udk Mum;&onf/
]]a[m ... a&mufvmMuNyD}}
tarQmfvifhMuD; arQmfvifhapmifhpm;aeaom vdcsrfvlrSm EIwfrSvTwfceJ a&&GwfrdNyD; xdkifae&mrSyif
x&yfvdkufrdonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif {nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY vlwpk 0ifa&mufvmonf/
xdkvlpkudk Nrifvkduf&onfESifh vdcsrfvlrSm rsufvkH;NyL;um thHtm;oifhoGm;&onf/
arQmfvifhxm;csufrsm;rSmvnf; vIdif;tykwfcH&aom oJtdrfvdkaMuysufoGm;&avawmhonf/
{nfch ef;aqmifxo J Ydk 0ifa&mufvmMuonfh vlprk mS &Jwu kd rf ;ª MuD; vdcRefvefEiS hf zl;auG;urf;wkYd vlpyk ifNzpfonf/
olwdkYvlpkESifhtwl aNratmuftusOf;cef;xJrS u,fwifac:xkwfcJhaom vlwpfa,mufvnf; ygvmonf/
xdkvlonf vl&kyfyifaumif;pGm ray:csifawmh/ ydefcsKH;um t&dk;ay:ta&wif Nzpfaeonf/
NyD;awmh ...
vdcsrfvl arQmfvifhapmifhpm;aeaom &SD;xifcsdwfr[kwf/
vdcsrfvl wcgrQ rawGUzl;rNrifzl;onfh trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufNzpfaeonf/
]]&Sif ... b,folvJ}}
vdcsrfvlu ydefcsKH;aeol trsKd;orD;udk MunfhNyD;ar;vdkufonf/
]]uRefr ... uRefr ... vdauG[Gm&JU wdwfwdwfykef;r,m;yg&Sif? uRefrudk csrf;omay;yg? vdauG[Gmu uRefrudk
Ncdrf;aNcmuf,lxm;NyD; tckvdkb0rsKd;a&mufatmif vkyfxm;wmyg&Sif}}
ydefcsKH;aeaom trsKd;orD;u aMumufvefYwkefvIyfpGm aNym&Smonf/ vdcsrfvl rsufarSmifukyfoGm;\/
&Jwdkufrª;MuD; vdcRefvefbufvSnfhum ...
]]aNratmufvQKdU0Suf tcsKyfcef;xJrSm 'DtrsKd;orD;wpfa,mufyJ &Sdvm;? wNcm;b,fol &Sdao;vJ}}
]]olwpfa,mufwnf; &Sdygw,f ocifrav;? wNcm;b,folUudkrS rawGUcJhygbl;}}
&Jwkdufrª;MuD;vdcRefvefu NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]uRefrrdwfaqG &SD;xifcsdwfudk &SifwdkY b,fvdkvkyfypfvkdufNyDvJ? rSefrSefaNymprf;}}
vdcsrfvlu zl;auG;urf;buf vSnfhMunfhNyD; avoHrmrmESifh ar;vkdufNyefonf/
]]ocifrav; tNypfwif&ifvJ cH&rSmygyJ? &SD;xifcsdwfudk q&mMuD;vdauG[Gmu e*g;NzLa*[macgif;aqmif
ydkifusifvkHqDudk ydkYay;vkdufygNyD}}
zl;auG;urf;u ysmysmovJyif taNzay;onf/
]]tdk}}
vdcsrfvlEIwfrS tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
369
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
arQmfvihfxm;orQ oJxJa&oGefovdk yaysmufoGm;&avNyD/
vdcsrfvlonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD; z&dkz&J NydKuGJroGm;&atmif MudK;pm;um MuHzefxdef;xm;Edkifao;aomfvnf;
toufi,f&G,fNyD; tawGUtMuKH Eke,fvSonfhtwGuf pdwfxJwGif tawmfyif tm;i,fae&onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfudk
ol t m;ud k ; onf / &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k o m Nyef v nf a wG U &vQif rd r d t wG u f q d k ; wk d i f y if aumif ; wk d i f y if
tazmfrGefrdwfaqGaumif;wpfa,muf NzpfEdkifonfudk olaumif;aumif;odonf/
,ckawmh ...
&SD;xifcsdwfxHrS tMuHÓPftultnDrsm; r&Edkifawmh/
&efolYvufxJokdYyif usa&mufoGm;cJh&acsNyD/
vd c srf v l o nf tarQmf v if h M uD ; arQmf v if h u m apmif h p m;cJ h o l &S D ; xif c sd w f u d k ru,f w if E d k i f í
pd w f " mwf u srd a omf v nf ; vk y f a qmif v I y f & S m ;&rnf h tvk y f r sm;ud k u m; rvk y f b J a eírNzpf / onf t wd k i f ;
ypfxm;ívnf;r&/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ tMuHÓPfESifhtultnD r&Edkifaomfvnf; &SdorQtiftm;ESifh wyfpGrf;orQ vkyfaqmif&ayrnf/
vd c srf v l o nf wd r f v T m &J w d k u f r S 0g&if h o k d i f ; orm;MuD ; rsm; Nzpf M uonf h &J w d k u f r ª ; MuD ; vd c Ref v ef ?
'kw,d &Jwu kd rf ;ª MuD; ,ef,v
d if? aNzmihrf wfwnfMunfvo S l uef;,daygifpolwYkdEiS hf wdik yf ifum &eforl sm;ud&k ifqikd Ef ikd &f ef
wwftm;orQ NyifqifvIyf&Sm;aeavawmh\/
rnfonfhae&modkY a&mufaernfenf;[kvnf; awG;aerdavonf/

370
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (34)
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tcsKyfcef;wpfckxJwGif a&muf&Sdaeonf/
rdrdonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;xJwGif r[kwfawmhonfukdum; &SD;xifcsdwfodonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfhae&m?
rnfonfha'ookdY a&mufaeonfudkrl olrodEdkifay/
xdktcsKyfcef;onf omref&dk;&d; tcsKyfcef;rQomNzpfonf/
oHwdkifrsm; um&Hxm;aomfvnf; awmf&kHwef&kH tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;wpfa,muftzdkY tvG,fwul
xdk;azmufxGufoGm;Edkifonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfvdk yxrwef;okdif;orm;wpfa,muftzdkY qdkzG,f&mr&Sdawmh/
okdY&mwGif &SD;xifcsdwfrSm xdktcsKyfcef;rS vGwfaNrmufatmif xdk;azmufxGufoGm;EkdifNcif; r&SdcJhay/
ol U wuk d , f v k H ; t&d k ; tqpf r sm;onf csnf h e J Y aysmh a cG o vd k N zpf u m vl r S m vnf ; rvI y f & S m ;Ed k i f b J
tcsKyf c ef ; axmif h w G i f acG a cG a v;om vJ a vsmif ; ae&onf / pm;csd e f a omuf c sd e f w G i f tapmif h u yg;pyf x J
vmxdk;xnfhay;aom xrif;qkyfESifh pm;aomufzG,f&mrsmudk r0a&pmom 0g;rsKdpm;aomufae&&Smonf/
xdktcsKyfcef;xJwGif tNcm;tusOf;om;q,fOD;cefYvnf; &Sdonf/ xdktusOf;om;rsm;rSmvnf; olUuJhokdYyif
aysmhacGíaeMuay&m wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; pum;yif raNymNzpfcJhMuay/
371
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
waeUwGif vlMurf;MuD;ESpfa,muf tcsKyfcef;xJ0ifa&mufvmMuNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudkcyfMurf;Murf;yif
qGJ,lac:xkwfoGm;onf/
xdkolawG rnfolrnf0gNzpfaMumif; olrod/
rdrdukd b,fae&modkYac:oGm;onfudkvnf; rawG;wwf/
wukd,fvkH; aysmhacGaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm bmrQrwwfom/ xdkvlMurf;MuD;ESpfa,muf qGJac:oGm;&m
aemufokdYom vdkufygoGm;&avawmhonf/
xdkvlMurf;MuD;ESpfa,mufu olUudktcef;us,fwpfckxJokdY ac:oGm;onf/ tcef;us,fxJokdYa&mufonfESifh
Murf;Nyifay:okdY cyfMurf;Murf;ypfcsvkdufMuonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfrSm Murf;Nyifay:wGif zGJtdwfwpftdwfvdk ykHvsufom;
usoGm;&avonf/
]]a[haumifav; ... igaNymwmudk aumif;aumif;rGefrGef em;axmif&if rif;tzkdYaumif;r,f? r[kwf&ifawmh
rif; aumif;aumif; 'ku©awGU&NyDomrSwf}}
vlwpfa,muf\aNymMum;oHudk &SD;xifcsdwfMum;&onf/
olUpdwfxJwGif xdkpum;oHudk Mum;zl;ovdkvdk&Sdonf/
xdkYaMumifh tm;cJNyD; acgif;udk tomarmfhMunfhvdkuf&m olUa&SUwGif rm;rm;MuD;&yfaeaom vdauG[Gmudk
awGU&onf/
vdauG[mG udk ,ckvt kd aNctaersK;d ESihf awGU&rnf[rk xifc/hJ wdrv
f mT &Jwu
kd t
f ay: opömazmufvrd rhf nf[v k nf;
rawG;rdcJh/
ausmcsrS"m;NyrSef;od qdkouJhokdY ,ckrSyif vdauG[Gmonf opömazmufvl,kwfrmwpfa,muf NzpfaMumif;
od&avawmhonf/
]][if ... cif ... cifAsm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf wthHwMoyif a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
]]rif;u ighudkrSwfrdao;om;yJudk;? uJa[h ... 'Daumifhudk pma&;wJhpkwfwH ay;vkdufprf;}}
vdauG[Gmu trdefYay;vkduf&m vlwpfa,mufu &SD;xifcsdwfxHokdY pma&;onfhpkwfwHwpfck urf;ay;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aysmhacGaeonfNzpf&m xdkpkwfwHudk vSrf;,lEdkifNcif; r&Sday/
xdktcsdefwGif tNcm;vlwpfa,mufu vdauG[Gm\ em;em;okdYuyfum wpkHw&maNymvkdufonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfom;yJ? olUudkt&dk;aysmh tqdyfaq;wdkufauR;xm;wmqdkawmh aNcawGvufawG b,fvdkvkyf
vIyf&Sm;EdkifrSmvJ? uJ uJ a&mh ... aNzaq;wdkufvdkuf}}
vdauG[Gmu aq;vkH;wpfvkH; xkwfay;onf/
vlwpfa,muf aq;vkH;udk,lNyD; &SD;xifcsdwftem;odkY csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
]]aNzaq;rwdkufcif olUudk MudK;eJYwkyf&OD;rvm; q&mMuD;}}
tem;&Sd vlwpfa,mufu vdauG[Gmudk owday;aNymqdkonf/
]]aeygapuGm? MudK;vJrwkyfeJY? taMumvJrydwfeJY? 'Dae&mudk a&mufaerSawmh 'DaumifbmrSrwwfEdkifygbl;}}
vdauG[Gmu xdkodkYaNymvdkufonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfudk rnfokdYrQrNyKMuawmhbJ aNzaq;udkom
wdkufauR;vdkufMuonf/
aNzaq;aomufNyD;aemuf rMumrDrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwf\ t&dk;tqpfrsm;aysmhum tm;enf;aeonfha0'em
yaysmufoGm;NyD; vJusae&mrS aigufceJ x&yfvmEdkifcJhonf/
]]a&mh ... ,l}}
vl w pf a ,muf u vuf x J u d k p ma&;onf h pk w f w H w pf c k xnf h a y;onf / &S D ; xif c sd w f xd k p k w f w H u d k
tom,lxm;vdkufonf/
]]'Dae&mrSm vufrSwfxdk;prf;}}
vdauG[Gmu pm&Gufwpfckudk &SD;xifcsdwf\a&SUwGif xdk;NyNyD;aNymonf/ pm&GufrSm NzefYxm;Ncif;r&Sd/
pmrsm;a&;xm;onfhae&mudk tomacgufxm;um vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnfh ae&mudkom zGifhNyxm;onf/ odkYNzpfí
pm&Gufay:wGif bmtaMumif;t&mawG a&;xm;onfudk rodEdkif? rNrifEdkifay/
372
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vufxJwGifpma&;onfh pkwfwHudkudkifxm;aomfvnf; pm&Gufay:wGif vufrSwfa&;xdk;Ncif;
rNyKay/
aemuf b uf w G i f & S d a eaom vl w pf a ,muf u &S D ; xif c sd w f \ aemuf a usmud k vuf 0 g;Nzif h
cyfMurf;Murf;wcsuf&dkufvdkufNyD; ...
]][dwfaumif ... vufrSwfxdk;av}}
]]rxdk;Edkifbl;Asm? bmNzpfvdkYxdk;&rSmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu cyfwif;wif;yif NyefaNymonf/
]]awmuf ... aumif;aumif;aNymaewm r&bl;}}
xdkolu a&&GwfMudrf;armif;&if; &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufausmudk vuf0g;Nzifhxyf&dkufcsNyefonf/
onfwcsD&dkufcsufu tawmfNyif;onf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf aNzaq;aomuf&onfhtwGuf t&dk;aysmh
tqdyfaq;\'Pf tawmfaNyoGm;aomfvnf; aumif;pGm tiftm;Nynfh0Ncif; r&Sdao;ay/
xdkYaMumifh Nyif;xefaom&dkufcsufudk awmifhrcHEdkifbJ a&SUodkY,drf;,kdifum vJusoGm;onf/
xdkolu aNcaxmufNzifh vSdrfhuefNyefonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfrSm xdkolueforQ tvl;tvSdrfhyif cHae&onf/
]]b,fvdkvJ vufrSwfxdk;rvm;}}
av;ig;q,fywf vdrfhoGm;atmif vSdrfhuefNyD;aemuf xdkoluxyfar;Nyefonf/
]]rxdk;bl; rxdk;bl;? aoawmif rxdk;bl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; wif;wif;rmrmyif NyefaNzonf/
]]'Daumif w,facgif;rmygvm;? b,favmuf acgif;rmEdkifrvJvdkY od&atmif rif;wdkYqufNyD; qkH;rvdkufMu}}
vdauG[Gm trdefYay;NyD;aemuf tcef;xJrSxGufoGm;onf/
vlESpfa,mufu &SD;xifcsdwfudkcsKyfzrf;um vufNyefMudK;wkyfaESmifvkdufMuonf/ MudK;&Snfwpfacsmif;udk
&e,fwikd wf iG wf vJG u
JG saeatmif NyKvkyNf yD; MudK;pudk &S;D xifcswd \f vufNyefMudK;wkyx f m;aom MudK;rsm;Mum;xd;k oGi;f vsuf
tay:odkYaqmifhqGJwifvdkufMuonf/
xdktcgwGif &SD;xifcsdwf\udk,fcE¨mrSmvnf; tay:okdYaNrmufMuGwufoGm;avawmh\/
]]aumifav; ... rif;udk aemufqkH;ar;wJh taeeJYar;r,f? vufrSwfxdk;rSmvm;}}
apmapmu uefausmufESdyfpufcJholu ar;Nyefonf/
]]rxdk;bl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; Nywfom;pGm NyefaNzonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... iguvJ ausmufcJudkawmif a&xGufvmatmif vkyfEdkifwJhaumif? rif; b,favmuf
rmEdkifrvJqdkwm Munfh&ao;wmaygh}}
xdkolu aNymaNymqdkqdk usmyGwfudkqGJxkwfNyD; w&Trf;&Trf; &dkufESufavawmhonf/
vufNyefMudK;wkyfvsufNzifh &e,fwkdifwGif wGJvGJMuD;csdwfqGJcHae&ol &SD;xifcsdwfrSm usmyGwf&kdufcsuf'Pfudk
tvl;tvJyif cHae&onf/
usmyGwf&dkufol\ odkif;ynmpGrf;onf tawmfyifaumif;onf/ usmyGwf&dkufcsufwdkYonf taMumuGuf
ae&mrsm;udk ususeexdrd&m cH&csuf tvGefNyif;xefvSonf/
okdYaomf &SD;xifcsdwfu tenf;i,frQyif toHxGufnnf;nLNcif;rNyKbJ tHMudwfcHonf/
xdo k Ykd tHMudwu f m toHrxGub f J Nidrcf aH eonft h wGuf usmyGw&f u kd o
f rl mS rcHcsdrcHomNzpfNyD; ydík tm;xnfu h m
Nyif;xefpGm&dkufNyefonf/
aemufqkH;wGifawmh &SD;xifcsdwfrSm acgif;xJwGif rl;a0aemufusdum owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;avawmhonf/
owdvpfarhaNrmae&mrS &SD;xifcsdwfNyefowd&vmonf/
rdro d nf vufNyefMudK;wkyv f sufNzifh &e,fwidk w f iG f wGv
J MJG uD;&Sad eqJNzpfonfukd awGU&onf/ wuk, d v
f ;Hk vnf;
emusifudkufcJaeonf/
teD;0ef;usifudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkuf&m tcef;xJwGif rdrdrSty tNcm;rnfolrQ r&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/

373
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tcef;xJwGifvnf; arSmifrnf;wdwfqdwfaeonf/ vlaNcwdwfonfh noef;acgiftcsdefcefY&Sdrnf[k
&SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif rSef;qrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pdwfudkwnfNidrfatmifNyKNyD; twGif;tm;pkpnf;vnfywfMunfhonf/ twGif;tm;rsm;udk
aumif;pGmpkpnf;vnfywfEdkifaMumif; awGU&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tvGefyif 0rf;omtm;wufoGm;&onf/
odkif;orm;wpfa,muftzdkY twGif;'Pf&um twGif;tm;rsm; ysufNym;oGm;rnfudk taMumufqkH;Nzpfonf/
NyifyxdcdkufemusifrIrsm;udkum; rnfrQNyif;xefonfNzpfap trIrxm;ay/ twGif;tm; rysufNym;oa&GU Nyify
emusifrIrsm;udk aumifpGmcHEdkif&nf&Sdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf qufvufí twGif;tm;pkpnf;vnfywfavhusifhonf/
twGif;tm;udk pdwfwdkif;us vnfywfpkpnf;Edkifonfhtcg tm;pkdufí&kef;uefvdkuf&m wkyfaESmifxm;onfh
MudK;rsm;Nywfukefonf/
MudK;rsm;NywfoGm;onfESifh &SD;xifcsdwf\udk,fcE¨mrSm Murf;Nyifay: ]0kef;ueJ} usoGm;onf/
wkyaf ESmifxm;aom MudK;rsm;udNk ywfatmif &ke;f uef&mwGif twGi;f tm;udk tNynfph u
dk x
f nfo h ;Hk xm;&aomaMumifh
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm atmufokdYusaomtcg [efcsufudkrxdef;EdkifbJ toHNrnfoGm;cJhNcif;Nzpfayonf/
toHrS bmrQr[kwfaomfvnf; wdwfqdwfaeonfh ntcgNzpfaomaMumifh tawmfav;us,fonf/
tcef;tNyifbuf&Sd tapmifhESpfa,muf Mum;oGm;onf/ wHcg;udkzGifhum tcef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
tcef;wHcg;yGifhoGm;onfudk Nrif&onfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf Murf;Nyifay:wGifvSdrfhum ab;em;ususokdY
toma&Smifvdkufonf/
tapmifhESpfa,mufvnf; tcef;xJokdY taNy;yif0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
]][m ... [kdaumifav; r&Sdawmhbl;}}
tapmifhwpfa,mufu Nywfusaeaom MudK;udkMunfhNyD; wtHhwMo a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfonf tapmifhESpfa,muftem;odkY vSpfceJa&mufvmum oGufvufNrefqefpGm
vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufvdkufonf/
tapmifhESpfa,mufrSm tidkufrdoGm;onfhtNyif &SD;xifcsdwf\wkdufckdufrIuvnf; tvGefNrefvSonfhtwGuf
rnfokdYrQckcHwdkufckdufNcif; rNyKEdkifMu/ ESpfa,mufvkH; vJusoGm;Muawmh\/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf tapmif h w pf a ,muf \ t0wf t pm;rsm;ud k c Rwf u m rd r d \ t0wf t pm;rsm;ES i f h
vJvS,f0wfqifonf/
xdkYaemuf tcef;tNyifokdY tomxGufvmcJhonf/
tcef;tNyifbufwGif pm;yGJ0dkif;ykav;wpfck&SdNyD; pm;yGJay:wGif t&ufwpfykvif;? MuufaMumf wpfyef;uefESifh
zefcGufESpfck&Sdaeonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfonf t&ufwpfcGuf iSJYaomufum MuufaMumfrsm;udk tukeftpif pm;aomuf
ypfvdkufonf/
r0a&pm pm;aomufcJh&onfh [maeaom0rf;Adkuf NynfhoGm;avNyD/
pm;aomufNyD;aemuf a&SUwGifawGU&aom pMuøvrf;wpfcktwdkif; cyfwnfwnfESifhavQmufvmcJhonf/
b,fae&mudk oGm;&rnfudkawmh rod/
aNcOD;wnfh&mudkom avQmufvSrf;cJhNcif; Nzpfonf/
xdkokdY avQmufvSrf;vm&if; teD;0ef;usifudk aoaocsmcsm tuJcwfMunfhonf/ þae&m þ0ef;usifonf
olUtzkdY wu,fhudkpdrf;aeonf/ wcgrQyif awGUzl;Nrifzl;cJhaom ywf0ef;usifrsKd;r[kwfay/
rdrad &mufaeonfah e&monf rnfonfah e&mrsKd;NzpfonfqNkd cif;udk &S;D xifcsdwrf oday/ wdrv f mT &Jwu dk t
f wGi;f ü
r[kwfonfuawmh aocsmonf/ wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ twGif;tNyif 0ef;usiftaetxm;udk olaumif;pGmodonf/
aumif;aumif;vnf; rSwfrdonf/
]][dwf ... &yf? b,folvJ}}
pMuøvrf;csKd;wauGUodkY a&mufaomtcg &kwfw&uf atmf[pf[efYwm;oHESifhtwl tapmifhokdif;orm;
wpfa,muf &SD;xifcsdwf\a&SUwGif &kwfw&ufay:vmonf/
374
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf wkYHqdkif;rae/
EIwfNzifhNyefvnfaNzMum;Ncif; rNyKbJ vufNzifhom NyeftaNzay;vdkufonf/
]]zkef; ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwf &dkufxkwfvdkufaom twGif;tm;tNynfhygonfh vuf0g;&dkufcsufu qD;MudK[efYwm;ol
tapmifhokdif;orm;\ &if0wnfhwnfhudkxdrdonf/
tapmifhodkif;orm;rSm wcsufomatmfEdkifNyD; acGvJusoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf qufvufxGufoGm;rnftNyKwGif atmf[pfoHrsm;ESifhtwl vufeufudk,fpDudkifxm;aom
odkif;orm;aNcmufa,muf taNy;a&mufvmMuNyefonf/
]]0dkif;xm;}}
]]rvGwfapeJY}}
]]'Daumifhudktrdzrf;}}
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf xd k v l p k u d k qD ; Mud K &if q d k i f wd k u f c k d u f r nf N yif a o;onf / od k Y aomf þvl p k u d k
&ifqdkifwkdufckdufaeqJwGif tNcm;&efolrsm;yg pk&kH;a&muf&SdvmygvQif rdrdtzdkY tusOf;tusyfawGUEdkifaMumif;
awG;rdaomaMumifh &ifqdkifwdkufckdufNcif; rNyKawmhbJ wzufokdYxGufaNy;vmcJhonf/
xdkvlpkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwf\aemufbufrS atmf[pfNimoHay;um taNy;yifvdkufvmMuonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f a Ny;vmom pMuø v rf ; onf apmapmupMuø v rf ; xuf yd k u sOf ; aNrmif ; onf / od k Y a omf
wnfaqmufxm;ykHuawmhydkí txufwef;usum crf;em;onf/
pMuøvrf;onf xGufaygufwpfckodkY a&SU&Iaeonf/ xdkvrf;twdkif;aNy;vmaom &SD;xifcsdwfvnf;
xdkxGufaygufokdYa&mufvmonf/
olUaemufbufrS vkdufvmMuolrsm;rSm ydkí rsm;vmonf/ aemufokdYvSnfhrMunfhaomfvnf; Mum;ae&aom
aNcoHrsm;t& vlq,fa,mufxufrenf; &SdaeaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwfodonf/
þae&monf rnfonfhae&mNzpfonfudk ,ckxufxd olrodao;/ &efolYe,faNr NzpfaeonfuawmhtrSef/
rdrduruRrf;aom &efolUe,faNrwGif vltiftm;rsm;Nym;vSonfh wzuf&efolrsm;udk twdtvif;
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkufvQif rdrdtzdkY aumif;usKd;xufqdk;usKd;om NzpfEdkifonf/
onfvkdtaNctaewGif tvGwf&kef;um xGufaNy;onfu taumif;qkH;NzpfaMumif;vnf; olawG;rdonf/
xdkYaMumifh wkYHqkdif;raeawmhbJ pMuøvrf;tqkH;wGif &SdaeonfhxGufaygufodkY twif;yifaNy;0ifvkduf\/
]]*sdrf; ...}}
]]0kef; ...}}
us,favmifaom toHNrnfNyD;aemuf xdktaygufonf &kwfw&ufydwfoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm 0ifaygufxGufaygufwpfckwnf;om&Sdonfh tcef;xJodkY a&muf&SdoGm;awmhonf/
0ifvmcJhonfh taygufvnf; ydwfoGm;NyD/ usefokH;bufokH;wefuvnf; tkwfeH&HawGcsnf;om/
avSmiftdrfxJoGif;um aomhcwfydwfqdkYNcif; cH&onfh om;aumifozG,f NzpfoGm;&avNyDwum;/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;b,fudkrS vGwfxGufraNy;Edkifawmhygbl;}}
tcef;tNyifbufrS auseyftm;&pGm &,farmaNymqdkvdkufoHudk &SD;xifcsdwfMum;&onf/
]]awmuf ... vufpowfawmh ighudkolwdkYu axmifacsmufqifNyD; tydkifzrf;vdkufwmudk;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf pdwfxJrS rausreyfyif a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
tcef;xJwGif 0dk;w0g; tvif;a&mifav;om &Sdaeonf/
tcef ; wH c g; yd w f r oG m ;rD u rl tvif ; a&mif t enf ; i,f & S d a ecJ h & m tcef ; \ok H ; buf o k H ; wef w G i f
tayguf[lír&SdbJ tvkHydwfeH&Hrsm;NzpfaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf odcJh&onf/
taygufydwfoGm;NyD;aemuf 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifom &Sdavawmh&m yxrwGifbmudkrQ rNrifEdkifawmhatmif
NzpfoGm;onf/
tcef;xJwGif bmawG&SdrnfrSef;vnf; rodaomaMumifh rvIyf&Sm;0Hhao;bJ a&muf&mae&mwGif tomNidrfí
&yfae&onf/
375
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tcsdeftenf;i,fMumNyD; 0dk;w0g; tvif;a&mifwGif rsufpdusifhom;&vmawmhrS tcef;xJ&Sd ypönf;rsm;udk
cyf0g;0g; awGUNrifvm&onf/
tcef;onf tawmfyifaumif;rGefom;em;aom txufwef;pm; tcef;wpfckNzpfonf/ pm;yGJ? xdkifckH? ckwif?
tdyf&mrsm; NynfhNynfhpkHpkH &Sdonf/
tdyf&may:wGif cif;xm;onfharGY&muvnf; taumif;pm;zJarGU&mMuD; Nzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyiftawG;&cufoGm;onf/
tpydkif;u þae&monf tvkHydwftusOf;cef; Nzpfrnf[kxifcJhonf/
,ck Nrif&onfh tqiftNyifu tusOf;cef;ESifh vkH;0rwl/ okdYaomf tcef;uawmh 0ifaygufxGufayguf
wpfckwnf;om&Sdonf/ tvkHydwftcef;wpfck Nzpfaeonf/
]]tdkav ... bmyJNzpfNzpf 'DckwifMuD;ay:rSm wuftdyftem;,lNyD; apmifhaevdkufr,f? oif;wdkY tcef;wHcg;udk
'Dtwdkif;MuD; ydwfrxm;Edkifygbl;? ightaNctaeudk Munfh&atmif wHcg;zGifhNyD; 0ifvmMunfhMurSmyJ? tJ'DawmhrS
tcGifhaumif;&SmNyD; wdkufckdufxdk;azmufxGufwmaygh}}
þokdY pOf;pm;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf ckwifMuD;ay:odkYckefwufum tm;&yg;&yif vJavsmif;tdyfcs
vdkufavonf/
xdkokdY tdyfcsvdkufonfESifh ... /
&SD;xifcsdwf wuftdyfcsvdkufonfESifh ckwifMuD;onf odrfhceJwcsuf vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
xdkokdY vIyf&Sm;NyD;aemuf atmufbufokdY wrk[kwfcsif;yif edrfhqif;usoGm;awmhonf/
]]a[m ... igawmhrSm;NyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwf EIwfrSvTwfceJ a&&Gwfvdkufum ckwifatmufokdY Nyefqif;&ef MudK;yrf;ao;onf/
r&awmh/
aemufusoGm;cJhNyD/
t&SdefNzifhedrfhusoGm;aom ckwifMuD;onf atmufaNcbufokdYyif a&muf&SdoGm;avNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/
tvif;a&mif odyrf aumif;aomfvnf; arSmifxw J iG f usifo
h m;&aeNyDNzpfaom olYrsufv;Hk rsm;u ywf0ef;usifukd
0g;0g; NrifEdkifawGUEdkifonf/
xdkae&monf aNratmufcef;wpfck Nzpf[efwlonf/
t&dk;aysmh tqdyfaq;wdkufum zrf;qD;cH&NyD;aemuf yxrydkif;wGif tcsKyftaESmifcH&aom aNratmuf
tcsKyfcef;xJudk Nyefa&mufvm&avNyDvm;[k pdwfxJwGifvnf; awG;vdkufrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf ckwifay:rSatmufodkY ckefqif;vdkufonf/
xdo k Ydk ckeq
f if;vdu
k o
f nfEiS hf ckwifMuD;onf tay:odYk NyefaNrmufwufomG ;um ]*sdr;f } ceJ toHukd Mum;&onf/
ckwifMuD; rlvae&mokdY Nyefa&mufoGm;NyDNzpfaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwfodvdkufonf/
]]iguawmh tckrS &efolUaxmifacsmufxJudk wu,fwdk;0ifrdNyDeJY wlw,f}}
tcef;xJwGif vdkufvHMunfh&I&m pm;yGJwpfckudk awGU&onf/
pm;yGJay:wGif qDrD;cGufwpfvkH;? za,mif;wdkifMuD;okH;wkdifESifh rD;cwfausmufwpfckwdkY &Sdaeonf/
]]tvdk ... b,fvkdvJ[? 'Dvdk qDrD;cGufawG za,mif;wkdifawG&Sdaew,fqdk&if 'Dae&m[m tcsKyfcef;
[kwfyghrvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfpdwfxJwGif Za0Z0gNzpfoGm;onf/ tcef;u tcsKyfcef;ESifhrxl/
cyf0g;0g; awGUEdkifNrifEdkifaomfvnf; NrifuGif;u odyfraumif;aomaMumifh tcef;\taNctaeudk
NrifNrifxifxif odEdkif&eftwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf rD;cwfausmufNzifh rD;cwfNyD; qD;rD;cGufwGif rD;xGef;ndv § kdufonf/
rD;a&mifvif;vmonf/
tcef;\taNctaeudkvnf; vif;vif;csif;csif; xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Nrif&avNyD/
xdkokdYNrif&onfwGif &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY ydkí tHhMop&mNzpf&Nyefonf/
tcef;\ av;bufav;wef eH&Hrsm;wGif bmtaygufrQr&Sday/ tvkHydwfeH&Hrsm;om Nzpfonf/
376
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tvkHydwfeH&Hav;bufudk awGU&onfhtwGuf thHMordNcif;r[kwf/
xdkeH&Hav;bufay:wGif &Sdaeonfh yef;csDum;rsm;aMumifh tHhMooGm;&Ncif;yifwnf;/
yef;csu
D m;rsm;onf e*g;wpfaumif\ ykrH sm;csn;f Nzpfonf/ aq;eDNzifh wpfaMumif;qGJ cyf&iS ;f &Si;f a&;xm;onf/
yef;csDum;csyf toD;oD;wdkYwGif&Sdaeaom e*g;&kyfrsm;u toGiftNyiftaetxm; trsKd;rsKd;ESifh&Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tqifhNrifhokdif;orm;wpfa,mufNzpfonfh tm;avsmfpGm xdkyef;csDum;csyfrsm;xJrS
e*g;&kyfrsm;\ toGiftNyiftaetxm;rSm odkif;uGufokdif;[efykHpHrsm; NzpfaMumif;udk csufcsif;yifodvdkufonf/
wkYHqdkif;raeawmhbJ yef;csDum;rsm;xJwGif a&;xm;onfhe*g;&kyf\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;twdkif; odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;
upm;Munfhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tHhMooGm;&Nyefonf/
xdke*g;&kyfrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;rIodkif;uGufykHpHonf e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;ESifhqefYusifbuf oabmrsKd;
&SdaeaomaMumifhyif/
e*g;NzLu0draemtwGi;f tm;udk avhusifx h m;onfh &S;D xifcsdwo f nf xdyk ef;csDum;rsm;xJrS odik ;f uGuyf pHk rH sm;udk
vI y f & S m ;upm;&mwG i f twG i f ; tm;ud k od k i f ; uG u f v I y f & S m ;rI E S i f h vd k u f a vsmnD a xG N zpf a tmif Nznf h o G i f ; Ncif ;
rNyKEdkifbJ&Sdaeonf/
odUk twGuf odik ;f uGuv
f yI &f mS ;avhusirhf rI mS qm;rygonf[ h if;wpfcu G v f kd ayghysuyf suEf iS hf tHacsmí
f aeawmh\/
qDrD;cGufxJ&Sd qDrsm;ukefcef;um rD;cGufNidrf;oGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pdwfxJwGif rauseyfEdkifao;bJ za,mif;wdkifMuD;wpfwdkifudk rD;xGef;nd§NyD; eH&Hay:&Sd
yef;csDum;rsm;udkMunfhum qufvufí odkif;avhusifhupm;Nyefonf/
okdif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk NyKvkyfEdkifaomfvnf; twGif;tm;udk tH0ifcGifusNzpfatmif xnfhoGif;Ncif;
rNyKEdkifao;onfhtwGuf odkif;uGufrsm;onf ayghysufysufNzpfNrJ NzpfaeNyefonf/
za,mif;wdkifwpf0ufusKd;oGm;onfhwdkif eH&Hay:&Sd yef;csDum;rsm;xJrS okdif;uGufykHpHrsm;udk pdwfwdkif;us
vIyf&Sm;upm;EdkifNcif; r&Sdao;/
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyifpdwfysufvmonf/ wifysOfacGxdkifcsvsuf rdrdwGif b,fvdktrSm;uGufawGrsm;
&Sdaeonfudk qef;ppftaNz&SmMunfhonf/
wifysOfacGxdkifum pOf;pm;ae&if; aNcz0g;udkvufNzifh rodromyGwfrd&mrS aNcz0g;&SdrSJYeuf&SpfvkH;taMumif;
owd&vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf &kyfaNymif;0dZÆmaNrmufckefckef\ vufcsufNzifh twGif;'PfNyif;Nyif;xefxef&um
twGif;tm;rsm;pkpnf;r& NzpfcJhonf/ xdktcsdefu aNcz0g;rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk NydKifwlxdk;ESdyfNcif;Nzifh udk,fcE¨mtwGif;
wpfqdkYaeaom aoG;aMumuGufrsm; aNyyGifhukefum twGif;tm;rsm; Nyefvnfpkpnf; tokH;csEdkifcJhonf/
,ckvnf; taxmuftul wpkHw&m &vdk&Nim; prf;oyfonfhoabmNzifh rdrdaNcz0g;&Sd rSJUeuf&SpfvkH;udk
xdk;ESdyfMunfh&ef pdwful;rdonf/
pdwful;udk csufcsif;yif taumiftxnfazmfonf/
tcef ; xJ w G i f trsm;tNym;&S d a eaom ausmuf c J i ,f a v;rsm;xJ r S t&G , f t pm;wl n D N yD ;
okH;a`rSmifhoP²mefrsKd;&Sdonfh ausmufcJcRefav;&Spfckudk aoaocsmcsm a&G;cs,f,lvdkufonf/
xdkausmufcJi,fav;rsm;udk zdeif;csvQif aNcz0g;ay:&Sd rSJUeuf&SpfvkH;udk ausmufcRefrsm;Nzifh rdrd&&
xdk;axmufrdaeap&ef tcef;Murf;Nyifay:wGif ususeeae&mcsxm;onf/
xdkYaemuf aoaocsmcsm ae&mcsxm;aom ausmufcJav;rsm;ay:odkY rSJYeuf&SpfvkH; wdwdususa&mufaeatmif
csdefqNyD; aNcaxmufNzifhzdeif;csonf/
ausmufcJi,fav;rsm;ay:odkY rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk ususee zdeif;csvdkufrdonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwf\ udk,fcE¨¨mxJ&Sd
aoG;aMumuGuftoD;oD;wGif aoG;vnfywfrI tvGefaumif;rGefum wudk,fvkH;aEG;axG;vsuf twGif;tm;rsm;rSmvnf;
&kwfw&uf wdk;yGm;vmonf/
xdkokdY NzpfoGm;csdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfonf yef;csDum;csyfwpfckay:&Sd odkif;uGufykHpHtwkdif; vIyf&Sm;
upm;Munfhonf/
377
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkokdif;uGufonf e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufESifh qefYusifbufoabmrsKd; &Sdaeonfhodkif;uGufNzpfonf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufu twGif;tm;udk udk,fcE¨mtay:ykdif; tESHYNzefYum ydkYay;&aomfvnf; xdkokdif;uGufuawmh
udk,fcE¨matmufydkif;wGif pkpnf;ay;&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY ,cifu xdkodkif;uGufudk vIyf&m;upm;&mwGif twGif;tm;udk rQwvdkufavsmatmif
rpkpnf;EdkifaomaMumifh odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;rI rSefuefaomfvnf; pdwfwdkif;us tm;tifpGrf;&nf xnfhrokH;EdkifcJh/
,ck t cgwG i f r l ud k , f c E¨ m twG i f ; aoG ; vnf y wf r I t xl ; yif a umif ; rG e f u m twG i f ; tm;uvnf ;
ol U bmomtvd k u f o if h pk p nf ; vI y f & S m ;oG m ;oNzif h od k i f ; uG u f v I y f & S m ;rI o nf tvG e f y if tm;tif p G r f ; &nf
Nynfh0oGm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf wkYHqdkif;rae/ tNcm; yef;csDum;csyfrsm;ay:rS odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;ykHrsm;udkvnf; qufwkdufyif
avhusifhupm;avawmhonf/
onfwpfMudrfwGif bmvdktyfcsufrQ r&Sdawmh/
twGif;tm;udk oifhwifhvdkufavsmpGm tokH;csEdkifovdk odkif;uGufpGrf;&nfrsm;uvnf; tvGefyif
Nynhf0xufNrufvmonf/
yef;csDum;csyfay:&Sd odkif;uGufrsm;udk tNyeftvSefavhusifh upm;EdkifNyD;aomtcgwGif xdkodkif;uGufwdkYonf
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;udk qefYusifonfh odkif;uGufrsm;r[kwfbJ e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;\ vkdtyfrIrsm;udk
uGufwdtm;Nznfh aygif;pnf;ay;Edkifonfh odkif;uGufrsm;NzpfaeaMumif; &SD;xifcsdwf xl;qef;pGm awGUodvm&Nyefonf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ynmonf yef;csDum;csyfay:&Sd odkif;uGufrsm;ESifh aygif;pyfwGJzufokH;aomtcg
ykí
d tpGr;f xufNrufvmonf/ yef;csDum;ay:&Sd odik ;f uGurf sm;rSmvnf; e*g;NzLu0draemodik ;f uGurf sm;ESihf wGo J ;Hk vQifyí
kd
tm;Nynfhvmonf/
þokYd twGt J pyfo;Hk pGrJ w
I Ykdukd ]e*g;NzLzdrk u0draemodik ;f } [k &S;D xifcsw d u f rdrb
d momrdrd trnfay;vdu k o f nf/
e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;wGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGuf&SdNyD; eH&Hay:&Sd yef;csDum;rsm;xJrS odkif;uGufrsm;rSmvnf;
q,fh&SpfuGufyif&Sd&m twGJtpyfodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGuftNzpf tvdkufoifhay:xGufvmonf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;uGufESifh aygif;pyftokH;cs&onfhokdif;uGufudk e*g;NzLzdkrodkif;uGuf trSwfwpf?
e*g;NzLaNravQmufodkif;uGufESifh tquftpyfrdrd yl;aygif;tokH;csrIudk e*g;NzLzdkrodkif;uGuf trSwfESpfponfNzifh
&SD;xifcsdwfu odkif;uGuftrSwfpOf q,fh&SpfuGuftNzpf owfrSwfrSnfhac:vdkufonf/
eH & H a y:&S d yef ; csD u m;csyf r sm;xJ r S od k i f ; uG u f r sm;ud k avh u sif h r I o nf awG ; xif x m;onf x uf y if
atmifNrifaeaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf tvGefyif0rf;omtm;wufum twGJtpyfodkif;uGufrsm;tNzpf
wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf qufvufavhusifh upm;aeonf/
xdkokdY tm;&yg;& avhusifhupm;ae&if;yif xGef;n§dxm;aom za,mif;wkdifrD; Nidrf;oGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf eH&Hay:&Sd yef;csDum;rsm;xJrS odkif;uGufokdif;[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk OD;aESmufxJwGif pGJaeatmif
rSwfrdod&Sdxm;NyD;Nzpf&m rD;a&mifr&Sdawmhaomfvnf; bmrQtaESmifht,SufrNzpf/
eH&aH y:&Sd yef;csDum;rsm;udk Munfph &mrvdak wmhbJ tm;enf;azsmhawmhvo S nfh 0d;k w0g; tvif;a&mifatmufwiG f
odkif;uGuftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk tNyefNyeftvSefvSef vIyf&Sm;upm;aeavawmhonf/
uHMur®mum; qef;Mu,fvS\/
&SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh wzuf&efolwdkY\ axmifacsmufxJ xdk;usydwfrdovdk &SdcJh&mrS xl;Ncm;qef;Nym;vSonfh
twGJtpyf odkif;uGufrsm;udkyif wwfaNrmufvmcJh&Nyefonf/
e*g;NzLzdkr u0draemodkif;[k rdrdbmom trnfay;xm;onfh twGJtpyfodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufudk
pdwfwdkif;us tNyeftvSefupm;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwf\acgif;xJwGif tawG;wrsKd;0ifvmonf/
þaNratmufcef;xJwGif yef;csDum;csyfrsm;tNyif tNcm;xl;Ncm;onfhypönf;rsm; &SdaeOD;rnfvm;/
xdkokdY tawG;0ifvmonfESifh odkif;avhusifhupm;aerIudk &yfwefYum za,mif;wdkifwpfwkdif xGef;ndv § suf
tcef;tESHYvdkufvH &SmazGMunfh&Ionf/
yef;csDum;csyfrsm;rSvGJí tNcm;xl;Ncm;csuf [lí bmudkrQrawGU&/

378
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY pdwfysufp&m taMumif;wpfckudkom awG;p&mNzpfvm\/ ,if;rSm tcef;xJü tpma&pm
r&Sdonfh tcsufyifNzpf\/
xl;qef;aomodkif;ynm&yfwpfckudk rarQmfvifhbJ wwfa`rSmufcJh&oNzifh yDwdNzpfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
þaNratmufcef; xJwGif tpma&pmr&SdEdkifaMumif; od&onfhtcg tawmfyifpdwfysufoGm;&onf/
olUtzdkY tpmiwfa&iwfNzpfrnfh ab;tEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqdkif&awmhrnf r[kwfygvm;/
]]'Dtcef;[m tcsKyfcef;wpfckawmh r[kwfEdkifbl;? 0ifvrf;xGufvrf;awmh &Sd&r,f}}
a,mufsm;wdkYvkHYv aocgrSavQmhqdkonfhtwdkif; &SD;xifcsdwfonf 0ifvrf;xGufvrf;udk vdkuf&SmNyefonf/
xdkokdYvkduf&Sm&if; za,mif;wdkifwpfwkdif ukefoGm;onf/
aemufqkH;usefaeonfh za,mif;wkdifudk xGef;ndv § dkufonf/
xdkYaemuf wcef;vkH; wvufrrQyif rusef&atmif vdkufvHppfaq;Munfhonf/
0ifvrf;xGufvrf; vkH;0rawGU&/
olUtwGuf arQmfvifhcsufrsm; ukefqkH;&awmhrnfh taNctaersKd; qdkufa&mufaeavNyD/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf za,mif;wdkifudkudkifum ai;idkifaerdonf/
þza,mif;wkid f ukeo f mG ;NyD;vQif tvif;a&mifvnf; aysmufawmhrnf/ xyfxeG ;f p&m za,mif;wdik rf useaf wmh/
0dk;w0g; tvif;a&mifom&Sdonfh xl;qef;aom aNratmufcef;xJwGif ydwfavSmifcH&onfh tusOf;om;b0rsKd;
a&mufawmhrnf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f o nf od k i f ; ynmpG r f ; &nf Nrif h r m;ol N zpf a omf v nf ; tpmiwf a &iwf o nf h ' Pf u d k a wmh
Mum&SnfcHEdkifrnfr[kwf/
aemufqkH;wGif tpmiwfa&iwfum aoyGJ0if&rnfhtaNcokdYyif qdkufa&mufoGm;Edkifonf/
bmqufvkyf&rnfenf;/
xkdae&mrS b,fvdkvkyf xGuf&ygrnfenf;/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf wNznf;Nznf; avmifNrdKufukefqkH;aeaom za,mif;wdkifudkudkifum tidkifom;&yfvsuf
bmvkyf&rnfrSef;rod Nzpfaeavawmhonf/
vdcsrfvlESifh wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;\ taNctae rnfokdY&Sdrnfenf;[kvnf; olawG;vkdufrdNyefonf/

