TUTORIAL 2 SOLUTION OUTLINE

Q1
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds
Let ds = âz ds (i.e. counter-clockwise)
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds = BS = 40 cos(10 4 t ) ⋅ (20 × 10 −4 ) mWb
dΨ
Vemf = − = 0.8 sin (10 4 t ) V
dt
Vemf
I emf = = 0.2 sin (10 4 t ) A (counter-clockwise)
R

Q2
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds
Assume B is in the direction âz , and let ds = âz ds (i.e. counter-clockwise)
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds = BS = 0.2 cos(150πt ) ⋅ (10 × 10 −4 ) Wb
dΨ
Vemf = ∫ E ⋅ dl = −
dt
=> I (10 + 5) = 0.03π sin(150πt)
I = 0.002π sin(150πt) A

V1 = I (10) = 0.02π sin(150πt) V

V2 = -I (5) = -0.01π sin(150πt) V
(voltage polarities are as shown in the question.)

Q3
(a)
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds
µ 0 i (t )
It can be shown* that B = aˆ φ
2πρ

Let ds = âφ ds (i.e. clockwise)

  µ i (t ) 
Ψ = ∫  aˆ φ 0  ⋅ (aˆ φ ds )
 2πρ 
0.15 z0 + 0.10  µ i (t ) 
=∫ ∫  aˆ φ 0  ⋅ (aˆ φ dzdρ )
0.05 z0
 2πρ 
0.15 µ 0 i (t )
=∫ 0 .1 dρ
0.05 2πρ
0.1µ 0 i (t )  0.15 
= ln 
2π  0.05 
= 0.55 × 10 −7 cos(2π × 10 4 t ) Wb

dΨ
Vemf = − = 3.45 × 10 −3 sin (2π × 10 4 t ) V
dt

(b)
Iind = Vemf / (4+1) = 0.69 sin(2π×104t) mA (clockwise)

* Determination of B in homogeneous and isotropic medium due to a long straight wire

carrying a current.

Imagine a circular loop C, of radius ρ, centered at and perpendicular to the long wire, as
shown below.
i(t)

By Biot-Savart Law, H = âφ H(ρ,φ,z,t). (H has only the âφ component everywhere)

By symmetry, H is independent of φ and z. Thus, H = âφ H(ρ,t).
Applying Ampere’s Law over loop C,
∫ H ⋅ dl = i(t )
C

∫ aˆ φ H (ρ , t ) ⋅ aˆ φ ρ dφ = i(t )
C
π 2
ρ H (ρ , t ) ∫ dφ = i (t ) (because the integration is independent of ρ)
0
i(t )
H (ρ , t ) = .
2πρ

i (t ) i (t )
Thus, H = aˆ φ and B = µ H = aˆ φ .
2πρ 2πρ
Q4a
Φ = ∫ B ⋅ ds
S

Let ds = â φ ds (i.e. clockwise if viewed in the âφ direction)

Φ = â y 50x10-3. â y (6×10-4)cos(φ(t)) = 3×10-5 cos(φ(t)).

2πx6 x10 3
φ(t) = ωt = t = 200πt (rad/s)
60
Φ = 3×10-5 cos(200πt) (Wb).
dΦ
Vemf = − = 3×10-5×200π sin(200πt) = 18.85×10-3 sin(200πt).
dt
Vemf
Iind = =18.85 sin(200πt) (mA). (clockwise if viewed in the âφ direction)
1

Iind > 0 Iind > 0 Iind < 0 Iind < 0

Q4b.
From Q4a,
Iemf = 3×10-5 ω sin(ωt) A
1 1
R dt = (3 × 10 −5 ) ω 2 = 0.45 ω 2 nW
2
P = ∫ I emf
2

T T 2

Q5a
Vemf = ∫ (u × B ) ⋅ dl
µ 0 i (t ) 15µ 0
It can be shown that B = aˆ φ = aˆ φ
2πρ 2πρ

Let dl = âρ dρ
  15µ 0 
 ⋅ (aˆ ρ dρ )
0.60
Vemf = ∫  3aˆ z × aˆ φ

0.20 2πρ 
0.60 45 µ
=∫ − 0
dρ
0.20 2πρ
45µ 0  0.60 
=− ln 
2π  0.20 
= −9.888 µV

=> VBA = −9.888 µV (because we integrate from A to B)

Because VBA < 0 , point A is at higher potential.

