.. ,.-.

,

: . . . . .~ ~::";:;·:'_':E-h;;.',/,;··r·-. _ _ .

To ensure safety. the designer must be familiar with the way Construction will use

". . ... lifting lugs, lind Construction mU6t be aware of the design IimitlltloOB of the lugs. It is the ,.,':;'. ' -: ~ -. j:';':'_

,~~~l~f§~:;f~~~E~i f=f.f?§JE:~~;::~ ··.·.·.~,'., •. ',·.f.~.,.i .. ~,.! .. )":,r;, ... t.'.~.',·._ ..... ! .• _: ... ,.;; .. :.': .. ;.~.;.,' .• }.

-~~:;~(::,. ::::'<,~~':Conatructlon a.rty In the project 10 establish mulual agreement on methods for .c-: '. -~.:' _

.. ::'::i':~,' .'. ':;;:"?,lIftlng;.~~~ .~I.~~.. .}2,~'it~%:~1~~~~ij~f;~;~:'~i:}~:~'. ',' ·.'f;. (~·i.~:~tlU~~!:~t' ~l:;~~~{.:A', " .. ~~ -

. 2.2 Since the plate-type lifting lug .has very lillie bending strength when loaded per- . '. pendicular to the plane of the plate surface. this standard has been written to avoid this possibiiity. Even though these lugs may only bend (Iue to such loading. they represent a .dillt'nct safety hazard since bending may cause the crane operator to lose control of the _:"":,'-l,~,,, .'. o,;." "-""".':,"1

" load. "., .',.:. 'L~> ;::.:,P .. ·:~"-~i/;~¥jJ:~~1~tfj~~{:;:jS;;~~-j;[f~~~::;:f'>::.; ..

2.3, Large heavy vessels and .. -ohnnna usually warrant special quality check of the lifting

- :-,

lug welds, such 88 dye check. and this should be noted on the vessel

''.-'. -.'~: ': .. '

. ~ .-~ -.'

, :., ~ -

-:,; .

a1 ~ ~ . .- 3.1 ,The basic loading assumption i~' ~h~~ the 'iotal design load shall be 't~~i~e the total ~ C;:;. dead weight of the vessel to be lifted to allow for dynamic loading encountered in moving

o 0 the vessel. .': ',', , "'""'." ::: ·'''·7 "'

'2 CI ; " .. _ ,;:>. - .. ,'.'

8 ~ .. 3.2. For all vertically installed ves~e1s ov~~ 6ft in ~Iiamett'r and ~Il distillation columns. "'-'

..... . · ... the use of II tailing lug or lugs near the bottom of the vessel is reeemmended, Also. it is

3 ~ necessary that the vendor's vessel drawing note that the vessel be positicned for shipment ;; ~ ., 'with the tailing lug at the top of the vessel in the hori:wnhll position, A wire rope sling as

~ - ... a tailing support (Figure 5) al!!O is satisfactory if more convenient or economical than the ~c-.- L

~: Use of II tailing lug. . ,·.C ",' _:,.;., .. ".-" ,,'.(0: . ':':C',:. ;"',,;,:,,i' 'j~-,~\-;::::'" :;_'.-'~'" ..,:.:,,'.;' ..... : .. : .. ~,:._:::,J, j,_t,.·f,.~~.;,::,;:;,·,·.::t>~;-; ..

SU:O".MITTEE "10.;4"'-' ,~ .. '.::.: .. '.'. ?;ff~:>. .. <~~:~f~:~:;~~;·;:~):'~~~:·!:??1;: .. {·~·O' <., -,'_--",:.,

-, :.

;~ -' ~,-

or • ~ -. I

_. For all vesselswher~ .~ ~preader bar not .,' . . '.' '.' angle {~ ('elated to the horizontal plane) he:m d~ee~ ~h~n';noving (afte'r";~~~tion" horizontal positionj and lifting the ve~sel into the fnstalledpollititin. PV <~ :;how~ that a two-leg sling with this :m~legree 'sling -angle:'the t~nsion in f"Bch leg is'~u~l tothe (I~ign load. With tW() lifting lugs: it follows that ~~'ch' s'hackle "'fuf ea~~~ lug will he ; ign~j for '", load equal to' the total desigrll~.uJ ~~'irig\i'~n-~ngle 'of 30 d.;gre'~, - " ....

_~ .; . .::.~ i .. . ~.. .. 1 .:-:~. .~' •.• ,. : •. ,.;_",,~ ._. ::;.'. ~ - .:.. _ .• - -;. .. :-r;;:: .. ~.! ~ . .,.::-i •.. ":_ •. ,

horizontaL'lnspecial cases' where' the ecunomy oL.':'l!img ",-'larger ~~ling angle is .

ifican~";(>ecific agn!e'm~nt b¢tween'Design\,nd Cori~l~i.ion is'n~~s~iyt~tleSi~ for'

largerh~li~g angle. See YY 5 for the }oali persling;i~g for ~ther' .. " '

of ihis st~nda~~rfor;li~~n$forul a~tl~afe 'Io~d for sha~kle~:

;:, ..

rings, .

~, Leg size 'of fillet w~lds attaching ~;'~ts

-:~'i~gsize of 'fillet w~lds' attaching rings

.. :;';;; )'::'::',b" ~.:.<; __ ~,: l~' .~;;::,-.i L~n-i¢. of plate-type lifting lugs; in ;.,~ ,~;;';;!}%j~{7T;;r~!~

;:ff~~:~?~;~~:~1~r:~~~hj~5k~~<~~1I l_~ngth ~fve$sel. n '.: .:;.;; .• ~. !~.¥' ;~.; .. ~':::':, '~&:~~t~~;~fg\t~

.' ~~'$"";:",\;A&~:(i~j~''F'>:f,qt -Leg size of fillet weld attaching trunnion-type to .

. ->'.1-·; .. ·· • ._:::.~·'~:;..::··1:~.~··-~;,;:~...;::;··.· .. : •.... _.. ~ ..... -. : ..... ~.... ._; - ..... ~ ... ,,- .. '.; " .... , ... ~ ...... - .... ,~_,

·:';.;~}'~~i;~;';;~{,,:~f~::~~'{.'.ml ,.. D~pth of bevel weld attaching - trunniori~type . iug t~' shell.

~1~~{~i~i~:~fl\~~n:;~;i:;~~:f;'I~g~f~f~e~II{~wf~~~~:iii';~~'~:~'frl't'tt'jlP!:?'

'!F<'P- Allowable load per lug for plate-type lugs, '

"';~"!?t~~~;~ f;:: .r~:, Wd~. :'<a<h;·::g;d·r~;~Ii~~.jff]O~rcjj;~i~·~~{~g!AP,iia~·:t~~e.;'~ bto§fj~0;-1~~1'~~I~':!~';~~~;l;;;:;-,;t;::~';~f:;;~1:~riJ~~':~_f

,'. ""'"-;,,,. ,'::",/:>- __ '.' .. R - OutSide radius of shell or spherical ~~~Hus 'of head ~here/the <~.7:~ :3" i;~r!]· .. ~~.' ;-;i-f~!·~ ~;~:.~~ ",.~:;~;~ ~~attach ed in '".'-~ :.. ... _,:,~ -, ~ ..... -.,"", ",_ .: -._,"~'\:';'" ' ..... -··;:,~,~ .. -'-·,:"t~,,',J,p!~.'i ';~;:~:":"~~.,.~ ~.~. '.' ,r.:,:..~.< :~_ '.~.,~, .. ,~_.i.',!..:,;'~,:~:·;_;.,.~~·~."'·'·~_".-_' . .:~ r.~.<.';!,;""_, :;;~.:,'_".'~.'.,,: •• "." · •.. ·~f~::.:;",~;,;'(':r:~:;;,~~~!t.;~~;!l j';:;'\:~~:is{j~;lq,:~·:r:"/¥~~(For AS'ME ~lIip~idal h~:d~,~se:" R" - 0.9 <x ~;heit diamet;;:

~~:>.j_;::'\{(_'; Rt::';'Equivalent bearing radius ~(II'plate ,lug' ~~ •. ; '~hell or head, in ,.-,:;.S·:,~.,.:.:;;.~{~.~ . :' ·RIt. -. Radius of hoie in plate-type lifting lug, in :i~:~~i~'~~:,;'-: !~L'_, Inner radius of rotating lifring plate per Figure 11, in

Outer radius of plate-type lifting lug, in - Outside radius of pipe for trunnion-type 'lifting lugs, in _Ro ~_'Oul!;ide r~dius '~frota;ing lifting 'plate pe~'-Figur~ .11; i~ •. ' -_-.·'·.',·C,,·_. ':;'_:,~~L~g:';ize of fillet ~ell aua~hing tr~n~ion-t)~~ iugtosheU:

Depth of bevel weld attaching trunnion-type lug to shell, in

.\.",. .. ~ :'

.,

147

This Page Rev Oct 1979

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

Page 3

F'\ s"
S.
Sr "" .' .. , ~ . f

- ~ - .-,..
-
"i==-?' 01
_. ;=
..-
J.!!::!J ~ ~
r; d: u.1
0 Co
~ .," Q...
~ t!J
~ :: 0 ;E!
0~ u 0;.
.....
l z:. .....
. - 0 ;;e:
~ - C!)
~ ~
.... - :... (!'- ....
r~~ -
0::;
c:l} ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1. allowable' stress in tension for material. psi

Maximum shearing unit stress in shell at trunnion-type lifting lug. psi

•

ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, minimum yield strength for head or

shell (or reinforcing plate if less than head or shell), psi

t" Actual thickness of shell or head where lifting lug is attached, in

tb "" Thickness of plate-type lifting lugs, in

If = Required thickness of plate stiffener on Figure 12, in

t& Required thickness of gussets on Figure 14, in

II< =. Required skirt thickness at tailing lug without reinforci ng rings. In

(includes skirt and any added reinforcing plate)

t[ Required thickness of fixed-end lifting plate for trunnion- type lug, in

1m ... Required thickness of rotating lifting plate for trunnion-type lug, in til "" Required thickness of trunnion pipe per Figure 10, in

to '" Required thickness of trunnion pipe per Figure 11. in

tp Thickness of reinforcing plate added at lug, in ;:-::..~

t, ... Thickness of stiffening ring required to reinforce skirt at tailing lug or shell at lifting lugs, in

t, Required thickness of shell or head where lifting lug IS attached, In (includes reinforcing pad thickness)

v Leg size of fillet weld attaching lifting lug to stiffening rings and gussets on Figure 14, in

Leg size of fillet weld attaching reinforcing plate to sheil for trunnion-type lifting lugs, in

w

W Total weight of vessel or vessel section to be lifted (includes insulation, piping, or

any other item that is attached before erection), Ib

WI"" Total design load including impact [actor o= 2 W, lb (also see 3.1) W2 = Design load per lug .. WI/N, Ib

X Distance from centerline of hole in lifting plate to center uf spacing between rings

on Figure 14, in

r = Width of stiffening ring. in

Z = Section modulus of pipe for trunnion- type lifting lugs. in:1 Z\ Combined section modulus of skirt base rings or ring, in:1

0:: "" Sling angle (minimum 30 degrees to horizontal)

8 Bearing contact angle between lifting plate and trunnion pipe un Figure 11, degrees

4. PLATE-TYPE LIFTING LUGS FOR HORIZONTAL VESSELS

4.1 Number, t.ecano n, and Positlc n o f Lugs

4.1.1 Figure 1 illustrates the arrangement of lugs for heat exchangers and horizon. tal vessels rangi ng in diameter from 2 ft to 9 ft 6 in or with a length less than 3 times the diameter for vessels over 8 ft in diameter. Each lug is designed in accordance with Equations (1) and (2), or Table 1 (see Figures 3 and 4 for lug details). With minimum 0:: of 30 degrees, the design load per lug -- ~2. ,. w. The shell plus reinforcing plate thickness is calculated using Equation (4) .

4.1.2 Figure 2 illustrates arrangements of lugs for horizontal vessels to ft in diameter and larger or with a length greater than 3 times the diameter. Each lug IS

Page 4

This Page Rev Oct 1979

148

SG 4 C

.

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND D.STILLATION COLUMNS

."

designed in accordance with Equations (1) and (2). or Table 1 (see Figure 3 for lug

_ details). Using 2 lugs at each end of the vessel as shown on Figure 2A usually will be lower in cost than the arrangement shown on Figure 2C, unless an appropriate spreader bar already is available. A vessel with Figure 2A lugs will require more reinforcing at the lugs than a vessel with Figure 2C lugs, but normally this will not exceed the cost of the special bar required.

4.2 Design of Plate-Type Lifting Lugs

4.2.1 The allowable load. P, for each lug shall be calculated as follows, using the minimum value of Equation (I) or (2):

+

_ • Ib

0.76 (Rt + Rh)

(Rt - RJi

'"'= -,

P

0.33

1

If Rh -3 RI this equation becomes P

(la)

lO.4(d + 0.5)

l + 1.0

.Ib

-'-'~

_ .: -. (2)_

~-~-' ..

P

These two equations for standard lugs per Figure 4 reduce to:

Figura 4A Lug P - 0~81 5,,1(,

P - 0.855"th

Figure 48 Lug P =- 1.15 5"th P ~ 1.271 5"lb

From Equation (1) From Equation (2)

4.2.2 It is evident that for Figure 4 dimensions, Equation (I) governs the minimum value of P; but above the d values of Figure 4, either equation may govern P depending upon the values of -d and l, The minimum P for Figure 2C lugs always is governed by Equation (1). These maximum allowable loads are based upon the maximum combined bending and direct stress at Sections A-A and B-B shown on Figure 3. Tear-out shear is not a controlling stress for the dimensions shown on Figure 3. For further explanation of these stresses, see DY8A.

r Two plate lugs

/ ,_ on veslIel centerline

l.

(RecornJTNOded A - 1 It 10 O.2L-)

FIGURE 1 - LUG ARRANGEMENT FOR HORIZONTAL VESSELS (D - 2 A 10 9 A 6 In. L < 3 D for D Owr 8 A)

ZI\
:E=?J 01
..... ;:
'~ <C 0-
0 eo:. w
~ cq 0 =
S_'"2 0-
ct: (.!J
(-: 0 z:
~ u a::
....
'l ,~ z >SJ
0 %
~3 - ~
- 21
--
C!'_ ....
0::
all 149 •

r'

This Page Rev Oct 1979

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTlLLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

f

A. r Spreader

/" bar

cT=7

L

I FI.:o<TVT>ended 8 .. O.2D)

(Recoll1m4nded B .. 0.20)

(Re<XImmended A .. 1 It to \I.U)

A<;Iur. 2A - SUn<;l with Min a: .. W

FI<;Iur. 28 - Allernate Lug Orientations

Figure 2C - 511no with ~>~, Spread.r Bar

Check ahell Ihlckl'l ... per Equallon (4b). Oeai9n load per lug .. IV, - IV/2

Check .hell thlckn ... ~r Equlliion (48), OMlgn Ioed per Jug - W, - WI2

AGURE 2 - LUG ARRANGEMENTS FOR HORIZONTAL VESSELS (D ~ 10 Ft or t: 2: 3 D and Using One Crane at Each End)

Shell or he8d

Min d .. 2'/2" (adjust this lor insulation where necessary)

Not.: Any combination 01 R[. lb. and d should no! exceed (RI + d l/Ib .. 20.

Min weld n .. '/4"

Not.: I should be a_1 least 2R l but may 00 increased 10 4R I in order to decrease the stress in Ihe shell and avoid the cost of addin'} a reinforcing pad.

AGURE 3 - STANDARD LUG DIMENSIONS AND NOMENCLATURE

Page 5

SG 4 C

. LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

This Page Rev Oct 1979

Page 6

/'

'150

~

,~..,

, I "tI

r-"i'~--""''''''''''---f_l

L

4.2.3 A practical load range for each of the standard lugs shown on Figure 4, using steel with an allowable stress 5" = 13,700 psi, is giv~n in Table 1. Fur other mater-ials use a stress ratio to obtain an allowable load P.

-.' ~.

.'

t ; 5%"

.1

.1

FIGURE 4 - RECOMMENDED STANDARD LUGS TABLE 1 - ALLOWABLE LOADS AND WELD SIZE

FOR STANDARD LUGS PER FIGURE 4

Equation (1) Controls for the .. Values of l and d with l - 2R1
Equation (2) Controls the Value of P liS follows:
Flgure 4A. for d > 2¥, ..
Flgure 48, for d > 4"
Fl..,.ur. 4A Lug Flgure 4S Lug
I b (In) P (lb) Il (In) tb (In) P (Ib) n (In)
V4 2, no '/4 '12 -'7.900 %
0/,6 3,470 V4 % 9,850 1/'6
% 4.160 5/'6 0/4 11,820 'ob
'l',6 4,850 '1'6 % 13,790 s/s
% 5,550 % 1 15,760 "/1I!
% 7,000 7/'6 1'/4 19,690' % • Above till! value. the hole In the lug must be Increased to allow lor shackle pin diameter 01 over 2 in. Larger capacity lugs should be designed per Figure:) dimensions. Use shackie with pin diameter '/8 inch less than Ihe lug hole diameter. See Table 3 for maximum shackle loads.