379
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (35)
vdcsrfvlOD;aqmifaom wdrfvTm&Jwdkufonf tEÅ&m,ftusyftwnf;ESifh &ifqdkifvIyf&Sm;ae&onf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;Nzpfygonf[k rdrdwdkYudk,frdrdwdkY trnfwyfxm;onfh odkif;orm;rsm;onf
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk rdrdwdkYvufatmufcH Nzpfvmapa&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;MudK;yrf;Muonf/
yxrwGif trsKd;rsKd;vSnfhywfum aNymqdkem;csonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS wif;wif;rmrm Niif;qefaomtcg tMurf;zuf pD;eif;odrf;ydkuf&ef MudK;yrf;Muonf/
vdcsrfvl? &Jwdkufrª;MuD;vdcRefvef? 'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvef? 0g&ifhokdif;orm;MuD; uef;,daygifwkdY
OD;aqmifum wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;u nDnGwfpGmckcHMuonf/
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGm &Gyf&GyfcRHcRH ckcHMuonfhtwGuf wzuf&efolrsm;\ pD;eif;wdkufckdufrI atmifNrifNcif;r&SdbJ
wyfvefqkwfcGmoGm;Mu&onf/
þwGif wzuf&efolrsm;u Ncdrf;aNcmuftusyfudkifonfhenf;vrf;udk okH;vmMuNyefonf/
pD;eif;wdkufckdufrI ratmifNrifbJ ta&;edrfhqkwfcGmcJh&NyD; aemufwaeYwGif wzuf&efolrsm;onf
wd r f v T m &J w d k u f \ ocif M uD ; vd a &S m uf a 0ud k vuf N yef M ud K ;wk y f u m Nrif ; ay:wif v suf &J w d k u f a y:&S d v l r sm;
NrifEdkifavmufonfh ae&mtxd ac:vmMuonf/
xdktcsdefwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;\ t0iftxGufwHcg;rsm; tukefydwfxm;NyD; &Jwdkuf\wHwdkif;rsm;ay:wGif
odkif;orm;rsm; tvSnfhus apmifhMuyfaeMuonf/ usefvlrsm;uvnf; vdktyfvQif csufcsif; wdkufyGJqifEdkif&ef toifh
taetxm;Nzifh &SdaeMuonf/
380
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
vda&Smufa0udk MudK;Nzifhwkyfum ac:aqmifvmaMumif; awGU&onfESifh uif;wm0efrª;onf vdcsrfvlxHokdY
csufcsif;yif tusKd;taMumif; owif;ydkYvkdufonf/
vdcsrfvlonf vdcRefvef? uef;,daygifwdkYESifhtwl &Jwdkuf\ arQmfpifxufokdY csufcsif;a&mufvmonf/
wzufvlrsm;vufxJwGif MudK;wkyfvsufom;Nzifh &Sdaeonfh vda&Smufa0udk Nrif&aomtcg vdcsrfvlrSm
txl;yifpdwfxdckdufoGm;&onf/
]]cufawmhwmyJ&Sif? b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}}
vdcsrfvu l vdcRefvefwYkd buf vSnMhf unfu h m ido
k yH gMuD;ESihf aNymonf/ rde;f rom;vnf;Nzpf? rsufpad &SUwGiyf if
zcif\tNzpfqdk;udk Nrif&aomtcg vdcsrfvl MuH&mr&awmh/
xd k t csd e f r S m yif vd a &S m if a 0\ab;em;wG i f rm;rm;MuD ; &yf a eonf h tnd K a&mif 0 wf p k H 0 wf
axmifaxmifarmif;armif; vlMuD;wpfa,mufu toHus,fus,fESifh atmfaNymonf/
]]a[h ... &JwkdufuvlawG? rif;wkdY&JU ocifMuD;vda&Smufa0 igwdkYvufxJa&mufaewm awGUw,fr[kwfvm;?
vda&Smufa0 toufraoapcsif&if tckcsufcsif;vufeufcs ... 'gyJ}}
vdcsrfvlrSm &kwfw&uf bmvkyf&rnfrSef; rodawmhatmif NzpfoGm;&onf/
MuH&nfzef&nf tawmftoif&h adS omfvnf; toufi,f&, G f Eke,fao;ovdk tawGUtMuKHvnf; odyrf &ifu h suf
ao;oNzifh pkd;&drfylyefpdwfuom MuD;pdk;aeonf/
rdr\d zcif &efoUl vufoYdk a&mufaeonfukd rsuf0g;xifxifawGU&aomtcg tvGeyf if pdwv f yI &f mS ;vmonf/
pdwfwnfNidrfrI r&Sdawmh/
þwGif qifNcifpOf;pm; qkH;NzwfEdkifrIvnf; rxufNrufawmh/
]]uJ ... wpfuae wpfq,ftxda&r,f? wpfq,fNynfhvkdYrS igwdkYawmif;qdkwmudk rvdkufavsmbl;
qdk&ifvda&Smufa0&JU toufeJYudk,f tdk;pm;uGJNyDom rSwfayawmh}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH 0wfxm;onfh axmifaxmifarmif;armif; vlMuD;u Ncdrf;aNcmufaNymqdkNyefonf/
wzuf&efolu tn§mudk rdrd&&udkifxm;ay&m wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;onf rnfokdYrQ
vufwkHYrNyef&Jawmhatmif Nzpfaeonf/
]]taNctaeuawmh odyfudkta&;MuD;aeNyD? enf;enf;av;wdrf;apmif;cRwfacsmfwmeJY tm;vkH;'ku©
a&mufoGm;Ekdifygw,f ocifrav;}}
uef;,daygifu vdcsrfvludkowday;onf/ aqmufwnf&mr&Nzpfaeaom vdcsrfvl onfawmhrS
owd0ifvmonf/
]][kwfygw,f&Sif? uRefrawmh acgif;rD;awmufovdk NzpfaeNyD? b,fvdkvkyf&rSef;awmif rodawmhygbl;?
tMuHaumif; ÓPfaumif;&Sd&if ay;MuygOD;}}
vdcsrfvlu &dk;om;yGifhvif;pGm NyefaNymonf/
]]olwdkYu tn§mudkudkifNyD; Ncdrf;aNcmufaewmqdkawmh wif;wif;rmrm aNymqdkaevdkY roifhbl;? pum;y&d,m,f
aumif;aumif;eJY tcsdefqGJxm;wm taumif;qkH;yJ}}
,ef,dvifu tMuHay;onf/
]]'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD;aNymwJhtMuH aumif;ygw,f? 'DtMuHudk 'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD;uyJ qufNyD; taumiftxnfazmfyg}}
vdcsrfvlu oabmwlcGifhNyKcsufay;vdkufonf/
]]'gqdk&if usKyfudkMudK;eJYqdkif;NyD; &Jwdkuf tNyifbufudkcsay;yg}}
,ef,dvifonf wzuf&efolrsm;ESifh awGUqkHaNymqdk&eftwGuf &JwdkuftNyifokdYxGuf&ayrnf/
ydwfxm;aom &JwdkufwHcg;wpfckckzGifhNyD;xGufvQif wHcg;yGifhoGm;csdefudk tcGifhaumif;,lum wzuf&efolrsm;
twif;0ifa&mufpD;eif; wkdufckdufvmrnfhtEÅ&m,f &SdaeaomaMumifh &JwdkuftNyifbufokdY MudK;Nzifh qGJcs
ay;ckdif;Ncif;Nzpfonf/
vda&Smufa0udk MudK;NzifhwkyfaESmifum &Jwdkufay:rSvlrsm; NrifEdkifavmufonfhae&mtxd ac:vmNyD;
Ncdrf;aNcmufaNymqdkaeMuonf/ vlpkrSm pkpkaygif;udk;a,mufNzpfonf/
ckepfa,mufrSm tNzLa&mif0wfpkHrsm; qifwl0wfqifxm;MuNyD; aemufvkdufi,fom;rsm; Nzpf[efwlonf/
381
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh axmifaxmifarmif;armif; vlMuD;rSm xdkvlpk\acgif;aqmifNzpfykH&onf/
xdkYNyif tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;ol wpfa,mufvnf;ygao;onf/
xdkol\rsufESmrSm xltrf;trf;MuD;NzpfaeoNzifh &kyfzsufxm;aMumif; odomonf/
]]a[m ... 'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvif MudK;eJYqdkif;NyD; qif;vmNyD? bmrsm; ÓPfrsm;OD;r,f rodbl;}}
tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;olu tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh axmifaxmifarmif;armif;vlMuD;ukd
aNymvkdufonf/
]]usKyfwdkY&JUtMuHudk olwdkY&dyfrdoGm;MuNyDvm; rodbl;}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlMuD;u pdk;&drf[efNzifhaNymonf/
]]twdtusMuD;awmh &dyrf yd rHk &ygbl;? pum;av;bmav; enf;enf;yg;yg;vmaNym&if; usKyfwYkd &UJ taNctaeudk
tuJcwfzdkYMuHwmyJ NzpfrSmyg}}
]]'gqdk&if a[m'D vda&Smufa0twkMuD;udk ,ef,dvifeJY ay;tawGUcHvdkY Nzpfyghrvm;? tawGUomcHvkduf&if
usKyfwdkY&JUvSnfhuGufawG ay:ukefrSmaygh}}
]]odyfvJawG;ylraeygeJY? vda&Smufa0twkMuD;udk cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm qkwfxm;vdkuf&if NyD;wmygyJ? teD;uyf
ppfaq;rMunfh&if twkNzpfwmudk rodEdkifygbl;}}
]][m ... [kwfw,f [kwfw,f}}
tpd r f ; a&mif 0wf p k H 0 wf x m;ol o nf vd a &S m uf a 0toG i f ta,mif a qmif x m;ol u d k aemuf b uf
cyfvSrf;vSrf;odkYac:um qkwfoGm;onf/
tndKa&mif0wfp0Hk wfxm;onfh axmifaxmifarmif;armif;vlMuD;ESihf tNzLa&mif0wfp0Hk wfvcl ek pfa,mufwYkd om
rlvae&mwGif usefaecJhMuonf/
rMumcifrSmyif ,ef,dvifonf tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvltem;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]"av;pm;ygw,f 'k&Jwkdufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvif}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu wrifyif tvGefav;pm;onfhtoGifrsKd;NyKum t&kdtaoay;vdkufonf/
,ef,dvifuvnf; wkYHNyeft&dktaoay;vdkufNyD; ...
]][kwfuJh ... tckvdk MudKqdkwmudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? usKyfwkdY&JU &JwdkufocifMuD;eJY awGUyg&ap}}
]][k d aemuf b uf r S m &S d a ewm cif A sm;tNrif y J ? cif A sm;wd k Y e J Y usKyf w d k Y t ay;t,l w nf h & if ol U ud k
cifAsm;wdkYvufxnfhvdkufrSmyg? bmrS pdk;&drfraeygeJY}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu NyefaNymonf/
]]'Dvdk ta0;uvSrf;Munfh&&kHeJY b,fNzpfrSmvJ? tJ'g usKyfwdkY&JU&JwdkufocifMuD; tppf[kwfr[kwfawmh
tuJcwfMunfh&OD;rSmaygh? tJ'Dvdkaocsmatmif ppfaq;NyD;rS tay;t,lvkyfMuwmayghAsm}}
,ef,dvifonf taNymydkifolwpfa,muf Nzpfonf/ odkif;orm;rvkyfbJ ta&mif;t0,form;om
vkyfrnfqdkygu MuD;yGm;csrf;omrnf rvGJay/
]]cifAsm;wdkY&Jwdkuf vufeufcsr,f rcsbl;om aNymyg? vufeufcs&if vda&Smufa0udk touf&Sifvsuf
NyefvTwfay;r,f? r[kwf&ifawmh taoyJ}}
vd a &S m uf a 0twk M uD ; ud k teD ; uyf ppf a q;cG i f h r ay;vd k o nf h t wG u f tnd K a&mif 0 wf p k H E S i f h v l u
Ncdrf;aNcmufpum;udkom qdkonf/
]]usKyfwYkd &UJ ocifMuD; [kwrf [kwf teD;uyfrMunf&h bl;qd&k if tay;t,lpum;udk qufaNymzdYk rvdak wmhygbl;}}
]]cifAsm;u vda&Smufa0udk toufaoapcsif aevdkYvm;}}
]]'Dr,f usKyf&Sif;&Sif;yJaNymr,f? wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk tckacgif;aqmifaewJh ocifrav;vdcsrfvlu olUzcifaum
olUrdwfaqG&SD;xifcsdwfyg tckavmufqdk&if toufaoqkH;ukefMuNyDvdkY ,kHMunfaew,f? cifAsm;wdkYtckac:vmNyD;
Nywm[mvJ ta,mifaqmiftwk wpfa,mufyJvdkY xifaew,f}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSm temudk qm;NzifhtyufcH&ouJhokdY qwfceJwGefUoGm;onf/
rsufESmvnf; wcsufysufoGm;onf/

382
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csufcsif; £a`E´Nyefqnfvdkufaomfvnf; tuif;yg;aom ,ef,dvifurl xdkol\rsufESmtrlt&mudk
aumif;aumif;tuJzrf;rdvdkufonf/
]]tckudpöudk usKyfwdkY&JYacgif;aqmifq&mMuD; ydkifusifvkHudk NyefNyD;aNymqdkwifNyay;yghr,f? cifAsm;wdkY&JU
&JwdkufocifMuD; vda&Smufa0eJY &SD;xifcsdwfqdkwJh aumifav; touf&Sifvsuf &Sdaeao;w,fqdk&if cifAsm;wdkY
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu vufeufcsNyD; usKyfwdkYe*g;NzLa*[m vufatmufudk 0ifvmr,faygh[kwfvm;}}
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlu ar;onf/
]]tif; ... ocifMuD;vda&Smufa0eJY &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYtouf&Sifaeao;aMumif; tckdiftrmNyEdkif&ifawmh
ocifrav;vdcsrfvlu wrsKd;wzkHaNymif;vJ pOf;pm;aumif;pOf;pm;ygvdrhfr,f? 'gayr,fh cyf&Sif;&Sif;yJ aNymr,fAsm?
cifAsm;wdkYu 'Dwacgufvdk ta,mifaqmifNyD; vmvSnfhpm;MuOD;r,fqdk&ifawmh usKyfwdkYbufuvJ xdkufoifhovdk
vIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufMu&awmhrSmyJ? usKyfwdkY[m wdkufcdkuf&rSmudk rvdkvm;ayr,fh aMumufwwfwJhvlpm;awG
r[kwfbl;qdkwmudkawmh cifAsm;wdkY aumif;aumif;em;vnfxm;apcsifw,f}}
,ef,dvifu tndKa&mif 0wfpkH0wfxm;ol\rsufESmudk pl;pdkufMunfhum pum;wvkH;csif; aNymcsvdkufonf/
,ef,dvif\ pl;&SaomtMunfhESifh at;pufaomaNymqdkoHwdkYaMumifh e*dkuyif ta,mifaqmifvlNzifh
vma&mufvSnfhpm;í vdyfNymrvkHNzpfaeaom tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSm rdrdwdkY\ uvdefÓPfrsm;udk wzufrS
tukefodukefMuNyD[k awG;xifoGm;avawmhonf/
xd k Y N yif vd c srf v l u pd w f e memES i f h taotaMu wd k u f c k d u f & ef qk H ; Nzwf x m;onf q d k N cif ; ud k v nf ;
vufcH,kHMunfoGm;rdonf/
tu,fí rdrdwkdYu tMurf;zufwdkufckdufaeygu rdrdwdkYbufrS tawmfyiftxdemEdkifaMumif;vnf;
wGufqrdonf/
]]vda&Smufa0ESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY touf&Sifaeao;aMumif;od&&if cifAsm;wdkYocifrav; vdcsrfvlu
b,fvdkqkH;Nzwfr,fqdkwmudk usKyfwdkYodcsifw,f? 'Dawmh cifAsm;u vdcsrfvl&JUqkH;Nzwfcsufudk NyefvmaNymNyyg?
usKyfwdkY apmifhaer,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD ... apmifhcsif&ifvJ apmifhaeyg? uJ ... usKyfNyefvkdufOD;r,f}}
,ef,dvifonf xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf olapmapmu qif;cJhonfhae&modkY NyefavQmufoGm;onf/ &Jwdkuf
arQmfpifay:rS MudK;wpfacsmif;tvkdufoifhusvm&m ,ef,dvifvnf; xdkMudK;udkqGJí &Jwdkufay:odkY Nyefwuf
oGm;avawmhonf/
]]olwdkYac:vmNyD;Nywmu ocifMuD;vda&Smufa0 tppfr[kwfbl;? ta,mifaqmifxm;wJh twkMuD;yg? usKyfu
ocifMuD;eJY [dkarmif&ifav; &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY toufraoao;aMumif; tcdkiftvkHNyEdkifrS tay;t,lvkyfEdkifr,fvdkY
aNymcJhw,f? olwdkY ocifrav;&JU oabmxm;udk twdtus odcsifw,fvdkYaNymw,f? ocifrav;udk,fwkdif
aemufygtiftm; tNynft h pkEH iS hf olwYkdukd xGuaf wGUzdYk oifyh gw,f? 'Dvx kd uG af wGUwJt
h cg olwYkduakd NcmufveS Yf Eikd zf YkdtwGuf
y&d,m,fyg qifxm;&ygvdrfhr,f}}
&JwdkufarQmfpifxufokdY Nyefa&mufaomtcg ,ef,dvifu vdcsrfvltm; tusKd;taMumif;aNymNyNyD;
y&d,m,fqifvkyfaqmifoifhonfh udpörsm;udkyg tMuHay;onf/
]][m ... 'DtMuH odyfaumif;w,f? tJ'Dtwdkif;yJ vkyfr,f? vdktyfwmawG csufcsif;Nyifqif aqmif&Guf
Muayawmh}}
,ef,v d if\ tMuHay;csufukd vdcsrfvu l oabmwlvufcu H m csufcsif;aqmif&uG &f ef trdeYf ay;vdu k o f nf/
csuf c sif ; qd k o vd k y if wd r f v T m &J w d k u f & S d od k i f ; orm;taygif ; onf vk d t yf o nf r sm;ud k tNref q k H ;
vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifMuavawmhonf/
rMumrDrSmyif &JwdkufMuD;\ tkwfwHwdkif;txuf ol&Jckd ol&JaNy;ae&mrsm;ü "m;vSHvufeufrsm;
axmifvsufom; pDpD&D&Day:vmonf/ aea&mifwGif "m;a&mifvSHa&mifrsm;u wvufvufawmufaeonf/
wzuf&efolrsm;&Sd&mbufrS vSrf;MunfhvQif &JwdkufwHwdkif;bufwGif &yfaeMuolrsm;udk rNrifEdkifaomfvnf;
"m;a&mifvSHa&mifwvufvufudkum; aumif;pGmNrifEkdifawGUEdkifonf/

383
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ta0;rSMunfhvQif &JwkdufwHwdkif;xufwGif tiftm;okH;&meD;yg;&Sdrnfh odkif;orm;rsm; "m;vSHvufeufrsm;udk
udkifaqmifum pDwef;&yfaeMuonf[k rSef;qrdrnfNzpfayonf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;aom axmifaxmifarmif;armif;ESifh vlMuD;wdkYtkyfpkonf rlvae&mwGifyif
&Sdaeao;onf/
tndKa&mif0wfpkH0wfvlMuD;\ trnfrSm pGefudkYaNzmif;[kac:onf/ onfwacguf wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
vma&muf0ef;&Hwdkufckdufonfh odkif;orm;rsm;udk OD;pD;acgif;aqmifolvnf; Nzpfonf/
&kyfzsufxm;onfh tpdrf;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvlrSmrl wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;\ opömazmufvdauG[Gmudk,fwdkifyif
Nzpfonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;onf &JwdkufwHwdkif;xufwGif vltrsm;tNym;vufeufpGJudkifum &yfaeMuonfhtoGifNzifh
"m;a&mifvSHa&mifwvufvufNzpfaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg pdwfxJwGif vltiftm;okH;&mausmf&Sdrnf[k wGufrdNyD;
tawmfav;wkefvIyfoGm;onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &JwdkufwHcg;yGifhoGm;NyD; "m;vG,fukd,fpDudkifxm;onfh odkif;orm;wpf&mcefY aNcvSrf;rSefrSefNzifh
avQmufvSrf;xGufvmMuonf/
xd"k m;vGwu f ikd f odik ;f orm;rsm;onf vlig;q,fpyD g0ifaom tpkEpS pf ck v
JG suf &Jwu
kd rf x
S u G af om vrf;\0J,m
wzufwcsufpDwGif pDwef;&yfaevdkufMuonf/
tiftm;ig;q,fcefY&Sdaom av;onfawmfwpfpkuvnf; av;ESifhNrm;wdkYudk toifhNyifqifudkifpGJum
&JwdkufwHcg;0em;wGif ppfAsL[musus ae&m,lxm;vkdufMuonf/
&JwdkufwHcg;yGifhaeonfudk tcGifhaumif;,lum wzuf&efolrsm; twif;xdk;azmufwdkufcdkufvmvQif
Nrm;NzifhypfcwfacsrIef;&ef toifhae&m,lxm;vdkufMuonfh oabmyifNzpfonf/
þtaNctaeudk awGU&aomtcg pGefudkYaNzmif;onf wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk tNyif;txefwdkufppfrqifrdonfrSm
rSefuefaMumif; pdwfxJwGifawG;rdonf/ xdkYNyif &kyfzsufxm;aom vdauG[Gm&Sd&mokdYvnf; rausreyfNzifh
wcsufiJhapmif;Munfhvkdufonf/
vdauG[Gmu wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif wdkufyGJ0ifEdkifol odkif;orm;tvGefqkH; w&mhig;q,fxufrydk[k
owif;ay;cJhonf/ ,ck wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif vufeufudkifodkif;orm; ig;&meD;yg;&Sdaeonfudk udk,fawGUrsufNrif
awGUae&onf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ ocifrav;vdcsrfvlonf &Jwdkufrª;MuD; vdcRefvef? 'kwd,&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvifwdkY
NcH&Hum &JwdkufwHcg;rS £`E´&&avQmufvSrf; xGufvmonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;vnf; tvdktavsmufyif vdcsrfvludk t&dktaoNyK MudKqdkvdkufonf/
]]'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvif aNymcJhovdk vkyfaqmifay;EkdifzkdY acgif;aqmifq&mMuD; ydkifusifvkHxH
wifNyay;ygr,f}}
t&dktaoay;NyD;aemuf pGefudkYaNzmif;u aNymvdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh ... uRefruvnf; oabmwlygw,f}}
vdcsrfvluvnf; ,ef,dvifESifh aNymqdkcJhonfhpum;rsm;udk rdrdtaeNzifh twnfNyKvufcHaMumif;
NyefaNymvdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if usKyfwdkYudk NyefcGifhNyKygOD;? usKyfwdkY aNymqdkxm;MuwJhtwdkif; tNrefqkH;taumiftxnfazmf
vkyfaqmifEdkifatmif MudK;pm;aqmif&Guf ay;yghr,f}}
]]aumif;ygNyD}}
pGefudkYaNzmif;onf vdcsrfvludk t&kdtaoay;NyD;aemuf olUvlrsm;udk qkwfcGm&ef tcsufNytrdefYay;vdkufonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;\ 0ef;usifwGif cGJNzefYae&m,lxm;aom pGefudkYaNzmif;\vlrsm;onf tNyifokdYxGufvmum
twlwlpkpnf;NyD; xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/ vltiftm;okH;&meD;yg;cefY &Sdonf/
&ef o l U tif t m;onf rd r d w d k Y x if x m;onf x uf rsm;aeaomaMumif h vd c srf v l r S m ouf N yif ; wcsuf
usdwfumcsvdkufrdonf/ tu,fí ,ef,dvif\ enf;y&d,m,fESifh tMuHaumif;rsm;omr&SdvQif wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\
taNctaerSm tvGefyifqdk;&Gm;oGm;Edkifayonf/
384
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYvlpk xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf vdcsrfvlwdkYvnf; &JwdkuftwGif;okdY Nyef0ifvmcJhMuonf/
&JwdkufwHcg;udkvnf; NyefydwfvdkufMuonf/
&JwdkufwHwdkif;txuf ol&Jckd ol&JaNy;rsm;wGif opfom;wef;&Snfrsm;ay: pDwef;pdkufum axmifxm;onfh
"m;ESifhvSHrsm;udkvnf; Nyefvnfz,f&Sm; &kyfodrf;vdkufMuonf/
wu,fawmh &Jwdkuf\ ol&Jcdk ol&JaNy;rsm;ay:wGif odkif;orm;q,fOD;cefYom&Sdonf/ "m;vSHvufeufrsm;udk
opfom;wef;&SnfMuD;rsm;wGif pdkufumaxmifxm;&m aea&mifwGif wvufvufNzpfvsuf ta0;rSMunfhvQif
vufeufudkifokdif;orm; okH;&mausmfrQ &Jwdkufay:wGif ae&m,lvsuf toifh&SdaeMuonf[k xifrSwfatmif
zefwD;xm;Ncif;omNzpfonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYonf xdkenf;y&d,m,fqifuGufxJokdY wdk;0ifum wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif vltiftm;
rsm;Nym;pGm&Sdonf[k xifoGm;cJhMuayonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYvlpk olwdkY\taNcpdkufpcef; XmecsKyfokdY Nyefa&mufvmMuonf/ taNcpdkufpcef;XmecsKyfokdY
a&mufonfESifh pGefudkYaNzmif;onf &kyfzsufxm;aom vdauG[Gmudkyg ac:aqmifum olwdkY\ acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;
a&SUarSmufokdY 0ifa&mufawGUqkHonf/
acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;\ a&SUarSmufokdY 0ifa&mufawGUqkHonfqdkaomfvnf; acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;udk rsufESm
csif;qkdif NrifawGU&onfr[kwfay/
acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;onf uefYvefYumwpfck\ aemufuG,fwGif xdkifckHNrifhMuD;wpfckNzifh xkdifae&m
xdkxdkifckHMuD;\ aemufausmbufü tm;aumif;aom rD;tdrfMuD;wpfck xGef;n§dxm;onf/
xdkrDtdrfMuD;\ tvif;a&mifaMumifh uefYvefYumay:wGif acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;\t&dyfu ay:aeonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYonf xdkt&dyfudkMunfhíom pum;aNymqdkMu&Ncif; Nzpfayonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;onf acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;\t&dyfudk OD;nTwft&kdtaoay;NyD; rdrdwdkYwdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
oGm;a&mufwkdufckdufcJhMuykH? tay;t,lpum;aNymMuykH? wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif odkif;orm;tiftm; ig;&mausmf&SdaMumif;
udk,fwdkifawGUcJh&ykHwdkYudk aNymNyonf/
]]vdauG[mG ... cifAsm;aNymawmh wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd rf mS wdu
k yf 0JG ifEikd rf ,fh odik ;f orm;wpf&mhig;q,fxuf rydb k ;l qd?k
tckb,fvdk NzpfwmvJ}}
acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;u vdauG[Gmudk ar;onf/
pum;oHrSm at;pufrmausmonf/ tm;vnf;Nynfhonf/
vdauG[Gm tawmfyif wkefvIyfoGm;&onf/
]]acgif;aqmifq&mMuD; ydkifusifvkHcifAsm;? uRefawmf[m wdrfvTm&JwdkufrSm trSwfESpfacgif;aqmiftNzpf
OD;pD;cJ&h wJh vlwpfa,mufyg? wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd &f UJ twGi;f a&;tNyifa&;tm;vk;H ukd uRefawmftodq;Hk ygyJ? wdrv f mT &Jwukd &f UJ
tiftm;[m 'Davmufrrsm;Edkifygbl;}}
vdauG[Gmu NyefaNymonf/
pdwfudkwnfNidrfatmif MudK;pm;umxdef;xm;aomfvnf; olUpum;oHu rodromwkef,ifaeonf/
]]pGefudkYaNzmif;u wu,fr[kwfbJeJY vdrfvnfaNymaew,fvkdY cifAsm;u qdkvdkwmvm;}}
]]'D ... 'DvkdvJ r[kwfygbl;}}
]][m;[m;[m;}}
acgif;aqmifq&mMuD;u atmf[pf &,farmvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif pGefukdYaNzmif;onf vdauG[Gm\ tem;okdYvSpfceJ csOf;uyfoGm;NyD; taMumxdk;ydwfvdkuf&m
vdauG[GmrSm aysmhacGvJus oGm;avawmhonf/
vdauG[Gmum; opömazmufwkdYoGm;&mvrf;udk avQmufvSrf;&ayawmhrnfwum;/

385
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (36)
&S;D xifcsdwof nf tm;enf;azsmhawmhaom 0d;k w0g;tvif;a&mif&o dS nfh aNratmufcef;xJwiG f wpfa,mufwnf;
a&muf&Sdaeonf/
tcef;\ 0ifaygufxGufaygufudkvnf; &Smr&/
tpma&pmvnf; vkH;0r&Sd/
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY aeYESifhnudkyif rcGJNcm;Edkif/
b,fESpf&uf&SdNyDudkvnf; rodwwfawmh/
olonf twGif;tm; Nrifhrm;euf&Idif;NyD; odkif;ynmpGrf;&nf xufNrufvSaomfvnf; vlom;wpfa,mufom
Nzpf\/
tpma&pm NywfvyfrI'Pfudk Mum&SnfrcHEdkif/
xdkYNyif 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifom &Sdaeaom aNratmufcef;xJwGif wa,mufwnf;&Sdae&Ncif;uvnf;
pdwfacsmufcsm;zG,f wpfrsKd;Nzpfonf/
tpydik ;f tcsderf sm;wGif &S;D xifcsdwo
f nf rdrad wGU&Sx
d m;aom e*g;NzLzdrk u0draemodik ;f uGurf sm; tquftpyfyrkd kd
aumif;rGefNynfhpkHatmif MudK;pm;avhusifhNcif; NyKvkyfavonf/
386
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
yxrwG i f a wmh tawmf [ k w f o nf / od k i f ; ynmavh u sif h a ecsd e f w G i f tpma&pm Nywf v yf r I u d k y if
arhxm;EdkifcJhonf/
okdYaomf aemufydkif;wGifrl tpma&pm NywfvyfiwfrGwfrI'Pfu xif&Sm;odomvmonf/ tarmrvkHawmh/
odkif;uGufvIyf&Sm;avhusihfupm;rIrSmvnf; tpydkif;uvdk oGufvufNcif; r&Sdawmh/
odkif;uGufvIyf&m;&onfuyif tm;tifukefcef;armyef;p&mvdk Nzpfvmonf/ ydkívnf; qmavmifvmonf/
xd k Y aMumif h od k i f ; avh u sif h N cif ; rNyKawmh b J Nid r f o uf p G m xd k i f a eNcif ; ? vJ a vsmif ; aeNcif ; rsm;om
NyKvkyfaeavawmhonf/
wcgw&HwGif vJavsmif;ae&if; arS;ceJ tdyfaysmfoGm;vdkuf? vefYEdk;vmvdkuf Nzpfaewwfonf/
þokYd &Sad e&mrSm arS;ceJtyd af ysmfNyD; &kww f &ufvefYE;kd vmcsdewf iG f vlwpfa,muf\toufNyif;Nyif; &SLoHvv dk ?kd
nnf;oHvdkvdk xl;qef;onfhtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
tpwGifawmh ua,mifuwrf; tdyfrufNrifrufonf[k xifrdao;onf/
odkYaomf aoaocsmcsm em;pGifhMunfhvdkuf&mwGif tdyfrufr[kwfbJ toHudk wu,fyifMum;&Ncif;Nzpfonfudk
awGU&ay\/
&SD;xifcsdwf tawmfyiftawG;&cufoGm;\/
þtcef;xJwGif olwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdaeay&m xdktoufNyif;&SLoHvdkvdk? nnf;oHvdkvdk toHonf
rnfuJhokdY ay:aygufvm&avoenf;/
olrod? rNrif&aom tNcm;vlwpfa,mufa,muf þaNratmufcef;xJwGif &Sdaeavovm;/
xl;qef;aom toHay:vm&mae&mbufokdY tm&kHpdkufum vSrf;Munfhonf/
aNratmufcef;xJwGif tvGeftm;enf;vSaom 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifom&SdNyD; tpma&pmNywfvyfaeaom
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmvnf; tm;enf;aeonfhtwGuf Nriftm;u odyfraumif;/
odkYaomf &THUrsm;? aNrMuD;rsm;Nzifh vl;aeaom cyfauG;auG;t&m0w¬KMuD; wpfckudkum; 0dk;w0g;awGUNrif&onf/
xdkxl;qef;aom t&m0w¬KMuD;\ab;em;rS tcef;eH&HwGif vlwpfa,muf acgif;0ifom&kHrQ&Sdaom
taygufwpfckudkvnf; rxifr&Sm;awGU&onf/
xdkt&m0w¬KMuD;onf bmNzpfonfqdkNcif;udkrl uGJuGJNym;Nym; rodEdkifay/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ta&;ay:udpörsm;wGif okH;&eftwGuf csefxm;aom vufusefza,mif;wdkif ikwfwdkudk
oGm;,lum tomyifxGef;ndv § dkufonf/
za,mif;wkid rf mS vufav;vk;H omomrQom useaf wmhonf/ odYk aomf tvif;a&mifuakd wmh aumif;pGmay;Edik pf rG ;f
&Sdonf/
za,mif;wdkif\ tvif;a&mifaMumifh NrifuGif;u xif&Sm;vmonf/
xd k t &m0w¬ K MuD ; onf wud k , f v k H ; auG ; auG ; av;Nzpf a eaom vl w pf a ,muf N zpf a eonf / xd k o l
rnfolrnf0gqdkonfudkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfaumif;aumif;odonf/
xdkolrSm olESifhtwlwl c&D;ESifvmNyD; MunfeefNrdKU olaX;MuD;ukef;pGefcsD\aetdrf rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJodkY
0ifa&mufvmcJh&mrS vlcsif;uGJoGm;&avol t&dk;aysmh ,efavmufqef Nzpfaeavownf;/
]][m ... tb ,efavmufqefygvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm wtHhwMoyif a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
,efavmufqefrSm wukd,fvkH; &THUrsm; aNrMuD;rsm;Nzifhvl;aeum owdvpfarhaNrmaeonfh toGifrsKd;&Sdaeonf/
rsufv;Hk tpkuH rSw d v f suf&NdS yD; toufuNkd yif;Nyif;&SLaeonf/ &S;D xifcsdw\ f wtHw h Mo a&&Gwv f u kd o
f u
H v kd nf;
Mum;[efrwlay/
&SD;xifcsdwfu auG;auG;aumufaumufNzpfaeaom ,efavmufqef\ udk,fcE¨mudk pefYpefY&efY&efYNzpfatmif
NyKNyifay;vkdufonf/ ,efavmufqef\ wukd,fvkH;rSm avavsmhaeaom abmvkH;wpfckvdk aysmhaysmhzwfzwfMuD;
NzpfaeonfudkawGU&onf/
eH&HwGif Nzpfay:aeaom acgif;wpfvkH;0ifomonfh taygufESifh acGaysmhaeaom ,efavmufqefudkMunfhNyD;
bmNzpfEdkifonfudk &SD;xifcsdwfoabmaygufoGm;onf/
387
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefwGif xl;Ncm;aomt&dk;aysmhum udk,fudkusKHUEdkifonfh ynmqef;wpfck&Sdonf/ acgif;wpfvkH;pm
wdk;0ifEdkifvQif wpfukd,fvkH;wdk;0if&ef rcufawmhay/ odkYaomf rnfokdYrnfykHNzpfum onfae&mtxd a&mufvmonf
udkawmh &SD;xifcsdwfrod/
,ef a vmuf q ef \ ud k , f a y:rS aoG ; aMumuG u f t csKd U ud k ES d y f e ,f u k o ay;vk d u f & m rMumrD r S m yif
owdNyef&vmavawmh\/
]]tb ... uRefawmfhudk rSwfrdw,faemf}}
,efavmufqef owdNyef&vmonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfu aNymvkduf\/
]]a[ ... &SD;xifcsdwfygvm;? rif;vJ 'DrSm tzrf;cHae&wmudk;}}
,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudkMunfhNyD; tHhMooGm;[efNzifhaNym\/
ab;tEÅ&m,f tusyftwnf;MuKHae&csdew f iG f cifrifaomvlwpfa,mufEiS hf awGU&onft h wGuf &S;D xifcsdwaf &m
,efavmufqefyg 0rf;omaeMuonf/
,efavmufqefonf &SD;xifcsdwfuJhokdY tpma&pmNywfvyfum tm;tifukefcef;aeNcif; r&Sday/ aNrMuD;xJrS
tayguf&Smum udk,fudkusKHUvsuf MudK;MudK;pm;pm; wdk;xGufvm&aomaMumifh tyifyef;vGefum touf&SL&cufí
owdvpfaeNcif;omNzpfonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ ESdyfe,fNyKpkay;rIaMumifh owd&vmNyD;onfESifh usef;rm&Tifvef;ívmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfurl tpmNywfa&iwfum tm;enf;aeonfhMum;rS ,efavmufqefudk NyKpkay;&aomaMumifh
armyef;íaeonf/
]]rif; 'Dae&mudka&mufaewm b,favmufMumNyDvJ}}
,efavmufqefu ar;onf/
]]b,fESpf&uf&SdvdkY b,favmufMumNyDvJqdkwm odawmifrodawmhbl;? tcef;xJrSm arSmifaewmqdkawmh
aeYvm;nvm; cGJNcm;rodEdkifwm tbtNrifyJav? NyD;awmh bmtpma&pmrSr&SdbJ uRefawmfhrSm iwfNywfaew,f}}
]]aMomf ... at; [kwfom;yJ? ighES,f tvdkufrodwwfvkdufwm}}
,efavmufqefu pdrf;pm;OwpfvkH;ESifh vrkefYwpfckxkwfay;onf/
vrkefYrSm tenf;i,frmaeaomfvnf; &SD;xifcsdwfrSm qmavmifrGwfodyfaeaomaMumifh tm;&yg;&yif
ukefpifatmif pm;ypfvkdufonf/ vrkefYwpfckpm;vkduf&aomaMumifh [maeaom 0rf;Adkuftawmfav; NynfhoGm;onf/
pdrf;pm;OwpfvkH; pm;vdkuf&onfhtwGufvnf; a&iwfaNyoGm;&onf/
xdkYaemuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrdawGUMuKHNzpfysufcJhykH taMumif;rsm;udk ,efavmufqeftm; aNymNyvdkufonf/
]]at; ... 'Dvdkqdk&if rif;'Dae&mudk a&mufaewm[m tvGefqkH;okH;&ufavmufyJ &Sdvdrfhr,f}}
taMumif;pkHMum;&NyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufaeol wpfa,mufyDyD cefYrSef;um
aNymvdkufonf/
]]tbwdkYaum bmawGNzpfukefMuwmvJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; ,efavmufqef\ tNzpftysufudkar;onf/
]]at; ... [kdvlMuD; ukef;pGefcsDu tydkifvkyfMuHvdkufwJhtuGufxJ rdoGm;Mu&w,fyJ aNym&rSmayghuGm}}
,efavmufqef\ pum;udkMum;&aomtcg &SD;xifcsdwfrSm tHhMooGm;&onf/ ukef;pGefcsD\aetdrf
rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJudk pD;eif;wdkufckdufum taumufMuHcJhMuonfrSm e*g;NzLa*[m\ vufcsufNzpfaMumif; trsm;u
xifaMu;ay; aNymqdkaeMuonf r[kwfygvm;/
]][if ... e*g;NzLa*[m&JU vufcsufr[kwfbl;vm;}}
]]b,fuvm [kwf&rSmvJ? ydkifusifvkHaum olUvlawGyg igwdkYeJYtwlwl tzrf;cHcJh&wmyJ}}
]]b,fvdk NzpfMuw,fqdkwm aNymprf;ygOD;}}
,efavmufqefonf acgif;wpfcsufndwfNyNyD; rdrdwdkY ukef;pGefcsD\ y&d,m,faxmifacsmufxJ wdk;0ifrdcJhykH
taMumif;rsm;udk NyefaNymNyonf/

388
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
{nfch ef;aqmifx&J dS wHcg;rsm;ydwu f ek u
f m rdrw
d Ykd vpl k uke;f pGecf sD\axmifacsmufxJ wd;k 0ifrad Mumif;od&onfEiS hf
,efavmufqefonf 0g&ifhapm& wpfa,mufyDyD pm;yGJay:wGif wnfcif;xm;onfh pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; xJrS vrkefY?
rkefYaNcmuf? tom;aNcmufuifpaom Mum&SnfcHEdkifrnfh tpm;tpmrsm;ESifh pdrf;pm;OuJhokdYaom a&iwfaNyNyD;
wm&Snfodrf;xm;Edkifonfh opfoD;opfOrsm;udk &oavmuf&Sm,lum rdrd\tusÐMuD;xJrS rsm;Nym;vSofnh
tdwfrsm;xJwGif xnfhodrf;0Sufxm;vdkufonf/
rMumrDrSmyif cef;raqmifxJ&Sd rD;rsm;Nidrf;ukefNyD; xl;qef;aom tckd;taiGUrsm;vnf; cef;raqmifxJodkY
wdk;0ifvTrf;rdk;vmonf/
xdktaiGUrsm;udk &SLrdonfESifh cef;raqmifxJ&Sd vltm;vkH;owdvpf arhaNrmukefMuonf/
olwdkYowdNyef&vmMucsdefwGif aNratmuftcef;us,fMuD;wpfckxJ a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awGU&onf/
xdktcef;us,fMuD;rSm tcsKyfcef;oabmrsKd;Nzpfum wpfckwnf;aom xGufayguf0ifaygufudk cdkifrmpGmydwfxm;onf/
tpmiwfa&iwfxm;NyD; okH;&ufNynfhaNrmufaomaeUwGifrS tpmESifha&rsm;ay;onf/
,efavmufqefonf ukef;pGefcsD\vlrsm;ay;aom tpmESifha&wdkYudk raomufrpm;bJ rdrdaqmif,lxm;onfh
pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udkom NcdK;NcHacRwmí pm;aecJhonf/
usefvlrsm;rSmrl okH;&ufrQ tpma&pm iwfrGwfaeonfhtwGuf auR;arG;onfhtpmESifh a&wdkYudk tm;&yg;&yif
pm;okH;Muav\/
,efavmufqef\ owd&Sd&Sd MudKwifumuG,frI atmifNrifonf[k qdk&rnf/
ukef;pGefcsDwdkYu tpm;taomufESifh a&wdkYwGif pdwftm&kH&IyfaxG;ysufNym;aponfh aq;rsm;cwfxm;&m
pm;aomufrdMuonfh odkif;orm;taygif;rSm tlaMumifaMumif tww taNctaersKd;okdY a&mufoGm;Muavawmhonf/
xdkolrsm; auR;arG;onfh tpm;taomufESifha&wkdYudk vkH;0rpm;raomufcJhaom ,efavmufqefwpfa,mufwnf;om
rnfokdYrQ pdwftm&kHysufNym;Ncif; r&SdcJh/
okdY&mwGif tNcm;olrsm;ESifh a&ma,mifum tlaMumifaMumif twwNzpfaeonfh toGifrsKd; ta,mifaqmif
xm;vdkuf&onf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf zrf;qD;xm;olrsm;xJrS odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;udk a&G;xkwfum oD;oefY tcef;usOf;av;
rsm;xJwGif wpfcef;vQif wpfa,mufxnfhum owfowfcsKyfaESmifvdkufonf/
usefaemufvkduf odkif;orm;rsm;udkrl tcef;MuD;av;cef;xJwGif vlcGJumcsKyfaESmifxm;onf/
wpfa,mufwpfcef;pDcGJum csKyfaESmifxm;onfh odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;xJwGif ydkifusifvkH? qmhcsif[kef?
xefawmuf&ek ?f vltif;0guJo h Ykd aom t"dy"dynm&SiMf uD;rsm;udk txl;*&kpu kd u
f m tvpfray;bJ apmifMh uyfaeMuonf/
,efavmufqefrSm odkif;tausmftarmfwpfa,muf NzpfonfhtwGuf tcef;wpfcef;xJwGif wpfa,mufwnf;
xnfhoGif;csKyfaESmifxm;Ncif; cH&aomfvnf; tcgrvyf apmifhMunfhNcif; rcHcJh&ay/
xdkYaMumifh tcGifhomonfESifh t&dk;aysmhynmudkokH;um udk,fudkusKHUvsuf awGUorQ taygufrSwdk;NyD;vmcJh&m
aemufqkH;wGif &SD;xifcsdwf&Sdaeonfh tcef;xJodkY a&muf&SdvmNcif; Nzpfayawmhonf/

]]'Dtcef;[m aNratmuftcsKyfcef;awmh r[kwfEdkifbl;? ukef;pGefcsD vQKdU0Sufokdif;ynm avhusifhwJh


tcef;yJNzpf&r,f? 'Dawmh 0ifEdkifxGufEdkifwJh vQKdU0SuftpDtrHvJ&SdrSm aocsmw,f}}
rdrdawGUMuKHcJhonfh taMumif;rsm;udk aNymNyNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu rSwfcsufcsonf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf pum;aNymqdkaeMupOfu Nidrf;owfxm;cJhaom za,mif;wdkifudk NyefvnfxGef;nd§um
tcef;xJtESHYvdkufMunfhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tcef;xJwGif vQKdU0Sufcvkwf &Sdvdk&SdNim; tapmMuD;uwnf;u &SmcJhNyD;Nzpfonf/
bmrQrawGUaomaMumifh vufavQmhcJh&onf/
,efavmufqefrSmrl wu,fh0g&ihfapm&wpfa,mufNzpfNyD; tawGYtMuKHuvnf; rsm;vSaomaMumifh rdrd&Smí
rawGUEdkifcJhaom vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudk &SmawGUaumif;awGUEdkifrnf[k &SD;xifcsdwf arQmfvifhcsuftenf;i,f xm;rdonf/