Q5b
Consider the following geometry
ρB B
40 20
ρA 45°
20
A

By the law of cosines,

ρA2 = 402 + 202 − 2(40)(20)cos(45°), and
ρB2 = 402 + 202 − 2(40)(20)cos(135°).

Thus, ρA = 29.47 cm and ρB = 55.96 cm.

 15µ 0 
 ⋅ (aˆ ρ dρ + aˆ φ ρ dφ )
0.5596
Vemf = ∫  3aˆ z × aˆ φ
0.2947
 2πρ 
0.5596 45µ 0
=∫ − dρ
0.2947 2πρ
45µ 0  0.5596 
=− ln 
2π  0.2947 
= − 5.77 µV

VAB = − Vemf = 5.77 µV (because Vemf = VBA; we integrate from A to B)

Q6
Vemf = ∫ (u × B ) ⋅ dl

u = âφ ρω
Let B = −âz 0.015 Wb/m2
Let dl = âρ dρ (i.e. disk edge at higher potential)

ρ2
Vemf = ∫
ρ1
[(aˆ φ ρω ) × (− aˆ z 0.015)]⋅ (aˆ ρ dρ )
ρ2
= ∫ − 0.015 ρωdρ
ρ1

= −0.0075 ω (ρ 22 − ρ12 )

It is required that
|Vemf| = 0.0075 ω (ρ22 - ρ12) = 5×10-3

Thus,
ρ1 = 2 cm (the smallest dimension allowed)
ρ2 = sqrt(5/(60×7.5) + 0.02) = 17.6 cm

Q7
Ψ = ∫ B ⋅ ds

Let ds = âx ds (i.e. counter-clockwise)

t
y (t ) = ∫ 2 cos(10t )dt = 0.2 sin (10t ) m
0

Ψ = ∫ 0.006 cos(10t )ds

0.2 sin (10 t )
=∫ 0.006 cos(10t ) × 5dy
−10

= 0.03 cos(10t )(10 + 0.2 sin (10t ))

= 0.3 cos(10t ) + 0.003sin (20t ) Wb

dΨ
Vemf = − = 3 sin (10t ) − 0.06 cos(20t ) V
dt
Q8
J = aˆ r J r (r )

With J φ = J z = 0 , in the cylindrical coordinates the divergence is given by

1 ∂
∇⋅J = (rJ r )
r ∂r

Also,
∂ρ v ∂
∇⋅J = − = − ( ρ 0 r cos ωt ) = ρ 0 rω sin ωt
∂t ∂t

1 ∂
Hence (rJ r ) = ρ 0 rω sin ωt
r ∂r

r r
∂
∫0 ∂r (rJ r )dr = ρ 0ω sin ωt ∫0 r dr
2

r3 r
rJ r | 0r = ( ρ 0ω sin ωt ) |0
3

ρ 0 ωr 2
J = aˆ r J r = aˆ r sin ωt (Am-2)
3

Q9
(a) R = d/(σA)
Ic = V/R = VσA/d
(b) E = V/d
∂D ∂E εA ∂V
Id = ⋅ A = εA =
∂t ∂t d ∂t
(c) The conduction current is directly proportional to V, a characteristic of resistors.
The displacement current varies as ∂V/∂t, a characteristic of capacitors. Hence,
the parallel plate capacitor can be modeled as a parallel combination of a resistor
R and a capacitor C, where

R = d/σA
C = εA/d
R C
0.005
(d) R= = 10Ω
2.5 × 2 × 10 −4
4 × 8.854 × 10 −12 × 2 × 10 −4
C= = 1.42 pF
0.005
Q10
Jc = σE
∂D ∂E
Jd = =ε
∂t ∂t

Consider a time harmonic electromagnetic field with E = Eo(x,y,z) ejωt,

J d = jωε E .

It is required that,
Jc σ
= = 10 .
Jd ωε

Thus,
4
f = = 99.9 MHz
2π × 10 × 72 × 8.854 × 10 −12