4.2.4 The required weld size, It, for the allowable lug loall, P = Wt• shall be .. calculated as follows:

, in

(Note: :vtinimwn It ,. 'I~ in)

n ,.

where the allowable stress, 5", is that uf the weakest material. joined.

4.3 Calculation of Required Shell Thickness for Load Transferred to Shell by PlateType Uftlng Lug

4.3.1 The shell thickness should he t"stahlish"d first on the hasis of pressure or other process lmilling requirements, The required thickness of the shf'1I at the lug then should be calculated per Equatiofl (4). If this calculated thickness f')u;(·e.l'l the actual thickness, three methods can he used to remerly this condition, Thcy are: (a) use a (unger lug base dimension. l; (b) use a reinforcing plate. or (c ) a comhination of both (a) ;,In,1 (b). The dimensions of the reinforcing plate "hail he l.Si parallr- til the lug and 0.751.

= --

. 151

LIFT1NG LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

This Page Rev Oct 1979

Page 7

perpendicular to the lug. The thickness. lp. shall not be less than the larger of lp = 0.751" or lp "" (0.79 W2/5,) '12; and lp need not be greater than the larger of lp = 1.25 I" or I =- (O.79Wq/5 )'12. However, the allowable plate thickness added tu the "dual shell

p ~ ,

thickness to equal the value I, in Equations (4), (4a), and (4b) shoul d not exceed 1.25 I".

The required fillet weld size to attach the reinforcing plate to the shell ur'head shall be O.Sn but not less than If" in. The required thickness uf the sheH at the lug for Figure 1 lugs mall be calculated as fullows:

(4)

. '

Note: R [ is the equivalent radius of the lug cross section at the shell-lug cuntact plane

and for a plate-type lug, R[ = 0.644 ({biZ) '13. _ .

The required thickness of the shell for the Figure 2A lug arrangement shall be:

(4a)

4.3.2 The required thickness of the shell for the Figure 2C lug arrangement shall

be:

t =(0.312$ W2)"/1 in

s 5 R '

, E

(4b)

4.3.3 EXAMPLE 1 - Use of Section 4 Equations and Recommendations. The following tank has been designed using SA-SIS Grade 70 steel (5, = 38,000) and tank shell and head thicknesses each are ¥4 i!lo resulting in a total weight of 24,000 lb.

t

L - 25'

Since L > 3D, use Figure 2A and Figure 2B for the number and position of the lifting !Ug5; therefore, use 2 lugs at each end. Then. W 0: 24,000 lb, WI = 2W = 48,000 lb, and design load per lug Wz '" 48,000/4 = 12,000 lb. Since there is 2 in of insulation on the tank. a d value of 41f2 in for the lug should be satisfactory. Using a Figure -l B lug, the values P = 13,760 Ib and tb =- Tia in from Table 1, per Equation (1), may be used. However, the 'Equation (2) value must be checked since d > 4 in. Using Equation (2) and a S" ,. 13.700 psi material:

1.5( 13,700)( Tfs) (6.375)

l" [10.4(4.5 + 0.5) ]-

l.0J 6.375 + l.~

12.518 lb

SG 4 C

• J 52

Page 8

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

This Page Rev Oct 1979

Therefore. since P is greater th a n W2• the 1fa. in thick lug to Figure 4-8 w ill be satisfactory but with the following weld size:

n-

(Use IYI6 in)

6.8(12,000)(4.5)

:;;; ,.. 0.660 in

(6.375)2(13.700)

The required thickness of the shell at the lug should be che1:~d for allowable stress using Equation (4a) alj follows:

Froin 4.3.1:

-·r",

'/3 - 0.644(% X 6.3752)

In -

.. ~~.

.~' -, ..

"" 2.118

Using Equation (4a):

. ':.::-~~ -

.... ,.-

... [0.415.,}48 L 38,000

2f3

(2.60(12.000)(4.: + .0.5) + -O.75(12,oom\1

. . (2.l1Sf . 2.11S )J

... 2.058 in

Since i. is larger than i" "" 0.75 in, a reinforcing plate of 2.058 i~ minus 0.75 In "" 1.308 in or Pll6 in is required. This exceeds the perrnissihle maximum (1.25l~), therefore the lug length, l, must he increased. Selecting l :: 9.5 in, which is within the maximum permitted by Figure 3 (l = 4Rj), t. 2a 1.476 in and a reinforcing plate thickness of % in is required. From 4.3.1, the plate thickness may not be less than the larger of 0.75l~ ,. 0:5625 in or (0.79 W2ISy) V2 "" 0.500. Select lp ... 3,14 in. The weld size for the 1 - 9.5. in long plate is:

_'

n

6.8(12,000)(4.5)

= 0.297

(9.5)2(13,7~)

(Use S!t6 in weld for the lug to

In reinforcing plate arid 0.5n or V4 in minimum weld for attaching reinforcing plate to shetl.]

5. PLATE-TYPE LIFTING LUGS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS

5.1 Number, Location, and Position of Lugs

5.1.1 Vessels 18 In to 10 Ft Diameter

5.1.1.1 Vessels in this size range should have two lugs on the top head and normally do not require a tailing lug on the shell. Usually these vessels can be shipped either in the horiwntal or vertical position unless they are longer than 5 ft. When shipped in the horizontal posirion, the two lugs should he aligned on a vertical axis as indicated by Figure 5. These vessels .may be rested on the bottom head or supports when rotated to the vertical position as long as there is no possibility of damage. The better method is to use a tailing cable attached at one of the supports that has been checked to carry the tailing load. The design load for each lug on the top head is W2 - W.

-

.,'!:

/

300

·."r-': .. :

this Page

.;.~~.f! .

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS

'. -:"; r-:

753

....•.....

~ :.,

. . ~. ;'~.

.......

: +.~~.. . .~~.: : :": .

.: '.' .... ,.

To laiUng crane

... ~

~.' .:

". -:..-,:.

Sleave

.. :' .

Minimum 10 clear head seam

----+T-----

.. , .. ~

trunnion .or side lug.

See Detail A

. .. : .. -

Radiu3 at O.37SD

..... ;.: t- .:

~ .. - ,

45' typical

I

I !

i5\
(§J c:::M
-I ;::
....
y./J ~ ~
IQ
:) 0 Q.
.~ ~-} 0-
0::: (!)
~ c/: 0 ;!!
~ U 0;:
.....
;O!: .....
.(.~ 'i) 0 Z
.'""'~ - c:I
:r= z
c.:J ~ .....
0::::
CDJ 1 Floor or

shipping vehiCle

Flgur. 6A - Ve .... In Horizontal Posilion on Shipping Vehicle

FlGURE 6 - LUGS FOR VESSELS OVER 10 FT IN DIAMETER (CaNTO ON PAGE 10)

e

_-!.".r

recommended), _

-,'!rfg!: i:i~~'i£~~:~

-"">"': >.~. .

. ."~i " .. --' ..."" . ":1,;;!~;l\I~~

. : :"':. ',: ,_:- c', '_~ __ .'" Detail" - "It.,nlll Lug AlTln;enMnU _ -. _

_ ._".

= ",

~'-, 0.(' •• : ........ :..- ...... -.. '.::~.-

::, "'; -

- ".-

';-.-'"' .

- .-:~.': ::;_~ __ -r~ t'"-. ~ '\. ~.« :/;1"'".- ..

: ... _:.;:: --:.-

. ~ -

::-.'":,-."10--.

••• "p-~_

< ....

, .-'~

- t. 't

.~ , .-"";.. - .

, -,

-r; ~ i:~"~::~~0~;i~;~c:~-_'~ _'~~~J~~th:<~)-:::-_-.,

. _

,,~- ~ -: ' ..

. 5.1.2.1 Vt'S~ls in this !lize range U8~l1y are lifted by two cranesdepending upon thei~ size and weight. If the weight of the vessel is under SO,OOO Ib and has a length, L, .

>: " ." .'. '.It'S!! than twice the diameter, D, it is best to U!Ie the recommendations described in 5.1.2.2 . .. --.':\~::~::1~:';+::;·r H the Vessel exceeds these size and weightvalues, it is reco~mended that it be moved and

, 1·.~·":,,, .... i"'_~~ ..... ::;'''''.- ~ '. '_ ., ' .• " • ,

'; :~~;;E"::<"""'/~':';~::erected in accordance with section 6 requirements covering distillation columns and heavy

. _J~~~~1~i;iH;u F~ _I. ~"th: ","iwil:::'t~:~1~.f.~ plate-type I ugs on the

",:,-,:;:~~-~:~~':.~~/:::~~: top head plus a tailing lug 8fJ shown on Figure 6. are recommended. Each lug on the top :~~;~,~:e5%~fU:~"'head shall be designed for a load W2 - W/2 and the tailing lug shall be designed for load ,~u;.t;ri~':-::'iS':W2 .., W. Since the most economical way to support such tanks when illSt~lIed outside the

/,:,,,.:,,~, building is on legs made from wide-flanged beams. often it is convenient to attach the

.. --~/;;t·:,:{:taHing lug lothe web of the beam and thus take advantage of the improved stress "':",

·;~~i~r~ffE;;~~i~;;~;::: :~i1i£~!::~~~'~i~f~t~~1~;\&~,@c~;~~

';:'~/,~_,_' .. r ·T:>:c~r5.2.1 The allowable load, P. per lug for all cases covered in 5.1 shall be calculated . - " - ,.