389
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefonf tcef;xJwGif ae&mtESYHvdkuf&Smonfhwdkif vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudk rawGUEdkifao;onfhtwGuf
pdwfysufp NyKvmonf/ þaNratmufcef;xJwGif vQKdU0Sufcvkwf &Sd&rnfqdkNcif;udkawmh olaocsmayguf
wGufrdxm;onf/
odkYaomf &Smí rawGUEdkifonfhtwGuf rausreyf Nzpfae&onf/ ZGJum;ravQmh? qufvuf&SmazGNyefonf/
za,mif;wdkifuvnf; ukefvkeD;aeNyD/
za,mif;wkdifukefoGm;NyD; tvif;a&mifr&SdvQif vQKdU0Sufcvkwf&Sm&onfrSm ydkcufrnf/
za,mif;wkdifrukefcif vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudk awGUatmif&SmEdkifvQif&Sm? r&SmEdkifvQif arQmfvifhcsufa0;oGm;ayNyD/
ta&;MuD;aeonfh tcsdef/
tcsdefu wdkawmif;vSonf/
ukefvG,fvSonf/
,efavmufqefonf MudK;pm;ívdkuf&Smonf/ olonftvGefyif rsufpdvsifol Nzpfonf/ xl;Ncm;csufwpfckck
&SdaevQif 'ufceJodEdkifonf/
,ckawmh vufa`r§muf&rnfuJhokdY Nzpfaeonf/
za,mif;wdkifom ukefoGm;onf/
tcef;xJwGif tvif;a&mifom aysmufoGm;onf/
vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudk &SmrawGUcJhay/
tcef;xJwGif tvGeftm;enf;azsmhawmhaom 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifav;om &Sdawmhonf/
,efavmufqef\ acgif;xJwGif tawG;wcsuf vufceJ0ifvmonf/
þtcef;onf tvkHydwfvdkNzpfaeaom aNratmufcef;wpfckNzpfonf/
rD;cGufrD;tdrfrsm; xGef;rxm;vQif ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaezdkYom&Sdonf/ rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh tm;enf;
vSaom 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifav; &Sdae&oenf;/
,efavmufqefonf tcef;taNctaeudk pl;prf;MunfhNyef\/ xdk 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifav;onf eH&Hay:&Sd
yef;csDum;csyfrsm;rS ay:xGufvmNcif; NzpfonfudkawGU&\/
yef;csDum;csyfxJ&Sd e*g;&kyfrsm;udk &dk;&dk;aq;rsm;Nzifh a&;qGJxm;aomfvnf; e*g;rsufvkH;rsm;rSmrl
aq;Nzifhra&;Nc,fbJ ausmufNzLvkH;rsm;uyfxm;onf/ 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mifonf xdkausmufNzLvkH;av;rsm;rS
xGufay:aeaom ta&mifNzpfonf/
,efavmufqefonf xdkifae&mrSm qwfceJxum yef;csDum;csyfrsm;xJrS e*g;&kyfrsm;\ rsufvkH;ae&m&Sd
ausmufNzLvkH;av;rsm;udk wpfckNyD;wpfck vufñdI;ESifhvkdufESdyfonf/
"tb ... bmvkyfaewmvJ"
,efavmufqef\ tNyKtrludk em;rvnfaomaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfuvSrf;ar;onf/
xdkokdYar;vdkufcsdefrSmyif w*sdrf;*sdrf;toHrsm; &kwfw&ufNrnfvmonf/
xdktoHudk &SD;xifcsdwf aumif;aumif;rSwfrdonf/
olUudk þaNratmufcef;odkY a&muf&SdapcJhonfh ckwifMuD;atmufokdY usqif;vmonfh toHyifwnf;/
&SD;xifcsdwf wkHYqdkif;raeawmh/
,efavmufqef\vufudkqGJum ckwifMuD;usvmrnfh ae&modkY tNrefaNy;vmcJhonf/
tawGUMuKH&ifhusufaeaom ,efavmufqefuvnf; wpkHw&mar;Nref;Ncif;yifrNyK/ &SD;xifcsdwfqGJac:&mokdY
tvdkufoifhyif vdkufygvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ wGufudef; rSefaeayonf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf taNy;a&mufvmonfESifh ckwifMuD;rSm aNratmufcef;Murf;NyifokdY usa&mufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqefudkqGJum xdkckwifMuD;ay:odkY ckefwufvdkufonf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf ckwifay:a&mufoGm;NyD; rMumrDrSmyif ckwifMuD;u tay:bufokdY Nyefvnf aNrmufMuG
wufoGm;avonf/
xdo k Ydk ckwifMuD; tay:odYk NyefvnfaNrmufMuGwufomG ;csdew
f iG f &S;D xifcsdw\
f &ifxüJ w'de;f 'de;f ckeí f aeonf/
390
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrd\ESvkH;ckefoHukdyif NyefvnfMum;&ovdk xifrdonf/
aNratmufcef;xJwGifyif tpmiwfa&iwfESifh aoqkH;&awmhrnf[k awG;qxm;&mrS vGwfaNrmufp&m
vrf;pay:vmonfhtwGuf pdwfrvIyf&Sm;pzl; vIyf&Sm;íae&onf/
ck w if M uD ; tay:od k Y MuG w uf o G m ;onf h t csd e f r S m bmrQrMum/ &S D ; xif c sd w f \ pd w f x J w G i f r l
txl;yif&SnfMumvSonf[k xifrdonf/
aemufqkH;wGifawmh ckwifMuD;tay:odkY a&muf&SdoGm;avonf/
*sdrf;ceJ toHwcsufNrnfum &yfwefYoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYESpfa,mufonf csufcsif;yifckwifay:rS atmufokdYckefqif;um
&efoludk&ifqdkif&vQif tNrefqkH;wefNyefvIyf&Sm; wdkufcdkufEdkif&ef toifhNyifvdkufMuonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif tcef;tNyifbufqDrS aNcoHrsm;udkMum;vkdufMuonf/
ESpfa,mufvkH; toifhae&m,lxm;MuNyD;Nzpfonfhtwdkif; wzufvlrsm; tcef;xJokdY 0ifa&muf vmrnfh
tcsdefudkom apmifhvifhaeMuonf/
tcef;xJokdYum; rnfolrQ 0ifa&mufrvm/ tcef;udkNzwfausmfoGm;Muonfh aNcoHrsm;omxGufay:vmonf/
aNcoHrsm;u ta&;wMuD;aNy;vTm;oGm;Muonfh toHrsm;Nzpfonf/
tcsdefrSm rdk;csKyfum arSmifrdkufaecsdef Nzpf[efwlonf/
wHcg;Mum;xJrS rD;a&mifav;wdk;0ifaeonfudk awGU&onf/
xdkta&mifav;aMumifh tcef;xJwGif NrifomxifomNzpfaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk vSrf;Munfhonf/
b,fvdktaNctae&Sdoenf;[k ar;vdkonfhoabmNzpfonf/
,efavmufqefu bmrQpdk;&drfp&mr&Sd[k qdkonfhoabmNzifh yckH;wGefYum vufudktomcg,rf;Nyonf/
xkdYaemuf ydwfaeaomtcef;wHcg;udk tomppfaq;Munfhonf/
]]uRefawmf 'Dtcef;xJudk 0ifrdwkef;u 'DwHcg;[m olUtvdkvdkydwfoGm;wmyJ? NyefzGifhvdkYudk r&bl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqef\em;em;odkY uyfum wD;wdk;aNymvkdufonf/
]]wHcg;udkydwfxm;Edkif&if NyefzGifhvdkYvJ &&rSmayghuGm}}
,efavmufqefu wD;wdk;avoHESifh NyefaNymonf/
aNratmufcef;xJ&Sd vQKdU0Sufcvkwfudkyif awGUatmifMuHq&SmazGEdkifcJhaom ,efavmufqeftzdkY ydwfaeaom
wHcg;udk zGifh0if&efrSm bmrQrIavmufp&m r[kwfay/
olonf wHcg;\aomh&Sd&mae&mwGif em;&Gufudk tomuyfxm;vdkufonf/ rsufvkH;udkarS;xm;&if; xdkae&mudk
nmbufvufñdI; vufqpfuav;Nzifh cyfomomwcsufacgufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu wpkHw&mar;rnftNyKwGif ,efavmufqefu vufumNyum ol\qHyifMum;xJrS qHxdk;vdkvdk
oHacsmif;av;wpfckudkxkwf,lum aomhaygufxJodkY tomt,m xdk;xnfhonf/
xdYk aemuf xdok aH csmif;av;udk xd;k vdu
k q
f x
JG w
k v
f udk ?f [dv
k n S v
hf u
kd o
f nfvn
S v
fh u
kd f NyKvkyaf e&m cPtMumwGif
]]csyfcsyf}} [laom rwdk;rus,f toHav;ay:xGufvmonf/
]]uJ ... wHcg;udkawmh zGifhEdkifNyD? tNyifbufrSm &ifqdkif&,fh tcuftcJtEÅ&m,fawGudk ausmfEdkifrausmfEdkif
qdkwmuawmh igwdkY&JUukokdvfyJ}}
,efavmufqefu wD;wdk;avoHESifhaNymNyD; wHcg;udktomwGef;vdkuf&m tvG,fwulyif yGifhoGm;onf/
rnfonfyh nmrqdk vdt k yfonft h cgwGif tok;H cswwfvQif tusKd;&Sad yonf/ ,efavmufqef\ apm&ynmrSm
,cktcgwGif olwdkYtwGuf tEÅ&m,frSvGwfaNrmuf&efvrf;p azmfay;EdkifcJhavNyD/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY tcef;tNyifbufodkY xGufvmcJhMuonf/
tNyifbufwGif pMuøvrf;wpfck&Sdonf/ tapmifhtMuyfrsm;udk rawGU&/ pMuøvrf;\ab;eH&HwGif rD;wkwfrsm;
pDwef;xGef;ndx § m;&m vif;vif;csif;csif;&Sdaeonf/
arSmif&dyfckd udk,fa&mifazsmufp&m ae&myifr&Sd/

391
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYESpfa,mufrSm qHyifpkwfzGm; t0wftpm;rsm;wGif zkefrsm;? aNrMuD;rsm;
tvdrf;vdrf;Nzpfaeonf/
xdefxdefvif;aeaom rD;a&mifatmufwGif onftwkdif;avQmufoGm;rnfqdkygu Nrif&kHESifh oHo,
NzpfzG,f&myif/
"igwdkY 'Dtwdkif;oGm;vkdYawmh rNzpfbl;? a[m ... aNcoHMum;&w,f? tcef;xJudk tNrefNyef0if"
,efavmufqefu wD;wdk;aNymqdkNyD; ESpfa,mufom;tcef;xJokdY Nyef0ifvkdufMuonf/
wHcg;udk tomqGJaphxm;um wHcg;Mum;rSaeí tNyifokdYacsmif;Munfhvdkuf&m 0wfpkHNzLodkif;orm;ESpfa,muf
pMuøvrf;twdkif; cyfokwfokwf avQmufvSrf;vmMuonfudk awGU&onf/
"'DvlESpfa,mufudk tydkifwdkufMur,f"
,efavmufqefu Mum;Edkif&kHavoHESifh aNymonf/
0wfpkHNzL0wfodkif;orm;ESpfa,muf tcef;wHcg;teD;odkY a&mufvmonfhtcsdeftxd NidrfíapmifhaeMuonf/
aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh avQmufvmMuaom 0wfpkHNzL0wfokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY
apmifhaeMuaom wHcg;ESifh eD;onfxufeD;vmonf/
aemufqkH;awmh tcef;wHcg; a&SUwnfhwnfhokdY a&mufvmMuonf/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYu oGufvufNrefqefpGmyif vIyf&Sm;vkdufMuonf/
tcef;wHcg;udk qwfceJzGifhonf/
0wfpkHNzLokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufvQifwpfOD;pD trdt& csKyfzrf;vdkufMuonf/
xdkYaemuf tcef;xJqGJoGif;NyD; tcef;wHcg;udk NyefydwfvdkufMuonf/
bmrQ tcsdefrMumvdkuf/ rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwNyufrQaom tcsdefydkif;av;twGif;rSmyif NzpfcJhonfrdkY
wefNyefckcHEdkifNcif;r&Sd/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y vuf x J w G i f trd c H & um taMumyd w f c H & vsuf owd v pf
acGaysmhukefMuonf/
]]uJ ... olwdkY t0wfawGudk tNrefvJ0wfvdkuf}}
,efavmufqefu aNymaNymqdkqdkyif odkif;orm;wpfa,muf\ 0wfpkHudkcRwfum rdrd\ a[mif;EGrf;
aya&aeaom 0wfpkHESifhvJvS,f 0wfqifvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvnf; ,efavmufqefenf;wlyif vJvS,f0wfqifonf/
0wfpkHrsm;u tNzLa&mifNzpfNyD; &ifbwfnmbufwGif teDa&mifydk;csnfNzifh e*g;&kyfwpf&kyfxdk;xm;onf/
okdif;orm;wpfa,muf\0wfpkHrS tdwfxJwGif t&ufxuf0ufcefY&Sdao;aom ykvif;wpfvkH;ESifh trJom;aMumf
tenf;i,fawGU&onf/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf t&ufESifhtrJom;aMumfudk a0rQpm;aomufvdkufMuonf/
xdkYaemuf tcef;wHcg;udkzGifhum tNyifbufokdY xGufvmcJhMuonf/
pMuøvrf;twkdif; tawmfMumMum avQmufvmMuonfhwdkif rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrQ rawGU&/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif tawmfxl;qef;aeovdk xifrdonf/
,efavmufqefudk ar;Nref;rnftNyKwGif ,efavmufqefu tomvufumNyaomaMumifh EIwfNyef
ydwfxm;vdkuf&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif olwdkYa&SUwnfhwnfhrS vlwpfa,mufay:vmonf/
xdkolonf olwdkYvJ0wfxm;aom 0wfpkHNzLrsKd;udkyif 0wfqifxm;onf/
]]'Dae&mrSm qufrae&awmhbl;vdkY q&mrdef;csifu trdefYcsvdkufw,f? tNrefqkH; tNyifudkxGufMu}}
xdkolu tavmwMuD;aNymonf/
&ifbwfwGif e*g;&kyfygaom tNzLa&mif0wfpkHrsm; 0wfxm;onfh &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYudk
rdrdwdkYbufawmfom;rsm;[k xifonfhtwGuf ,ckvdkaNymvdkufNcif; Nzpf[efwlonf/
]][if ... bmaMumifhvJ}}
&kwfw&ufrdkY &SD;xifcsdwfrSm thHtm;oifhum vGwfceJar;vdkufrdonf/
392
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]*dkPf;aygif;pkHu &efolawGtay:bufrSm a&mufaeMuNyD? bmrS ar;raeMueJY? tNrefqkH;om tNyifudk
xGufoGm;Mu}}
xdkolonf aNymaNymqdkqdkyif pMuøvrf;twdkif; taNy;xGufoGm;onf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ tb}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk ar;vdkufonf/
]]Munfh&wm ukef;pGefcsDwdkYwawG 'DtaNcpdkufpcef;udk pGefYcGmoGm;Muawmhr,fh ykHyJ}}
]]uRefawmfwdkYuaum olwdkYeJYtwlwl vkdufoGm;rvm;}}
]]bmNzpfvdkYvdkuf&rSmvJ? olwdkYtvkyf&Iyfaewkef; igwdkYu tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; vGwfvrf;&Sm&rSmaygh? uJ ...
vm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYonf pMuøvrf;twdkif; aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh avQmufvSrf;vmMu&m
0wfpkHNzL0wfokdif;orm;tcsKdUESifh qkHrdMuonf/ xdkolrsm;rSm taNy;tvTm; tvkyfrsm;aeMuNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk
rdrdwdkYvlrsm;[k xifMu[efNzifh bmrQtaESmifht,Suf ray;Mu/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYuvnf; tavmwMuD; vIyf&Sm;&onfhtoGifrsKd; ta,mifaqmifum
cyfokwfokwfavQmufvSrf;oGm;aecJhMuonf/ pMuøvrf;onf auGUauGUaumufaumufESifh avQmufvSrf;oGm;í
rqkH;Edkifavmufatmif Nzpfaeonf/
avQmuf v S r f ; oG m ;ae&if ; teD ; 0ef ; usif o nf wppyl v monf u d k &S D ; xif c sd w f o wd x m;rd o nf /
xdkxl;Ncm;csuftaMumif; aNymqdkar;Nref;awmhrnf tNyKrSmyif ,efavmufqefu pum olUxifNrifcsufudk aNymonf/
]]'Dae&m[mvJ aNratmufrSm&SdykH&w,f? NyD;awmh aNrNyifay:rSm rD;awGtMuD;tus,f avmifuRrf;aevdrfhr,f?
'Dae&mu aNrNyifeJYeD;aevdkY rD;t&SdefaMumifh ylaewmNzpfr,f}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkvkyfNyD; tNyifukda&mufatmif xGuf&rSmvJ}}
]]igvJ 'gudkyJpOf;pm;aewm? bmyJNzpfNzpfav? vQkKdU0Suftcef;xJuawmif xGufvmEdkifcJhwm tNyifudk
a&mufzdkYuawmh rcJ,Of;ygbl;}}
pMuøvrf;twdkif; aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh qufavQmufvmMuNyefonf/ vrf;u ydkauGUaumufvmonf/
rMumcP qdkovdk vrf;ESpfcGqkH? okH;cGqkHae&mrsm;udk awGU&wwfonf/
xdkokdYaom vrf;cGqkHae&mrsm;odkY a&mufvQif rnfonfhvrf;aMumif;twkdif; vdkuf&rnfudk rodonfhtwGuf
tawmfyiftusyfawGU&onf/ aemufqkH;wGifawmh uHMur®mudkom tm;udk;NyD; oifhavsmfrnfxif&m vrf;twdkif;om
vdkufMu&onf/
vrf;okH;cGqkHwpfckudk ausmfvmcJhNyD;aemuf olwdkYavQmufoGm;aeaom pMuøvrf;onf wNznf;Nznf;
usOf;vmonf/ ydkívnf; ylvmonf/ ydkíylvmNcif;rSm aNray:odkYa&muf&ef ydkeD;vmonfhoabmrdkY ,efavmufqefESifh
&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY tm;wufrdMuonf/
vrf;uykdí usOf;vmonf/ vlwpfa,muf avQmufom&kHrQyif &SdvmonfhtwGuf ,efavmufqefua&SUrS
&SD;xifcsdwfu aemufrS ae&mcGJ,lum avQmufMu&onf/
twefMumoGm;rdvQif rwfwwf&yfvsufyif ravQmufEdkifawmhatmif vrf;u ydkusOf;vmonf/
av;bufaxmufum oGm;&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\pdwfxJwGif 0HykavG&efrS vGwfaNrmufcgp&Sdao;? usm;&JwGif;xJokdY a&muf&awmhrnfavm[kyif
awG;rdonf/ rnfokdYqdkap ,ckrSawmh aemufNyefqkwfívnf;r&/
a&SUokdYom qufoGm;&ayawmhrnf/
vrf;u usOf;onfxuf ydkusOf;vmonf/ av;bufaxmufíyif roGm;EdkifawmhbJ 0rf;vsm;xdk;um oGm;ae
&onf/ rMumrDrSmyif 0rf;vsm;xdk;oGm;&onfuyif tvGefusyfum cufcJvmonf/
,efavmufqefonf t&dk;aysmhynm wwfaNrmufNyD; udk,fudkusKHUEdkifonfhtwGuf raxmif;wmaomfvnf;
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkYrl tvGefyiftcufawGUae&onf/
]]xifcsdwf ... oGm;vdkY&&JUvm;}}
,efavmufqefu ar;onf/
393
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]rvG,fbl;tba&? vrf;u odyfudkusOf;aeNyD}}
]]bmrS rpdk;&drfeJY? toufudk0atmif&SL? toufatmifhEdkiforQatmifhNyD; wudk,fvkH;rSm&SdwJh taMumawGudkavQmh
a&SUudkMudK;pm;NyD;wdk;? toufratmifhEdkifawmh&if twdk;&yfNyD; toufNyef&SL}}
,efavmufqefu t&kd;aysmhatmifusKHUum vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmEdkifonfh vQKdU0Sufaomhcsuf enf;vrf;rsm;udk
&SD;xifcsdwftm;aNymNyonf/
xdkenf;vrf;rsm;onf txl;yifcufcJonf/ enf;udkodaomfvnf; NzpfaNrmufatmifNrifatmif vkyfEdkif&efrSm
tcsdefrsm;pGm,lNyD; avhusifhzkdYvdktyfayonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f t zd k Y rl vwf w avm tusyf t wnf ; taNctaeES i f h &if q d k i f a e&onf N zpf & m
,efavmufqefaNymonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk rdrdwGifwwfaNrmufxm;NyD;Nzpfonfh odkif;ynmtaNccHESifh aygif;pyfum
tNzpfEdkifqkH;MudK;pm; vkyfaqmif&avawmhonf/
þodkY MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh olUtwGuf tusKd;xl;wpfck tNrwf&vdkufonf/
þae&mwGif aNratmufvQKdU0Sufcef;xJ&Sd yef;csDum;csyfxJrS e*g;&kyfrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;[efrsm;Nzifh
o&kyfazmfxm;onfh odkif;uGufodkif;[efrsm;onf tvGefyiftokH;wnfhaeonfudk thHMozG,f&m awGUvdkuf&aomaMumifh
yifwnf;/
odkYNzifh &SD;xifcsdwfonf usOf;onfxuf usOf;aNrmif;vmaom vrf;aMumif;xJwGif ,efavmufqefenf;wlyif
wdk;0ifí oGm;aeEdkifavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf ydwfrdoGm;onfh aNratmufcef;onf ukef;pGefcsD\ odkif;ynmavhusifh&m vQKdU0Sufcef;Nzpfayonf/
tcef ; eH & H a y:&S d yef ; csD u m;csyf r sm;xJ r S e*g;&k y f v I y f & S m ;[ef r sm;onf v nf ; aNre*g;u0d r aemod k i f ; uG u f
q,fh&SpfuGufyifNzpfonf/
u0draemodkif;wGif odkif;uGufq,fh&SpfuGuf&SdNyD; usifhpOfckepfrsKd; uGJNym;ayonf/
u0draem odkif;usifhpOfckepfrsKd;udk odkif;ynm&SifMuD;ckepfa,mufu wpfOD;vQifwpfrsKd;pD wwfaNrmufMuNyD;
rdrdwdkY\okdif;rsKd;qufrsm;udk wqifhpDvufqifhurf; tarGay;cJhMuonf/
þokdYNzifh u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwdkYonf *dkPf;tzGJUckepfckuGJNym;vmcJhMuonf/ *dkPf;tzGJUckepfckwdkY\
acgif;aqmifrsm;udkvnf; e*g;u0dckepfql[k odkif;avmuwGif ac:qdkcJhMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf aNre*g;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfwpfa,mufNzpfaomfvnf; uHacaomaMumifh q&mNzpfol
vufqifhurf; tarGay;cJhaom aNre*g;u0draemusifhpOfudk tNynfht0 em;vnfwwfaNrmufNcif; r&SdcJhay/
xdYk aMumifh ol\ aNre*g;u0draemodik ;f rSm usefe*g;u0daNcmufqw l Ykd \ odik ;f ynmrsm;xuf edru hf saecJ&h onf/
u0d r aemod k i f ; usif h p Of c k e pf c k w d k Y o nf wpf c k E S i f h w pf c k wef ; wl & nf w l ,S O f E d k i f p G r f ; &S d a omf v nf ;
aNre*g;u0draemusifhpOfudk NynfhNynfh00 em;rvnfrwwfaNrmufcJhaom ukef;pGefcsDonf usefe*g;u0drsm;udk
r,SOfEdkifcJhay/
þod k Y Nzpf & rI t wG u f pd w f e mMunf ; cH N yif ; um usef e *g;u0d r sm;ud k tyd k i f v k y f M uH N yD ;
u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifrsm;\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifMuD;Nzpf&ef usdwfíMuHaecJhNcif; Nzpfayonf/
b0uHMur®monf qef;Mu,fvSonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf b,fvdkrQrarQmfvifhbJESifh ukef;pGefcsD\ vQKdU0Sufodkif;avhusifhcef;xJokdY a&muf&SdoGm;NyD;
aNre*g;u0draemokdif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufudk em;vnfwwfaNrmufcJhonf/ ,ckwzef usOf;aNrmif;vSaom
aNratmufvrf;aMumif;xJwGif twif;wdk;0ifoGm;ae&if; ,efavmufqefaNymNyonfh t&dk;aysmhudk,fusKHUenf;rsm;udk
rdrdwwfxm;onfh odkif;ynmESifh Nzpfovdkaygif;pyf tokH;csMunfh&mrS aNre*g;u0draemodkif;usifhpOfudk em;vnf
wwfaNrmufoGm;avNyD/
ol\ aNre*g;odkif;ynmonf aNre*g;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ukef;pGefcsDxufyif rsm;pGmomvGefaeavNyD/
þenf;Nzifh &S;D xifcsw d o
f nf usO;f aNrmif;aom aNratmufvrf;aMumif;av;xJoYdk wd;k 0ifomG ;Edik af vawmhonf/

394
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (37)
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf odkif;orm;rsm;onf vdcsrfvlOD;aqmifrINzifh &efolrsm;udk &ifqdkifEdkif&ef MudKwifNyifqifrIrsm;
NyKvkyfxm;Muonf/ omreftapmifhtMuyfrsm;tNyif wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY vmEdkifonfhvrf;aMumif;rsm;wGifyg
uif;pcef;rsm; NzefYMuufvsuf tapmifhrsm;csxm;onf/
xdkYtNyif pnf;uif;pcef;rsm;udk eHeufvQifwpfMudrf naeydkif;wGifwpfMudrf vSnfhvnfppfaq;onf/
,aeYvnf; 'kwd,&Jwdkufrª;MuD; ,ef,dvifacgif;aqmifaom vSnfhuif;tzGJUonf tNyifpnf;uif;pcef;rsm;udk
vdkufvHppfaq;&m uif;pcef;wpfckokdY a&mufaomtcg uif;wm0efus odkif;orm;okH;a,muf wpfudk,fvkH;
pkwfNywfatmif ukwfqGJxm;onfh 'Pf&mrsm;ESifh aoqkH;aeonfudk awGU&av\/
wd k u f c k d u f o wf N zwf o G m ;ol r sm;ud k rawG U &awmh a omf v nf ; vuf & S d N zpf a y:aeaom taNctaet&
e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;rsm;\ vufcsufNzpfrnf[k ,ef,dvif aumufcsufcscJhonf/
,ef,dvifonf uif;wm0efus odkif;orm;okH;a,mufwdkY\tavmif;rsm;udk aumif;rGefpGm aNr`r§Kyfay;
cJhNyD;aemuf wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY tNrefqkH;NyefvmcJhonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY a&mufonfESifh vdcsrfvludk csufcsif;oGm;awGUonf/
vdcsrfvlrSm rsufESmraumif;bJ tawmfyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;aeonfh toGif&SdaMumif;udk ,ef,dvifawGU&onf/
vdcsrfvl\ teD;tem;wGif&SdaeMuaom wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;rsm;rSmvnf; rsufpdrsufESmysufum
aMumufvefYwkefvIyfaeMuonfh toGifrsKd;&SdaeMuNyefonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;,ckvdk aMumufvefYwkefvIyfacsmufcsm; pdwfvIyf&Sm;ae&onfrSm awmf&kHwef&kH
taMumif;udpör[kwfEdkifaMumif; ,ef,dvif em;vnfvdkufonf/
ta&;MuD;aom udpöwpfckck Nzpfay:aeNyDudkvnf; awG;rdonf/
]]bmawG NzpfaevdkYvJ ocifrav;}}

395
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
odvdkpdwfudk rxdef;EdkifawmhbJ EIwfrSxkwfazmfum ar;vdkuf\/
vdcsrfvlu EIwfrSNyeftaNzray;/ ,ef,dvifudk tem;&Sdtcef;wpfckxJokdY ac:oGm;onf/
xdt k cef;xJwiG f tavmif;ok;H avmif;&Sad eonf/ wpfavmif;rSm &Jwu kd rf ;ª MuD;vdcRefvef\ tavmif;Nzpfonf/
tavmif;okH;ckvkH; wpfudk,fvkH; pkwfNywfatmif ukwfqGJcH&onfh 'Pf&mrsm;Nzifh aoqkH;aeMuNcif;NzpfaMumif;
awGU&onf/
'Pf&mrsm;onf uif;pcef;wGif aoqkH;aom uif;wm0efusokdif;orm; okH;a,mufwdkY\ 'Pf&mrsm;ESifh
twlwlyifNzpfonf/
,ef,dvifyifvQif pdwfxJrSpkd;&drfxdwfvefYp NyKvmonf/
wd k u f c k d u f o wf N zwf o G m ;ol o nf rnf o l r nf 0 gNzpf a Mumif ; wd w d u sus rod & ao;aomf v nf ;
odkif;ynmtpGrf;xufoavmuf &ufpufMurf;MuKwfum vlpdwfuif;vSonfh odkif;orm;qdk;MuD;wpfa,muf
Nzpfrnfudkum; em;vnfEdkifayonf/
xdkodkif;orm;qdk;MuD;onf onfrQESifh auseyf&yfwefYoGm;rnf r[kwfay/
quf v uf wd k u f c d k u f o wf N zwf a yOD ; rnf / xd k o d k i f ; orm;qd k ; MuD ; \ &uf p uf M urf ; MuKwf v S a om
wdkufcdkufowfNzwfrIrsm;udk rnfokdYrnfykH [efYwm;&rnfenf;/
]]'g b,folYvufcsufNzpfovJ ... [if? uRefrwdkY b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ}}
vdcsrfvlu pdk;&drf[efNzifhar;onf/
]]b,foUl vufcsuq f w
kd mudak wmh twdtus aNymEdik zf Ydkcufw,f? 'gayr,fh usKyfwYkdwrd v f mT &Jwu kd Mf uD;tay:rSm
tEÅ&m,f t&dyfrnf;MuD; usa&mufvmrSmuawmh trSefyJ? ta&SUbufuif;pcef;u uif;wm0efus okdif;orm;
okH;a,mufvJ 'DvdktNzpfrsKd; MuKHoGm;&&SmNyD}}
,ef,dvifu NyefaNymvkdufonf/
]][if ...}}
,ef,dvif\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg vdcsrfvlrSm tHhMoxdwfvefYpGm a&&Gwfvdkufrd&Smonf/ xdktcsdefrSmyif
pl;&StufuGJaom &,farmoHMuD;wpfck &kwfw&uf ay:xGufvmavonf/
]][m; [m; [m; ... [D; [D; [D; ... [J [J [J ...}}
&,foHMuD;u aMumufp&maumif;vSonf/ wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wpfckvkH;udk acsmufcsm;zG,f zkH;vTrf;oGm;onf/
&Jwdkuf\ ae&maygif;pkH? axmifhaygif;pkHwGif yJhwifxyfoGm;&m rnfonfhbufrS &,farmoH pwif
ay:vmonfudkyif rcefYrSef;Edkifawmhay/
vdcsrfvlESifh ,ef,dvifwdkYonf tcef;xJrStNyifokdY vSpfceJaNy;xGufvmMuonf/ tNcm;odkif;orm;
rsm;rSmvnf; aMumufrufzG,f&m &,farmoHMuD;aMumifh xdwfvefYvsuf [kdaNy;onfvTm; NzpfukefMuonf/
vdcsrfvlESifh ,ef,dvifwdkYESpfa,muf tNyifbufodkYa&mufvmMucsdefrSmyif aMumufp&m &,farmoHMuD;onf
&kwfw&uf "m;ESifhckwfNzwfvdkufovdk wdceJNywfum &yfwefYoGm;onf/
&,farmoHMuD; ay:xGufvmonfu aMumufp&maumif;ovdk aysmufuG,foGm;ykHuvnf; xdwfvefYp&m
Nzpfayonf/
&,farmoH aysmufqkH;oGm;NyD;aemuf &Jwdkuf\ arQmfpifay:rS tNzLa&mif t&dyfoP²mefwpfck &dyfceJ
vIyf&Sm;ay:xGufvmonf/
vIyf&Sm;ykHu Nrefqefovdk ayghyg;vSonf/
wcPcsif;yif vdcsrfvlwdkY\a&SU aNcvSrf;q,fvSrf;cefYtuGmokdY a&muf&Sday:aygufvmonf/
xd k o l o nf tNzLa&mif 0wf p k H 0 wf x m;onf / acgif ; aygif ; uvnf ; tNzL? zd e yf u vnf ; tNzL?
aNcpGyfuvnf;tNzL/
]]&Sif ... &Sif ... b,folvJ]]
vdcsrfvluar;onf/
pdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif MudK;pm;xdef;csKyfxm;onfhMum;uyif toHrSmwkef,ifaeonf/
]]rdef;uav;u usKyfb,folvJqdkwm odcsifwmudk;? tif; ... tif; od&aphr,f ... od&aphr,f}}
396
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0wfpkHNzL0wfvlonf tvGef[moaNrmufaom NyufvkH;wpfckudk Mum;&onfhtoGifrsKd;Nzifh &,f&,farmarm
aNymonf/
xdkokdYaNymae&mrSm &kwfw&uf rsufESmxm;udkwif;vdkufNyD; ...
]]usKyfemrnf rdpämNzLusef;armufzkef ...}}
rdpmä NzLusef;armufzek [ f al om trnfukd Mum;vdu
k &f onfh ,ef,v d ifrmS rsufEmS uGucf eJ ysufomG ;awmhonf/
ausmxJwGifpdrfhat;atmif MuufoD;arG;nif; axmifxoGm;avonf/
]]rif;u vda&Smufa0&JUorD; vdcsrfvlr[kwfvm;}}
rdpämNzL usef;armufzkefu vdcsrfvludkMunfhNyD; ar;\/
]][kwfw,f}}
vdcsrfvlu toHudkwnfNidrfatmif MudK;pm;xdef;&if;NyefaNzonf/
]]rif;udk aNymp&m&Sdw,f}}
]]aNymyg}}
]]'DaeYn aer0ifciftcsdeftwGif; wdrfvTm&Jwdkufu &SdovQvltm;vkH; z,f&Sm;xGufcGmay;yg? usKyfaNymwJh
twdkif; rvdkufem&if wdrfvTm&JwdkufrSm usef&SdaeorQvltm;vkH; toufaoMu&r,f ... 'gyJ}}
pum;qkH;onfESifh rdpämNzLonf csmceJvSnfhum xGufoGm;onf/
vI y f & S m ;yk H N ref v S a omaMumif h tNzLa&mif w csuf vS p f c eJ N rif & NyD ; aemuf rd p ä m NzLonf Nrif u G i f ; rS
aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/
w[m;[m; &,farmoHMuD;uom pdwfacsmufcsm;zG,f&m usefaecJhonf/ &,farmoHMuD;rSm wppa0;uGmNyD;
aemufqkH;wGif uG,faysmufoGm;onf/
vdcsrfvlonf tMuHÓPfawmif;onfhoabmNzifh ,ef,dvifbufokdY vSnfhMunfhonf/
,ef,dvifu oufNyif;wcsufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]rdpämNzLusef;armufzkef[m odkif;ynmodyfaumif;w,f? odyfvJ &ufpufMurf;MuKwfw,f? usKyfwdkYtaeeJY
olUudb k ,fvekd nf;eJYrS r,SOEf ikd b f ;l ? 'gaMumifh tv[ó taorcHMubJ tomaemufqw k f a&Smifwrd ;f ay;oifyh gw,f
ocifrav;}}
,ef,dvif\pum;rsm;udk vdcsrfvlem;cg;vSonf/
okdYaomf ,ef,dvifaNymonfrSm oifhNrwfrSefuefonfukdvnf; em;vnfvufcHonf/
rdrdtaeNzifhrl wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk pGefYcGmxGufoGm;vdkpdwf r&Sd/ okdYaomf rdrd\vlrsm; tv[ó
taocH&rnfhtNzpfudkvnf; rvdkvm;/ xdktNzpfrsKd;vnf; ra&mufapvdk/
]]'k&Jwdkufrª;MuD;aNymwmudk uRefr em;vnfygw,f? ruefYuGufygbl;? 'gayr,fh ...}}
aNym&if;yif vdcsrfvlrSm toHwdrf0ifoGm;onf/ pum;udkyifqkH;atmif raNymEdkifawmh/
rsufvkH;tdrfrsm;xJrSvnf; rsuf&nfrsm; ,dkpD;usvmawmhonf/
naeapmif;tcsdef/
aerif;MuD;onf taemufbufrdk;ukwfpuf0kdif;wGif ar;wifvsuf awmufyaoma&mifNcnf tvif;wef;rsm;udk
wNznf;Nznf;csif; &kyfodrf;aeonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;onf ykpGefqDa&mif naecsrf;aeNcnfrsm;atmufwGif Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfíaeonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ ocifrav;vdcsrfvlonf &JwdkufarQmfpifatmufwGif&yfvsuf touf0dnmOf uif;rJhovdk
Nzpfaeaom &JwdkufMuD;udk ai;armMunfhaeonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;xJwGif olwpfa,mufrSvGJí tNcm;rnfolrQ r&Sdawmh/
&ifqdkif,SOfNydKif&ef vkH;0rNzpfEdkifaom rdpämNzLusef;armufzkef\ &efpG,ftEÅ&m,frS vGwfaNrmufEdkif&eftwGuf
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufodkif;orm;rsm; a&Smifwdrf;oGm;MuavNyD/ vdcsrfvlwpfa,mufwnf;omvQif wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;rS
rcGJEdkifrcGm&ufbJ usefaecJhonf/
olUpdwfxJwGif ESaNrmNcif;? cHNyif;Ncif;? ,lusKH;r&Ncif;? wrf;w0rf;enf;Ncif;ponfh cHpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;wdkY
Nzpfay:cHpm;ae&onf/
397
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdk;aumif;uifatmufwGif rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; txD;usefNzpfaeovdkvnf; cHpm;vm&onf/
]]azaz&,f}}
vdcsrfvlonf zcifudkwrf;wum a&&Gwfvkdufrdonf/
i,fpOfuyif rdcifaoqk;H oGm;cJo h nfh vdcsrfvt l zdYk avmuMuD;wGif tm;tud;k &qk;H rSm zcifMuD;vda&Smufa0yif
Nzpfonf/
vda&Smufa0 &efoUl vufxo J Ydk usa&mufc&hJ NyD;aemuf vdcsrfvo l nf zcifMuD;OD;aqmifco hJ nfh wdrv f mT &Jwukd u
f kd
rNyKduGJraysmufysuf&atmif wwfpGrf;orQtm;cJum vkyfaqmifcJhonf/
toufi,f&G,fNyD; tawGUtMuKHenf;yg;ao;aomfvnf; pdwfrysuftm;ravQmhbJ tiftm;MuD;rm;vSonfh
wzuf&efolrsm;udk MuHYMuHUcdkifckdif &ifqdkifcJhonf/
,ckawmh vdcsrfvltzdkY bmrQrwwfEdkifawmhNyD/
tiftm;MuD;rm;aom &efoludk&ifqdkif&ef tm;udk;r&SdawmhNyDrdkY &JwdkufarQmfpifay:wufum atmufokdYckefcsNyD;
rdrdukd,frdrd tqkH;pD&if&efyif pdwful;rdonf/
odkYaomf ...
pdwfvkdufrmefyg vkyfívnf;rNzpf/ rdrdaoqkH;oGm;onfu ta&;rMuD;? rdrdr&SdawmhvQif &efolYvufokdY
usa&mufaeaom zcifMuD;udk rnfolu u,fwifay;rnfenf;[k awG;um rdrdukd,frdrd owfaovdkaompdwfudk
csKd;ESdrfwm;qD;xm;&onf/
rdrdudk ulnDay;cJhol &SD;xifcsdwfudkvnf; vdcsrfvlowd&rdNyefonf/
]]tif; ... tckae tpfudk&SD;xifcsdwf &Sd&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ? tckawmh ighwpfa,mufwnf; ... [if; ...}}
vdcsrfvlonf wpfa,mufwnf; pdwftm;i,fum wD;wdk;a&&Gwf&if; oufNyif;wcsufcsvdkufrdonf/
]]pdwfysufraeygeJY csrfvl}}
&kwfw&uf pum;oHwpfckudk Mum;vdkuf&aomaMumifh &ifxJwGifxdwfceJ NzpfoGm;onf/
rdrd\pdwfxJwGif xif&mNrif&mpdwful;um pum;oHvdkvdk bmvdkvdk Mum;rdNcif;rsm; Nzpfavrnfvm;[kvnf;
xifrdonf/
odkYaomf rsufvkH;uawmh [kd[kdonfonfupm;um Munfhvdkufrdonf/
&JwdkufarQmfpif\ ab;bufwae&mwGif rD;ckd;a&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfh vlwpfa,muf&yfaeonfudk
vdcsrfvlawGUvkduf&onf/
]][if ... tpfudkxifcsdwf}}
vdcsrfvl tm;&0rf;omyif atmfac:vkdufrdawmhonf/
rD;ckd;a&mif0wfpkH0wfxm;onfhvlrSm olwrf;waerdaom &SD;xifcsdwfNzpfaeonf r[kwfygvm;/
vdcsrfvlonf rdbrJhNzpfum 'ku©a&mufaeaom uav;i,fwpfa,muf aqGrsKd;&if;csmwpfa,mufudk
&kwfw&ufNyefvnf awGU&onfhES,f cHpm;&onf/
[efaqmifíyif raeEdkifawmhbJ &SD;xifcsdwfxHokdY aNy;oGm;um tm;&yg;& ayGUzufvkdufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\&ifcGifxJokdY wdk;0ifrdonfhtcsdefwGif MuD;rm;aompGrf;tifwpfckckudk ckdvIH&bdouJhokdY
tm;wufvmonf/
0rf ; omvG e f ; aomaMumif h &S D ; xif c sd w f rnf o k d Y rnf y k H &ef o l Y vuf r S v G w f a Nrmuf u m þae&mod k Y
a&mufvmEdkifcJhonfqdkNcif;udk ar;&efyif owdr&awmhay/
]]rdpämNzL&JUtEÅ&m,fudk aMumufaep&m rvdkawmhygbl; csrfvl}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu vdcsrfvludk tm;ay;pum;aNymonf/
vdcsrfvlbmrQraNym/ &SD;xifcsdwf\ &ifcGifus,fMuD;xJwGif rsufESmudktyfumxm;aerdonf/
]][kwfygw,f? rdpämNzLomrubl; b,f&efpG,fudkrS aMumufp&mrvdkygbl;}}
vlpdrf;wpfa,muf\ pum;oHudkMum;&onfhtcgwGifrS vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwf\&ifcGifxJwGif
wdk;0ifxm;aom acgif;udkNyefaxmifum aemufokdY aNcwpfvSrf;qkwfvsuf toH&SifudkvSrf;Munfhonf/
olwdkYab;em;wGif ydefydef&Snf&Snfvlwpfa,muf &yfaeonfudk awGUvkduf&\/
398
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]'gu uRefawmfh&JUrdwfaqGMuD; ,efavmufqefyg? t&kd;aysmh,efavmufqefvdkYvJ ac:ygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu vdcsrfvlESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYudk rdwfqufay;vdkufonf/
vdcsrfvlESifh ,efavmufqefwkdY wpfOD;udkwpfOD; tNyeftvSef t&dktaoay;vdkufMuonf/
]]tpfudk uRefrudkpdwfqdk;aeovm; ... [if? wu,fawmh tpfudk&efolUvufxJ a&mufoGm;&wm uRefr
tNypfvrJ uif;ygbl;? tpfuYkd tay:oHo,Nzpfp&m enf;enf;&Sad evdYk OD;&D;awmfvad uG[mG u tus,fcsKyfoabmxm;zdYk
tMuHay;wmudk uRefroabmwlvdkufrdw,f? OD;&D;awmfu tpfudkYudk tus,fcsKyfoabmr[kwfbJ taumufÓPfeJY
aq;cwfNyD; &efoYl vufxt J yfvu dk w
f m aemufyikd ;f rSuRefrod&ygw,f? olopömazmufcw hJ mawGvJ tm;vk;H ay:vmygNyD?
tpfudkYtay:oHo,0ifcJhrdwJh uRefrudkcGifhvTwfygvkdY awmif;yefyg&ap tpfudk&,f}}
vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk awmif;yefpum;qdkonf/
]]udpör&Sdygbl; vdcsrfvl? taNctaeawGudk uRefawmfem;vnfygw,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyKH;&,fNyD; NyefaNymonf/
]]aMomf ... arhaevdkufwm? tpfudk b,fvdkvkyfNyD; &efolYvufu vGwfvmwmvJ[if}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdtzrf;cH&ykH? aNratmufvQKdU0Sufcef;xJwGif ydwfrdum ,efavmufqefESifhawGU&NyD; vGwfvrf;
&SmcJhykHrsm;udk aNymNyNyD;aemuf usOf;aNrmif;vSaom aNratmufvrf;aMumif;twkdif; wdk;xGufvmcJh&ykHrsm;udk qufvuf
aNymNyonf/
,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYonf ydkíydkí usOf;aNrmif;vmaom aNratmufvrf;aMumif;twdkif;
MudK;pm;um wdk;xGufvmcJhMu&m tcuftcJrsm;pGmudk &ifqdkif&NyD;aemuf aNrNyifay:odkY a&mufvmcJhonf/
,efavmufqef MudKwifcefYrSef;cJhonfhtwkdif;yif aNrNyifay:wGif rD;ykHMuD;rsm; avmifuRrf;aeonfudk
awGU&onf/
xdYk Nyif olwYkda&mufaeonfah e&mrSm uke;f pGecf s\
D tdraf *[mMuD;wnf&&dS m aNrae&mwGiyf if NzpfaeaMumif;vnf;
NrifMu&onf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mMuD; rD;avmifNyD; rdwfqkHr*FvmyGJokdY wufa&mufMuaom odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;
xl;qef;pGm aysmufqkH;oGm;rIonf odkif;avmuwGif *,ufxoGm;awmhonf/ þudpöonf e*g;NzLa*[m\
vufcsuf[k trsm;uxifaMu;ay;Muonf/
aNre*g;*dkPf;csKyf ukef;pGefcsD\vkyfMuHrINzpfaMumif;udkum; rnfolrQrawG;rdMuay/
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;\ tquftEG,f odkif;orm;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\acgif;aqmifrsm;?
q&mrsm;? aoG;aomufnDaemifrsm; vGwfaNrmufEdkifa&;twGuf rdrdwdkYenf;NzihfrdrdwkdY pkHprf;&SmazGvIyf&Sm;cJhMu&mrS
,aeYnwGif ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mwnf&Sd&m NcH0if;xJokdY a&mufvmMuonf/
þodkYNzifh MudKwifwkdifyif csdef;qdkxm;Ncif;r&SdbJ *dkPf;tzGJYtoD;oD;rS rdrdwdkYtpkESifhrdrdwkdY a&mufvmMuaom
odkif;orm;rsm;onf ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mNcH0if;xJwGif pkpnf;Muonf/
olwdkYonf MunfeefNrdKUESifh teD;0ef;usifwGif vdkufvHpkHprf;aomfvnf; aysmufqkH;aeolrsm;taMumif;
owif;tpteyif r&EdkifbJ&Sdae&m þtdrfa*[mNcH0if;atmufwGif aNratmufvQKdU0Sufcef;rsm; &SdEdkifrnf[k
awG;rdoluawG;rdum 0ifaygufxGufaygufudk vdkuf&SmMuonf/
b,fvdkrS&Smí rawGUMu/
þwGif tcsKdUu aNrvSef&Sm&ef tMuHay;onf/ tcsKdUurl aNrMuD;ay:wGif rD;ykHrsm;NyKum rD;wkdufvQif
aNrMuD;ylvmNyD; aNratmufwGifvl&Sdaeygu rcHEdkifbJxGufvmrnf[k qdkMuonf/
aNrvSef&Sm&ef tcsdefrsm;pGm,l&rnfNzpfí tcsdefwdkwdk tvG,fqkH;enf;vrf;udk a&G;cs,fum NcH0if;ae&mtESHY
rD;ykHMuD;rsm; NyKvkyfvdkufMuonf/
þvk y f a qmif c suf r S m tawmf a v;xd a &muf o nf [ k qd k & onf / aNratmuf c ef ; rsm;wG i f taNccs
yke;f atmif;aeMuaom uke;f pGecf sED iS hf olUvlrsm;onf olwYkd\taNcpdu k pf cef;udk pGeYf cmG um rvG,af ygufvrf;aMumif;rsm;rS
tNcm;ae&mrsm;okdY xGufoGm;Muavawmh\/

399
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefEiS hf &S;D xifcsw
d w
f YkdtzdYk uHaumif;onfrmS olwYkdw;kd xGuv
f mMuonfah e&monf NcH0if;ab;buf
a&EkwfaNrmif;urf;yg;em;wGifNzpfNyD; arSmif&dyfusaom acsmifxJwGif&SdonfhtwGuf olwdkYxGufvmMuonfudk rnfolrS
rodMuNcif;Nzpfayonf/

]]tJ'Dvdk aNray:udk a&mufvmMuNyD;wJhaemuf csrfvltwGuf pkd;&drfrdwmeJY t0wftpm;wpfpkHpD0,fvJ0wfNyD;


