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MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
sin A 1
tan A = cot A =
cos A' tan A
1 1
sec A = esc A =
cos A' sin A
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1 , 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A
1 + cot2 A = esc2 A
sin (A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos (A ± B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)
2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B)
2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)
B A -B
sin A + sin B = 2 sin cos
. „ „ A +B A- B
sin A - sin B = 2 cos sin
A+ B A- B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos
A ^ . A +B A -B
cos A - cos nB = - 2 sin sin
727
728 Appendix A
7 = l, T = -y,
je
The complex conjugate of z = z* = x — jy = r / - 0 = re
= r (cos 0 - j sin 0)
(e )" = ejn6 = cos «0 + j sin «0
j9
(de Moivre's theorem)
1
If Z\ = x, + jyx and z2 = ^2 + i) !. then z, = z2 only if x1 = JC2 and j ! = y2.
Zi± Z2 = (xi + x2) ± j(yi + y2)
or
nr2/o,
APPENDIX A 729
i j
y\
or
Z2
A3 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
ex - e'x ex
sinhx = coshx =
2
sinh x 1
tanh x = COttlJt =
cosh x tanhx
1 1
u ~ - sechx =
sinhx coshx
sinyx — j sinhx, cosjx = coshx
sinhyx = j sinx, coshyx = cosx
sinh (x ± y) = sinh x cosh y ± cosh x sinh y
cosh (x ± y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y
sinh (x ± jy) = sinh x cos y ± j cosh x sin y
cosh (x ± jy) = cosh x cos y ±j sinh x sin y
sinh 2x sin 2y
tanh (x ± jy) = ± /
cosh 2x + cos 2y cosh 2x + cos 2y
cosh2 x - sinh2 x = 1
sech2 x + tanh2 x = 1
sin (x ± yy) = sin x cosh y ± j cos x sinh y
cos (x ± yy) = cos x cosh y + j sin x sinh y
L
730 • Appendix A
If | l , l n ( l + x) = x
x2 x3 x4
ex = X ~f" 4 +
2 ! " 3! 4!
where e == 2.7182
eV = ex+y
[e1" =
In X
If \x\ <Z 1,
(1 ± x)n == 1 ± ra
^ = 1+ x
In (1 + x) = x
sinx
sinx == x or hm = 1
>0 X
COS — 1
tanx — x
APPENDIX A «K 731
A.7 DERIVATIVES
dx dx
dx dx dx
U
d\U dx dx
2
\ V
~(aUn) = naUn~i
dx
dx U dx
d 1 dU
— In U =
dx U dx
d
v .t/, dU
— a = d In a —
dx dx
dx dx
dx dx dx
— sin U = cos U —
dx dx
d dU
—-cos U = -sin U —
dx dx
d , dU
—-tan U = sec £/ —
dx dx
d dU
— sinh U = cosh [/ —
dx dx
— cosh t/ = sinh {/ —
dx dx
d . dU
— tanh[/ = sech2t/ —
<ix dx
732 Appendix A
a dx = ax + C
Un+l
Un dU = + C, n + -1
n +1
dU
= In U + C
U
au dU = + C, a > 0, a
In a
eudU = eu +C
eaxdx = - eax + C
a
xeax dx = —r(ax - 1) + C
In x dx = x In x — x + C
cos ax ax = — sin ax + C
2 x sin 2ax
sin axdx = — 1- C
2 4a
2 xx sin 2ax
cos ax dx = —I C
2 4a
ax 1 _• x „
-2r r = - tan ' - + C
2
x + a a a
X X 2 2
l( + ) C
2 2
x + a I
x2 dx _, x
— r = x - a tan - + C
x2 + a ' «
734 Appendix A
dx x2>a2
x+a
x2-a2 1 a - x 2 , 2
T— In —• h C, x < a
2a a +x
dx _, x
= sin ' - + C
x2
2
= In (x + V x 2 ± a2) + C
\ / 2 ,
Vx ± a
xdx
a2 + C
dx x/az
+C
(x2 + a 2 ) 3 ' 2
xdx
(x + a2)3'2
2
'x2 + a2
x2dx + a2 x
= In +C
(x2 + a2f2 a a V + a2
dx 1 / x 1 _! *\
z z
r^f "i j + - tan l-} + C
(x + a la \x + a a a,
, i w, m + n = even
sin mx cos nx dx = I
o i— r, m + n = odd
m - «
ir/2, a > 0,
sin ax dx = ^ 0, a=0
-ir/2, a<0
2x
sin
APPENDIX A ** 735
f- sin ax , ,x
w!