" ',c, ,c':' per Equati~ns (l) and (2) and the least value of P obtained shall be equal to or ~xceed the

" :de,ign ~oad ,.:~,:,;_I:~~ .. ,.W2. . ", ':f!:;;";,~~:;·';;:Y/:Z~~i;tg~i:~' ",::\::':::~~~~,;:{.:\, '·:':'~':,~~;~~~X·:if~2jr~~t::::,:;. ,

:~;;X:~:;:'~:2.2 To calculate the -~quir~d shell thickness for load transferred to'the shell or

head by plate-type lifting lugs, the basi~ procedure described in 4.3 for horizontal vessels shouldbe followed, After selecting the appropriate lug design _load, W2• from 5.1 for the C8fJe in question, use Equation (4) to detennine the required shell or head thickness, l., at

the lug. Note that for the tailing lug. the value of R used is the radius of the shell. whereas

for the top head lugs, R is the dish radius of the head. • ... '

155

~ ~ '_ - .~:.. .~~. '

r

... _,

. UFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS " 'AND DISTILLA 110N COLUMNS

~I. Page Rev Oct 1979

. .. ~:' ; ~

- .. '. .~" __ .

;-_-

5.2.3 EXAMPLE 2 - U •• of Section 4 Equations and Section 5 RecommendationL Given the following storage vessel designed for pressure and temperature . ,~ conditions; D - 10 ft. L - 15 f1, Va in shell with ;y. in thick heads of Type 304 stainless . :8te~1 (Sf - 30~~ .psi). total weight - 20,~OO lb. and top head dish radiu~ .. 114 in.

.~;"'_ 1 I;' _._ . - .". . .. .;,.I.~ _' . .- -. '. .' _ ,: _, - .. -;, __ . __

Sin~ this vessel falls under the size range covered in 5.1.3 and Figure 6 details, four top head lugs and a tailing lug are required. The design load for each of the four top head lugs is W2 - W/2 - 10.000 lb. Since the vessel is not insulated, the Figure 4 lugs are satisfae •

. tory. The Figure 4B lug with tb - ;Y. in and an allowable load P - 11.790 Ib will be adequate for W2 ... 10,000 lb. Determine the required head thickness at the lug using

Equation (4): ',<.. '." .'

1/3 - .

' .. R£ ... 0.644(tbi 2) .. 0.644(0.75 X

. ' .'
;:Bt
§?) 01
- t=
""'"'
'Y!.:!J ct: 0.-
~ ,.._j
.0 0 0
~ c a..
a:: t!:I
-:::1 c' 0 ~
-t.,.!) , ,- c..> ii.
....
~ z:: ...
0 z::
.-~-\ - (!J
~ a
,.-",. C!J_ -
;~~~ -
~
.-. COJ
"'
.-- ..
- ............ -~-.....- -- --~':"---

- 2.012 in

; ':.~".'

_[0.415%4 (1.734(10.000)(3.5 + 0.5) +" o.75(lo,ooo~'1¥3

L 30,000 (2.012)2 2.012 )J

- 2.117 in

Since this would require a reinforcing. plate thickness of 2.133 in minus 0.75 in - 1.383 in. greater than allowable (1.25 t~ - 0.9375 in), select another value for I and repeat the calculation. When I .. 9.5 in. tj.- 1.542 in. The Figure 4B lug may be used with I - 9.5 in and with a reinforcing plate 1;Y16 in thick. 14.25 in long, and 7.125 in wide. The reinforcing plate material may be steel with a yield strength equal to the head

.~

'---------------_._--- .

.. ~ ~

",r.o·'

.: .' ~.' ~

, .. :.

...... - -.

- ~- .p~ ...

.. ' ~Other 'Plata- Type LlftlngLug Arrangementi. Pia t~-tupe' " \': ":' :' '~>, sometimes are used by vendors but are not recommended by this' standard for' the .,',:':.<~D:i:,~,::c'following reasons: (1) The lugs must be used with a spreader bar to prevent loading ~th ,~':;::',\c}~I:'~ the lug and 'shackle in a direction not parallel with the plane of the lug and shackle. ' ,:,;i\;:,:.:~J;c_'("(2) the fit- up' for welding between the lug and ~heU usually 'is poor;'resulting in cracks in

",_'::i':t'~:~;~;::}~;the weld, ~nd (3) itgus5ets are used on pressure' vessels, additional stesses 'result'whe~ the ',(:tL~,:~:'>i,.';;vessels are pressured. Furthermore, the trunnion-type lugs described in section 6 are much ":=~,' :;;-"~'\~"" 3'more efficient in carrying the lug load and transferring it to the shell. ~)'''::i't.~;,fk;:!(i, . ~~~t;~:~~;~~;~:·;~:~~:;:~~·~: \., .~~·~\:k~~{:t~;~;~·~:;·~·.~·~ =: ~: .. :~- ~.;.~:.~-_,-.- ,. -.;~, ... .: : .. ~~~~.~N~- ... - :r':;~~ -,: ..' .s.. .. - _. _ : .-;:~ >: .:~ .. -~- .' ·,: .. :~~~~:~·~:~~~:;;f~;~S:~~- ~_. ,'\~';F,:,,,\~,::;,~:~!;However ~ if Figure 1, ~ugs already are, on atank, they may be checked ~y the following _

-:'~'~~'~~:(~~f~?,;~.~dure: ""'" '" ~ , _ , \;~~,'!:;<2.:r~~£k~¥~~~;i6. ~~'"~'Si'!.";'~'ii~-~,;:;.:,~:',,'§j'.~:

.:~i~~S'~.,:,:;~;;',:::,:;\,Oteck the lugs for allowable l;"d.P,.,\vil,~ Equations (1). and (2). using d as shown on the '",~~~<'::"r,,:j-"<~:tfigure in place of the quantity (d -t,O.S)_ in Equation (2). Compare the minimum P with , :t:'L,;""'>;~':';:the lug design load W2 - W. Check the stress in the attachment weld and the shell f~r the

_ ,:;:f:'_" ;" ';,~·':':.:;direct load W? and the moment ~W2d if the tank is to be rotated. ~>:'." . . .~

>::~.:S~V£·~-~~~~'t _, ~,?t~,~ii~k:,,·· . '.: .: ".,", . _ :_':.:;~',:~2~K~.:·:: """", " >,~.'_-';~:,'~ .. ,'~:' ,_ .. ,'",,,,.\,,,,,"_~.'.!c,.,'

... :.:;::_.- ". :", ~ .. - .. - .'-':'- ' ... ;

"

' ....

'7- ~_

, Top head

' ... -.

r,

··'f ';~';;~1j~

& "'.", •• ,- -~

~"";. . .: . ~.

; -~~~;.~

, ~~ .. ~.,.

.'t~~~_( .

...... -

157

._-,. "

.~ :_i .~.

f

.", .. "

.. , "'," . .:.LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS "'.·AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

.-_-·;".'i·

This Page Rev Oct 1979

-'~". : •... -

6. TRUNNION~TYPE LIFTING LUGS FOR DISTILLATION COLUMNS AND HEAVY VERTICAL REACTORS

~.::'~.~~;", <,"- ',' .' - ." ~:;.' '.~.:"- :" 6.1 . Number, Location, and Position 01 Lugs

""J-.

-~ .:' .

SG 4 C

..

< '<.>'", 6.1.1 Figures SA and 88 show the recommende-d lug positions when shipping and

.. erecting columns and long vertical vessels. Details for recommended tailing and trunnion-

,:< .. ...... ,. ,.,:type lugs are shown on'Figures 9~ 10, and 11. .

::': ;: .. ;~~~;:~~~.~·.~~~~·~~,>~;"r':i._.:.~.-_:_..::· .. ~, .. , .. , ,_ - ~-:: - _ .