'Duv kd mcJMh uwmyJ? wdrv f mT &Jwu kd u
f kd rdpmä NzLusef;armufzek f vmNcdr;f aNcmufNyD; tEÅ&m,fNyKr,fMuHwmudv k J odc&hJ w,f}}
&S;D xifcsdwu f pum;udk vufpowfvu kd of nf/ &S;D xifcsdwf aNymNyaepOfwavQmufv;Hk rsufvmT uav;0ifu h m
ai;pdkufMunfhaerdaom vdcsrfvlrSm onfawmhrS rsufvTmuav;csrdawmhonf/
rdrd\zcifudk e*g;NzLa*[m odkif;orm;rsm;u zrf;qD;xm;onf[k vdcsrfvlxifcJhonf/ ,ck&SD;xifcsdwf
aNymNyonfh pum;rsm;udkMum;&NyD;rS þudpt ö 00onf ukef;pGefcsDvQKdU0SufvkyfMuHcsufNzpfaMumif; od&avawmhonf/
þodkYod&onfESifh zcifNzpfoltwGuf pdk;&drfpdwfvnf; tawmftoifh avsmhenf;oGm;onf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf vloltiftm;pkaqmif; xlaxmifaecsdefNzpfonf/ odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;udkvnf;
ol U vuf a tmuf o d r f ; oG i f ; vd k a eonf / xd k Y aMumif h vd a &S m uf a 0ud k v nf ; od r f ; oG i f ; tok H ; csEd k i f & ef
zrf ; qD ; csKyf a ES m if x m;Ncif ; Nzpf N yD ; ,ck a vmavmq,f w G i f owf N zwf & ef pd w f u l ; OD ; rnf r [k w f a Mumif ;
vdcsrfvlawG;rdonf/
]]rdpämNzLudk uRefrwdkY b,fvdkrSr,SOfEdkifbl;? 'gaMumifh uRefrvlawGudk tv[ó toufrqkH;&atmif
&Jwdkufuae xGufcGmcdkif;vdkufNyD? uRefruawmh &JwdkufMuD;tay: oHa,mZOfrNzwfEdkifvdkY wpfa,mufwnf;
usefaecJhwmyJ}}
vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfudk tm;udk;aomtMunfhNzifh MunfhNyD;aNymvkdufonf/
]]rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefeJY rdpämeuf usef;armufwdwfwdkY nDaemiftaMumif;udk tbaNymNyxm;vdkY
uRefawmfodxm;NyD;ygNyD? olwdkYnDaemifESpfa,mufpvkH; a&mufvm&ifawmif uRefawmf&ifqdkifckcHay;yghr,f?
bmrSpdk;&drfraeygeJY}}
&SDxifcsdwf\pum;u vdcsrfvltwGuf tm;wufaponfhtNyif &ifxJwGifvnf; aEG;axG;pGm cHpm;vkduf
&awmhonf/
ae0ifoGm;NyD/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;onf wpwp vTrf;NcKHvmaom tarSmif&dyfatmufwGif Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfí aeonf/
tarSmif&dyfESifhtwl tEÅ&m,ftaiGUtoufawGuvnf; wdk;yGm;vmonf/
rdpmä NzLuse;f armufzek o f nf av\vsiNf refNcif;Nzifh oGuv f ufayghyg;pGmvIy&f mS ;NyD; &Jwu
kd \
f tkwwf wH ikd ;f ay:odYk
a&mufvmonf/
tkwfwHwdkif;ay:wGif aNccs&yfum wdrfvTm&JwkdufMuD;udk tuJcwfovdk rsufpdupm;Munfhvdkufonf/
]][m; [m; [m; ... [D; [D; [D; ...}}
pl;&StufuGJaom&,farmoHu wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk vTrf;NcKHum yJhwifxyfoGm;onf/ &,foHukd&kwfw&uf
&yfwefYvdkufonfESifh wdwfqdwfNidrfoufrIu aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif vTrf;NcKHvmNyefonf/
]]&JwdkufrSm owåd&Sd&SdeJY b,folusefaecJhao;vJ? usefwJhvl&Sd&if xGufvmcJh}}
usef;armufzkefu pl;&StufuGJaomtoHESifh atmf[pfaNymqdkonf/
olUpum;oHtqkH;wGif &Jwdkuf\tcef;wpfckxJrS rD;ckd;a&mif0wfpkH0wfvl&G,fwpfa,muf aNcvSrf;rSefrSefNzifh
avQmufvSrf;xGufvmonf/ vl&G,f\rsufESmtrlt&mrSm at;aq;wnfNidrfvSonf/
pkd;&GHUaemufwGefYonfh trlt&mrsKd;vkH;0r&Sd/ avnif;cH&ef xGufvmonfhtoGifrsKd;/
usef ; armuf z k e f o nf vsif N ref p G m vI y f & S m ;vd k u f & m wcPtwG i f ; rS m yif vl & G , f \ a&S U arS m uf o k d Y
&dyfceJa&mufoGm;onf/
usef;armufzkef\ udk,fazmhynmum; aumif;rGeftqifhNrifhvSacsonfwum;/
]]rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefqdkwm cifAsm;vm;}}
vl&G,fu avoHat;at;ESifh ar;onf/
400
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrd\trnfudkMum;&&kHESifh awmf&kHwef&kH odkif;orm;wdkif; zdrfhzdrfhwkefoGm;&NrJ Nzpfaomvnf; xdkvl&G,fu
at;at;aq;aq;yif pum;qdkaeonfhtwGuf usef;armufzkef tawmfav;cHNyif;oGm;rdonf/
]]at; ... [kwfw,f}}
usef;armufzkefu cyfxefxefaNymonf/
xdkodkYaNymNyNyD;onfESifh ol\tpGrf;xufNrufvSaom rdpämaoG;aomufokdif;udk tokH;NyKum vl&G,ftm;
vufonf;rsm;Nzifh vSrf;ukwfqGJonf/
rdpämNzLvufonf;rsm;u &Snfvsm;onf/ ukwfqGJ[efu Nrefqefovdk Murf;wrf;&ufpufvSonf/
rD;ckad &mif0wfp0Hk wfv&l ,G u f kd vufonf;ukwq f cJG sufrsm;u vTr;f rd;k oGm;onf/ a&Smifwrd ;f &ef tvGecf ufonfh
tusOf;tusyf taNctaersKd; Nzpfay:vmonf/
rD;ckda&mif0wfpkH0wfvl&G,ftzdkY a&SUwdk;zdkYvnf;rvG,f? aemufqkwf&efvnf; tcuf/ ab;wzufwcsufudk
a&SmifvdkYuvnf; tcGifhrom/
"m;a`rSmifoGm;q,fckES,f cRefxufvSaom vufonf;&SnfMuD;rsm;\ ukwfqGJrIudk onftwdkif;cH&awmhrnfh
oabmNzpfaeonf/
þtaNctaewGif vl&, G o f nf rdpmä NzLuse;f armufzek f b,fvrkd aS rQmv f ifrh xm;aom vIy&f mS ;rIukd NyKvduk o f nf/
]]usm; ... ,m; ,m; ,m;}}
rmefoGif;[pfaMuG;oHESifhtwl vl&G,f\ udk,fcE¨monf avxJodkY aNrmufMuGwufoGm;onf/
]][m ... e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufygvm;}}
rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefEIwfrS wtHhwMo a&&Gwfvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif avxJokdY ckefMuGaNrmufwufoGm;aom vl&G,f\udk,fcE¨monf rdpämNzLay:odkY tkyfrdk;
usvmonf/ aNcuefcsuf? vuf0g;&kdufcsufrsm;uvnf; wNydKifeuf 0ifa&mufvmonf/
xdktcsdefwGif usef;armufzkefuvnf; rdpämaoG;aomufodkif;uGufNzifh vl&G,fudkwdkufcdkufaeqJ Nzpfonf/
wdkufckdufrIESpfckwdkY awhawhqdkifqkdifyif &ifqdkifrdonf/
tu,fí wpfa,mufa,mufu odkif;uGufudk&kyfodrf;um aemufqkwfNcif;rNyKvQif wpfa,mufvufcsufudk
wpfa,mufra&SmifEdkifawmhbJ ESpfa,mufvkH;xdrdMuawmhrnf NzpfaMumif; usef;armufzkef &dyfrdvdkufonf/
usef;armufzkefonf aemufqkwf&ifpdwfrul;bJ odkif;uGufudkydkrdktm;Nznhfum tpGrf;ukefwdkufckdufvkdufonf/
rdrud aNrMuD;udk aNcaxmufum tm;NyKaeEdik Nf yD; wzufv&l , G u
f avxJwiG t f m;NyKp&m trmcHr&So d nfth wGuf
ESpfa,mufvkH;xdrdvQif rdrduoufomNyD; vl&G,frSmrl txdemrnf[k wGufqcJhonf/
]]zkef; ... zkef;}}
vl&G,f\aNcuefcsufESpfcsufu usef;armufzkef\ b,fnmyckH;ESpfbufudk ususee uefrdonf/
usef;armufzkef\ yckH;ESpfzuf usOfceJNzpfoGm;onf/
]]zwf ...}}
usef;armufzkef\ nmvufacsmif;rsm;uvnf; vl&G,f\ b,fbufaNcovkH;udk ukwfqGJrdonf/
yckH;udk tuefcHvdkuf&aomaMumifh usef;armufzkef\ b,fnmvufarmif;ESpfzufwGif tm;aysmhoGm;onf/
ukwfqGJcsuf rSmvnf; tm;tifygoifhoavmuf rygEdkifawmh/ ododomomyif tm;tifavsmhenf;oGm;onf/
usef;armufzkefonf taNcr[efonfudk &kwfNcnf;&dyfrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh csufcsif;yif aemufokdY
ckefqkwfvdkufonf/
[efcsufysufaeNyD NzpfaomaMumifh aemufokdY ',drf;',dkifNzifh ,drf;,dkifum zifxdkifvsuf vJusoGm;onf/
wzufvl&G,furl aNrNyifay:odkY ayghyg;nifompGm vSvSyyav; Nyefusum vufydkufvsuf rwfwwf
&yfaeonf/
tu,fí usef;armufzek o f m pd;k &drpf w
d v
f eG Nf yD; aemufoYdk tavmwMuD; qkwrf oGm;vQif ,ckvkd ykyH sufyef;ysuf
zifxdkifvsuf vJusoGm;rnfr[kwfay/
vl&G,ftaeNzifh usef;armufzkefudk tEdkif&rnfNzpfaomfvnf; uyfumoDum tEdkif,lEdkifNcif; Nzpfayonf/
,ckuJhokdY tNywftowftEdkif&vdkufNcif;rsKd; ray:aygufEdkifay/
401
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
tMudwfte,fwdkufckdufyGJwGif pdwfavmMuD;pGm qkH;NzwfcsufrSm;,Gif;vQif ta&;edrfhrIrsKd; MuKH&wwfayonf/
]]rif;b,folvJ}}
usef;armufzkef\ vl&G,fudk pdef;pdef;MunfhNyD; ar;\/
]]e*g;NzLav; &SD;xifcsdwf}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu wrifyif e*g;NzLav;[laom wifpm;trnfudkcH,lum aNymvdkufonf/
usef;armufzkef rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/
]]e*g;NzLav;&SD;xifcsdwf}} qdkonfhtrnfudk olrMum;bl;ay/
vufawGU&ifqdkif wdkufcdkufNyD;NyDrdkY e*g;NzLav;&SD;xifcsdwfqdkol\ odkif;ynmtqifhrSm e*g;u0dckepfqlwdkYESifh
wef;wl&Sdonfudk usef;armufzkef od&NyDNzpfonf/
þrQavmuf okdif;ynmpGrf;&nfxufNrufaom e*g;NzLav;&SD;xifcsdwf\ trnfonf odkif;avmuwGif
bmaMumifh rxif&Sm;rausmfMum;bJ &Sdae&oenf;[kvnf; pdwfxJwGifawG;aerdonf/
]]cif A sm; touf r aocsif b l ; qd k & if aemuf v S n f h N yD ; Nyef E d k i f w ,f ? tJ ... rd k u f & l ; &J e J Y quf w d k u f
csifao;w,fqdk&ifvJ uRefawmfu tqifhoifhygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu usef;armufzkefudk pdefac:vkdufNyefonf/
usef;armufzkefonf rdrduEdkif&onfh olrsm;tay:wGif &uf&ufpufpufNyKwwfovdk tuif;vnf;yg;onf/
e*g;NzLav;&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrdxufokdif;ynmpGrf;&nf omvGefonfudk odNyD;Nzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh rdkuf&l;&Jvkyfum twif;ZGwfrSdwfvdkufNcif; rNyKawmhbJ csmceJvSnfhum xGufcGmoGm;awmhonf/
wdkufyGJtaNctaeudk tcef;wpfckxJrS tomtuJcwfMunfhaeaom ,efavmufqefESifhvdcsrfvlwdkYonf
&SD;xifcsdwftEdkif&vkdufaMumif; awGU&aomtcg 0rf;omtm;&xGufvmNyD; csD;rGrf;pum;aNymMuonf/
tiftm;MuD;rm;aom &efolrsm;udk ESdrfeif;tEdkif,l atmifyGJcH&csdefwGif tpOftvmvTifhxlNrJNzpfaom
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ atmifvHeDudk vdcsrfvlu &JwdkufarQmfpifxdyfwGif *kPf,lpGm vTifhwifvdkufonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf rvTJomra&Smifomaom taNctaeaMumifh wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS
xGufcGmoGm;cJhMu&aomfvnf; a0;a0;vHvHodkY roGm;EdkifMubJ rvSrf;rurf; teD;0ef;usifw0dkufwGifom &SdaeMuonf/
xdo k rl sm;teuf tcsKdUu &Jwu kd af rQmfpifxyd wf iG f vTix hf v
l maom wdrv f mT &Jwukd \
f atmifveH u D kd NrifMuonf/
xdkatmifvHeDudk Nrif&onfhtwGuf tm;wufvmMuonf/
wqifhpum; wqifhem;qdkovkd tNcm;odkif;orm;rsm;vnf; &JwdkufarQmfpifxdyfwGif atmifvHeDudk
vTifhxlxm;aMumif; odukefMuonf/
þwGif pdwftm;wufMuGvmaom wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ odkif;orm;taygif;wdkYonf &JwdkufMuD;&Sd&modkY
NyefvmMuonf/
þok d Y N zif h aemuf q k H ; wG i f wd r f v T m &J w d k u f o d k Y od k i f ; orm;tm;vk H ; yif Nyef v nf a &muf & S d v mMuNyD ;
vI y f & S m ;touf 0 if v mcJ h & Nyef a vonf / ,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y onf &k y f z suf N yKNyif u m
vdcsrfvl\vufpGJawmf odkif;orm;ESpfa,muf toGifrsKd;Nzifh trIxrf;Muonf/
&J w d k u f o k d Y Nyef a &muf v mMuonf h od k i f ; orm;rsm;onf rd r d w d k Y ocif r av;teD ; wG i f
vufpGJawmfodkif;orm;ESpfa,muf &Sdaeonfudk odMuaomtcg tawmfyiftHhMooGm;Muonf/
xdkvufpGJokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf rlv&kyf&nfrsm;Nzifhr[kwfbJ &kyfzsufxm;rSef; tuJcwfrdMuaomfvnf;
rnfolrnf0grsm;NzpfaMumif;udkum; rodMuay/
vdcsrfvlu þvufpGJokdif;orm;ESpfa,muf\ tultnDNzifh rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefukd wGef;vSef
wdkufxkwfvdkufEdkifaMumif; aNymNyaomtcg &Jwdkuf\odkif;orm;taygif;onf vufpGJodkif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk
av;av;pm;pm;yif qufqHMuonf/ bmrQpyfpk ar;Nref;aeNcif; rNyKMuawmhay/

402
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rd p ä m NzLusef ; armuf z k e f ta&;&I H ; ed r f h Nyef o G m ;&NyD ; aemuf ok H ; &uf t MumwG i f wd r f v T m &J w d k u f o d k Y
wyfom;wpfa,mufa&muf&Sdvmum vdcsrfvltm; pmwpfapmifay;onf/
xdkpmxJwGif wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ ta&SUbufq,frdkiftuGmwGif&Sdonfh Mu,fwHcGefa*[modkY wdrfvTm&Jwkduf
ocifrav;\ vufpGJodkif;orm;ESpfOD;vma&mufí odkif;ynm,SOfNydKif&ef zdwfac:xm;onf/ vma&mufNcif;rNyKygu
wdrfvTm&JwdkufocifMuD; vda&Smufa0udk owfNzwfypfrnfNzpfaMumif;vnf; Ncdrf;aNcmufxm;onf/
pmwGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;Ncif; r&Sdovdk pmay;ydkYol\trnfudkvnf; azmfNyrxm;ay/
vdcsrfvlu &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYudk oD;oefYcef;xJwGif ac:,lawGUqkHNyD; pmNyum
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;onf/
]]'gaxmifacsmufqifwmyJ Nzpfvdrfhr,f}}
pmudkzwfMunfhNyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefu rSwfcsufcsonf/
vdcsrfvlonf rdrdzcif\ touftEÅ&m,ftwGufvnf; pdk;&drfrdonf/ xdkenf;wl &SD;xifcsdwfESifh
,efavmufqefwdkY ESpfa,muf wzufvlrsm;\ y&d,m,faxmifacsmufxJokdY wdk;0ifoGm;&rnfhtNzpfudkvnf;
rvdkvm;ay/
olwdkYESpfa,mufr&SdvQif rdpämNzLonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY vma&mufwkdufckduf&efNyKOD;rnfudk vdcsrfvlodonf/
rdpämNzLwpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfbJ rdpämeufvnf; ygaumif;ygvmEdkifonf/
rdpämnDaemifwdkYom vma&mufwkdufckdufygu wdrfvTm&JwdkuftzdkY tqkH;owf ed*kH;csKyf&awmhrnfhoabm
Nzpfaeayonf/
vdcsrfvl awG;awmpdk;&drfaeonfhtcsufudk &SD;xifcsdwftuJcwfrdonf/
]]ukef;pGefcsDwdkY[m olwdkY&JUaNratmuf taNcpdkufpcef;MuD;udk pGefYvTwfxGufvm&NyD;wJhaemuf wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
taNcpdkufpcef;vkyfcsifvkdY tydkifpD;zkdY MuHwmNzpfvdrfhr,f? olwdkYtMuHratmifao;awmh Mu,fwHcGefa*[mrSm
acwåpcef;cscsifcsaeEdkifw,f? 'gaMumifh uRefawmhfoabmu Mu,fwHcGefa*[mudk oGm;NyD;pkHprf;Munfhcsifw,f}}
vdcsrfvlu wpkHw&maNymrnftNyKwGif &SD;xifcsdwfu vufumNyum qufvufí ...
]]uRefawmfwdkYu olwdkYpdefac:zdwfMum;wmudk vufcHNyD;aNymifawmh roGm;ygbl;? a[m'D&JwdkufrSm uRefawmf
wdYk vkd &kyzf sufxm;wJv h El pS af ,mufukd uRefawmfwYkd toGirf sKd; xm;&pfcrhJ ,f? uRefawmfwYkd uawmh wNcm;&kyw f rsKd;zsufNyD;
Mu,fwHcGefa*[mudk wdwfwqdwfoGm;pkHprf;r,f? tJ'Dvdk pkHprf;wJhtcgrSmvJ taNctaeay:MunfhNyD; trsKd;rsKd;aNymif;vJ
vIyf&Sm;Mur,f? uRefawmfaNymwm raumif;bl;vm;}}
vdcsrfvlu csufcsif;qkH;Nzwfcsuf ray;ao;bJ ,efavmufqefudkMunfhonf/
]]tck avmavmq,frSmawmh 'DtMuHtaumif;qkH;yJ}}
,efavmufqefu acgif;ndwfNyNyD;aNymonf/
]]aumif;ygNyDav ... tpfudkxifcsdwf aNymwJhtMuHtwkdif;yJ vkyfMuwmaygh? owdawmh xm;Muygaemf}}
aemufqkH;wGif vdcsrfvlvnf; acgif;ndwfoabmwlvdkufavawmhonf/

403
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (38)
aNreDvrf;ay:wGif Nrif;vSnf;wpfpD; a&GUvsm;oGm;aeonf/
vrf;onf aNzmifhNzL;aomfvnf; nDnmaumif;rGefNcif; r&Sd/
csKdifhawG usif;awG trsm;tNym;&Sdonf/
ausmufwkH;ausmufcJrsm;vnf; aygrsm;NyefYusJae\/
Nrif;vSnf;uvnf; aumif;rGefopfvGifonfh Nrif;vSnf;r[kwf? a[mif;EGrf;aeaom vSnf;tdkMuD;Nzpfonf/
vrf;uraumif;? vSnf;uvnf; tdkae&m Nrif;vSnf;onf NrefNrefroGm;Edkif/
cyfNznf;Nznf;Nzifh wa&GUa&GUom oGm;ae\/
Nrif;vSnf;ay:wGif om;tzNzpf[efwlaom aus;awmom;tbkd;tdkwpfa,mufESifh vl&G,fwpfa,muf
yg&Sdvmonf/
vl&G,fu Nrif;vSnf;udkarmif;onf/ tbdk;tdkuawmh Nrif;vSnf;tdrfxJwGif xdkifvsufvdkufvmonf/
xdktbdk;tkdESifh vl&G,fwdkYrSm &kyfzsufxm;aom ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYyif Nzpfonf/
þaNreDvrf;twdkif;oGm;vQif Mu,fwHcGefa*[mokdY a&muf\/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[monf wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ aNrmufbuf q,frdkifcefYtuGmwGif &Sdonf/
aNreDvrf;onf csKdifhrsm;usif;rsm;xlxyfNyD; ausmufwkH;ausmufcJawG rsm;Nym;aomfvnf; Nrif;vSnf;
armif;oGm;íum; &\/
]]xifcsdwf ... cP&yfvkdufprf;}}
404
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csKdifh0Srf;rsm;xlaNymaom aNreDvrf;av;twdkif; Nrif;vSnf;udkarmif;ESifvm&m c&D;w0ufcefYta&mufwGif
,efavmufqefu wD;wdk;aNymqdkonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfvnf; Nrif;ZufMudK;udkqGJum &yfwefYvdkufonf/
]]Nrif;vSnf;udk bmNzpfvdkY t&yfcdkif;&wmvJ tb}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudkvSnfhMunfhNyD; ar;\/
]][kda&SUem;u aNrnDNyD; ab;bufu ausmufwkH;ykHMuD;awG &SdaewJhae&mudk igrouFmbl;}}
,efavmufqefu aNreDvrf;wpfae&mudk nTefNyNyD;aNym\/
aNreDvrf;wGif csKdifhrsm;? cJrsm; tawmfrsm;Nym;aomfvnf; ,efavmufqefnTefNyaom ae&mwGifrl csKdifhrsm;?
cJrsm;r&SdbJ q,fayausmfausmfcefY nDnmNyefYNyL;aom ae&mNzpfaeonf/
xdkYNyif xdkae&mwGif vrf;ab;wzufwcsufü ausmufcJykHMuD;rsm;vnf; &Sdaeonf/
]]igwdkYESpfa,muf Nrif;vSnf;ay:u qif;aecJhNyD; Nrif;vSnf;udk 'Dtwdkif;qufarmif;vdkufr,f? tJ'Dae&mudk
Nzwf&if b,fvdkNzpfrvJqdkwm apmifhMunfhMuwmaygh}}
,efavmufqefu qufaNymonf/
wqufwnf;yif olwdkYESpfa,muf Nrif;vSnf;ay:rS qif;vdkufMuonf/
xdkYaemuf Nrif;vSnf;qGJaomNrif;udk tomarmif;ESifvdkuf&m vSnf;tkdMuD;onf aNreDvrf;twdkif; wa&GUa&GU
qufvufoGm;avawmhonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef E S i f h &S D ; xif c sd w f w d k Y onf wa&G U a&G U oG m ;aeaom Nrif ; vS n f ; ud k tom&yf N yD ;
tuJcwfMunfhaeMuonf/ bmawG NzpfvmrnfqdkNcif;udk odvdkaeMuonf/
Nrif;vSnf;onf ,efavmufqef oHo,Nzpfaeonfhae&mESifh wppeD;uyfvmonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYrSmvnf;
ydkípdwfarmvmMuonf/ taNzay:&ef tcsdefra0;awmhay/
aemufqkH;wGif ,efavmufqef oHo,Nzpfaeaom ae&modkY Nrif;vSnf;a&muf&SdoGm;onf/
xdkae&may:odkY Nrif;vSnf;NzwfoGm;rdonfESifh ...
]]0kef;}}
us,favmifaom toHNrnf[def;um vrf;ay:rSaNrMuD;rsm; atmufokdYNydKusvsuf usif;MuD;wpfck
Nzpfay:oGm;onf/ Nrif;vSnf;rSmvnf; xdkusif;MuD;xJokdY uRHusoGm;onf/
wNydKifeufwnf;rSmyif vrfab;wzufwcsuf&Sd ausmufcJykHrsm;rS ausmufwkH;MuD;rsm;vnf; usif;xJokdY
NydKusvmMuNyefonf/
tu,fí &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYESpfa,mufom Nrif;vSnf;xJwGifygoGm;ygu toufESifhudk,f
td;k pm;uGMJ u&rnfrvGaJ y/ tawGUtMuKH&ifu h sufaom ,efavmufqef\ tNrifus,fNyD; MudKwifNyifqifr&I adS omaMumifh
touftEÅ&m,frS vGwfMu&Ncif;Nzpfonf/
]]ukef;pGefcsDuawmh wu,fhudk tMuHMuD;MuHxm;wmyJ? 'Dawmh igwdkYtpDtpOf wrsKd;aNymif;MurSNzpfr,f}}
,efavmufqefu aNymif;vJvkyfaqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwftm;aNymNyonf/
xdkYaemuf ESpfa,mufom;vkyfp&m&Sdonfrsm;udk qufvkyfMuavawmhonf/
aNreDvrf;ay:ü aNrusif;axmifacsmuf NyKvkyfxm;aomae&mESifh rdkif0ufcefYa0;aom opfyifMuD;
wpfyifatmufwGif rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefESifh rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfwdkY NidrfoufpGmxkdifaeMuonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf twGif;tm;pkpnf;um aomwtm&kHaMumrsm;udk Edk;Mum;apvsuf toHrsm;udk
em;pG i f h a eMuonf N zpf & m aNrusif ; Nyd K usoH ? ausmuf w k H ; MuD ; rsm; usif ; xJ o k d Y vd r f h q if ; usoG m ;oH w d k Y ud k
aumif;pGmMum;&onf/
xdktoHrsm;um; olwdkYtwGuf tcsufay;oHrsm;yifwnf;/
xdktoHrsm;udk Mum;&onfESifh rdpämnDaemifwdkYonf xdkifae&mrS &kwfNcnf;xum wdrfvTm&JwdkufbufokdY
ayghyg;NrefqefvSonfh aNcvSrf;rsm;Nzifh oGufvufpGm xGufvmMuavawmhonf/
ukef;pGefcsDum; wu,fyif tMuHMuD;vSonf/

405
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&S;D xifcsdww f Ydk vmrnfv h rf;wGif axmifacsmufqifum taoowfNzwfEikd &f ef pDrcH o hJ nf/ xdYk oYdk axmifacsmuf
qifxm;rIukd r&dyrf ad p&eftwGuf axmifacsmufNyKvkyx f m;onfah e&m teD;tem;0ef;usifwiG f vlwpfa,mufwavudrk Q
rxm;cJhay/
twGif;tm;aumif;NyD; em;yg;aom rdpämnDaemifwdkYudkom xdkaxmifacsmufNyKvkyfxm;onfhae&mESifh
rdkif0ufcefYtuGmwGif axmifacsmufNydKusoHrsm;udk em;axmif&ef apvTwfxm;cJhonf/ xdkYNyif axmifacsmufaNrusif;
NydKusoGm;oHudkMum;onfESifh wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkYoGm;a&mufum vdcsrfvludkzrf;qD;&efvnf; rdpämnDaemifwdkYtm;
trdefYay;xm;cJhonf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif&Sdaernfh vdcsrfvl\ vufpGJawmfodkif;orm;ESpfa,mufrSm twkta,mif ta,mif
aqmifrsm;om Nzpfonfudkvnf; ukef;pGefcsDu odxm;NyD;Nzpfonf/
rdpämNzL usef;armufzkefonf tNzLa&mif0wfpkH? tNzLa&mifacgif;aygif;? tNzLa&mifaNcpGyf? tNzLa&mifzdeyfwdkYudk
0wfqifxm;ovdk rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfu teufa&mif0wfpkH? teufa&mifacgif;aygif;? teufa&mifaNcpGyf?
teufa&mifzdeyfwdkYudk 0wfqifxm;onf/
rdpmä NzL rdpmä eufnaD emifwYkd onf wdrv f mT &Jwu kd \
f arQmfpifxufoYdk aNymifaNymifwif;wif;yif wufvmcJo h nf/
xkdarQmfpifay:wGif tapmifhodkif;orm; wpfa,muf&Sdaeonf/
]][dwf ... rif;wdkY&JU ocifrav;vdcsrfvludk igwdkY rdpämNzL rdpämeufnDaemif a&mufvmNyDvdkY oGm;aNymvkdufprf;}}
usef;armufzkefu tapmifhokdif;orm;udk cyfat;at;aNymonf/
]]Asm]]
tapmif h o d k i f ; orm;crsm rd p ä m NzL? rd p ä m euf n D a emif u d k &k w f w &uf a wG U vd k u f & aomtcg
tvGefaMumufvefYoGm;um tvefYwMum;yif a&&Gwfrdonf/
rsufvkH;tNyL;om;? yg;pyfta[mif;om;Nzifh ae&mrSra&GUEdkifawmhatmif NzpfoGm;&onf/
rdrdwdkYESifh awGUqkHrdolwdkY ,ckvdk aMumufaMumufvefYvefYNzpf&onfrSm rdpämnDaemiftzdkY rqef;awmhay/
olwdkYonf Murf;MuKwf&ufpufvSaom odkif;orm;qdk;rsm; NzpfMuonfr[kwfygvm;/
omreftcsdefrsKd;wGifqdkvQif rdpämnDaemifESifhqkHrd&aom xdkodkif;orm;crsm toufaysmufzdkYom &Sdonf/
,ckrl vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&ef tMuHtpnftqifhqifh &SdaeonfhtwGuf xdktapmifhokdif;orm; uHaumif;
oGm;&ayonf/
]]igwdkY a&mufaeNyDvdkY rif;ocifrav;udk oGm;aNymvdkufqdkwm rMum;bl;vm;? oGm;prf; NrefNref? rif;u
aocsifvdkY 'DrSmquf&yfaewmvm;}}
rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfu at;pufpuftoHESifh qufaNymonf/
tapmif h o d k i f ; orm;onf aMumif v uf o nf ; Mum;rS vG w f a Nrmuf v maom MuG u f i ,f w pf a umif v d k
wcsKd;wnf;yif taNy;xGufoGm;avawmhonf/
]][D; ... [D; ... [D; ...}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ...}}
rdpämNzL? rdpämeufnDaemifwdkYu tapmifhodkif;orm;\ tvefYwMum;NzpfoGm;ykHudk oabmusum tufuGJaom
toHMuD;rsm;ESifh &,fvdkufMuonf/
rMumrDrSmyif vufpGJawmfodkif;orm;ESpfa,muf 0J,mNcH&Hum vdcsrfvla&muf&Sdvmonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f E S i f h ,ef a vmuf q ef w d k Y toG i f &k y f z suf t a,mif a qmif x m;Muol E S p f a ,muf r S m
&ufpufMurf;MuKwf&mwGif emrnfMuD;vSaom rdpämNzL? rdpämeufnDaemifwdkY\ a&SUarSmufokdYa&muf&Sdvm&onfhtcg
aMumufpdwfrsm;udk rcsKyfwnf;EdkifbJ 'l;rsm;yifwkefaerdonf/
]]bmudpö&SdvdkYvJ}}
vdcsrfvluar;onf/
]]'Dr,f rdef;uav; ... igwdkYeJYtwl at;at;aq;aq; vdkufcJhyg? 'gqdk&if tppt&m&m tqifaNyoGm;r,f}}
usef;armufzkefu avaNyav;ESifhaNymonf/ vdcsrfvlu toHrmrmESifh ...
]]rvdkufbl;qdk&if &SifwdkYu bmrsm;wwfEdkifrSmrdkYvJ}}
406
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]eifu e*g;NzLav;qdkwJhaumifav;udk tm;udk;NyD; avoHrmaewmvm;? at; ... ig&Sif;&Sif;yJaNymr,f?
eiftm;udk;aewJh e*g;NzLav;eJY olUtazmfawmh tckavmufqdk&if t&dk;wNcm; tom;wNcm; NzpfukefMuNyD}}
]][if ...}}
vdcsrfv\ l EIwrf S vTwcf eJyif toHxu G o f mG ;rdonf/ rdrad b;wGif &S;D xifcsdww
f Ykd toGif ta,mifaqmifxm;ol
ESpfa,mufudkyif owdrrlrdawmh/
]]a[h ... rif;wdkYESpfa,muf ab;udkz,faeMuprf;? rif;wdkY[m ta,mifaqmif twkawGrSef; igwdkYodw,f}}
rdpmä euf use;f armufww d u
f &S;D xifcsw d Ef iS hf ,efavmufqefwYkdtoGif ta,mifaqmifxm;Muol ESpaf ,mufukd
MunfhNyD; aNymvkdufonf/
vdcsrfvlrSm bmaNymíbmvkyf&rnfudkyif rodawmh/
&S;D xifcsdwEf iS hf ,efavmufqefwYkd uohJ Ydk &kyzf sufta,mifaqmifxm;Muol ESpaf ,mufrmS vnf; odoo d momyif
wkefvIyfoGm;Muonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif arQmifpif\axmifhtuG,f wae&mrS vlwpfa,muf avQmufvSrf;xGufvmonf/
xdkol\toGiftNyifonf &SD;xifcsdwfvdk ta,mifaqmifxm;ol\ &kyfzsufxm;rIESifh wax&mwnf;wlonf/
xdkolonf &SD;xifcsdwfvdk &kyfzsufum ta,mifaqmifxm;oludk tomab;odkY wGef;z,fvsuf vdcsrfvl\
tem;wGifyif &yfvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;eJY NyefqkH&NyefNyDudk;}}
xdkolu rdpämNzLudkMunfhum aNymonf/
aNymNyD;onfESifh nmvuf0g;Nzifh qwfceJ &dkufcsonf/
vuf0g;&dkufcsufxkwfvdkufrIrSm tvGefyif NrefqefvSonf/ olwyg;tay: taumufÓPftrsKd;rsKd;Nzifh
wzufowftEdkif,lcJhavh&Sdol rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefrSm onfwcgwGifawmh aumif;aumif;MuD; tidkufrdoGm;onf/
uref;uwef; a&Smifwdrf;&ef MudK;pm;vdkufao;aomfvnf; aemufusoGm;cJhNyD/
&if0wnfhwnfhwGif Nyif;xefaom vuf0g;&kdufcsuf txdcH&umaemufokdY ,dkifqif;oGm;onf/ [efcsuf
rysufatmif awmifhum xdef;xm;aomfvnf;r&/ udk,fcE¨m,drf;,dkifum aemufokdYqkwfoGm;&NyD;aemuf zifxdkifvsuf
vJusoGm;avawmhonf/
wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;um bmvkyf&rSef;rod NzpfaeaomvdcsrfvlrSm tvGefyif0rf;omtm;wufoGm;onf/
,cka&muf&SdvmNyD; usef;armufzkeftm; tvpfzrf;um tydkiftEdkifwdkufcdkufvdkufolrSm &SD;xifcsdwfNzpfaMumif;
olodonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\toHESifh odkif;uGufokdif;[efvIyf&Sm;ykHudk olaumif;aumif;rSwfrdaeayonf/
vdcsrfvl\ xifNrifcsuf rrSm;/
xdkolrSm &SD;xifcsdwf trSefpifppf Nzpfayonfwum;/ ,efavmufqefonf ukef;pGefcsDwdkYtaeNzifh
usm;udkawmxJrS armif;xkwfonfhtuGufrsKd;NyKum wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk wzufvSnfhNzifh tEÅ&m,fay;EdkifaMumif;
wGufrdcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY tNrefNyefapNyD; olwa,mufwnf;om Mu,fwHcGefa*[mbufokdY
qufoGm;cJhonf/
taNctae tvGet f a&;MuD;aeonht f wGuf &S;D xifcsw d o
f nf ud,k af zmhynmudo k ;Hk um tNrefEikd q f ;Hk aNy;vmcJ&h m
rdpämnDaemifwdkYxuf tcsdeftenf;i,fapmí wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY a&mufvmcJhonf/
odkYaomf rdrda&muf&SdaeaMumif; rnfolUudkrQtodray;bJ ykef;atmif;aecJhNyD; ,cktcsdefusrS ay:xGufvmum
rdpämNzLudk tydkiftEdkifwdkufcdkufvdkufNcif; Nzpfayawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;NzLrmefapmif; odkif;uGufudkokH;um &dkufcsvdkufonfhtwGuf vuf0g;xdcsuf tawmfyif
Nyif;xefonf/ rdpämNzLusef;armufzkefrSm aoG;rsm;tefxGufum touf&SLusyfvsuf tawmfyiftxdemonf/ touf
raoqkH;aomfvnf; wdkufyGJr0ifEdkifawmhavmufonfh taNctaeokdY a&mufoGm;onf/

407
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdpämNzLudk wcsufwnf;ESifh OD;ESdrfypfvkdufonfhtwGuf vdcsrfvl\&ifxJwGif tawmfyifayghyg;oGm;onf/
usefaeao;onfh rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfudkvnf; &SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh aumif;rGefpGm xdef;csKyftEdkif,lvdrfhrnf[k
arQmfvifh,kHMunfxm;onf/ vdcsrfvlarQmfvifhxm;ovdk Nzpfvmygrnfvm;/
rarQmfvifhaomtNzpfrsm;aMumifh aMumiftrf;trf;NzpfoGm;aom rdpämeufonf rdpämNzLxdckduf temw&
NzpfoGm;onfudk awGU&onfESifh 0rf;acgif;oHMuD;ESifhatmf[pfMudrf;0g;um &SD;xifcsdwfudk twif;0ifa&muf
wdkufcdkufavawmhonf/
ol\odkif;ynmrSmvnf; rdpämaoG;aomufodkif;yif Nzpfonf/ odkYaomf ,cifwMudrf rdpämNzLESifh&ifqdkif&pOfu
&SD;xifcsdwf MuKHawGU&zl;onfh wdkufcsufrsm;xuf ydkrdkNyif;xefum aMumufp&mvnf; ydkaumif;onf/
,cifwMudrf &ifqdkif&pOfu rdpämNzLonf &SD;xifcsdwfudktxifao;onfhtwGuf rdpämaoG;aomuf
odkif;uGufudkokH;um wdkufcdkufaomfvnf; tm;tifudk tNynfht0rxnfhbJ okH;ykHwpfykHcefYom xnfhokH;cJhonf/
,ck rdpämeufu wdkufckduf&mwGifrl tm;rmeftNynfhxnfhxm;aomaMumifh wdkufcsufrsm;u rdk;NyKdcref;yif
Nyif;xefvSonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrdavhvmqufpyfrdxm;aom e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;ESifh aNre*g;u0draemodkif;wdkY
yl;wGJqufpyf Nzpfonfh e*g;NzLzdkr u0draemokdif;udk okH;umckcHonf/
ESpaf ,mufom;wdu k cf u
dk af eMuonfrmS tvGeyf ifaMumufp&maumif;vSonf/ Murf;MuKwfaom bDv;l &dik ;f MuD;
wpfaumifESifh yg;eyfaom e*g;wpfaumifwdkY &ifqdkifrdaeonfhtoGifrsKd;Nzpfonf/
rdpämeufu rdpämaoG;aomuf odkif;uGufwpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf xkwfokH;um Murf;Murf;&rf;&rf; wdkufppf
qifonfudk &SD;xifcsdwfu Nznf;Nznf;ESifhrSefrSef wpfuGufcsif; ckcHumuG,faeonf/
rdpmä euf\ vufonf;&SnNf zifh ukwq f rJG rI sm;? vuf0g;&du k cf surf sm;? vufo;D xd;k csurf sm;? aNcuefcsurf sm;onf
rdk;oD;rdk;ayguf rsm;ES,f Nzpfonf/ wdkufcsufrsKd;pkHwdkYu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vTrf;rdk;aeonf/
odkY&mwGif wkdufcsufwcsufwavrQyif &SD;xifcsdwfudkrxd/
wdkufyGJudkMunfhaeol vdcsrfvlonf &SD;xifcsdwfu wefNyefwdkufcdkufNcif;rNyKbJ rdpämeuf\ wdkufcdkuf
wdu k cf sufrsm;udo k m ckcu H muG,af eaomaMumifh tm;rvdt k m;r& Nzpfro d nf/ wdu k cf sufwcsufwavrQ rxdaomfvnf;
cHppfomNyKaeaomaMumifh &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif &SD;xifcsdwfbufrS ta&;edrfhum atmufpnf;a&mufaeoa,mifa,mif
xif&onf r[kwfygvm;/
wu,fawmh &SD;xifcsdwfu rdpämaoG;aomufodkif;uGuf\ oabmudk avhvmvdkaomaMumifh wzufrS
tuGufukef xkwfatmif ckcHumuG,frIom NyKvkyfaeNcif;Nzpfonf/
rdpämaoG;aomufokdif;\ tuGufukeftokH;NyKwdkufcdkufNyD;oGm;aom tcsdefwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwfu wefNyef
wdkufppfqifonf/
wefNyefwu kd pf pfrmS tvGeNf refqefNyD; tuGupf yd v f oS nf/ vuf0g;&du k cf surf sm;u a&vIid ;f rsm;vdk wpfcNk yD;wpfck
qufaeNyD; aNcuefcsufrsm;? ukwfqGJcsufrsm;uvnf; tawmrowfEdkifatmif yg0ifaeonf/
rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfrSm &SD;xifcsdwfu oGufvufNrefqefum Nyif;xefMurf;wrf;vSonfh wdkufcsuf
wdu k uf uG rf sm;udk tvl;tvJyif ckcaH e&onf/ xdo k Ydk ckc&H if; aemufoYdk yif qkwaf y;ae&ao;onf/ &S;D xifcsdwu f vnf;
aemufqkwfoGm;aom rdpämeufukd twif;zdí vdkufvHwdkufcdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif tNyif;txef'Pf&m&um zifxdkifvsufvJusaeaom rdpämNzLonf vJusae&mrS tm;wif;NyD;
x&yfvmonf/ rdpämeufESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwkdY tNyif;txef wdkufcdkufaerIwGifom tm&kHa&mufaeMuonfhtwGuf
rdpämNzLx&yfvmonfudk rnfolrQ owdrrlrdMu/
]]zkef; ... zkef;}}
toHESpfcsuf ay:xGufvmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\aNcuefcsufu usef;armufwdwf\ nmbufyckH;udk xdrdNyD; usef;armufwdwf\ vuf0g;
&dkufcsufu &SD;xifcsdwf\ b,faNcaxmufudk xdrdoGm;onf/
ESpaf ,mufv;Hk wpfa,mufwpfcsupf D NydKifwt l xdcMH u&Ncif;Nzpfaomfvnf; use;f armufww d \f txdc&H csuu f
ydkNyif;onf/
408
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
wpfcsuftxdcHvdkuf&onfhtwGuf rdpämeufusef;armufwdwfrSm a'gotMuD;tus,fxGufvmonf/ &SdorQ
tm;tiftukefxkwfokH;um &SD;xifcsdwfudk b,fvuf0g;Nzifh vSrf;&dkufonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; nmvuf0g;
&dkufcsufNzifh qD;MudK&ifqdkifonf/
ESpfOD;ESpfzuf tm;tifcsif;qdkifum wdkufcdkufrINzpfay:oGm;onf/ onfvdkwdkufcdkufrIrsKd;wGif rD;rsm;rD;Edkif?
a&rsm;a&Edkifqdkovdk tm;tif ydkrdkMuD;rm;olbufu tEkdif&NrJNzpfonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif Mur®miifp&mtaMumif; zefvmonf/ vJusae&mrS tm;wif;xvmaom rdpämNzL
usef;armufzkefonf &SD;xifcsdwfudk aemufbufrS csKyfzrf;Edkif&ef aNy;0ifvmawmhonf/
]]tpfudk xifcsdwf ... aemufrSm}}
rdpämNzL\tMuHudk &dyfrdvdkufaom vdcsrfvlu tvefYwMum;yif atmf[pfowday;onf/
xdkokdY owday;&if; rdpämNzLudk twif;0ifí csKyfzrf;vkdufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftwGuf pdk;&drfylyefpdwfrsm; txGwftxdwfokdY a&mufaeaomaMumifh vdcsrfvlcrsm bmudkrQ
rpOf;pm;Edkifawmh/ bmrQudkvnf; rcsifhcsdefEdkifawmh/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vdcsrfvl\owday;atmfoHudk Mum;&onfhtNyif aemufausmbufrS vIyf&Sm;oHudkvnf;
owdNyKrdaomaMumifh rdrd\vuf0g;&dkufcsufudk &kwfNcnf;&kyfodrf;NyD; e*g;NzL rdk;ysHokdif;uGufNzifh ab;odkY ckefvTm;
ae&maNymif;vdkufonf/
xdo k Ydk ae&maNymif;&if; e*g;NzLvIid ;f pD;odik ;f uGuu f kd ok;H um aNcuefcsuEf pS cf suf qufwu kd uf efxw k v f u
kd of nf/
]]Akef; ... Akef;}}
us,favmifaom toHESpfck qufwdkufxGufay:vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcuefcsufwpfcsufonf rdpämeuf\ vnfrsKdwnfhwnfhudk xdoGm;onf/ usefaNcuefcsuf
uawmh avudkomuefrdonf/ e*g;NzLvIdif;pD;odkif;uGuf\ wdkufcsufususee xdrdNcif;NzpfaomaMumifh rdpämeufrSm
b,fvdkrS awmifhrcHEdkif/ yufvufvefum vJusoGm;awmh\/
usef ; armuf w d w f v J u soG m ;ovd k usef ; armuf z k e f E S i f h vd c srf v l w d k Y E S p f a ,muf r S m vnf ; Nyd K if w l y if
vJusoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmvnf; ab;bufwGifayghyg;pGm aNccs&yfrdoGm;onf/ rdpämNzL\&ifbwfonf yGifhxGufaeonf/
b,fvdkrSrNrifraumif;/ vdcsrfvl\rsufESmrSmrl puúLNzLwpfcsyfvdk NzLazG;aeonf/
]]csrfvl ...}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm i,fxdyfwnfhwnfh rdk;MudK;typfcH&ovdk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ vdcsrfvl&Sd&mokdY &dyfceJ aNy;oGm;
rdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu ab;odkYckefvTm;ae&maNymif;vdkufonfhtwGuf rdpämeuf\ tm;ukeftifukefxnfhxm;aom
vuf0g;&dkufcsufonf &SD;xifcsdwfudkrxdbJ &SD;xifcsdwftm; aemufausmbufrS csKyfzrf;&ef0ifvmonfh rdpämNzL\
&ifbwfudkxdrdonf/
rdpämNzLrSm &SD;xifcsdwf\ vuf0g;wpfcsuf txdcH&NyD; 'Pf&mtNyif;txef&ae&mrS tm;cJumxvmNyD;
&SD;xifcsdwfudk csKyfzrf;&efMudK;pm;Ncif;Nzpf&m usefao;orQ zspfnp§ fxkwfxm;aom tm;tifrsm;onf vufESpfzufwGif
pka&mufaeonf/
&ifbwfokdY ckcH umuG,f&eftm;tif rusef&Sdawmh/
vdcsrv f rl mS vnf; &S;D xifcsw
d t
f wGuf pd;k &drpf w
d Nf zifh rdpmä NzLudk twif;0ifcsKyfzrf;xm;onfNzpf&m tm;tifrsm;rSm
vufESpfbufqDokdYom pkNyKHa&mufaeonf/ ckcHEdkifonfh oufapmifhtm;tifyif rusefawmh/
rdpämeuf\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufrSm &SdorQ tm;ukeftifukefxkwfokH;um a'gowMuD;Nzifh &dkufcsvdkufonfh
&dkufcsufNzpf&m tvGefyiftm;Nyif;vSonf/ e*dkuyif 'Pf&m&um tm;enf;aeNyD; &SdorQtm;tifrsm;udkvnf;
vufESpfbufqDokdY ykdYxm;aom rdpämNzLrSm rdpämeuf\ Nyif;xeftm;MuD;vSonfh vuf0g;&dkufcsuf'Pfudk
b,fvdkrSrcHEdkif/
&ifbwfyif yGifhaMuxGufoGm;&onf/