xne~axdx =
1 Iv
'1" dx =
2 V a
2
a-(ax +bx+c) £x_ \J_
M
e cos bx dx =
If A and B are vector fields while U and V are scalar fields, then
V (U + V) = VU + VV
V (t/V) = U VV + V Vt/
V(VL0 -
V • (A X B) = B • (V X A) - A • (V X B)
V • (VA) = V V • A + A • W
V • (VV) = V2V
V • (V X A) = 0
V X ( A + B) = V X A + V X B
V X (A X B) = A (V • B) - B (V • A) + (B • V)A - (A • V)B
V x (VA) = VV X A + V(V X A)
736 Appendix A
V x (VV) = 0
V X (V X A) = V(V • A) - V2A
A • d\ = I V X A - d S
Vd\ = - I VV X dS
A • dS = V • A dv
VdS = \ Wdv
AXJS=-
Appendix D
MATERIAL CONSTANTS
TABLE B.1 Approximate Conductivity* of Some
Common Materials at 20°C
Conductors
Silver 6.1 X
10'
Copper (standard annealed) 5.8 X
10'
Gold 4.1 X
10'
Aluminum 3.5 X
10'
Tungsten 1.8 x
10'
Zinc 1.7 x
10'
Brass 1.1 x
10'
Iron (pure) 10'
Lead 5 X 106
Mercury 106
Carbon 3 X 104
Water (sea) 4
Semiconductors
Germanium (pure) 2.2
Silicon (pure) 4.4 X 10"4
Insulators
Water (distilled) io-4
Earth (dry) io-5
Bakelite io-'°
Paper io-"
Glass lO" 1 2
Porcelain io-' 2
Mica io-' 5
Paraffin lO" 1 5
Rubber (hard) io-' 5
Quartz (fused) io-"
Wax 10""
T h e values vary from one published source to another due to the fact
that there are many varieties of most materials and that conductivity
is sensitive to temperature, moisture content, impurities, and the like.
737
738 Appendix B
*The values given here are only typical; they vary from one
published source to another due to different varieties of most
materials and the dependence of er on temperature, humidity, and the
like.
APPENDIX B 739
Material V-r
Diamagnetic
Bismuth 0.999833
Mercury 0.999968
Silver 0.9999736
Lead 0.9999831
Copper 0.9999906
Water 0.9999912
Hydrogen (s.t.p.) = 1.0
Paramagnetic
Oxygen (s.t.p.) 0.999998
Air 1.00000037
Aluminum 1.000021
Tungsten 1.00008
Platinum 1.0003
Manganese 1.001
Ferromagnetic
Cobalt 250
Nickel 600
Soft iron 5000
Silicon-iron 7000
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED
PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 1
1.7 Proof
1.9 (a) -2.8577
(b) -0.2857a* + 0.8571a, 0.4286a,
(c) 65.91°
1.11 72.36°, 59.66°, 143.91°
1.13 (a) (B • A)A - (A • A)B
(b) (A • B)(A X A) - (A •A)(A X B)
1.15 25.72
1.17 (a) 7.681
(b) - 2 a , - 5a7
(c) 137.43C
(d) 11.022
(e) 17.309
1.19 (a) Proof
(b) cos 0! cos 02 + sin i sin 02, cos 0i cos 02 — sin 0, sin 02
(c) sin -0i
740
APPENDIX C 741
CHAPTER 2
+ / V x 2 + y2 + z
2.9 Proof
2.11 (a) yz\), 3
xl + yz
(b) r(sin2 0 cos 0 + r cos3 0 sin 0) a r + r sin 0 cos 0 (cos 0 — r cos 0 sin 0) a#, 3
2.13 (a) r sin 0 [sin 0 cos 0 (r sin 0 + cos 0) ar + sin 0 (r cos2 0 - sin 0 cos 0)
ag + 3 cos 0 a^], 5a# - 21.21a0