::::::',;~{~;,:~:.{'·:,<"N~t~:'· The equations in this standard for sizing lugs, trunnion parts, and column ··~5,!:.'.; .. : ,:'shell thickness are based on the maximum reactions of the column in the horizontal

';';:c;~~X:~:i~!':c;~,'POSition with the arrangement shown on Figure SA. This analysis assumes a column ": ,>.'::'·;'~~\;):;:';::.With uniformly distributed weight along its length and with the tailing lug at the base :;;f:~;'4~~}j~:,;:~',;:,';~and the trunnions at the top Of within 0.2L from the top. Since the total design load is . ~.;;~L~:;::::(~';~"i:·~:2W, this arrangement results in maximum possible load reactions ot W at the tailing

.. ': ,.,"," '" lug and 1.25 W at the trunnions (see 4.1 In DY8A). If the column weight distribution is :_\(' ;'.:"::J':not uniform or the trunnions or tailing lug do not fall within these limits, a beam ",;:.:. " •. r : ,: analysis shall be made to determine the actual reactions. Since an impact factor ot 2

:.~/~~,::::...-~:, - "!::::

.',',';.d., · .• ;,.,.~:already Is included in the equations for the trunnion and shell thicknesses, the BC-

~~~f~:{;,.~,,;,{;i.:(,tual reactions shall be used In 'this standard as follows for the design of column In :'·<~;:~t::~. ,. . .. horizontal position only, when the weight Is npt close to an e,ven dis~ributlon:

~<.:;~~~-.~:'_.~'~::. . - .v-l.:'·/~' -_." ~~_ - _\'0'" <.. - ~.,_, ~Y~., • ~ " ~~, __ , ~

-'/;:;~-Tailing Lug. Allowable Load. P, for lug by 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 should be equal [0

,_,

"_ -._

"~~.' .'. - .'

.. -'- ~

Zll

o

-~ cl: a..

~ ~ o Q 0...

0:: t!' (:) z: u ii:

u.I z: .... OiC

- ~ ~ . C' __

0::1

I.'DI

; Page 13

-:"-,

~'. '. '

"';',

, twice the actual weight reaction at the lug. In Equations (17) and (18). use actual reaction at lug for W. .-

b. Trunnions. The value of . (10), (16), and (24).

be used for W in Equations (5). (Sa), (7), (8).

; .~ .,' .."

.' : Actual total weight reaction on both trunnions

W'"" .

. ':._- ~ ': .

1.25

6.1.2 The trunnion-type lugs at the top allow the column to be rotated from the horizontal position to the vertical without twisting the shackle or the trunnion plate to which it is attached. This same arrangement can be used to lift individual sections of the column if it cannot be lifted in one piece .

.. . _. 6.1.3 Trunnion lugs usually are-located close to the top of the column to avoid interference with nozzles or platforms during the rotation and lift. Most columns will not be overstressed by this arrangement, however, they should be checked for bending between the points of support (trunnions and tailing lug). The cables should clear by I in any

obstructions passed during the rotation and lift. .-1

.. ,'

'0.1.4 'i he tailing lug should be placed on the skirt at the top of the base rings in order to use the stiffness of these rings. If the skirt has only anchor bolt chairs without rings. then the tailing lug can be placed farther up on the skirt and reinforced with a plate

or rings if required. . ,

6.2 Selection of Trunnion-Type Lifting Lugs. The Figure 10 trunnion design is preferred for a single column lift since it is more economical and easier to apply the rigging. The Figure 11 trunnion with a removable lifting plate (Detail A) is more economical than the Figure 10 design when the lifting plate can be used on several columns or column sections. The Figure 11 trunnion with a welded end plate is economical only if the lifting plate is used on several co lumns by cutting off the end plate after each lift. The Figure 11 trunnion may be used with cable slings around the trunnion pipe but is not recommended except on small (under 50.000 lh] columns where the cable is properly lubricated (0 prevent abrasion and erratic movement during rotation to the vertical position.

--'tfl~~f~?~f~Z~;:;~~~i:;~~~~~.

f~A>·;,;:,;.··¥:>.'S;'ThI. Page- Rev Oct 1979

.e ,

. ~ -~ ~

'~"'" ~ -~, _' -s, ,'-,1.'~

.. " ~ ...

I ~ _',

To lailin'] crane (shown 90 degreesout 01 trIJ. position)

.. ,~- ...... " ......

__ ,-c __ '10"'. Tailing lug above base

Tailing Tug at eese (S88 Figure 9, Detail BJ

... (see Figure 9. Oetai. A) .. ~ .:._ 'I .. .. .~.~~~.~~:::.

~:',~"~;~i": :::~£~ : ~Ei~~~:~:~:'~:~::':~::E~~~: POsmON" F~; ~~:~M~;~':;';~;:~~:;

__ ....... -~ ... F_. ...... , _~;' ... r _

". '. r

~ ;:',.i~_

:-.~ .. -~-:-:~-..

'_". ..

.. ;;f':, .7~ :~- ~

..... ~ ..

;~1';_'-:, .

~~:~;~\

-;1~~~~~i_

~t"

• :~':::.!o~',-:: .. ~ __

~?~\.:~~'~~~~~~-~{:.~~ ..

).~ ,

-1~;\;-

", ::~ ... _:.~ ..

or. -.r ... ,

-- ,

_ .

. -.':.,.:

sa 4 C

"-, "._ .

"- LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

Page 15

This Page Rev Oct 1979

~ -. :-

,.L

"

-,.,'!',

"._ ~'\:.>-:~~f::)., ~~', -<5~~~~--a

gusset plate between rings

- .; ,:and in lina with tailing IU9, Gusset thickness to be equal

- to that of tailing Jug ',--

r' :.:._

_'- .

R h (1 '/2" min for a shackle . pin diameter of 2V." using _Table 2 loads, For greater

. loads, hole size and plaia dimensions must be calcu-

lated for specific toad

t

vertical) - W

lilting

reinforcing plate

Min space so that shackle clears column by 1"

JAf,j 2R D5D

Not.:

tp min - 0.75la

max - 1.25!a

Plate radius - 2R Tl

',- -~. "

DtU.GHTON .aGINHRING DEPT

'.

'-

FIGURE 10 - TRUNNION·TYPE LUG WITH LOAD CARRIED BY AXED END LJFTING PtATE

'. . <[QJ!D]l>

.. ~

section for the 4'/: in

Use shackle with pin diametar '/. in lees than Ihe lug hole diameter or for Table 2. use a 2'/2 in Shackle from Table 3 with a pin diameter .. 2'/4 in and a sate load per shackle 01 45.100 lb. which Is $8tisfactory lor a vessel W .. 90,200 Ib

".':: -, - ,- ..._.

,_"_,'

-. .-' -.~ ~-:: -

,- e ,

. _. ',y',:", 6.3.2 Section Modulus and Area of Trunnion Pipe. Determine the ,':'~':::-·tmodulus. Z. of the trunnion pipe using the highest value of Equation (7) or (8) '-:-~",:J.""" horizontal position, and Equation' (9) for the vertical position. Since f - R" + .;.

. minimum. a value for R" must be assumed,

_. -~ ". .'.2-

,',

,,- ~~ .. ;'.-,

,:. "~_r~_:- ""-

'. '~.

-_';:-':""

161

r

.~ " ,"

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS " AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

I.:.: .

This Page Rev Oct 1979

'.;',' Page 17

By maximum shear theory:

-,>

- - , '~',

• :t In

(7)

" ~~\ . '-. -.BY maximum normal stress theory:

1.25"

;~.;

-,
--;;;~ W
o·
-
j.J ~
~ ~ ~
COl: u;t
~_:1 0 Q
a..
0::: UI
:=:j 0 Z
~ u iii:
~
~.-- z: ....
0 Z
.-' ~ .' I-- ~
~ III
~~ C!:J _ .-
Q;::j
«.II The pipe area required

. '-'-.

",- . ,.-

...... ..

The pipe size selected shall be that required to' satisfy the maximum Z and A Equations (1), (8), (9), and (9a).

," r : <" "~."~~~~', .:

6.3.3 Size of Weld, P, Between End Plate and Pipe

. Colwnn in horizontal position; ",>!: O.~82 w'(' .i. + 1.0)

" '." _ ,R~

,~: ..

;- , ~~ :-"'~ . : ;~

._, ~'.

:,_:,_ . ,

in

(IO)

p

Column in vertical position:

(11)

~.-: .. :. '. .:~

0.45 W

• in where Sa "" least allowable stress of the . end plate or pipe

p

.. ---

The minimum weld, p. shal] be the greater of Equation (10) or (11) but not less than % in. Maximwn allowable p 2t~. If p by these equations exceeds 211" increase In to