409
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdpämeuf\ vuf0g;&dkufcsuf tm;t[kefonf ckcHumuG,fEdkifrI vkH;0r&Sdaom rdpämNzL\udk,fcE¨mudk
xdk;azmufum vdcsrfvlxHokdYta&muf wdk;0if&dkufcwfvmonf/
omreftaNctaewGifqdkygvQif vdcsrfvlonf xdkokdYwqifh &dkufcwfvmonfh tm;t&Sdefudk awmifhcHEdkifpGrf;
&Sdonf/
,ckrl &SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,muf &efolESpfzufn§yf trdcH&rnfudk pkd;&drfvSonfhtwGuf &SdorQtm;tifudk
vufESpfzufokdY pkpnf;ydkYum rdpämNzLudk twif;0ifcsKyf zrf;xm;csdefrdkY oufapmifhtm;tifyif r&Sd/
xdkYNyif rdpämeuf\ vuf0g;&dkufcsufwGif rlvtiftm;tNyif &SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcuefcsuf tm;tifuygqifhí
Nznfhay;xm;ovdkrdkY ydkítm;Nyif;ae&m vdcsrfvlvnf; b,fvdkrQ rcHEdkifawmhay/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdpämnDaemifwdkY bmawGNzpfukefonfudk rMunfhEdkifbJ vdcsrfvl\ NzLa&mfacGaysmhaeaom
udk,fcE¨mudk uref;uwef;yif ayGU,lvdkufonf/
]]csrfvl&,f ... bmaMumifhrsm; aNy;0ifvm&wmvJuG,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\pum;rSm tNypfwifpum;Nzpfaomfvnf; idkoHygum qkdYeifhaMuuGJaeonf/
vdcsrfvl\ rSdwfaeaom rsufvkH;tpkHyGifhvmonf/
olr\ rsuf&dyfrsufa,mifrsm;rSmvnf; xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;yif awmufyaeonf/
]]tpfudk ... tpfudk bmrSrNzpfbl;aemf}}
vdcsrfvlu avoHoJhoJhav;Nzifh ar;onf/
rdrd\aoa&;&Sifa&;udk *&krpdkufbJ &SD;xifcsdwftwGufom pdk;&drfwMuD;ar;vdkufonfu &SD;xifcsdwf
tay:xm;&Sdaom vdcsrfvl\ oHa,mZOfESifhwG,fwmrI yrmPudk odomaponf/
]]bmrS rNzpfygbl; csrfvl&,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyeftaNzay;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudk}}
]][if}}
vdcsrfvl\ rsuf0ef;rsm;u ydkíta&mifawmufvuf vmonf/ a0'emudk MudwfrSdwfcHpm;ae&ykHrsKd;r&Sd?
wpkHw&mudk awmif;cHarQmfvifhaeonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm; ,Sufoef;aeonf/
]]uRefrudk ... cspfovm; ... [if}}
vdcsrfvl\ tEdkifEdkiftm;cJum aNymvdkufaomxdkpum;onf &SD;xifcsdwf\ ESvkH;om;udk tyfESifhqGvkdufovdk
NzpfoGm;onf/ onfvdktaNctae onfvkdtcsdeftcgrsKd;wGif b,fvdkrSrarQmfvifhaompum;/
]]cspf ... cspfygw,f csrfvl&,f? cspfygw,f}}
vdcsrfvlauseyfatmif &SD;xifcsdwf csufcsif;yif NyeftaNzay;onf/
vdcsrv f \ l NzLa&mfaeaom yg;Nyifay:wGif &Suaf oG;a&mifvQr;f um wcsurf Q eDNref;oGm;onf/ wke, f ifaeaom
EIwfcrf;vTmav;wGifvnf; tNyKH;&dyfwpfck &kwfw&uf ay:vmonf/ rsufvkH;&GJMuD;rsm;u tcspf&nf&Trf;um
&Tef;vufaeonf/
]]cspf&if nDrvkdY ac:ygvm;tpfudk&,f? nDr raocifMum;oGm;yg&ap}}
vdcsrfvl\toHrSm wdk;wdk;wdrfwdrfav;Nzpfonf/ okdYaomf 0rf;omMunfEl;rIrsm;u ,Sufoef;yg0ifaeonf/
]]tdk nDr&,f ... nDr rao&bl;? rao&bl;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm 0rf;enf;aMuuGJrIudk rxdef;csKyfEdkifoNzifh idkoHygMuD;Nzpfvmonf/ rsufvkH;tdrfrsm;wGifvnf;
rsuf&nfrsm; NynfhvQrf;vmonf/
]]nDr&JU azazudk u,fwifay;yg tpfukdaemf ...}}
pum;qkH;onfESifhvdcsrfvlrSm acgif;idkufpkdufusum &SD;xifcsdwf\ &ifcGJxJrSmyif toufaysmuf
oGm;avawmhonf/
]]csrfvl ... csrfvl ... Nzpf&av nDr&,f}}

410
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwf ,lusKH;r& atmfrdonf/ vdcsrfvl\ cE¨mudk,fav;udk wif;wif;usyfusyf ayGUzufum yg;csif;tyf
vdkufrdonf/ toufrsm; &SdaeOD;rvm;[laom arQmfvifhcsufNzifh vdcsrfvl\ udk,fcE¨mudkvnf; vIyfEdk;aerdNyefonf/
rxaomtdyfNcif;Nzifh tdyfaysmfaeNyDNzpfaom vdcsrfvlrSm Edk;xrvmEdkifawmh/
olr tvGefcspfaomzcif? olr tvGefwG,fwmaom wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;ESifh olr wdwfwcdk; arwåmxm;
rdavaom &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk pGefYvTwfum wrvGefb0okdY ul;aNymif;oGm;cJhavNyD/
xdktcsdefwGif rdpämeufusef;armufzkef\ udk,fcE¨monf tenf;i,f vIyf&Sm;vmonf/
þokdY vIyf&Sm;vmrIu &SD;xifcsdwf\ aMuuGJ0rf;enf;aerI? ,lusKH;r&NzpfaerIwdkYtay: a'gotcdk;taiGUrsm;
Nznfhaqmif;ay;ovdk NzpfoGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf toufuif;rJhaeNyDNzpfaom vdcsrfvl\udk,fcE¨mudk &JwdkufMurf;Nyifay:okdY nifompGm
csxm;um rdpämeuf&Sd&mokdY aNy;0ifoGm;NyD; aNcaxmufNzifh Murf;wrf;pGm vSdrfhuefvdkufonf/
0rf;enf;aMuuGJvGef;NyD; a'gopdwfaygufuGJaecsdef NzpfonfhtwGuf aNcuefcsufu Nyif;xefvSonf/
toufaiGYaiGUomusefaeaom rdpämeufudk xdkaNcuefcsufrsm;u rdkufZmwfodrf;ay;vdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pdwfxdckdufvGef;aomaMumifh t&l;wpfa,mufvdk Nzpfaeonf/
rdpämNzLESifh rdpämeufwdkY\tavmif;rsm;udk qGJrum &JwdkufwHwdkif;ay:rSaeí atmufokdY ypfcsvdkufonf/
]][m; [m; [m; ... oGm;Mu? tm;vkH;oGm;Mu ... [m; [m; ... [m;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\toHu &,foHvdkvdkNzpfaomfvnf; idkoHuom vTrf;rdk;aeonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf odkif;orm;rsm;onf rnfokdYrQ xifrSwfrxm;aom wdkufyGJrsm;? pdwfxdckduf aMuuGJzG,f&m
NrifuGif;rsm;aMumifh rSifoufidkifawG aeMuonf/
bmvkyf&rnfudkyif rod/
&S;D xifcsw d u
f m; t&l;MuD;wpfa,mufE, S f aNymcsi&f maNymqdNk yD; wdrv
f mT &Jwu
kd rf S taNy;xGuo f mG ;avawmhonf/
,efavmufqefonf Mu,fwHcGefa*[mtem;okdY a&mufvmcJhonf/ Mu,fwHcGefa*[monf ESpfxyf
aqmufvkyfxm;aom taqmufttkHMuD;wpfckNzpfonf/ NcH0if;url tawmfus,f0ef;onf/
tkwfNzifhaqmufvkyfxm;aom ESpfxyftaqmufttkH\ aemufbufwGif wGJuyfvsuf opfom;Nzifh
aqmufvkyf xm;aom taqmifokH;ck&Sdonf/
tdrfa*[monf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufvsuf&Sdaeonf/ vlolvIyf&Sm;rIt&dyfta,mifr&Sd/ vlraeawmhonf
tdrfa*[mwpfck toGifrsKd;Nzpfaeonf/
onfvdk toufuif;rJhovdk wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeNcif;udk ,efavmufqef odyfoabmrus/
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeNcif;\ aemufuG,fwGif aMumufp&maumif;aom vQKdU0Sufcsufrsm;&SdwwfaMumif;
olUtawGUtMuKHrsm;t& od&Sdaeonf/ owdMuD;pGm xm;&rnfudkvnf; olem;vnfonf/
tdrfa*[m0if;xJokdY wdwfwqdwf 0ifa&mufcJhonf/
NcH0if;xJ&Sd yef;csKHrsm;atmufwGif rsufuG,f,lum ykef;atmif;apmifhMunfhaeaom uif;ykef;rsm;&Sdaomfvnf;
olvdkxdyfoD;apm& wpfa,muftzdkY xdkuif;ykef;rsm;rodatmif vIyf&Sm;&ef rcufvSay/
,efavmufqefonf pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;um tcsdef,lí tdrfa*[m0if;xJwGif vSnhfywfpl;prf;Munfhonf/
tdrfa*[mem;odkYyifuyfum Munfhao;onf/ tdrfa*[mESifh wGJvsuf&Sdaeaom taqmifrsm;udkvnf; csefrxm;/
xdo k Ydk vSnyhf wfMunfvh u
kd &f mwGif vQKdU0Suaf xmifacsmufrsm;? uif;yke;f rsm;? ta&;ay:tcsufay; tpDtpOfrsm;
csxm;rIwdkYudk pl;prf;od&Sd&onf/
xdkokdY vSnfhywfpl;prf;MunfhNyD;aemuf wdwfqdwfvQKdU0SufpGmyif NcH0if;tNyifokdY NyefxGufvm\/ NcH0if;
t0if0em;&Sd opfyifMuD;wpfyifxJwGif tomykef;atmif;&if; tdrfa*[mMuD;\ taNctaeudk txufpD;rSaeí
Munfh&IaeNyefonf/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[mMuD;onf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufNrJ wdwfqdwfNidrfoufíaeonf/
,efavmufqefonf Mu,fwHcGefa*[mudk pl;prf;Munfh&IrI vufpowfum wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY Nyefawmhrnf
tNyKwGif aNreDvrf;twdkif; Mu,fwHcGefa*[mbufokdY aNy;vmaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfudkvSrf;Nrif&\/ &DS;xifcsdwf\
toGiftNyifrSm tawmfyifxl;Ncm;onf[k olUpdwfxJwGif xifrdonf/
411
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkUaMumifh opfyifay:rS cyfoGufoGufqif;um &SD;xifcsdwfudk qD;MudKonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh teD;uyfrsufESmcsif;qdkifrdonfhtcg ,efavmufqefydkí tHhMooGm;&awmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\rsufESmxm;u olwcgrQ rawGUzl;aom trlt&m/
rsufESmu wif;rmcufxefvGef;onf/ rsufvkH;rsm;wGif rsuf&nf0Jaeaomfvnf; a'got&dyfta,mifrsm;Nzifh
0if;0if;awmufvsuf&Sdonf/
tHudkwif;wif;Mudwfxm;onfrSm ar;aMumMuD;rsm; axmifxum Nywfvkrwwf/
vufo;D ESpb f ufuvnf; uspfuspfygatmif qkwv f suf/ ,efavmufqefukd Munfah eonft h Munfu h rNrifz;l
rawGUzl;olwpfa,mufudk Munfhonfhtvm; pl;pl;pdef;pdef;/
]]xifcsdwf ... rif;b,fvdkNzpfvmwmvJ? ig ,efavmufqefav}}
,efavmufqefu EIwfrSzGifh[umaNymvkdufrS &SD;xifcsdwfaNcvSrf;wkHY&yfoGm;onf/ a'got&Sdefum;
raNyaysmufao;/
]]owfr,f ... [kd tdrfa*[mxJuvlawGudk tukef0ifowfr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu wif;rmcufxefpGmaNymonf/
]][m ... aeprf;ygOD;? t&rf;avQmufrvkyfeJYav? pdwfukdat;at;xm;prf;? b,fvdk Nzpfvmw,fqdkwmvJ
ighudkaNymNyygOD;}}
,efavmufqef aNymqdkaNzodrfhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf rdkifwpfaxmifausmf r&yfrem;aNy;vTm;vmcJh&ovdk toufudk armMuD;yef;MuD; &SLaeonf/
olbmNzpfvmonfudk wdwdusus rodao;aomfvnf; pdwftvGefvIyf&Sm;aeaMumif;udkum; ,efavmufqef
&dyfrdonf/
onftwdkif;Munfhaeí rNzpfaMumif;odonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwf\aysmhacGaMumudk tomxdk;ydwfvdkuf&m
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm aysmhacGNyD;vJusoGm;onf/
,efavmufqefu tusaumif;atmif az;ray;vkdufNyD; ...
]]rif;rSm pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m wckck MuKHawGUvm&w,fqdkwmudk igodygw,f? a,mufsm;yJuGm? pdwfudkEdkifatmif
xdef;rSaygh? b,fvdkNzpfw,fqdkwm aNymprf;ygOD;}}
]]csrfvl ... csrfvlr&Sdawmhbl; tb&JU? ol ... olaooGm;&SmNyD}}
]]bm ... vdcsrfvl r&Sdawmhbl; ... [kwfvm;}}
,efavmufqefrSm &SD;xifcsdwf\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg tHhMooGm;NyD; tvefYwMum;yif a&&Gwfvkduf
rdonf/
]][kwfw,ftb? uRefawmfhudk taMumNyefzGifhay;yg? uRefawmfhpdwfudk uRefawmfxdef;EdkifygNyD}}
&SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,muf pdwfudk NyefvnfcsKyfxdef;EdkifNyDNzpfaMumif; tuJcwfrdonfhtwGuf ,efavmufqefu
ydwfxm;aomtaMumudk NyefvnfaNzzGifhay;vkdufonf/
taMumNyefyGifhoGm;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfu wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;wGif NzpfysufcJhykHtaMumif;rsm;udk
,efavmufqeftm; aNymNyvkdufonf/
]]tif; ... vdcsrfvl taMumif;Mum;&wm pdwfraumif;p&myJ? rif; b,favmuf0rf;enf;NyD; pdwfxdcdkufr,f
qdkwmvJ igem;vnfygw,f? 'gayr,fh vdcsrfvlaoqkH;oGm;&wJhtwGuf 0rf;enf;aewmeJY NyóemawGu aNyvnf
oGm;rSm r[kwfbl;? tckavmavmq,f touf&SifaeqJNzpfwJh vda&Smufa0udk u,fwifEdkifzkdYu ydkta&;MuD;w,f?
igaNymwm [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;}}
]]tbaNymwm [kwyf gw,f? uRefawmf twwfEikd q f ;Hk MuKd;pm; umuG,af y;wJMh um;u rarQmfvifb h J nDrcsrfvl
aoqkH;oGm;&wmaMumifh ,lusKH;r&NzpfNyD; &kwfw&uf uRefawmfhpdwfudk uRefawmf rxdef;Edkifatmif NzpfoGm;&wmyg}}
]]at; ... 'Dvdkem;vnfvmwm trsm;MuD;aumif;ygw,f}}
]]tb&JU vIyf&Sm;rIawGuaum taNcte b,fvdk&SdovJ}}

412
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefu Mu,fwHcGefa*[m0if;xJokdY rdrdwdwfwqdwf 0ifa&mufMunfh&IcJhykHrsm;udk aNymNyNyD;
qufvufí ...
]]vdcsrfvl aooGm;&SmNyDqdkawmh ukef;pGefcsDwdkY taeeJY vda&Smufa0udk owfypfr,fqdkwJh Ncdrf;aNcmufrIrsKd;
qufvkyfzdkY odyfrvG,fawmhbl;? igwdkYuvJ vda&Smufa0eJY b,fvdkrS ywfoufrIr&Sdawmh olUtaeeJY igwdkYudkvJ
tusyfudkifvkdY r&EdkifrSef; em;vnfvdrfhr,f}}
,efavmufqef\pum;rsm;onf vuf&SdtaNctaerSefudk axmufNyvdkufonfh usKd;aMumif;nDnGwf
qDavsmfaom pum;rsm;Nzpfayonf/
&S D ; xif c sd w f E S i f h vd c srf v l w d k Y o nf wpf a ,muf t ay:wpf a ,muf cif r if r I & S d M uonf r S e f a omf v nf ;
cspfolrsm;b0um; ra&mufcJhMuay/
vdcsrfvl aoqkH;cgeD;wGif olr&ifxJwGif wdwfwcdk;cHpm;ae&rIudk xkwfazmfaNymNyoGm;Ncif;om &Sdonf/
rnfokdYqdkap &SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifhrl vdcsrfvl\ aemufqkH;rSmMum;oGm;csuftwkdif; vda&Smufa0udkum;
tEÅ&m,frS vGwfatmif u,fwifay;&ayrnf/
]]bmyJNzpfNzpf vda&Smufa0udkawmh uRefawmfwdkY&atmif u,fwif&r,f? uJ ... uRefawmfwdkY bmvkdYwkHYqdkif;
aeMurSmvJ? Mu,fwHcGefa*[mxJudk 0ifMuygpdkYvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu ,efavmufqefudk avmaqmfvdkufonf/
,efavmufqefu tomvufumNyNyD; ...
]]rif;u tckxufxd ukef;pGefcsD&JU uvdrfÓPfudk r&dyfrdao;bl;vm;}}
]]tb bmudk qdkvdkwmvJ}}
]]rif;eJYig 'Dae&mrSm xdkifpum;aNymaeMuwmMumNyD? igwdkYpum;aNymwmawGudk rMum;Edkifayr,fh igwdkYudkawmh
NcHxJuaevSrf;Munfh&if aumif;aumif;NrifEdkifw,f? 'geJYrsm;awmif olwkdYu NcHtNyifbufudk bmaMumifh
xGufrwdkufao;wmvJ}}
]]'guawmh ... [kd}}
]]igwdkYudk aNAmif&ifrqkdif&JwmaMumifh xGufrvmwmvdkY rif;u qdkcsifovm;}}
]]tJ'Dvdk rNzpfEdkifbl;vm;}}
\\[ifhtif; ... b,fNzpfEdkifrSmvJ? igwdkY NcH0if;xJ 0ifwdkufckdufrSmudk olwdkYu apmifhaewmuG? txJrSm
y&d , m,f qif u G u f a wG axmif a csmuf a wG t rsm;MuD ; &S d v d r f h r ,f ? 'gaMumif h ol w d k Y 'D a vmuf a wmif
Nidrfcsufom;aumif;aewmaygh}}
]]tif; ... tbaNymwm NzpfEdkifw,f}}
tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufaeaom ,efavmufqef\ cefYrSef;csufrSm rrSm;ay/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[mxJwGif vda&Smufa0ESifh &kyfcsif;wlatmif &kyfzsufta,mifaqmifxm;olrsm;u
toifh&Sdaeonf/ xdkolrsm;udk MudK;rsm;NzifhwkyfaESmifum tcsKyfzrf;cH&oa,mifvnf; zefwD;xm;onf/
0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufolonf &ifqkdifwdkufcdkufrI trsKd;rsKd;udk ausmfvTm;EdkifNyD; vda&Smufa0udku,fwif&ef
teD;uyfoGm;onfESifh xkdta,mifaqmifxm;olu tqdyfvufeufrsm;Nzifh tydkifypfcwfwdkufckdufrnfNzpfonf/
,ck ,efavmufqefu taNrmftNrif&SdpGm cefYrSef;wGufqEdkifaomaMumifh pGefukdYaNzmif;wkdY\ uvdÓPf
axmifacsmufrSm taumiftxnf ay:rvmawmhay/
]]'DvlawGu 0HykavGvdkaumufuspfaewmudk uRefawmfwdkYu'Dtwdkif; vufavQmhaemufqkwf&awmhrSmvm;}}
]]vufavQmhaemufqw k &f r,fvYkd b,fou l aNymvdYk wek ;f ? olwYkd u 0Hyak vGvakd umufuspf&if igwkYd u 0Hyak vGukd
ypfcwfzrf;qD;wJh rkqdk;vdk yg;eyf&rSmaygh? ighrSm tMuH&Sdygw,f}}
,efavmufqefu olUtMuHudk &SD;xifcsdwftm; wD;wkd;aNymNyonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ,efavmufqef\tMuHudk ESpfoufoabmwl vufcHvkdufonf/ þokdYNzifh olwdkY
ESpfa,mufonf Mu,fwHcGefa*[mxJokdY r0ifMuawmhbJ wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY NyefvmcJhMuavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf tdrfa*[m0if;xJokdY 0ifa&mufvmvQif tydkiftEdkifaxmifacsmufqif zrf;qD;&ef apmifhvifh
aeMuaom pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYrSm txl;yif rausreyf NzpfukefMu&avawmhonf/
413
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (39)
n/ vuG,fn wpfnNzpfonf/
vrif;uay:xGufvmNcif; r&Sdovdk aumif;uifwGif wdrfzkH;aeaomaMumifh Mu,fa&mifrsm;uvnf;
rvif;vuf/ tarSmifxkMuD;pkd;aom nwpfn[k qdkEdkifonf/
teufa&mif 0wfpkHrsm;0wfqifxm;aom ,efavmufqefESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY Mu,fwHcGefa*[mem;okdY
a&mufvmMuonf/
tcsdefu noef;acgifausmf/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[mMuD;onf tarSmifxkatmufwGif tdyfarmusovdk Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfaeonf/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[mem;okdYa&mufonfESifh &SD;xifcsdwfESifh,efavmufqefwdkYonf vlcsif;cGJvdkufMuonf/
rnfolu rnfokdY vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmif&rnfudk olwdkYESpfa,muf MudKwifaNymqdk wkdifyifxm;cJhMuonf/
taumufÓPfrsm;vSaom wzufvlrsm;\ y&d,m,faxmifacsmufwdkYudk ausmfNzwfEdkifrnfh yg;eyfaom
tpDtpOfudkvnf; wkdifyifcsrSwfxm;cJhMuNyD; Nzpfonf/
&S;D xifcsdwo
f nf Mu,fwcH eG af *[m\ NcH0if;y&0Pfxo
J Ydk awmaMumifwpfaumif\ ayghyg;vsifNrefNcif;rsKd;Nzifh
0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/
þNcH0if;xJokdY wMudrfwcgrQ ra&mufzl;ao;aomfvnf; ,efavmufqef aNymNyxm;onfhtwGuf NcH0if;
taetxm;ESifh taNctaet&yf&yfudk odxm;onf/
tdrfa*[m\ t0ifwHcg;rMuD;wGif &kwfw&ufMunfhí rNrifEdkifaom ydk;csnfrQifav;rsm; wef;xm;um
xdkydk;csnfrQOfav;rsm;udk xdrdwdkufrdvQif tcsufay;acgif;avmif; vIyf&Sm;toHNrnfonfh axmifacsmuf
qifxm;aMumif;vnf; ,efavmufqef\ pl;prf;xm;rIt& &SD;xifcsdwf odxm;cJhavonf/
xdkYNyif yifr0ifaygufwHcg;rS t0iftxGufrvkyf&efvnf; ,efavmufqefu aNymqdkrSmMum;xm;cJhonf/
414
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf tdrfa*[mtaemufbuf Nywif;wHcg;udk tomzGifhum tdrfa*[mxJokdY 0ifcJhonf/
ydwfaeaom wHcg;rsm;udk toHrNrnfbJ zGifhEdkifonfhenf; ,efavmufqefu oifNyxm;onfhtwGuf bmrQtcuftcJ
r&SdcJhay/
ol0ifa&mufvmonfhae&monf tdrfa*[mMuD;wGif wyfqifxm;aom vQKdU0Suftcsufay;pepfrsm;udk
xdef;csKyfonfh pufcvkwfcef;ESifh uyfvsuf&Sdaom tcef;Nzpfonf/
tcef;xJwiG f rD;xGe;f rxm;/ okYd aomf uyfvsuf&o
dS nfh pufcvkwcf ef;wGif xGe;f xm;onfh rD;a&mif\ a&mifNyef
[yfrIaMumifh 0dk;w0g;tvif;a&mif &Sdaeonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf pufcvkwfxdef;csKyfcef;okdY aNcoHrNrnfatmifeif;&if; tomcsOf;uyfvmcJhonf/
tcef;xJwGif tapmifhESpfa,muf&Sdaeonf/ tapmifhESpfa,mufonf pufcvkwfckHab;em;&Sd tcsufay;
acgif;avmif;i,f wpfckudk rMumcPyif MunfhaeMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xkdtapmifhESpfa,muftem;okdY tomav;csOf;uyfoGm;onf/
þae&mokdY &efola&mufrvmEdkif[k pdwfcsvufcs &SdaeMuaom tapmifhESpfa,mufrSm &SD;xifcsdwf csOf;uyf
vmonfudk rodMu/
&SD;xifcsdwftzdkY tapmifhESpfa,mufudk vuf0g;apmif;Nzifh wpfcsufpDckwfcsum owdvpfoGm;atmif
tvG,fyifvkyfEdkifonf/

ÄÄÄ

&S;D xifcsdwuf yifrpufcvkwrf sm;udk zsufq;D ypfaecsdew f iG f ,efavmufqefonf Mu,fwcH eG af *[m&Sd vQKdU0Suf
tcsKyfcef;wpfck\ acgifrdk;ay:okdY a&mufaeonf/
olonf acgifr;kd rd;k xm;aom tkyMf uGyef m;okYd rdred m;udu
k yfum tomav;em;axmifMunfo h nf/ atmufbuf&dS
tcef;xJrS vlrsm;\touf&SLoHudk Mum;&onf/
,efavmufqefonf rd;k xm;aom tkyMf uGyw f pfcsyfukd tomt,myif toHrNrnfatmifcmG NyD; atmufbufoYdk
ikHYMunfh\/
tusOf;cef;xJwGif tusOf;om;okH;a,muf &Sdaeonfudk awGU&onf/ tusOf;om;okH;a,mufvkH;rSm
toufig;q,f 0ef;usif t&G,frsm;NzpfNyD; 0wfxm;aom t0wftpm;ESifh &kyf&nfoGifNyiftm;vkH; wpfa,mufESifh
wpfa,muf wlnDMuonf/
tusOf;cef;xJwGif vufeufudkiftapmifh ig;a,mufvnf; apmifhMuyfaeonf/ ,efavmufqefonf
puúLxlxu l kd vdyu f m NyKvkyx
f m;onfh t&SnEf pS af yomomcefY&dS aNymif;wpfcu k kd tomxkw,
f Nl yD; tkwMf uGy[
f xm;onfh
ae&mrSwNznf;Nznf; nifompGm xdk;xnfhvdkufonf/
xdkpuúLaNymif;xJokdY aq;rIefYrsm;udk owdNzifhavmif;csum xnfhodyfNyD;aemuf aNymif;&if;rSEIwfcrf;awhí
nifompGmrIwfvdkufonf/
tdyfarGUcsaq;rIefYav;rsm;onf atmufbuf&Sd tusOf;cef;xJokdY ysHUqif;usa&mufoGm;onf/ tdyfarGUcs
aq;rIefYrsm;udk rIwfoGif;NyD;aemuf toufatmifhum puúLaNymif;udk NyefEIwfodrf;NyD; [xm;aomtkyfMuGyfudkvnf;
ae&mwus Nyefcsxm;ay;vdkufonf/
rMumyg/ tcsKyfcef;xJrS vJNydKusoGm;oHrsm; cyftkyftkyfay:vmonf/ aemufawmh toufrSefrSef
&SLoHrsm;udkom Mum;&awmhonf/
,efavmufqef acgif;udkauseyfpGm ndwfvdkufonf/ rdrd\ tdyfaiGUcsaq;rIefUu aumif;pGm tpGrf;NyNyD
NzpfaMumif; odvdkufonf/
odkYaomf bmrQrvIyf&Sm;ao;bJ tomNidrfumapmifhaeonf/ rdrd\ &nf&G,fcsufatmifNrif&eftwGuf
pdwf&Snf&Snf xm;vsuf tcsdeftcgudkapmifhpm;NyD;aomtcg tcGifhomawmhrS vIyf&Sm;vkyfaqmifzdkYvkdaMumif;
,efavmufqef aumif;pGmodonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ vIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh ay:aygufvmrnfh wdkufckdufoHrsm;udkom olapmifhvifhaeonf/
415
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
,efavmufqefonf odkif;tausmftarmf wpfa,mufNzpfaomfvnf; wdwfqdwfvQkKdU0SufpGm vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmif&rI rsm;udk ydkESpfoufonf/ &ifqdkifwdkufcdkufrIrsKd; rNyKvdkay/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; Mu,fwHcGeftdrfa*[mxJokdY 0ifa&mufNyD; vda&Smufa0udk u,fwifonfhta&;wGif
&SD;xifcsdwfu wzufvlrsm;\ pdwftm&kHudk qGJaqmifonfhtaeNzifh aNAmifvIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrIudk wm0ef,lNyD; olurl
wzufvlrsm; &SD;xifcsdwfxh tm&kHa&mufaecdkufwGif vQKdU0SufpGmvIyf&Sm;NyD; vda&Smufa0udk u,fxkwfoGm;a&;twGuf
wm0ef,lxm;cJhonf/
tcsdeftenf;i,f tMumwGif vIyf&Sm;oHrsm;? atmf[pfoHrsm;? wdkufckdufoHrsm; aomaomnHatmif
ay:vmonf/
xdktcgwGifrS ,efavmufqefonf pwifvIyf&Sm;avawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf yifrpufcvkwfrsm;udk zsufqD;NyD;aemuf tdrfa*[m0if; ta&SUbufydkif;okdY aNymifaNymif
wif;wif;yif aNy;xGufvmcJhonf/
þwGif tapmifhrsm;u awGUNrifoGm;NyD; olUaemufokdY aNy;vdkufvmMuonf/ xdktapmifhokdif;orm;rsm;\
vufrSvGwfatmif aNy;vdkvQif &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY tvG,fESifhyif aNy;oGm;Edkifonf/
odYk aomf wzuf&eforl sm;\ pdwt f m&ku
H q
kd q
JG mifonfh taeNzifh vIy&f mS ;wdu
k cf u
kd &f rnfh wm0ef&adS eaomaMumifh
tapmifhokdif;orm;rsm; 0dkif;vdkufvmonfhtMum;rS vGwfatmifraNy;Edkifonfh toGifrsKd;NyKvdkufonf/
þwGif tapmifhokdif;orm;rsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwfudk 0ef;&HrdoGm;Muonf/ þtcgwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwfu
MudK;pm;um xdk;azmufxGufonfh toGifrsKd;Nzifh [kd[kdonfonf aNy;vTm;vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufonf/
aNy;vTm;wdkufcdkufoHrsm;aMumifh Mu,fwHcGefa*[mpcef;\ wm0efcHNzpfaom pGefYudkaNzmif;onf tdyf&mrS
Edk;vmum vufpGJawmfokdif;orm;rsm;ESifhtwl a*[mtNyifokdY xGufvmonf/
]]rD;awG xGef;vdkufMuav? bmvkyfaeMuwmvJ}}
tarSmifxJwGif vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkuf aeMuonfudkawGUvQif pGefudkYaNzmif;u atmf[pftrdefYay;vdkufonf/
csufcsif;qdkovdkyif rD;wkwfrD;pnf;rsm;ta&mifNzifh xdefxdefvif;oGm;onf/
NcH0if;xJodkY xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufwkdufckdufvmolrSm i,f&G,faomokdif;orm; wpfa,mufwnf;omNzpfonfudk
awGUvdkuf&onfwGif pGefudkYaNzmif;rSm tawmfyifpdwfat;oGm;onf/
okYd aomf xdvk &l ,
G o
f idk ;f orm; wpfa,mufwnf;udk rdrw d Ykd bufrmS vlEpS q
f ,fausmf 0dik ;f 0ef;wduk cf ukd Mf unfw
h ikd f
tEdkifr&bJ rdrdvlrsm;yif ta&;edrfhovkd &Sdaeonfudk awGU&aomtcgwGifrl rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;&awmhonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkY nDaemifxGufrS Nzpfawmhr,fxifw,f}}
pGefUudkaNzmif;u olUab;em;wGif &yfaeaom odkif;tausmftarmfESpfa,mufudk iJhapmif;Munfhum
aNymvdkufonf/
xdkvlESpfa,mufrSm aNre*g;nDaemif[laom trnfNzifh owif;MuD;aeonfh pkusefcsefESifh pkusef[efNzpfonf/
aNre*g;*dkPf;\ odkif;ynm tNrifhrm;qkH;aom odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;vnf; Nzpfonf/
olwdkYESpfa,muf\ xl;Ncm;csufrSm twGif;tm;euf&Idif;rI? odkif;ynmtqifh? okdif;uGufodkif;[ef
vIyf&Sm;rIwdkYonf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf wax&mwnf; wlnDMuonf/ tNrGmnDaemifNzpfaomaMumifh
&kyfcsif;uvnf; a&G;r&atmifwlonf/
pdwfaepdwfxm;csif;vnf; wlnDMuum tNrJwrf;yif qifwl0wfpkHrsm;udk 0wfqifMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh
&if;ESD;olrsm;yif olwdkYESpfa,mufudk rcGJNcm;EdkifMuay/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYonf wdkufyGJ0ifonfhtcgwGif okdif;avmu\ xkH;wrf;pOfvmrsm;udk b,fawmhrS
ta&;rxm;/ rdrdwkdY tEdkif&&Sda&;udkom t"duxm;onf/ y&d,m,fqifrI? vSnfhpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk NyKvkyf
wdkufcdkufMuavh&Sdonf/ olwdkYnDaemifonf odkif;ynm tawmfNrifhrm;Muaomfvnf; odkif;avmuwGif *kPfodu©mum;
r&SdMuay/
olwdkYESpfa,mufESifh &ifqdkifwkdufcdkuf&mwGif vlwpfa,mufwnf;u ESpfukd,fcGJum wdkufcdkufonfh
toGifrsKd;Nzpfum wzufNydKifbufrSm xifa,mifNrifrSm; trsKd;rsKd;NzpfNyD; pdwfwkefvIyfacsmufcsm; oGm;&wwfonf/

416
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
olwdkYuvnf; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf &kyf&nfoGifNyifutp wax&mwnf; cGJr&atmifwlaeonfh
tNzpfudk aumif;pGmtokH;csum vSnfhuGuftrsKd;rsKd; qifwwfMuonf/ wzufNydKifbufukd xifa,mifNrifrSm;
Nzpfatmifvnf; trsKd;rsKd;vkyfwwfMuonf/
,ck &SD;xifcsdwfrSm aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYESifh &ifqdkif&ayawmhrnf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYonf pGefYudkaNzmif;udk acgif;ndwfNyNyD;aemuf a&SUokdYaNcvSrf;rSefrSefESifh yckH;csif;,SOfum
wufvSrf;oGm;Muonf/
]]aNre*g;nDaemif wdkufyGJ0ifvdrfhr,f? usefwJhvlawG aemufqkwfMu}}
pGefudkYaNzmif;u atmf[pfaNymqdkvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudk 0dkif;&HwdkufcdkufaeMuolrsm; csufcsif;yif twdkuf&yfum aemufqkwfoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf olxHodkYa&SU&IavQmufvSrf; vmaeaom aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYudk tomtuJcwfMunfhonf/
0wfykHpm;ykH? &kyf&nfoGifNyif tppt&m&m wlnDonf/ aNcvSrf;vmykHuyif wxyfwnf;Nzpfonf/ &kwfw&uf
MunfhvQif vlESpfa,muf[krxif&/ vlwpfa,mufwnf;u udk,fyGm;ESpfck NyKvkyfxm;oa,mifyif xifEdkifonf/
rsufESmtrlt&muvnf; xl;Ncm;onf/ a'goxGufonfh toGifvnf;r&Sd/ aysmf&Tifonfh oabmrsKd;vnf;
r[kwf/ bmrQ cHpm;rIr&Sdonfh at;pufpuftrlt&m Nzpfonf/
onfvdk trlt&mrsKd;&Sdolonf aoG;at;at;ESifhtvGefyif &ufpufwwfaMumif; awG;rdonfhtwGuf
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNre*g;nDaemifwdkY vIyf&Sm;rIudk owd&Sd&SdNzifh tuJcwfMunfhaeonf/
vufxJwGif udkifxm;NyD;Nzpfaom "m;&Snfudkvnf; taetxm; NyefNyifvdkufonf/ nmaNcz0g;udk aNrMuD;ay:
tNynfhcsxm;NyD; b,faNcaxmufurl aNrMuD;ay:wGif aNczsm;av;axmuf&kHrQ axmufxm;onf/ vdktyfvQif
vdktyfovdk a&SUaemuf ab;b,fnm &kwfNcnf;ae&maNymif;vJ vIyf&Sm;Edkifrnfh taetxm;rsKd; Nzpfonf/
,ck &ifqdkif&rnfh aNre*g;nDaemifwkdYonf aoG;at;at;ESifh &ufpufrnfholrsm; Nzpfonfudkawmh &SD;xifcsdwf
tuJcwfrNd yD; Nzpfonf/ okid ;f ynmtqifh rnfrQ&So d nfuu kd m; rodEikd af o;ay/ tawmftqifNh rifrh mS awmh aocsmonf/
xdkYNyif ESpfa,mufaygif; NydKifwlvIyf&Sm;wdkufckdufMurnfh oabm&Sd&m &ifqkdifzdkYuawmh odyfrvG,fvS/ tawmfudk
tusyftwnf; awGUayrnf/
aNre*g;*dkPf;wGif aNre*g;nDaemif pkusefcsifESifh pkusef[efwdkYonf emrnfausmf xdyfoD;okdif;orm;rsm;
NzpfMuonf/ okdYaomf olwdkYESpfa,muf wdkufyGJ0ifonfudkawmh awGUzl;olenf;onf/
xdkUaMumifh pGefukdYaNzmif; tygt0if odkif;orm;rsm;onf wdkufyGJudk pdwf0ifpm;pGm Munfhaeonf/
nonf arSmifrdkufae\/
Mu,fwHcGefa*[m ta&SUbuf0if;xJwGifrl rD;wkwfrD;pnf;rsm; xGef;n§dxm;aomaMumifh aeYcif;ESifhrNcm;
xdefvif;íaeonf/
vltm;vkH;yif rMumrD NzpfyGm;vmawmhrnfh tMudwfte,f wdkufcdkufrIudk pdwf0ifpm;pGm MunfhaeMuonf/
rnfolrQ toHrNyKMu/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYonf &SD;xifcsdwf&Sd&modkY csOf;uyfvmMuonf/
olwdkY\aNcvSrf;[efonf wrlqef;onf/ &kwfw&ufMunfhvQif aemufqkwfoGm;ovdkvdk xif&onf/
wu,fawmh aNre*g;t&dyfodkif;uGufukdokH;um a&SUodkYvsifNrefpGm wufvSrf;vmMuNcif; Nzpfayonf/
taMumif;rodolwpfa,mufqdkvQif rsufpdrSm;um pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;rdrnf rvGJay/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSmrl aNratmufcef;xJ&Sd yef;csDum;csyfrsm;rS odkif;uGufokdif;[efrsm;udk avhusifhwwfaNrmuf
cJhNyD;Nzpf&m aNre*g;u0draemokdif;usifhpOf\ vQKdU0Sufcsufudk em;vnfxm;onf/
aNcvSrf;uGufokH;uGuf vIyf&Sm;NyD;onfESifh rdrdukd twif;0ifwdkufcdkufvmawmhrnf NzpfaMumif;udk &SD;xifcsdwf
od&Sdxm;onf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkY wdkufppfqifvmonfESifh e*g;NzLzdkru0draemokdif;uGuf trSwfwpfESifh wefNyef&efvnf;
toifhNyifxm;onf/

417
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
"m;&Snfudkifxm;aom nmvufudk tomaemufodkYypfNyD; b,fvuf0g;udk tm;&Sdef,lxm;vkdufonf/
olUudk,fcE¨mtwGif;&Sd tm;rsm;onfvnf; vnfywfum udk,fcE¨m\ tay:ydkif;ESifhatmufydkif;okdY rQwpGm
cGJNzefYoGm;Muonf/
e*g;NzLzdkr u0draemodkif;uGuf trSwfwpfqdkonfrSm e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufESifh aNre*g;rdk;ysHokdif;uGufwdkUudk
qufpyfokH;pGJrItm; &SD;xifcsdwfu udk,fydkiftrnfay;xm;Ncif; Nzpfonf/
e*g;NzLrdk;ysHokdif;uGufwGif twGif;tm;udk udk,fcE¨mtay:ydkif;tESHY NzefYydkYay;&NyD; aNre*g;rdk;ysHokdif;uawmh
twGif;tm;udk udk,fcE¨matmufydkif;wGif pkpnf;ay;&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLrdk;ysHodkif;ESifh aNre*g;rdk;ysHodkif;wdkYudk qufpyftokH;csawmhrnf NzpfaomaMumifh
twGif;tm;udk udk,fcE¨mtay:ydkif;ESifh atmufydkif;wdkYudk rQwpGm cGJNzefYvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYonf &kwfw&uf aNcacsmfum vJusawmhrnfhtoGifrsKd; NzpfoGm;Muonf/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif Nyif;xefaom vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm;u &SD;xifcsdwfxHokdY aNy;0ifvmonf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkY pwifwdkufckdufavNyD/
toifh&Sdaeaom &SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; &kwfNcnf;yif wefNyefvIyf&Sm;EdkifcJhonf/
aNre*g;nDaemif\ ud, k cf E¨mrsm; acsmfvaJ wmhrnfu h o
hJ Ydk NzpfomG ;onfEiS hf olUcE¨mud,
k rf mS avxJoYdk aNrmufMuG
wufomG ;onf/ vufxrJ "S m;&Snu f wvufvufawmufyatmif vIy&f mS ;oGm;ovdk vuf0g;&du k cf sufEpS cf sufuvnf;
qufwdkufyif &dkufxkwfNyD;oGm;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\"m;csufrsm;u aNre*g;nDaemifwdkY\wdkufppfudk ususee ydwfqdkYacszsufypfEdkifonf/ xdkYNyif
vuf0g;&du k cf suf ESpcf sufuvnf; aNre*g;nDaemifwYkd ukd vTr;f rd;k Ncdr;f aNcmufvm&m aNre*g;nDaemifrmS tvefYwMum;yif
aemufokdY ckefqkwfvkdufMu&onf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfonf aNrMuD;ay:odkY nifompGm Nyefusvmonf/
,ckwdkufckdufrIwGif ESpfOD;ESpfbuf rnfolrQ xdckdufrdNcif; r&Sday/ okdY&mwGif wzuf\ odkif;ynmtqifhESifh
t&nftcsif;udkum; wzufrS aumif;pGm tuJcwfod&SdoGm;Muonf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwkdYonf "m;&Snfrsm;udk udk,fpDqGJxkwfvdkufMuonf/ xdkUaemuf ESpfa,mufvkH;NyKdifwlyif
&SD;xifcsdwfxHokdYaNy;0ifum oGufvufvSaom"m;csufrsm;Nzifh twif;w&Murf;yif wdkufppfqifMuavawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; aNre*g;nDaemifwdkY\ wdkufcsufrsm;udk wcsufcsif; ydwfqdkYacszsuf ypfaeonf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYonf wdkufckdufae&if;uyif pdwfxJwGif xdwfvefYvmMuonf/ wkefvIyfvmMuonf/
wzufrSvl&G,fonf olwdkYxifxm;onfxufyif okdif;ynm ydkrdkNrifhrm;aeonf/ olwdkY\wdkufuGuf
vIyf&Sm;uGufrsm;udk MudKwifodNrifaeonf/ wdkufppfqifrnfhtuGufudk toifhckcHNyD;Nzpfovdk a&Smifwdrf;rnfh
ae&mrSmvnf; MudKwifydwfqkdYNyD; Nzpfaeonf/
þvl&G,fudk rdrdwdkYtaeNzifh tEdkif&zdkY rNzpfEdkifaMumif; aNre*g;nDaemifwkdY em;vnfvmMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYudk tNywftEdkif,lrnfqdkvQif ,lEkdifavmufonfhtaNctaewGif
&SdaeNyDNzpfonf/
okdYaomf ,efavmufqef\ wdwfwqdwfvIyf&Sm;rI atmifNrifEdkifa&;twGuf wzuf&efolwdkY\ tm&kHudk
qGJaqmif ay;xm;&rnf NzpfaomaMumifh tNywftEkdif,lNcif; rNyKao;bJ tcsdefqGJum wdkufckdufíaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ,efavmufqef\ vQKdU0Suftcsufay;oHudk Mum;vkduf&onf/
,efavmufqefu ol\wm0efudk ausyGefatmif vkyfaqmifvdkufEdkifayNyD/
&S;D xifcsw
d f taeNzifvh nf; qufvufwu kd cf u
dk af ep&m rvkad wmh/ wdu k yf uJG kd vufpowfum xGucf mG oGm;zkYd om
&Sdawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu wdkufckdufrIt&Sdefudk &kwfNcnf;`r§ifhwifvkdufonf/ "m;csufrsm;u w0SD;0SD;Nzpfum aNre*g;
nDaemifwdkYudk vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/ aNre*g;nDaemif ysm,mcwfoGm;onf/ taotvJyif ckcHae&onf/
"m;csufaNcmufcsufqufwdkuf wdkufcdkufNyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf wdkufckdufrIudk &yfvkdufonf/
]]uJ ... uRefawmhfudk cGifhNyKygOD;}}
aNymNyD;onfESifh av\vsifNrefNcif;Nzifh vSpfceJaNy;xGufoGm;onf/
418
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYrSm ai;aMumifvsufom; usefaecJhonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf\ tuÐs&ifbwfrsm;wGif
"m;xdum pkwfNywfonfhae&mwpfckpD Nzpfay:aeonf/
wzufvl&G,fu wrifyif tuÐsppkwfNzJ&kHom vufqudk xdef;íckwfydkif;oGm;aMumif; olwdkY aumif;aumif;
odonf/ tu,fí vufqtenf;i,f`r§iu hf m "m;oGm;udk tenf;i,fa&SUwd;k vdu k o
f nfEiS hf "m;csufu olwYkd naD emif\
ESvkH;om;udk xdk;azmufrdrnfrvGJay/
aNre*g;nDaemif aZmacR;yif NyefoGm;&onf/ ausmuf&kyfMuD;awGvdk NidrfoufpGm &yfaecJhMuonf/
,efavmufqef\ wdwfqdwfvQKdU0SufpGm vIyf&Sm;rIu aumif;rGefpGm atmifyGJqifEdkifcJhonf/ olonf
twdtvif; vIyf&Sm; wdkufcdkufNcif;rNyK? tcsKyfcef;xJodkY tdyfarGUcsaq;rIefYrsm; rIwfoGif;um tapmifha&mtusOf;om;yg
tdyfaysmfoGm;atmif NyKvkdufonf/
þNyKvkyfrIonf pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkY tydkifqifxm;aom axmifacsmufudk vkH;0okH;r&atmif zsufypfvkdufonfh
oabmNzpfoGm;onf/
pGefukdYaNzmif;onf vufeufykef;ypfcwf&mwGif uRrf;usifvSaom ausmuf[lESifh ausmufavGnDaemifwdkYudk
vda&Smufa0ESifhwlatmif &kyfzsufapum vda&Smufa0ESifhtwl tcsKyfcef;xJwGif xnfhxm;cJhonf/ vufeufudkif
tapmifhig;a,mufukdvnf; csxm;cJhonf/
vda&Smufa0udk vma&mufu,fwifolonf tusOf;cef;xJokdY 0ifrnfqdkvQif vufeufudkiftapmifhrsm;udk
&ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&ayrnf/ tapmifhrsm;udk wdkufcdkufausmfvTm;EdkifvQifvnf; &kyf&nfcsif;qifwl? t0wftpm;csif;
qifwlNzpfaeol okH;a,mufwGif vda&Smufa0tppf rnfolNzpfonfudk cGJNcm;zdkYcufaernf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif vda&Smufa0toGif &kyfzsufta,mifaqmifxm;Muonfh ausmuf[kefESifh ausmufavGwdkYu
tqdyfvufeufykef;rsm;Nzifh tvpfzrf;um teD;uyfypfcwf MurnfNzpfonf/
þenf;Nzifh vda&Smufa0udk vma&mufu,fwifrnfholudkyg tydkifacsrIef;ypfEdkif&ef pGefudkYaNzmif;u
axmifacsmuf qifxm;cJhonf/
,efavmufqefuvnf; xdkokdYaom axmifacsmufqifrIrsKd;&SdEdkifaMumif; MudKwifpOf;pm;rdaomaMumifh
tapmifha&m tusOf;om;awGyg tdyfaysmfoGm;atmif t&ifOD;pGm NyKvkyfvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf tcsKyfcef;xJokdY 0ifa&mufum vda&Smufa0twktppf cGJNcm;MunfhraeawmhbJ tusOf;om;
okH;a,mufvkH;udk xrf;,lac:xkwf vmcJhavawmhonf/
,efavmufqef ,ckvdk atmifNrifpGm vkyfaqmifEdkifNcif;rSm &SD;xifcsdwfu wzufrSaeí &efolrsm;\
pdwftm&kHudk qGJaqmifvIyf&Sm;ay;xm;rIaMumifhvnf; Nzpfayonf/