p
- •- z a A 4.472ap + 2.236az
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
(a) Proof
(b) 0.4 mC, 31.61a,/iV/m
4.13 -0.591a x -0.18a z N
4.15 Derivation
4.17 (a) 8.84xyax + 8.84x2a, pC/m2
(b) 8.84>>pC/m3
4.19 5.357 kJ
4.21 Proof
(0, p<\
4.23 1 <p < 2
28
P
4.25 1050 J
4.27 (a) - 1 2 5 0 J
(b) -3750 nJ
(c) 0 J
(d) -8750 nJ
4.29 (a) -2xa x - Ayay - 8zaz
(b) -(xax + yay + zaz) cos (x2 + y2 + z2)m
(c) -2p(z + 1) sin 4> ap - p(z + 1) cos <j> a 0 - p 2 sin <t> az
(d) e" r sin 6 cos 20 a r cos 6 cos 20 ae H sin 20
2po 2p0
4.35 (a)
I5eor2 n
I5eor
1) Psdr--^ 2p o 1 poa
(b) &r
5 J ' e o V20 6 15eo 60sn
(c)
15
(d) Proof
4.37 (a) -1.136 a^kV/m
(b) (a, + 0.2a^) X 107 m/s
4.39 Proof, (2 sin 0 sin 0 a r - cos 0 sin <t> ae - cos 0 a^) V/m
4.41
4.43 6.612 nJ
CHAPTER 5
5.1 -6.283 A
5.3 5.026 A
5.5 (a) - 16ryz eo, (b) -1.131 mA
5.7 (a) 3.5 X 107 S/m, aluminum
(b) 5.66 X 106A/m2
5.9 (a) 0.27 mil
(b) 50.3 A (copper), 9.7 A (steel)
(c) 0.322 mfi
5.11 1.000182
5.13 (a) 12.73zaznC/m2, 12.73 nC/m3
(b) 7.427zaz nC/m2, -7.472 nC/m3
1
5.15 (a)
4?rr2
(b) 0
e Q
(o 4-Kb2
5.17 -24.72a* - 32.95ay + 98.86a, V/m
5.19 (a) Proof
( b ) ^
5.21 (a) 0.442a* + 0.442ay + 0.1768aznC/m2
(b) 0.2653a* + 0.5305ay + 0.7958a,
5.23 (a) 46.23 A
(b) 45.98 ,uC/m3
5.25 (a) 18.2^
(b) 20.58
(c) 19.23%
APPENDIX C • 745
CHAPTER 6
12a 530 52
6.1 120a* + 1203,, " z' - 1
3 2
,., , . PvX , PoX , fV0 pod\ (py PaX Vo pod\
m
I1
b
6.19 (a)-± nira
Ddd
n sinh
b
niry nirx
00 sin sinh
a a
(HA
L)
4V
° V
x i n-wb
n sinh
a
niry
CO sin • h
n 7 r
( n ,
b b
{)
x n = odd1
n sinh
6.21 Proof
6.23 Proof
6.25 Proof
746 Appendix C
1 1 1 1 1 1
c d be a b
6.37 21.85 pF
6.39 693.1 s
6.41 Proof
6.43 Proof
6.45 0.7078 mF
6.47 (a) l n C
(b) 5.25 nN
6.49 -0.1891 (a, + av + .a7)N
6.51 (a) - 1 3 8 . 2 4 a x - 184.32a, V/m
(b) -1.018 nC/m2
CHAPTER 7
0, p<a
7.17 (b) / (p2-a2
2
2-KP \b - a
2 a< p<b
I
p>b
2
7.19 (a) -2a, A/m
(b) Proof, both sides equal -30 A
2
7.21 (a) 8Oa0nWb/m
(b) 1.756/i Wb
7.23 (a) 31.433, A/m
(b) 12.79ax + 6.3663, A/m
7.25 13.7 nWb
7.27 (a) magnetic field
(b) magnetic field
(c) magnetic field
7.29 (14a, + 42a0) X 104 A/m, -1.011 Wb
7.31 IoP a
2?ra2 *
7.33 — A/m 2
/
8/Xo/
7.35
28x
7.37 (a) 50 A
(b) -250 A
7.39 Proof
CHAPTER 8
8.7 -86.4azpN
8.9 -15.59 mJ
8.11 1.949axmN/m
8.13 2.133a* - 0.2667ay Wb/m2
8.15 (a) -18.52azmWb/m2
(b) -4a,mWb/m2
(c) -Ilia,. + 78.6a,,mWb/m2
I
748 Appendix C
CHAPTER 9
CHAPTER 10
I
750 Appendix C
—25 I-
25
-25
t= 778
25
\/2
-25
t= 774
- 2 5 I-
t = Til
10.41 Proof, H s = ^ — [ky sin (k^) sin (kyy)ax + kx cos (jfc^) cos (kyy)ay]
C0/X o
A/4
CHAPTER 11
2.4 V
2.28 V
t (us)
10
150 mA
142.5 mA
10
754 II Appendix C