0.5 p.

6.3.4 Weld Sizes. From the pipe size determined in 6.3.2, use the wall f hicj-ness. til' to calculate weld sizes zn, 1Il1' and r connecting the pipe to the shell or shell reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate to the she l l:

ml 0.8 I", but not less than Y4 in

m 1.1141~, but not less than % In

, In' but not less than Yij in

fol' shell 5" lower than pipe 5". muiliply the calculated weld sizes by the higher stress ratio,

':~:~ becomes ell-

ring '12:' thiCk:i~~~""';;:_:'ali'I':A.'.~"; .

. <;Xrrunnio~ ~i~'thi~k'~e~'~ , ..... -.J -- ....

-'~~."f _.-~~y; ~r:')",: r; r. : :;'__~-:/~:;:~;:<~:~!~f:};:.;r~;~·";k·;' ;~~;: ,"J;.." /,1 ~f:t}~,~{.: ;-~":")f"'~.~t~\-'i'i!;:

Not.: Recommended Hi, '''''RIJ +'16': but never greater than 0.9 times the radius

.c'-';'~" f,,:\-::;~:::,::c~d~;E~~~-~~:~UNN~~-TYPE l~G wl;;~~~h;~C;RRIED BY CABLE SUNG

.. ' " AROUND TRUNNION PtPE OR BY ROTAnNG UFnNG PUll!

.-"1_.'.

".-. &.",'.'

Oesi~n of Figure 11 lifting Plate and ~r'unnlon ~".>f:.j~4~i~~"· c, ,6.4.1 Design of Trunnion Pipe. Calculate the ;ection modulus. Z. of the trunnion ; .:':'.;:-: ',,:": pipe using Equation (9) and the metal area. A. using Equation (9a). Select Z and A values

::!_ ':0' _;' \;~;~;:; from a pipe - fitting catalog or calculate these values using a I of not less than standard ""

";~~;~~:,;~f~:!::':;c;r:n! ;;:)~ values used shall be ",,~,'~O' ~,:.~.;:.nili_ Ob:t b~,;,.,.~!_;.t,J~ .. ~,I~,~_l,~.:., - ~.':'

·i?;9'/;x~:;>~~,;~~~~;,t:~.4.2 Design of lifting Plate, The required thickness of the rotating plate shall be ' .. ,,'-~/:;;.f~::-~.:~~

__ '." .. ,:::~',: ... ~ .. '.~.,~ .. ,'~:~_, - -_:::'.'.:"','.~"~,~.:,.,.':~",-,~.'_t.i.~,·,>,~.:,':·~:_:.:~.:,,,::":"~'~""'~'~':",'.'~~.: .. ~ .. ,:.,~".h_,; 5:t::: :~ :.e following: , ", ,,'>~:;:;.'J::-r; +ii'q*;J~~~;~l;~~.~···?, . +:-~ t·t:;~[.~ff~~~;~~~·':';,~_!~~}:';, !:~~1~~

:\C;-:.~- ... wf 033 .. ~.' 0.76(R. :.~JJ ""~;1~~{t~~~.':i_'/~l51~~rrX~~~~l

;~"i: st ~nd"d ~~~~,:,~,':; ~.~~' 2. ,.'~ " ':~·:";~~'i"n'1;~.<E·.,.:.~·;~";:,-'~f~if

---.-~. .; - ~.,. - .. ~_:'--'~'~~-'

0.76(Ro +R~,,·)R.ft_i)J .~",;,~;\,,\:.,_~::;./{~,~,.~ "

, '<;~,~'_, ,'~'" .. -, -"':~,~ . ;<:~~f.~:~{.

"(R(),~ ,..,;" -.,;.,> ','>' .. (I3) . ,,'~: -',

~ .. ~~~)~~ili!J~r:.~~:;~~. .. ,. '.~, ':: ;:*};~:::~.'

-'-~~~~~'!.~~'

'. :--:' ~ "_

... -; ...

w

[ 0.33 ~R" - Ri)

+

31.BW

_ I. ,_~ .

__ ,.'

bearing contact arc between plate and pipe shall be:

R 5 • degrees (30" min)

'It", "_ .'<:(i}~~

:, ......

d ._

163

.' .~.,. 1 ~.r-' ..

-'''.

:., .... _.

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

"i: : .... .',

+-_;.-

this Page Rev Oct 1979

Page 19

"

. /.

"\', .

", .

;zn
~ Of
_, c=
....
cC a..
~ ..,
~ r) 0 C)
( ~ a..
0;:: cP
:=:1 0 z:
~ u ;:
....
c( z= ....
0 lie
~ - <!J
:c IZ1
rc.'§h 0_ -
-
~ , c:!J
a:tJ
~ _ .... r· .. ,...· - - ~ ....... - ~-,--- . ···,-\i~.j;'~:·1

-:_.; ":\/ .. >.' "". ",~,;;\:~",!"

:::_'-6.4.3 Weld Sizes. From the pipe sizedetermined in 6,4.1, use the wall thickness. to' to "calculate weld sizes s, sl' and w connecting the pipe to the shell or shell reinforcing

plate, and the reinforcing plate to the shell: ' '" '

. ;~.-.

~ .

r;

.;.-

.. _· .. ···L'

','

, .. ;1

~ 0.8 lo,but not less than Vol in

+ .~":.; .~ •

1.~14 l", but not less than :Va in ,

: w lo,butnotl~~s than 3JB in ; "; , ' -

, 'For shell 'Sa lo~~':>tha~ ~ipe{:<~~ltipIY the calculated weld sizes by the higher"

stress rnti;;.,';:'l~:~~r':"J~~~~i;~if&J1;t7~~~':~'"

. ",6.5.1 Tailing Lug on Sklrhii Bottom Base Rings. Use Detail A of Figure 9 and Table 2 for allowable load with the standard dimensions shown' in the table, and with d

not over 4.5 in. If a nonstandard lug is used, calculate P per Equation (l) and weld size, n, . ,

:; r~:;,,~1~~,t~;,~:.:~r4-;:,~i:~;,~?,;~,;,;,·~~··,'1,;~f~~,:,Y::t,,;:,?~~i~i~t-';;~S~~~~~:+~~+:~:;~,~'~::~'fj~~~;f:),~~¥~~~~';~,';~,!<::': ••

,';"'6.5.2 Tailing lug on Skirt Without Base Rings. Use Detail B of Figur,:~ and'::

Table 2 for allowable load with the standard dimensions shown i~ the table, and with d not over 4.5 in. If a nonstandard lug is used, calculate P per Equations (l) and (2) and use the minimum P for W2• Calculate weld size, n, per Equation (3) using a value of l between

2Rj a;nd 4RI'."'-~;;,;?::'~f-~" '~:~:';:'~f';i~~;~:~?i:?~jl~lf~;i>:i~~:;' " ,

6.S Required Shell Thickness"

_. ~ .: ):". ~:' .. ' "_~.

-._.

6.6.1 The m~i~wn required thickne~s' of the c~lumn shell using Figure io trunnion shall be the higher of the value of Is detennined by Equation (IS) or (16). For l,he column in the vertical position. I. should be calculated directly by Equation (15), and the maximum shear stress for the horizontal position calculated by Equation (16) using the actual shell thickness la plus pad thickness tp. For the Figure II trunnion positioned per Figure 8A. the required shell thickness is deternined only by Equation (15) with the

column in the vertical position. '"

6.6.2 Column In Vertical Position, Figures 10 and 11 Trunnions. The required thickness of the shell at the trunnion lug with the column vertical is determined by:

, (0.414.jR we) ¥l .

Is ... In

Z '

, . S,R",

" (15)

--\_"'-:,' ..

This required thickness, I,. must be met' by the thickness of the she ll or the shell and reinforei ng plate. The radius of the reinforcing pad shall be at least 2R" and the thickness shall be a minimum of 0.75l". but not less than tA, and the maximum shall be l.5i".

6.6.3 Column!n Horizontal Positlon, Figure 10 Trunnion. Using the calculated is value from Equation (15). calculate the maximum shearing stress in the shell as follows:

( 0.20 Wf ')JVZ ,

+ , pSI

R" 2 [IQ + tpJ

(16)

The value of S. shall not exceed 0.45 S .

~ r

......

«c-

-','

The skirt thickness at the Figure 9, Detail

thout rei~forcing rings) is determined by:

. .: ~" ~< .:: ,>~.:;:\;:", [0·:;0;5.JR (" 1~7~4 W (d :"'0:50)' '?; , : 0.75 W

-. ;i·~:~;i;it~:,,,,.Jil~'ij'3li.{C~&'S~:)'· ; .-;:,

:~;f,t.f~:{-;~?~~~:t"f';(F or-- calcu"lalion 'of R E" s~ 4.3.1). '-;':~~~:W*~:~ c ,,'·~~;~;~,.;:~t~~~~~0<#>:\'d;):i:'~~~:i1~"~.~~<~:'::;-·~: .

~ J;)b~~;i., t:~·8 EXAMPLE 3 :-. Use of Section 6 Equations and ~.~:~,i;~i_:'::!t,<"distillation column with the following data: diameter ;.. 6' ft -0 in, "overall length "-:;:';~~,~;;;}\~~~~;~~ioo ft, shell thickness o= o/s in, total weight =60,000 lb evenly distributed along length )jt1~;i~;_;';;::~,',~fcot~n, and the skirt has a double ring type base with' the minimum ring <~.2,?:8_ in '_i1r2'~~_:~'::;:"\'::!'!'and r = 6 in. With the Figure 10 trunnion design, an end plate projection of e -=' 6 in is

.. i··· ;~~t.·_, .. ~_.,&.·~; .;..... - I .

". ":~e,';~·:;.'V··':';:·.satisfactory to clear all obstructions. For all shell and lug plate materials Sa =- ~7,500 psi.

~.::- ".~' -./' for the pipe material Sa '" 15,000 psi, and for the base rings Sa =_ 13,750 psi. Sin~e the - ·o",'o"-,~.,,,.c, .. ,

-. __ ._::~: .: '<:i:weight is evenly distributed and the lugs are located as per the standard assumption (see":";"

. --' ... :-;"'6.1.1), no adjustment to the value of W is necessary, .o{<·:~:~t/~. ','

'j;~.' I~~_~_:~:~;: '; __ t. ~ _.~

" • _ . Using the stiffness of the base rings to take the tailing lug load reaction, the ring Z t can be

.. .. calculated wi~h Detail A. Figure 9, and Equatio~ (17)~s. foUowS;.~;-!'li:>,,:~ .. ;.:f~'~.;~~,-L;.:'. :·h;;:·-:-',,"'··;"~~::.~";,:

.• :;t"; .•.•.• ~::~~i.~~t~;~s~~,r'~ ~~~(:::~:;:6i.~:?~;in~:~!~~~lilf-~!il~·f·,tf~:; .

... _:::-- ;·c,.;·,~Using 6.3'.2 to size the trunnion pipe withf ... 9.875 in for a IO.in pipevcalculate the ,-,·C.,. '",:.:<:

·.~i:.'~_~,;,~~~,T,~;~,:}:~,·~~ .. }.1{~.~_~_.7,< .. d.:_:.~.:.:i_.~r,_:_ .. ;.~ .. ":'_":~;_"~~.:.~,~:.Z.,i:_d.tl.:,;~ .. :_:~tions (7). (8)_" ~n. _ d., ',,{:: as fol.lows: ··::j)f~~;*~1t~{;~:~:)~:· /:.-r~~ir~;'\~~~{}'~

.. :- .: E~~ at ion ~~,"~. Y 60_ [(6): + ~~~15i 'J "~~:;::!4~!~~~~~1~F~z~~;r~fi

.",t~,. ~(:;~;_g.;; ;~if$Ji{· ,.~ 2 (15.000).T";i1t't··: -.«, , $!~;:;~: ~~~:;E;, "ii. ~'4~;'

.", 60,000 (6) + [(6)2 + (9.875)2] . 3 ,~~~, .. -

._~. '-. Equation (8): Z - =- 29.26 In .-

f ..• ~ ,~2.4 (15,000) ,.,_c.\i'':<):·;'

~ ~-r.~ :. _";-;_..;-: _ , • .

.: (60.000) (6)

.,.---'-~.#:';~.

"~~:Equation (9): Z

o!'~_>.--:;_ .. , .: _ 0.75 (15,000) ....

.-.~~:,! ~ ~~-.~~: - .-..:.~~

.• ~,·(~:::_t~~:F~om pipe catalog, the Z for a"lO.in extra strong pipe - -~-j' .~~~_ ~ ~:_~~"factory for the required Z - 38.52 from Equation (7),

;,..~ ,~ __ 'o-:. ....... ..~_- .~'f .. :_~.":'_

:,....,.-

---~~. -<- •

39.43 in3which is saris-

::;~:., .

:·~~~L.,

"'~1£.'4tt.- ... - _l64'~'

.312..

.

165

..

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

SG 4 C

This Page Rev Oct 1979

Page 21

211
_': 2) 01
-
...- i=
Lv) ~ ~
0 ~ u.J
~ c- ) 0 c
c, a...
n::: t!I
==:J ,- 0 ;z:
~ I;, U 0::
....
1.5\ z: .......
0 z:
tr ~~ -
- C)
~ :c e
b-~ ca : ....
Q:':I
~
~-'''''_---,- . ,~ -- ... ~~"_.- The required area for shear is calculated uSing Equation (9a):

A = 2.22 (60.000) = 8.88 in:! l5,000

5 i nee the 1 O-i n ex Ira stro ng pipe has an area of 16.1 in 2, th is size is satisfacto ry (or shear also.

Using the suggested standard end plate design of Table 2, the required end pl.ate thickness tl = 2V4 in for W = 60,000 lb. Assuming a trunnion pipe size of 10 in, the weld size for attaching the end plate to the trunnion pipe is:

p

0.225 W (flRn + 1.0)

• in From Equation (10)

R"S~

or

p

0.45 W R" S~

, in

From Equation (11)

where

Rn =: 5.375 in, f =: R" + 4.5 = 5.375 + 4.5 = 9.875 in,

Sn = 15,000 psi (minimum 5" of the two parts being joined)

p from Equation (10) = 0.475 in and p from Equation (II) = 0.335 in. Therefore, the weld size required is 0.475 in or Ih in. Since p is less than 2 I" (0,475 < 1.0) the weld size and tn are satisfactory.

! eld sizes mt, m, and r are calculated as follows:

m1 = 0.8 In = 0.8(0.50) "" 0.40 in

m 1.414 In '" 1.414(0.50) = 0.71 in

r = In = 0.50 in

Use 7116 in Use % in Use Y2 in

Check required thickness of shell at trunnion as follows:

In vertical position from Equation (15):

(0.4l4 ..j3'6 (60,000)(6») %

Is =- "" 0.872 10

(38,000)(5.375)2

Reinforcing plate thickness tp "" 0.872 in minus 0.625 in = 0.247 in. Use tp minimum of 0.75 t" = 0.75 x 0.625 -= 0.469 in or Vz in.

For horizontal position, check maximum shearing stress as fol!ows: Using In + lp 1.125 in. f "" 4.50 in + 5.375 in "" 9.875 in, and Equation (16):

Y2 U(0.Z8 .J36(60.000)(6»)2 + (0.159 x 60,,~OO X 9.8(5)?J

~ (5.375)2 0.125) 1.5 (5.375)~ (1.125)

- 8,890 psi

Sillce this value of 5 is less than 0.45 S or 1 i .100 psi. the thickness t + ( '" 1 125 in is

S r " p •

satisfactory for shear .

SG 4 C

LIFTING LUGS FOR VESSELS AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

This Pa,ge Rev Oct 1979

166

Page 22 .

6.9 Special Trunnion Design tor Columns with Large Diameter and~Thin Shells. This type of column may require unusually large trunnions or unusually thick reinforcing plates to satisfy the requirements of 6.6. In such a case, it is necessary to remove the bending moment from the shell of the column by using a continuous trunnion pipe. spanning the shell and absorbing the ben!ling rnument, This can he accomplished by either of the two methods shown on Figure 12 or 13.

..

r>

{

~.

314

'12" x 2" ring with '/s"

thick gasket cemented to inside --------_,~---____.

Plata !ltiNene( -_...£a~_-

Rotating trunnion pipe (detail is same

on both ends) ...

I

rCut off pipe and

I fillel weld r"lere

atter erection and I remove pipe from column '---~:;t311dard studding p.ad

RGURE 12 - ROTATING TRUNNION PIPE SPANNING COLUMN DIAMETER

6.9.1 F·lgure 12 Method. This method is the preferred one since it requires no .welding and clean-up inside the column after erection. This method may he more expensive than the Figure 13 method but is justified if the studding nozzles also can be used for a process or maintenance function.

6.9.1.1 Lifting Plate. The required thickness of the lifting plate. It, shall be that required by Equation (6) or (6a) if dlmensions are those shown by Table 2.

6.9.1.2 Trunnion Pipe. The section modulus. Z. of the trunnion pipe shall be one half of the value calculated by Equation (9) alit] the metal area, A, shall be calculated by

Equation (9a). .

In ('h in minimum)

(19)

~

.,"_

.. '

.SG 4 C

-'.,..,
;en
cC ?) 01
~ i::l
~ c:e: a..
Q::!: u:I
-', 0 CI
~ ,-, 0-
ct: C!J
~ -:) 0 Z
:";'''\~ L~ ~ Q 0::
~
7-, z ....
'- 0 z:
~ - C!J
:s:::: Z
~ d_ ....
-
or::.;
lUI '_ -"';.~ .. -: =":

'0

.". ~ - '.-

. ~ ;-. :

.. -: ... :: "~. ',::'

, LIFTING LUGS FOA VESSELS .AND DISTILLATION COLUMNS

.:;;-.- .

. . ~- ."~ - " . .:.

pip"

:.-'.

. .. : ..

~-:Sln",~nE,r pip<! (:roame size and schedule 3$ trunnion pipe x _, <_;-"":'i'.';!~,?,::~~;,-\ ,- Cut off after erection and grind stub smooth

~-j)t'->'" . ':.;.,,' '"

,"-F1GU~E 13 .; TRUNNlON-TYPE iUG WITH AXED JNTERNALP1PE SnFFENER

~. .'-

,-_;

•• .. •.• ~. , .• r,

. , ~.

", :6.9.2.1 Design -the lifting plate. trunnion pipe. and welds in accordance with 6.3 6.4. whichever applies to the lifting plate design selected. "

or

-7. LIFTING LUGS FOR COLUMNS REQUIRING SHELL STIFFENING RINGS

.... _.

7.1 Special lug design for thin wall columns. or columns and stacks having a relatively thin shell thickness at the top. may require unusually large trunnions or unusually thick reinforcing plates to satisfy the requirements of 6.6. In 1he~e cases it may be necessary 10 use circumferential stiffening rings in the plane of the two lifting lugs in order to reinforce the thin shell. Figure 14 illustrates the details of this method.

~~-.---~--

.,~

-._,.:__,.".~ ... : .....

COLUMN UFTlNG LUGS W111i SnFFENING RIN(;S USED TO REINFORCE SHELL

,:::~~:,j,£=,S4hl

':.-,. '.'

",.,

"-.-"

gusset shall be:'

• ~J " ~.~ •

_. ~>. ~ ·b; ~ : .,.

\:;,_,;-"_f ._

s-:'; ,-- .. :

.. '

- .• :.-:: ,'f

,',~:11:-;\~"_~"""

J •• - ......... - •

'o'::,1r

., ~~y,

'".;;,. _'\"_-

':~." .'

.'; .. ",-

>".:_-a-:-._

'r':' ~ ~.,'

-~- "'" -.

:.,.., .-~' :...

~ "" e:- ~

, '

"

. .'."

..

't..: ...... ~; _

. -,~~!":...

• -'!_' :;-,

~' __ ~ _ t ~'!: .

. _ ~~._" ._}

}~; -:-

.. ':._. ~

'. -r.'::.~,~.:".~",:.~,:"__.~' - -; ~-~ :'~ .• ;,_

.~ ~ ~--..,~::. ~ -s:.

<, ~ .. - ..

'_ .

,.~,3;~~ .. -

. . ...: .. '

169

~~~ .• :'.'~'~""- "~-

-~,-\~~:~;~~ ~{;~:':::,-!~i:~{_t -

:; .: ::~ ~ J~.~~:~.:;._.~

-.

(

• .' •••• ,', _,' J , •• ~.~ _ • •

',- <:Z:;;~~::-- >'; -- <:-?;::_;';:~~~;;;, )~;;,~.~/i:: >;,/}j;~~~tiI;::}:

-, ;.::;:~ .. ;, .~ _"_ ,_.~.~~.;(}~.;-,!:: ~ \~~.:: i.'-":,> '": ':}.. ::~.,... ',,;:~:":':l-~',~

'7.5 Weld Size •• (All V" in minimum]. The required size of the welds. k; attaching the stiffening rings to the shell with a 50 percent intermittent weld shall be:

• • '- ',~-. ._ . - ~":>; ~' •. ,.

,'-;~~~,~~~~:~::f: ~~~

.. _ ./~~i;~tj.~~~-~'·~~:);;·~ 4.;:-, ~'~ :: --?:~,", -: : ".:',' : .: "I:~'::~::\'- . .

,:;'" ,jj;j;-J,'\i~,:;;~;_,The required size of the wel~v. attaching the lifting plate to the rings and gussets shall

-_; '.,_.~:",.,,' .. ~~~~~~~.-.,;.'~;~'.:: '-'~ "; : -: ", .:...;. ... ,.~'-';

._ . ......'ick ". -·.;;~&~1['/-:.

- - -~ -,' '/:,::',

-:,,;<c-:'~;r- ::'~:·~~:',:=;,:';~'fN,~~i/'~;'f'_::;'~'~~::: >-,. -; , ,,~ ". - .'

- _. I' :'; ~: •

--

:'.';;('·":W'''!j·;",;~,:_For the horieontal position:

1.~!~~~~i~;1;;{i,\~:h

-.,'

::;.~ , ~'" "

" __ :" >:~ "_'-

.....

..-"

.r- ."" -:;

. '~" .

W~~~llW~®

. ,-", -~' ..

f

~ BRIGHTON CORPORAIWti

-~. ,

lBGIfHERING OEPTJ

.-f'~ ·_'L

'Page 25

so -i-e

LlFTlNG LUGS FOR VESSELS ,AND DISnLLAnON COLUMNS

+

-.,.-

_'.;

• 'in

, (23)

-'--<" i-"-

j.

-.'-'.'

,'- ..

I,;'~ . : • "; .:~.'

.' .. '-

. ~'-

:;'.

v, ~~-"\"

"_._·;.i":",

'·1'-,,'--

.~ ,

r

,.

:. -

~-: _. -' .'

","_',

_._: .

~' .. "

_ .... --

"

'_';.

_. -_='v .:__:_~-. ;. ~ -, r',·.:~ .-;;~-.:::::..~'~,~:.

For shackles with sete loads greater than the maximum abolle. use Crosby-Laughlin (The ...

Crosby Group. Div of American Hoist &. Derrick Co, Tulsa. OK 74101). Skookum (Skookum Co.. .. ,:-.

. Inc. Ponland. OR 97203), or aqua' with an ultimate strength at ISMIS times the sale working

, load. \" . .. .' ::,.;.q::>,c;_

,_::::.. 2. The dimemlions. designation numbers. and sale won.:ing loads provided on this figure are trom

.. '--'-.,.l.: information In Crosby-Laughlin catalogs. Ratings and dimensions lor other manufacturers'

. ';(f~;':~' .... '. ~uipmenf probably will vary. See SB<;lion 2 ot PV \.. ..'" ... ' " '~:J!5 ~: ~'~:-':~'. ::~ . _. ., , "',- .. , .

'. '. '.,-,~.~,~:.Pt,~,~ .. t~.~,~,<.~.~.·;~:'.;;.~ .. -,;.,;.:1: ';~~~~C.: ,,,:.>t .. ~,~,~:t~.;~.,.:~~i~:~.~,: .. ·c.:.',,,·.f. .• '.h,',~.· .. :.'.~.·~,·.·'i{ .. ~_·.";'~':'-'-':">"":"';~~'~.'~.~.' •. , ... ~, ... _~.~.: ~.'.:::~.'~.'.:.';;,~.~ .. ~.~.;'.:~~.~.,?~.:, •. ~.~.:~~ .. '.:,"_ ~:'-- .: ~; -~- ": .... :~:S\"~I':~7~' : .-~~-~ _ ~ .~.~~ ~~~~~t,~ ~ ~.! ~~~~ ..

~-," , '- -;:_,}-.~t~::~.-.~::~- ,- - : -" - - v: ~ >, :.; ~ • '::,"::~~""'>"'7> .~.,~ . .,.,~~~~~~:.',~.'!~".'~,,:~~.~.:.,':

.: '~"". _ > ..... -. . _ ~~~'._ ~"~"~~'::' _; J?~~!;.~ .' ~~~.,,~~< :~.~ ... ~__. ~""_

Slm (In)

1% 2% 213J1S :fIlS 30/4 4'/. 41'1,1'6 Sl;'

5%

7 7~/.

10'12 13 14% 14'12

; :,;:2 0:',3'/. :,'43/. '; .. ·6'12

;8'12 '''':'9'12

. 12 " :~'13'h

17

'25 35 SO 75

100 1:30

- . _,.: .... _-.~~.: '

-~.-

<L ... :._.~~... _ , ...

_ •. :"!" •••• :.J-

.~~ ... _- ... :.~-~~ _.~

.- __ "",=.- .

. ...;. .• :

_ •••• '_~: ~."!""-_...

Inside W1dth al Pin

ToMfanc.

P1us 01 Mtnu.·

Out~.

Ptn ot Eye

Length

WIdth

.'3J'6 11/,8 1'1. 11/16 1"/1& lU/ts 2'132 21;'

z3/s 2~s 3'1. 4'/s

5

51/4 5'12

1"/16 .1'116 :'1%

2'/8

,2% r/e 3 38/16 3% 4'/16 5

·.6'".1 6'12

8

9

'Is % .'/. .:'1. ·Y.

V. Y. V. '14

: 1f4 'I. 't. .'/, 'I. V.

.. 0.82 ~,':1.58 .:.:,-:2.82 ":.3.95 ,'5.6 ':,7.85

. 11..2 15..2 19.5 31.3 46.3 94.0

173_0 265.0 338.0

,IS