ÄÄÄ

aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYrSm ausmuf&kyfMuD;awGvdk NidrfoufpGm &yfaeMuonf/


pGefudkYaNzmif;onf aNre*g;nDaemifteD;okdY taNy;a&mufvmNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,muf bmNzpfoGm;Muao;vJ}}
]]bmrS rNzpfygbl;}}
pkusefcsifu NyefaNymonf/
pGefudkYaNzmif;onf aNre*g;nDaemif\ tuÐs&ifbwfrsm; "m;csufNzifhpkwfNyJaeykHudk awGUoGm;um onfwyGJwGif
taNctaeb,fvdk&Sdonfukdvnf; em;vnfvdkufonf/
]]&efolvGwfoGm;ayr,fh udpör&Sdygbl;? olwdkYu vmtuJprf;Muwmyg}} pGefukdYaNzmif;u taNctaeudk
xdef;Edkif&ef aNymvdkufonf/
aNre*g;nDaemifuawmh pGefudkYaNzmif;\ tm;ay;pum;udk vufrcHEdkifyg/ wzuf&efolonf þae&mudk
tcsdefra&G; pdwfwdkif;us 0ifxGufoGm;vm vIyf&Sm;EdkifpGrf;&SdaMumif; olwdkYaumif;aumif;odonf/
okdYaomf xdktaMumif;udk twdtvif; xkwfraNym/
]]tcsKyfcef;xJu vda&Smufa0udk oGm;ppfaq;Munfh&if aumif;r,fxifw,f}}
419
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pkusef[efu pGefukdYaNzmif;udk aNymvkdufonf/
]][if ... bmaMumifhvJ}}
pGefukdYaNzmif;u tHhMo[efNzifh Nyefar;onf/
aNre*g;nDaemifwkdYu bmrQNyefraNz/
pGeuf YdkaNzmif;onf tawGUtMuKHrsm;olwpfa,muf Nzpfonft h wkid ;f wzufvu l b,faNcmufum nmvSr;f onfh
y&d,m,fNzifh vIyf&Sm;oGm;aMumif;udk &dyfrdoGm;onf/
apmapmu vl&G,fokdif;orm;onf qufvufwdkufckdufEdkifonfh taNctae&Sdygvsuf xl;Ncm;aom
tcsufay;oH wpfcsuf ay:vmonfESifh bmaMumifhwdkufckdufrIudk &yfum xGufcGmoGm;&oenf;[k awG;rdaomtcg
pGefudkYaNzmif;twGuf taNzay:vmcJhonf/
tcsKyfcef;xJokdY oGm;Munfh&efyif rvdkawmh/
pGefukdYaNzmif; tMuD;tus,f pdwfysuftm;avQmh oGm;&avonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf ocifMuD;vda&Smufa0 vGwfaNrmufvmonfh owif;onf MunfeefNrdKUxJwGif ysHUESHYoGm;onf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[m rD;avmifNyD;aemuf xl;qef;pGmaysmufqkH;oGm;cJholrsm; taMumif;pkHprf;&ef
MunfeefNrdKUokYd a&muf&adS eMuaom odik ;f orm;rsm;twGuf xdo k wif;onf arQmv f ifch suaf &mifNcnfozG,f NzpfomG ;onf/
þokdYNzifh e*g;0g*dkPf;? e*g;euf*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;? e*g;NzLa*[mwdkYrS odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh tNcm;*dkPf;tzGJU
toD;oD;wdkYrS odkif;orm;rsm;onf tusKd;taMumif; owif;pkHprf;&ef wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
vd a &S m uf a 0rS m tem;,l t m;arG ; aecsd e f Nzpf a omaMumif h wd r f v T m &J w d k u f o k d Y a&muf & S d v mMuonf h
odkif;orm;rsm;udk &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYuyif MudKqdk{nfh0wfNyKMu&onf/
e*g;NzLa*[mrS odkif;orm;tkyfpkwGif [kd,kqefvnf; yg0ifonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu [kd,kqefudk NrifvQifNrifcsif; rSwfrdaomfvnf; [kd,kqefurl &SD;xifcsdwfudk rrSwfrday/
]]wdrfvTm&JwdkufocifMuD; vda&Smufa0 b,fykHb,fenf;eJY vGwfaNrmufvm&w,fqdkwmudk odcGifh&Sd&if
odyg&apvm;Asm}}
okdif;orm; {nfhonfrsm;udk rdrdwdkY\*kPf&nftqifhtvdkuf {nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif ae&mcsxm;um
odik ;f avmu tpOftvm rdwq f ufMudKqdpk um;rsm; aNymqdNk yD;aomtcg [k, d q
k efu ,efavmufqefukd ar;vku d o f nf/
xdak r;cGe;f onf þ{nfch ef;aqmifoYdk a&mufaeMuaom odik ;f orm;tm;vk;H udk ud, k pf m;NyKum ar;cGe;f xkwNf cif;
[kvnf; qdkEdkifayonf/
olwdkYu MudKqdk{nfhcHMuol ESpfa,mufteuf ,efavmufqefrSm toufMuD;NyD; 0g&ifhodkif;orm;MuD;
wpfa,muf NzpfonfhtwGuf ,ckvdk ,efavmufqefudk OD;wnfum ar;Nref;vdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
,efavmufqefu &SD;xifcsdwfudk oabmxm;awmif;onfh taersKd;Nzifh vSrf;Munfhonf/
]]olwdkY odcsifwmudk aNymNyvkdufyg tb}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu cyfat;at;yif aNymonf/
þtcgwGif odkif;{nfhonftaygif;u &SD;xifcsdwfudk tHhMoovdk MunfhvkdufMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfvdk i,f&G,faomvkvifysKd wpfa,muftaeNzifh ,ckvdk tqifhtwef; taNctaersKd; &Sdvdrfhrnf[k
olwdkYrxifcJhMuay/
tcsKdUuqdkvQif &SD;xifcsdwfudk wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf ocifrav; vdcsrfvl\cspfol okdYr[kwf vdcsrfvlESifh
vufxyfawmhrnf vl[kyif xifrdMuao;onf/
vdcsrfvl aoqkH;oGm;NyD;qdkonfh owif;udk zkH;zdxm;onfhtwGuf tNyifvlrsm; rodMuao;ay/
&SD;xifcsdwfxHrS cGifhNyKcsuf&onfESifh ,efavmufqefonf rdrdESifh&SD;xifcsdwfwdkY vlpkcGJum vda&Smufa0udk
u,fwifay;cJyh Hk taMumif;rsm;udk aNymNyvdu k o
f nf/ xdYk Nyif þudprö sm;onf trsm;xifovdk e*g;NzLa*[m\vufcsuf
r[kwfbJ aNre*g;*dkPf;\ vufcsufNzpfaMumif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;&Sif;Nyonf/
aNre*g;nDaemifEiS hf &S;D xifcsdww
f Ykd &ifqikd w
f u
dk cf u
dk &f mwGif &S;D xifcsdwuf NywfNywfom;om; tEdik , f v
l u kd Ef ikd yf Hk
taMumif;udk ,efavmufqefu aNymNyonfhtcgwGif okdif;orm;rsm;u r,kHEdkifonfh tMunfhrsm;Nzifh &SD;xifcsdwfudk
vSrf;MunfhvdkufMuonf/
420
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
aNre*g;nDaemifwYkd \ xl;Ncm;aom wku d ef nf;wdu
k [f efEiS hf y&d,m,f taumufÓPfrsm;vSyHk taMumif;rsm;udk
olwkdYaumif;aumif; odxm;Muonf/ &SD;xifcsdwfvdk i,f&G,faom okdif;vkvifwpfa,muftaeNzifh aNre*g;nDaemif
wdkYudk tEdkif,lEdkifonfqdkNcif;rSm ,kH&cufcuf NzpfaeMuonf/
,efavmufqef\ pum;qk;H oGm;aomtcg acwåNidro f ufomG ;NyD;aemuf okid ;f {nfo
h nfrsm;tMum;rS tbGm;tdk
wpfa,muf a&SUokdYavQmufvSrf;xGufvmonf/
tbGm;tdkonf t0ga&mif0wfpkHudk 0wfxm;onf/ okdYaomf 0wfpkH\aq;a&mifrsm; uRwfaeNyD NzpfaomaMumifh
NzLa&mfa&mftoGifyifNzpfaeonf/ t0ga&mifqdkí tenf;i,fom usefawmhonf/
]]'Dr,foli,f ... rif;u aNre*g;nDaemifudk &ifqdkifwdkufckdufNyD; tEdkif,lcJhw,fvdkY a[m'DrdwfaqGMuD;u
aNymcJhw,f? 'gtrSefyJvm;}}
tbGm;tkdu &SD;xifcsdwfudk pl;pdkufMunfhNyD;ar;\/
]]rSefygw,f cifAsm}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu acgif;ndwfNyNyD; NyeftaNzay;onf/
]]aNre*g;nDaemifqdkwm omrefokdif;orm;awG r[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh vlav;b,fvdkrS ratmufarhbl;qdk&if
bGm;bGm;&JU odkif;uGufokH;uGufudk &ifqdkifMunfhyg? bGm;bGm;&JU odkif;uGufokH;uGufudk &ifqdkifckcHEdkifw,fqdk&if
vlav;[m aNre*g;nDaemifwdkYudk wu,fyJtEdkif&cJhw,fqdkwm bGm;bGm;vufcHr,f? b,fvdk oabm&ovJ? tck
bGm;bGm; aNymwm[m wNcm;{nfhonfawG&JU &ifxJrSm&SdaewJh oHo,udkvJ aNzazsmufay;Ekdifr,fh enf;vrf; Nzpfw,f
qdkwmudk vlav;oabmaygufygvdrfhr,f}}
aNre*g;nDaemifuJhokdYaom tm*odkif;orm;ESpfa,mufudk &SD;xifcsdwfvdk vli,fav;wpfa,mufu &ifqdkif
wdkufckduf tEdkif,lEdkifcJhonfqdkNcif;rSm wu,fyif oHo,NzpfzG,f&m aumif;aeonf/
xdkYaMumifh trsm;tNrif&Sif;um oHo,pdwfrsm; yaysmufap&ef xdktbGm;tdku xGufvmNyD; aNyvnfpGm
aNymqdkvdkufNcif; Nzpfonf/
þoabmudk &SD;xifcsdwf aumif;pGmem;vnfonf/
]][kwfuJh ... uRefawmf oabmaygufygw,f bGm;bGm;? bGm;bGm; pdwfwdkif;us ppfaq;Edkifygw,ff}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu þokdYaNymNyD;aemuf tbGm;tkdESifh &ifqdkifEdkif&ef a&SUokdYavQmufvSrf; wufvmonf/
tbGm;tko d nf &S;D xifcsdw\
f aNcvSr;f [efukd *&kNyKumtuJcwfMunfah eonf/ aNcvSr;f rsm;onf tm;Nynfu h m
ayghyg;onf/ xdkYNyif tbGm;tdktzdkY tNrifrpdrf;aom [efyefrsKd;vnf; &Sdaeonf/
]]uRefawmf toifhygyJ bGm;bGm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu tbGm;tdk\a&SUvufwurf; tuGmwGif&yfum t&dktao ay;vkdufonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... 'gqdk&if bGm;bGm;pawmhr,f}}
tbGm;tkdu nmvufudkqefYwef;um vIyf&Sm;vdkufonf/
vufvIyf&Sm;rIonf tm;tifyg&Sdonf[k rxif&/ tbGm;tdkwpfa,mufu olr\a&SUwGif&Sdaom
pm;aomufzG,f&m wckckudkvufvSrf;um ,lvdkufonfhtoGifrsKd;om Nzpfonf/
tbGm;tkd\ vufvIyf&Sm;wkdufcdkufrI rnfrQtm;tif Nyif;xefaMumif;udk udk,fwkdifxdawGU &ifqdkif&ol
&SD;xifcsdwfwpfa,mufwnf;om odonf/
Nyif;xefaom tiftm;vIdif;MuD;wpfck zdwdk;0ifa&mufvmonfudk &SD;xifcsdwf cHpm;odvdkufonf/
ae&mwGifyif qufvufí&yfaevQif xdktiftm;MuD;\zdESdyfrIaMumifh yufvufvefum vJusoGm;Edkifonf/
xdkYaMumifh e*g;NzLzdkr u0draemodkif;uGuf trSwfwpf[k olUbmomol trnfay;xm;aom e*g;NzLrdk;ysH
okdif;uGufESifh aNre*g;rdk;ysHodkif;uGufwdkY qufpyfxm;aom odkif;uGufudkokH;um ckefvTm;a&Smifwdrf;vdkufonf/
]][l; ...}}
e*g;wpfaumif rmefoGif;ovdk toHMuD;wcsuf Nrnf[def;NyD; &SD;xifcsdwf\udk,fcE¨mrSm avxJokdY aNrmufMuG
wufoGm;onf/
tbGm;tdkuvnf; &kwfNcnf;yif wdkufcsufvrf;aMumif;udk aNymif;vdkufonf/ avxJokdY aNrmufMuG
wufoGm;aom &SD;xifcsdwfudk vuf0g;tpkHNzifh yifhwif&dkufvkdufonf/
421
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm bmrQrwwfomawmhbJ b,fnmvuf0g;tpkHudk qefYxkwfum tbGm;tdk\&dkufcsufrsm;udk
qD;MudKcHaqmifh&avawmhonf/
]]zkef; ... zkef;}}
vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm; tcsif;csif;qdkifum &dkufrdonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf Nyif;xefaom tm;tifMuD;wpfck aqmifhwdk;vmonfudk cH&NyD; &if0wGifwpfqdkYum
touf&SLyifrSm;oGm;onf/ ol\ udk,fcE¨mrSmvnf; abmvkH;wpfckvdk avxJwGif vdrfhxGufoGm;onf/
tbGm;tdu k ,kd wf idk rf mS vnf; aemufNyefvefum vJusNyD; Murf;NyifwiG af v;ig;csufvrdS u hf m uk, d &f edS u
f okd wfNyD;rS
Nyefvnfrwfwwf x&yfvmEdkifonf/
xdt k csdew
f iG f &S;D xifcsdwrf mS avxJwiG f vGix hf u G o
f mG ;&mrS atmufoYdk Nyefusvm&m tusawmfatmif renf;yif
MudK;pm;um udk,f[efudkxdef;vdkuf&onf/
]]aemufxyfwpfuGufyJ usefawmhw,f? vlav; owdxm;}}
tbGm;tdku aNymqdkowday;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfudk 0ifa&mufwdkufckdufvmNyefonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; oltydkifEdkifqkH; odkif;ynmNzpfonfh e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;udkokH;um NyefvnfckcH
umuG,f&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ rsufvkH;ESpfckonf e*g;rsufvkH;rsm;tvm; ta&mifvufvufawmufum udk,f[ef
vIyf&Sm;ykHuvnf; txl;yiftm;NynfhNyD; oGufvufaeonf/
{nfch ef;aqmifx&J dS odik ;f orm;rsm;wGif e*g;NzLu0draemokid ;f ynm taMumif;todq;Hk vlrmS [k, d q k efNzpfonf/
[k, d qk efonf &S;D xifcsw d \f odik ;f uGuv f yI &f mS ;[efukd MunfNh yD; tvGeyf iftMhH oaeonf/ odik ;f uGuo f idk ;f [efrmS
tvGefyiftqifhNrifhvSaom e*g;NzLu0draemodkif;uGuf vIyf&Sm;[eftppftrSefyif Nzpfonf/
[kd,kqefudk,fwkdifyif þrQavmuf tqifhNrifhatmif vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufEkdifNcif; r&Sd/ olodoavmufqdkvQif
e*g;NzL u0draemodkif;ukd þrQavmuf tqifhNrifhNrifh vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufEdkifolrSm olUq&m ydkifusifvkH wpfa,muf
wnf;om &Sdonf/
,ckrl trnfrodvl&G,fwpfa,mufu e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;ynmudk tqifhNrifhrm;pGm vIyf&Sm; wdkufcdkuf
aeonfudk awGU&aomtcg olUrsufpdESifh wyftyfNrifae&vsuf r,kHEdkifatmif Nzpfaerdonf/
tbGm;tkdESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkY\ wkdufcdkufrIrsm;u ydkíoGufvufNrefqefvmonf/ ESpfa,mufom; yl;uyf
oGm;um wzkef;zkef; vuf0g;&dkufcsufrsm; &dkufoHMum;&NyD;aemuf vlcsif;cGmoGm;onfudkom NrifMu&onf/ b,fenf;
b,fykH vIyf&Sm;um rnfokdYrnfykH wdkufckdufoGm;onfudkyif aoaocsmcsm rNrifMu&/
vlcsif;cGJoGm;NyD;aemuf &SD;xifcsdwfrSm wukd,fvkH; acR;rsm;&TJum touf&SLvnf; Nrefaeonf/ EIwfcrf;
axmifhqDwGif aoG;prsm;vnf; pkdYaeonf/
tbGm;tdrk mS rl csufcsif;yif wifysOfacGxikd cf sum rsufv;Hk pkrH w dS v
f suf toufut kd awmf cufcufccJ J &SLaeonf/
&S;D xifcsdwo f nf tbGm;tdt k em;okYd wd;k uyfomG ;um tbGm;td\ k ausmqpftv,fA[kad vmufwiG f vuf0g;udk
uyfum xdcsvdkufonf/
odkif;orm;rsm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfoGm;Muonf/ tcsKdUqdkvQif a&SUokdYaNy;xGufvmum &SD;xifcsdwfudk
wdkufckdufrnfuJhokdYyif [efNyifMuonf/
]][dwfvlawG ... bmvkyfMuwmvJ? usKyfwlawmfarmifu tbGm;MuD;twGif;tm; vnfywfEdkifatmif
NznfhESdyfe,f ay;aewmudk em;rvnfMubl;vm;}}
,efavmufqefu atmf[pf[efYwm;vdkufawmhrS xdkolrsm; udk,f&SdefowfoGm;Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\apwemudkvnf; em;vnfoGm;Muonf/

tcsdeftenf;i,f ukefvGefoGm;NyD;aemuf ...


]]&ygNyD vlav;? tckvdk ulnDay;wm trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
tbGm;tkdu NyKH;&,fumaNymNyD; xdkifae&mrS xonf/

422
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; EIwfcrf;axmifh&Sd aoG;prsm;udk tuÐsvufzsm;pNzifh okwfypfvkdufNyD; ...
]]uRefawmf pdwfrxdef;EdkifbJ tm;tokH;vGefoGm;wmudk awmif;yefygw,f? b,fvdkrS ratmufarhygeJY}}
]]udpör&Sdygbl;uG,f? bGm;bGm; em;vnfygw,f? 'geJY vlav;q&mu b,folvJ? ydkifusifvkHvm;?
ydkifpkusifvm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ odkif;ynmZmpfNrpfudk tuJcwfrdNyDNzpfaomaMumifh tbGm;tkdu 'ufceJar;csvdkufonf/
]]arar ydkifpkusifyg}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ taNzpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg tbGm;tdk\ rsufESmay:wGif xl;qef;aom t&dyfta,mifrsm;
ay:vmonf/
]][if ... rif;u ydkifpkusif&JUom; [kwfvm;? 0rf;omvdkufwmuG,f? 0rf;omvdkufwm? vlav; rSwfxm;aemf?
bGm;bGm; emrnfu 0lpifwJh? vlav; arar ydkifpkusifu bGm;bGm;taMumif; aNymNyrxm;bl;vm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ ESvkH;om;qwfceJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
csufcsif;yif 0lpif\a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufxkdifcsNyD; t&dktaoay;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmf &SD;xifcsdwfyg bGm;bGm;}}
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwf\ acgif;rSqHyifrsm;udk MuifempGmyGwfoyfay;onf/
aqGrsKd;rsm;\ aEG;axG;aom arwåmESifhuif;rJhum wpfaumifMuGufvkd Nzpfaeaom &SD;xifcsdwftzdkY rdrd\tbkd;
ydik u
f sifv\ Hk aoG;aomufnrD ? rdrd rdcifyidk pf u k sif\ cspfvpS mG aom a':av;0lpifEiS hf qkaH wGU&aomtcg 0rf;om0rf;enf;
Nzpf&&Smonf/
0lpifudk udk,fwdkifrawGUzl;ao;aomfvnf; rdcifNzpfolydkifpkusif\ aNymNycsufrsm;t& aumif;aumif;
odxm;onf/
0lpifonf [kdifeefuRef; vufig;acsmif;awmifxdyfwGif aexdkifaom emrnfausmf odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf
Nzpfonf/ e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyf e*g;u0dwpfqlvnf; Nzpfayonf/
[kd,kqefrSmvnf; raeomawmhbJ 0lpifudk vma&muf *g&0NyK&avawmhonf/
]]a':av;0lpifudk uRefawmf [kd,kqefu *g&0NyKygw,f cifAsm;}}
[kd,kqefu t&dktaoay;&if; aNymonf/
0lpifonf ydkifusifvkH\ aoG;aomufnDrNzpfonf/ [kd,kqefu ydkifusifvkH\ wynfhMuD;Nzpfonf/
odkif;avmu xkH;wrf;pOfvmt& 0lpifonf [kd,kqef\ a':av;awmfpyfaeayonf/
0lpifonf e*g;NzLa*[modkY ta&muftaygufenf;aomaMumifh [kd,kqefESifh wpfMudrfrQ rqkHrdao;ay/
odkYaomf wpfa,muf\trnfudkawmh wpfa,mufu odaecJhMuonf/
]]aMomf ... rif;u tpfudkydkifusifvkH&JU wynfhMuD;udk;? 'geJY aeygOD;? rif;u rif;wlawmfarmifudk bmaMumifh
rodcJhwmvJ}}
0lpifu [kd,kqefudkMunfhum ar;vdkuf&m [kd,kqefcrsm tawmfyif rsufESmtxm;& cufoGm;onf/
]][kd ... [kd ... oleYJ rqkrH ad o;vkYd yg? NyD;awmh ydik pf u
k sifuvJ olUom;taMumif; uRefawmfu h kd aNymNyrxm;ygbl;}}
0lpifu acgif;wpfcsufndwfvkdufNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfbufvSnfhMunfhum ...
]]vlav;rsufESmudk &kyfzsufNyKNyifxm;wmawG aq;aMumypfvkdufygawmh? vlav;&JU yifudkrsufESmudk
bGm;bGm;Munfhcsifw,f}}
]][kwfuJh bGm;bGm;}}
&SD;xifcsdwfonf &kyfzsufxm;onfrsm;udk aq;aMumz,f&Sm;ypfvkduf&m rGef&nfcefYnm;aom rlv&kyfoGif
ay:vmonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf\ {nhfcef;aqmifokdY a&muf&SdaeMuaom odkif;orm;taygif;wdkYonf pum;yifus,fus,f
raNym&JMuawmh/

423
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkH\ aNr;NzpfNyD; e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;csKyf 0lpif\ ta&;ay;rI
udkvnf; &&Sdaeonf/ e*g;NzLu0draemokdif;udk wwfaNrmufaeNyD; e*g;pdrf;u0draemokdif;udk wwfaNrmuf&efvnf;
tcGifhtvrf;aumif;aeonf/ waeYaeYwGif u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmifNzpfvmEdkifaMumif;udk
olwdkYawG;rdMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwftaeNzifh aNre*g;u0draemodkif;udk wwfaNrmufxm;onfomru odkif;avmuwGif owif;MuD;NyD;
arQmfvifah eMuonfh rSYJ &pS v f ;Hk &SiNf zpfaMumif;udrk l xdo
k idk ;f orm;rsm; rodMuao;ay/ odcyhJ gvQif ,ckxufyí kd pdwv f yI &f mS ;
oGm;Muayvdrfhrnf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ydkifusifvkH\aNr;Nzpf&m ukef;pGefcsDwdkYvufxJwGif tzrf;cHae&aom ydkifusifvkHudk
u,fwifrnf rvGJay/ xdkodkY ydkifusifvkHudk u,fwif&if;Nzifh rdrdwdkY\ *dkPf;csKyfrsm;ESifh nDaemifokdif;orm;rsm;udkyg
vGwfaNrmufvmapEdkifaMumif; qufpyfawG;rdNyef&m &SD;xifcsdwftay:wGif tm;udk;tm;xm; NyKvdkaompdwfrsm;vnf;
tvdkvdkNzpfay:vmMuonf/
xdkokdif;orm;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGif rdrdwdkYtm;vkH;onf u0draemodkif;tEG,f0if rdom;pkwpfpkwnf;om
NzpfMuonfqdkaom aoG;pnf;onfhpdwfrsm;vnf; yxrqkH;tMudrf ay:aygufvmMuonf/
ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m tcsif ; csif ; *k P f N yd K if w d k u f c k d u f a erI r sm; tqk H ; owf N yD ; pG r f ; &nf x uf N ruf a om
acgif;aqmifaumif; wpfa,muf\ ODaqmifrIatmufwGif pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGm&SdvQif tvGefaumif;rnf[kvnf;
awG;rdvmMuonf/

ÄÄÄ

]]{nhfonftaygif;wkdY&Sif ... uRefr pum;wpfcGef;avmuf aNymcsifygw,f}}


0lpifu pum;pvkduf&m wdrfvTma*[m\ {nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif &SdaeMuaom okdif;orm;taygif;wkdYu
0lpifudk vSrf;MunfhvdkufMuonf/
]]u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifawG&JU txl;pkHnD awGUqkHyGJwpfckudk uRefr e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;csKyf0lpifu wm0ef,lNyD;
pDpOfusif;yay;vkdygw,f? Nzpfay:aewJh udpöawGudkvJ &Sif;ay;yghr,f? oabmwlMuygovm;}}
]]wlygw,f ...}}
]]wlygw,f ...}}
oabmwl a Mumif ; aNymqd k o H r sm; {nf h c ef ; aqmif x J w G i f ql n H o G m ;onf / ,ck taNctaeonf
u0draemokid ;f tEG,0f ifrsm;tzdYk ydu k u
f eG Nf zifh tkyzf rf;cH&aom ig;rsm;\ taNctaersKd; Nzpfaeay&m ydu k u
f eG \
f tkyrf ;kd rIrS
vGwfaNrmufatmif vkyfaqmifay;rnf[k qdkvmaomtcg 0rf;aNrmuf0rf;om oabmwl vufcHMuonfrSm rqef;ay/
]]aumif;NyD ... 'Dvdkqdk&if tckavmavmq,frSm ukef;pGefcsDeJY aNre*g;*dkPf;udk b,fvdkrS &efrrlMuygeJYOD;?
u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawG&JU pkHnDawGUqkHyGJusif;yr,fh zdwfMum;pmudk rMumcifay;ydkYygr,f}}
0lpifu qufvufaNymMum;onf/
xd k Y a emuf ok d i f ; {nf h o nf t aygif ; onf wd r f v T m &J w d k u f u wnf c if ; auR;arG ; aom aeY v ,f p mud k
aysmfaysmfyg;yg;yif pm;aomufMuavonf/
þaeUonf odkif;avmu\ taNctaeudk wrsKd;wzkHaNymif;vJ&ef tpNyKonfhaeY[k qdk&ayrnf/

424
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (40)
&Spfvydkif;? q,fhig;&uf? vNynfhaeUwGif wdrfvTm&Jwdkufü u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifwkdY\ pkHnDawGUqkHyGJudk
usif;yNyKvkyfrnfNzpfaMumif; 0lpifudk,fwkdif vufrSwfa&;xdk; zdwfMum;onfh zdwfpmay:aygufvmonf/
xdkpkHnDrdwfqkHyGJokdY rwufa&mufonfh *dkPf;tzGJUudk u0draemokdif;tEG,f0iftNzpfrS &yfpJy,f&Sm;
ypfrnfqdkaom tcsufudkvnf; zdwfpmxJwGif twdtvif; azmfNyxm;onf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mwGif e*g;u0drsm;\ rdwfqkHr*Fvmudk usif;ycsdefwGif 0lpifonf MunfeefNrdKUokdY
a&mufvm aomfvnf; rdwfqkHyGJokdY wufa&mufcJhNcif; r&Sday/
xdkrdwfqkHyGJonf u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifwdkUtMum; rvdkrkef;xm; wdkufcdkufrIrsm;om Nzpfay:apaomaMumifh
yg0ifrwufa&mufbJ aeNcif;Nzpfonf/ rdwfqkHyGJtaMumif; owif;udk Mum;odvdkaMumifh MunfeefNrdKUokdYrl &kyfzsufum
a&muf&SdaecJhonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ tdrfa*[mMuD; rD;avmifysufpD;NyD; rdwfqkHyGJwufa&mufolrsm; aysmufqkH;oGm;aomtcg
trsm;enf;wlyif ykdifusifvkH\vufcsuf[k 0lpifu xifrdao;onf/
onfvdk taumufMuH vkyfaqmifykHrsKd;udk 0lpiftaeNzifh rMudKufaomfvnf; e*g;u0d wpfa,mufa,mufu
u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifrsm;udk pkpnf;OD;aqmifEdkifvQif tcsif;csif; wdkufcdkuf owfNzwfaerIrsm; yaysmufoGm;Edkif
aomaMumifh bmrQrvIyf&Sm;bJ tomyif qufvuftuJcwf MunfhaecJhonf/
taNctaeu ydk&IyfaxG;vmonf/
425
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdt k awmtwGi;f wdrv f mT &Jwukd o
f cifMuD; vda&Smufa0 vGwaf NrmufvmaMumif; owif;ay:vmonf/ þwGif
0lpifonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY rxifr&Sm; vma&mufcJh&mrS rarQmfvifhbJ ydkifpkusif\om; &SD;xifcsdwfudk awGU&onf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ pdwfxm;NrifhNrwfykHESifh odkif;ynmxufNrufykHwdkYudk awGU&aomtcg u0draemodkif;tEG,fudk
pnf;&k;H acgif;aqmifEikd rf nfh vlwpfa,mufNzpfvmEdik af Mumif; tuJcwfrNd yD; pkn H aD wGUqkyH JG NyKvky&f ef pDpOfcNhJ cif;Nzpfonf/
0lpifonf wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGifyif wnf;cdkaexdkifNyD; &SD;xifcsdwfudk rdrd\e*g;pdrf; u0draemodkif;ynm
oifMum;ay;onf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf aNre*g;u0draem odkif;ynmwufaNrmuf aeonfhtNyif odkif;avmuwGif owif;MuD;um
arQmfvifhapmifhpm; aeMuaom rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif NzpfaMumif;udkvnf; od&onfwGif 0lpifrSm tvGefyif tm;wufaysmf&Tif
oGm;onf/
0lpifESifh ,efavmufqefwkdY wdkifyifum &SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;wGif rSJYeuf&SpfvkH; yg&SdaMumif;udk
a&Smifvifausmif;awmfokdY taMumif;Mum;vdkufonf/
xdkokdY taMumif;Mum;NyD;aemuf &uftenf;i,ftMumwGif a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrSm tqifhNrifh
odkif;orm;wpfpk wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ tqifhNrifh odkif;orm;rsm;udk a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD; avQmufcsifhudk,fwdkif
OD;aqmifvmNyD; pnf;urf;xdef; *dkPf;tkyf a0ckH;ESifh a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ oufawmf&Snfq&mMuD; av;yg;wdkY
yg0ifMuonf/ xdkYNyif a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ vufa&G;pifodkif;orm; oD[wref q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYvnf;
ygvmMuonf/
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD; avQmufcsifhonf c&D;xGufcJonf/ pnf;urf;xdef; *dkPf;tkyfa0ckH;rSmvnf;
ausmif;awmfwiG o f m taersm;onf/ oufawmf&n S q
f &mMuD; av;yg;rSmrlum; tNyifoYdk xu G &f ef rqdx k m;bd? a&Smifvif
ausmif;awmfxJwGifyif toGm;tvmr&SdbJ olwdkY\ oD;oefYtaqmifwGifom aeMuonf/
,ck olwdkYtm;vkH; wdrfvTm&JwdkufodkY a&muf&SdvmMuonfNzpf&m rSJY&SpfvkH;&Siftay: a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu
rnfrQta&;xm;aMumif;udk odomEkdifayonf/ onfvdktNzpfrsKd;onf odkif;avmuwGif ray:aygufzl;ao;ay/
0lpif? &SD;xifcsdwfESifh ,efavmufqefwdkYomru wdrfvTm&JwdkufocifMuD; vda&Smufa0 udk,fwdkifyif
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ tqifhNrifh okdif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk c&D;OD;MudKqdkMuonf/
vda&Smufa0onf ukef;pGefcsDwdkY\ zrf;qD;cHxm;&rIaMumifh yifyef;tm;enf;rIrsm;udk aumif;pGmtem;,l
tm;arG;NyD;NyDrdkY usef;rmaeNyDNzpfonf/
vdcsrfvl aoqkH;oGm;onfh taMumif;udk tpydkif;wGif vda&Smufa0udk todray;bJ zkH;zdxm;cJhaomfvnf;
aeaumif;í usef;rmaomtcg taMumif;pkH aNymNyMuonf/
vda&Smufa0onf wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;av; vdcsrfvludk tvGefcspfonf/ vdcsrfvl\ b0aemifa&;
twGufvnf; rsm;pGmarQmfvifhcsufxm;onf/ aemiftem*wfumvwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udk vdcsrfvlu wdk;wuf
MuD;Nrifhatmif acgif;aqmifoGm;Edkifvdrfhrnf[lívnf; ,kHMunfxm;onf/
avSavSmaf umif;wke;f wufusKd;qdo k vdk i,f&,
G Ef ykd sKdqJ tm;tifrsm; wufoufptcsdew f iG f aoqk;H oGm;&onfh
orD;twGuf txl;yif pdwfxdckdufaMuuGJrdonf/
vdcsrfvlom aoqkH;roGm;ygu &SD;xifcsdwfonf rdrd\orufNzpfvmrnf [lívnf; vda&Smufa0u
awG;rd\/ rawmfvdkuf&aom orufav; &SD;xifcsdwfudk awGU&avwdkif; vda&Smufa0tzdkY uG,fvGefol orD;av;
vdcsrfvludk ydkowd&vmaponf/
a&Smifvifodkif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk {nhfcef;aqmifxJwGif ae&mxdkifcif;rsm; ay;onf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;ukd,fwdkif MuGa&mufvmwmudk trsm;MuD; tm;emrdygw,f}}
{nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif ae&m,lMuNyD;aomtcg 0lpifuaNym\/
]]udpör&Sdygbl;? usKyfwdkY[m rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm apmifharQmf&SmazGcJhMuwJh vlawGyg? uJ ...
rSJU&SpfvkH;&Sifudk awGYyg&apvm;}}
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;onf vdk&if;udk csufcsif;yifaNym\/

426
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rSYJ &pS v
f ;Hk &Siu
f kd awGUvdNk rifvpdk wd f xufoefvaS omaMumifh okid ;f avmu\ tpOftvm {nf0h wfpum;rsm;udyk if
aNymraeawmhay/
a&S m if v if a usmif ; awmf b uf r S vd k & if ; pum;ud k aNymcsvmNyD ; Nzpf & m 0l p if w d k Y taeNzif h v nf ;
tNcm;y#doE¨m&pum;rsm;udk qdkaep&mrvdkawmh/
]]rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifqdkwm a[m'Du oli,fav;ygyJ}}
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk nTefNyNyD; aNym\/
a&Smifvifodkif;orm;MuD;rsm;\ rsufvkH;tMunfhrsm;u &SD;xifcsdwftay:odkY usa&mufvmonf/
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfbuf vSnfhMunfhNyD; ...
]]uJ ... vlav;? a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;eJY q&mMuD;awGa&SUarSmufrSm tppfaq;cHvkdufyg}}
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u tomvufudkaNr§mufNyvdkuf&m oD[wref q,fh&SpfazmfwdkYonf {nhfcef;aqmif\
tNyifbufwGif 0ef;&Hum apmifhMuyfvdkufMuonf/
ta&;MuD;aom taNctaeu {nfhcef;aqmifudk vTrf;NcKHoGm;onf/ ,cktcsdefonf okdif;avmutwGuf
xl;Ncm;aom aNymif;vJrI pwifrnfhtcsdefyif r[kwfygvm;/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf xdkif&mrSxum a&Smifvifokdif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk OD;nTwft&kdtao ay;vdkufonf/
rdrd\aNcz0g;rS rSJY&SpfvkH;udk ppfaq;Munfh&INyD;aemuf a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;tm; rdrdvufokdY ay;tyfMurnf
qdNk cif;udk &S;D xifcsdwf odxm;NyD;Nzpf\/ odYk &mwGif a&SmifvifvQKdU0Suyf pön;f qdo k nfrmS rnfonft h &mNzpfaMumif;udu k m;
rrSef;qEdkifay/
odkif;avmuwGif ya[VdvdkNzpfaeaom a&SmifvifvQKdU0Sufypönf;taMumif; rMumrDrSmyif od&awmhrnfrdkY
&SD;xifcsdwf pdwfvIyf&Sm;ae\/ xdkYNyif a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrS tausmfaZ,s odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk,fwkdif ppfaq;
Munfh&IrIudk cH,l&rnfrdkYvnf; &ifckefíaeonf/
*dkPf;csKyfavQmufcsifh trªª;NyKaom a&Smifvifokdif;orm;MuD;rsm;onf &SD;xifcsdwf\aNcz0g;rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk
ppfaq;Munfh&IMuonf/ ppfaq;Munfh&IrIonf tvGefyif tao;pdwfvS\/ wdusvS\/ rSJY&SpfvkH;udk rsufNrifMunfh&I
onfhtNyif wu,frSJYtppf[kwfr[kwf? aq;rifponfwdkYNzifh zefwD;xm;Ncif; &Sdr&Sdppfaq;onf/
rSJYtm;vkH;tppftrSef NzpfaMumif; od&NyD;onfhaemufwGif rSJYwpfckpD\ wnfae&mudk wduspGm Munfh&I
ppfaq;MuNyefonf/
rnfolrQ pum;rqdkEdkifMuonfhtwGuf {nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif wdwfqdwfaeonf/ EIwf[um aNymMum;Ncif;
r&Sdaomfvnf; rsuf&dyfrsufa,mif trlt&mrsm;u pum;vkH;rsm;pGmudk azmfusL;aeonf/
tawGUtMuKH&ifhusufvSaom 0lpifwdkYwawGyifvQif tao;pdwfvSaom ppfaq;rIrsm;udkMunfh&if; &ifckefum
pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmMuonf/
ppfaq;rItaNz b,fvkday:xGufvmrnfenf;[k &ifwxdwfxdwfNzifh apmifhvifhaeMuonf/
tcsdefawG b,fvdkukefvGefoGm;onfudkyif olwdkY rodEdkifawmh/
pdwfwdkif;us ppfaq;rIrsm; NyKvkyfNyD;oGm;onf/ a&Smifvifodkif;orm;MuD;rsm;u auseyfaomtrlt&mNzifh
acgif;ndwfNyMuonf/ þtcgwGifrS 0lpifwkdYwawG &ifxJrStvkH;MuD;rsm; usoGm;Muonf/
rGef;usyfaeaom taNctaevnf; aNyavsmhoGm;NyD/
]]armif&ifav;u usKyfwdkY apmifhpm;aewJh rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifNzpfwmuawmh rSefaeNyD? rSJY&SpfvkH;&SiftaMumif;udk
odkif;avmurSm trsKd;rsKd;aNymqdkaeMuwmygyJ? wu,fawmh usKyfwdkYqDrSm rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif ay:aygufvm&if ay;tyfzdkY
ypön;f wcsKUd &Sw d ,f? NyD;awmh rSYJ &pS v
f ;Hk &Si&f UJ okid ;f ynmpGr;f &nf Nrifrh m;rItwGuf axmufual y;&r,fh tvkyw f m0ef&w dS ,f?
'g[m usKyfwdkY *dkPf;csKyftpOftquf vufqifhurf; aNymqkdrSmMum;cJhcsufawGyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk pdwfwdkif;usppfaq;MunfhNyD;aemuf a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;
avQmufcsifhu aNymonf/
xdkYaemuf avQmufcsifhonf oufawmf&Snfq&mMuD;av;a,mufbufokdY OD;nTwfvdkufum ...
]]rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif&JU odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfeJY twGif;tm; wdk;NrifhvmzkdYtwGuf csD;Nr§ifhaqmif&Gufay;Muyg}}
]]aumif;ygNyD *dkPf;csKyfMuD;}}
427
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ oufawmf&Snfq&mMuD; av;OD;wkdYonf *dkPf;csKyf\trdefYudk emcHNyD;aemuf
&SD;xifcsdwf\ vuf0JbufwGifESpfa,muf vuf,mbufwGifESpfa,mufcGJum ae&m,lvdkufMuonf/
xdkYaemuf b,fnmvufn§dK;rsm;Nzifh &SD;xifcsdwf\ aNcz0g;ay:rS rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;ay:xdk;axmufum
twGif;tm;okH;vsuf zdEdSyfvdkufMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfwukd,fvkH;&Sd aoG;aMumuGufrsm; txl;yifEdk;Mum; vIyf&Sm;vmMuonf/ udk,fcE¨mtwGif;ü
tylvIdif;pD;aMumif;ESpfckESifh tat;vIdif;pD;aMumif;ESpfck Nzpfay:vmonf/
tylvIdif;pD;aMumif;Nzpfay:&m ae&mteD;tem;rS udk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm; ylNyif;vmovdk tat;vIdif;
pD;aMumif;Nzpfay:&m ae&mteD;tem;rS udk,fcE¨mtpdwftydkif;rsm; at;pdrfhvmonf/
tat;vIdif;pD;aMumif;ESifh tylvIdif;pD;aMumif;wdkYonf wNznf;Nznf; tm;aysmhvmonf/ tyluavsmhum
aEG;vmovdk tat;uvnf; avsmhNyD; aEG;vmonf/
aemufqkH;wGif tylESifhtat;wdkY rQwoGm;um wukd,fvkH;aEG;axG;vsuf tvGefyifaexkdifaumif;vmonf/
pdwftm&kHuvnf; txl;yif vef;qef;oefYpifvmonf/
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ oufawmf&Snfq&mMuD;av;OD;wdkYonf xdktcgwGifrS &SD;xifcsdwf\aNcz0g;&Sd
rSJYeuf&SpfvkH;udk vufñdI;rsm;Nzifh zdaxmufESdyfe,fay;rIudk &yfwefYum aemufokdY qkwfay;vkdufMuonf/ olwdkY
wudk,fvkH;wGif acR;rsm;pdk&TJaeonf/
]]armif&ifav;[m okdif;avmurSm tNrifhrm;teuf&Idif;qkH;NzpfwJh a&SmifvifpMumtwGif;tm;udk &&SdoGm;ygNyD?
'DtwGif;tm;udk tokH;csNyD; odkif;avmuMuD; at;csrf;a&;twGuf aqmif&Gufyg? trsm;aumif;usKd; wdkif;Nynf
aumif;usKd;udk o,fydk;vkyfaqmifyg}}
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD; avQmufcsifhu aNymonf/
]][kwfuJhcifAsm? *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qdkqkH;rovdk uRefawmf MudK;pm;vkyfaqmifyghr,f}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu &dkaopGm NyefaNymonf/
]]a0ckH; ... rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sifudk ay;&rnfhypönf;awG ay;tyfvdkufygawmh}}
a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u pnf;urf;xdef;*dkPf;tkyf a0ckH;udk trdefYay;onf/
]]aumif;ygNyD *dkPf;csKyfMuD;}}
a0ckH;u trdefYemcHNyD;aemuf 0wfxm;aom 0wf&kHtuÐsMuD;\twGif;tdwfxJrS ,Gef;bl;eufav;wpfckudk
xkwf,lvdkufonf/
]]'DtxJrSm u0draemodkif;usrf;eJY e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkY yg&Sdygw,f? vufcH,lyg}}
a0ckH;u xdkokdYaNymNyD;aemuf ,Gef;aowåmeufav;udk &SD;xifcsdwfvufokdY tyfvdkufonf/
u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYonf u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwdkY\
OD;pD;acgif;aqmif omvQif &&SdEdkifonfhypönf;rsm;Nzpfonf/
xdkypönf;rsm;udk a&Smifvifausmif;awmfwGif vQKdU0SufpGm odrf;qnf;xm;vdrfhrnf[k 0lpifudk,fwdkifyif
rxifcJhay/
,ck xd k y pö n f ; ES p f c k &S D ; xif c sd w f v uf o k d Y a&muf v monf h t wG u f 0l p if r S m twk d i f ; rod a tmif y if
aysmf&Tif0rf;aNrmufrdonf/

&Spfvydkif; q,fhig;&uf vNynfhaeY/


u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifwdkY\ pkHnDawGUqkHyGJ usif;yrnfh aeY&ufNzpfonf/
zdwfMum;xm;onfhtcdsefwGif wdrfvTm&JwdkufokdY odkif;{nfhonfrsm; wzGJzGJa&muf&SdvmMuonf/ MuGa&muf
vmMuaom odkif;{nfhonfrsm;udk 0lpifESifhvda&Smufa0wdkYu &Jwdkuft0if0rS MudKqdkMuonf/
e*g;eD*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfarmfa,mufusKd udk,fwdkifOD;aqmifum tqifhNrifhokdif;orm; q,fa,muf
a&muf&Sdvmonf/