V(ht)
80 V
75.026 V
74.67 V
t (us)
0
/(1,0 mA
533.3
500.17
497.8
0
-+-*• t (us)
0 1 2 3
CHAPTER 12
12.1 Proof
12.3 (a) See Table C.I
(b) i7 TEn = 573.83 Q, r/TM15 = 3.058 fi
7
(c) 3.096 X 10 m/s
12.5 (a) No
(b) Yes
12.7 43CIns
12.9 375 AQ, 0.8347 W
12.11 (a) TE 23
(b) y400.7/m
(c) 985.3 0
12.13 (a) Proof
8 8
(b) 4.06 X 10 m/s, 2.023 cm, 5.669 X 10 m/s, 2.834 cm
APPENDIX C U 755
TABLE C.1
Mode fc (GHz)
TEo, 0.8333
TE10, TE02 1.667
TEn.TM,, 1.863
TEI2,TMI2 2.357
TE 0 3 2.5
TEl3>TMl3 3
TEM 3.333
TE14,TM14 3.727
TE 0 5 , TE 2 3 , T M 2 3 4.167
T E l 5 , TM 1 5 4.488
4ir i\ b
12.21 0.04637 Np/m, 4.811 m
12.23 (a) 2.165 X 10~2Np/m
(b) 4.818 X 10" 3 Np/m
12.25 Proof
r. . (mzx\ (niry\ piK
12.27 Proof, — j — ) Ho sin cos cos
V a J \ b J c
12.29 (a) TEo,,
(b) TM 110
(c) TE 101
12.31 See Table C.2
TABLE C.2
Mode fr (GHz)
Oil 1.9
110 3.535
101 3.333
102 3.8
120 4.472
022 3.8
CHAPTER 13
1 = 3X/2
1=X
1 = 5x/8
APPENDIX C
1.5A2sin20
(c)
(d) 3.084 fl
13.21 99.97%
2
13.23 (a) 1.5 sin 9, 5
(b) 6 sin 0 cos2 <j>, 6
2
N=l
N=4
CHAPTER 14
14.1 Discussion
14.3 0.33 -yO. 15, 0.5571 - ;0.626
14.5 3.571
14.7 Proof
14.9 1.428
14.11 (a) 0.2271
(b) 13.13°
(c) 376
14.13 (a) 29.23°
(b) 63.1%
14.15 aw = 8686a14
14.17 Discussion
APPENDIX C 759
CHAPTER 15
15.11 (a) Matrix [A] remains the same, but -h2ps/s must be added to each term
of matrix [B].
(b) Va = 4.276, Vb = 9.577, Vc = 11.126
Vd = -2.013, Ve = 2.919, Vf = 6.069
Vg = -3.424, Vh = -0.109, V; = 2.909
15.13 Numerical result agrees completely with the exact solution, e.g., for t = 0,
V(0, 0) = 0, V(0.1, 0) = 0.3090, V(0.2, 0) = 0.5878, V(0.3, 0) = 0.809,
V(0.4, 0) = 0.9511, V(0.5, 0) = 1.0, V(0.6, 0) = 0.9511, etc.
15.15 12.77 pF/m (numerical), 12.12 pF/m (exact)
15.17 See Table C.3
TABLE C.3
6 (degrees) C(pF)
10 8.5483
20 9.0677
30 8.893
40 8.606
170 11.32
180 8.6278
15.19 (a) Exact: C = 80.26 pF/m, Zo = 41.56 fi; for numerical solution, see Table C.4
TABLE C.4
N C (pF/m) Zo (ft)
10 82.386 40.486
20 80.966 41.197
40 80.438 41.467
100 80.025 41.562
TABLE C.5
N C (PF/m) Zo (ft)
10 109.51 30.458
20 108.71 30.681
40 108.27 30.807
100 107.93 30.905
APPENDIX C 761
15.21 Proof
15.23 (a) At (1.5, 0.5) along 12 and (0.9286, 0.9286) along 13.
(b) 56.67 V
0.8788 -0.208 0 -0.6708
-2.08 1.528 -1.2 -0.1248
15.25 1.408 -0.208
0 -1.2
-0.6708 -0.1248 -0.208 1.0036
15.27 18 V, 20 V
15.29 See Table C.6
TABLE C.6
8 4.546 4.366
9 7.197 7.017
10 7.197 7.017
11 4.546 4.366
14 10.98 10.66
15 17.05 16.84
16 17.05 16.84
17 10.98 10.60
20 22.35 21.78
21 32.95 33.16
22 32.95 33.16
23 22.35 21.78
26 45.45 45.63
27 59.49 60.60
28 59.49 60.60
29 45.45 45.63
15.31 Proof