Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
As been discussed earlier, for a rectangular doubly reinforced concrete beam, the
following equation:
∑F x =0
So, from the above equation, one can easily notice the two terms "0.85 fc' b a"and
"A s' (fs' − 0.85 fc' )".As a result, one would look at the doubly reinforced beam as two
∵ A s1 fy = 0.85 fc' b a
where :
Given:
M ult,max ,b,h, fc', fy
Get : w o (KN / m)
NO
d t ≅ h − 65
fc' 7
fc' > 31.36 MPa
4fy
0.65 fc' ≥ 56 MPa
M ult,max,new ×10 6
1- 1 - 2.36
φ f' b d 2 3 fc' d t
c assume :φ = 0.9 ρ 0.004 =
ρ req = 0.85β 1
fy 7 fy d
1.18 '
fc
A s1 fy
Singly a=
Reinforced 0.85 fc' b
ρ req > ρ min ? a
NO YES Beam c=
YES β1
A s1 = ρ 1 b d
ρ req = ρ min ρ req ≤ ρ 0.004 ?
ρ 1 = ρ 0.004 assume
φMn2 × 10 6
φ 1 = 0.817
A s2 =
φ2 f
y ( d − d' ) NO d' ≅ 65
a
φ M n1 = φ 1 0.85 fc' a b d −
2
Assume
A s,req = A s1 + A s2
φ 2 = 0.9
φ Mn2 = M ult,maX × 10 6 − φ Mn1
d'
600 1 − A s2 fy
c A s,req
'
= Make many bar selections for
fs' = min
f − 0.85 fc'
'
s tension and compression
fy reinforcement
YES NO
case # 2
{ } {
solve : 0.85β 1 fc'b c actual 2 + A s,provided
'
( ) }
600 − 0.85 fc' − A s,provided fy c actual − 600A s,provided
'
d actual ' = 0
⇒ Get : c actual
case #1
3 fc' d t,actual
ρ 0.004,new = 0.85β 1 d'
fs' = fy 7 fy d actual fs' = 600 1 − actual
c actual
YES, case#1
⇒ increase A s' !!
a actual =
'
A s,provided fy − A s,provided (f y − 0.85 fc' ) a actual = β 1 c actual
0.85 f b c
'
a
Mn,actual = 0.85 fc' a actual b d actual − actual
2
'
( '
+ A s,provided fs − 0.85 fc
'
)( '
d actual − d actual) × 10 (KN.m)
−6
7
ρ 0.005,new = ρ 0.004,new
8
7 ρ 0.004,new
φ new = 0.234 + Get : φ new Mn,actual φ new = 0.9
12 ' '
(fs − 0.85 fc )
ρ − ρ provided
'
provided fy
Check
ΦM n > M ult,max
END
Solution:
d ≅ h − 90 = 500 − 90 = 410 mm
d t ≅ h − 65 = 500 − 65 = 435 mm
1.4 1, 4
ρ min = = = 0.0033
fy 420
β 1 = 0.85
3 fc' d t 3 20 435
ρ 0.004 = 0.85β 1 = ρ 0.004 = 0.85 ∗ (0.85) = 0.0156
7 fy d 7 420 410
assume φ = 0.9
A s1 fy 1599 ∗ 420
a= = = 158.02 mm
0.85 f bc
'
0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 250
a 158.02
c= = = 185.90 mm
β1 0.85
assume φ 1 = 0.817
158.02
⇒ φM n1 = 0.817 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 158.02 ∗ 250 ∗ 410 − ∗ 10
−6
2
⇒ φM n1 = 181.61 KN ⋅ m
assume φ 2 = 0.9
φM n2 × 10 6 93.39 ∗ 10 6
⇒ A s2 = = = 716.13 mm 2
(
φ 2 f d − d'
y )0.9 ∗ 420 ∗ (410 − 65)
A s2 fy 716.13 ∗ 420
A s,req
'
= = A s,req
'
= = 805.91 mm 2
f − 0.85 f
s
'
c
'
390.21 − 0.85 ∗ (20)
db,t = 25 mm
s t = max ⇒ s t = 25 mm
25 mm
db,c = 25 mm
s c = max ⇒ s c = 25 mm
25 mm
y t = 32.5 mm
25
d t,actual = 500 − 40 − 10 − = 437.5 mm
2
25
d actual
'
= 40 + 10 + = 62.5 mm
2
A s,provided 2550
ρ provided = = = 0.0244
bd actual 250 ∗ (417.5)
A s,provided
'
1020
ρ '
provided = = = 0.0098
bd actual 250 ∗ (417.5)
{0.85 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 250} c actual 2 + {1020 ∗ ( 600 − 0.85 ∗ 20 ) − 2550 ∗ 420} c actual − 600 ∗ 1020 ∗ 62.5 = 0
or
d' 62.5
fs' = 600 1 − actual = 600 ∗ 1 − = 400.68 MPa
c actual 188.14
a
M n,actual = 0.85 fc' a actual b d actual − actual
2
'
( '
)( '
+ A s,provided fs − 0.85 fc d actual − d actual
'
)
159.92
= 0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 159.92 ∗ 250 417.5 − + 1020 ( 400.68 − 0.85 ∗ 20 ) ∗ ( 417.5 − 62.5 ) × 10
−6
2
⇒ Transition-Region !!
7 ρ 0.004,new
⇒ φ new = 0.234 + '
12 '
(fs − 0.85 fc )
ρ
provided − ρ provided
'
fy
7 0.0155
φ new = 0.234 + = 0.819
12 (400.68 − 0.85 ∗ 20)
0.0244 − 0.0098 ∗
420
∴ φM n,actual = 0.819 ∗ 368.34 = 301.67 KN.m > M ult,max = 275 KN.m ⇒ Safe !!
If you were not so “Comfy” with “ ρ provided = ρ 0.004 = 0.0244 ” (which really, you should not
be !!), increase the compression reinforcement (i.e. A s' ), As we will do now:
A s,provided
'
1530
ρ '
provided = = = 0.0147
bd actual 250 ∗ (417.5)
{0.85β f b } c
1 c
'
actual
2
{
+ A s,provided
'
( ) }
600 − 0.85 fc' − A s,provided fy c actual − 600A s,provided
'
d actual ' = 0
{0.85 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 250} c actual 2 + {1530 ( 600 − 0.85 ∗ 20 ) − 2550 ∗ 420} c actual − 600 ∗ 1530 ∗ 62.5 = 0
or
d' 62.5
fs' = 600 1 − actual = 600 ∗ 1 − = 355.24 MPa
c actual 153.21
a
M n,actual = 0.85 fc' a actual b d actual − actual
2
'
( '
+ A s,provided fs − 0.85 fc
'
)( '
)
d actual − d actual
130.23
= 0.85 ∗ 20 ∗ 130.23 ∗ 250 417.5 − + 1530 (355.24 − 0.85 ∗ 20 ) ∗ ( 417.5 − 62.5 ) × 10
−6
2
7 7
ρ 0.005,new = ρ 0.004,new = ∗ 0.0155 = 0.0136
8 8
355.24 − 0.85 ∗ 20
⇒ ρ 0.005,new = 0.0136 + 0.0147 ∗ ( ) = 0.0254
420
⇒ φ new = 0.9
∴ φM n,actual = 0.9 ∗ 378.75 = 340.88 KN.m > M ult,max = 275 KN.m ⇒ Safe !!
So, when you added an additional compression reinforcement bar, you increased both, the
beam’s ductility and beam’s ultimate moment capacity !!