428
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
e*g;NzLa*[mtwGuf [kd,kqefu udk,fpm;NyKwufa&mufvmonf/ *dkPf;csKyf*dkPf;acgif;aqmifrsm;
ukef;pGefcsD\vufwGif;okdY usa&mufaeaom usefe*g;euf? e*g;0gESifh rdk;e*g;*dkPf;rsm;udkvnf; 0gtMuD;qkH;
odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;u udk,fpm;NyKwufa&mufvmMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDacgif;aqmifaom aNre*g;*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;rsm;onf aemufqkH;wGifrS a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDwdkYonf Nrif;&xm;okH;pD;Nzifh a&mufvmMuonf/ ukef;pGefcsDwdkY vlpkxJwGif pdwfESifhudk,f
uif;uGmaeovdkvdk tlaMumifaMumiftrlt&mESifh vlav;a,mufvnf; yg&Sdvmonf/ xdkvlav;a,mufudk
aNre*g;*dkPf;om; ESpfa,mufpDu b,fnmNcH&Hum ac:aqmifvmMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ aNre*g;*dkPf;tkyfpkonf vltiftm;okH;q,fausmf yg&Sdvm&m pkHnDawGUqkHyGJodkY wufa&muf
vmonfh u0draemodkif;tEG,f0if tpktoD;oD;wGif tiftm;trsm;qkH; Nzpfaeayawmhonf/
ukef;pGefcsDwdkY\ aNre*g;*dkPf;tkyfpk a&mufvmNyD;aemuf u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifrsm;\ pkHnDawGUqkHyGJudk
pwifusif;yonf/
pkHnDawGUqkHyGJudk wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;\ {nfhcef;aqmifxJwGif usif;yNyKvkyfonf/
*dkPf;csKyfrsm;? *dkPf;acgif;aqmifrsm; xdkif&eftwGuf tv,fA[kdwGif teDa&mifuwåDygcif;xm;onfh
pm;yGJ0kdif;MuD;wpfck Nyifqifxm;onf/
tNcm;tqifh *dkPf;0ifodkif;orm;rsm;twGufrl olU*dkPf;tzGJYESifhol oD;oefYxdkifckHrsm; cif;usif;ay;xm;onf/
pkHnDawGUqkHyGJokdY *dkPf;csKyfacgif;aqmif okH;a,mufom wufa&mufvmEdkifonfhtwGuf tv,fA[kd
pm;yGJ0dkif;wGif e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;csKyf0lpif? e*g;eD*dkPf;csKyfarmfa,mufusKdESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;csKyf ukef;pGefcsDwdkYom
xdkifaeMuonf/
e*g;NzLa*[m acgif;aqmif ydkifusifvkH? e*g;0g*dkPf;csKyf vltif;0g;? e*g;euf*dkPf;csKyf xefawmuf&kef?
rdk;e*g;*dkPf;csKyf qmhcsif[kefwdkY\ ae&mrsm;rSm xkdifrnfhvlr&SdbJ vGwfaeonf/
[kd,kqefuJhokdY *dkPf;udkudk,fpm;NyKum wufa&mufvmMuolrsm;rSmvnf; *dkPf;csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;
xdkif&rnfhae&mwGif xdkifcGifhr&SdMuay/
armfa,mufusKdu ukef;pGefcsDudk odyfpum;raNymbJ cyfwnfwnfomxkdifaeonf/ 0lpifurl ukef;pGefcsDESifh
NyKH;um&,fum &if;ESD;yGifhvif;pGmyif pum;aNymaeonf/
uke;f pGecf sD\pdwx f w
J iG f 'DtbGm;MuD; b,fvt kd MuH&adS evdYk 'Dpn
Hk aD wGUqkyH u
JG kd NyKvkyaf voenf;[k awG;rdonf/
okYd aomfoUl wGif ydik Ef ikd af om tMuHEiS hf tpDtpOfrsm; &Sad eaomaMumifh odyaf wmhpw d rf ylvaS y/ tcrf;tem;pwifaomtcg
0lpifonf xdkifae&mrSxNyD; at;aq;wnfNidrfpGm pum;pwifaNymonf/
]]'DaeY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY&JU pkHnDawGUqkHyGJudk bmaMumifhusif;y&w,fqdkwmudk wdkwdkeJYvkd&if;yJ
aNymyghr,f? uRefrwdkY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawG[m okdif;ynmxufNrufMuayr,fh? tcsif;csif; pnf;vkH;
nDnGwfNcif;r&Sd? pdwfoabmxm;uGJNym;NyD; &efapmifwdkufcdkufaecJhwmaMumifh pdwfraumif;p&mNzpfaeygw,f? 'Dvdk
tcsif;csif;wdkufcdkufrIawG yaysmuf&yfpJ&atmif MudK;yrf;cJhayr,fh ratmifNrifcJhygbl;}}
0lpifu pum;udkacwå&yfum cef;raqmifxJ&Sd odkif;orm;taygif;udk rsufvkH;0ifhum Munfhvdkufonf/
0lpifaNymonfrSm tNzpfrSefrsm;omrdkY rnfolrQMum;0ifum apm'uwuf aNymqdkNcif; rNyKMuay/
0lpifu toHudk tenf;i,fNrifhum qufvufíaNymNyef\/
]]tJ ' D t aMumif ; awG [ m aNym&if q k H ; Ed k i f r S m r[k w f y gbl ; ? 'D a wmh uRef r &S i f ; &S i f ; yJ a Nymygh r ,f ?
u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifxJrSm odkif;ynm tpGrf;xufqkH; t&nftcsif;tNynfhqkH; vlwpfa,mufu OD;pD;acgif;aqmif
NyKNyD; xdef;odrf;a&SUaqmifay;zdkY vdkaeygNyD? t&nftcsif;eJY NynfhpkHwJh OD;pD;acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf&JU a&SUaqmifrIudk
vufcHvdkufemEdkifMuyghrvm;}}
xdkokdY aNymNyD;aemuf 0lpifonf ukef;pGefcsDudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
0l p if a Nymaom pum;rsm;rS m ol u d k , f w d k i f a Nymqd k & ef &nf & G , f x m;onf h p um;rsm; Nzpf a e&m
ukef;pGefcsDtvG,fwulyif acgif;ndwfoabmwlvdkufonf/
]]tif; ... vufcHEdkifygw,f}}

429
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
0lpifu e*g;eD*dkPf;csKyf armfa,mufusKdudk vSrf;MunfhNyefonf/
]]usKyfvJ vufcHEdkifygw,f}}
armfa,mufusKduvnf; oabmwlvufcHonf/
]]ukef;pGefcsDeJY armfa,mufusKdwdkY&JU oabmwlnDcsufawGudkawmh &ygNyD? usefao;wJh ydkifusifvkH? vltif;0g;?
xefawmuf&kefeJY qmhcsif[kefwdkY&JU qE´udkvJ ar;zkdYvdkygao;w,f? 'gaMumifh olwdkYav;a,mufudk vTwfay;zdkY
awmif;qdkygw,f}}
0lpifu xdkokdY aNymvdkufaomtcg ukef;pGefcsDrSm qwfceJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/ okdYaomf olYxHwGif ydkifEdkifaom
tpDtpOfrsm; &SdaeonfhtwGuf 0lpif\awmif;qdkcsufudk acgif;ndwfoabmwlvdkufonf/
]]Nzpfygw,f}}
ukef;pGefcsDu rdrdvlrsm;bufokdYvSnfhum ...
]][kdvlav;a,mufudk xkwfNyvdkufawmh}}
þwGif pdwfESifhvluif;uGmovdk tlaMumifaMumif trlt&m&Sdaeaom vlav;a,muf\ab;wGif
xdkifaeMuonfh aNre*g;*dkPf;om;rsm;u xdkvlav;a,muf\ rsufESmrsm;udk rsufESmokwfy0grsm;Nzifh yGwfwdkuf
vdkufMuonf/
&kyzf sufxm;onfrsm; ysufNy,fomG ;NyD; ydik u f sifv?Hk xefawmuf&ek ?f vltif;0g;ESihf qmhcsif[ek wf Ykd \ rsufEmS rsm;
ay:vmonf/
olwdkY\rsufvkH;rsm;onf rsuf0rsufa,mif awmufyNcif;r&Sd/ rsufESmuvnf; rsufESmaoMuD;awGvdk
Nzpfaeonf/
]]u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f ifawGukd a&SUaqmifr,fh OD;pD;acgif;aqmifwpfa,muf wifaNr§mufoifw h ,fvYkd olwYkd u
aNymaeMuw,f? tJ'g cifAsm;wkdYvufcHEdkifrvm;}}
ukef;pGefcsDu ydkifusifvkHwkdYudk MunfhNyD;ar;\/
]]vufcHEdkifygw,f}}
ydkifusifvkHwdkYav;a,mufu NydKifwlaNzMuonf/
toHrsm;u cyfav;av;wGJUwGJUMuD;Nzpfonf/
]]OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf b,folYudk wifaNr§mufoifhovJ}}
]]ukef;pGefcsDudk wifaNr§mufoifhygw,f}}
ydkifusifvkHwkdYav;a,mufu av;wGJUaomtoHrsm;Nzifh NydKifwlaNzvdkufMuNyefonf/
]]uJ ... cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,muf&JU qE´oabmxm;uaum b,fvdk&SdovJ}}
ukef;pGefcsDu 0lpifESifharmfa,mufusKdwdkYbuf vSnfhMunfhNyD; ar;onf/
]]'Dtwdkif;qdk &SifhudkyJ u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawG&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf wifaNr§muf&awmhrSmaygh}}
0lpifu cyfat;at;aNymonf/
0lpif\pum;aMumifh ukef;pGefcsDrSm auseyfyDwdNzpfoGm;oavmuf armfa,mufusKdrSm &SL;&SL;&Sm;&Sm;
NzpfoGm;onf/
wpkHw&maNymawmhrnf tNyKwGif 0lpifu vufumNyum ...
]]cPavmufapmifhMunfhygOD; tm;vkH;aNyvnfoGm;rSmyg}}
armfa,mufusKdonf pdwfudkcsKyfwnf;um tomNyefxdkifaevdkufonf/
]]ighaNr;a& ... *dkPf;csKyfMuD;awGudk olwdkY&JU xdkifckHae&mawGrSm ae&mcsxm;ay;vdkufyguG,f}}
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;aNymonf/
olrwGif rnfoYdk aom tMuH&adS erSe;f uke;f pGecf sDroday/ okYd aomf ,cktcsdex
f d olraNymqdk vkyaf qmiforQonf
rdrd\vdkvm;csufrsm;ESifh wxyfwnf; udkufnDaeaomaMumifh ukef;pGefcsDonf 0lpif\pum;udk uefYuGufNcif;rNyKbJ
tomyif Munfhaevdkufonf/
ydkifusifvkHwdkYudk pdwftm&kHxdef;csKyfEdkifonfh aq;rsm;wkdufauR;xm;NyD;Nzpf&m ae&maNymif;xdkif&kHESifh rdrd\
tpDtpOf rysufEdkif[k ukef;pGefcsDawG;xm;onf/
430
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ydkifusifvkH? qmhcsif[kef? vltif;0g;ESifh xefawmuf&kefwdkY av;a,mufudk wpfa,mufcsif;pD
az;rwGJac:um tv,fA[kd pm;yGJ0dkif;&Sd oD;oefYae&mrsm;okdY ydkYay;onf/
xdkokdY ydkYay;NyD;aemuf rdrdae&mwGif Nyefxdkifonf/
*dkPf;csKyfpkHnD ae&m,lNyD;NyDrdkY 0lpifu xdkif&mrS x&yfvdkufNyD; ...
]]e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym; vuf0,f&&Sdoludk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY&JU OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf
owfrSwfr,fqdkwJh tpOftvm trSmpum;udk owd&Muygao;vm;}}
]]owd&ygao;w,f}}
0lpif\tar;pum;tqkH;wGif ydkifusifvkHu avoHrSefrSefNzifh aNymvkdufonf/
]]tif; ... usKyfvJ rarhao;ygbl;}}
qmhcsif[kefu aNymonf/
]]usKyfvJ trSwf&aeygao;w,f}}
xefawmuf&kefuvnf; 0ifaNymNyefonf/
ukef;pGefcsD tvGefyif tHhMooGm;onf/
ydkifusifvkHwdkYudk tvefYwMum;yif Munfhvdkufonf/
ydkifusifvkHwdkYav;a,muf\ rsuf&dyfrsufa,mifrsm; awmufyaeonf/ rsufESmtrlt&mrSmvnf;
touf0ifíaeonf/
]][m ... b,fvdkNzpfukefwmvJ? bmaMumifh aq;wefcdk;awG ysufNy,fukef&wmvJ}}
ukef;pGefcsD pdwfxJ tvefYwMum;yif awG;vkdufrdonf/
]]&Sifuaum b,fvdkvJ}}
0lpifu armfa,mufusKdudk ar;vdkufonf/
armfa,mufusKdrSmvnf; ydkifusifvkHwdkY\ csufcsif;aNymif;vJoGm;aom trlt&maMumifh tHhtm;oifhaeonf/
0lpifu ar;vmawmhrS acgif;udkndwfum ...
]]owd&ygao;w,f}}
0lpifu ukef;pGefcsDudk pdkufMunfhum ...
]]&Sifwpfa,mufyJ usefawmhw,f}}
ukef;pGefcsDrSm bmrQrwwfombJ rausreyfESifhyif ...
]]usKyfvJ rarhygbl;}}
ydkifusifvkH? qmhcsif[kef? vltif;0g;ESifh xefawmuf&kefwdkYonf pdwftm&kHxdef;csKyfaq;rsm;aMumifh
todÓPfaysmufovdkNzpfum ukef;pGefcsD oifMum;xm;onfhtwdkif; aNymqdkaecJhMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu olwdkYav;a,muftm; oD;oefYxdkifckHrsm;odkY az;rwGJac:ydkYay;pOfu pdwftm&kHMunfvif
vef;qef;vmapEdkifonfh taMumrsm;udk rnfolrQrodatmif xdk;ESdyfay;cJhonf/
þokdY xdk;EdSyfukoay;Edkif&efrSmvnf; omreftqifhNrifh twGif;tm;ESifh rvkyfEdkifay/ &SD;xifcsdwfrSm
a&SmifvifpMum twGif;tm;udk &&Sdxm;onfhtwGufaMumifhom pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhayonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf\ ukoay;rIaMumifh ydkifusifvkHwdkYokH;a,mufwGif rdaeaom aq;wefcdk;rsm;Ny,fum yifudktwdkif;
pdwftm&kHNyefvnf vef;qef;vmMuNyD; Nzpfonf/
]]tckvdk e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;eJY ywfoufvkdY tpOftvmrSmMum;csufudk owd&Muao;wJh
twGuf trsm;MuD;0rf;omygw,f&Sif}}
0lpifu taNctaeudk tuJcwfNyD;rS aNymonf/
]]'geJY aeygOD;? e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;udk cifAsm;u awGUxm;vdkYvm;? cifAsm;vufudk
a&mufaevdkYvm;}}
uke;f pGecf sDu 0lpifukd tavmwMuD;ar;onf/ rdrad rQmfvifx h m;onfwYkd aMuysufomG ;rnfuv kd nf; tpk;d &drMf uD;
pkd;&drfaeonf/
]]awGUxm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh vufxJrSmawmh r&Sdbl;}}
431
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
ukef;pGefcsD tawmfyifpdwfat;oGm;&onf/ e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;taMumif;udk aNymqdkaeMu
onfuawmhrsm;NyD/ okdYaomf rnfolrQ vufqkyfvufudkif r&cJhao;/
rdrdtaeESifhvnf; e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;ESifhywfoufí pdk;&drfp&mrvdk[k ukef;pGefcsD
awG;vkdufonf/
]]e*g;u0d trdefYawmfausmufpdrf;Nym; vufudkif&SdwJhvlqdk&ifawmh usKyfwdkY u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftm;vkH;u
av;pm;&rSmaygh}}
e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym; ay:aygufvmEdkifNcif; r&Sd[k tydkiftEdkifwGufxm;aom ukef;pGefcsDu
[ef[dwfxkwfum aNymvdkufonf/
]][kwfuJh ... 'Dpum;Mum;&wm 0rf;omygw,f? uJ ighaNr;rSm &SdaewJh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;udk
trsm;od&atmif xkwfNyvdkufyguG,f}}
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;aNymonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu rdrdvuf0,f&Sdaeaom e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;udkxkwfum 0lpifvufokdY
ay;tyfvdkufonf/
e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;onf tcsif;vufr0ufcefY&Sdum pdrf;pdk&Tef;vJhaom ta&mif&Sdonf/
wzufrsufESmwGif e*g;ckepfaumifykH xGif;xm;NyD; usefwzufwGif ]]u0draemodkif;usrf;&Sif}} [laom pmvkH;a&;xGif;
xm;onf/
0lpifu ydkifusifvkHudk vufurf;ay;um wpfa,mufwpfvuf qufvufMunfh&IMuonf/
MunfhNyD;olwdkif;u oabmus[efNzifh acgif;wndwfndwfvkyfMuonf/
wpfa,mufvufwpfa,muf aNymif;vmaom e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;onf ukef;pGefcsD\
vufxJokdY a&mufvmonf/
ukef;pGefcsDonf e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;udk MunfhyifMunfhraeawmhbJ tuÐstdwfxJokdY qwfceJ
xdk;xnfhvdkufonf/
]]a[hvl ... 'g bmvkyfwmvJ}}
armfa,mufusKdu atmf[pfar;vdkufonf/
]]bmvkyf&rSmvJ? e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym; usKyfvufxJa&mufaeNyD? cifAsm;wdkY usKyfudktmcH
vGefqef&JMuovm;}}
ukef;pGefcsDu avoHrmrmESifhaNymonf/
armfa,mufusKdwdkYwawG vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; NzpfukefMuonf/
ukef;pGefcsDu taumufÓPfNzifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;udk vuf0,ftydkif,lvdkufaMumif;
olwdkYodMuavNyD/
okdYaomf e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;vuf0,f&Sdol\ trdefYudk u0draemokdif;usrf;tEG,f0ifrsm;
emcHvdkufem&rnf[laom tpOftvmrSmMum;csufvnf; &SdaeaomaMumifh olwdkYbmvkyf&rnf rodawmhatmif
Nzpfaeonf/
0lpifu cyfat;at;trlt&mESifh x&yfvkdufum ...
]]&SifhvufxJrSm e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf ausmufpdrf;Nym;&Sdaeayr,fh &SifhtrdefYudk remcHEdkifbl;}}
]]bmaMumifhremcH&rSmvJ? cifAsm;u tpOftvmrSmMum;csufudk csKd;azmufwmvm;}}
ukef;pGefcsDu atmf[pfaNymqdkonf/
]]e*g;u0d t rd e f Y awmf ausmuf p d r f ; Nym;rS m u0d r aemok d i f ; usrf ; &S i f v d k Y a&;xm;w,f ? &S i f h r S m
u0draemokdif;usrf;&SdvdkYvm;? u0draemodkif;usrf;&SdrS u0draemokdif;usrf;&SifNzpfNyD; u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifawGudk
acgif;aqmiftrdefYay;EdkifrSmaygh}}
]]u0draemodkif;usrf;u b,folUqDrSm &SdaewmvJ}}
]]a[m'D vli,fav;qDrSm &Sdaeygw,f}}
0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk vufñdI;nTefNyvdkufonf/
432
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&SD;xifcsdwfuvnf; olUvufwGif&&Sdaeaom u0draemodkif;usrf;udk trsm;Nrifomatmif xkwfNyvkdufonf/
]]ol[m rSJY&SpfvkH;&SifNzpfwJhtwGuf a&Smifvifausmif;awmfrSm vQKdU0Sufxdef;odrf;xm;wJh u0draemodkif;usrf;eJY
e*g;u0dtrdeYf awmf ausmufprd ;f Nym;wdYk ukd vufc&H &Scd w hJ myg? NyD;awmh a&Smifvifausmif;awmfu oufawmf&n S q
f &mMuD;
av;OD;udk,fwkdifu olUudka&SmifvifpMumtwGif;tm; &&Sdatmif az;rcsD;Nr§ifhay;NyD;oGm;ygNyD}}
0lpifu taMumif;pkHudk &Sif;Nyonf/
ukef;pGefcsD\ rsufESmNzLzwfNzLa&mf NzpfoGm;onf/
olarQmfvifhxm;orQ tm;vkH; ysufNym;oGm;&avNyD/
tMuHMuD;MuHxm;orQ tm;vkH; ysufNym;oGm;&avNyD/
pdwful;,Ofxm;cJhorQ tm;vkH; a&pkefarsmukefMuavNyD/
ukef;pGefcsDonf rdrdpdwfudkrdrd rxdef;Edkifawmh? rsufvHk;taMumifom;ESifh pdwfua,mifacsmufcsm;
NzpfoGm;&avawmhonf/
]]a[h ... ig[m u0draemodkif;usrf;&SifyJ? tm;vkH; ightrdefYudk emcH&r,f? emcHMuprf; ... emcHMuprf;}}
ukef;pGefcsDonf ua,mifuwrf;yif atmf[pfaNymqdkaeonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwfonf olUteD;okdYvSpfceJ aNy;vTm;a&muf&SdoGm;um tdwfxJrS e*g;u0d
trdefYawmfausmufpdrf;Nym;udk tomEIduf,lxm;vdkufonf/
ukef;pGefcsDuawmh onftNzpfudkrod/
w[m;[m;&,farmum aNymcsif&maNymNyD; wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd Mf uD; tNyifbufoYkd aNy;vTm;xGucf mG oGm;awmhonf/
ydkifusifvkHwdkY\ pdwftm&kH&IyfaxG;aerIudk wcPtwGif; Nyefvnfaumif;rGefvmatmif taMumESdyfuko
ay;EdkifcJhonfhtwGuf &SD;xifcsdwfonf a&SmifvifpMumtwGif;tm; &&SdaeonfrSm oHo,NzpfzG,f&m r&Sdawmhay/
xdkYNyif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm wdrfNrKyfaysmufuG,faeaom u0draemodkif;usrf;ESifh e*g;u0dtrdefYawmf
ausmufpdrf;Nym;wdkYudk vuf0,f&&Sdxm;NyefaomaMumifh u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifwkdY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf
&SD;xifcsdwfudk wnDwnGwfwnf; wifaNr§mufvkdufMuavawmhonf/
ukef;pGefcsD &l;oGyfum taNy;xGufoGm;NyDrdkY pGefudkYaNzmif;OD;aqmifaom aNre*g;*dkPf;om;wpkom
wdrfvTm&JwdkufwGif usefaecJhonf/
]]rif;wdkYrSm b,fvdktNypf&Sdw,fqdkwm odw,fr[kwfvm;}}
0lpifu pGefukdYaNzmif;udk MunfhNyD;ar;onf/
]]uRefawmfwdkY odygw,f? uRefawmfwdkY[m *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU trdefYt& vkyfcJhMu&wmyg? NyD;awmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
udak wmif q&mrMuD;wdYk u u&kPmxm;NyD; cGiv hf w
T v
f u dk Mf uw,fqakd wmh uRefawmfwYkd vkd aemufvu kd if ,fom;awGuv kd J
txl;oufnm§ zkdY aumif;ygw,f? roufnm§ yJ tNypf'Pfcwfr,fqdk&ifvJ uRefawmfwdkY cH,lzdkYtoifhygyJ}}
pGefudkYaNzmif;u &J0HhwnfNidrfpGmyif NyefaNymonf/
]]rif;wdkY aemufaemifudk rdkufrJrIawG vkyfMuOD;rvm;}}
]]rvkyfawmhygbl;}}
]]rif;wdkY csKyfzrf;xm;ao;wJh vlawGudkvJ rSJYwaygufrpGef;apbJ NyefvTwfay;&r,f}}
]][kwu f hJ ... Nyefvw
T af y;yghr,f? NyD;awmh uRefawmfwYkd aNre*g;*dP k ;f 0ifawGtm;vk;H vJ u0draemokid ;f usrf;&Si&f UJ
vufatmufudkckd0ifyghr,f}}
]]at; ... 'Dvdkqdktaumif;qkH;yJ? aNr;av;uaum b,fvdkoabm&vJ}}
0lpifu pGefudkYaNzmif;ESifh aNymqdkae&mrS &SD;xifcsdwfudk vSrf;ar;onf/
]]bGm;bGm;&JU tpDtpOfawGu taumif;qkH;ygyJ}}
&SD;xifcsdwfu NyefaNymonf/
0lpifonf aNre*g;*dkPf;pcef;wGif zrf;qD;xm;qJ Nzpfolrsm;udk NyefvTwfay;Ekdif&eftwGuf pGefudkYaNzmif;udkyif
wm0efay;um apvTwfvdkufonf/
]]u0draemokid ;f tEG,0f ifawG pnf;vk;H nDnw T rf w d m[m odyu f 0kd rf;omp&mygyJ? at; ... wckuakd wmh owdxm;
zkdYvdkvdrfhr,f}}
433
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkYvlpk xGufoGm;NyD;aemuf 0lpifu &SD;xifcsdwfudk aNymonf/
]]bmudk owdxm;&rSmvJ bGm;bGm;&JU}}
]]rd p ä m raemod k i f ; usrf ; ay:xG u f v mrS m ud k owd x m;&vd r f h r ,f ? u0d r aemok d i f ; usrf ; eJ Y rd p ä m raem
okdif;usrf;wdrfNrKyfaewm ESpfaygif;MumvSNyD? tck rdpämraemodkif;usrf; ay:xGufvmEdkifw,f? rdpämraemokdif;usrf;
ay:xGufvm&if u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifawG twGufaum wNcm;odkif;orm;awG twGufaum tEÅ&m,fyJ}}
]]uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkH; pkpkpnf;pnf; nDnDnGwfnGwfeJY rdpämraemokdif;&JU tEÅ&m,fudk umuG,f&rSmaygh
bGm;bGm;&,f}}
]]at; ... 'DvdkNzpfvmygapvdkYyJ qkawmif;&rSmyJ}}

434
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (41)
wdrv f mT &Jwu
kd Mf uD;wGif NyKvkyo
f nfh u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f ifrsm;\ pkn
H aD wGUqkyH w
JG iG f &S;D xifcsdwu
f kd u0draem
odkif;usrf;&SiftNzpf todtrSwfNyKNyD; u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifwdkY\ OD;pD;acgif;aqmiftNzpf wifaNr§mufvkdufMuonf/
xdkokdY wifaNr§mufNcif; txdrf;trSwf pm;aomufyGJMuD;wpfckudkvnf; crf;em;pGmusif;y\/
u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifwdkY\ pkHnDawGUqkHyGJtwGuf pm;aomufyGJcif;usif;&ef MudKwifNyifqifxm;NyD;
NzpfonfhtwGuf taxGtxl; NyKvkyf&ef rvdkawmhay/
txl;[if;vsmyGJ okH;yGJcefYtwGufom xyfrHpDpOf&onf/
pm;aomufyGJMuD;wGif u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftm;vkH;wdkYrSm aysmfrqkH;atmif &SdcJhMuonf/ ,ckvdk
&if;ESD;cifrifpGm rdwfqkHpm;aomuf&rIrsKd;udk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwdkY rawGUrMuKH&onfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm MumcJh&NyD
r[kwfygvm;/
,cifuqdkvQif q,fESpfwMudrf rdwfqkHyGJrsm; NyKvkyfcJhaomfvnf; xdkrdwfqkHyGJrsm;rSm wu,fpifppfawmh
tNiif;yGm;um &efrD;rsm;apcJhonfh yGJrsm;omNzpf&m cifrifaysmf&TifrIrsm; r&SdcJhMuay/
u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifwdkYrSm odkif;ADZ ZmpfNrpfwlnDMuaomfvnf; usifhpOfuGJNym;? *dkPf;tzGJUcsif; Ncm;em;um
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; &efbufMuD;rsm;ozG,f wdkufyGJrsm; qifETJcJhMuonf/
,ckawmh ...
twdwfrS &efyGJrsm;? tNiif;yGm;rIrsm; tm;vkH;csKyfNidrf;oGm;&avNyD/
u0draemodkif;usrf;&Sif\ OD;aqmifrIatmufwGif u0draemodkif;tEG,f0ifwkdY pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrdMuayNyD/
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfNcif;\ t&omudk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftaygif; udk,fawGUcHpm;Mu&ygNyD/

435
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
pm;aomufyGJ tcrf;tem; rpwifrD &SD;xifcsdwfonf ydkifusifvkH\a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufcsum rdrdonf
ydkifusifvkH\aNr;NzpfaMumif;ESifh ydkifusifvkHukd,fwdkifu "e*g;NzL" [k trnfcHum rdrdi,f&G,fpOfu odkif;ynm
oifMum;ay;cJhzl;onfh taMumif;rsm;udk aNymNyvdkufonf/
ydkifusifvkHonf &SD;xifcsdwf\ rsufESmusESifh rsufvkH;rsufzefwdkYrSm rdrd\orD; ydkifpkusifESifh tvGefyif
wlvSaomaMumifh pdwfxJwGif Za0Z0gNzpfaecJh&m ,ckvdk &SD;xifcsdwfu zGifh[aNymqdkaomtcgwGifrS rdrd\aNr;t&if;
NzpfaMumif; od&um MunfEl;0rf;omrdavonf/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif &SD;xifcsdwf\zcif&SD;[kef aoqkH;cJh&ykHtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;rdoNzifhvnf; tawmfyif
tae&txdkif& cufaeawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf ol\zcif&SD;[kef aoqkH;oGm;NyD NzpfaMumif;udk rodao;ay/ ydkifpkusifuvnf; &SD;[kef
aoqkH;oGm;onf[k raNymbJ taNctaersm; &IyfaxG;aecsdefwGif aysmufqkH;oGm;onf[kom aNymNyxm;cJhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf odkif;avmuwGif vSnfhvnfoGm;vm&if; zcifNzpfol &SD;[keftaMumif;udk pkHprf;cJhonf/
rnfonfhowif; tpterQ r&aomaMumifh olYpdwfxJwGif rdrdzcif&SD;[kefrSm aoqkH;uG,fvGefoGm;NyD[líom rSwf,l
xm;cJhonf/ okdY&mwGif rnfonfhtNzpfrsKd;MuKHum aoqkH;oGm;&onfqdkNcif;udkum; roday/
tu,fí &SD;[kef aoqkH;cJh&ykHtaMumif;udk olodrnfqdkygu tbkd;Nzpfol ykdifusifvkHESifh awGUqkH&rIonf
wrsKd;wzkH aNymif;vJaumif; aNymif;vJEdkifayonf/
&S;D xifcsw
d u
f tbd;k Nzpfol ydik u f siv
f u
Hk kd &Scd ;kd uefawmhNyD; rwfwwfx&yfvu dk af omtcg pm;aomufcef;rMuD;\
pm;yGJ0dkif;toD;oD;wGif rdrdwdkYtqifhESifh rdrdwkdY ae&m,lxm;MuNyD;Nzpfaom u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifrsm;
aomif;aomif;NzNz Mobmay;Muonf/
þokdY Mobmay;csD;aNr§mufNcif; cH&onfh tm;uszG,f&mtNzpfudkMunfh&if; wdrfvTm&Jwdkuf&Sif vda&Smufa0rSm
uG,fvGefolorD;av; vdcsrfvludk owd&um 0rf;om0rf;enf; Nzpfaeonf/
vda&Smufa0\ pdwfxJwGif rdrd\orD;vdcsrfvlESifh &SD;xifcsdwfwdkYudk cspfolrsm; NzpfMurnf[k xifaecJhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfudkvnf; rawmfvdkuf&aom oruftNzpf rSwf,lxm;onf/
]]usKyfuawmh toufvJMuD;aeNyD? usKyfoHa,mZOf twG,fwmqkH;NzpfwJh orD;av;csrfvlvJ r&Sdawmhbl;?
'gaMumifh a[m'Dwrd v f mT &Jwu
kd Mf uD;udk qufNyD;acgif;aqmif raecsiaf wmhb;l ? NzpfEikd rf ,fq&kd if usKyf&UJ wdrv f mT &Jwukd u
f
okdif;orm;awGudk u0draemodkif;tEG,f0iftNzpf vufcHodrf;oGif;NyD; odkif;ynmqufvuf oifay;apcsifw,f?
wdrfvTm&JwdkufMuD;udkvJ MudKufovdk tokH;cszdkY tyfESHygw,f}}
vda&Smufa0u &SD;xifcsdwfudk pdwfroufompGmESifh aNymvdkufonf/
þpum;rsm;udk Mum;&onfhtcgwGif &SD;xifcsdwf\&ifxJ eifhceJNzpfoGm;&onf/ rdrd\vufxJwGifyif
toufaysmuf oGm;cJh&Smaom vdcsrfvl\ rsufESmav;udkvnf; Nrifa,mifvmonf/
toufaoqkH;cgeD;wGif &ifxJ&Sdonfhtwdkif; xkwfazmfaNymMum;oGm;onfh pum;rsm;udkvnf; NyefMum;
a,mifrd\/
rdrdtvGef cspfNrwfEdk;vSaom &ifaoG;qkH;&IH;&onfhtwGuf zcifwpfa,muf\&ifxJwGif rnfokdYcHpm;&rnf
qdkNcif;udk vda&Smufa0tm;MunfhNyD; &SD;xifcsdwf em;vnfvmonf/
olYacgif;xJwGif pdwful;wpfck &vmoNzifh vda&Smufa0\ a&SUarSmufwGif 'l;axmufxdkifcsvdkufonf/
vda&Smufa0 raewwfrxdkifwwf NzpfoGm;ovdk Nrif&oltaygif;rSmvnf; tawG;&cufukef Muonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf vda&Smufa0udk t&kdtaoay;vdkufum ...
]]uRefawmfhrdcif[m idkarqef;awmifrSm w&m;tm;xkwfaeygNyD? uRefawmfh zcifqdkwmvJ b,fa&mufaew,f
qdkwmudkawmif uRefawmfrod&ygbl;? uRefawmf[m rdbrJhom;wpfa,muf b0rsKd; Nzpfae&ygw,f? 'gaMumifh
uRefawmhfudk arG;pm;om;tNzpf vufcHzkdY awmif;yefygw,f}}
cef;raqmifMuD;wpfckvkH; acwårQ wdwfqdwfoGm;onf/ wnfNidrf&ifhusufaeaom vda&Smufa0rSm
&SD;xifcsdwfxHrS Mum;&aom rarQmfvifhonfhpum;aMumifh txl;yif pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;\/
]]wu,f ... wu,f aNymaewmvm;}}
cPtMumwGifrS txpfxpftaighaighNzifh ar;onf/
436
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
&S;D xifcswd f aNymvdu k of nfph um;rsm;udk aoaocsmcsm em;ESiq hf wfqwf Mum;vku d &f aomfvnf; vda&Smufa0rSm
tHhMovGef;aomaMumifh ,ckvdk ar;rdNcif;Nzpfayonf/
xdkYNyif ,cifuyif &SD;xifcsdwftay: om;ozG,fwlozG,f oHa,mZOfwG,frdNyD; NzpfaomaMumifhvnf;
0rf;omMunfEl;Ncif; Nzpfrdayonf/
]]wu,faNymwmyg? uRefawmfhudk arG;pm;om;tNzpf owfrSwfvufcHr,f r[kwfvm;}}
]][m ... vufcHwmaygh om;&,f}}
vda&Smufa0onf xdkpum;udk &ifxJrSwu,fyif vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ aNymvdkufonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfrSm twkdif;rodyif MunfEl;0rf;omonfhpdwf Nzpfay:cHpm;&onf/ olYudk ]om;} [k ac:rnfhol
r&Sdaomb0Nzifh MuD;Nyif;cJh&onfrdkY xdkac:oHonf tvGefyif pdwfcsrf;aNrUp&m Nzpfaeayawmhonf/
u0draemokdif;tEG,f0ifwdkY\ aumif;csD;ay;oHrsm;u pm;aomufcef;rMuD;wckvkH; [def;oGm;Nyefonf/
vda&Smufa0tzkdY toufMuD;rS xl;Nrwfaom arG;pm;om;wpfa,muf aumuf&ovdk NzpfoGm;onfhtwGuf
orD;udk vGrf;qGwfonfhpdwfrsm; aNzazsmufp&m NzpfoGm;&onf/
ab;em;wGif&Sdaeaom ydkifusifvkHonf xdkNrifuGif;rsm;udk aocsmpGmNrifae&onf/ arwåmNzifh xkHrTrf;onfh
pum;rsm;udkvnf; xif&Sm;pGmMum;&onf/
olYpdwftm&kHwGif &SD;[kefaoqkH;oGm;cJhcsdefu NzpfysufcJhykHrsm;udk NyefNrifa,mifvmonf/ tzrJhom;NzpfcJh&&SmNyD;
rdcifESifhvnf; a0;uGmae&ol rdrd\aNr;av;tNzpfudk awG;rdwkdif; ol&ifemrdonf/
pdwf"mwfckdifrmaom tm*odkif;orm;MuD;wpfa,muf Nzpfaomfvnf; ydkifusifvkHcrsm pdwfxJwGifcHpm;&rIudk
rcsKyfwnf; EdkifawmhbJ rsufvkH;tpkHwGif rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0Jvmawmhonf/
vufudka0SU,rf;ovdkNyKum rsufvkH;wGif a0hwufvmaom rsuf&nfrsm;udk tuÐsvufzsm;Nzifh tomyif
okwfypfvkdufonf/
þtNzpfudk usefvlrsm; rNrifMu/ 0lpifwpfa,mufuomvQif ydkifusifvkH\ t&dyftuJudk rodrom
MunfhaeonfhtwGuf aumif;pGmNrifvkduf&onf/
ydik u
f sivf EHk iS hf &S;D xifcsw
d w
f Ykd aNr;tbd;k Mum;wGif rdrrd odao;aom vQKUd 0Sucf suw f ckck &Sad eavrnfvm;[kvnf;
0lpif\pdwfxJwGif awG;vkdufrdonf/
xdkYaemuf u0draemokdif;usrf;&Sifudk *kPfNyKonfh pm;aomufyGJMuD; qufvufNyKvkyfonf/ odkif;orm;
taygif;onf pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk aysmf&TifpGmyif pm;aomufMuonf/
pm;aomufNyD;aemuf {nfhcef;aqmifMuD;bufokdY NyefvmMuonf/
ydik u
f siv
f o Hk nf {nfch ef;aqmifMuD;okYd r0ifao;bJ {nfch ef;aqmifab;em;&Sd pMuøvrf;bufoYdk xGuv f mcJoh nf/
0lpifvnf; ydkifusifvkHaemufokdY tomvdkufvmcJhonf/
tNcm;vlrsm;onf pum;rsm; tpOfrNywfao;bJ &,farmaNymqdu k m oGm;aeMuaomaMumifh pMuøvrf;bufoYdk
xGufoGm;onfh ydkifusifvkHESifh 0lpifwdkYudk rnfolurQ owd rrlrdvdkufMuay/
{nfch ef;aqmifMuD;\ tNyifbuf pMuøvrf;wGif vlou l if;&Si;f aeonf/ xdpk Muøvrf;\ ab;wzufwcsufwiG f
vSya0qmaom yef;yGifhrsm; zl;yGifhaeonfh yef;csKHMuD;rsm; &Sdonf/
]]tpfukdUMunfh&wm pdwfxJrSm wckck 0rf;enf;xdckduf aeovdkyJ? udk,fhaNr;wpfa,mufvkH; xGef;awmufwJh
odkif;orm;Nzpfvmwmudk tpfukdu raysmfEdkifbl;vm;}}
0lpifu aoG;wkd;prf; pum;qdkvdkufonf/
]]tif; ... ighaNr;&JU atmifNrifrItwGuf ig0rf;aNrmuf*kPf,lrdygw,f? 'gayr,fh ...}}
ydkifusifvkHonf 0lpifudkrMunfhbJ ta0;okdYai;Munfh&if; a&&Gwfovdk aNymonf/
pum;udkvnf; wydkif;wpESifh tqkH;owfxm;vdkufonf/
0lpifonf ydkifusifvkH bmqufaNymrnfenf;[k em;pGifhaeao;onf/ ydkifusifvkHxHrS oufNyif;csoHom
ay:vmonf/ pum;rquf/
]]'gayr,fh ... bmNzpfovJ tpfudk}}
0lpifu pum;vrf;aMumif; ay;vdkufonf/
437
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]xifcsdwf[m tzrJhom;wpfa,muf Nzpfae&wmudk igpdwfraumif;bl;}}
]]aMomf ... 'guawmh pdwfraumif;p&mbJaygh? 'gayr,fh 'DavmufawmifrSvJ pdwfxdcdkufaep&mawmh
r[kwfygbl;}}
]]eifrodbl; 0lpif? xifcsdwf&JUzcif aoqkH;&wm[m ighvufcsufaMumifh NzpfaevdkYyJ}}
]][if ...}}
0lpifrmS tmar!dwo f H xGuo f mG ;&atmifyif tHtm;oifo h mG ;awmhonf/ ydik uf sifvu Hk &S;D xifcsdw\ f zcif&;DS [kef
aoqkH;cJh&ykH taMumif;pkHudk 0lpiftm; aNymNyvdkufonf/
]]tJ'Dwkef;u pdwfvkdufrmefyg vkyfcJhrdwmudk tckawmh ighudk,fig odyfudk pdwfraumif; Nzpfaerdw,f}}
taMumif;pkH aNymNyNyD;aemuf ydkifusifvkHu pdwfysuftm;avQmhpGm nnf;wGm;onf/ 0lpifu oufNyif;udk
av;av;wGJUwGJUcsum ...
]]tif;av ... tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u u0draemokdif; tEG,f0ifawGtMum;rSm pdwfoabmxm;awG trsKd;rsKd;uGJNyD;
wzufeJYwzuf rmefaxmifaeMuwmqdkawmh tpfudkYae&mrSm uRefr&Sdae&ifvJ 'DvdkyJ vkyfrdrSmygyJ? tcsif;csif;
pnf;vkH;nDnGwfrI r&Sd&if 'DtNzpfrsKd;awG ay:aygufvmwm rqef;ygbl;}}
]]b,fvkdyJ NzpfNzpfayghav? igh&JU twårmeeJY a'goarm[pdwfawGuvJ tNypfruif;ygbl;}}
ykdifusifvkHESifh 0lpifwkdYESpfa,mufonf pum;qufí rqdkEdkifMubJ tawG;udk,fpDESifh NidrfaerdMuonf/
]]bkd;bdk; ... bGm;bGm;}}
xdktcsdefrSmyif &SD;xifcsdwf\ atmfac:oHudk Mum;vdkufMu&onf/
]]twdwfu NyKrdwmudkawG;NyD; odyfpdwfxdckduf raeygeJY? tckavmavmq,frSm rrSm;&atmifom
csifhcsifhcsdefcsdefeJY vkyfaygh? a[m ... aNr;av;u uRefrwdkYudk vkduf&SmaeNyD}}
0lpifonf ydkifusifvkHudk wD;wdk;avoHNzifh tm;ay;pum; aNymNyD;aemuf toHudkNr§ifhwifum ...
]]bmbJ aNr;av;? bGm;bGm;wdkY 'DrSm &Sdygw,f}}
0lpifu toHay;vdkufonfhtwGuf csufcsif;qdkovdkyif olwdkYteD;okdY &SD;xifcsdwf a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]&Smvdkuf&wm bGm;bGm;wdkY&,f}}
]]bmudpörsm; ta&;MuD;aevdkYvJ}}
]]u0draem*dkPf;MuD;qkdNyD; u0draemodkif; tEG,f0ifwkdY&JU wckwnf;aom odkif;tzGJUMuD; zGJUpnf;zdkYeJY a[m'D
wdrfvTma*[mudk XmecsKyfpcef; NyKvkyfzkdY usefwJh e*g;u0dawGu oabmwlnDMuNyD;NyD? bdk;bdk;eJY bGm;bGm;wdkY
ESpfa,muf&JU oabmxm;yJ usefaeawmhwmrdkY uRefawmf vkduf&Smae&wmaygh? vm ... vm ... {nfhcef;aqmifxJudk
NrefNrefoGm;Mu&atmif}}
]]bGm;bGm;&JU qE´udk vdkufar;ae&ao;vm;? ighaNr;qkH;Nzwfwm rSeforQ bGm;bGm;u oabmwlNyD;om;yg}}
0lpifu tm;wufoa&m aNymonf/
]]bkd;bdk;uvJ 'Dtwkdif;ygyJ}}
ykdifusifvkHurl wnfwnfNidrfNidrfESifh NyefaNymonf/
olwdkYokH;a,mufonf {nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY 0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
{nfhcef;aqmifxJokdY a&muf&SdoGm;NyD; 0lpifESifh ydkifusifvkHwdkYu u0draem*dkPf;zGJUpnf;Ncif;ESifh wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudk
XmecsKyfpcef; NyKvkyfNcif;wdkYudk oabmwlnDaMumif; aNymqkdvdkufonfhtcg MobmvufckyfoHrsm; [def;oGm;Nyefonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif aNre*g;*dkPf;pcef;wGif tzrf;qD; cHxm;&olrsm; vTwfay;&ef oGm;Muonfh pGefudkYaNzmif;wdkY
vlpk Nyefa&mufvmMuonf/
]]aNrmufckefckefu u0draemodkif;usrf;&Sifudk todtrSwf rNyKEdkifbl;qdkNyD; vrf;cGJxGufoGm;ygw,f? *dkPf;0if
wcsKdUvJ olYaemufygoGm;w,f? zrf;qD;xm;wJhvl w0ufausmfavmufudkvJ ac:oGm;w,f? usefaeao;wJhvlawGudk
vTwfay;NyD; twlac:vmcJhygw,f}}
pGefudkYaNzmif;u tusKd;taMumif; owif;ydkYaNymMum;onf/
&S;D xifcsdwv f nf; e*g;u0drsm;ESihf wdik yf ifum cGx
J u
G o
f mG ;aom aNrmufcek cf ek Ef iS hf taygif;tygrsm;udk u0draem
okdif;tEG,f0ifrsm; tNzpfrS xkwfy,fypfaMumif; aMuNimvdkufonf/
438
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdYk Nyif wdrv f mT &Jwu kd rf S odik ;f orm;rsm;udv
k nf; u0draemodik ;f tEG,0f ifrsm;tNzpf w&m;0ifvufcv H udk of nf/
aemufaeYrsm;wGif u0draem*dkPf;zGJUpnf;rIudk pepfwusNzpfatmif qufvuf vkyfudkif&onf/
e*g;euf*dkPf;udk raumif;rI'kp&dkufvkyfief;rsm; pGefYvTwfapum vrf;rSefay:odkY Nyefvnfa&mufapNyD;rS
u0draem*dkPf; xJwGif oGwfoGif;yg0ifaponf/
u0draem*dkPf;wGif *dkPf;csKyf[lí oD;oefY&mxl;ae&m rxm;ay/ u0draemodkif;usrf;&Sifu *dkPf;\
a&SUaqmifvrf;NytNzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
e*g;NzL*dkPf;cGJ? e*g;euf*dkPf;cGJ? e*g;0g*dkPf;cGJ? e*g;eD*dkPf;cGJ? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;cGJ? aNre*g;*dkPf;cGJ[lí
*dkPf;cGJaNcmufck zGJUpnf;onf/
ydkifusifvkHu e*g;NzL*dkPf;cGJacgif;aqmif? xefawmuf&kefu e*g;euf*dkPf;cGJacgif;aqmif? vltif;0g;u
e*g;0g*dkPf;cGJ acgif;aqmif? armfa,mufusKdu e*g;eD*dkPf;cGJacgif;aqmif? qmhcsif[kefu rdk;e*g;*dkPf;cGJacgif;aqmif?
pGefukdYaNzmif;u aNre*g;*dkPf;cGJ acgif;aqmiftNzpf wm0ef,l&onf/
,cif e*g;NzLa*[m? e*g;euf*dkPf;? e*g;eD*dkPf;? e*g;0g*dkPf;? rdk;e*g;*dkPf;ESifh aNre*g;*dkPf;wdkYrS
odkif;orm;rsm;udk olwdkY *dkPf;trnfrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh*dkPf;cGJ toD;oD;wGif *dkPf;cGJtzGJU0if odkif;orm;rsm;tNzpf
pkpnf;ay;xm;onf/
þodkYNzifh ,cifu pkpnf;rItaNctae rysufr,Gif;bJ qufvufwnf&SdNyD; ydkrdkodyfonf;vmonf/
0lpif\e*g;pdr;f *dP k ;f onf [kid ef efuRef;wGif oD;oefY&adS eNyD; ,cif u0draemodik ;f tEG,t f csif;csif; wdu k cf u
dk rf I
rsm;wGifvnf; yg0ifNcif; r&SdcJhay/
*dkPf;0iftiftm;vnf; rrsm;vSay/ tiftm;ig;q,f rQom&Sdonf/ odkYaomf *dkPf;0ifwkdif;onf yxrwef;
odkif;tausmftarmfrsm;csnf; NzpfMuonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfu e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;cGJ[lí oD;Ncm;rzGJUpnf;awmhbJ e*g;pdrf;*dkPf;0ifrsm;udk u0draem*dkPf; XmecsKyf
pcef;wGif taNccsaexdkifonfh pnf;urf;xdef; okdif;orm;rsm;tNzpf wm0efay;tyfonf/ 0lpifukdvnf; u0draem
*dkPf;\ pnf;urf;xdef; acgif;aqmiftNzpf aqmif&Gufaponf/
wdrfvTm&JwdkufrS odkif;orm;rsm;udk XmecsKyfpcef; odkif;orm;rsm;tNzpf trmcHxm;um usef*dkPf;cGJtoD;oD;rS
vlq,fOD;pDa&G;cs,fí xyfrHtm;Nznfhonf/
wdrfvTm&Jwdkufudkvnf; u0draemeef;[lí trnfaNymif;vJonf/ vda&Smufa0u u0draem eef;rª;MuD;tNzpf
wm0ef,lum [kd,kqefu 'kwd, u0draemeef;rª;tNzpf aqmif&Gufonf/
xdkYNyif *dkPf;cGJtoD;oD;rS okdif;ynmtqifhtvkduf vuf&nfwl odkif;orm;rsm;udk a&G;cs,fum a&Te*g;tzGJU?
usm;NzL tzGJU? usm;euftzGJU? usm;opfNzLtzGJU? usm;opfeuftzGJU [lí wdkufckdufa&;tzGJU ig;zGJU zGJUpnf;xm;Nyefonf/
þokdYNzifh u0draem*dkPf;0if okdif;orm;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY*dkPf;cGJrsm;tvdkuf oD;Ncm;pD &SdaeMuaomfvnf;
wdkufckdufa&;tzGJU rsm;wGif twlwlyg0if avhusifhMuNcif;Nzifh tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;um pnf;vkH;rI&vmatmif
pDpOfEdkifcJhonf/
u0draemokdif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufudk usifhpOfckepfrsKd;Nzifh cGJNcm;avhusifhNcif; rNyK&awmhbJ usifhpOfckepfrsKd;vkH;
aygif;pyfavhusifEdkifatmifvnf; qufvufpDpOfonf/
xdu k sifph Of ckepfrsKd;vk;H aygif;pyfavhusifEh ikd af tmif pDpOf&onfrmS rvG,u f v
l aS y/ tcsdew f w
kd Ekd iS hf vkyaf qmifí
vnf;r&/ xdkYaMumifh a&&Snfvkyfief;pOftNzpf csrSwfvkyfaqmif&onf/
yxrOD;pGm u0draemeef;awmfESifh *dkPf;cGJaNcmufckwdkYrS acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vufa&G;piftqifhNrifh
odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk u0draemusrf;&Sif &SD;xifcsdwfukd,fwkdif Muyfrwfum u0draemodkif;uGuf q,fh&SpfuGufudk
usifhpOfckepfrsKd;vkH;Nzifh wwfaNrmufatmif avhusifhMu&onf/
xdkokdY qdkif&macgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh vufa&G;pif tqifhNrifh odkif;orm;MuD;rsm; avhusifhatmifNrifNyD;rS
useftqifhqifh odkif;orm;rsm;udk vufqifhurf; oifNyay;Mu&rnf Nzpfayonf/
þokYd zGUJ pnf;vkyaf qmif&mwGif &S;D xifcsw d of nf qdik &f m*dP
k ;f cGJ acgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf tNrJyif aqG;aEG;wdik yf ifum
tMuHÓPfrsm; &,lvkyfaqmifonf/

439
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
xdkYaMumifh u0draem*dkPf;\zGJYpnf;rIrSm uspfvspfckdifrmum *dkPf;0ifwdkY\ okdif;ynmpGrf;&nfvnf;
Nrifhrm;vmonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfonf u0draem*dkPf; zGJUpnf;atmifNrifa&;udk tpGrf;ukefMudK;pm; vkyfaqmif&if; rdrdudk
tEÅ&m,frsm;Mum;rS oufpGefYqHzsm; u,fwifay;cJhMuonfh aus;Zl;&Sifrsm;Nzpfaom a':av;csif;csif;ESifh
a':av;vdefvdefwdkYudk owd&rdonf/
a':av;vdefvdef\ &kyf&nfoGifNyifudk &SD;xifcsdwfaumif;pGm od&SdrSwfrdaomfvnf; rdrdukdarG;uif;pt&G,fu
u,fwifay;cJhol a':av;csif;csif;udkrl NzLonfrnf;onfyif rod/ a':av;csif;csif; taMumif;udk rdcifydkifpkusif
aNymNyorQom odcJh&onf/
a':av;csif;csif; b,fae&ma&mufí bmNzpfaeonfukd &S;D xifcsdwf tvGeo f vd o dk nf/ waeUr[kww f aeUwGif
a':av;csif;csif;ESifh qkHawGUEdkif&efvnf; tarQmfvifhMuD; arQmfvifhae&Smonf/
&SD;xifcsdwf arQmfvifhonfhtwkdif;yif a':av;csif;csif;ESifh qkHawGU&ygonf/ okdYaomf xdkokdYqkHawGUMu&mwGif
&SD;xifcsdwf b,fvdkrS arQmfvifhrxm;aom tNzpfqkd;rsm; wckNyD;wck MuKHcJh&ayawmhonf/
&SD;xifcsdwfESifh csif;csif;wdkY NyefvnfqkHawGUMuykH taMumif;rsm;udk razmfNyrD csif;csif;taMumif;udk tvsifOD;pGm
azmfNyygrnf/

440
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif

tcef; (42)
csif;csif;onf ydkifpkusif\ arG;uif;pom;i,fav;udk &ifcGifwGifydkufí tEÅ&m,frS uif;a0;Edkifa&;twGuf
toufpGefYum xGufaNy;cJhonf/ okdYaomf uHMur®mzefwD;ykHrSm awmeufwae&mwGif csif;csif;tNyif;zsm;um
uav;i,fvnf; aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhonf/
csif;csif;udk xif;ckwform;wpfa,mufu awGU&Sdum tultnDay; u,fwifcJhonf/
odkYaomf ydkifpkusif\ arG;uif;pom;i,frSmrl aysmufNcif;rvS aysmufqkH;oGm;cJhonf/
(þtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk pma&;ol bmomNyefqdk xkwfa0NyD;Nzpfaom ]]rSJY&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif}}
(yxrydkif;) wGif tao;pdwfzwf&IEdkifygonf/ pum;csyf)
csif;csif;onf tzsm;a0'emrS oufomonfESifh ae&mtESHUwGif aysmufqkH;oGm;aom uav;i,fudk
vdkufvHpkHprf; &SmazGavawmhonf/ ydkifpkusif xdkuav;udk ukd,f0efaqmifxm;&onfh tcsdefrsm;wGif csif;csif;onf
tem;wGifaeum NyKpkay;cJh&onf/ xdkuav; arG;zGm;&mwGifvnf; tm;pdkufcGefpkduf ulnDay;cJh&onf/ arG;zGm;NyD;aemuf
tEÅ&m,fab;rS vGwfuif;atmif xGufaNy;&mwGifvnf; csif;csif;uyif xdkuav;i,fudk &ifcGifydkufum
xGufaNy;a&Smifwdrf; cJh&onf/ wwforQrSwforQNzifh uav;udk NyKpkcJh&onf/
rdrd0rf;ESifh rvG,f&aomfvnf; csif;csif;tzdkY xdkuav;i,fudk rdrd\&ifaoG;om;i,f wpfa,mufESifhrNcm;
oHa,mZOfwG,fum cspfaerd&Smonf/ xdkuav;i,f aysmufqkH;oGm;aomtcg csif;csif;rSm om;aysmufrdcif
wpfa,mufESifh rNcm;atmifyif ylaqG;aomu a&muf&&Smonf/
441
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
NrdKUtESHUe,ftESHY vkdufvH&SmazG&mwGif aumuf,l&&Sdxm;onfqdkaom uav;i,frsm;udk tawmfrsm;rsm;yif
awGU&onf/ okdY&mwGif xkduav;i,frsm;udk oGm;a&mufMunfh&Iaomtcg rdrdaysmufqkH;oGm;aom ydkifpkusif\om;i,f
r[kwfaMumif;udkawGUNyD; pdwfysuftm;avQmh oGm;&onf/
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom ydkifpkusif\ om;i,faNcz0g;wGif rSJYeuf&SpfvkH; &Sdaeay&m tvGefyif xif&Sm;odomaom
trSwftom;NzpfaomaMumifh csif;csif;taeNzifh b,fvdkrS rrSwfrdp&m taMumif;r&Sday/
aysmufqkH;oGm;aom uav;i,fudk vdkufvH&SmazG&if; armufcsKdifawmwef;odkY csif;csif; a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/
armufcsKdifawmwef;\ tv,fwGif awmifaMumMuD;wpfck &Sdonf/ awmwef;xJwGif vQKdaNr§mifrsm;
aygrsm;onf/ a&wHcGefrsm;vnf; trsm;tNym;yif &Sdonf/
euf&Idif;um vlolta&muftayguf enf;vSNyD; awmvdkufrkqkd;rsm;om usufpm;aexkdif&m t"du&
awmtkyfMuD; wpfckvnf;Nzpfonf/
armufcsKdifawmwef;\ tpyfwae&mwGif avQmufvSrf;vmcJhaom csif;csif;onf awmvkdufrkqkd;
wpfa,mufESifh qkHrdonf/
]]OD;av;MuD;&,f ... uav;i,fwpfa,mufudk aumuf&xm;w,fqdkwJh owif;rsm; rMum;rdbl;vm;&Sif}}
onfar;cGef;rsKd; rdrdESifhqkHrdonfh vlwdkif;tm; csif;csif; ar;Nref;cJhonfrSm tMudrfaygif;rsm;vSayNyD/
awmvdkufrkqkd; rsufarSmifMuKwfoGm;onf/
awmxJoYdk a&mufaeaom rde;f uav;wpfa,mufu rsufpv d nfaeonft h wGuf vrf;pudn k eT Nf yay;&ef aNymqdk
ar;Nref;rnf[k xifrw S af e&m bmrqdik nf mrqdik f uav;wpfa,muf aumuf&xm;onfo h wif;udk ar;vmonft h wGuf
tHhMordonf/
]][kdbuf awmifukef;em;rSmaewJh ighrdwfaqGMuD; vdaNymifuawmh uav;wpfa,muf aumuf&xm;w,fvdkY
aNymzl;w,f}}
awmvdkufrkqdk;u NyefaNymonf/
xdkpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg csif;csif;rSm txl;yif tm;wufoGm;&onf/
]][m ... 'Dpum;Mum;&wm 0rf;omvdkufwm&Sif? OD;av;MuD;&JU rdwfaqGvdaNymifqD vdkufydkYay;yg&Sif? aus;Zl;udk
rarhygbl;}}
csif;csif;onf awmvdkufrkqdk;\ a&SUwGif 'l;axmufcsNyD;aemuf tm;udk;wMuD;yif aNymonf/
awmvdkufrkqdk;u csif;csif;udk tuJcwfovdk pl;pkdufMunfh\/
csif;csif;\ t0wftpm;rsm;u a[mif;EGrf;npfayaeonf/ qHyifudk Nzpfuwwfqef;om NzD;oifxm;
aomaMumifh zGmvefMuJaeonf/ pdwfyifyef; vlyifyef; NzpfcJh&onfrSm wpfESpfausmfMumNyDrdkY rsufESmav;rSm
acsmifusaeonf/
EkysKdaom touft&G,fESifh rvdkufatmif pdwfaomu a&mufcJh&ykHwdkYonf csif;csif;\toGiftNyifwGif
xif&Sm;pGm ay:vGifaeonf/ awmvdkufrkqdk;onf csif;csif;udkMunfhNyD; oem;u&kPm oufvmonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... igvdkufydkYay;r,f}}
]]aus;Zl;wifvkdufwm OD;av;MuD;&,f}}
]]at; ... wckawmh aNymxm;r,f? vdaNymif aumuf&xm;wJh uav;[m rif;vdkuf&SmaewJh uav;[kwfcsifrS
[kwfrSmaemf}}
]][kwrf mS yg OD;av;MuD;&,f? uRefr&JU wlav;udk 'Dvkd awmeufMuD;xJrmS yJ aysmufq;Hk oGm;cJw h myg? 'Duav;[m
uRefr&JU wlav;NzpfzdkY aocsmygw,f&Sif}}
csif;csif;u tm;wufoa&m aNymae&m awmvdkufrkqdk;rSm bmrQ qufvufapm'uwuf Niif;ckHraeawmh/
csif;csif;\tNzpfudk pmemonfhtoGifNzifh oufNyif;wcsufom csvkdufonf/
vdaNymif aexdkif&mae&mrSm rkqdk;awmifukef;[kac:onfh awmifukef;ay:wGif Nzpfonf/
rkqdk;awmifukef;onf yifrawmifaMumMuD;ESifh qufaeonf/ rkqdk;awmifukef;\ taemufbufwGif
Nrifhrm;aom awmifpG,frsm;&Sdonf/ xdkYNyif a&t[kefNyif;pGm usqif;aeaom a&wHcGefMuD;wpfckvnf; &Sdonf/

442
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
armufcsKdifawmwef;wGif a&wHcGeftrsm;tNym; &Sdonfhteuf xdka&wHcGefMuD;onf txif&Sm;qkH;Nzpfonf/
tNrifhrm;qkH;ESifh a&ustNyif;xefqkH;vnf; Nzpfonf/
xdkYNyif xdka&wHcGefMuD;wGif xl;Ncm;aom vQKdU0Sufcsuf wpfck&Sdaeao;onf/
a&wHcGefMuD;rS pD;qif;usaeaom a&rsm;onf rsm;Nym;NyD; t[kefNyif;xefvSaomfvnf; ig;ESpfvQifwpfMudrf
a&wHcGefrSa&rsm; vkH;0usqif;Ncif;r&SdbJ cef;aNcmufoGm;avh&Sdonf/ xdkokdY a&cef;aNcmufaerIonf tcsdefokH;veD;yg;
MumNrifhwwfonf/
ig;ESpfvQifwpfaMudrf okH;vrQ a&cef;aNcmufaeNyD;aemuf t[kefNyif;xefpGmESifh qufvufí a&rsm; pD;usNrJ
pD;usvmavh&Sdonf/
þxl;qef;aom NzpfysufrIaMumifh xdka&wHcGefudk "ig;ESpfom; a&wHcGef" [k ac:Muonf/
ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGef rnfonfhae&mrS tpNyKonfqdkNcif;udk rod&ay/
rk q d k ; awmif u k e f ; \ taemuf a Nrmuf b uf ig;rd k i f c ef Y tuG m wG i f & S d o nf h vd k P f * l M uD ; wpf c k x J r S
a&rsm;pD;qif;xGufvmNyD; a&wHcGefMuD; Nzpfay:aecJhonf/
ig;ESpfvQifwpfMudrf a&rsm;cef;aNcmuf oGm;aomtcgwGif vdkPf*l0udk xif&Sm;pGmyif awGUNrif&onf/
xdkvdkPf*lonf twdkif;tq rodatmifyif &Snfvsm;vSonf/
pdrf;pkdaomopfyifrsm; zkH;vTrf;aeonfh Nrifhrm;aomawmifpG,fay:rS ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGefu oG,fNzmpD;usae&m
Nrom;urÁvmay:wGif aiGe*g;MuD;wpfaumif vl;vGefYaysmfyg;aeonfhES,f tvGefyif vSyaeawmh\/
rkqkd;awmifukef;\ twefi,faNyaom awmifapmif;ae&mwGif wJtdrfav;wpfck &Sdonf/ wJtdrfav;\
teD;0ef;usifwGif awmaumifwdkY\ om;a&trsKd;rsKd;ESifh tom;rsKd;pkHwdkYudk aevSef;xm;onf/
Nrif&kHESifh awmvdkufrkqdk;wpfa,muf\ aetdrfNzpfaMumif; odEdkifayonf/
]]vdaNymif ... a[; ... vdaNymif}}
wJtdrfav;ESifh cyfvSrf;vSrf;odkY a&mufaomtcg csif;csif;udk vrf;Nyac:vmaom awmvdkufrkqdk;u
vSrf;atmftoHNyKonf/
wJtdrfav;xJrS trsKd;orD;MuD;wpfa,muf xGufvmavonf/
xdktrsKd;orD;MuD;\ &ifcGifxJwGif arG;uif;puav;i,f wpfa,mufudk axG;ydkufayGUcsDxm;onf/
]]a[m ... [kdrSm uRefrwlav;}}
csif;csif;onf 0rf;ompGmatmf[pfum wJtdrf&Sd&mokdY wtm;ukefaNy;oGm;onf/
wwfaNrmufxm;aom udk,fazmhynmudk tqifhukefokH;um aNy;oGm;onfNzpfaomaMumifh csufcsif;qdkovdkyif
wJtrd af &SUokYd a&mufomG ;onf/ wJtrd af &SUa&mufonfEiS hf trsKd;orD;MuD;\ vufxrJ S arG;uif;puav;i,fukd qwfceJ
qGJ,lvkdufonf/
csif;csif;\ aNy;oGm;rI? uav;i,fukd qG, J vl u
dk rf w
I Ykd rmS tvGeyf ifNrefqefvo S nf/ vrf;Nyac:aqmifvmaom
awmvdkufrkqdk;MuD;a&m wJtdrfxJrS uav;i,fudk ayGUumxGufvmonfh trsKd;orD;MuD;yg &kwfw&uf tHhtm;oifh
ukefMuonf/
bmrSef;rod nmrSef;rodbJ rdrdvufxJ&Sd uav;i,fudk vk,lcHvkduf&onfhtwGuf trsKd;orD;MuD;rSm
rsufvkH;NyL;oGm;onf/
csif;csif;uawmh bmudkrQ*&krpdkuf/
rdrdvdkufvH &SmazGaecJhonfh uav;i,fudk NyefawGU&NyDqdkaom todNzifhom tvGefyifaysmf&Tifvsuf
&ifw'def;'def; ckefaeonf/
xif&Sm;aom trSwftom;udk rMunfh&ao;aomfvnf; þuav;i,f\ &kyf&nfoGifNyifrSm aysmufqkH;
oGm;aom rdrdwlav;ESifh tvGefwlonf[k csif;csif;\ rsufpdtNrifwGif awGUae&onf/
þuav;i,fonf aysmufqkH;aeaom rdrd\wlav;Nzpf&rnf[kvnf; pdwfxJu wxpfcs,lqaeonf/
ydkrdkaocsmatmif uav;i,fudk &pfywfxm;onfh tESD;tm;aNzzGifhNyD; uav;i,f\aNcz0g;rsm;udk
Munfhvdkufonf/
]]tdk ...}}
443
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif; tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfrdonf/
uav;i,f\ EkaxG;eD&Jao aNcz0g;av;rsm;ay:wGif rnfonfhrSJYrQr&Sd? aNymif&Sif;í aeayonf/
tarQmfvifMh uD; arQmfvifx h m;orQ wu,fNzpfrvmonft h wGuf csif;csif;rSm tvGeyf if pdwx f cd u
dk o
f mG ;&onf/
wif;xm;orQ pdwfawG aNyusukefonf/ tvGefyif tm;avsmhoGm;onf/
rwfwwfyif aumif;aumif; r&yfEikd af wmh/ vufx&J u dS av;i,fukd trsKd;orD;xH Nyefay;NyD;aemuf acGaysmhum
aNrMuD;ay:wGif xdkifcsvkduf&avawmhonf/
]],efpdefwdwf ... 'Drdef;uav;u b,folvJ}}
trsKd;orD;MuD;rSm xdktcgrSyif csif;csif;tm; vrf;Nyac:vmonfh rkqdk;MuD;,efpdefwdwfudk vSrf;í
ar;vdkufEdkifonf/
,ef p d e f w d w f u d k , f w d k i f r S m vnf ; csif ; csif ; rnf o l r nf 0 gNzpf o nf u d k aoaocsmcsm rod a o;ay/
uav;i,fwpfa,muf aysmufqkH;oGm;onfhtwGuf pdwfxdcdkufum vdkufvH&SmazGaeolNzpfonf qdkwmavmufom
cefYrSef; od&Sdxm;onf/
,efpdefwdwfonf rdrdcefYrSef;od&Sdxm;oavmufudkom trsKd;orD;MuD;tm; &Sif;Nyvkdufonf/
&dk;om;aom trsKd;orD;MuD;onf csif;csif;tay:wGif tvGefyifoem;oGm;onf/
]]NzpfrNS zpf&avuG,?f uJ ... uJ tdrx f u
J kd 0ifygOD;/ aysmufomG ;wJu h av;udk waeYus&if NyefawGU&rSmayghu, G }f }
trsKd;orD;MuD;u csif;csif;udk tm;ay;pum; aNymMum;onf/
csif;csif;onf aNrMuD;ay:wGif xdkifvsufom;&Sdae&mrS x&yfvdkuf&m acgif;xJwGifrdkufceJNzpfNyD;
rl;a0vJusoGm;onf/ rkqdk;MuD;,efpdefwdwfu uref;uwef;yif az;ray;xm;vkduf&onf/
csif;csif;onf aysmufqkH;oGm;aomuav;i,fudk wpfESpfausmfMumatmif vdkufvH&SmazGcJh&m pdwfyifyef;
vlyifyef;ESifh tawmfyiftm;enf;aecJhonf/
arG;uif;p uav;i,frsm;onf wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf &kyf&nfoGifNyifcsif; qifwloa,mif&Sdwwf&m
trsKd;orD;MuD; csDxm;onfh uav;i,fudk Nrifvdkuf&csdefwGif rdrd\aysmufqkH;oGm;aom wlav;Nzpf&rnf[k
csif;csif;\pdwfxJwGifwGufum tvGefyif0rf;omNyD; pdwfvIyf&Sm;cJh&onf/
xdYk Nyif pdwaf vmMuD;pGmyif wwfaNrmufxm;aom ud, k af zmhynmNzifh aNy;vTm;oGm;cJ&h m twGi;f tm;udk tok;H csrI
vGefuJoGm;onf/ udk,fcE¨mtwGif; aoG;vnfywfrI rrQrwbJ Nzpfukefonf/
wzef rdrdarQmfvifhxm;ovdk r[kwfaMumif;od&onfhtcgwGif csif;csif;rSm tpydkif;wGif 0rf;omcJh&oavmuf
tMuD;tus,f pdwfxdckdufcJh&Nyefonf/
yifyef;um tm;enf;NyD; udk,fcE¨mtwGif; aoG;avvnfywfrI rrSefuefbJ &SdaeonfhtcsdefwGif
0rf;omvGe;f Ncif;? 0rf;enf;vGe;f Ncif; [laom pdwv f yI &f mS ;rI tpGe;f ESpzf uf tMuD;tus,fNzpfc&hJ m csif;csif;crsm rnfoYdk rQ
rcHEdkif&SmawmhbJ owdvpfarhaNrmoGm;&Ncif; Nzpfavonf/
wu,fawmh csif;csif;onf aysmufqkH;aeaom uav;i,fudkawGUvdkaZmMuD;vGef;onfh twGuf awG;awm
qifNcifrI tm;enf;oGm;cJhonf/
xdkuav;i,f aysmufoGm;cJhonfrSm wpfESpfausmfMumNyD Nzpfonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif xdkuav;i,fonf
tcgvnfom;t&G,fyif &Sdaeayawmhrnf/ odkYaomf csif;csif;\ pdwftm&kHwGifrl rdrdukd,fwkdif csDydk;xGufaNy;vmcJh&onfh
&ufom;t&G,f uav;i,f\ &kyf&nfoGifNyifomvQif pGJusefaecJhonf/
xdkYaMumifhvnf; trsKd;orD;MuD;\ vufxJwGif arG;uif;puav;i,fav; csDykd;xm;onfudk Nrif&aomtcg
rdrdaysmufqkH;oGm;aom wlav;yifNzpf&rnf[k awG;awmrdum 0rf;tomMuD;omoGm;cJhrdNcif; Nzpfayawmhonf/
pdwfaxmif;udk,faMuqdkovdk pdwfaomu trsKd;rsKd;'Pfudk csif;csif;\cE¨mudk,fu rcHEdkifawmhay/
rkqdk;MuD;vdaNymif\ZeD;u csif;csif;udk aumif;rGefpGmNyKpkay;onf/ rMumrDrSmyif csif;csif; Nyefvnf
owd&vmonf/
csif;csif;onf wpkHw&maom a&m*ga0'emr&Sdaomfvnf; pdwfaxmif;udk,faMuum yifyef;NyD; tm;enf;vGef;
aomaMumifh vdaNymif\ZeD;u tm;aq;rsm; qufvuf wdkufauR;NyKpkonf/
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;aeaompdwf aNyaysmufoGm;atmifvnf; tm;ay;ESpfodrfhpum;rsm; aNymMum;onf/
444
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
rdrd\tdrfwGifyif csif;csif;tm; qufvuftem;,laexdkifaponf/
rkqdk;MuD;vdaNymifuvnf; csif;csif;udk tvGef*&kpdkufonf/ tm;tif&Sdaprnfh awmaumiftom;rsm;ESifh
opfOopfzkrsm;? aq;yifaq;Nrpfrsm; &&SdvmvQif csif;csif;udkom auR;\/
rkqdk;MuD; ,efpdefwdwfuvnf; waeYvQifwMudrf vma&mufawGUqkHNyD; tm;ay;pum;aNymMum;onf/
csif;csif;twGuf pm;aumif;aomufzG,frsm;? aq;Oaq;Nrpfrsm;ESifh vufaqmifypönf;rsm;udkvnf; vmwkdif;
,lvmay;onf/
,efpdefwdwfESifhtwl ol\om;ESpfa,mufNzpfaom ,efavmufqefESifh ,efvefudefwdkYvnf; ygvmMuonf/
,efavmufqefESifh ,efvefudefwdkYonf tNrGmnDtpfudkrsm; r[kwfMuaomfvnf; &kyf&nfcsif; tawmfyif
qifwlonf/ odkY&mwGif pdwf"mwfESifh trltusifhcsif;uawmh tvGefNcm;em;onf/
,efavmufqefu pdwf&if;aumif;onf/ wnfwnfNidrfNidrf aexdkifwwfonf/ avmuGwfpum;
odyfraNymwwf/
,efvefudefurl pdwf&if;aumufuspfonf/ wukd,faumif;qefonf/ bmudkrQ pmemaxmufxm; &rSef;rod/
rdrdvkyfvdk&mudk vkyfwwfonf/ odkYaomf tNyifyef;taNymtqdku csKdomaNyNypfvGef;onf/
,efavmufqefwdkY nDtpfudkonf awmvdkufrkqdk;\ om;rsm;NzpfMuaomfvnf; awmvdkufrkqdk;tvkyfudk
odyf0goemrygMu/ odkif;ynmudkom vdkvdkvm;vm; oif,lMuonf/ awmvdkufrkqdk;rsKd;&dk;wdkY\ ADZpGrf;&nfESifh
odkif;ynmwdkY aygif;pyfvkdufaomtcg olwdkYnDaemif\ynmpGrf;rSm tNcm;odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh rwlbJ wrlqef;aeonf/
b0a&pufaMumifh[k qdk&rnfvm;rod/ ,efavmufqefonf csif;csif;udk Nrif&onfESifh t&l;trl;yif
pGJvrf;cspfcifoGm;onf/
csif;csif;url rdrdudk ulnDay;cJhaom ,efpdefwdwf\rsufESmaMumifh ,efavmufqefwdkYudk ac:aNymqufqH
aomfvnf; qef;Nym;aom pdwfxm;rsm; r&SdcJhay/
,efavmufqefonf csif;csif;tay:wGif pGJvrf;um arwåm&Sdaeaomfvnf; EIwfrSxkwfazmfraNym&JbJ
tcspfpdwfudk &ifxJwGifyif xdef;odrf;vQKdU0Sufxm;&onf/
tuif ; yg;NyD ; ÓPf r sm;aom ,ef v ef u d e f u rl tpf u d k N zpf o l ,ef a vmuf q ef u csif ; csif ; ud k
oabmusaeaMumif; &dyfrdonf/ xdkYNyif aumufuspfaom tMuHwpfckudkvnf; pOf;pm;rdonf/
waeYwGif tpfudkNzpfol ,efavmufqefudk vloluif;&Sif;onfh ae&mwpfckokdY ac:oGm;NyD; ...
]]tpfudkYudk wpfckar;p&m&Sdw,f? rSefrSefaNzaemf}}
]]rif;[mu t&if;r&Sd tzsm;r&Sd? igu bmudkrSefrSef aNz&rSmvJ}}
,efavmufqefu nDNzpfoludk rsufarSmifMuKwfumMunfhNyD; NyefaNym\/
]][kd ... csif;csif;qdkwJh aumifrav;udk tpfudk MudKufaew,fr[kwfvm;}}
,efavmufqefu rNiif;Edkif/ zGifh[0efcH &awmhonf/
]]tif; ... [kwfw,f? 'gayr,fh igzGifhraNym&Jbl;uG}}
]]tJ'g cufwmaygh? csif;csif;[m {nfhonfwpfa,mufqdkwm arhraeeJY? olu tNrJwrf;&SdaerSm r[kwfbl;?
awmfMum tem;,ltm;NynfhNyD; NyefoGm;vdkY tpfudkwpfa,mufwnf; aqG;usefaecJhr,faemf}}
csif;csif;udk t&l;trl;yif cspfaerdaom ,efavmufqefrSm þpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg &ifxdwfoGm;&onf/
rnfolrqdk rdrdcspf&oludk vufvGwfqkH;&IH;rnfhta&; awG;ylwwfMuonfomNzpf\/
]]tif;av ... 'Dvdk Nzpfvm&ifvJ bmwwfEdkifrSmvJuGm}}
]]tJ'g tpfudknHhwmaygh? bmaMumifh rwwfEdkif&rSmvJ}}
]]uJ aNymprf;ygOD;? b,fvkdrsm; vkyfEdkifrSmvJ}}
]]tpfudkeJY csif;csif; eD;pyfoGm;atmif uRefawmfvkyfay;Ekdifygw,f}}
]]rif; wu,faNymaewmvm;}}
]]wu,faygh tpfudk&m? aemufokH;&ufqdk&if ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGefMuD; cef;aNcmufNyD; vdkPf*lay:vmawmhr,f?
tJ'D vdkPf*lxJudkom 0ifvmcJh? tpfudkY qE´Nynfh0ap&r,f}}
]][kwfrS [kwf&JUvm;uGm}}
445
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
]]vmomvmcJhygAsm? rydkifbJeJY tpfudkYudk uRefawmf rac:ygbl;}}
xkdokdYaNymNyD;aemuf ,efvefudefonf aNcvSrf;oGufoGufNzifh avQmufvSrf; xGufoGm;awmhonf/
,efavmufqefrSm ai;idkifpOf;pm;&if; usefaecJhonf/
rdrdESifh csif;csif;wdkY eD;pyf&avatmif ,efvefudef rnfokdYrnfykH MuHaqmifrnfqdkNcif;udk rpOf;pm;wwf/
okdYaomf ,efvefudef ÓPfrsm;um y&d,m,fMuG,f0aMumif;udkum; aumif;aumif;odonf/
bmyJNzpfNzpf vdkPf*l0udkawmh oGm;Munhfrnf[k ,efavmufqef qkH;Nzwfvkdufonf/
ig;ESpfwm tcsdefapha&mufNyD NzpfaomaMumifh ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGefMuD;rSm a&rsm;cef;aNcmufí aeavNyD/
a&rsm;xGufus&m ae&mNzpfaom vdkPf*l0vnf; xif&Sm;ay:vGifaeonf/
,efavmufqefonf i,fpOftcguyif xdkvkdPf*l0xJodkY 0ifxGufoGm;vm aqmhupm;cJhzl;onf/ okdYaomf
vdkPf*ltwGif;bufydkif;okdYrl ra&mufzl;ay/ ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGefwGif pD;qif;usonfh a&rsm;xGufvm&mNzpfaom
xdkvdkPfacgif;onf twdkif;rodatmif &Snfvsm;vSonf/
rnfolrQ twGif;bufydkif;okdY 0ifrMunfhzl;Muao;ay/ vdkPfacgif;rnfrQ &Snfvsm;onfudkvnf;
rnfolrQrodMu/
vdkPfacgif;xJwGif tvif;a&mif odyftm;raumif;/ okdYaomf ,efavmufqefonf vdkPfacgif;t0ydkif;em;&Sd
aNrtaetxm;udk aumif;pGmuRrf;usifNyD; NzpfaomaMumifh vdkPfacgif;xJokdY 0ifvm&mwGif tcuftcJ r&SdvSay/
rD;NcpfESifh rD;cGufrsm; toifhygvmaomfvnf; xGef;ndN§ cif;rNyKao;bJ vdkPfacgif;xJokdY tomyif aNcvSrf;
wvSrf;csif; avQmufvSrf;0ifvmcJhonf/
aNcvSrf;ESpfq,frQ avQmufvSrf;NyD;aomtcg ,efavmufqef\pdwfxJwGif xl;Ncm;csufwckudk cHpm;od&Sd
vm&onf/
ol\ESm0wGif udk,f&eHYwrsKd;udk &SL&Idufvdkuf&aomaMumifhyif/
,efavmufqefonf rkqdk;rdom;pkrsKd;&dk;rS qif;oufvmcJhol Nzpfonfhtwdkif; teHYcHEdkifrI? toHem;axmifrI
pGrf;&nfrsm;wGif xl;Ncm;xufNrufonf/ þvdkPf*lwae&mwGif vlwa,mufa,muf &Sdaeonfudk tuJcwfrdonf/
]]nDav; ... rif; a&mufaeNyDvm;}}
vdkPf*lxJokdY ,efvefudef a&mufaeESifhNyDvm;[k xifrdaomaMumifh ,efavmufqef toHNyKvdkufonf/
rnfonfhtoHrQ wkHYNyefvmNcif; r&Sd/
onfawmhrS rD;NcpfudkNcpfum rD;cGufwGif rD;xGef;ndv § dkufonf/
rD;cGufa&mifaMumifh vdkPf*lacgif;xJwGif tawmfvif;vif;csif;csif; &SdoGm;onf/ rD;a&mifaMumifh
tawmfvSrf;vSrf; ae&mwGif wapmif;av;tdyfaeaom rdef;rysKdwpfa,mufudk vSrf;Nrif&onf/
,efavmufqef\ ESvkH;om; wodrfhodrfh ckefoGm;\/
cyfapmif;apmif; tdyfaeaomaMumifh xdkrdef;uav;\ rsufESmudk rNrifEdkifay/
rsuEf mS udk rNrif&ao;aomfvnf; xdrk ed ;f uav; rnfoNl zpfonfqNdk cif;udak wmh ,efavmufqef aumif;aumif;
odonf/
xdkrdef;uav;rSm olUESvkH;om;udk pdk;rdk;xm;avol csif;csif;yifwnf;/
tdyfaysmfaeaom csif;csif; vefYEdk;oGm;rnfpkd;aomaMumifh ,efavmufqefonf aNcoHrMum;&atmif
twwfEdkifqkH; aNcudkzGeif;um wNznf;Nznf;csif; avQmufvSrf;vmcJhonf/
csif;csif;rSm toufrSefrSef&SLum ESpfNcdKufpGmyif tdyfarmusae&Smonf/ tenf;i,frQyif rvIyf/
,efavmufqefonf csif;csif;\ab;em;wGifxdkifum ESpfNcdKufpGm tdyfarmusae&Smol csif;csif;tm;
NrwfEdk;pGmNzifh wpdrfhpdrfhMunfhaeonf/
olUvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk waphwapmif; acsmif;aNrmif; Munfh&Iaeolwpfa,muf&Sdonf/
,efvefudefomwnf;/
ÓPfrsm;oavmuf aumufuspfvSaom ,efvefudefonf tvGef,kwfrmonfhtMuHqkd; tMuH&dkif;udk
pDpOfvkyfaqmifcJhonf/

446
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;\vSyaom &kyf&nfESifh awmifhwif;tcsKd;usaom udk,fcE¨mtcsKd;tqufwdkYudk ,efvefudefuvnf;
oabmuscJhonf/ odkYaomf ,efavmufqefuJhodkY ppfrSefaom arwåmNzifh cspfonfawmhr[kwf/ wyfrufpdwfNzifh
vdkvm;oabmusNcif;omNzpfonf/
olonf csif;csif;udkpvkdaomfvnf; aemufydkif;rat;rnf pkd;aomaMumifh tuGufaumif;udk apmifhaecJhonf/
,ef a vmuf q ef u csif ; csif ; ud k t&l ; trl ; pG J v rf ; cspf c if a eaMumif ; od & aomtcg vl , k w f r m
,efvefudeftwGuf tcGifhtcgaumif; ay:vmcJhonf/
aemufaMumif; at;aprnfh ysm;vnf;0? yef;vnf;vSrnfh tpDtpOfudk taumiftxnf azmfawmhonf/
csif;csif;udk tdyfaq;cwfvdkufonf/
rdrdudk ulnDu,fwifay;cJhol ,efpdefwdwf\om;NzpfonfhtwGuf csif;csif;u ,efvefudeftay:wGif
pdwfcsae&m tidkufrdum tdyfaq;tcwf cHvkduf&onf/
,efvefudefonf tdyfaq;rdum vlrSef;olrSef;rodawmhatmif tdyfaysmfaeol csif;csif;udk vdaNymif\wJtdrfrS
tomcdk;xkwfvmum ig;ESpfom;a&wHcGef cef;aNcmufoGm;í Nzpfay:vmaom vdkPf*lxJokdY ac:vmcJhonf/
pdwfxm;,kwfrmol wa,mufyDyD oifhroifh? avsmfravsmf rpOf;pm;/ bmudkrQvnf; raxmufxm;/ rdrd\
pdwfvdktifqE´Nynfh0a&; wpfckwnf;udkom OD;pm;ay; vkyfaqmifawmhonf/
wukd,faumif;qefpGm rdrdvdktifqE´wpfckwnf; Nynfh0apa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifrIum; rvdkvm;tyfaom
azmufNyefrIyifNzpf\/
pdwfqE´Nynfh0NyD;aomtcg csif;csif;udkxm;cJhNyD; *ltNyifokdYxGufum tomykef;atmif;vsuf ,efavmufqef
tvmudk apmifhMunfhaecJhonf/
,efavmufqefu ESpfESpfNcKdufNcdKuf tdyfarmusaeaom csif;csif;\ab;wGifxdkifum NrwfEdk;,k,pGm
wpdrfhpdrfhom Munfhaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg ,efvefudefrSm txl;yif rausreyf Nzpfaerdonf/
]]awmuf ... igh tpfudkuawmh wu,fudk nHhwmyJuGm? udk,fa&SUa&mufvmwJh om;aumifudk 'Dtwkdif;
xdkifMunfhae&w,fvdkY? igeJYrsm;Nzifh uGmygh}}
&dk;&dk;om;om; arwåmppfNzifh cspfaerdol ,efavmufqefudkyif pdwfxJrS tNypfwifa&&Gwf aeao;onf/
xdkYaemuf olUtMuHtpnfudk vufpowf vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef wdwfwqdwf xGufcGmoGm;avawmhonf/
vdkPf*lxJwGif Nidrfoufaeonf/
rD;cGuf\ta&mifNzmusaeonfh ae&mrSvGJí usefae&mrsm;wGif 0dk;w0g; tvif;a&mifom &Sdaeonf/
,efavmufqefonf rD;cGufta&mif xdk;usum tvSMuD;vSaeonfh csif;csif;udk wpdrfhpdrfhxkdifMunfhaeonf/
csif;csif;\tvSu olUtwGuf Munfhr0? &IrNiD;atmifNzpfaeonf/
onfvdkxdkifMunfhae&onfudkyif olY&ifxJwGif yDwdvIdufNzmMunfEl;aeonf/
tcsdefawG b,fvdkukefqkH;oGm;onfudkyif olrodEkdifawmh/
vl r S e f ; ol r S e f ; rod a wmh a tmif y if td y f a ysmf a e&S m ol csif ; csif ; ud k ol v uf z sm;ES i f h y if rxd ? rwk d Y ?
pdwf&dkif;pdwfrdkufvnf; r0ifrd/
NrwfEdk;MuifemrI tNynfhNzifhom wpdrfhpdrfh xkdifMunfhaeonf/
aemufqkH;wGif rdaeaom tdyfaq;tmedoifrsm; ysufNy,fum csif;csif; NyefEdk;vmcJhonf/
]]tif; ...}}
cyf o J h o J h t oH a v;NyKum csif ; csif ; \ rsuf a wmif a umh M uD ; rsm; vI y f & S m ;vmonf / vS y aom
rsufvkH;av;onfvnf; yGifhvmonf/
rsufvkH;yGifhvmonfESifh csif;csif; yxrqkH;Nrifvdkufonfu ,efavmufqef\ pkwfcRef;cRef;rsufESm/
]]aMomf ... ,efavmufqefygvm;}}
csif;csif;u EIwfrStoHNyKum ac:vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf teD;0ef;usifudk owdxm;Munfhvdkuf&m rkqdk;MuD;vdaNymif\ tdrfxJwGifr[kwfawmhbJ
rdrdwMudrfwcgrQ ra&mufzl;aom vdkPf*lwpfckxJwGif Nzpfaeonfudk awGU&oNzifh xdwfvefYtHhMo oGm;awmhonf/
]][if ... 'g 'g b,fae&mvJ}}
447
wuúodkvf 0if;<u,f rSJ h&SpfvkH;&Sif odkif;Ouif
csif;csif;u tvefYwMum;yif ar;onf/
]]bmrS rpdk;&drfygeJYuG,f? nDr bmrSrNzpfygbl;}}
,efavmufqefu ysmysmovJyif aNzodrfhpum;aNymonf/
xdkpum;rSm ,efavmufqef\&ifxJrS ay:xGufvmonfh pum;yifNzpfonf/ rdrdu rSJYwaygufrQ
rpGe;f xif;ap&bJ wodro hf rd hf NrwfE;kd pdwNf zifh ud,
k phf w
d u
f ,kd o
f efYum &d;k &d;k om;om; aNymvdu k af ompum;vnf; Nzpfonf/
csif;csif;rSmum; pdwx f wJ iG f wrsKd;MuD; cHpm;vdu k &f onf/ rdr\d ud, k cf E¨mrSm cgwdik ;f ESirhf wlbJ xl;Ncm;aNymif;vJ
aeonfudkvnf; owdNyKvdkufrdonf/
taNctaeudk olNcKHikHokH;oyfMunfhonf/
rnfoYdk NzpfysufEikd o f nfukd pOf;pm;rdaomtcgwGif csif;csif;rSm tMuD;tus,f a'goxGurf o d vdk tvGev f nf;
0rf;enf;aMuuGJrdonf/
pdwfrxdef;Edkifawmh/ csKH;yGJcsum idkaMuG;rdavawmhonf/
xdkokdY idkaMuG;vdkufNcif;u ,efavmufqeftzdkY usmyGwfESifh Nyif;xefpGmt&dkufcH&ovdk emusifapcJhonf/
bmvkyf&rnf rodawmh/
csif;csif;tm; acsmharmhESpfodrfh&rnfvm;/ olr tdyfaepOf wpdrfhpdrfh xdkifMunfhaerdcJhonfudkyif
awmif;yef&rnfvm;/ Asmrsm;um aNcrudkifrd vufrudkifrd Nzpfaeawmhonf/
csif;csif;onf &ifxw J iG f Nynfuh syfvmaeaom a'gopdw?f &Supf w d ?f 0rf;enf;pdww f Ykd ukd tefxw k o f nft h aeNzifh
tm;&yg;& idkaMuG;NyD;aemuf ,efavmufqefudk pdef;pdef;Munfhum at;pufrmausmaom toHNzifhaNym\/
]]uRefr woufvkH; &Sifhudk b,fawmhrSrausbl;? 'Dwoufr[kwfbl;? aemufb0 qufwdkif;qufwdkif;rSmvJ
&Sifhudkrkef;aerSmyJqdkwm aowJhtxd rSwfxm;vdkufyg}}
]][if ... wdkYrSm bmrsm; tNypf&SdvdkYvJuG,f? wdkYu ... wdkYu}}
,efavmufqefonf ]wdkYu nDrudk cspfaerdwmyJ &Sdygw,f? 'gudk tNypfvdkYqdkrvm;} [k aNymvdkufcsifonf/
okdYaomf xdkpum;rsm;udk EIwfzsm;u b,fvdkrS aNymrxGufcJh/ arwåmppfNzifh cspfrdaom &dk;om;olwdkY\ ESvkH;om;rS
tcspfpum;rsm; &kwfw&uf yGifhtefxGufay:vm&ef cufcJonfr[kwfygvm;/
csif;csif;taeNzifh rdrdudkapmfum;cJholonf ,efavmufqefNzpfrnf[kxufum ,ckvdk emMunf;pGm
aNymqdNk cif;Nzpfonf/ &d;k om;í pdwaf umif;&Sad om ,efavmufqefrmS vnf; ,efvefued \ f taumufMuHru I kd rodoNzifh
csif;csif;bmaMumifh rdrdtay:ememMunf;Munf; NzpfoGm;&onfudk em;rvnfEdkifatmif &Sdaeonf/
csi;f csi;f onf ,efavmufqefukd ememMunf;Munf; pum;rsm;qdak eaomfvnf; Nzpfysucf yhJ rHk sm;udk twdtvif;
xkwfazmftNypfwif&efum; EIwfr&J/
þokdYNzifh ,efavmufqefrSm b,fvdkrS aNz&Sif;csuf ray;EdkifbJ rdrdrusL;vGef&aom tNypfwpfcktwGuf
Mum;0ifum tNypfcHae&avawmhonf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif rkqdk;MuD;vdaNymifESifh rkqdk;MuD;,efpdefwdwfwdkY *l0okdY a&mufvmMuonf/
olwYkdEpS af ,mufonf csi;f csi;f &kww f &uf aysmufq;Hk oGm;onft h wGuf pdwyf u l m vdu k &f mS MupOf ,efvefued u f
yg;eyfpGm owif;ay;vrf;NyvdkufonfhtwGuf þae&mokdY a&mufvmMuNcif; Nzpfonf/
]]csif;csif;a& ... csif;csif;}}
vdaNymifESifh ,efpdefwdwfwdkYonf EIwfrStoHNyK&if; rD;wkwfrsm;udk ukd,fpDudkifum vdkPf*lxJokdY
0ifa&mufvmMuonf/
vdkPf*lxJokdY a&mufaomtcg t0wftpm; uydku&dkESifh idkaMuG;aeaom csif;csif;? ab;em;wGifxdkifum
ai;idkifaeaom ,efavmufqefwdkYudk NrifvdkufMu&awmhonf/

448

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen