h~°∞ – ^•x Hõ^äŒ

D ã¨$+≤ìÖ’ K≥@∞¡, KÕ=∞Å∞ ѨÙ\˜ì# `«~åfi`« r=~åâ◊√Å∞ ѨÙ\˜ì#q. D Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· r=~åâ◊√Å∞ ѨÙ@ì_»O „áê~°OaèOz ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 350 HÀ@¡
ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞ J~Ú=ÙO@∞O^Œx xѨÙ}∞Å JOK«<å. JÖψQ Ѩi}Ï=∞OÖ’ [O`«∞=ÙÅ #∞O_ç =∞x+≤ ѨÙ\Ïì_∞» . =∞x+≤ ѨÙ\˜ì ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 6,50,000
ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞ J~ÚO^Œx ‰õÄ_® XHõ JOK«<åx âß„ã¨A Î Å˝ ∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã∞¨ <Î åfl~°∞. Jxfl ÅHõÅ∆ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ô r=<åxfl ™êyã¨∞#Î fl =∂#=Ù_çH˜
D „ѨH$õ uÖ’ `«#∞ Uq∞ u<åÖ’, ZO`« u<åÖ’, ZO`« „`åQÍÖ’ Jxfl q+¨Ü∂« Å∂ „ѨH$õ u#∞O_ç <Õ~∞° ÛH˘x ^•xH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ „|`«H_õ O»
[iyOk. „ѨHõ$uH˜ ^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ L#fl<åflà◊√§ `«#∞ Z‰õΩ¯= HÍÅO rqOK«QÆÅQÆ_»O, rqOz#O`«HÍÅO â◊HÎ̃QÆÅ"å_≥· ~ÀQÍÅ∞ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ ÖˉõΩO_® ã¨∞Y
r=<åxfl ™êyOK«_»O [iyOk. „ѨHõ$uH˜ ^Œ∂~°OQÍ rqOKÕ q^è•<åÅ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#fl ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ô q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# r=# q^è•#O`À, XHõ q^èŒOQÍ
ã¨∞Y™œMϺÅ∞ á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞#flѨÊ\˜H©, z=iH˜ `«#H˜ q∞yÖËk ^Œ∞óY"Õ∞ Jx `≥eã≤#ѨÊ\˜H© P „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# r=#Ü«∂#O #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@
Ѩ_»ÖËHõáÈ`«∞<åfl_»∞. D ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# r=#OÖ’ „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O ѨÙ\˜ì# Ñ≤Å¡"å_ç ^ŒQÆæ~°∞flO_ç =Úã¨e"åi =~°‰õÄ JO^Œ~°∂ J<å~ÀQƺO`À,
JÖÏÊÜ«Ú+¨µ¯Öˇ· HÍÖÏxfl QÆ_∞» ѨÙ`«∞<åfl~°∞. Wxfl ~°HÍÅ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, [|∞ƒÅ∞ ã¨=∂[OÖ’ =∂#=Ùx =iOK«_®xH˜ HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ Z<Àfl =Ù<åfl~Ú.
JO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚYºOQÍ PǨ~°O u<Õ q^è•#OÖ’, h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#OÖ’, qã¨~#˚° q^è•#OÖ’, „â◊=∞ KÕ¿ã q^è•#OÖ’ =zÛ# =∂~°∞ÊÅx K≥Ñʨ =K«∞Û.
`«#∞ KÕã≤# `«Ñ¨C#∞ uiy `«<Õ ã¨=iOK«∞H˘x „ѨHõ$uѨ~°OQÍ PÖ’zã¨∂Î, P =∞Ozx PK«iOK«QÆeæ`Õ =∂#=ÙxH˜ =∞m§ =∞Oz ~ÀAÅ∞
~åHõáÈ=Ù. JO`å =∞# KÕ`«∞Ö’¡<Õ =ÙO^Œx =∞~°"˘^Œ∞Ì.
=∞#O h\˜ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~å‡xfl `«áêÊ=Ú. =∞#O HÀÖ’Ê~Ú# h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl =∞m§ =∞#O `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x PK«iOK«QÆeæ`Õ
=∞#=Ú, =∞# "å~°ã¨∞Å∞ JO^Œ~°∂ P#O^ŒOQÍ rqOK«=K«∞Û.
D ã¨$+≤ìÖ’x r=~åâ◊√Åhfl rqOK«_®xH˜ JxflO\˜HõO>ˇ Ju=ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k QÍe. JÖÏO\˜ QÍe Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ‰õΩO_® H˘xfl Hõ∆}ÏÅHõO>ˇ
Z‰õΩ¯= rqOK«Ö=Ë Ú. QÍe `«~åfi`« Jxfl r=~åâ◊√ʼnõΩ Ju=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ J=ã¨~O° h~°∞. JÖÏO\˜ h\˜x „`åQƉΩõ O_® =ÙO>Ë H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ HõO>ˇ
Z‰õΩ¯= rqOK«ÖË=Ú. h\˜ `«~åfi`« =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k PǨ~°O. JÖÏO\˜ PǨ~°O u#‰õΩO_® H˘xfl <≥ÅÅ∞ HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= rqOK«ÖË=Ú. D
=¸_çO\˜h ã¨iÜ≥ÿ∞# x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ â◊s~åxH˜ JOkã¨∂Î rq`åxfl ™êy¿ãÎ =∂#=ÙxH˜ PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ =O^ŒÅ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ =~°‰õÄ
=ÙO@∞Ok. QÍe, h~°∞, PǨ~°O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ x+¨ÊuÎ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ ã¨iQÍ =ÙO>Ë â◊s~°O P~ÀQƺO`À qÅã≤Å∞¡`«∞Ok. D x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞,
KÕ~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕã≤ rq`åxfl ™êy¿ãÎ J<å~ÀQƺO D â◊s~åxfl h_»ÖÏ "≥O\Ï_»∞`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok. |∞∞+¨µÅ∞, Ü≥∂QÆ∞Å∞ D ã¨`åºxfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x
JÖψQ rqOKå~°∞.
D ã¨$+≤Öì ’ Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O QÍe P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x =ÙOk. QÍe `«~åfi`« h~°∞, h~°∞ `«~åfi`« <ÕÅ =Ù<åfl~Ú. W^Õ q^èOŒ QÍ D ã¨$+≤Öì ’ ѨÙ\˜#ì
r=~åâ◊√ʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® rqOK«_®xH˜ =ÚYºOQÍ QÍe, `«~åfi`« h~°∞, `«~åfi`« PǨ~°O J=ã¨~°=∞ø`«∞<åfl~Ú. D Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ· XHõ =O`«∞ <ÕÅ,
=¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å ™ê÷<åxfl h~°∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x =Ù<åfl~Ú. Wk ã¨$+≤ì ~°ÇϨ 㨺O. D â◊s~åxH˜ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ QÍex Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ=_»O, =^ŒÅ_»O J<Õk
=∞#KÕ`∞« Ö’¡ ÖË^∞Œ . `«#O`«@ `å<Õ ã¨fiÜ«∞OQÍ =∞# J#∞=∞u ÖˉΩõ O_® ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥à§◊ _»O, |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å=_»O J<Õk [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂<Õ =ÙO@∞Ok.
D Ö’HõOÖ’ JO^Œ~°=¸ ¿ãfiK«ÛùQÍ, ֒ѨO ÖˉõΩO_®, ÃÑ·™ê Y~°∞Û ÖˉõΩO_® Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀQÆÖËæk QÍe XHõ¯>Ë. =∞# Pnè#OÖ’ ÖËx QÍe QÆ∞iOz
=∞#O PÖ’zOK«=Åã≤# Ѩx ÖË^Œ∞. â◊s~åxH˜ QÍe `«~åfi`« J`«º=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# h~°∞, PǨ~°=Ú =∂„`«=Ú =∞# Jnè#OÖ’<Õ =Ù<åfl~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì
=∞# `≥eq `Õ@Å∞ WHõ¯_» J=ã¨~°O.
=∞#â◊s~°OÖ’ =¸_»∞=O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞ XHõ=O`«∞ Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú =Ù<åfl~Ú. JÖψQ D „ѨHõ$uÖ’ =∞#‰õΩ J=ã¨~°=∞ÜÕ∞º PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷ÅÖ’
‰õÄ_® =¸_»∞=O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞, XHõ =O`«∞ Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú =ÙO@∞#flk. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ *Ï=∞HÍÜ«∞Ö’ 76 âß`«O h~°∞ =ÙO>Ë 24 âß`«"Õ∞ Ѩ^•~°÷O
=ÙOk. Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ K«∂¿ãÎ h\˜ âß`«O WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯= =ÙO@∞Ok. ã¨$+≤ìÖ’#∂, =∞#Ö’#∂, PǨ~°OÖ’#∂ =¸_»∞
=O`«∞Å h~°∞, XHõ =O`«∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ѩ^•~°÷O =Ù#flk HÍ|\˜ì h\˜ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „áê=ÚYº`« Ѩ^•~°÷O HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= =Ù#flk. D ^èŒ~å‡xfl, â◊s~°
^èŒ~å‡xfl QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞H˘x =∞#Ö’ =Ù#fl 3:1 J<Õ x+¨ÊuÎx áÈ+≤OK«∞HÀ"åe. JO>Ë ~ÀAÖ’ =¸_»∞=O`«∞Å∞ h\˜H˜ „áê^è•#º`«xzÛ, XHõ=O`«∞
=∂„`«"Õ∞ Ѩ^•~å÷xH˜ W"åfie.
=¸_»∞=O`«∞Å h~°∞, XHõ =O`«∞ Ѩ^•~°÷O =Ù#fl =∞# â◊s~åxfl „Ѩu~ÀE "å_»∞‰õΩ#flѨC_»∞ JO^Œ∞Ö’ #∞#fl h~°∞, Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú ‰õÄ_®
`«~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. `«iy# ™ê÷#OÖ’ h\˜x, Ѩ^•~å÷xfl uiy áÈÜ«∂e. HÍ~°∞#∞ ~ÀE "å_»∞`«∂ =ÙO>Ë QÍe `«QÆ∞æ`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok, h~°∞
`«QÆ∞æ`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok, P~ÚÖò `«QÆ∞æ`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok. Uk `«yæ`Õ Jk áÈã¨∞H˘O@∂ "åǨÏ<åxfl "å_»∞H˘O@∞<åfl=Ú. JÖψQ =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞
J<Õk `«y#æ ѨÙ_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO ~°∂ѨOÖ’ <å‰õΩ h~°∞ HÍ"åÅx J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. P `«y#æ h\˜âß`åxfl ã¨=iOK«_®xH˜ `«#∞ HÀi# ^•Ç¨xfl f~°Û_®xH˜
H˘O`«=∞Ok h~°∞ áÈ¿ãÎ =∞iH˘O`« =∞Ok ‰õÄÖò„_çO‰õΩÅ∞ áÈ™êÎ~°∞. =∞iH˘O`« =∞Ok =∞l˚QÆ hà◊√§, H˘|ƒihà◊√§ áÈã¨∂Î =ÙO\Ï~°∞. â◊s~°O
h~°∞ J_çy#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•xH˜ h~°∞ W=fi_»O ‰õÄ_® =∞#‰õΩ KÕ`H« Í=_»O ÖË^∞Œ . HÍ~°∞Ö’ h~°∞ `«yæ "Õ_H≥ ¯˜ #ѨÙ_»∞, PHÍ~°∞#∞ „ѨÜ∂« }OÖ’ PÑ≤ ^ŒQ~æÆ °
h~°∞ JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ ÖËHõáÈ`Õ 1,2 H˜Ö’g∞@~°∞¡ ^Œ∂~°O #_»z "≥à‹·§<å `≥zÛ hˆ~ HÍ=Åã≤#O`« áÈ™êÎ~°∞. WHõ¯_» =∞# â◊s~°O q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ JÖÏ
KÕã¨∞HÀÖËHõáÈ`«∞<åflO. D â◊s~°=∞<Õ "åǨÏ#=∞O>Ë =∞x+≤H˜ JO`« K«∞ÅHõ# ÉèÏ=O. JO^Œ∞ˆH =∞#O â◊s~°O q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ JO`« J„â◊^ŒúQÍ,
J*Ï„QÆ`QΫ Í „Ѩ=iÎã∂¨ Î =ÙO\Ï=Ú. h\˜ q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ KÕã#≤ >Ë¡ PǨ~° q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ ‰õÄ_® `«ÑC¨ Å∞ KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl=Ú. â◊s~åxH˜ PǨ~°=Ú J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ ѨÙ_»∞
`«#H˜ PǨ~°O HÍ"åÅx PHõe ~°∂ѨOÖ’ J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# PǨ~°O "Õ~°∞, =∞#O WKÕÛ PǨ~°O "Õ~°∞. W^Õ q^èŒOQÍ
â◊s~°OÖ’x q∞ye# =¸_»∞ Éèí∂`åÅ#∞ „Ѩu ~ÀE "å_»∞HõÖ’ `«iy, uiy HÍ"åÅx J_çy#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞#O "å\˜x JOkã¨∂Î =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ
™êQÆ∞`«∞O>ˇ â◊s~°O =∞# K≥ÑC¨ KÕ`Ö« ’¡ =ÙO@∞Ok. JÖÏ H͉õΩO_® Jk J_çQˆ k XHõ\,˜ =∞#O áÈ¿ãk "Õ~˘Hõ\˜ J~Ú`Õ â◊s~°O K≥ÑÊ≤ #@∞¡ =∞#O
q<åeû =ã¨∞ÎOk *Ï„QÆ`«Î =∞i!
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞ =ÙO_»_»OÖ’ ~°Ç¨Ï㨺O Uq∞@O>ˇ â◊s~°OÖ’ [iˆQ „Ѩu Ѩx h\˜ ã¨=∞Hõ∆OÖ’<Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂
LO@∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’x =¸_»∞ =O`«∞ŠѨ#∞ÅxflO\˜h hˆ~ KÕã∞¨ OÎ ^Œx K≥Ñʨ =K«∞Û. „Ѩu Hõ} ∆ O ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞ JOk`Õ<Õ â◊s~°O `«#∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ"åeû#
q^èŒ∞Å#∞ ZѨÊ\˜HõѨC_»∞ `«fi~°QÍ, ã¨=∞~°÷=O`«OQÍ KÕã≤ P~ÀQͺxfl ~°H˜∆ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. KÕuxO_® ã¨iѨ_® _»|∞ƒ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩx U^≥·<å Ѩx
„áê~°Oaè¿ãÎ P Ѩx `«fi~°QÍ Ñ¨ÓiÎ J=Ù`«∞Ok. JÖψQ =O\˜H˜ ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞ JO^Œ∞`«∂ LO>ˇ â◊s~° q^èŒ∞Åhfl `«fi~°QÍ J=Ù`«∞O\Ï~Ú. XHõ
=O`«∞ „áê=ÚYºO L#fl PǨ~åxfl ã¨iѨ_® ~ÀE fã¨∞HÀQÆÅ∞æK«∞<åfl=Ú QÍh =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ „áê=ÚYºO L#fl h\˜x ã¨iQÍ „`åQÆ_»O
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀÖËHõ áÈ`«∞<åfl=Ú. PǨ~°=Ú XHõ ѨÓ@ u#HõáÈ~Ú<å, XHõ ~ÀA u#HõáÈ~Ú<å â◊s~åxH˜ #+¨ì=ÚO_»^Œ∞. â◊s~°OÖ’ ^•yÜ«Ú#fl
PǨ~° xÅ∞=Å∞ PǨ~°O =∂x# ~ÀA# LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. J^Õ h~°∞ J~Ú`Õ XHõ ѨÓ@ „`åQÆHõ áÈ~Ú<å, XHõ ~ÀA „`åQÆHõ
áÈ~Ú<å P Hõ} ∆ "Õ∞ ֒ѨŠW|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ~å=_»O „áê~°OÉèOí J=Ù`å~Ú. x#fl ÉÏQÍ „`åQÍ=Ú QÆ^• ÖË^• L^ŒÜ∞« =Ú Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÍ=ÚQÆ^•,
P h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ PǨ~°=ÚÖÏQÍ xÅ∞= LO_ç =∞# J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°ÛQÆÅ^Œ∞ JO>Ë á⁄~°áê>Ë. ZѨC_»∞ „`åy# h\˜=Å# JѨC_Õ ÖÏÉèíO.
á⁄@ì #∞O_ç PǨ~°O MÏm J~Ú#@∞¡QÍ<Õ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç h~°∞ JÖÏ U ѨÓ@‰õΩ P ѨÓ@ MÏm J=Ù`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok. MÏm J~Ú# á⁄@ì#∞
=∞~°ÖÏ xOѨÙ`«∂ L#fl>Ë¡, MÏm JÜÕ∞º h\˜x ZѨÊ\˜HõѨC_»∞ xOѨÙ`«∂ LO_®e. MÏm JÜÕ∞º h\˜x PǨ~°OÖÏQÍ xOѨىõΩ<Õ JÅ"å@∞
=∞#O^ŒiÖ’ ZѨC_»∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À =∞i.
=∞#O u<Õ PǨ~°O ^•fi~å â◊s~åxH˜ ѨÓiÎ „ѨÜ≥∂[#O KÕ‰õÄ~åÅO>Ë Jk h\˜`À<Õ ™ê^茺O. h~°∞ KåÅ#ѨC_»∞ ZO`« =∞Oz PǨ~°O
ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯= u<åfl, ZO`« Ys^Œ∞ J~Ú#k u<åfl ^•x`À ÖÏÉèíO â◊s~åxH˜ =KÕÛk KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=. =∞x+≤ WѨC_»∞ u<Õ PǨ~°O KåÖÏ
Z‰õΩ¯=. JO`« Z‰õΩ¯= u<åfl `«‰Ωõ ¯= â◊Hˆ Î =∞x+≤H˜ L#flk. WѨC_»∞ u#fl^•O\’¡ 50âß`«O `«yOæ z ux WOHÍ ~Ô \˜Oì Ѩ٠â◊H`
Θ À, Z‰õΩ¯= QÆO@Å∞
ѨxKÕÜ∞« =K«∞Û. Jk ZѨC_»∞ JO>Ë h\˜H˜ =¸_»∞=O`«∞Å∞ „áê=ÚYº=Ú#∞ WzÛ „`åy#ѨC_»∞. <Õ#∞ D „ѨÜ∂≥ QÍxfl <å g∞^Œ, Z<Àfl =O^ŒÅ
=∞Ok g∞^Œ KÕã≤ K«∂™ê#∞. JO^ŒiÖ’ â◊HΘ ™ê=∞~å÷ºÅ∞, Z‰õΩ¯= QÆO@Å∞ Hõ+Ñì¨ _¨ ®¤ JÅã¨@, PÜ«∂ã¨O ÖˉΩõ O_® Ѩx`«#O ÃÑ~°Q_Æ O» QÆ=∞xOKå#∞.
=¸_»∞=O`«∞Å h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ#flk ZO`« ÖÏÉèÏxfl Hõeæã¨∞Î#fl^Œ#flk J#∞Éèíq¿ãÎ QÍh `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. K≥@∞ì‰õΩ |ÅO ~å=_®xH˜ "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ ¿Ñ_»QÍh,
Z~°∞=ÙQÍh "Õ™êÎ=Ú. XHõ ^ÀÃã_»∞ Z~°∞=Ù "Õ¿ãÎ ^•xH˜ 10 ^ÀÃãà◊§h~°∞ "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ áÈ™êÎ=Ú. P Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯= Z~°∞=Ù#∞ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩx „"Õà§◊ ‰õΩ
KÕi, JHõ¯_»#∞O_ç H˘=∞‡Å‰õΩ Ô~=∞‡Å‰õΩ z=~°‰õΩ P‰õΩÅ=~°‰õΩ P Z~°∞=ÙÖ’x ™ê~åxfl "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥o§ K≥@ìO`å P |ÖÏxfl JOkã¨∞ÎOk.
Z~°∞=Ù‰õΩ ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞ L#flѨC_Õ W^ŒO`å [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. PǨ~°O "Õ~°∞, Z~°∞=Ù "Õ~°∞ J~Ú#ѨÊ\˜H© =∞#Ö’ [iˆQk ‰õÄ_® WO`Õ.
=∞#Ö’ L#fl =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å h~°∞ ZHõ¯_≥Hõ¯_» ZO`« LO@∞Ok, U ~°∂ѨOÖ’ LO@∞Ok, Uq∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok, h~°∞
`«‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞ â◊s~°O ZÖÏ W|ƒOk Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok, h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞ ZÖÏ LO@∞Ok, h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ ZO`« Y~°∞Û J=Ù`«∂ LO@∞Ok,
h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨC_»∞ ZÖÏO\˜ ÅHõ∆}ÏÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú, H˜_ôflʼnõΩ h\˜H˜ L#fl ã¨O|O^èŒO, LѨC‰õΩ h\˜H˜ L#fl ã¨O|O^èŒO "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ q+¨Ü«∂Å#∞
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO>ËQÍh h~°∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÍÅ#flk =∞#‰õΩ J~°÷O HÍ^Œ∞. q+¨Ü«∞=Ú J~°÷O HÍx^Õ U Ѩh KÕÜ«∞ÖË=Ú. J~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂,
PÖ’zã¨∂Î =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥o`Õ â◊s~° ^èŒ~°‡OÖ’ h\˜ áê„`« ZO`«<Õk g∞‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
WѨC_»∞ K≥ѨÊÉ’ÜÕ∞ â◊s~° âß„ã¨ÎO h\˜H˜, Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ, ~°HÍÎxH˜ L#fl Jq<åÉèÏ= ã¨O|O^èŒO ™ê=∂#º „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ J~°÷O
HÍHõáÈ=K«∞Û. „ѨÜ∞« uflOK«O_ç. J~°O÷ HÍx KÀ@ =ke "ÕÜ∞« O_ç. D q+¨Ü∂« Å∞ =∂ÔHO^Œ∞‰õΩ Jx J#HõO_ç. =ÚO^Œ∞ J^蕺ܫ∞OÖ’<Õ H˘O`«=∞OkH˜
J~°÷OHÍx H˘xfl q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ „"åã¨∞Î#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∞~ÀÖÏ ÉèÏqOK«HõO_ç. `«~°∞"å`« P^蕺ܫ∂Å∞ Jhfl ã¨∞Å∞=ÙQÍ<Õ L<åfl~ÚÖˇO_ç g∞HÀã¨O.
K«^∞Œ =<å~°OaèOK«O_ç.
1. â◊s~°OÖ’ LO_Õ h~°∞ :
â◊s~°OÖ’ 68% h~°∞ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x =ÙO@∞Ok. "≥Ú`«ÎO â◊s~°OÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h~°∞ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ "åºÑ≤Oz =ÙO@∞Ok.
Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ"åxfl Intra Cellular Fluid (Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O)Jh, Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ"åxfl Extra
Cellular Fluid (Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O) Jx JO\Ï~°∞. Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O qq^èŒ ~°∂áêÖ’¡ "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ „Ѩ^ÕâßÅÖ’
â◊s~°OÖ’ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x =ÙO@∞Ok.
1. ~°HõÎOÖ’x áê¡™ê‡ (Plasma)
2. Hõ}ÏÅH© Hõ}ÏÅH© =∞^茺# P„Hõq∞Oz =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O (Interstitial fluid)
3. "≥∞^Œ_∞» ֒ѨÅ, "≥#∞fláê=Ú Ö’Ñ¨Å =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
4. TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅ |Ü«∞@ á⁄~°Å =∞^茺 =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O (Serous Fluid)
=∞iÜ«Ú á⁄@ìÖ’ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å#∞ HõÑ≤Ê=ÙOKÕ ÃÑi\’xÜ«∞OÖ’ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O (Peritonial Fluid)
5. H©à◊§ ã¨O^Œ∞Ö’¡ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O (Synovial Fluid)
6. r~å‚k~°™êÅ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ"åÅ∞ (Digestive Juices)
7. =¸„`«O (Urine)
ÃÑ·# Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ= Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú QÆ∞iOz K≥Ñ≤Ê#>Ë¡ WѨÙ_»∞ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O QÆ∞iOz K«∂^•ÌO. â◊s~°OÖ’x „Ѩu
J=Ü«∞==Ú H˘xfl Hõ}ÏÅ ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∞=Ú. qq^èŒ J=Ü«∞"åÅ Hõ}ÏÅÖ’x h\˜âß`«O "Õ~°∞"Õ~°∞QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. â◊s~°O JO`«\Ï =ÙO_Õ
HõO_»~åÅ∞, QÆ∞O_≥ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ HõO_»~åÅ∞, "≥∞^Œ_»∞, TÑ≤i u`«∞ÎÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ J=Ü«∞"åÅ Hõ}*ÏÅ=ÚÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h\˜ âß`«O P J=Ü«∞"åÅ
"≥Ú`«ÎO |~°∞=ÙÖ’ 70–80% =ÙO@∞Ok. e=~°∞, K«~°‡OÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h~°∞ – 70% Z=ÚHõÅÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h~°∞ – 20%. XHõ =∞x+≤ 70 ˆHrÅ |~°∞=Ù
=Ù#flѨÙÊ_»∞ J`«xÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h~°∞ 43 b@~°∞¡. WO^Œ∞Ö’ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O 11 b@~°∞¡ J~Ú`Õ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O 32
b@~°∞¡ (h~°∞). J^Õ 57 ˆHrÅ |~°∞=Ù =Ù#fl „ã‘ÎÖ’ =ÙO_Õ h~°∞ 29 b@~°∞¡. WO^Œ∞Ö’ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O 8.5 b@~°∞¡ J~Ú`Õ Hõ}ÏÅ
֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O 20.5 b@~°∞¡. WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ â◊s~°OÖ’ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, "≥Å∞ѨŠh~°∞ U q^èŒOQÍ P„Hõq∞OK«∞H˘x =Ù#fln `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<åflO.
WѨÙ_»∞ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ"åÅ∞ U q^èŒOQÍ xÜ«∞O„uOK«|_»`åÜ≥∂ K«∂^•ÌO.
2. Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ"åÅ xÜ«∞O„`«} : Hõ}O ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ „^Œ= Ѩ^•~°÷OÖ’x h\˜ âß`åxfl, Hõ}O |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ
Ѩ^•~°÷OÖ’x h\˜âß`åxfl ™È_çÜ«∞O (LѨÙÊ), á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O J<Õ Å=}ÏÅ∞ ã¨=∞`«∞źO KÕã¨∂Î =ÙO\Ï~Ú. D Ô~O_»∞ Å=}ÏÅ HÍ~°}OQÍ<Õ
Hõ}O h\˜x ֒ѨeH˜, |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~å KÕ¿ã â◊H˜Îx Hõey =ÙO@∞Ok.
Hõ}O ֒Ѩe „^Œ= Ѩ^•~°÷OÖ’ ™È_çÜ«∞O âß`«O `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O âß`«O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok.
™È_çÜ«∞O ´ 20 q∞.„QÍ. / b@~°∞
á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O ´ 110 q∞.„QÍ / b@~°∞
nxH˜ =ºuˆ~HõOQÍ Hõ}O |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ= Ѩ^•~°÷OÖ’ ™È_çÜ«∞O âß`«O Z‰õΩ¯= =ÙO_ç, á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O âß`«O `«‰õΩ¯= =ÙO@∞Ok.
™È_çÜ«∞O ´ 143 q∞.„QÍ / b@~°∞
á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O ´ 5 q∞.„QÍ / b@~°∞
Hõ}O K«@∂ì =ÙO_Õ Ñ¨Å∞K«x á⁄~° (Hõ}á⁄~°) h\˜x, ™È_çÜ«∞O, á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O Å=}ÏÅ#∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ, ֒ѨʼnõΩ ѨOѨ_®xH˜ J#∞=ÙQÍ
=ÙO@∞Ok. nx^•fi~å<Õ Hõ}ÏÅ #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@‰õΩ, ֒ѨʼnõΩ ã¨~°Ñ¶¨~å [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
Hõ}O ֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ ™È_çÜ«∞O, á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O x+¨Ê`«∞ÎÅ∞ ÃÑ· q^èŒ=ÚQÍ =Ù#flѨÙÊ_Õ Hõ}O ֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ h\˜âß`«O
=ÙO_»=Åã≤# ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ =ÙO@∞Ok. =∞#O PǨ~°OÖ’ LѨÙÊ Z‰õΩ¯= fã≤H˘<åfl, â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O ÉÏQÍ `«yæ<å Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@
=ÙO_Õ h\˜ âß`«O =∂~°∞`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok.
LѨÙÊH˜, h\˜H˜ =Ù#fl ã¨O|O^èŒO:
~°HõÎOÖ’ ™È_çÜ«∞O (LѨÙÊ) Z‰õΩ¯= =Ù#flѨÙÊ_»∞ ~°HõÎO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü ÃÑiy Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =Ù#fl h~°∞ (Interstitial
Fluid) ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. J^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~°HõÎOÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =Ù#fl LѨÙÊ ~°HõÎO #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=OÖ’xH˜
KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. ZѨÙÊ_≥·`Õ WHõ¯_çH˜ LѨÙÊ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO^À Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨŠ=ÙO_Õ h~°∞ ‰õÄ_® Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÖÏQÆ|_»∞`«∞Ok. Hõ}ÏÅ∞ h\˜x
HÀÖ’Ê=_»O =Å# Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ [iˆQ ~°™êÜ«∞xHõ K«~°ºÅ∞ ^≥|ƒuO\Ï~Ú. Hõ}ÏÅ∞ =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ `˘ÅyOK«∞H˘<Õ â◊H˜Îx HÀÖ’Ê`å~Ú. LѨÙÊ
Z‰õΩ¯= u<Õ "åiH˜ H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ H©à√◊ § "åѨÙÅ∞, =ÚYO "åѨ٠Jn K«∂ã¨∂Î LO\Ï=Ú. nxH˜ HÍ~°}O ÃÑ·# K≥ÑÊ≤ #@∞¡QÍ Hõ}ÏŠ֒Ѩe h~°∞,
~°HõÎOÖ’x h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ KÕ~°_»"Õ∞. J^Õ "åѨÙÅ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ HõxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. ~°HõÎOÖ’ LѨÙÊ Z‰õΩ¯= J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•xfl |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
<≥@ì_®xH˜ =¸„`« Ñ≤O_®Å∞ „Ѩܫ∞uflOz Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`åxfl qã¨i˚™êÎ~Ú.
3. h~°∞ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ KÕ~°∞ q^è•#O:
~°HõÎO #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ, Hõ}ÏÅ #∞O_ç ~°HÍÎxH˜ x~°O`«~°O h\˜ =∂iÊ_ç [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂<Õ LO@∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å ^•fi~å
Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ|_ç ~°HÍÎxH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. ~°HõÎO#∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ U q^èŒOQÍ KÕ~°∞`«∞O^À ÃÑ·# wz# ÉÁ=∞‡ P^è•~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
~°HõÎOÖ’ #∞O_ç h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=OÖ’xH˜ „Ѩܫ∂}˜OK«_®xH˜, Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨeH˜
„Ѩܫ∂}˜OK«_®xH˜ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü HÍ~°}=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü JO>Ë Uq∞\’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü (Osmatic Pressure) : Ô~O_»∞ "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ ™êO„^Œ`«Å∞ QÆÅ „^•=}ÏÅ#∞ XHõ ѨÅ∞K«x á⁄~°`À "Õ~°∞ KÕã≤#ѨÙ_»∞
`«‰õΩ¯= ™êO„^Œ`«QÆÅ „^•=}OÖ’ #∞O_ç h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= ™êO„^Œ`«QÆÅ „^•=}OÖ’xH˜ „Ѩܫ∂}˜OK«_®xH˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_Õ Ñ‘_»# â◊H˜Îx ''P™ê‡\˜H±
„ÃÑ+¨~ü—— JO\Ï~°∞.
ÃÑ·# z„`«OÖ’ K«∂Ñ≤Oz# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ ~°HõÎO XHõ „^•=}=∞#∞‰õΩO>Ë, Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =ÙO_Õ Ñ¨^•~°÷"≥ÚHõ „^•=}=Ú. D Ô~O_»∞ „^•=}ÏÅ
=∞^茺 ã¨∂Hõ∆‡ ~°HõÎ<åà◊O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ QÀ_» ѨÅ∞K«x á⁄~°QÍ D Ô~O_çO\˜h "Õ~°∞ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. D á⁄~° ^•fi~å ~°HõÎO #∞O_ç Hõ}O |Ü«∞@ #∞#fl
„^Œ=OÖ’xH˜ h\˜ =∂iÊ_ç ZÖÏ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À K«∂^•ÌO. J^Õ q^èŒOQÍ Hõ}O K«∞@∂ì =Ù#fl á⁄~° ^•fi~å Hõ}O |Ü«∞@, ֒ѨŠh\˜ =∂iÊ_ç
‰õÄ_® [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ ֒ѨŠ[iˆQ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ : =∞#O „Ѩu~ÀE Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# 1 b@~°∞ #∞O_ç 1.5 b@~°∞¡ =~°‰õÄ hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ
=∞Oz^Œx „`åQÆ∞`«∂ =ÙO\Ï=Ú. KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ JO`« h~°∞ XHõ¯™êˆ~ „`åy`Õ ~°HõÎO ѨÅ∞K«|_»∞`«∞O^Œx, ~°HõÎOÖ’x „ÃÑ+¨~ü ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx,
H˜_ôflʼnõΩ W|ƒOk HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ JáÈǨÏÅ`À Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x „`åQÆ_®xH˜ ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»∞`«∂, „`åˆQ"åix K≥_»Q˘_»∞`«∂ =ÙO\Ï~°∞.
J^≥O`« ã¨`«º^Œ∂~°"≥∂, h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# JÖÏO\˜ #ëêìÖËg [~°QÆ=x âß„ã¨ÎѨ~°OQÍ x~°∂Ñ≤OK«|_ç#k. l*Ï˝ã¨∞=ÙÅH˘~°‰õΩ
Oxford University Press "å~°∞ „ѨK«∞iOz# Samson Wright's Applied Physiology ѨÙã¨ÎHõOÖ’ 35 ¿ÑrÖ’
KåÑì̈~üx iѶÔ̈~#∞û H˘~°‰õΩ „ѨK«∞iã¨∞Î<åflO.
REGULATION OF WATER BALANCE AND COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS BY THE KIDNEY
Water Diuresis
If 1-2 litres of water are drunk, particularly on an empty stomach, absorption takes place rapidly from the
intestine. The passage of water into the blood slightly dilutes the plasma

and decreases its crystalloid o.p. by about 3 per cent. (i.e., corresponding to a decrease of concentration
of about 10 milliosmoles per litre) the plasma volume increases slightly. These changes are so small because
the excess water is distributed throughout 50 litres of body water, and the kidneys increase the loss of fluid in the urine.
Body Fluid Changes
The trivial dilution of the plasma proteins decreases their osmotic pressure to a negligible extent (e.g., from 25 mm. to 24 mm.
Hg); likewise no significant rise occurs in the capillary blood pressure. The flow of water out of the blood vessels is the result
of the decreased crystalloid o.p. of the plasma.

The crystalloid o.p. of the interstitial fluid is higher than the reduced o.p. of the plasma; water therefore passes from the plasma
into the interstitial spaces. (Electrolytes simultaneously diffuse in the other direction, i.e., from the interstitial fluid into the plasma,
but the rate of movement of the water in the opposite direction is faster and more important. At equilibrium the volume of both
plasma and interstitial fluid is increased and both fluids which together comprise the ECF have an identical but lower crystalloid
o.p.)

The balance that is normally maintained between intra and extracellular fluid is disturbed, and owing to the fall in crystalloid
o.p. of the ECF, fluid enters the cells. Finally the ingested water is distributed equally throughout all the body water and all the
body fluids have a slightly lower crystalloid o.p. If there were no renal response and if the 2 litres of water ingested were to
be stored in the 45 litres of body water the crystalloid o.p. would fall by only 4.4 per cent.
Renal Changes

A renal response occurs after a latent period of 15-30 minutes [Fig. 3]; the flow of urine rises (from the 'resting' value of 50
ml. per hr.) to its peak usually within an hour and a half when a maximum excretory rate of 1300 ml. per hr. (22 ml. per min.)
may be attained; the diuresis declines and is usually over in 3 hours by which time the excess urinary output has about equalled
the excess fluid intake.

As the volume of urine increases, its specific gravity falls, e.g., to 1001; there may be a slight total increased excretion of NaCl
and urea during the diuresis although the percentage concentration of these substances is, of course, very low. This initial washing
out of solids is compensated for by a lessened rate of excretion after the diuresis is over. The point to emphasize however is
that the kidney responds selectively by an enormous increase in water output with little associated loss of solids. There are no
changes in renal dynamics. There is no increase in renal blood flow; there is no increase in G.F.R. unless the urinary volume
exceeds 900 ml. per hr.; it is quite clear therefore that the diuresis is due to decreased reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.
A urinary output of 900 ml. per hour (=15 ml. per minute) means that, of every 130 ml. of glomerular filtrate although 16 ml.,
as usual, reach the distal tubule per minute, 15 ml. are allowed to escape in the urine (compared with 1 ml. as normally).

The level of diuresis is of the same order of magnitude as that seen in clinical diabetes insipidus and is likewise due to lack of
ADH. The dilution of the plasma crystalloids switches off' the hypothalamico-hypophyseal mechanism responsible for ADH secretion.
It will be noted that the dilution of the plasma precedes the onset of diuresis. During this period it may be supposed that the
circulating ADH is being destroyed and that no fresh ADH is being secreted; as the blood ADH level falls diuresis sets in.

Fig.3-Changes
Fig.3 in urine volume and plasma crystalloid osmotic pressure after drinking 1000 ml. of water in man. Urine volume
in ml. per hour. Change in plasma crystalloid osmotic pressure in milli-osmoles per litre. The maximal fall in plasma crystalloid
osmotic pressure is about 10 milli-osmoles per litre. The dilution of the plasma precedes by about 15 minutes the onset of
diuresis. [After Baldes and Smirk (1934) F. Physiol. (Lond.) 82.)

JO`« h~°∞ XˆH™êi „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ֒ѨŠZÖÏO\˜ #+¨ì=¸ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ~å^À WѨÙ_»∞ K«∂^•ÌO.
=∞#O XˆH™êi 1,2 b@~°¡ h~°∞ =~°‰Äõ MÏm Hõ_∞» ѨÙ`À „`åy#ѨÙÊ_»∞ H˘kÌ xq∞ëêÖ’¡<Õ KåÖÏ `«fii`«OQÍ P h\˜x á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ Ñ‘Å∞ÛH˘O\Ï~Ú.
„¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ Ñ‘Å∞ÛH˘#fl h~°∞ ~°HÍÎxH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. nx =Å# ~°HõÎOÖ’x áê¡™ê‡ H˘kÌQÍ Ñ¨Å∞K«|_»∞ `«∞Ok. JÖÏ ~°HõÎO ѨÅ∞K«|_ç#ѨÊ\˜H© áê¡™ê‡
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~üÖ’ K≥ѨÙÊHÀ^ŒQÆæ =∂ˆ~Êg∞ =ÙO_»^Œ∞. áê¡™ê‡ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü 25 mm Hg. #∞O_ç 24 mm Hg. H˜ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
~°HõÎO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩi=∂}O H˘kÌQÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯= hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ~°HõÎOÖ’ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=. ZO^Œ∞KÕ`«#O>Ë
=∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ #∞#fl "≥Ú`«ÎO 43 b@~°¡ h\˜`À HõÅã≤ â◊s~°=∞O`å „Ñ¨Ü«∂}˜ã¨∞ÎOk. HÍÑ≤Å¡s |¡_£ „ÃÑ+¨~üÖ’ =∂ˆ~Êg∞ =ÙO_»^Œ∞.
~°HõÎOÖ’x P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü `«QÆæ_»O =Å# ~°HõÎO#∞O_ç h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺 #∞#fl „^Œ=OÖ’xH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. ZO^Œ∞KÕ`«#O>Ë ~°HõÎOÖ’x
P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü HõO>Ë Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =Ù#fl „^Œ=OÖ’x P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü Z‰õΩ¯= =ÙO@∞Ok. D q^èŒOQÍ ~°HõÎO #∞O_ç h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@
#∞O_Õ „Ѩ^Õâ◊OÖ’xH˜ KÕ~°_»O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflO. WѨÙ_»∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ #∞O_Õ „^Œ=OÖ’ #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏÅ֒ѨeH˜ U q^èŒOQÍ KÕ~°∞ ‰õΩO@∞O^À
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
~°HõÎO#∞O_ç h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=OÖ’xH˜ KÕˆ~ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’<Õ nxH˜ =ºuˆ~Hõ kâ◊Ö’ Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺 #∞O_Õ „^Œ=OÖ’x ™È_çÜ«∞O,
á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O Å=}ÏÅ∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥àÏÎ~Ú. ZѨÙÊ_≥·`Õ ™È_çÜ«∞O, á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥àÏÎÜ≥∂ JѨÙ_»∞ Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺# =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=O
Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. Hõ}O ֒ѨŠP™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü Hõ}ÏÅ =∞^茺 =Ù#fl „^Œ=O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=
=ÙO_»@O =Å# Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ #∞#fl h~°∞ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅH˜ „ѨÜ∂« }˜ã∞¨ OÎ k. D q^è=Œ ÚQÍ =∞#O fã¨∞H˘#fl h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’x Hõ}ÏÅxflO\˜Ö’xH˜
ã¨=∂#OQÍ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. WѨÙ_»∞ =∞#O „`åy# Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜=Å# H˜_ôflÅÖ’ ZÖÏO\˜ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ =™êÎÜ≥∂ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
MÏm Hõ_»∞ѨÙ`À 2 b@~°∞¡ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ H˜_ôflÅÖ’ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞Ê : P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞x â◊s~°OÖ’x H˜_ôflÅ∞ QÆO@H˜ 50 q∞.b. K˘Ñ¨ÙÊ#
=¸„`«=Ú#∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. XHõ QÆO@Ö’ H˜_ôflÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ K≥Ü«∞ºQÆÅ QÆi+¨ª =¸„`«=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩiq∞u 1300 q∞.b. =~°‰õÄ
=ÙO@∞Ok. XHõ™êi D QÆi+¨ª Ѩiq∞u =~°‰õÄ =¸„`«=Ú `«Ü«∂Ô~·# `«~åfi`« =¸„`«=Ú `«Ü«∂~°=fi_»O „Hõ=∞OQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. W^Õ
q^èŒOQÍ =∞#O XˆH™êi „`åy# Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜=Å¡ „`åy# QÆO@ QÆO@#fl~° ֒Ѩ٠1300 q∞.b. =~°‰õÄ =¸„`«=Ú `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. `«~°∞"å`«
H˘kÌQÍ =∂„`«"Õ∞ =¸„`«=Ú `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# 3 QÆO@Å֒Ѩ٠ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞„`åy`Õ JO`« h\˜H˜ ã¨=∂#OQÍ =¸„`«
qã¨~°˚# [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JO`ÕHÍx h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡
1. H˜_ôflŠѨx f~°∞Ö’, â◊HÎ̃Ö’ `Õ_® Ug∞ ~å^Œ∞.
2. H˜_ôflÅÖ’xH˜ „Ѩ=Ç≤ÏOKÕ ~°HõÎO âß`«O ÃÑ~°QÆ^Œ∞.
3. H˜_ôflÅ∞ =_»Hõ>Ëì ˆ~@∞ ‰õÄ_® =∂~°^Œ∞.
Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«=Ú qã¨i˚OѨ|_»@O =Å# =¸„`«OÖ’ áÈÜÕ∞ ™È_çÜ«∞O HÀ¡Ô~·_£, Ü«¸iÜ«∂ =∂=¸Å∞ HõO>Ë H˘OK≥O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
áÈ`å~Ú. JO`ÕHÍx â◊s~åxH˜ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^•~å÷ÖËg∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=Ù. =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, â◊s~åxH˜ J#=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞
qã¨i˚OѨ|_»`å~Ú.
Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O ~å=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O: =∂=¸Å∞QÍ H˜_ôflÅ∞ ~°HÍÎxfl =_»Hõ\˜ì#ѨÙ_»∞ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# h\˜x uiy Ñ‘Å∞ÛH˘x q∞ye#
h\˜x =∂„`«"Õ∞ =¸„`«O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ qã¨i˚™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ =_»Hõ\˜ì# h\˜x uiy Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ"åeû# J=ã¨~°O
=ÙO_»^Œ∞. HÍ|\˜ì P h~°∞ =¸„`«O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk. HÍ|\˜ì =∞#O h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy#ѨÊ\˜H© Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =Ù#fl h\˜x
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ ѨOÑ≤, J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ# "å\˜x |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áȉõΩO_® KÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅ Q˘Ñ¨Ê â◊H˜Î =∞# H˜_ôflʼnõΩ LOk. H˜_ôflʼnõΩ, h\˜H˜ =Ù#fl ã¨O|O^è•xfl
`≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<åflO HÍ|\˜ì ~ÀAH˜ 5,6 b@~°∞¡ hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ H˜_ôflʼnõΩ Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩx J=Ù`«∞O^Œ<Õ JáÈǨÏ`À h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∂x ÖËxáÈx
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ `≥K«∞ÛH˘<Õ HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x ^è≥·~°ºOQÍ „`åy =∞Oz Ѷ¨e`åxfl á⁄O^Œ_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞uflOK«O_ç.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#O h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# â◊s~åxH˜ ÖÏÉèí"Õ∞ HÍx #+¨ìO ÖË^Œ#fl q+¨Ü«∂xfl q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<åflO. WѨÙ_»∞
â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ â◊s~åxH˜ ZÖÏO\˜ Ǩx HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘O^•O.
â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ : „Ѩu ~ÀE =∞# â◊s~°O #∞O_ç h~°∞ =¸„`«O, K≥=∞@, =kÖË QÍe, K«~°‡O
^•fi~å Y~°∞Û J=Ù`«∂ =ÙO@∞Ok. D <åÅ∞æ ~°∂áêÖ’¡ h~°∞ ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç ZO`« |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∞O^À Ѩije^•ÌO.
1. H˜_ôflÅ ^•fi~å =¸„`«O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ 1 #∞O_ç 1.5 b@~°∞¡
2. K«~°‡O ^•fi~å =∞#‰õΩ Hõ#Ѩ_»x K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ H˘O`«, ÃÑ·H˜ Hõ#|_Õ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ H˘O`« "≥Ú`«ÎO ~ÀAH˜ 600 – 800 q∞.b..
K≥=∞@ ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩ\˜ì#ѨÙ_»∞ ~ÀAH˜ – 2 b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∞Ok.
3. TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅ ^•fi~å =∞#O =kÖË QÍeÖ’ 400 – 500 q∞.b.
4. =∞ÅO ^•fi~å 100 q∞.b. =~°‰õÄ qã¨i˚OK«|_»∞`«∞Ok.
D q^èŒOQÍ #+¨ìáÈÜÕ∞ h\˜x „Ѩu~ÀE =∞#O h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å ÉèísÎ KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi Z‰õΩ¯= qˆ~K«<åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞ J=fi_»O
=Å# ‰õÄ_® â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨_çáÈ`«∞Ok. â◊s~°O HÀÖ’Ê~Ú# h\˜x "≥O@<Õ JOkOK«#@¡~Ú`Õ qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# Ѩi}Ï=∂ʼnõΩ
^•ifÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨC_»∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÙO_Õ „^Œ=âß`«O `«QÆæ_»O =Å# ^•x J™ê‡\˜H± „ÃÑ+¨~ü ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JѨÙ_»∞ Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ
=ÙO_Õ h~°∞ Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÖÏQÆ|_»∞`«∞Ok. h\˜x HÀÖ’Ê~Ú# Hõ}ÏÅ∞ =Ú_»∞K«∞H˘xáÈ`å~Ú. nx =Å# Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ [iˆQ ~°™êÜ«∞xHõK«~°º
JO`å K≥_çáÈ`«∞Ok. Hõ}ÏÅ∞ fã¨∞H˘#fl PǨ~°O â◊H˜ÎQÍ =∂~°_®xH˜ J=HÍâ◊=ÚO_»^Œ∞. ™È_çÜ«∞O, á⁄\Ï+≤Ü«∞O Å=}ÏÅ∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
áÈ`å~Ú. =¸„`«O Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩi=∂}O `«Q∞Æ ` æ ∞« Ok. h\˜x #+¨áì È~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ h\˜`Àáê@∞ â◊s~åxH˜ J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ , Ju =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ ZÅ„HÀìÖ\
·ˇ ûò x
‰õÄ_® HÀÖ’Ê`åO.
h\˜ âß`«O `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ H˜_ôflÅÖ’ =KÕÛ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ :
1. =¸„`« Ñ≤O_®ÅH˜ =KÕÛ ~°HõÎOÖ’ =∂ˆ~Êg∞ =ÙO_»^Œ∞.
2. =¸„`«Ñ≤O_®Å∞ =_»Hõ\˜ì# ~°HõÎOÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
3. =¸„`«=Ú `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ "≥à◊√ÎOk.
4. ~°HõÎOÖ’ Ü«¸iÜ«∂, Ü«¸iH± Pã≤_£, „H˜Ü«∂@x<£, á¶ê¿ãÊù@∞¡, #„`«[x ã¨O|O^èŒ "≥∞ÿ# =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú.
5. =¸„`«O Z‰õΩ¯= "≥àıÎQÍx D =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Åhfl |Ü«∞@‰õΩ <≥@ì|_»=Ù.
â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ =KÕÛ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞:
^•Ç¨ÏO, h~°ã¨O, K«~°‡O á⁄_çQÍ J=fi_»O, K«~°‡O ã≤÷u™ê÷ѨHõ`«#∞ HÀÖ’Ê=_»O, Hõà◊√§ QÆ∞O@Å∞ Ѩ_»@O, Hõà◊√§ á⁄_çQÍ J=@O. â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞
`«Q_æÆ O» =Å¡ Zxfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å =ã¨∞<Î åflÜ∞« <Õk ÃÑ·# `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflO. Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_O» =Å# H˜_flô Å∞ `ÕeHõQÍ "å\˜ Ѩx Jq KÕÜ∞« QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú.
~°HÍÎxfl Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíO KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. XHõ _®Hõì~ü QÍ~°∞ (H˜_ôfl ÃãÊ+¨eã¨∞ì) H˜_ôflÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë '4— b@~°¡ HõO>Ë `«‰õΩ¯= H͉õΩO_®
h\˜x „Ѩu ~ÀE „`åQÍÅx \˜.qÖ’ K≥|∞`«∞O_»QÍ <Õ#∞ q<åfl#∞. h~°∞ H˜_ôflʼnõΩ KÕã≤#O`« "Õ∞Å∞ =∞ˆ~n KÕÜ«∞^Œ∞.
â◊s~°OÖ’ Hõ} ã≤÷uÖ’ h~°∞ Uq∞ KÕã¨∞ÎOk? J<Õk âß„ã¨ÎѨ~°OQÍ q=i¿ãÎ =∞Oz^Œx W^ŒO`å „"åÜ«∞_»O [iyOk. KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ WÖÏO\˜
q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ J~°÷O HÍ=Ù. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ WÖÏO\˜ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ „"å¿ãÎQÍh ѨÓiÎQÍ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. =ÚYºOQÍ D J^蕺ܫ∞OÖ’ h~°∞ XHõ¯™êˆ~
Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy<å, Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x ~ÀE „`åy<å â◊s~åxH˜ =KÕÛ #+¨ì=∞O@∂ Ug∞ ÖË^Œx âß„ã‘ÎÜ«∞OQÍ q=iOK«_®xH˜ KÕã≤#^ÕD „Ѩܫ∞`«flO.
â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ áê„`« ZO`« Q˘Ñ¨ÊQÍ L#fl^Œ<Õ q+¨Ü«∂xfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#flѨÙ_»∞ h\˜x „`åˆQ „Ѩܫ∞`«fl=Ú KÕ™êÎ=Ú. q+¨Ü«∞=Ú `≥e¿ãÎ h\˜x
z#flK«∂Ѩ٠Z=~°∂ WHõ K«∂_»~°∞. â◊s~åxH˜ Wxfl ÖÏÉèÏÅ#∞ HõeyOKÕ h\˜x Zxfl „`åQÍe, ZÖÏ „`åQÍe, ZѨÙÊ_»∞ „`åQÍe J<Õ JOâßÅ∞
„Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∂ h\˜x JÖÏ „`åˆQ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕ^•ÌO.
 h~°∞ ZO`« „`åQÍe
„Ѩu~ÀE =∞x+≤ ZO`« h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ#flk ã¨iQÍ `≥eÜ«∞x q+¨Ü«∞O J~ÚºOk. XHõ~°∞ 8 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞O^ŒO>Ë, H˘O^Œ~°∞
3 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÍÅO\Ï~°∞. _®Hõì~°∞¡ ~ÀE ZO`« Y~°∞Û J~Ú`Õ JO`« h\˜x =∞#O uiy „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok JO\Ï~°∞. #∂ºãπ ¿ÑѨ~üûÖ’,
gH©¡ãπÖ’ WOH˘Hõ H˘Å`« K≥|∞`å~°∞. ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} ~åA QÍ~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊk =∞~ÀÖÏ LOk. WO^Œ~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ ^•O\’¡ Uk "åãÎ̈="≥∂, Uk HÍ^À
`≥eÜ«∞Hõ Uq∞ KÕÜ«∂Ö’ `ÀK«Hõ JÜ≥∂=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Ѩ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞ „Ѩ[Å∞. WO`« z#fl q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ ZO^Œ∞H˜O`« uHõ=∞HõÅ∞ =ã¨∞Î<åflÜ«∞O>Ë,
=∞x+≤QÍ [#‡ZuÎ#O^Œ∞ˆH Jx JxÑ≤ã¨∞Î#flk. WÖÏO\˜ z#fl z#fl ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∂Å#∞O_ç =∞#O |Ü«∞@Ѩ_Õ PÖ’K«# WѨÙ_»∞ KÕ^•ÌO.
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ ~ÀE =∞ÅO, =¸„`«O, K≥=∞@, âßfiã¨Å∞, r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞QÆ∞ "å\˜ J=~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ Y~°∞Û JÜÕ∞º h~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞
2.5 b@~°∞¡ LO@∞Ok. Wk JO^ŒiÖ’#∞ „Ѩu~ÀE Y~°∞Û JÜÕ∞º h~°∞. â◊s~° âß„™êÎxfl ѨÓiÎQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl J#∞Éèí=A˝Öˇ·# "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞ D
h\˜ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ K≥¿ÑÊk Uq∞@O>Ë D 2.5 b@~°¡#∞ uiy ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ =∞#O JOk¿ãÎ ã¨iáÈ`«∞O^Œx. JÖÏ Y~°∞Û J~Ú# h\˜x =∞#O
JOkã¨∂Î LO>Ë ZѨÙÊ_»∂ =∞#Ö’ LO_Õ 68 âß`«O h~°∞ `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® LO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì P~ÀQƺO ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞Ok JO\Ï~°∞. =∂#=Ù_»∞
„ѨHõ$uÖ’ `«# H˘~°‰õΩ `«Ü«∂Ô~·# PǨ~åxfl Ü«∞^ä•qkèQÍ áê_»∞KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® uO>Ë PǨ~°OÖ’ `«‰õΩ¯= =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ LO_»@O KÕ`«, P
`«‰õΩ¯= K≥_»∞ D 2.5 b@~°∞¡ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈÜÕ∞ ^•O\’¡<Õ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞Ok. J#∞‰õΩ#fl P~ÀQƺ=Ú JѨÙÊ_»∞ =ã¨∞ÎOk. ѨzÛ PǨ~å<Õfl
ѨÓiÎQÍ u#flѨÙ_»∞ =∞#O 2.5 b@~°¡ h\˜<Õ ~ÀE „`åy`Õ JѨÙ_»∞ U #+¨ìO ÖˉõΩO_® â◊s~°O U "åã¨#Å∂ ~å‰õΩO_® ã¨fiK«ÛùOQÍ LO@∞Ok.
_®Hõì~°∞¡ „`åQÍÅx K≥¿ÑÊ h~°∞ gi q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ #∂\˜H˜ #∂~°∞áêà◊√§ HõÔ~‰õΩì. JÖÏO\˜ ѨzÛ PǨ~åxfl Pk =∂#=Ù_»∞ u<åfl_»∞ QÍh,
D<å\˜ =∂#=Ù_»∞ P J=∞$`åǨ~åxfl =O_ç, "åiÛ, "Õ~ÚOz JO^Œ∞Ö’ <åÅ∞Hõ‰õΩ ã¨iѨ_»QÍ LѨÙÊ, #∂<≥, <≥~Úº, ѨOK«^•~°, =∞™êÖÏÅ#∞
HõÅ∞ѨىõΩO@∂ „Ѩu~ÀE, „ѨuѨÓ\Ï „ѨuѨ^•~å÷xfl áê_»∞KÕã≤ uO@∞<åfl_»∞. D ~°HõOQÍ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤# PǨ~°O uO>Ë =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞
H˘xfl =O^ŒÅ Ô~@∞¡ â◊s~°OÖ’xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „Ѩu~ÀE "≥à◊√`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. D ^ÀëêÅhfl =∞#O „`åˆQ 2.5 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ '50— âß`«O =¿ãÎ
'50— âß`«O â◊s~°OÖ’ LO_çáÈ`å~Ú. P ^ÀëêÅhfl HõiˆQk h\˜Ö’<Õ. P h~°∞ ã¨iѨ_® ÖËHõáÈ`Õ Ö’Ñ¨ÖË ZO_çáÈ`å~Ú. xÅ∞= LO\Ï~Ú.
g∞~°#∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ 2.5 b@~°∞¡ h\˜H˜ â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ∞ fi ֒ѨŠK≥_»O`å ѨÓiÎQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∂ LO>Ë g∞ <À~°∞, ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO, =¸„`«O,
K≥=∞@ Z‰õΩ¯= "åã¨#Å∞ ~å‰õΩO_® LO_®e. â◊s~°OÖ’ =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ q∞ye#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞#O "åã¨#Å ^•fi~å "å\˜x JOK«<å "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û `«Ñ¨Ê
"Õˆ~ ~°HõΠѨsHõ∆Ö’¡ QÍx, ™ê¯xOQ∑ÅÖ’QÍx `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. D "åã¨#Å#∞ |>Ëì h~°∞ =∞#Ö’ `«‰õΩ¯=~Ú#^•, ã¨iáÈ`«∞#fl^• J#flk `ÕeáÈ`«∞Ok.
JO^ŒiH© D "åã¨#Å∞ =∞ã¨∞ÎQÍ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. JO>Ë =∞#O „`åˆQh~°∞ KåÅ_»O ÖË^Œx J~°÷O. 2.5 b@~°∞¡, JO`«HõO>Ë `«‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ â◊s~åxH˜
KåÅ_»O ÖË^Œx J~°÷O J~ÚO^Œ#∞‰õΩO\Ï#∞. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ ÖÏÉèíO Ug∞ ÖË^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì â◊s~åx‰õΩ#fl |OQÍ~°∞ Éèíq+¨º`«∞Î#∞ JÖÏ
`«‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åy áê_»∞KÕã¨∞HÀHõO_ç. =∞#Ö’ L#fl 68 âß`«O h\˜Ö’ Y~°∞Û JÜÕ∞º 2.5 b@~°¡ h\˜x uiy á⁄Ü«∞º_»"Õ∞ =∞# ÉÏ^茺`« HÍ^Œ∞,
^•x`Àáê@∞ 68 âß`«O h~°∞ Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LO_Õ@@∞¡ HÍáê_»∞HÀ=_»O ‰õÄ_® <Õ~°∞ÛHÀ"åe. JÖÏO\˜ Ѩiâ◊√„Éèí`«#∞ JOk=fi_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_®
=∞#O „Ѩu~ÀE h~°∞ „`åQÍe. D Ô~O_»∞ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ ZO`« h~°∞ J=ã¨~°"≥∂ WѨÙÊ_»∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. JÖψQ h\˜H˜,
PǨ~åxH˜ ZO`« eO‰õΩ L#fl^À ‰õÄ_® `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
=∞# â◊s~åxH˜ JxflO\˜HõO>Ë Ju =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k QÍe, `«~°∞"å`« Ju =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k h~°∞, `«~°∞"å`« Ju =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k PǨ~°=Ú. D
â◊s~° x~å‡}OÖ’<Õ QÍeH˜ „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ™ê÷<åxfl, h\˜H˜ kfifÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxfl, PǨ~åxH˜ `«$fÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxfl W=fi_»O [iyOk. =∞#=Ú ‰õÄ_® D
~°Ç¨Ï™êºxfl QÆ∞iÎOz „Ѩu ~ÀE JÖψQ „Ѩ=iÎOKåe. „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ™ê÷#OÖ’<Õ QÍex QÆ∞iÎOz P q^èŒ=ÚQÍ JO^Œ∞HÀQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl=Ú. =∞#
â◊s~°OÖ’ =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å h~°∞, XHõ =O`«∞ Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú#flk. JO>Ë =∞#O ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ h\˜H˜ =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å „áê=ÚYº=Ú#∞ WzÛ,
PǨ~åxH˜ XHõ =O`«∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ W"åfiÅx â◊s~° ^èŒ~°‡O WHõ¯_» K≥|∞`«∞#flk. Wk P~ÀQƺ ^èŒ~°‡O. h~°∞, PǨ~°O q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ =∞#O ZÖÏ
„Ѩ=iÎã∞¨ <Î åfl"∂≥ PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
h~°∞, Ѩ^•~°÷=Ú =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ 68 : 32 x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ L<åfl~Ú. 70 ˆHrÅ∞ |~°∞=Ù#fl =ºH˜ÎÖ’ 43 b@~°¡ h\˜ Ѩi=∂}O "≥Ú`«ÎOQÍ
LO@∞Ok. q∞QÆ`å 27 Hˆ rÅ |~°∞=ÙÖ’ PǨ~°O ^•fi~å `«Ü∂« ~Ô #· Ѩ^•~°=÷ Ú LO@∞Ok. (HõO_»~åÅ∞, #~åÅ∞, Z=ÚHõÅ∞, Hõ}ÏÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q)
„Ѩu ~ÀE =∞#O x„^ŒÖzË # ^ŒQ~æÆ #° ∞O_ô Ѩ_∞» HÀÉ’ÜÕ∞ =~°‰Äõ h\˜ QÆ∞iOz Z‰õΩ¯= PÖ’zã¨∞<Î åfl=∂? uO_ç QÆ∞iOz Z‰õΩ¯= PÖ’zã¨∞<Î åfl=∂?
h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥à◊√`«∞#fl^•? PǨ~°O Z‰õΩ¯= "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ "≥à◊√`«∞#fl^•? Zxfl™ê~°∞¡ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞? Zxfl
™ê~°∞¡ uO@∞<åfl~°∞? Zxfl hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞? ZO`« uO@∞<åfl~°∞? PÖ’zOK«O_ç.
g∞~°∞ WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ ^ÕxÔHO`« „áê=ÚYº=Ú xKåÛ~À, ÃÑ· q+¨Ü«∂ÅÖ’ ZÖÏ „Ѩ=iÎOKå~À, "≥#H˜¯ "≥o§ XHõ¯™êi PÖ’zOK«∞HÀO_ç.
â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ ZÖÏ `å~°∞=∂~°∞ KÕ™ê"≥∂ =∞~˘Hõ¯=∂~°∞ QÆ∞~°∞ÎKÕã¨∞HÀO_ç. â◊s~°OÖ’ kfifÜ«∞ ™ê÷#O P„Hõq∞OK«∞‰õΩ#fl h\˜x fã¨∞H˘x
"≥o§, `«$fÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxH˜ „\Ï<£ûѶ~¨ ü KÕã,≤ `«$fÜ«∞ ™ê÷#OÖ’ L#fl PǨ~åxfl fã¨∞‰õΩ =zÛ kfifÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxH˜ „\Ï<£ûѶ~¨ ü KÕâß~°∞. =∞#
W+¨ì"≥ÚzÛ#@∞¡ WÖÏ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, KÕ~°∞ÊÅ∂ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ â◊s~°O U=∞<åfl =∞#O `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë `«Ü«∂Ô~·# =ã¨∞Î"å? nxH˜ JkèѨu
=∞#=∂? HÍ^Œ∞. HÍ#ѨÙÊ_»∞ â◊s~° QÆ∞}ÏÅ#∞ =∂ˆ~Û J~°›`« =∞#ÔHHõ¯_çk? PÖ’zOK«O_ç. WÖÏO\˜ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, KÕ~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕ™ê=Ú HÍ|>Ëì
=∞#‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOz =∞#efl ˆH∆=∞OQÍ QÆ=∞ºO KÕ~°Û_®xH˜ =zÛ# D â◊s~°=∞<Õ "åǨÏ#O =zÛ# Jã¨Å∞ Ѩxx KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõ áÈ`«∞#flk. D
â◊s~°O`À =∞#=Ú ã¨∞Y=ÚQÍ „Ѩܫ∂}O KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë h\˜H˜ kfifÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxfl, PǨ~åxH˜ `«$fÜ«∞ ™ê÷<åxfl uiy HõeyOz rqOK«_»O
<Õ~°∞ÛHÀ"åe. D q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ J*Ï˝#O WHõ ѨxH˜ ~å^Œ∞.
=¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞, XHõ =O`«∞ PǨ~°O L#fl â◊s~åxfl „Ѩu ~ÀE P~ÀQƺ =O`«OQÍ LOK«∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë, =∞#O ~ÀE ZO`« h~°∞
„`åy ZO`« PǨ~°O uO>Ë ÃÑ· x+¨ÊuÎH˜ ã¨iáÈ`«∞O^À ^•xx `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx PK«i^•Ì=Ú. (3 : 1) PǨ~°O HõO>Ë h~°∞ =¸_»∞ Ô~@∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯=
LO_®Åx WHõ¯_» `≥Å∞ã¨∞Î#flk. =∞#O u<Õ PǨ~åxH˜ =¸_»∞ Ô~@∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. ZO`« `ÕeQÍæ q+¨Ü«∞O
`ÕeáÈ~ÚO^À K«∂™ê~å? 'The greatest truths are the simplest' J#flk WHõ¯_» ã¨`«ºO.
=∞x+≤ ZO`« h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ#fl ^•xH˜ ã¨=∂^è•#O <Õ#∞ K≥ѨÊ#Hõ¯~°ÖË^Œ∞. WHõ¯_» â◊s~°"Õ∞ K≥|∞`«∞#flk. JO^Œi â◊s~åÅ∞ K≥¿ÑÊ Ñ¨~°=∞
~°Ç¨Ï㨺O J^Õ. =∞# â◊s~åxfl, „ѨHõ$ux „Ѩu ~ÀE ZO`À H˘O`« Ѩije¿ãÎ „Ѩf XHõ¯~°∞ `«# P~ÀQƺ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞ `«<Õ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û. XHõ =O`«∞ PǨ~åxH˜ =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞ J<Õk „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~°‡O. J^Õ â◊s~°^èŒ~°‡O ‰õÄ_®.
XHõ =O`«∞ PǨ~°=Ú, =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ h~°∞ JO>Ë Zxfl ˆHrÅ PǨ~°=Ú, Zxfl b@~°¡ hà◊√§ J=ã¨~°=∞=Ù`å~Ú? h~°∞, PǨ~°O
=∞#‰õΩ „Ѩu ~ÀE J=ã¨~°=∞ÜÕ∞ºk =∞# Ѩxx |\ì̃. Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩx KÕã¨∞H˘<Õ "å~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= uO\Ï~°∞. `«‰õΩ¯= Ѩx KÕã¨∞ ‰õΩ<Õ "å~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=
uO\Ï~°∞. WHõ¯_» h\˜x |\˜ì uO_çx x~°‚~ÚOKåÖÏ ÖË^• uO_çx |\˜ì h\˜x x~°‚~ÚOKåÖÏ? =∞#O^ŒiH˜ u#_»O JO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= W+¨ìO
HÍ|\˜ì =ÚO^Œ∞ uO_çx x~°‚~ÚOz `«~°∞"å`« h\˜x ^•xH˜ =¸_»∞ Ô~@∞¡ x~°‚~Ú^•Ì=Ú. =∞x+≤H˜ =∞x+≤H˜ u<Õ uO_ç Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê
LO@∞Ok. Z=~°∞ ZO`« uO>Ë ^•xH˜ =¸_»∞ Ô~@∞¡ hà◊√§ J#flk ã¨=∂^è•#O. 15 ã¨OII ^•\˜# ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ô 50, 60 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û
=KÕÛ =~°‰õÄ ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ JO^Œ~°∂ L^ŒÜ«∞O #∞O_ç ~å„u =~°‰õÄ u<Õk `«∂HõO "Õ¿ãÎ 2 ˆHrÅ∞ |~°∞=ÙO_Õ PǨ~°O uO\Ï~°∞. HÍ|\˜ì 5
#∞O_ç 6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨x Z‰õΩ¯= KÕ¿ã"å~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2.5 – 3 ˆHrÅ =~°‰õÄ PǨ~°O uO\Ï~°∞. "å~°∞ 7,8
b@~°∞¡ „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. JO`« Z‰õΩ¯= uO_ç u<åfl=∞O>Ë Ö’Ñ¨Å‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= =º~°÷O `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. P Z‰õΩ¯= =º~°÷O Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜`À
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ `ÕeQÍæ =KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞#O WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ 2,3 ˆHrÅ PǨ~°O u<åfl=Ú. h\˜x =∂„`«O `≥eÜ«∞Hõ „`åQÆÖË^Œ∞. H˘O^Œ~°∞ 2,3 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞, H˘O^Œ~°∞ 4 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞,
H˘O^Œ~°∞ Ô~O_»∞ b@~°∞¡, ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ =¸_»∞ b@~°∞¡. uO_ç Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=. Zã¨~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= aÜ«∞ºO Z‰õΩ¯=ÖÏ LOk
=∞#Ö’. Zã¨~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ J#flO a~°∞ã¨∞QÍ, ѨÅ∞‰õΩÅ∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. =∞#Ö’ ‰õÄ_® Jxfl =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ zHõ¯|_ç `«fi~°QÍ
[~°∞QÆ=Ù. JHõ¯_»#∞O_ç â◊s~°OÖ’ ~ÀQÆ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. "≥∞Å¡QÍ `«~°∞} "åº^èŒ∞Å∞, P `«~°∞"å`« n~°… "åº^èŒ∞ŠѨÙ<å^Œ∞Å∞
â◊s~°OÖ’ "Õã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. ã¨Ô~·# x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ â◊s~°O ~ÀQÆ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å#∞ <≥\˜ì"Õã≤ Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LOK«∞‰õΩO@∞Ok.
â◊s~° ^èŒ~°‡O „ѨHÍ~°O =∞#O WHõ ~ÀAH˜ 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°Oaè^•ÌO. â◊s~°OÖ’ Y~°∞Û 2.5 b@~°∞¡ áÈQÍ q∞QÆ`å 3 b@~°∞¡
h~°∞, â◊s~°OÖ’x 68 âß`«O h\˜x Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíO KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞ÎOk. WÖÏ 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜`À J@∞ â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ∞, W@∞ qã¨~°˚# „H˜Ü«∞
ÉÏQÍ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ K«Hõ¯\˜ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ g∞~°∞ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=, uO_ç Z‰õΩ¯= KÕ™ê~°∞. JÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ g∞ â◊s~°O
P~ÀQƺO ZÖÏ LO^À g∞‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. WѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç 1,2 <≥ÅÅáê@∞ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞#∞ J^Õ uO_ç`À „`åy K«∂_»O_ç. Ѷ¨e`åÅ∞ ZÖÏ
LO\ÏÜ≥∂, g∞‰õΩ ã¨∞Y=ÚQÍ, `ÕeQÍæ LO^À ÖË^À `ÕeáÈ`«∞Ok. P `«~åfi`« h~°∞ WÖÏ „`åQÍÖÏ, =∂<åÖÏ g∞ˆ~ x~°‚~ÚOK«∞HÀO_ç. g∞‰õΩ
g∞ˆ~ <åºÜ«∞ xˆ~‚`«Å∞. Ѷ¨e`åxfl K≥¿ÑÊk g∞ â◊s~°"Õ∞. WOHÍ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ PÅ㨺O, D Hõ∆}O #∞O_Õ D „ѨÜ≥∂QÆO g∞ÃÑ· „ѨÜ≥∂yOK«∞HÀO_ç.
WOHÍ g∞Ö’ H˘xfl =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ~å"åe. Jq U=∞O>Ë, \˜Ñ¶≤<£ uO^Œ∞~°∞QÍh ~°O_ç ! J<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ<Õ ~°O_ç Jx J_»QÆO_ç.
WOHÍ H˘OK≥O u#O_ç Jx Z‰õΩ¯= ÃÑ>Ëì HõO>Ë WOHÍ H˘OK≥O hà◊√§ „`åQÆO_ç Jx „|u=∂Å_»OÖ’ – ÉÏQÆ∞ Ѩ_»`å~°O_ç. WO\˜H˘zÛ#
K«∞\ÏìxH˜ HÍѶ‘, \©ezÛ HÍÅ∞ëêºxfl ÃÑOKÕHõO>Ë ÃÑ^ŒÌ Ö’\Ï`À hizÛ 5,6 b@~°¡ „ѨÜ≥∂QÍxfl, „ѨÜ≥∂[<åxfl "åiH˜ ѨOK«O_ç.
 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜x ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „`åQÍe
â◊s~åxH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Œ<Õk KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ `≥Å∞ã¨∞. „`åQÆ=Åã≤# Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x ZѨÙÊ_»∞, ZÖÏ „`åQÍÖ’ =∞#‰õΩ Z=~°∂
q=~°OQÍ K≥ѨʉõΩO_® „`åQÆ=∞O@∞<åfl~°∞. 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜x ZѨÙÊ_»∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ JѨÙÊ_»∞, u<Õ@ѨÙÊ_»∞ „`åy`Õ ÖÏÉèÏÅ HõO>Ë #ëêìÅ∞ KåÖÏ
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. D =∞^茺 ¿ÑѨ~üûÖ’, ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÍÅO@∞<åflˆ~ QÍx ZÖÏ „`åQÍÖ’, ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „`åQÍÖ’
q=iOK«~∞° . =∞#O „`åˆQ D 5,6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ fiÛ, â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠѨiâ◊√„Éè"í ∞≥ #ÿ "å`å=~°}O HõeyOK«_®xH˜ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl=Ú.
â◊s~° ÖÏÉèíO H˘~°‰õΩ =∞#O „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ â◊s~° q^èŒ∞Å#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx `«~°∞"å`« „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk. 'U^À QÆ∞_ç¤ Z^Œ∞Ì KÕÖ’ Ѩ_»¤@∞¡—
=∞#O KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ â◊s~°O x~°fiÇ≤ÏOKÕ q^èŒ∞Å#∞ QÆ∂iÛ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
â◊s~° q^èŒ∞Å∞ (Ѩ#∞Å∞) : XHõ ~ÀAx Ô~O_»∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨QÆÅ∞ 12 QÆO@Å∞, ~å„u 12 QÆO@Å∞QÍ qÉèílOKå~°∞. ѨQÆÅ∞ "≥Å∞QÆ∞, ~å„u
pHõ\˜ "Õ~°∞QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. „Ѩu rqH˜ H˘xfl ^èŒ~å‡Å∞<åfl~Ú. ѨQÆÅ∞ ux uiˆQ r=ÙʼnõΩ ~å„uH˜ q„âßOu. ~å„uH˜ ux uiˆQ r=ÙʼnõΩ ѨQÆÅ∞
q„âßOu. =∂#=Ù_»∞ k#K«~°∞_»∞ HÍ|\˜ì ѨQÆÅ∞ 12 QÆOIIÖ’ u#_»O, u~°QÆ_»O KÕ¿ãÎ ~å„u 12 QÆOII u#‰õΩO_®, u~°QƉõΩO_® q„âßOu J<Õ
^è~Œ å‡xH˜ K≥Ok#"å_»∞. Wk =∂#=ÙxH˜ „ѨH$õ u WzÛ# >ˇOÿ >Ë|∞Öò. D xÜ«∞=∂xfl P^è•~°OQÍ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩx â◊s~°OÖ’ q^è∞Œ Å∞ xÜ«∞q∞OѨ|_®¤~Ú.
=∞#O D xÜ«∞=∞O „ѨHÍ~°O #_ç¿ãÎ<Õ P q^èŒ∞Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOѨ|_»`å~Ú ÖË^• "å\˜Ö’ ÉèË^•Å∞ =¿ãÎ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
P q^èŒ∞Å∞ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞ : 1) â◊s~åxH˜ ѨQÆ\˜ _»∂º\© 2) â◊s~åxH˜ ~å„u _»∂º\©. D Ô~O_»∞ _»∂º\©Å∞ "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞. â◊s~°O D Ô~O_»∞
_»∂º\©Å#∞ „Ѩu ~ÀE KÕÜ«∂e. Ô~O_»∞ _»∂º\©Å#∞ ~ÀAÖ’ q_çq_çQÍ KÕ¿ãÎ<Õ â◊s~°O P~ÀQƺOQÍ LO@∞Ok. ѨQÆÅ∞ KÕã≤# _»∂º\©<Õ ~å„uH˜
KÕ~ÚOz<å, ~å„uH˜ KÕ¿ã _»∂º\©<Õ Ñ¨QÆÅ∞ KÕ~ÚOz<å â◊s~°O P~ÀQͺxfl, PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬#∞ HÀÖ’Ê`«∞Ok. ~ÀQÍÅ`À =ÚxyáÈ`«∞Ok.
1) â◊s~åxH˜ ѨQÆ\˜ _»∂º\© : =∞# â◊s~°O „Ѩu ~ÀE ѨQÆÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍŠѨ#∞Å#∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Jq :
"≥Ú^Œ\˜k : fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PǨ~åxfl JiyOK«_»O, Jiy# ^•xfl Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊§_»O, "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥o§# ^•xfl â◊H˜ÎQÍ =∂~°Û_»O,
q_»∞^ŒÅ J~Ú# =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ qã¨~°̊HÍ=Ü«∞"åʼnõΩ KÕ~°Û_»O.
Ô~O_»=k : ~ÀE =∞#Ö’ L#fl Hõ}ÏÅ∞ PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬ J~ÚáÈ~Ú H˘xfl HÀ@∞¡ K«xáÈ`«∞O\Ï~Ú. P K«xáÈ~Ú# Hõ}ÏÅ ™ê÷#OÖ’ „H˘`«Î
Hõ}ÏÅ#∞ `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O.
D Ô~O_»∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞ =∞#Ö’ ã¨=∞~°÷=O`«OQÍ [~°QÍÅO>Ë h\˜ J=ã¨~°O ZO`À LOk. h~°∞ ã¨iQÍ „`åy`Õ<Õ PǨ~åxfl JiyOKÕ ~°™êÅ∞
`«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. h~°∞ „`åy`Õ<Õ Jiy# PǨ~°O ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. h~°∞O>Ë<Õ ~°HõÎOÖ’x PǨ~°O Hõ}ÏÅÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. ã¨Ô~·#
x+¨ÊuÎÖ’ h~°∞O>Ë<Õ Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ PǨ~°O â◊H˜ÎQÍ =∂~°∞Ê K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok. D q^èŒ∞Åhfl h\˜ ã¨=∞Hõ∆OÖ’<Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. D q^èŒ∞Å∞ ѨiѨÓ~°‚OQÍ
[~°QÆ_®xH˜, =∞#O h\˜x ã¨Ô~·# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ã¨iѨ_® „`åy`Õ<Õ ÖÏÉèíO LO@∞Ok. ZѨÙ_»∞ |_ç`Õ JѨÙ_»∞ „`åy`Õ ÖÏÉèíO U =∂„`«O ~å^Œ∞.
2) â◊s~åxH˜ ~å„u _»∂º\© : =∞# â◊s~°O „Ѩu ~ÀE ~å„uѨÓ@ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍŠѨ#∞Å#∞ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Jq:
"≥Ú^Œ\˜k : ѨQÆÅ∞ u#fl PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å ^•fi~å `«Ü«∂Ô~·# =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ =∞ÅO, =¸„`«O, K≥=∞@, HÍ~°ƒ<£ _»Ü«∂ÔH·û_£Å ^•fi~å H˘O`«
=~°‰õÄ Ñ¨QÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã¨i˚OѨ|_»`å~Ú. q∞ye# =º~°ú Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ qã¨i˚OKÕ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O ~å„`«O`å Hõ}ÏÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú.
Ô~O_»=k : „Ѩu ~ÀE =∞#Ö’x Hõ}ÏÅ∞ Z<Àfl [|∞ƒ# Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. P [|∞ƒ Ѩ_»¤ Hõ}ÏÅ#∞ i¿Ñ~°∞ KÕ¿ã HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O KÕã¨∞ÎOk.
JÖψQ =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ U"≥∞ÿ<å W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =zÛ<å, ^≥|ƒÅ∞ `«ye<å, J<å~ÀQƺO QÆey<å "å@xflO\˜#∞O_ç =∞#efl i¿Ñ~°∞ KÕã≤ ~°H˜∆OKÕ
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O Jx ‰õÄ_® K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û.
~å„u ѨÓ@ Hõke=KÕÛ =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞, <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ~°∂áêÅ QÆ∞O_® ѨÓiÎQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã¨i˚OKåÅO>Ë Jq Jhfl h\˜Ö’ Hõiy`Õ QÍx
„Ѩܫ∂}O KÕÜ«∞=Ù. =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ÉÏQÍ Hõiy |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å"åÅO>Ë ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞ „`åQÆHõáÈ`Õ Jq Jhfl ֒ѨÖË ZO_»∞‰õΩ áÈ`å~Ú. QÍe,
h~°∞ ã¨iѨ_® LO>Ë<Õ â◊s~°O ~å„uѨÓ@ i¿Ñ~°∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. ~å„uѨÓ@ â◊s~°O KÕã¨∞HÀ"åeû# q^èŒ∞Å∞ ã¨=∞~°ú=O`«OQÍ [~°QÍÅO>Ë
^•xH˜ HÍ"åe ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞! ã¨Ô~·# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ Jx =∂„`«O QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ"åe.
=∞#=Ú „`åQÆ=Åã≤# 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜x â◊s~°O ѨQÆÅ∞, ~å„`«∞Å∞ KÕ¿ã "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ q^èŒ∞Å∞ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«_®xH˜ q_»Q˘\˜ì „`åQÍe. WHõ¯_»
Ô~O_»∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ q_»Q˘@ì=K«∞Û.
1) Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h~°∞ : ~å„uѨÓ@ q_»∞^ŒÅÜÕ∞º qã¨~°˚Hõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ x„^ŒÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ô H©¡<£ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ D h~°∞
ѨxH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk. ~å„uѨÓ@ â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠH©¡xOQ∑, i¿Ñ~°∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ L<åfl, =∞#O ~å„uѨÓ@ x„^Œ"Õ∞ÖÁ¯x „`åQÆÖË=Ú HÍ|\˜ì, x„^Œ ÖËz#
^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç =∞~°ÖÏ U^≥·<å u<Õ Ö’Ñ¨Ù „`åˆQ h\˜x Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQh~°∞ J#=K«∞Û. =∞#=Ú 2.5–3 bII h~°∞ =~°‰õΩ Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åy`Õ =º~°÷
Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç ѨÓiÎQÍ |Ç≤Ï+¨¯iOѨ|_ç â◊s~°O P~ÀQƺ=O`«OQÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok.
2) ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ „`åˆQh~°∞ : ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ KÕ¿ã _»∂º\©Å#∞ ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ LOK«∞‰õΩx, â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ „`åˆQ U~åÊ@∞. L^ŒÜ«∞O
\˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#fl `«~°∞"å`« #∞O_ç ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 6,7 QÆO@Š֒Ѩ٠=~°‰õΩ „`åˆQh~°∞ nxH˜O^Œ‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk. 5,6 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ ~å„u _»∂º\©H˜ 2.5–3
b@~°∞¡ Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# áÈQÍ q∞ye# 2.5–3 b@~°¡ h\˜x ѨQÆ\˜ _»∂º\©H˜ ˆH\Ï~ÚOK«∞HÀ"åe. â◊s~°O „Ѩu~ÀE Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ q^èŒ∞Å#∞
KÕÜ«∞_»O J<Õk `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞. P q^èŒ∞Å∞ ÉÏQÍ [~°QÍÅO>Ë h\˜x WÖÏ Ô~O_»∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ q_»Q˘\˜ì „`åQÆ_»=¸ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞. L^ŒÜ«∞O ÉÏQÍ
„`åQÍ=Ú QÆ^• Jx ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ „`åQÆ_»O =∂x`Õ g∞Ö’ ѨQÆ\˜ _»∂º\©Ö’ â◊s~°O W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞ Z^Œ∞~À¯=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎOk. JÖψQ ѨQÆÅ∞ „`åy
L^ŒÜ«∞O =∂x"Õ¿ãÎ ~å„u _»∂º\©Ö’ áÈ=Åã≤# =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ q∞ye H˘xfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
„Ѩu~ÀE =∞# â◊s~°O Ô~O_»∞ á⁄^Œ∞ÌÅ∂ `«#∞ KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤# ÉÏ^茺`«Å#∞ KÕã¨∞HÀx"åfie. JO>Ë g∞~°∞ ã¨=∞Ü«∞ "≥∞iy h~°∞ JOk¿ãÎ KåÅ∞.
q∞QÆ`åk JO`å `«<Õ K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. h~°∞ JOkOK«_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® |^ŒúHõ"≥∂, ÉèÏ~°"≥∂ J#∞‰õΩO>Ë P~ÀQƺO ÅaèOK«_»O |Ǩï Hõ+¨ìOQÍ
LO@∞Ok. ÃÑ·™ê Y~°∞Û ÖˉõΩO_® â◊s~°O `ÕeQÍæ Ѩiâ◊√„Éèí=∞ÜÕ∞º h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl PK«iOK«Hõ áÈ`Õ WHõ rq`«"Õ∞ =$^ä•! WO`«HõO>Ë ã¨∞Å∞"≥·#
P~ÀQƺ ™Èáê#O WOH˘Hõ\˜ D Ö’HõOÖ’<Õ ÖË^Œ∞. Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ#, ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ h\˜x ZÖÏ „`åQÍÖ’ q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx ˆ~Ѩ\˜#∞O_ç JÖÏ
„`åˆQ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕã≤ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# Ѷ¨e`åÅ#∞ J#uHÍÅOÖ’<Õ JO^Œ~°∂ JO^Œ∞‰õΩx, P#Ok™êÎ~°x =∞#™ê~å HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.

h~°∞ ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍe

<ÕÅg∞^Œ #_»= =Åã≤# =∂#=Ù_»∞ `«# `≥eq`Õ@Å`À PHÍâ◊OÖ’ ѨH˜∆=ÖË ZQÆ~°QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. JÖψQ h\˜Ö’ KÕѨ=Öˇ
D^ŒQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl_»∞. HÍh <ÕÅg∞^Õ ã¨iQÍ „|`«HõÖËHõ áÈ`«∞<åfl_»∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH „|`«Hõ\ÏxH˜ P^è•~°"≥∞ÿ# h~°∞#∞ ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍÅ#fl q+¨Ü«∞O
=∂„`«O `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀÖËHõ áÈ`«∞<åfl_»∞. WO`« <åQÆiHõ`« ÃÑiy#ѨÊ\˜H© ZO`À J*Ï˝#O`À h\˜ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ Z<Àfl `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. ã¨$+≤ìÖ’x
„ѨurqH˜ `«#∞ h~°∞ ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍÅ#flk ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. XˆH*Ïu [O`«∞=ÙÅhfl XˆH ~°HõOQÍ h~°∞#∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. HÍh
=∂#=Ùx q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’xH˜ =¿ãÎ XHõ~°∞ u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞, WOH˘Hõ~°∞ u<Õ=ÚO^Œ∞, =∞~˘Hõ~°∞ u#fl `«~°∞"å`«, "Õ~˘Hõ~°∞ ZѨC_»∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ JѨC_»∞
„Hõ=∞tHõ∆}Ï~°Ç≤Ï`«OQÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ L<åfl~°∞. „ѨHõ$uÖ’ ѨÙ\˜ì ÃÑiy# |∞kúrq J~Ú# =∂#=ÙxH˜ „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~å‡Å∞ `≥eÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=_»O ZO`À
qKåiOK« =Åã≤# q+¨Ü«∞O. =∞x+≤H˜ `«#∞ h~°∞ „`åˆQk ѨÓiÎ xÜ«∞=∞ q~°∞^ŒúO Jx `≥eÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ ~ÀAÅ∞ QÆ_çzáÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. WHõ<≥·<å
"Õ∞Å∞H˘#Hõ áÈ`Õ P~ÀQƺO uiy~å^Œ∞. HÍ|\˜ì h\˜ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~°‡O, =∞# â◊s~° ^èŒ~°‡O Uq∞@#flk WѨC_≥·<å `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ
„Ѩܫ∞`«flOKÕ^•Ì=Ú.
h~°∞ ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍe Jx „Ѩtfl¿ãΖâ◊s~°O HÀi#ѨC_»∞ Jx ã¨=∂^è•#O. â◊s~°O `«#‰õΩ PǨ~°O HÍ=Åã≤ =zÛ#ѨÙ_»∞ PHõe ~°∂ѨOÖ’
PǨ~°O u#=∞x `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã≤#@∞¡, h~°∞ HÍ=Åã≤ =zÛ#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO ~°∂ѨOÖ’ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=∞x `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞ÎOk. JO>Ë ^•Ç¨ÏO ~°∂ѨOÖ’
â◊s~°O HÀi#ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ =∞#O „`åy`Õ ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°∞`«∞Ok. ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õk Ô~O_»∞ ã¨O^Œ~åƒùÅÖ’ J=Ù`«∂O@∞Ok.
"≥Ú^Œ\˜k : â◊s~° J=ã¨~åʼnõΩ h~°∞ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ#ѨC_»∞ ^•xx f~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜ JÜÕ∞º ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO.
Ô~O_»=k : =∞#O u<Õ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ ~°∞K«∞Å#∞ â◊s~°O r~°‚O KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ JÜÕ∞º Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO.
„ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# PǨ~åxfl fã¨∞H˘<Õ r=~åâ◊√ʼnõΩ, =∞#∞+¨µÅ‰õΩ XˆH~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO. J^Õ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ~°HõO ^•Ç¨ÏO. ~°∞K«∞Å H˘~°‰õΩ LѨC,
#∂<≥Å#∞ "å_Õ"åiH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ô~O_»= ~°HõO ^•Ç¨ÏO „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok. D Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ ^•Ç¨Å QÆ∞iOz q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë
`«Ñ¨Ê h\˜x ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍÅ#flk J~°÷O HÍ^Œ∞. =∞#O WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ „`åy# ^•Ç¨ÏO ã¨Ô~·#^•? HÍ^•? Jx ‰õÄ_® `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ.....
ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú, ^•x QÆ∞}=Ú : ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# PǨ~°O fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "åiH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO LO@∞Ok. „ѨHõ$uã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# ѨO_»∞¡,
‰õÄ~°Å∞, yO[Å∞, ^Œ∞OѨÅ∞ "≥ÚIIq u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ Z=iH© ^•Ç¨ÏO =∞^茺 =∞^茺֒ "ÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. u#fl `«~°∞"å`« ‰õÄ_® "ÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ =∞#‰õΩ
u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åˆQ JÅ"å@∞ L#flѨÊ\˜H© ѨO_»∞¡, ѨzÛ ‰õÄ~°Å∞ uO@∂ LO>Ë JÅ"å@∞ „ѨHÍ~°OQÍ ‰õÄ_® ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. PǨ~°O
Ö’<Õ h~°∞ ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍÅ#fl q+¨Ü«∞O LO@∞Ok. u#fl PǨ~°O ѨÓiÎQÍ JiQÍHõ JѨC_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎOk. Wk „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~°‡O. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ
U rq ‰õÄ_® u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ^Œ∞. JÖψQ PǨ~åxfl =O_ç, LѨC, #∂<≥Å∞ "ÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® u#flѨÊ\˜H© u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞^Œ∞.
Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ#ѨÙ_Õ „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎOk. Wk ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO. P~ÀQƺ=O`«"≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO.
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ H˘xfl "ÕÅHÀ@¡ Hõ}ÏÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. =∞#Ö’ [iˆQ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# ~°™êÜ«∞xHõ =∂~°∞ÊÅhfl D Hõ}ÏÅÖ’<Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂
LO\Ï~Ú. Hõ}ÏŠ֒ѨÅ, Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ =ÚYºOQÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õk hˆ~. x~°O`«~°O Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ [iˆQ ~°™êÜ«∞# „H˜Ü«∞ʼnõΩ h~°∞
J=ã¨~°=∞=Ù`«∂ LO@∞Ok. h~°∞, QÍe ã¨=∞Hõ∆OÖ’<Õ PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ â◊H˜ÎQÍ =∂~°_»O, =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ^ŒÇ¨Ï#O K≥O^Œ@O "≥ÚIIqII [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂
LO\Ï~Ú.
Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨC_»∞, P `«yæ# h\˜ x+¨ÊuÎx ã¨=iOK«∞HÀ=_®xH˜ Hõ}ÏÅ #∞O_ç P[˝Å∞ #~åÅ ^•fi~å "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’x ÃÇ·ÏáÈ^ä•Å=∞ãπ
„QÆOkäÖ’ h\˜ x+¨ÊuÎx HÍáê_Õ ÃãO@~ü‰õΩ "≥à◊`å~Ú. Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨC_»∞ D ÃãO@~ü „¿Ñˆ~Ñ≤OK«|_ç ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õ ÉèÏ=# HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
h~°∞ `«QÆæ_»O =Å# ÖÏÖÏ[Å „QÆO^äŒ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® „ã¨qOK«x HÍ~°}OQÍ <À~°∞ ZO_çáÈ`«∞Ok. <À\˜Ö’ =¸ºHõãπ á⁄~°Å „H˜O^Œ LO_Õ iÃãѨì~üû‰õΩ
‰õÄ_® D ã¨OˆH`åÅ∞ "≥à◊`å~Ú. JѨÙ_»∞ =∞#‰õΩ h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ<Õ ^•Ç¨Ï ÉèÏ=# HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ JÜÕ∞º ^•Ç¨xH˜
<À~°∞ ZO_»∞‰õΩáÈ=_»O, á⁄_ç PiáÈ=_»O ÖÏO\˜q "≥O@<Õ ~å=Ù. =∞#O h\˜x „`åQƉõΩO_® Z‰õΩ¯= PÅ㨺O KÕ¿ãÎ D ÅHõ∆}ÏÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. P
ÅHõ∆}ÏÅ∞ ~åHõáÈ~Ú#ѨÊ\˜H© =∞#O h~°∞ "≥O@<Õ „`åQÍe.
=∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å QÆ∞O_® `«fi~°QÍ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥o§ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ KÕi`Õ "å\˜ J=ã¨~°=Ú f~°∞`«∞Ok.
Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ HÍ=Åã≤# h~°∞ D ~°HõOQÍ "≥O@<Õ JOk`Õ Hõ}ÏÅ∞ "å\˜ q^èŒ∞Å#∞ 㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ, ã¨=∞~°÷=O`«OQÍ x~°fiÇ≤Ï™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O „`åy#
h~°∞ 20–25 xIIÅÖ’ Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ KÕi`Õ "å\˜ HÀiHõ <≥~°"Õ~°∞`«∞Ok. ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°∞`«∞Ok. D „ѨHÍ~°O =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ `«fi~°QÍ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å
QÆ∞O_® ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥àϧÅO>Ë á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ LO_®e J#flk WHõ¯_» =ÚYº L^ÕÌâ◊O. á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»∞ „`åy`Õ<Õ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ ^•Ç¨ÏO
f~°∞`«∞O^Œ#fl =∂@. =∞#O QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ=Åã≤Ok Uq∞@O>Ë, h~°∞ ZѨÙ_»∞ „`åQÍÅO>Ë á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_»∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞#x, á⁄@ìÖ’
PǨ~°O L#flѨC_»∞ HÍ^Œx.
á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O L#flѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ^•Ç¨ÏO ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ f~°^À PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú. á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O LO_»QÍ g∞ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ ^•Ç¨ÏO
"Õã≤O^Œ#∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. "≥∞^Œ_»∞ #∞O_ç <À\˜H˜ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=∞x P[˝ =¿ãÎ g∞~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. D h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O
LOk HÍ|\˜ì D h~°∞ PǨ~°O`À HõÅ=_»O J<Õk ã¨Ç¨Ï[O. PǨ~°O`À Hõeã≤# h~°∞ PǨ~°O JiˆQ =~°‰õÄ á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’<Õ LO_ç f~åe.
PǨ~°O LO_»QÍ h~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å #∞O_ç ֒ѨʼnõΩ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ áÈÖË^Œ∞. PǨ~°O J~°QÆ_®xH˜ Ѩ>Ëì ã¨=∞Ü«∞O J<Õk PǨ~°OÖ’
LO_Õ QÆ∞}Ïxfl |\˜ì P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO@∞Ok. ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ 2 #∞O_ç 4 QÆO@Å∞ Ѩ@ì=K«∞Û. =∞#O „`åy# Hõ} ^•Ç¨xfl `Õˆ~Û h~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞
Ô~O_»∞ #∞O_ç <åÅ∞QÆ∞ QÆO@Ö’¡ "≥∞Å¡QÍ ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜ KÕi, JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç "≥∞Å¡QÍ Hõ}ÏÖ’¡H˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. JO>Ë ^•Ç¨ÏO Jx h~°∞ „`åy# 3, 4
QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« Hõ}ÏÅÖ’xH˜ h~°∞ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. JѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ Hõ}ÏÅ ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°^Œ∞. =∞#‰õΩ PHõe J~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« 3, 4 QÆO@Å =~°‰õÄ
PǨ~°O ^˘~°HõHõ áÈ`Õ ZO`« JÖÏ¡_ç áÈ`å"≥∂ JO`«HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= W|ƒOk Hõ}ÏÅ∞ Ѩ_»`åÜ«∞#fl=∂@. PHõÅ<åfl `«@∞ìHÀ=KÕÛ"≥∂ QÍx
^•Ç¨xfl `«@∞ìHÀÖË=Ú QÆ^•! =∞i =∞#O u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ Hõ}ÏÅ ^•Ç¨ÏO "≥O@<Õ f~°_»O ÖË^Œx `≥eã≤Ok Hõ^•!
=∞# Hõ}ÏÅ∞ "å\˜ ^•Ç¨xfl f~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜ ZѨC_»∂ ‰õÄ_® á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_Õ =∞# <À\˜H˜ ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õ ã¨OˆH`åÅ#∞ "≥∞^Œ_»∞
^•fi~å ѨOѨÙ`å~Ú. á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O L#flѨC_»∞ ã¨OˆH`åÅ#∞ ѨOÑ≤`Õ P ^•Ç¨ÏO fˆ~k HÍ^Œx "å\˜H˜ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ HÍ|\˜ì JѨÙ_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õ
QÆ∞}Ïxfl <À\˜H˜ HõeyOK«=Ù. Wk „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~°‡O. JÖψQ â◊s~° ^èŒ~°‡O ‰õÄ_®. D ^èŒ~°‡O „ѨHÍ~°O =∞#‰õΩ á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO
"Õã¨∞Î#fl^•! ÖË^•! "Õ¿ãÎ ZO`« =∞OkH˜ "Õã¨∞Î#flk? J#fl q+¨Ü«∞O HÍ"åe. Z=iHõ<åfl á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õ¿ãÎ "å~°∞ „ѨHõ$uã≤^ŒúOQÍ,
„ѨHõ$uH˜ ^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ rqã¨∞Î#fl@∞¡ ÖˇYö. Z=iHõ<åfl á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O L#flѨÙ_»∞ "Õã¨∞ÎO>Ë "å~°∞ „ѨHõ$uH˜ q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ, â◊s~° ^èŒ~å‡xH˜ q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ
rqã¨∞Î#fl@∞¡ `ÕeáÈ`«∞#flk. D Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ QÆ∞}ÏÅÖ’ ZO`« =∞Ok U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨xH˜ K≥O^Œ∞`å~°∞ Jx Ѩije¿ãÎ D ã¨=∂[OÖ’
=∞#∞+¨µÅO^Œ~°∂ u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ "տ㠄ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú=∞~Ú# ^•Ç¨xˆH K≥O^Œ∞`å~°∞. ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õ QÆ∞}O „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ =∞#‰õΩ HõÅQÆ\ÏxH˜
QÆÅ HÍ~°}ÏÖËq∞\’ ‰õÄ_® =∞#O `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx "å\˜x ã¨=iOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕÜ«∂e. u<Õ@ѨC_Õ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞Î#flk Hõ^•, J^Õ ã¨Ô~·#
^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õ "≥ÚO_ç "å^Œ# ZO^ŒiÖ’<À "≥∞^Œ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. JÖÏ "Õ¿ã ^•Ç¨ÏO ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨iHÍ^À `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë g∞~°∞ q=~°OQÍ
Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO ^•x QÆ∞}O J<Õ q+¨Ü«∞O K«kq`Õ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO, ^•x QÆ∞}=Ú : „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú=∞~Ú#, Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ "ÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»x ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎOk. XHõ `«Ñ¨C KÕ¿ãÎ WOH˘Hõ `«Ñ¨C `«~°∞"å`« KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎO^ŒO\Ï~°∞. XHõ J|^ŒúO P_ç`Õ WOH˘Hõ J|^ŒúO P_»=Åã≤
=ã¨∞ÎO^ŒO\Ï~°∞. JÖψQ q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# PǨ~°O uO>Ë q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ h\˜x „`åQÆHõ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ#fl =∂@. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åQƉõÄ_»^Œ#flk „ѨHõ$u
^èŒ~°‡O. q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# PǨ~°O HÍ~°}OQÍ u<Õ@ѨC_»∞, u#fl "≥O@<Õ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞_»O D PǨ~°O QÆ∞}O. JÖÏ =∞#O h\˜x „`åQÆHõ áÈ`Õ
D PǨ~°O T~°∞HÀ^Œ∞. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ QÆÅ HÍ~°}ÏÖËq∞\’ PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
fã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ PǨ~°=ÚÖ’ LѨC, #∂<≥, <≥~Úº ZO`« "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ LO>Ë JO`« "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎO^Œ#fl =∂@. JÖÏ "ÕÜ«∞_®xfl
QÆ∞iOz PÖ’z¿ãÎ ^•x "≥#∞Hõ âß„ã¨ÎO ÖËHõáÈÖË^Œ∞. XHõ „QÍ=Ú LѨC r~°‚O HÍ"åÅO>Ë 100 „QÍ=ÚÅ h\˜x HÀ~°∞`«∞Ok. JÖψQ #∂<≥, <≥~Úº
‰õÄ_® JO`«HÍHõ áÈ~Ú<å H˘kÌQÍ `«‰õΩ¯= Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ r~å‚xH˜ h\˜x HÀ~°`å~Ú. LѨC, #∂<≥Å∞#fl PǨ~åxfl á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ ѨOÑ≤# "≥O@<Õ
"å\˜ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ „áê~°OÉèíO HÍ=_®xH˜ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ h~°∞ HÀ~°∞`«∞Ok. Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞, Éè’[#O JÜ«∂ºHõ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜
QÆÅ HÍ~°}O J^Õ. LѨC, #∂<≥Å∞ "≥∂`å^Œ∞ WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë U=∞=Ù`«∞O^À PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú. L^•II‰õΩ qO^Œ∞ Éè’[<åÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ ~°∞zQÍ
LO\Ï~Ú HÍ|\˜ì á⁄@ì xO_»∞QÍ uO\Ï=Ú. h~°∞ Ѩ>Ëì MÏm ÖˉõΩO_® uO\Ï=Ú. JO^Œ∞Ö’ L#fl Z‰õΩ¯= LѨC, #∂<≥Å r~å‚xH˜ h~°∞ HÍ"åe.
h\˜ H˘~°‰õΩ ã¨O^Õâ◊O "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. "≥∞^Œ_»∞#∞O_ç h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ=∞x P[˝ =ã¨∞ÎOk. <À~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å#O@∞Ok. á⁄@ì <åÖ’ MÏm
ÖË^ŒO@∞Ok. ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎO@∞Ok. „`åQÆ_®xH˜ MÏm ÖËHõ W|ƒOk Ѩ_»∞`«∂ |Å=O`«OQÍ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. ZO`« h~°∞ „`åy<å ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°^Œ∞.
K«∂¿ãÎ á⁄@ì Ѩ@ì^Œ∞. h\˜x „`åQÆÖËHõ, =∂#ÖËHõ ã¨`«=∞`« =∞=Ù`«∂ LO\Ï=Ú. „`åy`Õ XHõ ÉÏ^èŒ, h\˜x „`åQÆHõáÈ`Õ "Õˆ~ ÉÏ^èŒ.
u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åy`Õ r~°‚O ã¨iQÍ HÍ^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì, u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ „`åˆQ h\˜x „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^ŒúO Jx J#=K«∞Û. JO^Œ~°∂ LѨC,
#∂<≥Å#∞ uO@∂ L<åfl~°∞ HÍ|\˜ì JO^ŒiH© JÜÕ∞ºk Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨Ï"Õ∞. =∞#O JÅ"å@∞¡ =∂~°∞Û‰õΩO>Ë ^•x`À ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO
"Õã¨∞ÎOk. ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õk P~ÀQͺxH˜ ™Èáê#O.
Hõ}ÏÅ Éˇ·@ LѨC Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞: =∞#Ö’ L#fl „Ѩu Hõ}ÏxH˜ Hõ}O ֒ѨÅ, Hõ}O |Ü«∞@ J<Õ Ô~O_»∞ "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
QÆk ֒ѨÅ, QÆk |Ü«∞@ J#fl@∞¡QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. LѨC J<Õk Hõ}O |Ü«∞@ ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ xÅ∞= LO@∂ LO@∞Ok. „ѨHõ$uã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# ѨO_»∞¡,
‰õÄ~°Å∞, yO[Å∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ u<åfl ÖË^• L_»Hõ ɡ\˜ì LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ ÖˉõΩO_® u#fl"åiÖ’ LѨC â◊s~° J=ã¨~åňH LO@∞Ok. H˘kÌQÍ QÍx,
Z‰õΩ¯= QÍx LѨC HõÅ∞ѨىõΩ<Õ"åiH˜ â◊s~°OÖ’ LѨC Z‰õΩ¯"≥· D Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ xÅ∞= LO@∞Ok. ^•Ç¨xH˜, Hõ}O |Ü«∞@
xÅ∞= LO_Õ LѨCH˜ KåÖÏ ^ŒQÆæ~° ã¨O|O^èŒO LOk. „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# PǨ~°O u<Õ"åiH˜, LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"Õã≤# "åiH˜ D ^•Ç¨ÏO
"ÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. J^Õ LѨC#∞ u<Õ"åiH˜ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎO^À `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. LѨC ZHõ¯_» xÅ∞= LO>Ë JHõ¯_» h~°∞
PHõi¬OK«|_»∞`«∞Ok (ÖÏQÆ|_»∞`«∞Ok). á⁄@¡HÍÜ«∞ =ÚHõ¯Å g∞^Œ LѨC "Õ¿ãÎ JO^Œ∞Ö’x h~°∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ PHõi¬OK«|_»@O =∞#O^ŒiH©
`≥Å∞ã¨∞. =∞#O PǨ~°O`À u#fl Z‰õΩ¯= LѨC 4, 5 QÆO@ÅÖ’ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. |Ü«∞@ xÅ∞= L#fl Z‰õΩ¯=
LѨC Hõ}O ֒ѨŠL#fl h\˜x á⁄@¡HÍÜ«∞ =ÚHõ¯Å =∂ki Hõ}O |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÖψQã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. Hõ}O ֒ѨŠh~°∞ L#fl@∞¡O_ç `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok.
WÖψQ â◊s~°OÖ’ L#fl Jxfl HÀ@¡ Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Hõ}O ֒ѨŠh~°∞ `«ˆQæã¨iH˜ JHõ¯_» [~°QÆ=Åã≤# ~°™êÜ«∞xHõ =∂~°∞ÊʼnõΩ P@OHõO
„áê~°OÉèíO J=Ù`«∞Ok. D P@OHÍÅ#∞ `˘ÅyOK«_®xH˜, Hõ}OÖ’ LO_»=Åã≤#O`« h\˜x ѨÓiOK«_®xH˜ "≥O@<Õ "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ Hõ}ÏÅ∞
P[˝#∞ ѨOѨÙ`å~Ú. "≥∞^Œ_»∞#∞O_ç =∞#‰õΩ h~°∞ HÍ"åÅ<Õ ã¨OˆH`«O ^•Ç¨ÏO ~°∂ѨOÖ’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. D ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^•Ç¨ÏO =∞#‰õΩ J~Ú#ѨC_»∞
<À~°∞ "≥O@<Õ ZO_ç áÈ`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åˆQ =~°‰õÄ Ug∞ `ÀK«^Œ∞. "≥„i ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎOk.
PǨ~°OÖ’ LѨC#∞ u#_»O =Å# P PǨ~°O á⁄@ìÖ’ L#flѨC_»∞ P LѨC r~å‚xH˜ XHõ™êi ^•Ç¨Ï=∞=fi_»"Õ∞ HÍHõ, P LѨC Hõ}ÏÅ∞
|Ü«∞@ H˘xfl QÆO@ÅÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#flѨC_»∞ ‰õÄ_® =∞~˘Hõ ™êi J=Ù`«∞Ok. XHõ¯™êi LѨC#fl PǨ~°O u<åfl=∞O>Ë ^•xH˜ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ ^•Ç¨ÏO
=ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ô Uk u<åfl LѨC LO@∞#flk. ~ÀAH˜ 5, 6 ™ê~°∞¡QÍ U^˘Hõ\˜ uO@∂ LO\Ï=Ú. D ÖˇHõ¯#
~ÀAH˜ 10, 12 ™ê~°∞¡QÍ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã≤ JO`« Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x â◊s~°O =∞# KÕ`« „`åyOKåe. P~ÀQƺ=O`«=∞~Ú# â◊s~°O J~Ú`Õ JÖÏ<Õ
Jxfl™ê~°∞¡ ^•Ç¨xfl HÀ~åe. <À\˜H˜ h~°∞ HÍ"åÅ<Õ HÀiHõ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ë¿ã J=HÍâ◊O W=fi‰õΩO_® ZѨC_»∂ U^˘Hõ\˜ „ѨH$õ u q~°∞^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ q #=ÚÅ∞`«∂
LO_Õ ã¨iH˜ ^•Ç¨ÏO J<Õk =∞#‰õΩ ã¨Ô~·# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ ã¨Ô~·#xfl ™ê~°∞¡ "ÕÜ«∞_»O ÖË^Œ∞. `«Ñ¨C_»∞ PǨ~°Ñ¨Ù JÅ"å@¡‰õΩ `«Ñ¨C ã¨OˆH`åÅ∞ ~å=_»O
ã¨Ç¨Ï[O Hõ^•. Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ JO^ŒiÖ’ J^Õ [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. =∞#ã¨∞ ÃÑ\ì̃ PÖ’z¿ãÎ LѨC u<Õ "åiH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ ^•Ç¨ÏO "ÕÜ«∞_»O ã¨Ê+ì̈OQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. ZѨC_»∂ U^˘Hõ ѨxÖ’ ǨÏ_®q_çQÍ LO_Õ"åiH˜ <À\˜Ö’ [iˆQ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞, ã¨OˆH`åÅ∞ ZÖÏ `≥Å∞™êÎ~Ú. ZO`« =~°‰õΩ `≥Å∞™êÎ~Ú.
LѨC#∞ uO>Ë h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ HÍ"åÖ’ =∞#O WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#O D J^蕺ܫ∞OÖ’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl =∞Oz q+¨Ü«∂xfl z=iQÍ XHõ¯™êi <≥=∞~°∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. ~ÀAÖ’ =∞#O
„`åQÆ=Åã≤# h\˜x ZѨC_»∞ „`åQÍÅ<åfl =∞# á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ LO_®Å<Õk "≥ÚO_ç QÆ∞~°∞ÎQÍ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åe. á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»∞ „`åy# h\˜
=Å#<Õ =∞# â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°∞`å~Ú Jx =∞~°∞=HõO_ç. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ U rg h~°∞ „`åQÆ^Œ∞. u#fl PǨ~°O JiQÍHÀ ÖË^•
á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_À q∞QÆ`å r=ÙÅ∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å~Ú. q∞QÆ`å r=ÙÅ P~ÀQƺ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅÖ’ W^˘Hõ@x =∞#O `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åe. WHõ #∞O_ç
=∞#O „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h\˜x JÖÏ<Õ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ „ѨHõ$uã≤^ŒúOQÍ, â◊s~°|^ŒúOQÍ, P~ÀQƺOQÍ rq`åÅ#∞ ™êyOKÕ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO „áê~°Oaè^•Ì=∞x
Ptã¨∂Î, WHõ#∞O_ô =∞# k#K«~°ºÖ’ D ã¨`åºxH˜ KÀ@∞ HõeyOz JO^Œ~°O ã¨∞Y âßO`«∞Å`À „|`«∞‰õΩ^•O Jx =∞#q KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
 u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ U=∞ø`«∞Ok
=∞#O^ŒiH© L#fl Jã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# JÅ"å@∞ U=∞O>Ë u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O J<Õk „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ#k.
JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ Jã¨Ç¨Ï[O J#=Åã≤ =zÛOk. Éè’[#O ^ŒQÆæ~° ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO@∞<åfl=Ú JO>Ë hà◊§ QÍ¡™È, K≥OÉ’ ÖˉõΩO_® Z=~°∂ ‰õÄ~ÀÛ~°∞. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞
h\˜x ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ „`åˆQ"å~°∞O\Ï~°∞.
"≥Ú^Œ\˜ ~°HõO : XHõ\’ Ô~O_À QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ h~°∞ „`åy "≥O@<Õ Éè’[#O KÕ™êÎ~°∞. WÖÏ KÕã≤#O^Œ∞=Å¡ PǨ~°O `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ á⁄@ìÖ’ Ѩ_ç`Õ
|~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`å~°<Õ L^ÕÌâ◊O`À uO_ç `«yæOz u<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO J#fl=∂@.
Ô~O_»= ~°HõO : =Ú^ŒÌ =Ú^ŒÌH© h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`«∂, PǨ~åxfl „q∞OQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. PǨ~°O Q˘O`«∞ kQÆHõ ÖË^• ZH˜¯à◊√§ ~å‰õΩO_®
LO_»\ÏxH˜ g~°∞ WÖÏ KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
=¸_»= ~°HõO : Éè’[#O =ÚO^Œ∞ QÍx, Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ QÍx „`åQÆ_»O =∂x, K≥~Úº Hõ_»∞‰õΩ¯<Õ =ÚO^À, Hõ_»∞‰õΩ¯#fl `«~åfi`À
XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. gi L^ÕÌâ◊OÖ’ PǨ~°O Ô~O_»∞ =O`«∞Å∞ uO>Ë, XHõ =O`«∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ÉÏQÍ J~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œx „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞.
<åÅæ= ~°HõO : u<Õ@ѨC_»∞, u#fl "≥O@<Õ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ J~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ‰õΩ W|ƒOk HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì u#fl J~°QÆO@ #∞O_ç
QÆO@֒Ѩ٠„`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Œx gi L^ÕÌâ◊O.
WÖÏ Wxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ@O J<Õk Ö’HõOÖ’ P#"å~ÚfQÍ #_»∞ã¨∂Î L#flk. =∞#O^ŒiH© Uk =∞Oz^À, Uk W|ƒOkHõ~°"≥∂
`≥eÜ«∞Hõ ZÖÏ |_ç`Õ JÖÏ „`åy"Õã¨∂Î LO\Ï"Õ∞ `«Ñ¨Ê u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ h\˜x „`åQÆ@O =Å¡ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ, â◊s~åxH˜ U"≥∞ÿ<å W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ L<åflÜ«∂,
=™êÎÜ«∂ J#fl PÖ’K«# Z=iÖ’#∞ HõÅQÆ_»O ÖË^Œ∞. JO`« ^Œ∂~°O PÖ’zOKÕ fiHõ QÍh, „â◊^ŒúQÍh D<å\˜ =∞x+≤H˜ ZHõ¯_»∞#flk? z=~°‰õΩ
Z<Àfl ã¨OIIÅ∞ â◊s~°âß„ã¨ÎO QÆ∞iOz, P~ÀQƺO QÆ∞iOz K«kq# "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞, ~ÀQÆ∞ʼnõΩ P~ÀQƺ ã¨ÅǨÅxKÕÛ "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞ Ãã·`«O ÃÑ· <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ~°HÍÅÖ’
U^À XHõ ~°HõOQÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°x K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. JO^Œ~°∂ ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«^Œ=_»"≥∂, ѨijeOK«_»"≥∂ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞ QÍx, „ѨHõ$ux, „ѨHõ$uã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ#
â◊s~° ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ ѨijeOK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞. "≥·^Œº âß„™êÎÅ∞ `≥eÜ«∞x ™ê=∂#º „Ѩ[Å∞, "≥·^ŒºO `≥eã≤# "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® r~°‚HÀâ◊ ã¨O|O^èŒ "åº^èŒ∞Å`À
ÉÏ^èÑŒ _¨ @
» "≥∂ ÖË^• =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_»∞HÀ=_»"∂≥ KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~∞° . WÖÏO\˜ z#fl z#flq =∞#H˜ ~å‰õΩO_® LO_®Å<åfl, =zÛ#q ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ"åÅ<åfl,
Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’ =∞# Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ =∞# ÖÏQÍ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ Ѩ_»‰õÄ_»^Œ<åfl =∞#O^Œ~°O Jã¨Å∞ q+¨Ü«∂xfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕÜ«∂e. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞
h\˜x „`åQÆ@O =Å# <À\˜Ö’ HõeˆQ #+¨ìO "Õ~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’ HõeˆQ #+¨ìO =∞~˘Hõ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok. JÖψQ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ HõeˆQ
#+¨ì=Ú WOH˘Hõ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O J<Õk "≥Ú`«ÎO =¸_»∞ ^Œâ◊ÅÖ’ [iˆQ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ÃÑ· #ëêìxfl Hõeyã¨∞ÎOk J<Õ
"åã¨Î=O g∞ JO^Œ~°‰õÄ J~°÷=∞ÜÕ∞º suÖ’ `≥eÜ«∞Kտ㠄Ѩܫ∞`«flO „áê~°Oaè™êÎ#∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ <À\˜Ö’ [iˆQ ^•xx QÆ∞iOz PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
1. <À\˜Ö’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ h\˜H˜ ã¨O|O^èŒO : =∞# <À\˜Ö’ „Ѩu™ês fã¨∞H˘<Õ PǨ~°O 25–30 âß`«O r~°‚=∞Ü«∂ºHõ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜
"≥àϧe. fã¨∞H˘<Õ PǨ~åxfl "≥∞`«ÎQÍ Ñ≤O_ç Ñ≤O_ç KÕã≤ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ^Œâ◊ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞#∞ ѨÓiÎ KÕã≤# `«~°∞"å`Õ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊§_®xH˜ q∞OQÍe.
=∞#‰õΩ <À\˜Ö’ ^ŒO`åÅ∞ WzÛ#k PǨ~åxfl ÉÏQÍ #q∞e „q∞OQÆ=∞x. D ~ÀAÅÖ’ PǨ~åxfl ÉÏQÍ #q∞e u<Õ MÏm ‰õÄ_®
Z=iHõ<åfl LO@∞#fl^•? ÖÏQÆ∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ Ñ≤Å¡"åx ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç ѨOK≥QÆ>Ëì =Úã¨ÖÏÜ«∞# =~°‰õÄ JO^Œ~°‰õÄ Ç¨Ï_®=Ù_Õ. „ѨâßO`«OQÍ
Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã fiHõ H˘O^•=∞O>Ë ^˘~°Hõ_»O ÖË^Œ∞. U PÖ’K«<å ~å‰õΩO_® =∞#ã¨∞û ÃÑ\˜ì `«$Ñ≤ÎQÍ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã ‰õΩ@∞O|O D ~ÀA
Hõ#|_»^Œ∞. Z=Ô~·<å Éè’[<åxfl 5–10 xIIÅÖ’ =ÚyOz ÖËzáÈ`å~°∞. PǨ~åxfl WÖÏ fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =Å# =∞#‰õΩ [iˆQ #ëêìÅ#∞
PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
Z) PǨ~åxfl `˘O^Œ~Q° Í u<åÅ#∞‰õΩ#flÑC¨ _»∞ #=∞ʼnõΩO_®<Õ „q∞OQÍe. #=∞ʼnõΩO_® „q∞Oy`Õ QÍx ã¨=∞Ü«∞O HõÅã≤ ~å^Œ∞. #=∞ʼnõΩO_®
„q∞Oy`Õ Q˘O`«∞ kQÆ^∞Œ . Jk J#fl "åÇ≤ÏHõÖ’ (<À\˜x, á⁄@ì#∞ Hõe¿Ñ Q˘@ìO) `«fi~°QÍ [~°∞QÆ^∞Œ . WÖÏ [~°Q#Æ Ñ¨C_»∞ Q˘O`«∞ Ѩ\#ì˜ @∞¡O@∞Ok.
nxx áÈQ˘@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ =∞#‰õΩ QÆ∞~°∞ÎH˘KÕÛk hà◊§ QÍ¡ã¨∞. "≥O@<Õ 1,2 QÆ∞Hõ¯Å∞ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. "ÕѨÙà◊√§, ѨK«Ûà◊√§, ^Œ∞OѨÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜q
WÖÏ HõOQÍ~°∞QÍ uO>Ë Q˘O`«∞ Ѩ>Ëì ã≤÷u ^•\˜ ZH˜¯à◊√§ ~å=_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ_»`å~Ú. ZH˜¯à◊√§ =¿ãÎ `«QÍæÅO>Ë U_»∞ QÆ∞@HõÅ∞ hà◊√§
„`åQÍÅx JO\Ï~°∞. JÖÏ ZO`À H˘O`« h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ =∞#ÃãHõ¯_À ÃÑ\ì̃ PÖ’zã¨∂Î, ÖË^• \˜.gÅ∞ K«∂ã¨∂Î,
ÖË^• ¿ÑѨ~∞° ¡ K«^∞Œ =Ù`«∂, ÖË^• ÉèÏ~åº Ñ≤ÅÅ¡ Å`À Hõ|∞~°∞¡ K≥ÑC¨ ‰õΩO@∂ uO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. g\˜ HÍ~°}OQÍ XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi á⁄~°=∂~°∞`«∞Ok.
JѨC_»∞ =∞#O ^Œ∂~å#∞#fl =∞# |O^èŒ∞=ÙÖ’, =∞# WO\’¡ "åÔ~=~À `«ÅK«∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°#∞ H˘x `«$Ñ≤ΠѨ_»`å=Ú QÍx =∂\Ï¡_»∞`«∂,
PÖ’zã¨∂Î u#flO^Œ∞‰õΩ á⁄~°=∂iOk Jx `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀÖË=Ú. WÖÏ [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ 2, 3 QÆ∞Hõ¯Å∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. W=hfl ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ
K≥ѨÊ=Åã≤ =ã¨∞Î#fl^ŒO>Ë „Ѩu ~ÀE KÕ¿ã `«Ñ¨CÅ∞ HÍ|\ì̃ =∞# Ñ≤šʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏO\˜ `«Ñ¨CÖË JÅ"å@∞ J=Ù`«∞<åfl~Ú. Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã
@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åˆQ J=ã¨~°O ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =ã¨∞Î#flk J#fl q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ ‰õΩ<åfl=Ú.
a) PǨ~°O u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ ^ŒO`åÅ`À ÉÏQÍ #q∞e`Õ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO ÉÏQÍ T~°∞`«∞Ok. ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO ÉÏQÍ Ti`Õ <À\˜Ö’x =Ú^ŒÌ Ñ≤O_ç
J=Ù`«∞Ok. =Ú^ŒÌ Ñ≤O_çQÍ J~Ú#ѨC_»∞ Q˘O`«∞ Ѩ@ì‰õΩO_®, ZH˜¯à◊√§ ~å‰õΩO_® á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ `ÕeQÍæ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ h~°∞
KÕã≤# Ѩx ÖÏÖÏ[Å"Õ∞ KÕã¨∞Î#flk. h~°∞ "Õ~°∞, ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO "Õ~°∞. ÖÏÖÏ[ÅOÖ’ 98% h~°∞ LO_ç q∞QÆ`å 2% r~å‚k ~°™êÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú.
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO PǨ~åxfl ÉÏQÍ JiyOK«_®xH˜ ã¨ÇϨ Hõiã¨∞OÎ k. h~°∞ Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ „`åQÆ_O» =Å# ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ T~°∞`«∞Ok.
Wk Ô~O_»= #+¨ìO.
`«‰õΩ¯= ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO, Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜`À PǨ~°O Hõeã≤ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥o`Õ á⁄@ìÖ’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ W|ƒOk HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. XHõ `«Ñ¨C
 =ÚO^Œ∞ KÕ¿ãÎ =∞~˘Hõ `«Ñ¨C `«~°∞"å`« KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎO^ŒO\Ï~°∞ Hõ^•. JÖψQ <À\˜Ö’ `«Ñ¨C KÕ™ê=Ú HÍ|\ì̃ á⁄@ìÖ’ ‰õÄ_® `«Ñ¨C
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. hà◊√§ „`åQƉõΩO_® Éè’[#O ZÖÏ u#QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`å=∞x =∞#O^ŒiH© =ÚO^Œ∞#∞O_ô ã¨O^ÕǨÏO LOk. ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ
PǨ~åxfl ÉÏQÍ <À\’¡ #=ÚÅ∞`«∂ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO Hõe¿ã@∞¡ KÕã¨∂Î, =∂\Ï¡_»‰õΩO_® =∞#ã¨∞û ÃÑ\˜ì Éè’[#O KÕ¿ãÎ <À\˜Ö’x PǨ~°O `ÕeQÍæ
á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç á⁄@ìÖ’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ `ÕeQÍæ, ѨÓiÎQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
2. á⁄@ìÖ’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ h\˜H˜ ã¨O|O^èŒO : PǨ~°O <À\˜Ö’ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO`À Hõeã≤ #=∞ÅQÍ H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ r~°‚"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^•~°÷O,
Ô~O_»= ^Œâ◊Ö’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ [~°QÆ_®xH˜ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. <À\˜Ö’ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO Ti#@∞¡QÍ, á⁄@ìÖ’ Tˆ~ r~°‚~°™êxfl Qͺ„ã≤ìH±
Eºãπ JO\Ï~°∞. nxÖ’ ÃÇ·Ï„_ÀHÀ¡iH± Uã≤_£ J<Õ â◊H˜Î=O`«"≥∞ÿ# P=∞¡O LO@∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’x r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ =ÚYºOQÍ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_Õk D
P=∞¡"Õ∞. nx`À áê@∞QÍ H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ ZO*ˇ·=ÚÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® LO\Ï~Ú. PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ <À\˜Ö’ H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ r~°‚"≥∞ÿ, á⁄@ì#∞ KÕi#
`«~°∞"å`« á⁄@ìÖ’x r~°‚~°ã¨O =Å# KåÖÏ=~°‰õΩ ~°ã¨O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ r~°‚O KÕÜ«∞|_»∞`«∞Ok. r~°‚ ~°ã¨OÖ’x ÃÇ·Ï„_ÀHÀ¡iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£ KåÖÏ
â◊H˜Î=O`«=∞~Ú#k. Wk =∞#O u#fl PǨ~°OÖ’x H˘xfl ǨxHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂Å#∞ K«OÑ≤ "Õã¨∞ÎOk. D Uã≤_£ zHõ¯QÍ L#flѨÙ_Õ
PǨ~°O Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Ö’¡ ѨÓiÎQÍ J~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JO`«â◊H˜Î =O`«"≥∞ÿ# Pã≤_£ =∞# á⁄@ìÖ’ Ti#ѨÊ\˜H©, =∞#O u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ „`åy#
h~°∞ D r~°‚ ~°™êÅ#∞ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ KÕã≤, ^•x â◊H˜Îx `«yæOz "Õã¨∞ÎOk. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ „`åy# h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’ r~°‚~°™êÅ`À HõÅ=_»O =Å#
ZÖÏO\˜ #ëêìÖÁ™êÎÜ≥∂ q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
(Z) Pã≤_»∞¡ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J=fi_»O : â◊H˜Î=O`«=∞~Ú# Pã≤_»∞¡ h~°∞`À Hõe¿ã ã¨iH˜ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J=Ù`å~Ú. ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J=fi_»O =Å# â◊H˜Îx
HÀÖ’Ê`å~Ú. zHõ¯QÍ L#fl Pã≤_»∞¡ PǨ~åxfl r~°‚OKÕã≤# q^èŒOQÍ, ѨÅ∞K«QÍ L#flq JO`« `«fi~°QÍ K≥Ü«∞ºÖË=Ù. WÖÏ h~°∞ Hõeã≤
ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J~Ú# Pã≤_»¡#∞ =∞m§ zHõ¯QÍ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ =∞# á⁄@ì =∞iO`« ÖË^• Ô~\˜ìOѨ٠Pã≤_»¡#∞ TiOz PǨ~åxfl `«fi~°QÍ r~°‚O
Kտ㠄Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. D „ѨHÍ~°O Pã≤_»∞¡ J=ã¨~åxH˜ q∞Oz á⁄@ìÖ’ T~°_»O =Å# Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞, ѨÓ`«Å∞, JÅû~üû "≥ÚIIq
=™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O Uk u<åfl hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ uO\ÏO HÍ|\˜ì, =∞# á⁄@ì‰õΩ ZѨÙ_»∂ Pã≤_»¡#∞ TiOK«_»O JÅ"å@~Ú áÈ`«∞Ok.
á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O ÖË#ѨÙ_»∞ Pã≤_»∞¡ T~°_»O ѨÓiÎQÍ PyáÈÜÕ∞ QÆ∞}O á⁄@ì‰õΩ L#flѨÊ\˜H© u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# á⁄@ì
MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»∞ ‰õÄ_® Pã≤_»∞¡ Tˆ~ QÆ∞}O á⁄@ì‰õΩ JÅ"å@=Ù`«∞Ok. D HÍ~°}OQÍ<Õ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ JO^ŒiÖ’
~å=_®xH˜ J=HÍâ◊O L#flk.
(a) PǨ~°O ã¨iQÍæ J~°QÆHõ áÈ=_»O : PǨ~°O uO@∂ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å#, PǨ~°O h~°∞ Hõeã≤ á⁄@ìÖ’H˜ "≥à◊`å~Ú. á⁄@ì
֒Ѩe QÀ_»Å #∞Oz Tˆ~ r~°‚~°™êÅ∞ <Õ~°∞QÍ PǨ~åxfl KÕ~°‰õΩO_® D h~°∞ J_»∞¤Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ „ÔQ·O_»~üÖ’QÍx,
~°∞|∞ƒ~ÀÅ∞Ö’ QÍx ѨѨC#∞ ~°∞aƒ#ѨC_»∞ ^•xH˜ H˘kÌ H˘kÌQÍ h\˜x HõÅ∞ѨÙ`«∂ "≥∞`«ÎQÍ, =Ú^ŒÌQÍ JÜÕ∞ºÖÏQÆ *Ï„QÆ`«Î Ѩ_»`å=Ú. J^Õ
ѨѨC`À Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x HõeÑ≤ ~À\’¡ áÈã≤ ~°∞|∞ƒ^•=∞x „Ѩܫ∞ufl¿ãÎ Jk z#fl z#fl =ÚHõ¯Å∞QÍ, h~°∞QÍ q_çáÈ`«∞O^ÕQÍx Ñ≤O_çQÍ
=∂~°^Œ∞. W^Õ q^èŒOQÍ á⁄@ìÖ’ ‰õÄ_® =∞#O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PǨ~°O T~°∞`«∞#fl r~°‚~°™êÅ`À <Õ~°∞QÍ, <≥=∞‡kQÍ HõÅ∞ã¨∂Î z#fl z#fl
Hõ}ÏÅ∞QÍ qÉèílOѨ|_»∞`«∂, r~°‚"≥∞ÿ ѨÅ∞K«x Ѩ^•~°÷OQÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. HÍx h\˜`À PǨ~°O Hõeã≤ L#flѨC_»∞ ÃÑ·# L^•Ç¨ÏiOz#
q^èŒOQÍ h~°∞ HõeÑ≤# ѨѨC, Ñ≤O_çQÍ =∂~°#@∞¡QÍ<Õ, D PǨ~°O ‰õÄ_® ã¨iQÍ r~°‚O HÍ^Œ∞. D PǨ~°O r~°‚=∞ÜÕ∞º^•HÍ, PǨ~°
Ѩ^•~°÷O á⁄@ìÖ’ xÅ∞= LO_»@O =Å# r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ PÅ㨺=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. PǨ~°O`À áê@∞ h\˜ |~°∞=Ù ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= J=_»O =Å#
á⁄@ì‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ PǨ~åxfl r~°‚O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ LO_Õ Hõ^ŒeHõÅ∞ =∞O^Œy™êÎ~Ú. r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ PÅ㨺O HÍ=_®xH˜ Wk ‰õÄ_® XHõ
HÍ~°}O. ÃÑ· HÍ~°}ÏÅ =Å# =∂=¸Å∞QÍ XHõ QÆO@Ö’ J~°QÆ=Åã≤# PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å¿ãѨÙ, Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Ö’¡ J~°QÍeû#q
<åÅ∞QÆ∞ QÆO@Å ¿ãѨ٠á⁄@ìÖ’ LO\Ï~Ú. JO>Ë r~°„‚ H˜Ü∞« ‰õΩ =∂=¸Å∞ HõO>Ë ~Ô \˜Oì Ѩ٠ã¨=∞Ü«∞O fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞#fl^#Œ fl=∂@. J~Ú#Ñ̈Ê\˜H©
ѨÓiÎQÍ J~°QÆ=Ù. WÖÏ J~°QÆx PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Å#∞ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú.
(ã≤) á⁄@ì™êy áÈ=_»O : u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O =Å# P h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’ #∞#fl PǨ~°O`À HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O Éè’[#O`À XHõ\˜
ÖË^• Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`åO. Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’ #∞O_ç ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊§_®xH˜ 15 xIIÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. D Ô~O_»∞
QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h~°∞ PǨ~°O`Àáê@∞ „`åQÆ_»O KÕ`«, PǨ~°O`À Hõeã≤ áÈ~Ú# D h~°∞ PǨ~°O ZO`« ¿ãѨ٠J~Ú`Õ á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ Jiy
Ñ≤O_≥·, ~°ã¨OQÍ JÜÕ∞º =~°‰õÄ LO@∞O^À Jxfl QÆO@Å∞ á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡<Õ LO\Ï~Ú. JO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2 QÆOII #∞O_ç 4 QÆOII Ѩ@ì=K«∞Û.
Wxfl QÆO@Å∞ D hà◊§ |~°∞=Ù#∞, PǨ~°O |~°∞=Ù#∞ "≥∂ã≤ "≥∂ã≤ á⁄@ì =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êyáÈ`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# PǨ~°O
J~°QÆ_®xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. Wxfl QÆO@Å∞ PǨ~°O, h~°∞ Hõeã≤ L#flO^Œ∞# PǨ~°O ѨÙeã≤,
ѨÙe„`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® =ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. ѨÙe„`Õ#∞ÊʼnõΩ W^Õ HÍ~°}O. =∞x+≤ ã¨#flQÍ L<åfl, ZO`À H˘O`« =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ á⁄@ì á⁄_»∞K«∞‰õΩ
=ã¨∞ÎOk. ÉÏQÍ âßs~°Hõ „â◊=∞ KÕ¿ã ‰õÄbʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® ("å~°∞ ã¨#flQÍ L#flѨÊ\˜H©) ''z#fl ÉÁ[˚—— LO_»\ÏxH˜ u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞
HÍ~°}O.
(_ç) Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O,Éèí∞HÍÎÜ«∂ã¨O : PǨ~°O, h~°∞ Hõeã≤ Jxfl QÆO@Å∞ á⁄@ìÖ’ LO_Õ ã¨iH˜ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ PǨ~°O ѨÙeã≤, Qͺã¨∞Å∞
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L`«ÊuÎ J=Ù`å~Ú. á⁄@ì xO_»∞QÍ PǨ~°O u<åÅ<Õ HÀiHõ JO^ŒiH© LO@∞Ok. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ KÕ¿ã `«Ñ¨CÅ HÍ~°}OQÍ 1,2
QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h~°∞ ‰õÄ_® PǨ~°O`À xO_»∞QÍ L#fl á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥o§ Ѩ_»`å~Ú. nx`À á⁄@ì xO_»∞QÍ ‰õÄi# aÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ù |™êÎÖÏQÍ
`«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. D xO_ç# á⁄@ì |~°∞=Ù "≥o§ ÃÑ·# L#fl Ô~O_»∞ TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅ z=i ÉèÏQÍÅg∞^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. ^•O`À Ô~O_»∞
TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅ∞ 25–30 âß`«O =¸ã¨∞H˘x áÈ`å~Ú. `«^•fi~å QÍe "≥à◊§_»O `«yæ PÜ«∂ã¨O =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. âßfiã¨#∞ fã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜
=ÚYº J=Ü«∞="≥∞ÿ# _»Ü«∂„Ѷ¨"£∞ g∞^Œ XuÎ_ç Ѩ_ç, ^•x Hõ^ŒeHõÅ∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. J^Õ q^èŒOQÍ âßfi㨄H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKÕ á⁄@ì HõO_»~åÅ∞
 ‰õÄ_® á⁄@ìxO_»∞QÍ LO_»@O =Å# ã¨OHÀK« "åºHÀKåÅ∞ ã¨iQÍ K≥O^ŒÖË=Ù. D PÜ«∂ã¨O Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å =~°‰õÄ LO@∞Ok.
Éèí∞lOz#O^Œ∞=Å¡ =zÛ# PÜ«∂ã¨O HÍ|>Ëì nxx Éèí∞HÍÎÜ«∂ã¨O JO\Ï~°∞. á⁄@ìÖ’ U =∂„`«O MÏm ÖË^Œ∞. WÖÏ xO_»∞QÍ L#fl
á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O, h~°∞ Hõeã≤ L#flO^Œ∞=Å¡ QͺÃããπ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. P `«Ü«∂~°~Ú# Qͺã¨∞ ÃÑ·H˜ áÈ=_®xH˜ MÏm ÖËHõ „H˜O^Œ‰õΩ
áÈ=_®xH˜ ã¨O^Œ∞ ^˘~°HõHõ, á⁄@ì#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ZQÆ^Œ<Õfl@∞¡ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. nx`À á⁄@ì L|ƒ~°OQÍ, ֒ѨŠW|ƒOkQÍ LO_ç, =∞#‰õΩ
‰õΩ^Œ∞~°∞ ÖˉõΩO_® KÕã¨∞ÎOk. XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi D L|ƒ~°O =Å¡ KèåuÖ’ <˘Ñ≤Ê ‰õÄ_® =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. H˘O`« =∞OkÖ’ QÆ∞O_≥<˘Ñ≤Ê
=zÛO^Õ"≥∂ J<Õ J#∞=∂<åxfl HõeyOKÕO`« ÉèíÜ«∂xfl ‰õÄ_® D Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O Hõeæã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok.
(W) x„^Œ=∞`«∞Î ~å=_»O : Éè’[#O KÕã≤# `«~°∞"å`« PǨ~åxfl JiyOK«_®xH˜ =∞#O Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ<Õ „áê}â◊H˜ÎÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= ÉèÏQÆO á⁄@ì‰õΩ
=ã¨∞ÎOk. á⁄@ì‰õΩ „áê}â◊H˜Î Z‰õΩ¯= QÆO@Å∞ "≥o§`Õ Jxfl QÆO@Å∂ =∞x+≤H˜ |^ŒúHõOQÍ, =∞`«∞ÎQÍ LO@∞Ok. u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O
=Å¡ PǨ~°O =∂=¸Å∞ HõO>Ë Ô~\˜ìOѨ٠ã¨=∞Ü«∞O á⁄@ìÖ’ LO@∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O L#flO`«¿ãÑ¨Ó „áê}â◊H˜Î W@∞ "≥à◊§_»O`À
=∞#ã¨∞û‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯=¿ãѨ٠„áê}â◊H˜Î KåÅHõ x„^Œ=∞`«∞Î ~å=_»O, _»ÖòQÍ, h~°ã¨OQÍ LO_»@O "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q =™êÎ~Ú. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ
Éè’[#O KÕ™êHõ XHõ ‰õΩ#∞‰õΩ f¿ãÎ KåÖÏ Ç¨~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok Jx H˘O^Œ~°∞ ‰õΩ#∞‰õΩf™êÎ~°∞. =∞iH˘O^Œ~°∞ Ѩ_»∞‰õΩx ‰õΩ#∞‰õΩ fÜ«∞_»O
‰õΩ^Œ~°Hõ ‰õÄ~°∞Û<Õ Ñ¨x HÍx™êÎ~°∞. ã¨∂¯Ö’¡ Ñ≤Å¡Å∞, PѶ‘ã¨∞Ö’¡ L^ÀºQÆ∞Å∞ D `«~°Ç¨ ‰õΩ#∞‰õΩ f™êÎ~°∞. J^Õ h~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_® Éè’[#O
KÕ¿ãÎ á⁄@ì |~°∞=ÙQÍ LO_»^Œ∞. `«‰õΩ¯= ¿ãѨ\’¡ J~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì =∞#ã¨∞û K«∞~°∞QÍæ, =∞`«∞Î ÖˉõΩO_® LO@∞Ok.
3. „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ–h\˜H˜ ã¨O|O^èŒO : á⁄@ìÖ’ áêH˜∆HõOQÍ r~°‚O HÍ|_ç# PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, =¸_»= ^Œâ◊Ö’ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ
z#fl „¿Ñ=ÙʼnõΩ KÕ~°`å~Ú. JHõ¯_» ѨÓiÎQÍ r~°‚O KÕÜ«∞|_ç# PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ~°ã¨O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡xH˜ Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ|_»`å~Ú. Wk
=∂=¸Å∞QÍ z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ [iˆQ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞. PǨ~°O`À h\˜x fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =Å¡, á⁄@ìÖ’ ã¨iQÍ J~°QƉõΩO_® L#fl PǨ~° Ѩ^•~°÷"Õ∞
z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Å#∞ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PǨ~°OÖ’x „á⁄\©#∞¡, H˘=Ùfi Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ á⁄@ìÖ’ J~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. q∞ye#q
ѨÓiÎQÍ r~°‚O HÍ=_®xH˜ z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ÉèÏQÆO á⁄@ì`À Hõe¿ãKÀ@ H˘xfl r~°‚~°™êÅ∞ L`«ÊuÎ J=Ù`å~Ú. á⁄@ìÖ’x PǨ~°O
ã¨iQÍ r~°‚O H͉õΩO_® z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Å#∞ KÕi# HÍ~°}OQÍ, ^•xx JiyOK«_®xH˜ D ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ LO_Õ r~°‚ „QÆO^èŒ∞Å∞ =∂=¸Å∞
HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê÷~ÚÖ’ r~°‚ ~°™êÅ#∞ L`«ÊuÎ KÕÜ«∂eû LO@∞Ok. z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡x PǨ~°O J~°QÆ\ÏxH˜ ^•xÜ≥ÚHõ¯ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ"≥∞ÿ#
Hõ^ŒeHõÅ∞ =ÚYº HÍ~°}O. nx =Å# PǨ~°O ÉÏQÍ zÅHõiOK«|_ç, „^Œ=~°∂ѨOQÍ =∂i =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok.
PǨ~°O`À áê@∞ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= L#flѨC_»∞ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Hõ^ŒeHõÅ∞ ™êѶ‘QÍ [~°∞QÆ=Ù. D q^èŒOQÍ z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ ‰õÄ_® á⁄@ìÖ’
=∂kiQÍ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ PÅ㨺=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. ѨÓiÎQÍ J~°QÆx PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ ֒ѨeH˜ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. PǨ~°O h\˜`À
Hõeã≤ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= ¿ãѨ٠LO_»@O =Å#, PǨ~°O ѨÙeã≤ H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ QͺÃããπ L`«ÊuÎ J=Ù`å~Ú. „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ ‰õÄ_®
H˘O`« Qͺã¨∞ LO@∞Ok. „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ Hõke#ѨÙ_»∞ D Qͺãπ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛ „Ѩܫ∞`«flOÖ’ á⁄@ì L|ƒ@O, á⁄@ìÖ’ QÆ∞_»QÆ∞_»Å∞ ÖÏO\˜
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞ =∞#O Z^Œ∞~˘¯O\Ï=Ú. PǨ~°O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@ÅH˜, r~°‚O HÍ|_ç# PǨ~°O ~°HõÎOÖ’ HõÅ=_®xH˜ ã≤^ŒúOQÍ
LO@∞Ok. D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ QÆ#∞Hõ =∞#O h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ZO`À LѨÜ≥∂QÆHõ~°O. WѨC_»∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å# r~°‚"≥∞ÿ# ~°ã¨O`À Hõeã≤ h~°∞,
~°™êÅ#∞ `ÕeHõQÍ ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ<ÕÖÏ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀQÍ q∞ye# h~°∞ =∞ÖÏxfl ÃÑ^ŒÌ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’xH˜ <≥@ì_®xH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞ÎOk.
PǨ~°O ã¨iQÍ r~°‚O HÍ#ѨÙ_»∞, r~°‚O HÍx P Ѩ^•~å÷Å #∞O_ç =KÕÛ ™ê~å<Õfl =∞# â◊s~°O ã‘fiHõiã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#Ö’ „Ѩu~ÀE H˘xfl
HÀ@¡ H˘`«Î Hõ}ÏÅ∞ ѨÙ_»∞`«∂, áê`«q #tã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. H˘`«Î Hõ}ÏÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°=_»O J<Õk =∞#O u#fl PǨ~°O #∞O_ç =KÕÛ â◊H˜Îx
|\˜ì, ™ê~åxfl |\˜ì LO@∞Ok. =∞\˜ì =∞Oz^Œ~Ú`Õ ‰õΩO_» QÆ\˜ìQÍ LO@∞Ok. K«q\˜ =∞\˜ì`À KÕã≤# ‰õΩO_»ÖÏ¡QÆ ã¨iQÍ r~°‚O HÍx
PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å #∞O_ç =KÕÛ Hõ}ÏÅ∞ â◊HÎ̃ Ç‘Ï#OQÍ, PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬ `«‰õΩ¯= Hõey LO\Ï~Ú.
=∞#O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ã¨iQÍ r~°‚O HÍ#ѨC_»∞ "å\˜ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ѨÓiÎ ™ê~åxfl „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ ã‘fiHõiOK« ÖË=Ù. =∞#O u#fl ^•xÖ’
L#fl ™ê~°O, ã¨QÍxH˜ ã¨QÆO qˆ~K«#O ^•fi~å |Ü«∞@H˜ áÈ`«∂ LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞ˆH u#flk =O@ |@ì_»O ÖË^Œx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ<Õ =∂@Ö’ "åã¨Î=O W^Õ
HÍÉ’Å∞. =∞#O u#fl PǨ~°O =ÚO^Œ∞ Ñ≤O_ç J~Úº, `«~°∞"å`« ~°ã¨O J=Ù`«∞Ok. D ~°ã¨O ~°HõÎOÖ’ÔHo§ Hõeã≤ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ
KÕi`Õ â◊H˜Î =ã¨∞ÎOk. Jã¨Å∞ =∞#O u#flk ã¨iQÍ Ñ≤O_ç J=fiHõ áÈ~Ú<å, ã¨iQÍ ~°ã¨O J=fiHõ áÈ~Ú<å (=O@ |@ìHõáÈ~Ú<å) ^•x<Õ h~°ã¨O
JO\Ï~°∞. JO>Ë u#flk ã¨iQÍ ~°ã¨O HÍHõáÈ`Õ h~°ã¨=Ú JO\Ï~°∞. (~°ã¨O HÍxk–h~°ã¨=Ú). ~°ã¨O HÍxk Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ ã¨iQÍ KÕ~°^Œ∞ HÍ|>Ëì
h~°ã¨=Ú. ã¨iQÍ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ áÈ+¨Hõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, r~°‚"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ JOk`Õ QÍx "å\˜ P~ÀQƺ=Ú, PÜ«Ú+¨µ¬ ѨÓiÎQÍ LO_»^Œ∞. u#flk ã¨iQÍ
~°ã¨OQÍ =∂~°‰õΩO_® h~°∞ J_»∞¤Ñ¨_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ =∞#O u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ <À\˜Ö’, á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ [iˆQ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ʼnõΩ ZÖÏO\˜ W|ƒOk Hõeæã¨∞ÎO^À q=~°OQÍ
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. WHõ #∞O_ç =∞#‰õΩ JÖÏO\˜ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ~å‰õΩO_® r~°‚HÀâßxfl P~ÀQƺOQÍ LOK«∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åˆQ
J=ã¨~°O ~å‰õΩO_® u<Õ JÅ"å@∞#∞, PÖ’K«##∞ =∂~°∞Û‰õΩO>Ë ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. Éè’[<åxfl áê=ÙQÆO@ #∞O_ç J~°QÆO@ ¿ãѨ٠ÉÏQÍ #=ÚÅ∞`«∂,
=∂\Ï¡_»‰õΩO_®, =∞#ã¨∞û ÅQÆflO KÕã¨∂Î, ÖÏÖÏ[ÖÏxfl ÉÏQÍ Tiã¨∂Î =Ú^ŒÌ, Ñ≤O_ç JÜ«∂ºHõ „q∞Oy`Õ Z=iH© ZH˜¯à◊√§ ~å=_»O QÍx,
á⁄~°=∂~°_»O QÍh, Q˘O`«∞ Ѩ@ì_»O QÍh [~°∞QƉõΩO_® PǨ~°O 25–30 âß`«O <À\˜Ö’<Õ r~°‚O J~ÚáÈ`«∂ LO@∞Ok. <À\˜Ö’ WO`« âß`«O
ѨÓiÎ J~Ú`Õ q∞QÆ`å r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞ʼnõΩ ÉèÏ~°O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. Jã¨Å∞ âß„ã¨ÎOÖ’ Ѷ¨∞<åxfl „`åQÍe, „^Œ"åxfl #=∞ÖÏe Jx
K≥|∞`å~°∞. JO>Ë Ñ¶¨∞# Ѩ^•~°÷O „`åˆQO`« =~°‰õΩ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO Hõe¿ã@@∞¡ #=∞Å=∞x, „^Œ=Ѩ^•~°÷O q∞OQÆ_®xH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ L#flѨÊ\˜H©
ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO HõeÜ«∞HõáÈ`Õ ã¨iHÍ^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì, #q∞e`Õ ÖÏÖÏ[ÅO HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎO^Œx =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ =∂@. =Ú^ŒÌ#∞ =ÚÃÑ·Ê Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ #=∞Å=∞x
=∞# ѨÓsfi‰õΩÅ∞ J<Õ "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_®. „Ѩu~ÀE PǨ~åxfl #=∞Å_®xH˜ 24 QÆO@ÅÖ’, 1,2 QÆO@Å∞ ˆH\Ï~ÚOz ÉÏQÍ #q∞e uO>Ë r~°‚ HÀâ◊
ã¨O|Okè "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ HÍh, h~°∞ „`åˆQ J=ã¨~°O HÍh ~å=x `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∂Î, JÖψQ WHõ#∞O_ç u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆHõ áÈ`Õ =KÕÛ Ç¨~Úx
J#∞Éèqí ™êÎ~x° HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
 U h~°∞ „`åQÍe
=∞x+≤ U h\˜x „`åQÍÅ#flk „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O JO^ŒiH© „Ѩâßfl~°÷HõOQÍ<Õ LO@∞#flk. D =∞^茺HÍÅOÖ’ JO^Œ~°∂ U h\˜x |_ç`Õ P h\˜x
„`åQÆ_®xH˜ KåÖÏ ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_»∞ `«∞<åfl~°∞. U h~°∞ JO>Ë =∞#O^Œ~°‰õÄ =KÕÛ ã¨O^ÕǨÏO =ÚYºOQÍ #k h~å, É’~°∞ h~å, ÉÏq h~å, =ÚxûѨÖò
"å@~å, HÍz K«ÖÏ¡iÛ# h~å, QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~å, Ѷ≤Åì~ü h~å, „Ѷ≤*ò h~å, q∞#~°Öò "å@~å J<Õ „Ѩâ◊flÅ∞ "≥∞^Œ∞Å∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. =∞x+≤ q+¨Ü«∂x
H˘KÕÛ ã¨iH˜ Wxfl ã¨O^ÕǨÅ∞ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. J^Õ r=~åâ◊√Å~Ú`Õ U h~°∞ ^˘iH˜`Õ P h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. "å\˜ â◊s~åÅ∞ P h\˜H˜
JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_çáÈ`å~Ú. ѨÓ~°fiO ~ÀAÅÖ’ =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® U h~°∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ P h~°∞ „`åˆQ"å~°∞. "åi â◊s~°O ‰õÄ_® JÖÏ<Õ ã¨~°∞̉õΩ áÈ~ÚOk.
âß„ã¨Î q*Ï˝#O ÃÑiy# H˘nÌ Wxfl ã¨O^ÕǨÅ∞ =zÛ U h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ<åfl =∞x+≤H˜ z=iH˜ ÉèíÜ«∞O Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩO@∞#flk. Wxfl *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅ∞ D<å\˜
=∂#=Ù_»∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞#flѨÊ\˜H© ~˘OѨÅ∞, qˆ~K«<åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞, ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ [fi~åÅ∞, W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£Å∞ `«Ñ¨Ê_»O ÖË^Œ∞. g\˜#∞O_ç =∞#efl ~°H˜∆OKÕ
â◊H˜Î ÖËHõ áÈÖË^Œ∞. L#fl â◊H˜Î `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_»@"≥∂ ÖË^• ã¨iQÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=_»"≥∂, h\˜Ö’ ^ÀëêÅ∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ KÕi W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞ HõeyOK«_®xH˜
HÍ~°}O. =∞#Ö’ ZO`« ~°H} ∆õ â◊HÎ̃ L#flk PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
=∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’H˜ "≥àı§ ֒Ѩ٠=¸_»∞ ^Œâ◊ÅÖ’ â◊√„ÉèíO KÕÜ«∞|_»∞ `«∞Ok. h\˜x „`åy# `«~°∞"å`« Jq á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥o§#
"≥O@<Õ „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ^Œâ◊Ö’ Jq "Õ_çKÕÜ«∞|_»`å~Ú. "Õ_ç KÕÜ«∞|_»@O ^•fi~å JO^Œ∞Ö’ L#fl H˘xfl H˘xfl ^ÀëêÅ∞ ã¨OǨÏiOK«|_»`å~Ú. Ô~O_»=
^Œâ◊Ö’ =∞# á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ LO_Õ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_Õ ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂ h\˜ g∞^Œ ѨxKÕã≤, h\˜Ö’ LO_Õ JѨHÍ~°O KÕ¿ã ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂#∞, ѨxH˜ ~åx
„H˜=ÚÅ#∞ K«OÑ≤"ãÕ ∞¨ OÎ k. =¸_»= ^ŒâÖ◊ ’ J#=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ #ÅHõÅ∞, \ÏH˜û<£û ÖÏO\˜ "å\˜x =_»H\ õ ì̃ â◊√kúKãÕ #≤ `«~∞° "å`Õ ~°HOÎõ Ö’xH˜ ѨOѨÙ`«∞Ok.
D =¸_»∞ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ [~°QÆ\ÏxH˜ 15, 20 xIIÅ∞ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ D „H˜Ü«∞Å∞ ѨÓ~°Î~Ú# "≥O@<Õ ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜
"≥o§ HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞# á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ ~ÀQÆ x~À^èŒHõ â◊HÎ̃ ÉÏQÍ L#fl"åiH˜ h\˜Ö’ ^ÀëêÅ∞<åfl =∞#‰õΩ Ug∞ H͉õΩO_® â◊s~°O K«∂ã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok.
D =¸_»∞ ^Œâ◊ÅÖ’ â◊√kú KÕã≤# h~°∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥o§ `«~°∞"å`« WOHÍ U"≥∞ÿ<å „H˜=ÚÅ∞ QÍx, ^ÀëêÅ∞ QÍx LO>Ë e=~üÖ’ ÃѶ·#ÖòQÍ
â◊√kúKÕÜ«∞|_ç JHõ¯_ç #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ KÕ~°Û|_»∞`«∞Ok. Wk =∞#O Zxfl™ê~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åy<å „Ñ¨f™ês [iˆQ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞. =∞#O „`åˆQ h\˜x
ÃãÖˇ·<£ ÉÏ\˜ÖòÖ’ áÈã≤ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ ZH˜¯¿ãÎ "≥O@<Õ iÜ«∂Hõ∆<£ =zÛ 15, 20 xIIÅÖ’ „áê}ÏáêÜ«∞ã≤÷u HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞# á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞, e=~°∞
"≥ÚIIq h\˜Ö’ ^ÀëêÅ#∞ ZO`«QÍ â◊√kú KÕã≤ x~°O`«~°O =∞#efl ~°H˜∆ã¨∞Î<åflÜ«∞<Õk WHõ¯_» `≥Å∞ã¨∞Î #flk. =∞x+≤ ZO`«¿ãѨ\˜H© ÉÏǨϺOQÍ Hõ#|_Õ
h\˜ â◊√„ÉèÏxfl PÖ’zOz, „â◊^Œú fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞ <åfl_Õ `«Ñ¨Ê, =∞# ֒ѨŠ=∞#efl ~°H˜∆OKÕ â◊HÎ̃x ÃÑOK«∞HÀ=_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O ÖË^Œ∞. P â◊HÎ̃
=∞#Ö’ ÃÑ~°QÍÅO>Ë =∞#O „ѨHõ$u ã≤^ŒúOQÍ rqOK«=Öˇ#∞. Jk XHõ¯>Ë =∂~°æO. WOHÍ =∞#O h\˜ QÆ∞iOz `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# q+¨Ü«∂Ö’¡
=ÚYºOQÍ „Ѷ≤*ò h~°∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „`åQÆ~å^Œ∞, HÍz# h~°∞ Z=~°∞ „`åQÍe, QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ Z=~°∞ „`åQÍe, U h~°∞ „âı+¨ªO, U áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞
„âı+ª̈O "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕ^•ÌO.
1) U h~°∞ „âı+ª̈O : =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ HÍ=Åã≤# „áê}â◊H˜Î JxflO\˜ HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= QÍeÖ’ =ÙO@∞Ok. QÍe `«~åfi`« „áê}â◊H˜Î Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
=Ù#flk h\˜Ö’<Õ. =∞#O „`åˆQ h\˜Ö’ „áê}â◊HÎ̃ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ P h\˜=Å# Z‰õΩ¯= â◊HÎ̃, P~ÀQƺ=Ú, ~ÀQÆx~À^èŒHõâ◊HÎ̃ "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ·#q
=™êÎ~Ú. D h\˜H˜ ã¨∂~°ºH˜~°}ÏÅ "Õ_ç „Ñ¨u~ÀE `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂ =ÙO>Ë WOHÍ ÖÏÉèíO Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. HÍz# h\˜Ö’ „H˜=ÚÅ∞ ZÖÏ
K«xáÈ`åÜ≥∂ JÖψQ ã¨∂~°∞ºxâ◊H˜Î h\˜Ö’ =ÙO_Õ ^ÀëêÅ#∞ ǨÏiOz P h\˜H˜ â◊H˜Îx „Ѩ™êkã¨∞ÎOk. nxx ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ =ÙOK«∞H˘<Õ ã¨∞=∞f â◊`«HõOÖ’
=∞#‰õΩ XHõ Ѩ^ŒºO K≥ѨÊ|_çOk. ^•xÖ’ JÑ≤ÊK«∞Û"å_»∞, "≥·^Œ∞º_»∞, ZѨÙ_»∞ Z_»`≥QÆHõ áêˆ~ h~°∞, kfiA_»∞ („ÉÏǨχ}∞_»∞) =Ù#flKÀ@ x"åã¨O
=ÙO_»=∞x K≥áêÊ~°∞. P HÍÅOÖ’ =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ JxflO\˜HõO>ˇ „âı+¨ª"≥∞ÿ#k #kÖ’ h~°x x~°‚~ÚOKå~°∞. ZO^Œ∞HõO>ˇ #kÖ’ h~°∞ ZѨC_»∂
„Ѩ=Ç≤Ïã¨∂Î =ÙO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì x~°O`«~°O ã¨∂~°ºH˜~°}ÏÅ∞ `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂ ^À+¨~°Ç≤Ï`«OQÍ KÕ™êÎ~Ú HÍ|\˜ì, „`åQÆ_®xH˜ ‰õÄ_® ~°∞zQÍ =ÙO\Ï~Ú
HÍ|\˜ì. P ~ÀAÖ’¡ "å`å=~°} HÍÅ∞+¨ºO KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=, [<åÉèÏ `«‰õΩ¯=, WѨC_»∞#fl@∞¡ ~°Hõ~°HÍŠѨi„â◊=∞Å∂ Jg ÖË=Ù. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« =~°¬Ñ¨Ù
h~°∞ H˘O_»Å g∞^Œ #∞O_ç *Ïi #^Œ∞Å∞QÍ „Ѩ=Ç≤ÏOz =∞#∞+¨µºÅ‰õΩ „`åQÆ_®x¯ J#∞=ÙQÍ, JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞QÍ =ÙO_Õk. P h~°∞ „`åy "å~°∞
P~ÀQƺOQÍ „|uˆH"å~°∞. HÍx „Ѩã¨∞Î`« Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡ JxflO\˜HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= ^ÀëêÅ∞ Hõeæ# h~°∞ #^Œ∞ÅÖ’x hˆ~ #x K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. Ѩ@ì}ÏÅ∞
ÃÑiy, Ѩi„â◊=∞Å∞ ÃÑiy "å\˜ ^•fi~å q_»∞^ŒÖˇ·# =º~°÷Ѩ^•~å÷Åhfl #^Œ∞ÅÖ’<Õ HõÅ∞ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. ~ÀQÍÅ#∞ HõeæOKÕ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ „H˜=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O
#^Œ∞ÅÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O =ÙO@∞<åfl~Ú. W=hfl ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x =∞#ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ K≥áêÊ~°∞Hõ^•Jx #kÖ’ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
WHõ Ô~O_»=k K≥é∞=Ù h~°∞. =∞# Ñ¨Öˇ¡@∂à◊§Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞Ozh\˜H˜ P^è•~°O K≥é∞=Ù h~°∞. K≥é∞=ÙÖ’ h~°∞ „Ѩ=Ç≤ÏOK«^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì
ã¨∂~°º~°t‡ `«ye#ѨÊ\˜H© „áê}â◊H˜Î `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok. K≥é∞=ÙÖ’ h~°∞ ˆH=ÅO „`åQÆ_®xH˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ LѨÜ≥∂y¿ãÎ =∞Oz^Õ HÍx |@ìÅ∞
L`«Hõ_»O, Ѩâ◊√=ÙʼnõΩ h~°∞ „`åyOK«_»O, ™êfl<åÅ∞ K≥Ü«∞º_»O ÖÏO\˜q KÕ™êÎ~°∞ HÍ|\˜ì P h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O P~ÀQͺxH˜ JO`« =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞.
W^Õg∞ K≥Ü«∞º‰õΩO_® Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíOQÍ =ÙOK«QÆeæ`Õ „`åQÆ_®xH˜ JÉèíºO`«~°O =ÙO_»^Œ∞.
=¸_»=k ÉÏqÖ’ h~°∞. D h\˜Ö’ Yx[Å=}ÏÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO_»_»O =Å# ~°∞z ÉÏQÆ∞O_»^Œ∞. P~ÀQƺѨ~°OQÍ JO`« =∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞.
Ö’`«∞QÍ „`«=fix #∂`«∞ÅÖ’xH˜ K«∞@∞ì „Ñ¨Hõ¯Å =ÙO_Õ =ÚiH˜ QÆ∞O@ÅÖ’x h~°∞, Öˇ„\˜<£ûÖ’x h~°∞ Jn HõÅ=_®xH˜ J=HÍâ◊O =ÙO@∞Ok.
nx=Å¡ KåÖÏ J<å~ÀQͺÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
<åÅæ=k KÕuѨOѨ٠^•fi~å H˘@∞ìH˘<Õ h~°∞. D h\˜Ö’ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ HÍÅ∞+¨ºO `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞O^Œx K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. "≥∂\Ï~°∞¡ "Õã≤ <ÕÅ
#∞O_ç `À_»∞H˘<Õ h\˜Ö’ ‰õÄ_® ^ÀëêÅ∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO\Ï~Ú. HÍx P h\˜x =∞m§ \ÏO‰õΩÖ’¡ xÅ∞= KÕã≤ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞.
„Ѩã¨∞Î`«O h\˜ HÍÅ∞+¨ºO Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ÙO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì, Ѩ@ì}ÏÅÖ’, Ñ¨Öˇ¡@∂~°¡Ö’ ‰õÄ_® „ѨÉèí∞`«fiO h\˜â◊√„ÉèíO q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= „â◊^Œú
fã≤H˘x „`åˆQh~°∞ JO^ŒiH© HÍÅ∞+¨º ~°Ç≤Ï`«OQÍ JOkOKåÅ#fl ã¨OHõÅÊO`À HÀ¡i<Õ+¨<£ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞Å ^•fi~å h\˜x gÖˇ·#O`« =~°‰õÄ
â◊√„ÉèíO KÕã≤ JOk™ÈÎOk. J~Ú#ѨÊ\˜H© h\˜=Å¡ =KÕÛ J<å~ÀQͺÅ∞ =∞#‰õΩ =ã¨∂Î<Õ =Ù<åfl~Ú. JO>Ë =ÚYºOQÍ =∞#Ö’ ~ÀQÆx~À^èŒHõâ◊H˜Î `«yæ
áÈ=_»"Õ∞ HÍ~°}O.
2) HÍz =_»Hõ\˜ì# h~°∞ : KåÖÏ =∞Ok L^ÀºQÆã¨∞ÎÅ∞, "åºáê~°ã¨∞ÎÅ∞, ÉÏQÍ _»|∞ƒ#fl "å~°∞ HÍz =_»Hõ\ì̃# h~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞.
HÍÜ«∞Hõ+¨ìO KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "åi‰õΩ#fl ~ÀQÆ x~À^èŒHõâ◊H˜Î gi‰õΩO_»^Œ∞. h\˜Ö’ L#fl „H˜=ÚÅ∞, ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂Å =Å¡ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£û =™êÎÜ«∞x =ÚO^Œ∞
*Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. J~Ú<å "åiH˜ =KÕÛq "åiH˜ =ã¨∂Î<Õ LO\Ï~Ú. "Õ_ç LO_Õ y<≥flÅÖ’ LOz# "Õ_ç J<åflxfl, ‰õÄ~°Å#∞
KÕ`«∞Å`À u#‰õΩO_®, QÆi>ˇÅ`À<Õ u<åfl, HõOK«O, y<≥flÅ∞ KåÖÏ â◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl, ѨO_»∞¡, ‰õÄ~°Å#∞ ÉÏQÍ Hõ_»∞‰õΩ¯x u<åfl, HÍz# h~°∞
ÉÏQÍ „`åy<å, WOHÍ ^Œ∞=Ú‡ ^èŒ∂o `«QÆʼnõΩO_® Zxfl *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠã¨~°∞‰õΩ ÖËHõáÈ`Õ (~ÀQÆ x~À^èŒHõ â◊H˜Î) =KÕÛ
[|∞ƒÅ∞–W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£Å∞, [fi~åÅ∞, ~˘OѨÅ∞, Ug∞ PQÆ=Ù. HÍz =_»Hõ\˜ì# h~°∞, ã‘™êÅÖ’ H˘x„`åˆQ q∞#~°Öò "å@~ü ~ÀE WO\’¡ „`åˆQ JÅ"å@∞
L#fl"å~°∞ P h\˜<Õ „`åQÆ@OÖ’ `«Ñ¨CÖË^Œ∞. HÍHõáÈ`Õ g~°∞ ZHõ¯_»‰õΩ "≥o§<å, P h~°∞#∞ ‰õÄ_® Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx "≥o§ `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ J"Õ „`åQÍe.
XH˘¯Hõ¯ ™êi HÍz# h~°∞ ÖË#ѨÙ_»∞ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ JO^Œ~°∂ „`åˆQh~°∞ „`åy`Õ "≥O@<Õ ~˘OѨ, Q˘O`«∞<˘Ñ≤Ê, [Å∞|∞, [fi~åÅ∞, qˆ~K«<åÅ∞
"≥ÚIIq =KÕÛ™êÎ~Ú. HÍz# h~°∞ „`åy# "åiH˜ "åi â◊s~°O ^•xH˜ JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_ç, ‰õΩ^Œ~°#ѨÙ_»∞ "Õ̂~ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ P h\˜Ö’ L#fl ^ÀëêÅ#∞
Z^Œ∞~˘¯<Õ â◊H˜Î "åi â◊s~°OÖ’ ã≤^ŒúOQÍ ÖËHõ "≥O@<Õ `Õ_®Å∞ =KÕÛ™êÎ~Ú. HÍz =_»QÆ\˜ì# h\˜H˜ g∞~°∞ JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ ZѨÊ\˜H© J"Õ „`åQÍÅ#flk
=∞~°∞=‰õÄ_»^∞Œ .
ZHõ¯_» U h~°∞ JOk`Õ P h~°∞ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ P h\˜Ö’ L#fl ^ÀëêÅ∞ â◊s~°OÖ’xH˜ "≥o§# "≥O@<Õ, P K≥_∞» #∞ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç <≥\"ì˜ Ü Õ ∞« _®xH˜
ÖË^• K«OÑ≤ "ÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ =∞#Ö’ _çÃѶ<£û "≥∞HÍx[O (K≥_»∞#∞ ZkiOKÕ â◊H˜Î) ã≤^ŒúO J=Ù`«∞Ok. P K≥_»∞`À áÈ\Ï¡_»\ÏxH˜ =∞#Ö’ Ü«∂O\© ÉÏ_ôãπ
H˘`«ÎQÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. =∞#O „`åˆQ h\˜Ö’ U „H˜=ÚÅ∞O\ÏÜ≥∂ "å\˜x K«OѨ_®xH˜ Pâ◊H˜Î ZѨÙ_»∂ ã≤^ŒúOQÍ LO@∞Ok. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ D
~ÀA =∞# WO\’¡ ^˘OQÆÅ∞ Ѩ_®¤~°#∞HÀO_ç. U"À =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅ∞ Ѩ@∞ìH˘x áÈ`å~°∞. ˆ~Ѩ\˜ #∞O_ç =∞#O =∞m§ ^˘OQÆÅ∞ Ѩ_»‰õΩO_®, ™ê=∂#∞Å∞,
_»|∞ƒÅ∞ JO^Œ‰õΩO_® Z<Àfl *Ï„QÆ`«Î K«~°ºÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï=Ú. =∞# â◊s~°O ‰õÄ_® hà◊§Ö’ LO_Õ ^˘OQÆÅ∞ ÖÏO\˜ „H˜=ÚÅ#∞ K«OѨ_®xH˜ ~ÀE
q∞Å@s "åi ÖÏQÍ HÍѨÖÏ QÍã¨∂Î =∞#efl ~°H˜∆ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. U h~°∞ |_ç`Õ P h~°∞ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ Jxfl ~°HÍÅ hà◊§Ö’¡ L#fl „H˜=ÚÅ∞
ZÖÏO\˜"À, "å\˜x ZÖÏ K«OáêÖ’ =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ ÉÏQÍ JÅ"å@=Ù`«∞Ok. JѨÙ_»∞ U h~°∞ „`åy<å Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Z=~°∞
U h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~À, J^Õ ~°HõOQÍ h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O H˘#™êyOK«_»O =∞Ozk. "Õ∞=Ú K≥¿ÑÊ „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•<åxfl ѨÓiÎQÍ PK«i¿ãÎ,
JÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ ѨÓ~°fiO HÍz =_»Hõ\˜ì# h~°∞ „`åˆQ "åÔ~·#ѨÊ\˜H©, WѨÙ_»∞ P h\˜x ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x U h~°∞ |_ç`Õ P h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. D r=#
q^è•#OÖ’ ~ÀQÆx~À^èŒHõ =º=ã¨÷ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞ÎOk. U h~°∞ „`åy<å XHõ¯>Ë.
3) U áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ „âı+¨ªO : h\˜x =∞#O xÅ∞= LOK«_®xH˜ U^ÀXHõ áê„`«Ö’ LOK«∞`å=Ú. P áê„`«Ö’ L#flO`« ¿ãѨ٠P h\˜H˜
áê„`« Ü≥ÚHõ¯ „ѨÉèÏ=O LO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì =∞Oz áê„`«`À h\˜ HõÅ~ÚHõ =∞#‰õΩ =∞Oz^Œ<Õ L^ÕÌâ◊O`À =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ áê„`«‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯=
„áê=ÚYºO WKåÛ~°∞.
(Z) =∞\˜ì áê„`« : Wk ™ê=∂#∞ºÅ ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ç JO^ŒiH© JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ LO_Õk. =∞\˜ìáê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ LOK«_»O J<Õk JxflO\˜ HõO>Ë
L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ#k. =∞\˜ì, h~°∞ ZѨC_»∂ Hõe¿ã LO\Ï~Ú. HÍ|\˜ì h\˜H˜ =∞\˜ì áê„`«`À ã¨O|O^èŒO U #ëêìxfl HõeyOK«^Œ∞. ZO`« ZO_»
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë =∞# K«~°‡O JO`« K«Å¡QÍ LO_Õ@@∞¡ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok. Wk „áê}=Ú#fl â◊s~åxH˜ ã¨Ç¨Ï[ QÆ∞}O. JÖψQ „áê}O ÖËx
=∞\˜ì ‰õΩO_» ZO`« ZO_» Z‰õΩ¯= LO>Ë JO`« K«Å¡^Œ<åxfl `«#Ö’ L#fl h\˜H˜ JOkã¨∞ÎOk. W^Õ ‰õΩO_» ÃãÊëêe\©. U áê„`«‰õÄ D
QÆ∞}O ÖË^Œ∞. =∞\˜ì áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ "Õã¨q HÍÅOÖ’ "å_»=K«∞Û HÍh =~å¬HÍÅO, K«eHÍÖÏÖ’¡ J~Ú`Õ =∞s K«Å¡QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. JO`«
K«Å¡^Œ#O =∞Ozk HÍ^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì P ~ÀAÅÖ’ "å_»@O =∂#=K«∞Û.
(a) ~åyáê„`« : =∞\˜ì `«~åfi`« =∞Ozk ~åy. ~åy áê„`«Ö’ ~å„uH˜ h~°∞ áÈã≤ ^•xx L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Œx =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ PK«iOz
K«∂áê~°∞. ~åyáê„`«Ö’ 10, 12 QÆO@Å∞ h~°∞#∞ áÈã≤ LOz#ѨC_»∞ P ~åy ֒ǨÏO Ö’x „âı+¨ªQÆ∞}O P h\˜H˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’
‰õÄ_® ~åy âß`«O H˘O`« LO@∞Ok. ~åy áê„`«Ö’ LOz# h~°∞ U ~ÀA HÍ~ÀA "å_®e. 2, 3 ~ÀAÅ∞ JO^Œ∞Ö’ xÅ∞= LOz# h~°∞
„`åy`Õ =∞s ~åy HõÅ~ÚHõ Z‰õΩ¯"≥·, "Õˆ~ "åã¨# =ã¨∂Î h\˜ÃÑ· `≥@ìHõ_»∞`«∞Ok. ~åy áê„`« Ys^Œ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= HÍ|\˜ì JO^ŒiH© JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞
HÍ^Œ∞. _»|∞ƒÅ‰õΩ W|ƒOk ÖËHõáÈ`Õ K«eHÍÅO, =~å¬HÍÅO ~åyáê„`« "å_»∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk.
(ã≤) QÍA áê„`« : h\˜x QÍA áê„`«Ö’ áÈã≤ LOz`Õ #+¨ì"Õ∞g∞ LO_»^Œ∞. JÖψQ „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz ÖÏÉèí"Õ∞g∞ ~å^Œ∞. =∞\˜ì áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ =∞\˜ì
"åã¨#, ~åy áê„`«Ö’ h~°∞ ~åy "åã¨#, JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O y<≥flÖ’ h~°∞ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O "åã¨# =™êÎ~Ú. h~°∞ U áê„`«Ö’ LOz`Õ P
áê„`« `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕã≤# ֒ǨÏO "åã¨# =ã¨∞ÎOk. QÍAÖ’ L#fl Q˘Ñ¨Ê QÆ∞}O Uq∞@O>Ë h~°∞ QÍA "åã¨# ~å^Œ∞. HÍHõáÈ`Õ QÍA áê„`«Ö’
h~°∞#∞ ~ÀE áÈã¨∞HÀ"åÅ<åfl, xÅ∞= LOKåÅ<åfl ™ê^茺O HÍ^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ Z=~°∂ "å_»~°∞. QÍAã‘™êÅÖ’ h~°∞ áÈã≤ LOK«∞‰õΩx
=∂„`«O H˘O`« =∞Ok "å_»`å~°∞. P‰õΩѨKÛ« , hÅO ~°OQÆ∞ QÍA ã‘™êÅÖ’ h~°∞ áÈã≤, ZO_»Ö’ H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì "å_ç`Õ ã¨∂~°ºH˜~} ° ÏÅÖ’
L#fl ã¨∂Hõ∆‡â◊H˜Î P h\˜H˜ =ã¨∞ÎO^Œ<Õk „ѨHõ$u q^è•#OÖ’ XHõ ÉèÏQÆOQÍ PK«i™êÎ~°∞. ѨÓ~°fiO Wk Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_Õ"å~°∞. WѨC_»∞
`«yæáÈ~ÚOk.
(_ç) ã‘ìÖò áê„`« : =∞#O^Œ~°O ~ÀE WO\’¡ "å_Õq, JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ LO_Õq. U áê„`« ÖË#ѨÙ_»∞ W^Õ Éˇã¨∞ì. K«e, =~å¬HÍÖÏÖ’¡ h\˜x
WO^Œ∞Ö’ LOK«∞‰õΩx "å_»∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk.
(W) JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O áê„`« : JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O áê„`«ÅÖ’ h\˜x áÈã≤ LOK«∞‰õΩx „`åQÆ~å^Œ∞. h\˜Ö’xH˜ JÅ∂ºq∞xÜ«∞O =zÛ,
„`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ Jk =∞#Ö’H˜ "≥o§ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡, â◊s~°OÖ’ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ ~ÀQÍʼnõΩ HÍ~°}O J=Ù`«∞Ok. „`åˆQ h\˜x WO^Œ∞Ö’ áÈã≤ LOK«‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
(ZѶπ) áê¡ã≤ìH± áê„`«Å∞ : áê¡ã≤ìH± ã‘™êÅ∞, áê¡ã≤ìH± Hͺ<£ÅÖ’ h\˜x LOK«_»O KÕ`« h\˜H˜ áê¡ã≤ìH± "åã¨# =ã¨∞ÎOk. áê¡ã≤ìH± `«Ü«∂sÖ’ "å_Õ
 ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ ÔHq∞HõÖòû „ѨÉèÏ=O h\˜g∞^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. ÃÑ\ò ÉÏ\˜Öòû J<Õq D =∞^茺 HÍÅOÖ’ =zÛ#q. ‰õÄÖò „_çOH± ã‘™êÅ∞ D HÀ=‰õΩ
K≥Ok#"Õ. h\˜x WO^Œ∞Ö’ áÈã≤ xÅ∞= LOK«_»OKÕ`« U #+¨ì=¸ ÖË^Œx K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ ‰õÄÖò „_çOH±û WO^Œ∞Ö’ áÈã≤
J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°∞. „Ѩܫ∂}ÏÖ’¡ WO^Œ∞Ö’ h~°∞ áÈã¨∞‰õΩx, fã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊§_»O `ÕeHõ.
4) QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ Z=~°∞ „`åQÍe? : QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ JO>Ë HÍzK«ÖÏ¡iÛ# h~°∞ HÍ^Œx QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ"åe. aO^≥Ö’ h\˜x
á⁄~Úºg∞^Œ QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ (#∞e"≥K«ÛQÍ) JѨÊ\˜HõѨC_»∞ "Õ_ç KÕã¨∞‰õΩx „`åQÆ_»O. aO^≥Ö’ h~°∞, =∞\˜ì‰õΩO_»Ö’ h~°∞, ~åy áê„`«Ö’x
h\˜x Ü«∞^ä•qkèQÍ „`åy`Õ H˘O^ŒiH˜ H˘xfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ "≥O@<Õ `«QÆæ=Ù. W|ƒOk JxÑ≤ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. JÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ P h\˜x QÀ~°∞
"≥K«ÛQÍ KÕã≤ „`åy`Õ Ñ¶¨e`«O `«fi~°QÍ =ã¨∞ÎOk. ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎO „`åˆQ 5, 6 b@~°¡ h\˜x ‰õÄ_® WÖÏ „`åQÆ_»OÖ’ #+¨ìO Ug∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞#fl "å~°∞ ~À[O`å W"Õ „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Õ. Z=~°∞ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ „`åQÍÖ<Õk K«∂^•ÌO.
i) ~˘OѨÅ∞O_Õ"å~°∞ : ZѨÙ_»∂ =Ú‰õΩ¯ ~˘OѨÅ∞O_Õ"å~°∞, =Ú‰õΩ¯ ~˘OѨ Ѩ\#ì̃ "å~°∞, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ =KÕÛ"å~°∞, =Ú‰õΩ¯Å∞
aQÆ∞ã¨∞‰õΩáÈ~Ú#"å~°∞ ~ÀE „`åˆQ 5, 6 b@~°¡ h\˜x QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ "Õ_çKÕã≤H˘x „`åy`Õ `«fi~°QÍ P W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. h\˜Ö’
L#fl H˘kÌ "Õ_çH˜ P ~˘OѨÅ∞ ѨÅ∞K«|_ç LѨâ◊=∞#O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ~À[O`å „`åQÆ_»O ‰õΩ^Œ~°x "å~°∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O „`åˆQ 2.5–3 b@~°¡
h~°<åfl QÀ~°∞ "≥K«ÛQÍ „`åy`Õ =∞Ozk.
ii) ^ŒQÆ∞æ L#fl "å~°∞ : ^ŒQÆ∞æ =ã¨∞Î#fln JO>Ë HõѶ¨O TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅÖ’ ÉÏQÍ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#flk Jx J~°÷O. D h~°∞ „`åy`Õ P H˘kÌ "Õ_çH˜
âı¡+¨‡O, HõѶ¨O `«fi~°QÍ `≥yѨ_»∞`«∞Ok. H˘O^ŒiH˜ ^Œyæ ^Œyæ Q˘O`«∞ <˘Ñ≤Ê LO@∞Ok. D <˘Ñ≤Ê ‰õÄ_® "Õ_çh\˜ =Å# LѨâ◊=∞#O
K≥O^Œ∞`«∞Ok.
iii) P™ê·Å∞, ZÅs˚Å∞ L#fl"å~°∞ : `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ ~À[O`å QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h~°∞ „`åy`Õ QÍe „Ѷ‘QÍ Ö’Ñ¨Å‰õΩ, |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∞Ok.
Ñ≤e¡‰õÄ`«Å∞, Q˘O`«∞ QÆ∞~°QÆ∞~°Å∞ H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. PÜ«∂ã¨O ‰õÄ_® LѨâ◊q∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
iv) Zã≤_ç\©, JÅû~üû L#fl"å~°∞ : giH˜ Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞, Z‰õΩ¯= Ü«∂ã≤_»∞¡ Ti =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Û\˜ h~°∞ Pã≤_»¡‰õΩ
q~°∞QÆ∞_»∞QÍ Ñ¨x KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Zã≤_ç\©x QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Û\˜ h\˜`À ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈQ˘@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. Ü«∂ã≤_£û `«ˆQæ ã¨iH˜ JÅû~üû =∂_»`å~Ú.
ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞#fl"å~°∞ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Û\˜ h\˜x ‰õΩki`Õ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ „`åQÍe. ÖËHõáÈ`Õ L^ŒÜ«∞O 2.5–3
b@~°¡<åfl `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ „`åQÍe. P W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ `«QÍæHõ =∂=¸Å∞ áê„`«Ö’x h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. =∞m§ ZѨC_»∞ W|ƒOk
JxÑ≤Oz<å "≥O@<Õ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Û\˜ h~°∞ „`åQÍÅx =∞~°==^Œ∞Ì.
5) „Ѷ≤*ò h~°∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „`åQÆ~å^Œ∞? : Ju "≥K«Û^Œ#O, Ju K«Å¡^Œ#O â◊s~åxH˜ ǨxHõ~°O. Ju"Õ_ç, JuK«Å¡^Œ#O =Å¡ h\˜ ‰õΩO_Õ
Ü«∂Hõ∆<£, iÜ«∂Hõ∆<£ (K«~°º, „ѨuK«~°º) J<Õq LO_»=Ù. Jq LO>Ë<Õ ~°HõÎO =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ, "≥#H˜¯ ã‘Ê_£QÍ #_»∞ã¨∞ÎOk. Ju "Õ_ç, Ju K«Å¡^Œ#O
QÆŠѨ^•~°÷O U^≥·<å =∞# á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥o`Õ á⁄@ìÖ’ g\˜ J~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ „áê~°OÉèíO HÍ"åÅO>Ë, P Ѩ^•~°÷OÖ’ L#fl Ju J<Õk áÈ~Ú
=∂=¸Å∞ "å`å=~°}O LO_Õ ã≤÷uH˜ `«yæ#ѨÙ_Õ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ „áê~°OÉèíO J=Ù`«∞Ok. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ =∞#O Sãπ„H©"£∞ u<åfl=∞O>Ë ^•xÖ’x
LëÈ‚„QÆ`« "≥∞ÿ#ãπ _ç„wÅÖ’ LO@∞Ok. JO`« K«Å¡x Ѩ^•~°÷O "≥o§ 37 _ç„wÅ "Õ_ç L#fl (LëÈ‚„QÆ`«) =∞# á⁄@ìÖ’ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. Sãπ„H©"£∞
LëÈ‚„QÆ`« ÉÏQÍ `«‰õΩ¯= QÍ|\˜ì ^•xx 37 _ç„wÅ =~°‰õÄ "Õ_çKÕ¿ã HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl á⁄@ìÖ’x r~°‚=º=ã¨÷ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Sãπ„H©"£∞ 37 _ç„wÅ∞
"Õ_≥Hõ¯_®xH˜ =∞#á⁄@ì 25–30 xIIÅ∞ Hõ+¨ìѨ_ç`Õ HÍh J=fi^Œ∞. JO>Ë Sãπ„H©O u#fl J~°QÆO@‰õΩ QÍh Jk r~°‚O J=fi_»O „áê~°OÉèíO
HÍ^Œ∞. D J~°QÆO@ ¿ãѨ٠á⁄@ìÖ’ Sãπ„H©"£∞ J^Œ#OQÍ LO_»=Åã≤ =ã¨∞Î#flk. JÖψQ =∞#O „Ѷ≤*òh~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl=Ú. D =∞^茺
HÍÅOÖ’ „Ѷ≤*ò J<Õk JO^Œi Wà◊§Ö’¡ `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨i J~Ú#k. "Õã¨q HÍÅO =zÛO^ŒO>Ë H˘O`«=∞Ok ''_ôÑπ „Ѷ‘*ò——Ö’x h~°∞ (Ju K«Å¡x
h~°∞) ‰õÄ_® „`åQÆ∞`«∞O\Ï~°∞. P K«Å¡x h~°∞ „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ <À\˜Ö’ P h~°∞ Ѩ_»QÍ<Õ Ñ¨à◊√§, zQÆ∞à◊√§ l=∞‡O\Ï~Ú. á⁄@ì,
„¿ÑQÆ∞ʼnõΩ Uk =∞Oz^À x~°‚~ÚOKÕk <À~°∞. <À\˜H˜ P J=HÍâ◊O WKåÛ_»∞ ^Õ=Ù_»∞. P K«Å¡^Œ#O <À\˜ˆH W|ƒOk J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ á⁄@ì‰õΩ
ZO`« W|ƒOk HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À PÖ’zOK«O_ç. „Ѷ≤*ò h~°∞‰õΩ 7, 8 _ç„wÅ LëÈ‚„QÆ`« LO@∞Ok. ^•xx "Õ_ç KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë 20 x=ÚëêÅ<åfl
Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. „Ѷ≤*òÖ’x áêÅ∞ "Õ_ç KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜, JѨÙÊ_Õ Ñ≤uH˜# áêÅ#∞ "Õ_ç KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ZO`« ÉË^èŒ=ÚO^À „Ѷ≤*ò h\˜H˜ =∂=¸Å∞ ÉÏq
h\˜H˜ JO`« ÉèË^ŒO LO@∞Ok. P K«Å¡^Œ<åxH˜ á⁄@ì XHõ¯™êˆ~ ã¨OHÀzOK«∞‰õΩx áÈ`«∞Ok. P K«Å¡^Œ#O `«ˆQæ =~°‰õÄ h\˜Ö’ LO_Õ
^ÀëêÅ#∞, á⁄@ì â◊√kú KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOK«^Œ∞. Ju K«Å¡x h~°∞ „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ Q˘O`«∞Ö’ LO_Õ \ÏxûÖòû `«fi~°QÍ W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£‰õΩ QÆ∞i
J=Ù`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. D K«Å¡^Œ#O =Å¡ ~˘OѨÅ∞, Hõá¶êÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Ju K«Å¡x h~°∞ „`åˆQ "åiH˜ P™ê·,
ZÅs˚Å∞, `«∞=Ú‡Å∞, Ãã·#ãπ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, ^ŒQÆ∞æ, ~˘OѨ, Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞ "≥ÚIIq ZѨÊ\˜H© `«QÆæ=Ù. „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# â◊s~åxH˜, „ѨHõ$uH˜
^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ LO_Õ =∂=¸Å∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ, „ѨHõ$u ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# P~ÀQƺO ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ =ã¨∞ÎOk. „Ѷ≤*ò h~°∞, „Ѷ≤*òÖ’ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ u#Hõ u#Hõ
ZѨÙ_»<åfl uO>Ë "≥O@<Õ `Õ_® KÕã¨∞ÎOk. *Ï„QÆ`«Î =∞i.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#O U h~°∞ „`åQÍÅ#flk PÖ’zOKå=Ú.
=∞#O LO_Õ KÀ@ U h~°∞ JO^Œ∞ÉÏ@∞Ö’ LO>Ë P h~°∞<Õ â◊s~åxH˜ JÅ"å@∞ KÕ¿ãÎ â◊s~åxH˜ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞O_»=Ù. U h~°∞ J#flk
„Ѩ^è•#O HÍ^Œ∞. Zxfl „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åflO J#flk =ÚYºO. U HÍÅO =∂i#ѨÊ\˜H© ÉÏqÖ’ h~°∞ ÖÏQÍ ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# "Õ_ç LO_Õ@∞¡ K«∂ã¨∞H˘x „`åy`Õ
Jxfl q^è•ÖÏ =∞Ozk. h\˜x ZO`« â◊√kú KÕã¨∞‰õΩx „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl=∞#flk WHõ¯_» „Ѩ^è•#O HÍ^Œ∞. â◊s~°OÖ’ ~ÀQÆ x~À^èŒHõâ◊H˜Î ZO`« L#fl^Œ#flk
HÍ"åe. =∞#efl HÍáê_Õk J^Õ QÍx =∞#O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ h\˜ â◊√„ÉèíO HÍ^Œx QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞‰õΩO^•O.
 5,6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ ZÖÏ „`åQÍe
„Ѩu~ÀE =∞#=Ú „`åQÆ=Åã≤# 5, 6 b@~°¡ h\˜x Ô~O_»∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ q_»Q˘\˜ì „`åQÆ∞^•=Ú. 1) Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQh~°∞ 2) ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@
„`åˆQh~°∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Ñ¨~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQh\˜ QÆ∞iOz q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx JÖÏ „`åQÆ∞^•=Ú.
1) Ѩ~∞° QÆ_∞» ѨÙ# „`åˆQh~°∞ (x„^Œ ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ) : x„^Œ ÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ô \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u<Õ Ö’Ñ¨Ù =~°‰õΩ „`åˆQ h~°∞ JxK≥ѨCHÀ=K«∞Û.
D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∞#O "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 21/2–3 b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ LO@∞Ok. D "≥Ú`«ÎO h\˜x Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞
^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ Ô~O_»∞#∞O_ç =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å =º=kèÖ’ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. PÅ㨺OQÍ x„^Œ ÖË¿ãÎ WO`« =º=kè WzÛ h~°∞ „`åˆQ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O ^˘~°Hõ^Œ∞.
JO^Œ∞KÕ`« gÅ∞#flO`«=~°‰õΩ `≥Å¡"å~°∞*Ï=Ú<Õ ÖË¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. H˘O`«=∞Ok =¸_»∞ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ QÆO@ňH x„^ŒÖË™êÎ~°∞. Z=~°∞ ZxflO\˜H˜ ÖË¿ãÎ,
ÖËz# ^ŒQ~æÆ ° #∞O_ç D k#K«~º° #∞ „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ x„^ŒÖzË # "≥O@<Õ =¸„`«O áÈÜ«∂Å<Õ (JÔ~O˚ @∞QÍ) W|ƒOk HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
JÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ ÉÏ`ü~°∂O‰õΩ "≥o§=KåÛˆH „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û. =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜ =∞OK«O ky# "≥O@<Õ qˆ~K«<åxH˜ J~°˚O@∞QÍ "≥àϧÅ<Õ HÀiHõ
LO@∞Ok. WÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ |Ǩï `«‰Ωõ ¯= =∞Ok LO\Ï~°∞. Jk =∞Oz JÅ"å>Ë. JÔ~O˚ @∞ J~Ú# "å~°∞ qˆ~K«<åxH˜ "≥o§ =KåÛHõ „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û.
"≥Ú^Œ\^˜ áŒ ê¶ h~°∞ : x„^Œ ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ <À\˜x h\˜`À ѨÙH˜¯eOz Lq∞‡# `«~°∞"å`« XHõ b@~°∞ h\˜x QÆ@QÆ\Ï „`åˆQ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO
K≥Ü«∂ºe. b@~°∞ XHõ¯™êˆ~ „`åQÆÖËHõ áÈ`Õ J~°b@~°∞ „`åy 3, 4 xIIÅ∞ QÆ_çz H˘O`« `ÕeHõ JxÑ≤Oz# `«~°∞"å`Õ q∞QÆ`å J~°b@~°∞ h~°∞
„`åQÆ=K«∞Û. b@~°∞ h\˜HõO>Ë H˘O`«=∞Ok Z‰õΩ¯= ‰õÄ_® „`åQÆQÆey`Õ b@~°∞Oáê=Ù =~°‰õÄ QÍx, b@~°∞#fl~° QÍh „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. „`åQÆQÆey#
h\˜x UHõ "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. ÖË^• 2, 3 ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ 7, 8 xIIÅÖ’ J<åfl ѨÓiÎ KÕ¿ãÎ =∞Ozk.
h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ѨÓiÎ KÕ™êHõ "Õˆ~ Ѩ#∞Å∞ Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ· ÅQÆflO KÕã≤ WO\’¡ 5, 10 xIIÅ∞ J@∂ W@∂ u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂
PÖ’z¿ãÎ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ Hõ^eŒ HõÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. h~°∞ „`åy# `«~∞° "å`« "Õ̂~ PÖ’K«#Å∞ KÕÜ∞« HõáÈ`Õ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ =∞ÖÏxfl Ѩ@∞ì‰Ωõ #fl #~åÅ∞ "≥O@<Õ
ã¨_»Å∞`å~Ú. nxH˜ `À_»∞ =∞#O á⁄@ìÖ’ b@~À, b@~°∞#fl~À h\˜ |~°∞=Ù#∞ áÈã≤#O^Œ∞=Å¡, P á⁄@ì |~°∞=Ù =¨zÛ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞ÃÑ· Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok.
á⁄@ì |~°∞=Ù‰õΩ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ =∞ÅO =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ <≥@ì|_»∞`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åQÍHõ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ· ÃÑ>Ëì PÖ’K«# =∞iÜ«Ú h\˜ |~°∞=Ù Ô~O_»∂ Hõeã≤
=∞ÖÏxfl ÉÏQÍ Hõke™êÎ~Ú. „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ H˘kÌQÍ Hõ^ŒeHõÅ∞ =KåÛHõ ^˘_À¡H˜ "≥o`Õ JÜÕ∞º ã¨∞Y qˆ~K«#O HõO>Ë, ^˘_À¡H˜ JÔ~˚O@∞QÍ "≥àÏ¡e J<Õ
`«ÅOѨ٠=KÕÛ =~°‰õÄ |Ü«∞>Ë u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ (J@∂ W@∂ #_»∞ã¨∂Î) LO_ç `«~°∞"å`« "≥o`Õ UHõ "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«#=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. =∞#‰õΩ
„Ѩu~ÀE qˆ~K«#O ZѨC_À \© „`åQÍHÀ, \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u<åflHÀ ÖË^• Éè’[#O JÜ«∂ºHÀ =¿ãÎ =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞HÍ^Œ∞. x„^ŒÖËz# "≥O@<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞ =∞Å
qã¨~°˚# J~Ú`ÕQÍx WOH˘Hõ Ѩx „áê~°OaèOK«‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. =∞Å qã¨~°˚# JÜ«∂ºHõ Ѩà◊√§`À=ÚHÀ=_»O, ÔQ_»¤O wã¨∞HÀ=_»O ÖÏO\˜q KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
h~°∞ „`åy# 20, 25 xIIÅÖ’ P h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’#∞O_ç ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊§_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. 20, 25 xIIÅ `«~°∞"å`« g∞~°∞ "åºÜ«∂=∂ʼnõΩ
"≥à§◊ =K«∞Û.
WHõ¯_» QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ=Åã≤Ok WOH˘Hõ\˜ L#flk. h\˜x =∞#O "≥∞Å¡QÍ JѨC_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞, JѨC_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞ K˘Ñ¨C# „`åQÍ=∞#∞HÀO_ç. P h~°∞
‰õÄ_® ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜ "≥o§ qã¨~°˚# „H˜Ü«∞, â◊√kú HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O JO`å KÕã¨∞ÎOk. WÖÏ h\˜x JѨC_»∞ H˘OK≥O, JѨC_»∞ H˘OK≥O „`åy`Õ XHõ ÖÏÉèí"Õ∞
=ã¨∞ÎOk. Jk XHõ¯ =¸„`«â◊√kú =∂„`«"Õ∞ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. J^Õ h\˜x XHõ¯™êˆ~ 1–11/2 b@~°∞ =~°‰õÄ „`åy`Õ =KÕÛ ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞. "≥Ú^Œ\˜k h\˜
=uÎ_ç =Å¡, =∞Åâ◊√kú [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Ô~O_»=k P h~°∞ ^•fi~å =¸„`« â◊√kú. XHõ \˜ÔH\ò‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ ã≤x=∂Å∞ ÖÏQÍ, XHõ ^≥|ƒ‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ Ñ≤@ìÅ∞
ÖÏQÍ h\˜x XHõ¯™êˆ~ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ Ô~O_»∞ ÖÏÉèÏÅ#fl =∂@. =∞#O „`åy# "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥o§, JHõ¯_»#∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ
"≥o§ ~å„`«O`å, â◊s~° qã¨~#°̊ „H˜Ü∞« Ö’ Hõke# K≥_∞» #O`«\h˜ <å#ɡ_∞» `«∞Ok. ~å„u u#QÍ =kÖËã#≤ y<≥flÅ#∞ L^ŒÜ∞« O ѨÓ@ `À"Õ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞
"å\˜ g∞^Œ Ô~O_»∞ K≥O|∞Å∞ hà◊√§ áÈã≤ <å#ɡ_»`å~°∞. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ WѨC_»∞ ֒ѨŠJ^Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕã¨∞ÎO^Œ#fl=∂@. WѨÙ_»∞ U^À XHõ
"åºÜ«∂=∞O KÕ¿ãÎ =∞#Ö’ L#fl K≥_»∞ ÉÏQÍ Hõ^Œ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. h~°∞ K≥_»∞#∞ <å#ɡ_ç`Õ, "åºÜ«∂=∞O ^•xx Hõ^Œ∞ѨÙ`«∂ LO@∞Ok.
~Ô O_»=^Œáê¶ h~°∞ : "åºÜ«∂=∞O KÕ¿ã"å~°∞ Jk K≥Ü«∞º_»O ѨÓiÎ JÜ«∂ºHõ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. WO\’¡ Ѩx KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "å~°∞, "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi „`åQÍHõ
45–60 xIIÅ `«~åfi`« Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. gÅ∞‰õΩ^Œ~°Hõ áÈ`Õ WOHÍ HÍã¨Î ÖË@∞QÍ „`åy<å W|ƒOk ÖË^Œ∞. "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ™êi ÖÏQÍ<Õ
Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê ‰õÄ_® h\˜x „`åQÆQÆey#xfl „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. h\˜x „`åy# `«~°∞"å`« "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ™êi ÖÏQÍ =∞#ã¨∞û „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ· ÅQÆflO KÕã≤ J@∂ W@∂
5, 10 xIIÅ∞ #_»∞™êÎ~°∞. "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi *Ï_çOz "≥o§Ok QÆ^• WOHÍ Uq∞=ã¨∞ÎOkÖË Jx JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk H˘O`« =∞OkH˜. =∞#‰õΩ g∞@~°∞#fl~°
á⁄_»=ÙO_Õ =∞ÖÏâ◊Ü«∞O LO@∞Ok. =∞#‰õΩ "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi ™êѶ‘QÍ, Z‰õΩ¯= qˆ~K«#O J~Ú`Õ =¸~° á⁄_»=Ù „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ qˆ~K«#O |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =zÛ
LO@∞Ok. WOHÍ Ô~O_»∞ =¸~°¡ ÃÑ·QÍ á⁄_»=ÙO_Õ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ =∞ÅO ^•y LO@∞Ok. P ã¨OQÆu J~°÷O HÍHõ PÖ’zOK«=Ú. "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi
qˆ~K«#=Ú J~Ú#ѨÙ_»∞ MÏm J~Ú# „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ "≥#HÍÅ „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ L#fl =∞Å=Ú [iy "≥à◊§_®xH˜ J~°QÆO@ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. JO>Ë
g∞~°∞ "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi qˆ~K«#O "≥o§# `«~°∞"å`« J~°QÆO@Ö’ Ô~O_»= qˆ~K«#OÖ’ áÈ=Åã≤# =∞ÅO, =∞Å^•fi~°O =^ŒÌ‰õΩ KÕi ã≤^Œú=ÚQÍ
LO@∞#fl^Œ#fl=∂@. WHõ PÖ’zOz =^ŒÅ_»O g∞^Õ PÅ㨺O J#fl@∞¡ =∞ÅO Ñ≤Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. Ô~O_»=™êi KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ *Ï_çOz ѨÅ∞K«QÍ,
hà◊§QÍ, Q˘@ìO H˘\˜ì#@∞¡QÍ "≥o§áÈ`«∞Ok. =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜ Ô~O_»=™êi qˆ~K«#O ~å=_®xH˜ WOHÍ H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ∞ Ѩ@ì=K«∞Û.
Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ „`åy# `«~°∞"å`« "≥àı§ Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê qˆ~K«#OÖ’, H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ hà◊√§ hà◊§ÖÏ, ѨÅ∞K«QÍ =∞ÅO =¿ãÎ HõOQÍ~°∞QÍ
JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. qˆ~K«<åÖË"≥∂##fl ÉèíÜ«∞O ‰õÄ_® H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞ U"≥∞ÿ<å =∞ÅOÖ’ áÈ~Ú h~°ã¨Ñ¨_»`å"Õ∞"≥∂ Jx
ã¨O^ÕǨÏO ‰õÄ_® HõÅ∞QÆ=K«∞Û. "≥Ú^Œ\˜^Œá¶ê Z‰õΩ¯= hà◊√§ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ JO^Œ∞Ö’x H˘O`« h~°∞ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ „Ѩ"Õtã¨∞ÎOk. Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê
=∞~°ÖÏ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ ‰õÄ_® H˘O`« h~°∞ JÖÏ<Õ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. D Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ "≥o§# hà◊√§ qˆ~K«<åxfl "≥∞`«ÎQÍ, ѨÅ∞K«QÍ KÕã≤ Ô~O_»= ™êi
qˆ~K«#O`À Hõeã≤ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =™êÎ~Ú. =∞#O „`åy# h\˜Ö’ H˘O`« ÉèÏQÆO WÖÏ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞ QÆ∞O_® =ã¨∞ÎO^Õ `«Ñ¨Ê nx=Å¡ U #+¨ìO LO_»^Œ∞.
J^Õ g∞~°∞ h\˜x H˘kÌ H˘kÌQÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∞O>Ë, P „`åy# h~°∞ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ "≥à◊§^Œ∞. nxx XHõ z#fl L^•Ç¨Ï~°} ^•fi~å `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
"å# "≥∞e¡QÍ, z#fl [Å∞¡QÍ ‰õΩi¿ã@ѨÙ_»∞ P h\˜x Éèí∂q∞, Ѩ_»¤"å\˜x Ѩ_»¤@∞¡ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩO@∞Ok. WÖÏ "å# ‰õΩiã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ <ÕÅg∞^Œ Z‰õΩ¯"≥·
ѨÖÏ¡xH˜ áê~°@O LO_»^Œ∞. J^Õ "å# *’~°∞QÍ ÃÑ^ŒÌ z#∞‰õΩÅ∞ Ѩ_»¤Ñ¨C_»∞ <ÕÅ h\˜x Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀQÍ, WOHÍ h~°∞ <ÕÅÃÑ· Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok.
JѨÙ_»∞ P h~°∞ ѨšOQÍ L#fl "≥·Ñ¨Ù áê~°∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O XHõ¯™êˆ~ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ á⁄@ì, z#fl „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩ<Õ Ö’¿Ñ =∞ÅO
„¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ H˘xfl [iy "≥o§ qˆ~K«#OÖ’ #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =™êÎ~Ú.
Ô~O_»=™êi h~°∞ „`åy<å H˘O`«=∞OkÖ’ qˆ~K«#O J=fi^Œ∞. J=fiÖË^Œx ɡOQÆ=^Œ∞Ì. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO LO_»@O =Å# "≥O@<Õ
J#∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ =∞# =∂@ q#HõáÈ=K«∞Û. Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ h~°∞ „`åy<å =∞ÅO Hõ^ŒÅ@O ÖË^ŒO>Ë JÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Û\˜ h\˜`À
'Zx=∂— H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk. Ô~O_»=™êi h~°∞ „`åy qˆ~K«# HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞ ѨÓiÎ J~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« ™êfl#O KÕ¿ã"å~°∞ P
HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞ ѨÓiÎ KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
=¸_»=^Œáê¶ h~°∞ : Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅÖ’<Õ 21/2 #∞O_ç 3 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy# "å~°∞ =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_® =∂x"ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
"≥Ú^Œ\˜ ^Œá¶ê b@~°∞, Ô~O_»= ^Œá¶ê b@~°∞ Z=Ô~·`Õ „`åQÆ∞`å~À, "å~°∞ D =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x `åy# `«~°∞"å`«<≥·<å qˆ~K«#OÃÑ· PÖ’K«#
ÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û. J~Ú`Õ J=Ù`«∞Ok ÖË^• =ke "ÕÜ«∞O_ç. ZѨC_»<åfl >ÿ̌=Ú ‰õΩ^Œ~°#ѨÙ_»∞ ‰õÄ_® D =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ ZQ˘æ@ì=K«∞Û.
ÉÏQÍ |~°∞=Ù L#fl"å~°∞, =∞Å|^ŒúHõO Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl"å~°∞, H˜_ôflÅÖ’ ~åà◊√§ L#fl"å~°∞, ÉÏQÍ n~°… ~ÀQÍÅ∞#fl"å~°∞, â◊s~°O ÉÏQÍ "åã¨#Å∞
=ã¨∞Î#fl "å~°∞, "≥Ú^Œ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅÖ’ 3 b@~°∞¡ „`åy#ѨÊ\˜H©, "å~°∞ =¸_»= ^Œá¶êQÍ WOH˘Hõ b@~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Õ. ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê#
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞#fl"å~°∞ 4, 5 <≥ÅÅ áê@∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ 4 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Ozk. 4 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åˆQ "å~°∞ 3 QÆO@Å =º`åºã¨OÖ’
ѨÓiÎ KÕ¿ãÎ „Ѷ‘QÍ LO@∞Ok. Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@ÅÖ’<Õ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ b@~°∞¡ „`åy`Õ H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ |~°∞=ÙQÍ JxÑ≤OK«=K«∞Û. JÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ HÍã¨Î Z‰õΩ¯=
ã¨=∞Ü«∂xfl h~°∞ „`åQÆ_®xH˜ =∞^茺 LOz`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok.
=∞#O L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ „`åˆQ D h\˜ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl 7 ÖË^• 7.30 QÆO@ÅHõÖÏ¡ =Úy¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. =∞#O „`åy# h\˜ ^•fi~å =KÕÛ
=¸„`«O 9 ÖË^• 9.30 QÆO@Å HõÖÏ¡ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk. PѶ‘ã¨∞ʼnõΩ, "åºáê~åʼnõΩ "≥à◊§=Åã≤# "åiH˜ '=¸„`«O— Ѩ#∞Åhfl WO\˜Ö’
LO_»QÍ<Õ J~ÚáÈ`å~Ú. WOHÍ H˘OK≥O =ÚO^Œ∞ WO\˜#∞O_ç |Ü«∞@ Ѩ_»=Åã≤# "å~°∞ WOHÍ =ÚO^Œ∞ ÖËz h\˜ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∂xfl ѨÓiÎ KÕ¿ãÎ
=∞Ozk.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ Ñ¨~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠ~å„uѨÓ@ [iy# i¿Ñ~°∞Ö’x ^ÀëêÅ#∞, ~å„uH˜ â◊s~°O qã¨i˚OK«∞‰õΩ#fl
=º~å÷Å#∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx J@∞ =¸„`«OÖ’, "≥∂+¨<£Ö’, W@∞ K≥=∞@Ö’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ÖÏH˘¯x =ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O ™êfl#O KÕ¿ãÎ â◊s~°O ÃÑ·H˜ ZÖÏ
â◊√„ÉèíѨ_»∞`«∞O^À, Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQ h\˜ =Å# ֒ѨŠ„Ѩu Hõ}O, 5, 6 b@~°¡ ~°HõÎO JÖÏ JO`«~°∞‡Y ™êfl#O KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Wxfl ~ÀAÅ∞ =∞#O
â◊s~åxfl ÃÑ·H˜ =∂„`«"Õ∞ Hõ_çQÍO. WѨÙ_»∞ â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠ[ÖÏaè¿+HõO KÕã≤#@∞¡ J=Ù`«∞Ok. r=~åâ◊√Åhfl ֒ѨŠѨiâ◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LOK«∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú
HÍ|>Ëì Jq ÃÑ·H˜ ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∞=Ù. =∞x+≤ =∂„`«O ÃÑ·H˜ Hõ_»∞QÆ∞`«∂ ֒ѨŠ=kÖËã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞. ÃÑ·H˜ Zxfl™ê~°∞¡ Hõ_çy<å Jk xÅ=^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ
=∞#O ZÖÏO\˜ ã¨|∞ƒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃<å, áœ_»~∞° ¡ ѨÓã≤<å, „H©=ÚÅ∞ ~åã≤<å, =∞#Ö’ ^•y L#fl =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å "åã¨#Å∞ QÆO@ u~°‰Ωõ ¯O_®<Õ =∞m§
=KÕÛ™êÎ~Ú. g∞‰õΩ WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ Ö’Ñ¨Å ÉèÏQÍÅ#∞ ZÖÏ ™êfl#O KÕ~ÚOKåÖ’ `≥eã≤Ok QÆ^•! WHõ g∞~°∞ ÃÑ·H˜ ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ~Ú<å
Ѷ¨~°"åÖË^Œ#fl =∂@. D ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∞_»O g∞‰õΩ JÅ"å@~Ú`Õ g∞‰õΩ WHõ áœ_»~°∞¡, ¿Ñã¨∞ìÅ∞, „H©=ÚÅ∞, J`«Î~°∞¡ H˘<Õ J=ã¨~°O LO_»^Œ∞.
=∞#Ö’ LO_Õ 68 âß`«O h\˜x U ~ÀAHÍ~ÀA Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíO KÕÜ«∞_»O JO>Ë W^Õ. Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQhˆ~ =∞#efl Ѩiâ◊√„ÉèíO KÕã¨∞ÎOk `«Ñ¨Ê
ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ „`åˆQ h~°∞ =∞#efl H©¡<£ KÕÜ«∞^Œx `≥eÜ«∂e.
QÆ=∞xHõ :
1. ~˘OѨÅ∞, ^ŒQ∞Æ Åæ ∞, Ãã·#ãπ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, `«∞=Ú‡Å∞, P™ê·Å∞, JÖˇsÅ˚ ∞, Zã≤_\ ç Å© ∞, JÅû~üÅ∞, Wãπ<ÀѶe‘ Ü«∂Å∞ L#fl "å~°∞ D
Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQ h\˜x QÀ~°∞ "≥K«ÛQÍ „`åy`Õ =∞Ozk.
2. h\˜x „`åQÆ@O ѨÓiÎ JÜ«∂ºHõ U^≥·<å u#_®xH˜ 20, 30 xIIÅ∞ MÏm J>Ëì ÃÑ\˜ì `«~°∞"å`« „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û.
2) ѨQ\Æ ˜ ѨÓ@ „`åˆQ h~°∞ : ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ =∞#O U^À XHõ PǨ~°O uO@∂ LO\ÏO. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl PǨ~åxfl
JiyOK«_®xH˜, Jiy# ^•xfl "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊§_®xH˜, "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥o§# ^•xfl â◊H˜ÎQÍ =∂~°Û_®xˆH H͉õΩO_® WOHÍ Ô~O_»∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜
‰õÄ_® LѨÜ∂≥ QÆÑ_¨ ∞» `«∞#flk. XHõ\,˜ =∞#O ѨQÅÆ ∞ U^À XHõ Ѩx KÕã∞¨ OÎ \Ï=Ú. P Ѩx KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ =∞# HõO_»~åÅÖ’ "Õ_ç ѨÙ_»∞`«∞Ok. ѨÙ\ì̃#
P "Õ_çx ZѨÊ\˜HõѨC_»∞ K«ÖÏ¡ˆ~Û h~°∞ HÍ"åe. Ô~O_»=k, ѨQÆÅ∞ ZO_» LO@∞Ok. P ZO_» #∞O_ç =∞#efl, =∞# K«~å‡xfl HÍáê_®ÅO>Ë
ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ ZѨÙ_»∂ LO_®e. D Ô~O_»∞ q^èŒ∞Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® ã¨=∞~°÷=O`«OQÍ x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«_®xH˜ =∞#O h\˜x ã¨Ô~·# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
â◊s~åxH˜ JOkOKåe. ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ â◊s~°O x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«=Åã≤# q^èŒ∞ÅxflO\˜H© ã¨iѨ_® h~°∞–JO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2.5 #∞O_ç 3 b@~°¡ h~°∞, D
h\˜x U ã¨=∞Ü«∂xH˜ Zxfl „`åQÍÅ#flk `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åQƉõΩO_®, ZѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy<å á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_Õ D
2.5–3 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åQÍÅx QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
<åÅæ=^Œáê¶ h~°∞ : \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« #∞O_ç „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. \˜Ñ¶≤<£ D Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@ÅÖ’ ѨÓiÎQÍ r~°‚O J~Úº, JO>Ë
Ñ≤O_çÖÏ J~Úº LO@∞Ok. =∞#O WѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ P Ñ≤O_ç, D h\˜`À HõÅã≤ ~°ã¨OQÍ =∂~°∞`«∞Ok. D ~°ã¨O ~°HõÎOÖ’ ÔHo§ HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk.
<åÅæ= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x XHõ¯™êˆ~ b@~°∞ JO`«HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ=Åã≤# Ѩx ÖË^Œ∞. qˆ~K«#O J=fi=Åã≤# ѨxÖË^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì JOK≥ÅOK≥Å∞QÍ
„`åQÆ=K«∞Û. "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi QÍ¡ã¨∞ ÖË^• XHõ\˜#fl~° QÍ¡ã¨∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. Ô~O_»=™êi 1 ÖË^• 2 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ\ÏxH˜ J~°QÆO@ #∞O_ô
QÆO>ˇÿ<å MÏm W=fi=K«∞Û. WÖÏ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`«#∞O_ç Éè’[<åxH˜ J~°QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞ =~°‰õΩ b@~°∞
h\˜x „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. WOHÍ HÍ"åÅO>Ë b@~°∞#flÔ~·<å „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O PÑ≤# 20–30 xIIÅ `«~°∞"å`« Éè’[#O „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#O „`åy# <åÅæ= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ ZO_»#∞O_ç =∞#efl HÍáê_»∞`«∂ â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ âß`åxfl `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® HÍáê_»∞`«∞Ok.
Éè’[#O KÕ¿ã =ÚO^Œ∞ „QÆO^ä∞Œ ÅÖ’, ~°HOÎõ Ö’ ZѨÙ_≥`
· Õ h~°∞ ã¨iѨ_® L#fl^À, JѨÙ_»∞ <À\˜Ö’, á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ u#É’ÜÕ∞ PǨ~åxfl JiyOK«_®xH˜
Tˆ~ r~å‚k ~°™êÅ∞ ã¨=∞$kúQÍ T~°`å~Ú. r~å‚k ~°™êÅÖ’ LO_Õk Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O hˆ~ HÍ|\˜ì Éè’[<åxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ
LO>Ë D r~å‚k ~°™êÅ∞ `«‰õΩ¯= "≥∂`å^Œ∞Ö’ T~°`å~Ú. JO>Ë PǨ~°O u<Õ J~°›`«#∞ =∞#‰õΩ <åÅæ= ^Œá¶ê h~°∞ Hõeæã¨∞Î#flk.
S^Œ=^Œáê¶ h~°∞ : =∞^蕺ǨÏflO Éè’[#O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« S^Œ= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOK«=K«∞Û. S^Œ= ^Œá¶ê
„`åQÆ=Åã≤# h~°∞ XHõ b@~°∞ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. Éè’[#O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@ʼnõΩ á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O J~°QÆ@O ѨÓiÎ J=Ù`«∞Ok. HÍh z#fl
„¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ WOHÍ r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. HÍ|\˜ì XHõ¯™êˆ~ b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ á⁄@ì |~°∞=ÙQÍ, PÜ«∂ã¨OQÍ LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«
S^Œ= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x ‰õÄ_® Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. =∞#O WÖÏ h\˜x „`åy`Õ, P h~°∞ á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ Jiy# PǨ~åxfl
~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥∂ã¨∞H˘x "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. `«~°∞"å`« ~°HõÎO #∞O_ç Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ "≥∂ã¨∞ÎOk. ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ =∞#O U^À XHõ ѨxKÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï=Ú. P ѨxÖ’
=KÕÛ "Õ_ç#∞O_ô ZO_»#∞O_ô, =∞#efl D S^Œ= ^Œá¶ê „`åy# h~°∞ HÍáê_»∞`«∞Ok. ZѨÙ_»<åfl H˘|ƒi hà◊√§QÍh, =∞l˚QÆ HÍh „`åQÍÅx LO>Ë
D S^Œ= ^Œá¶ê b@~°∞ h\˜Ö’ J~° b@~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ „`åy J~°QÆO@ Py# `«~°∞"å`« ÉÁO_®Å∞ QÍh, =∞l˚QÆ QÍh „`åQÆ=K«∞Û.
P~°=^Œáê¶ h~°∞ : D h\˜x ™êÜ«∞O„`«O 5–30 QÆO@Å #∞O_ç 6–30 QÆO@Š֒Ѩ٠ѨÓiÎ KÕ¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. D h\˜x „`åˆQ@ѨC_»∞
á⁄@ìÖ’ Ug∞ PǨ~°O LO_»‰õΩO_® MÏmQÍ LO_®e. 6–30 QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« „`åy`Õ, D h\˜ ^•fi~å =KÕÛ =¸„`«=Ú ~å„u 10, 11 QÆO@Å
=~°‰õÄ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. x„^•ÉèíOQÆO ~å‰õΩO_® LO_®ÅO>Ë 6.30 QÆOII ֒Ѩ٠„`åy`Õ, Ѩ_»∞‰õΩ<Õ Ö’Ñ¨Ù =¸„`« qã¨~°˚# ѨÓiÎ J=Ù`«∞Ok.
„áÈ¿ãì\ò „QÆOkè W|ƒOk L#fl "åÔ~·<å, ~å„uѨÓ@ Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ =¸„`«O =KÕÛ "åÔ~·<å, ÃÑ^ŒÌ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û "åÔ~·<å 5.30 QÆO@Å HõÖÏ¡ „`åQÆ_»O
=∞Ozk. P~°= ^Œá¶ê „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h~°∞ XHõ b@~°∞. nxx ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ HÍHõ XˆH™êi b@~°∞ „`åy, L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖÏQÍ =∞~°ÖÏ PÖ’K«# „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ·
ÃÑ_ç`Õ KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ qˆ~K«#O J=Ù`«∞Ok. WѨÙ_»∞ =KÕÛ qˆ~K«#O L^ŒÜ«∞O u#fl \˜Ñ¶≤<£ `åÅ∂‰õΩ^Œ=Ù`«∞Ok. L^ŒÜ«∞O Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ J~Ú#
"åiˆH, =¸_»= ™êi ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO "≥o§#ѨÙ_»∞ \˜Ñ¶≤<£ `åÅ∂‰õΩ "≥∂+¨<£ =ã¨∞ÎOk. L^ŒÜ«∞O XHõ™êi "≥o§# "åiH˜, Ô~O_»= ™êi L^ŒÜ«∞O
~å‰õΩO_® Py ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO WѨÙ_»∞ =ã¨∞ÎOk. Uk U"≥∞ÿ<å Jk ZѨÊ\˜^≥·<å =∞#‰õΩ J#=ã¨~°O. Jk Hõke ~å=_»"Õ∞ XHõ Q˘Ñ¨Ê J^Œ$+¨ìO. h~°∞
„`åy# J~°QÆO@ `«~åfi`« Éè’[#O KÕ¿ãÎ =∞Ozk. ÃÑO^ŒÅHõ_»<Õ PǨ~°O fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë ("≥Å∞`«∞~°∞O_»QÍ<Õ ÖË^• 7 QÆO@Š֒ѨÙ) Ѩ_»∞‰õΩ<Õ ã¨iH˜
Éè’[#O JiyáÈ`«∞Ok. Éè’[#O Jiy# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ q„âßOu fã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. JѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ô =∞# â◊s~°O H©¡xOQ∑, i¿Ñ~°∞
KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O „áê~°Oaèã¨∞ÎOk. g∞~°∞ Éè’[#O ÉÏQÍ á⁄^Œ∞Ì áÈ~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« uO>Ë H©¡xOQ∑, i¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯= >ˇÿ=Ú LO_»^Œ∞. WÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ Z‰õΩ¯=
[|∞ƒÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO Éè’[#O KÕã≤# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« J~°QÍ¡ã¨∞ ÖË^• QÍ¡ã¨∞ h~°∞ „`åy Ѩ_»∞HÀ=K«∞Û. ÖËHõáÈ`Õ XHõ QÍ¡ã¨∞
=∞l˚QÆ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. P `«‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ Jiy# PǨ~åxfl "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊§_®xH˜ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ, ~å„uH˜ '=¸„`«O—
W|ƒOk LO@∞Ok. ~å„u x^ŒÌ\’¡ 2, 3 QÆOII =∞^茺 ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =¸„`åxH˜ "≥à◊§_®xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok ÖË™êÎ~°∞. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ <À~°∞
ZO_çáÈ~Ú#@∞¡ LO@∞Ok. â◊s~°O P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ i¿Ñ~°∞, H©¡xOQ∑ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ LO@∞Ok. "≥∞ʼnõΩ= =zÛ ÖË¿ãÎ P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ 1,2 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞
h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Oz^Õ. W|ƒOk J#∞‰õΩO>Ë ÖËz# `«~°∞"å`« „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞. „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz x„^Œ ÖËz „`åQÆ=Åã≤# ^Õg∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
=¸„`«O ѨK«ÛQÍ H͉õΩO_®, `≥Å¡QÍ, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ, ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J~Ú`Õ P~ÀQͺxH˜ =∞Ozk. ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯= J~Ú`Õ Jxfl Z‰õΩ¯= =º~°÷
Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã¨i˚OѨ|_»`å~Ú. ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ ~ÀE L^ŒÜ«∞O =¸„`«O JO^ŒiH© `≥Å¡QÍ<Õ J=Ù`«∞Ok. HÍx =∞^蕺ǨÏflO, ™êÜ«∞O„`«O
"≥àı§ =¸„`«O H˘kÌQÍ ~°OQÆ∞#∞ Hõey LO@∞Ok. HÍx ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ h~°∞ „`åy# "åiH˜ Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ<Õ „`åy# h\˜=Å#– L^ŒÜ«∞O
JÜÕ∞º =¸„`«O† L^ŒÜ«∞O „`åˆQ h\˜ =Å#–=∞^蕺ǨÏflO =¸„`«O† =∞^蕺ǨÏflO „`åˆQh\˜ =Å#–™êÜ«∞O„`«O JÜÕ∞º =¸„`«O `≥Å¡QÍ ~°OQÆ∞
ÖˉõΩO_® J=Ù`«∞Ok. WÖÏ J=fi_»O =Å# ֒ѨÅ∞#fl K≥_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Hõke =KÕÛã¨∞ÎOk.
H˘`«ÎQÍ ˆ~Ѩ\˜ #∞O_ç, D „ѨHÍ~°O h\˜x „`åQÆ „Ѩܫ∞uflOKÕ"å~°∞, =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ 3, 4 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç. L^ŒÜ«∞O
1.5–2 b „`åQÆ_»O, ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ 1.5–2 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O 4, 5 ~ÀAÅÖ’ JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞H˘x „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ 5, 6 ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#OÖ’xH˜
"≥à◊§O_ç. g∞‰õΩ W|ƒOkQÍ LO>Ë 5 b@~°¡ `À<Õ ã¨iÃÑ@∞ìHÀO_ç. 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åy JÖÏ ÉÏQÆ∞O>Ë JÖψQ H˘#™êyOK«O_ç. ÃÑ^ŒÌ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û =zÛ
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ u~°QÆx =Úã¨e "å~°~Ú`Õ 4 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åy ã¨iÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û. ˆ~Ѩ\˜ #∞O_ç HÍã¨Î JÅ"å@∞ JÜÕ∞º =~°‰õΩ D h\˜x
„`åˆQ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O ÃÑ^ŒÌ ѨxQÍ LO@∞Ok. ÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç „`åQÆ_»O, qˆ~K«<åxH˜ "≥à◊§_»O, H˘O`« >ˇÿ=Ú JÜ«∂ºHõ =¸„`åxH˜ "≥à◊§_»O,
=∞m§ „`åQÆ_»O, =∞m§ qˆ~K«<åxH©, =¸„`åxH˜ "≥à◊§_»O, =∞m§ „`åQÆ_»O, u#_»O, "≥à◊§_»O WÖÏ ~å„u JÜÕ∞º ã¨iH˜ ^˘_À¡H˜, WO\’¡H˜ u~°QÆ_»O,
„`åQÆ_»O, u#_»O ~À[O`å W^Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞O^ŒxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. D h\˜ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O =Å¡ ~À[O`å D Ѩ<Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok, WOHõ "Õˆ~ Ѩ#∞ÖËg∞
KÕã¨∞HÀ#Hõ¯~° ÖˉõΩO_®, ‰õÄ~ÀÛhÜ«∞‰õΩO_® KÕã¨∞ÎO^Œx g∞ JO^Œ~°∂ ##∞fl "å~°O Ѩk ~ÀAÅ∞ u\˜ì# u@∞ì u@ì‰õΩO_® u@∞ì‰õΩO\ψ~"≥∂!
u_ç`Õ u@∞ìHÀO_ç QÍx D h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl =∂„`«O =∂#HõO_ç. WOH˘Hõ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ FÑ≤Hõ Ѩ@ìO_ç. Jhfl JÅ"å@∞ J~Úº Ǩ~ÚQÍ,
`ÕeQÍæ, QÍeÖ’ `Õe#@∞¡ LO@∞Ok. P `«~°∞"å`« 'ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ~åA— =∂‰õΩ ZO`« =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞ KÕ™ê_® Jx g∞ˆ~ Hõ#|_»¤ "å~°O^ŒiH©
K≥|∞`å~°∞ K«∂_»O_ç. =ÚO^Œ∞ g∞~°∞ =∂„`«O =∂#‰õΩO_® „`åQÆO_ç. <å =∂@ q#O_ç. WO`«QÍ „|u=∂e ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ K≥|∞`«∞<åfl<À J~°÷O
KÕã¨∞HÀO_ç, P~ÀQƺO JO>Ë J~°÷O J=Ù`«∞Ok.
L^ŒÜ«∞O x„^Œ ÖËz# `«~°∞"å`« Ñ≤Å¡"å_çx ÉÏ|∂! „|+π KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl"å Jx J=∞‡ J_»∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WOHÍ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ=∂‡! JO>Ë J~Ú`Õ
`˘O^Œ~°QÍ KÕã¨∞H˘x ~å, áêÅ∞ „`åˆQ >ˇÿO J~ÚOk Jx JO@∞Ok. JO`«=~°ˆH J_»QÆ_»O D ~ÀAÅÖ’ `«Å∞¡Å‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk `«Ñ¨Ê, ÉÏ|∂
^˘_À¡H˜ "≥àϧ"å, hà◊√§ „`åQÍ"å Jx J_çˆQ ™êO„Ѩ^•Ü«∞O <åQÆiHõ`« ¿Ñ~°∞`À Hõ_çy"Õ™ê~°∞.JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ Jhfl J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. ZO`«¿ãѨÓ
uO\Ï"å, uO\Ï"å, WOHÍ ÃÑ@ì<å, =_ç¤OK«<å Jx J_çˆQ `«Å∞¡Å∞, ÉèÏ~°ºÅ∞ D Ö’HõOÖ’ L<åfl~°∞ QÍh „`åQÍ"å, "≥àϧ"å, WOHÍ „`åQÆ∞ J<Õ
~ÀAÅ∞ áÈÜ«∂~Ú. =∞#O HÀÖ’Ê~Ú# P~ÀQͺxfl uiy á⁄O^•ÅO>Ë „Ѩu WO\’¡ L^ŒÜ«∞O D =∂@ÖË q#|_®Å<Õk _®II =∞O`≥# "åi
„áê~°÷#. x„^Œ ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ á⁄~Úº =Ú\˜ìOK«_»O, HÍѶ‘Ü≥∂, \©<À ÃÑ@ì_»O, =∞OK«O g∞^Œ∞#fl PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ɡ_£ HÍѶ‘ WzÛ, Dq_»‰õÄ_® „`åQÆ_»O!
W^Õ D<å\˜ =~°∞ã¨. WOHÍ ZO`« HÍÅO WÖÏO\˜ K≥_»¤ JÅ"å@¡#∞, =ºã¨<åÅ#∞ ™êQÆx™êÎ~°∞. WHõ KåÅ∞. WѨÊ\˜ˆH KåÖÏHÍÅO Jxfl ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ
JxflO\˜x J#∞Éèqí OK«_O» J~ÚºOk. HÀ֒ʉõÄ_»#O`« P~ÀQͺxfl, PKå~åÅ#∞ HÀÖ’ÊÜ«∂=Ú. ÉèÏ~°fÜ«∞ ™êO„Ѩ^•Ü«∞"Õ∞q∞\’, P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞q∞\’,
P#O^ŒO Uq∞\’, rq`«O Uq∞\’, =∂#= [#‡ ™ê~°H÷ ` õ « Uq∞\’ WHõ<<·≥ å `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ „ѨÜ∞« `«flO KÕ^•ÌO ÖˇO_ç, "Õ∞Ö’¯O_ç.
"Õ∞ÖÁ¯x L^ŒÜ«∞O HÍѶ‘ HõѨCÅ∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl KÕ`«∞Å`À ~åy K≥O|∞Ö’, hà◊§ ã‘™êÖ’ Ѩ@∞ìHÀO_ç. Éèí~°Î‰õΩ W"åfieûOk ɡ_£ HÍѶ‘ HÍ^Œ∞, ɡ_£
áêh Jx =∞~°∞=HõO_ç. áêÅ∞ „`åQÆ∞`å"å ÉÏ|∂ Jx HÍ^Œ∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞ ÉÏ|∂ Jx J#O_ç. h\˜Ö’ x*ÏÅ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀO_ç. „|`«∞‰õΩ ÉÏ@#∞
=∂~°∞ÛHÀO_ç. HÍã¨Î W|ƒOk L<åfl F~°∞ÛHÀO_ç. h\˜`À P~ÀQƺ ^•Ç¨xfl f~°∞ÛHÀO_ç. g∞‰õΩ <å #=∞™ê¯~°=∞O_ç.
 h~°∞ „`åˆQ@ѨC_»∞ =KÕÛ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞
U Ѩx H˘`«ÎQÍ „áê~°OaèOz<å „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ HÍã¨Î W|ƒO^Œ∞Å<Õq `«Ñ¨Ê=Ù. Jk =∞Oz Ѩ<≥·<å K≥_»¤Ñ¨<≥·<å â◊s~åxH˜ JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_»\ÏxH˜
H˘O`« >ˇ=ÿ Ú fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. „ѨH$õ u q~°∞^Œ=ú ∞~Ú# „ÉÏOnx "≥Ú^Œ\™˜ êiQÍ â◊s~åxH˜ JOkOz#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞# â◊s~°O Ö’x â◊H,Θ P q~°∞^Œ=ú ∞~Ú#
„ÉÏOnx `«#Ö’xH˜ W=Ú_»∞ÛHÀÖË^Œ∞. h=Ù <åÖ’H˜ ZO^Œ∞ H˘KåÛ=Ù Jx "≥O@<Õ "åOu~°∂ѨOÖ’ `À¿ãã¨∞ÎOk. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ „`åˆQ@ѨC_Õ <À~°∞
P Ѩx KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ ã≤^ŒúѨ_»∞`«∞Ok. H˘`«ÎQÍ <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ ZÖÏQÀ |Å=O`«OQÍ q∞OQÆ∞`å=Ú. â◊s~°O =^Œ∞Ì JO@∞<åfl =∞m§ WOH˘Hõ ™êi
„Ѩܫ∞uflOz |Å=O`«OQÍ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. =∞m§ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ™êiÖÏQÍ qHÍ~åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞ `«Ñ¨Ê=Ù. <å â◊s~åxH˜ „ÉÏOn Ѩ_»^Œx JHõ¯_ç`À P
JÅ"å@∞#∞ q~°q∞OK«∞HÀ_»∞. ZO^Œ∞KÕ`«#O>Ë Jk K≥_»¤ JÅ"å@∞ HÍ|\˜ì. Zxfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =zÛ<å Ѩ@∞ì=^ŒÅx q„Hõ=∂~°∞¯xÖÏ ^•xfl
JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞ufl™êÎ_»∞. J^Õ =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞ J~Ú`Õ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ W|ƒOk =¿ãÎ =¸_»=™êi Jk <å‰õΩ Ѩ_»@O ÖË^Œx ^•x
*’eH˜ áÈ_»∞. Jk „ÉÏOn HÍ|\˜ì =∞m§ =¸_»= „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕ™êÎ_»∞. D™êi "≥Ú^Œ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ ÖÏQÍ =zÛ#O`« W|ƒOk ~å^Œ∞.
Ѷ¨~°"åÖË^Œ#∞H˘x `«$Ñ≤ΠѨ_»`å_»∞. <åÅæ= ™êiH˜ J^Õ Hõ=∞‡QÍ LO@∞Ok. JÅ"å@~Ú`Õ Jk ÖËx^Õ LO_»ÖË#@∞¡ LO@∞Ok. WÖψQ q∞QÆ`å
JÅ"å@∞¡ J~Ú# HÍѶ,‘ \©Å∞, ã≤Q~ÔÆ @∞¡, [~åÌ H˜m§Å∞, QÆ∞\ϯÅ∞, QÆO*Ï~Ú, ™ê~å~Ú, ѨÖÏ=ÙÅ∞, ѨKÛ« à◊√§, ÉËHsõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, #∂<≥Ö’ ^Õq#
Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ =∂O™êǨ~åÅ∞ "≥ÚIIq u#QÍ u#QÍ Jq‰õÄ_» JÅ"å@∞ J~Ú Hõ=∞‡QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. JO^ŒiH© Jxfl JÅ"å@∞¡ ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å, H˘xfl
J~Ú<å `«Ñ¨Êxã¨iQÍ LO\Ï~Ú. Wq Jhfl „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ#q. D q~°∞^Œú=∞~Ú# JÅ"å@¡`À, ZO`À HÍÅO #∞O_ç ÃÑOz áÈ+≤Oz#
„ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# â◊s~°O HÍ™êÎ „ѨHõ$u QÆ∞}ÏÅ#∞, ã¨fiÉèÏ"åÅ#∞ HÀÖ’Ê`«∞Ok. WÖÏO\˜ ã≤÷uÖ’ =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# JÅ"å@∞¡
KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°Oaè¿ãÎ „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ JÅ"å@∞ ÖËHõ, ѨÓ~°fiO „ÉÏOnx x~ÀkèOz#@∞¡, WѨÙ_»∞ D =∞Ozx x~Àkèã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞# â◊s~°OÖ’ =¸_»∞ =O`«∞Å „^Œ=Ѩ^•~°÷=∞O`å =∞Ozh~°∞. =∞Ozh~°∞ |^Œ∞Å∞ HÍѶ‘, \©Å∞, ‰õÄÖò„_çOH±Å∂, c~°∞Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
„`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl=Ú. W=hfl JÅ"å@~Ú# â◊s~°OÖ’xH˜ XHõ b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÍ=∞#∞HÀO_ç, `Õ_®Å∞ =™êÎ~Ú. h~°∞ „ѨHõ$u ã≤^ŒúOQÍ L#flk.
^•xx q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ `«Ü«∂~°∞KÕã¨∞H˘x „`åy`Õ ~åxKÕÛk HÍx =∞#O WѨÙ_»∞ Ü«∞^ä•qkèQÍ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOKå=Ú. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« D „ѨHõ$uH˜,
֒ѨŠL#fl qHõ$uH˜ =∞^茺 Ѷ¨∞~°¬} "≥Ú^ŒÖ∫`«∞Ok. qHõ$u |ÅO Z‰õΩ¯= LO>Ë „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# h~°∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ <≥@ì|_»∞`«∞Ok. qHõ$uH˜
H˘kÌQÍ |ÅO `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ ֒ѨŠz#fl z#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å`À „ѨHõ$ux ~åxã¨∞ÎOk. WOHÍ <åÅ∞ÔQ·^Œ∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ JÖψQ „ѨHõ$ux
JÅ"å@∞ KÕ¿ãÎ D qHõ$ux =∂iÛ"Õã¨∂Î „ѨHõ$u "ÕѨ٠uѨC`«∞Ok. =∞Oz"å_»∞ ZѨÙ_»∂ ZO`«=∞Ok K≥_»¤"åà◊§Ö’ L<åfl, "åà◊§ K≥_»¤#∞ `«#∞
<Õ~∞° ÛHÀ‰õΩO_®, "åà◊§ K≥_∞» #∞ áÈQ˘\ì̃ `«# =∞Ozx "åà◊§‰õΩ ѨOK«∞`å_»∞. WHõ¯_» =∞#Ö’ ‰õÄ_® =∞Ozh~°∞ H˘`«ÖÎ ’ „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞, =∞#Ö’ L#fl
K≥_»∞ Ph\˜x x~Àkèã¨∞ÎOk. h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ Z=iHõ<åfl Z‰õΩ¯= W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =ã¨∞Î<åflÜ«∞O>Ë, "åi â◊s~°OÖ’ qHõ$u áêà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl@∞¡.
J~Ú<å ã¨~ˆ Ѩ@∞ì=^ŒÅx q„Hõ=∂~°∞¯_çÖÏQÍ D „ѨH$õ u`À =∞#Ö’ L#fl qHõ$`«∞Å#∞ Hõ_yç "Õã∞¨ HÀ"åe `«Ñʨ , =KÕÛ z#fl z#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞
K«∂ã≤ áêiáÈ=^Œ∞.Ì K≥_¤» JÅ"å@¡#∞, K≥_¤» ™êOQÆ`åºxfl <Õ~∞° ÛH˘<Õ@ѨC_»∞ L#fl Ѩ@∞ì^ÅŒ Ö’ ã¨QOÆ Ñ¨@∞ì^ÅŒ `À =∞Oz JÅ"å@¡#∞ <Õ~∞° ÛH˘O>Ë
rq`«OÖ’ ã¨∞YѨ_»@O, P#O^•xfl á⁄O^Œ_»O KåÖÏ `ÕeHõ. W<åflà◊§‰õΩ „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# h\˜x =∞OzQÍ „`åˆQ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO „áê~°OaèOKåO. D
=∞Oz Ѩx „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ =KÕÛq Ug∞ ‰õÄ_® J_»¤O‰õΩÅ∞ HÍ=x, =∞#Ö’x K≥_»∞ D ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∞#fl^Œ<À ÖË^• =∞#Ö’x K≥_»∞
â◊√kú J=Ù`«∞#fl^Œ<À ÉèÏqOz =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥à◊√`«∂ P~ÀQƺO J<Õ ÉèÏQͺxfl á⁄O^Œ∞^•=Ú.
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOz# H˘`«ÎÖ’ ZÖÏO\˜ z#fl z#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =ã¨∂Î LO\ÏÜ≥∂, Jq =¿ãÎ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =zÛ<åÜ≥∂,
"å\˜ #∞O_ç =∞#O ZÖÏ |Ü«∞@ Ѩ_®Ö’ J<Õ q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ „ѨÜ∞« `«flO KÕ^•Ì=Ú.
1) qHÍ~°O : JÅ"å@∞ ÖËx h\˜x XHõ¯™êˆ~ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ, |Å=O`«OQÍ „`åQÆ_»O KÕ™êÎ=Ú. |Å=O`«OQÍ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ h\˜=Å#
H˘`«ÎÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ qHÍ~åÅ∞ LO\Ï~Ú. J^Õ h\˜x W+¨ìOQÍ „`åy`Õ QÍh áÈ=Ù. =∂#ã≤HõOQÍ ã≤^ŒúѨ_ç, W+¨ìѨ_ç „`åy`Õ QÍx qHÍ~åÅ∞
`«QÆæ=Ù. 5, 6 ~ÀAÖ’¡ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞OkH˜ qHÍ~åÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`å~Ú.
ã¨ÅǨ :
1. b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ qHÍ~°OQÍ LO>Ë, Ô~O_»= ~ÀA #∞O_ç h\˜x `«yæOz ZO`« =~°‰õΩ qHÍ~°O ~å^À JO`«=~°ˆH „`åy PѨO_ç.
qHÍ~åÅ∞ `«yæ# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç h\˜H˘Å`«#∞ ÃÑOK«∞HÀO_ç.
2. XHõ™êi h~°∞ „`åQÍHõ qHÍ~°O =¿ãÎ, Ô~O_»=™êi „`åQÆ=Åã≤# h~°∞ J=ã¨~°=∞~Ú`Õ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O q~å=∞O WzÛ `«‰õΩ¯=
Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û.
3. „`åy# h\˜ =Å# qHÍ~°O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_ç, P h~°∞ „H˜O^ŒH© áÈHõ, ÃÑ·H© "åO`«∞Å ~°∂ѨOÖ’ ~åHõ W|ƒOk ÃÑ_»∞`«∂ LO>Ë,
 ~∂ÑOÖ Hke |Ü∞@‰Ω =™êÎ~Ú. P "åO`∞Å∞ ÑÙÅ¡QÍ, =∞O@QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. ~ AH XH™êi, ~O_∞™ê~∞¡ "åO`∞Å~Ú<å, WÖÏ
=~°∞ã¨<Õ "å~°O Ѩk~À[Å~Ú#ѨÊ\˜H© HõOQÍ~°∞ Ѩ_»#=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œ∞.
ã¨ÅǨ : 1. XHõ¯™êˆ~ b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åy#O^Œ∞=Å# á⁄@ìÖ’ |~°∞=ÙQÍ LO_ç „`ÕѨ٠=¿ãÎ ÉÏQÆ∞O_»∞ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ „`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ =¿ãÎ
"åOu ~å^Œ∞. JÖÏ „`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ ~åHõáÈ`Õ W|ƒOkQÍ LO@∞Ok. =∞s Z‰õΩ¯= W|ƒOk LO>Ë "Õà◊√§ <À\’¡ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x "åOu KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe.
WÖÏO\˜ W|ƒOk =¿ãÎ, `«~°∞"å`« ~ÀA #∞O_ç JÖÏO@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ J~°b@~°∞ „`åy 1, 2 xII Py =∞~°ÖÏ áê=Ù b@~°∞ „`åy, 1,2
„`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ =KåÛHõ q∞QÆ`å h\˜x „`åy`Õ "åO`«∞Å∞ ~å=Ù.
2. "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ™êi h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ "åOu J~Úº P „`åy# h~°O`å "åOuÖÏ áÈ`Õ, áê=ÙQÆO@ ÖË^• J~°QÆO@ Py XHõ J~°b@~°∞
„`åQÆO_ç. áê=ÙQÆO@ ÖË^• 20 xIIÅ `«~°∞"å`« =∞~°ÖÏ J~°b@~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û.
3. "≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi „`åy# h~°∞ "≥O@<Õ "åOu J~ÚáÈ`Õ, á⁄@ìÖ’ h\˜ =uÎ_ç KåÅHõ "≥∂+¨<£~å^Œ∞. "≥∂+¨<£ ~å=_»O H˘~°‰õΩ h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯=
„`åQÍe. "åOu ~å‰õÄ_»^∞Œ . "≥Ú^Œ\˜ áê~ÚO\òÖ’ K≥ÑÊ≤ #@∞¡ „`Õ#∞Ê =∞^躌 Ö’ =KÕÛ@@∞¡ KÕã≤ q∞QÆ`å h~°∞ „`åy PÖ’K«# ÃÑ_ç`Õ "≥O@<Õ
"≥∂+¨<£ =ã¨∞OÎ k.
4. "åO`«∞Å∞ J=fi_»O =Å# Q˘O`«∞<˘Ñ≤ÊQÍ LO>Ë QÀ~°∞"≥K«Û\˜ h~°∞ XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ JѨC_»Ñ¨Ù_»∂ „`åy`Õ <˘Ñ≤Ê ÖψQã¨∞ÎOk.
WOHÍ <˘Ñ≤Ê LO>Ë "≥∞_»‰Ωõ H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ „"åã≤, "Õ_hç \˜Ö’ =ÚOz# QÆ∞_»`¤ À HÍѨ_O» ÃÑ@∞ì‰Ωõ O>Ë `ÕeQÍæ LO@∞Ok. WÖÏ J=ã¨~=° ∞~Ú`Õ
~Ô O_»∞ ѨÓ@ÖÏ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û.
3) Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ =¸„`åxH˜ "≥à§◊ _»O : HÍãÎ̈ |~°∞=Ù Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl"å~°∞, H©à§◊ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ L#fl"å~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ =¸„`åxH˜ "≥o§
=zÛ#O^Œ∞‰õΩ h~°ã¨Ñ¨_»`å~°∞. h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOz# H˘`«ÎÖ’, L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ =∞s JãÎ̈=∂#∂ ^˘_À¡<Õ L#fl@∞¡, >ÿ̌=Ú JO`å
JHõ¯_Õ J~ÚáÈ~Ú#@∞¡ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ =∞#O „`åˆQ 21/2–3 b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2 b@~°¡ ÃÑ·<Õ =¸„`«OQÍ
`«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯=h~°∞ „`åˆQ JÅ"å@∞ ÖËx"åiH˜ =¸„`«O `«‰õΩ¯= `«Ü«∂Ô~·, `«‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«"Õ∞ ã¨OzÖ’ xÅ∞= LO_Õ
JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_ç LO@∞Ok. ~ÀE XHõ |~°∞=Ù‰õΩ JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_»¤ =¸„`«O ã¨Oz, XHõ¯™êˆ~ Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`åÎxfl =¸„`« ã¨OzÖ’ xÅ∞=
LOKÕ â◊H˜Î ÖËHõ, JÅ"å@∞ ÖËHõ, Ѩ_»¤ H˘kÌ =¸„`å<Õfl =ke "ÕÜ«∞=∞x "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ P[˝Å#∞ ѨOѨÙ`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOz#
H˘`«ÖÎ ’ L^ŒÜ∞« O ѨÓ@ „Ѩu J~°QOÆ @‰õÄ XHõ™êi =ã¨∞OÎ @∞Ok. =∞iH˘O`«=∞OkH˜ 15, 20 xII‰õΩ XHõ™êi =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. Ѩ~Q° _Æ ∞» ѨÙ#
„`åy# h\˜H˜ PǨ~°O`À ã¨O|O^èŒO ÖË#O^Œ∞=Å¡ Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡QÍ `«‰õΩ¯= =¸„`åxfl H˘`«ÎÖ’
áÈã¨∂Î LO\Ï=Ú. "å~°O, Ѩk ~ÀAÅÖ’ H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ 10, 20 ~ÀAÅ∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ, H˘O`«=∞OkH˜
1, 2 <≥ÅÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_ç# 10, 15 ~ÀAÅ #∞O_ç 21/2–3 b@~°∞¡ h\˜H˜ 4, 5 ™ê~°∞¡ =¸„`«O `À<Õ
L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ Ѩx ѨÓiÎ J=Ù`«∞Ok. PǨ~°OÖ’ LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x# "åiH˜ 3, 4 ™ê~°∞¡ Ö’<Õ =¸„`«O MÏm J=Ù`«∞Ok.
ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ „`åˆQ h\˜H˜ =¸„`«O Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ ~å=_»O HÍh, W|ƒOk QÍh JO`«QÍ LO_»^Œ∞. ZO_», PǨ~°O Wq Ô~O_»∂
`«fi~°QÍ =¸„`åxfl `«Ü«∂~°∞ HÍx=fi=Ù. =∞~°ÖÏ ~å„u ѨÓ@ =¸„`«O Z‰õΩ¯= =zÛ#@∞¡ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. x„^Œ W|ƒOk ~å‰õÄ_»^ŒO>Ë,
Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ =¸„`«O =KÕÛ"å~°∞,™êÜ«∞O„`«O 5, 5.30 QÆO@Å HõÖÏ¡ h\˜x „`åy PÑ≤"Õ¿ãΠѨ_»∞‰õΩ<Õ֒Ѩ٠=¸„`«O Ѩx ѨÓiÎ J=Ù`«∞Ok.
x„^Œ‰õΩ ÉèíOQÆO ~å^Œ∞.
ã¨ÅǨ : W|ƒOk J#∞HÀ‰õΩO_® =¸„`åxfl áÈã¨∂Î LO_»O_ç. =¸„`«O ZO`«áÈ`Õ, =∞#Ö’ ^ÀëêÅ∞ =¸„`«OÖ’ Hõiy JO`« áÈ`å~Ú.
JO`å =∞# =∞OzˆH J#∞HÀO_ç. Ǩ~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok. H˘`«ÎÖ’ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOz#ѨÙ_»∞ WÖÏ Wxfl ™ê~°∞¡ "≥àϧÅO>Ë WÖÏ
h\˜x ZO`«HÍÅ=Ú „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú Jx JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. x~°∞`åûǨÏ=∞xÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. JÅ"å@∞ JÜ«∂ºHõ D =¸„`«O W|ƒOk Jã¨Å∞
LO_»^∞Œ .
4) „`åy# ^•xHõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O ~å=_»O : H˘O`«=∞OkÖ’ b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ b@~°∞ HõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O =ã¨∞ÎOk.
WÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ D h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# U H˜_ôflÖ’ Ѩx Z‰õΩ¯"≥· K≥_çáÈ~Ú WO`« =¸„`«O =ã¨∞Î#fl^Œx HõOQÍ~°∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∞O\Ï~°∞.
JÖÏO\˜ #+¨ì"Õ∞g∞ ֒ѨŠ[~°∞QÆÖË^Œ∞, [~°∞QÆ^Œ∞. H˘O`«=∞Ok â◊s~°OÖ’ LѨC ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ xÅ∞= LO@∞Ok. LѨC XHõ¯>Ë
XO@iQÍ xÅ∞= LO_»^Œ∞. ^•xH˜ [O@QÍ h\˜x ‰õÄ_® HõÅ∞ѨىõΩx xÅ∞= LOK«∞`«∞Ok. KÕ`«∞Å∞, HÍà◊√§, "≥ÚYO h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ì# "å~°∞,
â◊s~°O h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ì Laƒ# "å~°∞ D ~°HõOQÍ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åy`Õ "åiH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O =ã¨∞ÎOk. H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ â◊s~°O h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ì<å
ÃÑ·H˜ "åѨÙÅ∞O_»=Ù. "åiH˜ ‰õÄ_® WÖÏ<Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ „`åy# =∞Ozh~°∞ ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥o§ u~°∞QÆ∞ „Ѩܫ∂}OÖ’
֒ѨŠL#fl Z‰õΩ¯= LѨÙÊ#∞ Ѩ@∞ìH˘x |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk. LѨÙÊ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛ@ѨÙÊ_»∞, P LѨÙÊ [O@QÍ LOK«∞‰õΩ#fl h~°∞ ‰õÄ_®
HõÅã≤ =¸„`«OÖ’ =ã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O „`åy# h\˜`À `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º =¸„`«O =∞iÜ«Ú xÅ∞= L#fl LѨÙÊh~°∞ Hõeã≤ =™êÎ~Ú HÍ|\˜ì
 á Ü∞ ãiH h~ãO JxÑã∞ÎOk.
ã¨ÅǨ : h~°ã¨OQÍ L#flѨÙÊ_»∞ H˘kÌh~°∞ `«yæOz, P >ˇÿ=ÚÖ’ `Õ<≥ <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ã¨∂Ê#∞¡ u#=K«∞Û ÖË^• h\˜Ö’ HõeÑ≤ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. H˘|ƒi
ÉÁO_®O hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ "≥O@<Õ h~°ã¨O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. WOHÍ h~°ã¨OQÍ LO>Ë H˘xfl Y~°∂˚~°O ѨO_»∞¡ uO>Ë â◊H˜Î =ã¨∞ÎOk.
6) `«Å<˘Ñ¨ÙÊÅ∞ : JÅ"å@∞ ÖËx h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯= "≥Ú`«ÎOÖ’ XHõ¯™êˆ~ „`åˆQã¨iH˜ á⁄@ìÖ’ |~°∞=ÙH˜, L|ƒ~åxH˜, qHÍ~åxH˜, `«ÅÖ’
#~åÅ∞ XuÎ_çH˜ QÆ∞Ô~· `«Å<˘Ñ¨ÙÊÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. H˘O`«=∞Ok \©,HÍѶ‘Å∞ =∂x#O^Œ∞=Å¡ =ã¨∂ÎO\Ï~Ú. \©, HÍѶ‘ʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# <˘Ñ≤Ê
J~Ú`Õ 5,6 ~ÀAÅ =~°‰õÄ LO@∞Ok. "åO`«∞Å∞, qHÍ~åʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# <˘Ñ≤Ê J~Ú`Õ Jq áÈÜÕ∞ =~°‰õÄ JÖÏ JѨÙÊ_»Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∂
=ã¨∂Î<Õ LO@∞Ok.
ã¨ÅǨ : 1. HÍѶ‘, \©Å =Å¡ =zÛ# <˘Ñ≤Ê J~Ú`Õ ~À[O`å LO@∞Ok. =∞s `«@∞ìHÀÖËHõ áÈ`Õ \Ïɡ¡\ò "Õã¨∞HÀ=_»"Õ∞ =∂~°æO.
2. qHÍ~åÅ∞, á⁄@ìÖ’ QÍ|~å =Å¡ =zÛ# `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê J~Ú`Õ "åOu KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. ÖË^• QÍÉ~å `«yæ# "≥O@<Õ áÈ`«∞Ok.
L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ K«hflà◊§`À `«Å™êfl#O KÕ¿ãÎ `«Å Ǩ~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok.
7) hà◊§ hà◊§QÍ qˆ~K«#O : =∂=¸Å∞QÍ =∞#‰õΩ JÜÕ∞º hà◊§ qˆ~K«<åÅ∞ "Õ~°∞, D hà◊§ qˆ~K«#O "Õ~°∞. P qˆ~K«<åÅÖ’ =∞#
~°HõÎOÖ’ L#fl h~°∞ qˆ~K«#O`À HõÅã≤ |Ü«∞\˜H˜ áÈÜÕ∞ã¨iH˜ h~°ã¨O =ã¨∞ÎOk. WHõ¯_» =∂„`«O =∞#O „`åˆQ hˆ~ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ "≥o¡
=∞ÖÏxfl â◊√„ÉèOí QÍ Hõ_∞» ‰õΩ¯O@∂ hà◊§`À `˘eÑ≤#@∞¡ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∞OÎ k. WÖÏ qˆ~K«#O J~Ú`Õ Ç¨~ÚQÍ QÍeÖ’ `Õe#@∞¡ LO@∞Ok.
"≥Ú^Œ\˜™êi h~°∞ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞ ÉÏQÍ ™êѶ‘QÍ qˆ~K«#O J~Ú# "åà◊§Ö’ Ô~O_»= ™êi h~°∞ „`åy# `«~°∞"å`« JÜÕ∞º Ô~O_»= qˆ~K«#OÖ’
H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ WÖÏ Ñ¨ÅK«QÍ hà◊§ hà◊§QÍ =∞ÅO Hõeã≤ =ã¨∞ÎOk. W^Õg∞ [|∞ƒQÍ^Œ∞. =∞#O XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ „`åy# hˆ~
=∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ "≥o§ WÖÏ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú.
ã¨ÅǨ : WÖÏ qˆ~K«#O „Ѩu~ÀE Ô~O_»=™êi J~Ú`Õ „¿ÑQÆO`å MÏm J~Ú#@∞¡ Ǩ~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok. WÖÏ qˆ~K«#O J~Ú`Õ ÉÏQÍ
PHõeQÍ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. WÖÏ Z=iHõ<åfl qˆ~K«#O J=fi#ѨÙÊ_»∞ – <å‰õΩ WÖÏ J=_»O ÖË^Œx >ˇ#¬<£ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O QÍh, JÖÏ J~Ú`Õ<Õ
QÍx ѨÓiÎ H©¡<£ J~Ú#@∞¡ J#∞HÀ=_»O QÍh ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=^Œ∞Ì. g∞ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO g∞~°∞ KÕã¨∞ÎO>Ë Jhfl ™ê^èŒ#Ö’ ™ê^茺=∞=Ù`å~Ú.
8) =¸„`åxH˜ "≥o#¡ ѨÙ_»ÖÏ¡ =∞ÅO =zÛ#@∞¡ LO_»@O : D W|ƒOk ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ qˆ~K«#O J~Ú# "åiÖ’, JO^ŒiH©
HÍ^Œ∞ – |Ǩï `«‰õΩ¯= =∞OkH˜ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ qˆ~K«#O J=fi#ѨÙ_»∞ D W|ƒOk ~å^Œ∞. Ô~O_»=™êi qˆ~K«#O
ѨÅ∞K«QÍ, hà◊§QÍ "≥o§# `«~°∞"å`« =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x „`åˆQã¨iH˜, D =¸_»= ™êi h~°∞ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ "≥à◊`å~Ú. =∞ÅO
„¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ =∞ÅO MÏm J~Ú#O^Œ∞=Å¡ D h~°∞ JÖÏ<Õ Ñ¨Å∞K«QÍ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ J~°QÆO@#∞O_ç, QÆO@ =~°‰õÄ LO@∞Ok. D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
=∞#O =¸„`åxH˜ "≥o§#ѨÙ_À ÖË^• Qͺã¨∞ J#∞‰õΩx =ke#ѨÙ_À =∞Å ^•fi~°O ^ŒQÆæ~° L#fl h~°∞ Qͺã¨∞`À áê@∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
=zÛ#@¡xÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi |@ìÅÖ’<Õ H˘kÌQÍ K≥=∞‡ J=Ù`«∞Ok. WÖÏ J=_»O =Å¡ #+¨ìO ÖË^Œ∞QÍh z~å‰õΩQÍ LO@∞Ok.
ã¨ÅǨ : 1. =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’xH˜ h~°∞ KÕi JÖÏ L#flѨÙÊ_»∞ =∞#‰õΩ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ÎOk. JÖÏ L#flѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ô Qͺã¨∞ =kÖË@ѨÙÊ_»ÖÏ¡, =∞#ã¨∞ ÃÑ\ì̃,
=∞Å ^•fi~åxfl ֒ѨeH˜ ÖÏQÆ∞`«∂ <˘H˜¯ Qͺã¨∞#∞ =ke`Õ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’x h~°∞ ~å‰õΩO_® Py =\˜ì Qͺã¨∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ áÈ`«∞Ok.
2. D hà◊√§ J~°QÆO@ #∞O_ç QÆO@¿ãѨ٠„¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ LO\Ï~Ú. D QÆO@ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO>Ë D ֒Ѩ٠JHõ¯_»
#∞O_ç P h~°∞ ~°HõÎO ֒ѨeH˜ "≥o§áÈ`«∞Ok.
3. Jã¨Å∞ WÖÏO\˜ W|ƒOk ~å‰õÄ_»^ŒO>Ë Ô~O_»=™êi qˆ~K«#O hà◊§ hà◊§QÍ "≥o§# "å~°∞ =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x XHõ¯™êˆ~ b@~°∞
„`åQÆ~å^Œ∞. =¸_»= ^Œá¶ê h\˜x Ô~O_»∞ ÉèÏQÍÅ∞QÍ KÕã≤ 15,20 xIIÅ∞ q~å=∞O`À „`åy`Õ D W|ƒOk LO_»^Œ∞. ÖË^• =¸_»= ™êi
J~°b@~°∞ h\˜`À<Õ ã¨iÃÑ\Ïìe.
9) á⁄@ì ™êy#@∞¡ : h\˜x W+¨ìO ÖËHõ |Å=O`«OQÍ „`åˆQã¨iH˜ Jq Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O á⁄@ìÖ’<À, „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’<À L#fl@∞¡ LO@∞Ok.
L^ŒÜ«∞O ѨÓ@ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2,3 QÆO@Å∞ h\˜x xO_»∞QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡ á⁄@ì =zÛ#@∞¡, H˘kÌQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êy#@∞¡ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
^•x`À h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O =Å# á⁄@ì =zÛO^ŒO\Ï~°∞. =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜, h\˜ q^è•#O =Å# ÉÏQÍ PHõe ÃÑiy ѨÓ~°fiO HõO>Ë ™êѶ‘QÍ
qˆ~K«# =∞ÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ u#_»OÖ’ HÍã¨Î Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ u#QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`å~°∞. J~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® =∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞ÎOk. nx`À u#flk =O@|\˜ì,
"åºÜ«∂=∞O ‰õÄ_® KÕÜ«∞HõáÈ=_»O =Å# á⁄@ì =¿ãÎ h\˜ =Å¡ =zÛO^Œ<Õ "å~°∂ L<åfl~°∞. h\˜H˜, L#fl á⁄@ì `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. hà◊√§ XHõ¯™êˆ~
Zxfl „`åy<å 15,20 xIIÅ q∞Oz á⁄@ìÖ’ xÅ∞= =ÙO_»=Ù. 15,20 x=Ú+¨=ÚÅÖ’ á⁄@ìÖ’ LO_Õ h\˜ˆH á⁄@ì ™êyáÈ`Õ 3,4 QÆO@Å∞
LO_Õ PǨ~åxH˜ á⁄@ì WOÔHO`« ™êyáÈ"åÖ’ PÖ’zOK«O_ç.
ã¨ÅǨ : „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ g∞ á⁄@ì `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok, J#∞=∂xOK«‰õΩO_® h\˜x „`åQÆO_ç.
h ˜ ’ ’ ˜
2. âs~åxH h~∞ Ñ\ì =∞s |~∞=ÙQÍ LO@∞O>, LÑÙÊ =∂< Ö ÑÙ 5,6 b@~¡ h\H |^∞Å∞ 4, 4.5 b@~¡ h\x „`åy<å ÉÏQ∞O@∞Ok.
11) ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ@_ì O» : h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. h~°∞ ~˘OѨÅ#∞ `«yæOKÕ Q˘Ñ¨Ê =∞O^Œ∞ Jx
J#=K«∞Û. h~°∞ „áê~°OaèOK«Hõ ѨÓ~°fiO =∞# =ÚY=Ú, =Ú‰õΩ¯ ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#fl ~˘OѨ, lQÆ∞~°∞, „H˜=ÚÅ∞ (Ãã·#ãπ ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’,
"≥ÚYO Z=ÚHõÅ ã¨O^Œ∞ÅÖ’) xÅ∞= LO@∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Jq P ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ ÉÏQÍ xO_ç# `«~°∞"å`« ~˘OѨ Ѩ\˜ì |Ü«∞@‰õΩ pq∞_ç
~°∂ѨOÖ’ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. =∞#O hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOz# `«~°∞"å`« H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ WO`« HÍÅO #∞O_ç xÅ∞= =Ù#fl áê`«
~˘OѨÅ∞ Jhfl Hõke, P ÉèÏQÍÅ #∞O_ç â◊√„ÉèíO J=fi_®xH˜ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~˘OѨ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ =KÕÛ™êÎ~Ú. =∞#Ö’ Ç≤Ïã¨ìq∞<£û Z‰õΩ¯= J~Ú`Õ
~˘OѨÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. h~°∞ J<Õk Ü«∂O\© Ç≤Ïã¨ìq∞<£ JO>Ë ^•xH˜ q~°∞QÆ∞_»∞ Jx J~°÷O. =∞#Ö’ L#fl K≥_»∞ â◊√„ÉèíO J=Ù`«∂
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∂ LO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ Jk J~°÷O QÍHõ h~°∞ „`åQ͈H =∞#‰õΩ ÖËx ~˘OѨ Ѩ\˜ìOk, <å‰õΩ D h\˜ q^è•#O ã¨iѨ_»ÖË^Œ∞
J#∞‰õΩO>Ë á⁄~°ÉÏ>Ë. h~°∞ `åy#ѨÙ_»∞ U K≥_»∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =zÛ<å ~åx=fiO_ç =∞Oz^Õ WOHÍ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ ~˘OѨ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ
áÈ`«∞Ok.
ã¨ÅǨ : 1. ~˘OѨ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ `«QÍæÅO>Ë h\˜x QÀ~°∞ "≥K«ÛQÍ "Õ_çKÕã≤, P h\˜x 5,6 b@~°∞¡ „`åy`Õ ~˘OѨÅ∞ `«fi~°QÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. D ֒ѨÙ
LѨâ=◊ ∞#O Åaèã∞¨ OÎ k. 2. =ÚMÏxH˜ "Õ_ç h\˜ Pqi ‰õΩki#ѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ_` ç Õ =∞Ozk. ~˘OѨ‰Ωõ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_»=^Œ∞.Ì JÖÏ P K≥_∞» #∞
HÍiáÈx=fiO_ç.
12) [fi~åÅ∞ : h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl „áê~°OaèOz# H˘`«ÎÖ’ XHõi^ŒÌ~°‰õΩ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. Jq =∂=¸Å∞QÍ ~å=Åã≤ =zÛ#"À ÖË^• h\˜H˜ =∞#Ö’
L#fl K≥_»∞ Hõke [fi~°O =zÛO^À `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. Uk U"≥∞ÿ#ѨÊ\˜H© [fi~°O ~å=_»O J<Õk ZѨÙ_≥·<å =∞#Ö’x K≥_»∞x Hõ_»QÆ\ÏxˆH Jx
QÆ∞~°∞ÎOK«∞HÀ"åe.
ã¨ÅǨ : [fi~°O =zÛ#ѨÊ\˜H© h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»OÖ’ =∂~°∞ÊÖËg∞ KÕÜ«∞=^Œ∞Ì. [fi~°O =zÛ#ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ =∞#Ö’ [fi~åxH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿ#
K≥_»∞ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ Hõke |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∞Ok. JÖÏ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ 1,2 ~ÀAÅ∞ LѨ"åã¨O KÕ¿ãÎ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. WOHÍ
`«QÆæHõ W|ƒOk LO>Ë ã¨ÅǨ „ѨHÍ~°O `«yæOK«∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk.
13) PHõe `«yæ#@∞¡QÍ : Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQ h\˜ =Å# L^ŒÜ«∞O á⁄@ì xO_»∞QÍ JxÑ≤Oz \˜Ñ¶≤<£ ã¨iQÍ u#ÖË~°∞. Éè’[#O =ÚO^Œ∞
„`åy# h\˜ =Å# Éè’[#O ã¨iQÍ u#ÖËHõ JÖψQ ~å„u Éè’[#O =ÚO^Œ∞ „`åˆQ h\˜ =Å# ‰õÄ_® ~å„uH˜ H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ PHõe
JxÑ≤OK«^∞Œ . WÖÏ =¸_»∞ѨÓ@ÖÏ P~°∞ ^Œáê¶ Å∞QÍ „`åˆQh\˜ =Å# H˘O`« =∞OkÖ’ h~°∞ JÅ"å@∞QÍ#O^Œ∞=Å¡ PHõe =∞O^ŒyOz#@∞¡
LO_ç ã¨iQÍ u#ÖË~°∞.
ã¨ÅǨ : 1) h\˜x „`åQÆ@O =Å# PHõe `«yæ#@∞ìQÍ, Jã¨Å∞ ÖË#@∞¡QÍ LO>Ë h\˜x 3.5–4 b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ „`åy ã¨iÃÑ_ç`Õ =∞Ozk. 3,4
~ÀAÅÖ’ W|ƒOk `«QÍæHõ =∞~°ÖÏ =∂=¸ÖË.
2) PHõe =∞O^ŒOQÍ L#flѨÙÊ_»∞ \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#_»O =∂x, 1,2 ™ê~°∞¡ `Õ<≥ hà◊√§ QÍh, Ѩà◊§~°ã¨O QÍh „`åy á⁄@ì‰õΩ q„âßOu W¿ãÎ
=∞Ozk.
3) =∞Å |^ŒúHõO L#fl "åiÖ’ D W|ƒOk Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. WÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ P =∞Å^À+¨O áÈ=_®xH˜, qˆ~K«#O
™êѶ‘QÍ J=fi_®xH˜ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h\˜ Zx=∂ H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ∞ ~ÀE KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë P =∞Å^À+¨O áÈ~Ú PHõe ѨÙ_»∞`«∞Ok.
WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#O ÃÑ·# K≥ѨÙʉõΩ#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞ÅxflO\˜h `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åflHõ, hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ Wxfl ~°HÍÅ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞O\ÏÜ«∂ Jx =ÚO^Õ
ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_ç áÈHõO_ç. ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ Jã¨Å∞ Ug∞ ~å‰õΩO_® h~°∞ `ÕeQÍæ JÅ"å@∞ JÜÕ∞º"å~°∞, #∂\˜H˜ 50 =∞Ok LO\Ï~°∞. XHõ¯iˆH
ÃÑ·# K≥ÑÊ≤ # =hfl =™êÎÜ∞« #∞HÀ=^Œ∞.Ì „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO>Ë JÅ"å@∞ Ѩ_Õ =~°‰Äõ U^ÀHõ\˜ =zÛ =∞~°ÖÏ "å\˜ ^À=# J"Õ áÈ`«∞O\Ï~Ú. "å\˜x
K«∂ã¨∂Î =∞#O „`åˆQ h\˜x =∞#O „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞. WѨÙ_»∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# ã¨ÅǨ „ѨHÍ~°O U"≥∞ÿ<å ã¨O^ÕǨÖÁ¿ãÎ f~°∞Û‰õΩO@∂ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl =^ŒÅ‰õΩO_®
rqOK«O_ç. 10,15 ~ÀAÅÖ’ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ÉÏQÍ JÅ"å@∞ JÜ«∂ºHõ g∞~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_® LO_®ÅO>Ë g∞ =Å¡ HÍ^Œ∞. U ~À[<åfl 5,6 b@~°∞¡
„`åQÆ_»O ‰õΩ^Œ~°HõáÈ`Õ, P ~ÀA U^À HÀÖ’Ê~Ú#O`« W|ƒOkQÍ LO@∞Ok. JO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê ÖÏÉèÏxfl JO^Œ∞HÀÉ’ÜÕ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ =KÕÛ z#fl z#fl
X_ç^Œ∞_»∞‰õΩÅ∞, P ! Uq∞ KÕ™êÎ~Ú ÖˇO_ç =k֡ܫ∞ºO_ç.
 hà◊¡ |^Œ∞Å∞ ~°™êÅÖ’ L#fl h~°∞ LѨÜ≥∂yã¨∞ÎO^•
=∞#O ~ÀA‰õΩ 5 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åQÍÅ#∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=Ú. L^ŒÜ«∞O #∞O_ç ™êÜ«∞O„`«O ֒Ѩ٠=∞#O U^À XHõ „^Œ"åǨ~åxfl „`åQÆ∞`«∂
LO\Ï=Ú. „Ѩu~ÀA XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å =∞l˚QÆ, H˘|ƒi ÉÁO_®O hà◊√§, ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO K≥é‰õΩ ~°ã¨"≥∂ ÖË^• ‰õÄÖò „_çOHÀ ÖË^• Ѩà◊¡ ~°ã¨"≥∂
„`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï=Ú. D „^Œ"åǨ~°OÖ’ L#fl h\˜ âß`åxfl ‰õÄ_ç`Õ (HõeÑ≤`Õ) ã¨∞=∂~°∞ b@~°∞#fl~° =zÛO^Œ#∞HÀO_ç. =∞#O „`åQÆ=Åã≤# 5
b@~°¡ h\˜Ö’ D b@~°∞#fl~° h\˜x `«yæOz „`åy`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok QÆ^• Jx ã¨O^ÕǨÏO H˘O`«=∞OkÖ’ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. "å\˜Ö’ L#flk ‰õÄ_»
D hˆ~ Hõ^• Jx =∞#‰õΩ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. J"≥∞iHÍ "åà◊√¡ c~°∞Ö’ L#flk ‰õÄ_» hˆ~ Hõ^• J#∞‰õΩO@∂ =∞x+≤ „Ѩ`ÕºHõOQÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# Ѩx
ÖË^Œ∞, U^˘Hõ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ ֒ѨʼnõΩ h~°∞ "≥o§`Õ ã¨iáÈ`«∞O^Œ#∞H˘x JÖÏ<Õ „`åˆQ "å~°∞. 5, 6 ã¨OIIÅ „H˜`«O =~°‰õΩ "å~°∞ Jã¨Å∞ =∞Oz h~°∞
ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O QÍh, „Ѩ`ÕºH˜Oz „`åQÆ_»OQÍh, ‰õÄ_® Ѩ@∞ìH˘x "≥à◊§_»O QÍh KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. "åà◊§#∞ K«∂ã≤ <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩ<Õ =∞#"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® H˘O`«
=∞Ok WÖÏ<Õ "åkOz, JÖÏ<Õ h\˜ ÖˇHõ¯Å∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "å~°∞.
=∞#O „`åˆQ h~°∞ Ô~O_»∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕÜ«∂Å#∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. "≥Ú^Œ\˜k H©¡xOQ∑, Ô~O_»=k PǨ~° J=ã¨~åÅ∞, ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú â◊s~åxfl
"Õ_ç#∞O_ç ~°H˜∆OK«_»O. D Ô~O_»∞ Ѩ#∞Å∞ =∂=¸Å∞ =∞Oz h~°∞ =∞#O J#∞‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ „`åy`Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`åÜ«∞x `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. =∞Ozh~°∞
KÕ¿ã Ѩx Ѩà◊§ ~°ã¨OÖ’x h~°∞, c~°∞Ö’x h~°∞, H˘|ƒi hà◊§Ö’x h~°∞ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# Ô~O_»∞ Ѩ#∞Å#∞ KÕã¨∞ÎO^Õ"≥∂ PÖ’z^•Ì=Ú.
H©¡xOQ∑ : H˘|ƒi hà◊§Ö’x hà◊√§, Ѩà◊§ ~°™êÅÖ’x hà◊√§ ~°Hõ ~°HÍÅ PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, q@q∞<£û, q∞#~°Öò ™êÖòìû "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ "å\˜`À Hõeã≤
áÈ~Ú LO\Ï~Ú. D ~°™êÅÖ’ hà◊√§ á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ #∞O_ç ~°HõÎO ^•fi~å Hõ}ÏÅÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊`å~Ú. D h~°∞ u~°∞QÆ∞ „Ѩܫ∂}=ÚÖ’
Hõ}ÏÅÖ’x =∂e<åºÅ#∞, LѨC, =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰Ωõ x |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å"åe. =∞#O „`åy# ~°™êÅÖ’ L#fl LѨC#∞, ѨxH˜ ~åx =º~°÷
Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx ~å=_®xˆH JO^Œ∞Ö’ L#fl h~°∞ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok QÍh, =∞#Ö’ xÅfi L#fl ^ÀëêÅ#∞, LѨC#∞, =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx
=KÕÛ â◊H˜Î ~°™êÅÖ’x h\˜H˜ KåÅ^Œ∞. g∞~°∞ =ÚiH˜QÍ #∞#fl KÕ`«∞Å#∞ =ÚiH˜ h\˜`À Hõ_çy`Õ ÖÏÉèíO U=ÚO@∞Ok. J^Õ =∞Oz h\˜`À Hõ_çy`Õ
P =∞Oz h~°∞ KÕ`«∞ʼnõΩ L#fl =ÚiH˜x PHõi¬OK«∞‰õΩx KÕ`«∞Å#∞ â◊√„ÉèíOQÍ LOK«∞`«∞Ok.
H˘|ƒi hà◊§Ö’ 98% h~°∞ LO@∞Ok. ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ H˘|ƒi hà◊√§ Jx JO@∞<åfl=Ú. P h\˜x „`åQÆ_®xH˜ QÍ¡ã¨∞Ö’ áÈã¨∞‰õΩx „`åy#
`«~°∞"å`« P QÍ¡ã¨∞#∞ JÖψQ WO\’¡ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩO@∞<åfl=∂? Hõ_»∞QÆ∞ `«∞<åfl=∂? Z=fi~°∂ WO\’¡ P QÍ¡ã¨∞#∞ JÖÏ LOK«~°∞. Hõ_»∞QÆ∞`å~°∞.
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Hõ_»∞QÆ∞`å~°∞? JO^Œ∞Ö’ L#flk hˆ~ Hõ^•? ÃÑ·QÍ 98âß`«=Ú. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë JO^Œ∞Ö’ L#fl PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, LѨC, q∞QÆ`å Å=}ÏÅ∞
HÍ~°}OQÍ P h~°∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞‰õΩ JO@∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. ^•xfl â◊√kú KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë H˘|ƒi hà◊√§ KÕÜ«∞ÖË=Ù. XHõ¯ =∞Ozhˆ~ P Ѩx KÕ¿ãk. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ
z=~°‰õΩ =∞Oz hà◊§`À Hõ_çy`Õ QÍh â◊√„ÉèíO HÍ^Œ∞. JHõ¯_»^•HÍ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ? H˘|ƒi hà◊√§ „`åˆQ@ѨC_»∞ KÕuH˜ J~Ú`Õ g∞~°∞ hˆ~ HÍ^•
J~ÚºOk Jx JÖÏ KÕ`«∞efl Hõ_»∞QƉõΩO_® LO\Ï~å? Hõ_»QÆHõ áÈ`Õ KÕ`«∞Å∞ l_»∞¤. z=~°‰õΩ =∞#‰õΩ â◊√„ÉèÏxflKÕÛk =∞Ozhˆ~ QÆ^•! ^Õxx H©¡<£
KÕÜ«∂Å<åfl â◊s~åxH˜ =∞Oz hˆ~ HÍ"åe `«Ñ¨Ê =∞~À ~°∂ѨOÖ’ L#fl h~°∞ ™ê\˜ ~å^Œ∞.
^•Ç¨xfl, â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~åÛe : "Õã¨q HÍÅ=ÚÖ’ QÍh, ÉÏQÍ K≥=∞@Å∞ Ѩ>Ëì ѨxKÕã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ QÍh =∞#‰õΩ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú "Õã¨∞ÎOk. <À~°∞
h~°∞ HÍ"åe HÍ"åe JO@∞Ok. P ã¨=∞Ü«∂xH˜ h~°∞ JO^Œ_»=Ú PÅ㨺"≥∞ÿ<å, ÖË^• h~°∞ÖËHõ H˘|ƒi hà’§, =∞l˚QÀ ÖË^• ѨO_»¡ ~°ã¨"≥∂
„`åQÍ~°#∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. P =¸_çO\˜Ö’ 95âß`«=Ú HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= hˆ~ LO@∞Ok. g∞ â◊s~°=Ú J_çyOk h~°∞. g∞~°∞ „`åyOk ~°™êÅ∞. â◊s~°O
"å\˜Ö’ h\˜x „QÆÇ≤ÏOz ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°∞Û‰õΩO@∞O^•? g∞‰õΩ P ~°™êÅ#∞ „`åy#ѨC_»∞ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú "åã¨Î"åxH˜ f~°∞`«∞O^•? ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^•?
^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°^Œ∞, WOHÍ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#@∞¡ LO@∞Ok. z=~°‰õΩ g∞~°∞ =∞Oz h~°∞ „`åy`ÕQÍh ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°^Œ∞. W^ŒO`å =∞#O^Œ~°=Ú
JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∞ J#∞Éèíqã¨∂Î LO\Ï=Ú. â◊s~°=Ú `«#‰õΩ HÍ=eã≤# h~°∞#∞ JOkOKÕ =~°‰õÄ `«$Ñ≤ΠѨ_»@O ÖË^ŒO>Ë ~°™êÅÖ’ L#fl h\˜`À
^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°_»=Ú ÖË^Œx "≥O@<Õ J~°÷=∞=Ù`«∞#flkQÆ^•. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« â◊s~åxH˜ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú J~Ú#ѨC_»∞ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°Û_®xH˜ h~°∞ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ
JOk`ÕQÍh ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°^Œ∞. =∞#=Ú „`åy# ~°™êÅ∞ "≥∞Å¡QÍ á⁄@ìÖ’, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’¡ Jiy, JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç ~°HõÎ=Ú Ö’xH˜, JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç
Hõ}ÏÅÖ’xH˜ "≥àı§ã¨iH˜ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ QÆO@ #∞O_ç QÆO@#fl~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. ~°™êÅÖ’ L#fl h~°∞ ^•Ç¨xH˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_®ÅO>Ë
JO`« ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°_»O ÖË^Œ∞. =∞#‰õΩ PHõe "Õ¿ã >ˇÿ=Ú‰õΩ PǨ~°O =O_»∞‰õΩx ã≤^Œú=ÚQÍ LOK«∞‰õΩO\Ï=Ú
QÍh, ÉÏQÍ PHõÅÜ«∂ºHõ JѨC_»∞ "≥∞Å¡QÍ aÜ«∞ºO U~°∞‰õΩx, Zã¨~°∞ "Õã≤, ‰õÄ~°Å∞ HÀã¨∞‰õΩx, =O@ KÕã¨∞‰õΩx u#fl@∞¡O@∞Ok D ~°™êÅÖ’
LO_Õ h~°∞ ^•Ç¨Ï=Ú f~°Û_»=∞<Õk.
 ѨQÆ\˜ ѨÓ@ =∞#=Ú U^À XHõ Ѩx KÕã¨∂ÎO\Ï=Ú. JÖψQ ZO_» `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. W@∞ ѨxÖ’ =KÕÛ "Õ_ç, J@∞ ZO_» "Õ_çx
`«@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ h~°∞ HÍ"åe. g∞~°∞ Ѩà◊¡ ~°™êÖ’, H˘|ƒi hà’§ D â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ „`åQÍ~°#∞HÀO_ç. á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»∞
~°™êÅ#∞ „`åy`Õ QÆO@, QÆO@#fl~° ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ ÃÑ· Ô~O_»∞ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ JO^Œ∞Ö’x h~°∞ "≥à◊√§`«∞Ok. Ѩà◊§ ~°™êÅ#∞, H˘|ƒi
hà◊§#∞ á⁄@ìÖ’ U^≥·<å L#flѨC_»∞ „`åy`Õ Jq D J=ã¨~åxfl f~°Û_®xH˜ "≥àı§ã¨iH˜ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å<åfl fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. D ֒Ѩ٠â◊s~°=Ú
"Õ_≥Hõ¯_»=Ú, ZO_»Ö’ W|ƒOk Ѩ_»@O JO`å J~ÚáÈ`«∞Ok.
H˘|ƒi hà◊√§, =∞l˚QÆ =∞^蕺ǨÏflO ѨÓ@ „`åQÍÅxÑ≤Oz h\˜x „`åQÆ_»=Ú W+¨ìO ÖË#ѨÙ_»∞ ZѨC_»<åfl XHõ\˜, Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ hà◊§ |^Œ∞Å∞QÍ
„`åQÆ_»=Ú "Õ~°∞. Jk ‰õÄ_» g∞~°∞ U Ѩx KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_» q„âßOuQÍ L#flѨC_»∞ J~Ú`Õ Ñ¨~°"åÖË^Œ∞. ~ÀE `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ â◊s~åxH˜ Ô~O_»∞
„ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅ#OkOKÕ =∞Ozh\˜x 5 b@~°∞¡ `åQÆ_»=Ú `«Ñ¨Êxã¨i. J"≥∞iHÍ "å~°∞ 5, 6 ã¨OIIÅ #∞O_ç "å~°∞ ѨÓ~°fi=Ú J#∞‰õΩ#fl ã≤^•úO`«=Ú
`«Ñ¨C Jx `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx WѨC_»∞ „Ѩu XHõ¯~°∞ '3— b@~°¡‰õΩ `«QÆæ‰õΩO_» „`åQÍÅx, WѨC_»∞ ‰õÄÖò „_çOH± ÉÏ\˜Öòû "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊§_»O |^Œ∞Å∞QÍ
hà◊§ ã‘™êÅ#∞ "≥∂ã¨∞H˘x „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°@. hà◊§ ã‘™êÅ#∞ WѨC_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ JxflKÀ@¡ J=Ú‡`«∞<åfl~°@. "å~°∞ =∞#ÖÏQÍ '5— b@~°¡ h\˜x
„`åQÆ_®xH˜ WOHÍ H˘xfl ã¨OIIÅ∞ Ѩ@ì=K«∞Û. h~°∞ =∞#‰õΩ KÕã≤# "Õ∞Å∞ =∞~˘Hõ\˜ KÕÜ«∞^Œ∞. ~°™êÅÖ’ L#fl h~°∞ =∞# â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ#∞, ^•Ç¨xfl,
H©¡xOQ∑#∞ =∞Oz h~°∞ KÕã≤#@∞¡QÍ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œx `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀO_ç.
 <Õ\˜ =∞# h\˜ JÅ"å@∞¡
<åQÆiHõ`« ÃÑiy# ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ç =∞x+≤H˜ „Ѩf ^•xÖ’ U^À XHõ ~°∞zx HõeÑ≤ u#_»O QÍx, „`åQÆ_»O QÍh JÅ"å@∞
J~ÚºOk. „ѨHõ$u JOkOz# ѨO_»∞¡ ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç, ‰õÄ~°Å∞, yO[Å∞, P‰õΩÅ∞, ^Œ∞OѨÅ`À ã¨Ç¨ =∞x+≤ `«# ǨϙêÎÅ`À P
J=∞$`åǨ~åxfl, P „Ѩ™ê^•xfl ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =∂iÛ, ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞ HõeÑ≤ u#_»"≥∂, „`åQÆ_»"≥∂ JÅ"å@∞ J~ÚºOk. Wxfl
~°HÍÅ∞QÍ „ѨH$õ u q~°∞^Œ"ú ∞≥ #ÿ ~°∞K«∞Å#∞ L^ŒÜ∞« O ÖËz# ^ŒQ~æÆ #° ∞O_ç ~å„u Ѩ_∞» HÀÉ’ÜÕ∞ =~°‰Äõ ~°∞z K«∂ã≤ ÉÏQÍ W+¨Ñì _¨ ∞» `«∂,
u<Õ <åÅ∞Hõ‰õΩ ~°∞z Ñ≤zÛ|\˜ì, P ~°∞K«∞Å∞ÖËx Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ JO>Ë `«#‰õΩ y@ì_»O ÖË^Œ∞. WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õΩ JxflO\˜h ~°∞K«∞Å∞
HõeÑ≤ fã¨∞‰õΩ#flѨÊ\˜H© h\˜H˜ =∂„`«O =∞#O Ug∞ =∞# ~°∞K«∞Å∞ HõÅ∞Ѩ‰õΩO_® „ѨHõ$u WzÛ# ~°∞z<Õ P™êfikOKå=Ú. QÆ`«
15, 20 ã¨OIIÅ #∞O_ç H˘O`«=∞Ok <åÅ∞HõÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ# h\˜ ~°∞zx u~°ã¨¯iã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. <åÅ∞Hõ h\˜ ~°∞zx
Jã¨Ç≤ϺOK«∞‰õΩ<Õã¨iH˜ H˘O`«=∞Ok P h~°∞ „`åQÆHõ áÈ`Õ Uq∞\˜ÖË Jx J„â◊^Œú KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOKå~°∞. âßs~°HõOQÍ K≥=∞@
Ѩ_ç`Õ J<åfl h~°∞ „`åQÍÅxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. K≥=∞@ Ѩ>Ëì ~ÀAÅ∞ áÈ~Ú#q. U^À h\˜x HÍ"åÅx „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞ `«Ñ¨Ê, W+¨ìOQÍ „`åˆQ
"å~°∞ `«yæáÈÜ«∂~°∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O Ö’HõO áÈHõ_» ZÖÏ LO^ŒO>Ë, h\˜H˜ ѨOK«^•~° HõÅ∞ѨىõΩx „`åˆQ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ô =∞l˚QƉõΩ
=∞™êÖÏ HõÅ∞ѨىõΩO>Ë `«Ñ¨Ê „`åQÆÖËx ã≤÷uH˜ ZkQÍ~°∞. WÖψQ D JÅ"å@∞¡, ~°∞K«∞Å∞ u#_»O H˘#™êy`Õ, Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’
=∞#"å~°∞ h\˜H˜ ‰õÄ_® LѨC, `åeOѨÙÅ∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩx "å\˜x aO^≥Ö’ áÈã¨∞‰õΩx =∞Ozh~°∞QÍ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# J=ã¨~°O
=zÛf~°∞`«∞Ok. D J~Ú_çÜ«∂ |ã‘ÎÅÖ’ KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ WѨÊ\˜ˆH =zÛ LO_»=K«∞Û. <å ^Œ$+≤ìH˜ h~°∞#∞ ÃÑ· q^èŒOQÍ KÕã¨∞‰õΩx
„`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°x ~åÖË^Œ∞QÍh, D áê\˜ˆH H˘O`«=∞Ok WÖÏ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì<å ÃÑ\˜ì LO_»=K«∞Û#x <å JOK«<å.
ѨÓ~°fiO ~ÀAÅÖ’ „Ѩu XHõ¯~°∂ x„^Œ ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ =∞OK«O ^ŒQÆæ~° LOK«∞‰õΩ#fl h\˜x QÆ@QÆ\Ï „`åˆQ "å~°∞. ÉÏ=ÙÅ
^ŒQÆæ~å, K≥~°∞=ÙÅ ^ŒQÆæ~å ^Àã≤à◊§`À h~°∞ „`åˆQ"å~°∞. XH˘¯Hõ¯ ^ÀÃã_»∞ H˘Å`« "Õ¿ãÎ áê=Ù b@~°∞ ÃÑ·# LO@∞Ok. ZHõ¯_»‰õΩ
"≥o§<å „`åQÆ_®xH˜ h~°∞ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥àı§"å~°∞. Éè’[#O ^ŒQÆæ~° h\˜ QÍ¡ã¨∞ LOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ"å~°∞ QÍh „`åQÆ_®xH˜ HÍ^Œ∞. Éè’[#O
u#É’ÜÕ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ hà◊§`À „áÈHõ∆} KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ P h\˜x "å_ç, Éè’[#O JÜ«∂ºHõ K≥~Úº HõOK«OÖ’ Hõ_»∞HÀ¯=_®xH˜
"å_Õ"å~°∞. =∞# ѨÓ~°∞fiÅ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P Ô~O_»∞ JÅ"å@¡#∞ =ke"Õã≤, HõOK«O ^ŒQÆæ~° ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl h\˜x „`åˆQã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. =∞#O
WѨÙ_»∞ ã≤OH± ^ŒQÆæ~° QÆ^• KÕ`«∞Å∞ Hõ_çˆQk! =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ ~ÀAH˜ 6, 7 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O [iˆQk. "åi „â◊=∞ JO`« h\˜x
„`åyOKÕk. h~°∞ J=∞$`«=∞x ÉèÏqOKå~°∞ "å~°∞. "≥#∞Hõ\˜ ~ÀAÖ’¡ |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ WO\˜H˜ =zÛ# "≥O@<Õ, ÃÑ^ŒÌ Ö’\Ï`À<À,
ÃÑ^ŒÌ QÍ¡ã¨∞`À<À ™êfiQÆ`«O ѨeˆH"å~°∞. D ~ÀAÅÖ’ ‰õÄÖò„_çOHÀ, ~°™êfl<À, HÍѶ‘ HõѨCÅ`À<À =∞~åº^Œ KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. HÍã¨Î
_»|∞ƒ#fl "åÔ~·`Õ D =∞^茺 Z=ià◊§Ö’#∂ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ÖË^Œ∞. =∞#O WKÕÛ hà◊§Ö’¡ U"≥∞ÿ<å HÍÅ∞+¨ºO LO@∞O^Õ"≥∂#x
ÉèíÜ«∞O, ZHõ¯_çH˜ "≥o§<å WO\˜ ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_Õ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩx "≥à◊√`«∞<åfl~°∞.
D ~ÀAÖ’¡ J~Ú`Õ ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ Éˇ_£ HÍѶ‘, ^•Ç¨ÏO ZѨÙ_»<åfl J~Ú`Õ ‰õÄÖò„_çOHÀ, c~üÖ’, ~°™êÖ’, Åã‘ûÖ’ hà◊§
|^Œ∞Å∞ "å_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. ~ÀAH˜ 2, 3 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åˆQ"å~°∞ 10 âß`«O =∞Ok, 5, 6 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h~°∞, JO`«HõO>Ë
`«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "å~°∞ 60 âß`«O =∞Ok LO@∞<åfl~°∞. Ô~O_»∞ b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ „`åˆQ"å~°∞ 15 âß`«O =∞Ok LO\Ï~°∞. Ô~O_»∞
#∞O_ç =¸_»∞ b@~°¡ =∞^茺 „`åˆQ"å~°∞ 10 âß`«O LO\Ï~°∞. =¸_»∞ #∞O_ç <åÅ∞QÆ∞ b@~°∞¡ „`åˆQ"å~°∞ 5 âß`«O =∞Ok
LO\Ï~°∞. ~ÀAH˜ 5,6 b@~°∞¡ „`åˆQ"å~°∞ ZHõ¯_À #∂\˜H˜, HÀ\˜H˜ XHõi^ŒÌ~°∞ Hõ#|_»`å~°∞. JÖÏ „`åˆQ"åix, D „`åQÆx
"å~°∞ Jxfl hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ H˜_ôflʼnõΩ Ѩx Z‰õΩ¯= Jx XHõ~°∞ Jx, Jxfl „`åy`Õ =¸„`«OÖ’ Jhfl áÈ`å~Ú Jx "Õ~˘Hõ~°∞ Jx,
~°HõÎO ѨÅ∞K«QÍ J~ÚáÈ`«∞O^Œx WOH˘Hõ~°∞, =∞~˘Hõ~°∞ ÃÑ·`«ºO Jx WÖÏ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ K≥Ñ≤Ê „`åˆQ"åix ɡ^Œi™êÎ~°∞.
„`åˆQ WO`« `«‰õΩ¯= h\˜H˜ ‰õÄ_® H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ "åO`«∞Å∞, h\˜x K«∂¿ãÎ qHÍ~°O, á⁄@ìÖ’ uѨÊ_»O, =∞iH˘O`«
=∞OkH˜ hà◊§ ZÅs˚Å∞. P „`åˆQ H˘kÌh\˜ ~°∞z ‰õÄ_® W+¨ìO ÖËHõ x=∞‡~°ã¨O Ñ≤O_»∞‰õΩx „`åˆQ"å~°∞, hà◊√§ „`åy ѨK«Û_ç
<åˆH"å~°∞, hà◊§‰õΩ ÃÑѨÊ~ü[e¡ „`åˆQ"å~°∞, fÑ≤ HõÅ∞ѨىõΩx „`åˆQ"å~°∞ WÖÏ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ KÕ¿ã "å~°∞ ÖËHõ áÈÖË^Œ∞.
ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ∞`«∂, h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ K«O\˜ Ñ≤Å¡efl K«∂ã≤ „`åQÆx=fi~°∞. z#fl Ñ≤Å¡Å∞ á⁄@ìxO_® hà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯=
 ¯ „ Û fl Û Î fl ¡
=ÚOÉÏ~Ú ÖÏO\˜ KÀ@¡ =∞OzQÍe Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀ"åÅ#∞‰õΩ<Õ "åiH˜ =∞OzQÍex J"Õ∞‡ 'PH˜û[<£ ÉÏ~üÅ∞— J<Õq =KåÛÜ«∞@.
QÆO@‰õΩ 100–200 ~°∂II ѨÙK«∞Û‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. [<åÅ∞ "≥o§ Ñ‘Å∞Û‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞.
<Õ#∞ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# – h~°∞ „`åˆQ"åi âß`åÅ∞, h~°∞ „`åQÆÖËHõ Ѩ_Õ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ #=∞‡|∞kúHÍ^Œ∞.
=∞iH˘O`«=∞OkH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= KÕã≤ „"åâß~°∞ Jx JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. <Õ#∞ D 7, 8 ã¨OIIÅÖ’ Z<Àfl "ÕÅ=∞Okx h\˜ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ J_çy
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. "å~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ qO@∂ LO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ Pâ◊Û~°ºO "Õã¨∞ÎOk. ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆQÆey# "å~°∞, h~°∞
„`åQÆ\ÏxH˜ Uq∞ W|ƒOk LO@∞Ok Jx H˘\˜ì Ѩ_Õã¨∞ÎO\Ï~°∞. „`åQÆÖËx "åiH˜ `≥Å∞ã¨∞ P ÉÏ^èŒ Uq∞\’! KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜
J<å~ÀQƺO HÍ~°}OQÍ J~Ú+¨ì`« U~°Ê_ç`Õ, =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜ ѨÙ@∞ìHõ`À<Õ h~°∞ JO>Ë W|ƒOk "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ
~°∞K«∞Å∞ uO@∂ LO>Ë, ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ „Ѩ=~°Î#Å∞ ѨÙ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. JO^Œ∞Ö’^Õ h~°∞#∞ „`åQÆ\ÏxH˜ W|ƒOk Ѩ_»@O
JO>Ë. WѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ =∞#‰õΩ#fl h\˜ JÅ"å@∞¡ =∂~°∞Û‰õΩx, â◊s~åxH˜ J#∞‰õÄÅ"≥∞ÿ# h\˜ JÅ"å@¡#∞ <Õ~°∞Û‰õΩO>Ë P~ÀQƺO
ÉÏ=ÙO@∞Ok. =∞#ã¨∞ûÖ’ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÍÅx PÖ’K«# =∂~°∞Ê KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë, h~°∞ J^Õ ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞Ok. h\˜H˜ LO_Õ ~°∞z
ÉÏQÀÖË^Œ∞ Jx =∂<ÕHõO>Ë, h\˜x ~°∞z HÀã¨O „`åQÆ_»O ÖË^Œ∞, P~ÀQƺO H˘~°‰õΩ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞ Jx =∂#ã≤HõOQÍ ã≤^Œú=∞~Ú`Õ
U W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ~å=Ù. L#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ áÈ~Ú =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞ g∞ ™⁄O`«O J=Ù`«∞O^Œx =∞~°∞=HõO_ç.
 LѨ"å™êÅÖ’ h~°∞
LѨ"åã¨O JO>Ë á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ ѨxKÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_® ѨÓiÎ q„âßOu fã¨∞HÀ=_»O. Jq Ô~O_»∂ Ѩx K≥Ü«∞º‰õÄ_»^ŒO>Ë Ug∞ u#‰õΩO_® ѨÓiÎ
q„âßOu x"åfie. Ug∞ PǨ~°O u#HõáÈ`Õ, â◊s~°OÖ’ H˘`«ÎQÍ `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ LO_»=Ù. â◊s~åxH˜ ѨQÆ\˜ _»∂º\©H˜ ÃãÅ=Ù WzÛ#@∞¡.
~å„u _»∂º\© =∂=¸Å∞ ~ÀAÅÖ’ (PǨ~°O u<Õ ~ÀAÅÖ’) J~Ú`Õ H©¡xOQ∑, i¿Ñ~°∞. LѨ"åã¨O JO>Ë Ñ¨QÆÅ∞ PǨ~°O ÖËx HÍ~°}OQÍ
ѨQÆÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® ~å„uѨÓ@ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ H©¡xOQ∑#∞, i¿Ñ~°∞#∞ â◊s~°O KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. JO>Ë "åã¨Î"åxH˜ 24 QÆO@Å∂ H©¡xOQ∑, i¿Ñ~°∞ Jx J~°÷O.
PǨ~°O u#ÖË^Œ∞ QÆ^• U K≥_»∞ H©¡<£ J=Ù`«∞Ok JO>Ë, â◊s~°OÖ’ ZѨÊ\˜ #∞O_À xÅ∞= L#fl K≥_»∞, ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#fl =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ "≥ÚIIq H©¡<£
KÕÜ∞« |_»`å~Ú. =∞#O P~°∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ PѶ㑠∞¨ HÀ, "åºáê~åxHÀ "≥o§ Pk"å~°=Ú â‹Å=Ù fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl>,¡Ë P~°∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã≤ JÅã≤
áÈ~Ú# á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞ʼnõΩ LѨ"åã¨O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ â‹Å=Ù W=fi_»=∞#fl =∂@. D ~°ÇϨ ™êºxfl QÆ=∞xOz# ѨÓ~°∞fiÅ∞ UHÍ^ŒtH˜, â◊x"å~åxH˜, ѨO_»∞QÆ∞ʼnõΩ,
ѨÓ[ʼnõΩ LѨ"å™êÅ∞ KÕ¿ãΠѨÙ}ºO =ã¨∞ÎOk Jx K≥¿ÑÊ"å~°∞. U ѨÙ}º=Ú JO>Ë â◊s~åxH˜, =∞#ã¨∞û‰õΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# P~ÀQƺ=∞<Õ Ñ¨Ù}º=Ú
Jx "åi ÉèÏ=#.
Ug∞ PǨ~°O u#‰õΩO_® LO_®ÅO>Ë h~°ã¨O =ã¨∞ÎOkQÆ^• Jx ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_ç =∞#O LѨ"å™êÅ *’eH˜ áÈ=Ú. g∞‰õΩ h~°ã¨O ~å‰õΩO_®,
ÉÏQÍ â◊H˜ÎQÍ LO_Õ@@∞¡, PHõeÖˉõΩO_® LѨ"å™êxH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKÕ K«Hõ¯x PǨ~°=Ú `Õ<≥ J<Õ J=∞$`«=Ú. `Õ<≥ „`åy`Õ á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ Jã¨Å∞
Ѩx KÕÜ«∞#Hõ¯~° ÖˉõΩO_® â◊s~åxH˜ â◊H˜Î =ã¨∞ÎOk. `Õ<≥ „`åy`Õ J#flO u#fl ^•xHõO>Ë |ÅOQÍ Ç¨ïëê~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. D `Õ<≥ ã¨Ç¨ÏHÍ~°=Ú`À
LѨ"åã¨=Ú KÕÜ∞« _»O Jxfl q^è•ÖÏ =∞Ozk.
LѨ"åã¨OÖ’ â◊s~åxH˜ ÖÏÉèÏxfl KÕ‰õĈ~Û^ŒO`å h~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞. LѨ"åã¨=ÚÖ’ 24 QÆO@Å∂ g∞Ö’ xÅ∞= L#fl K≥_»∞ JO`å H©¡xOQ∑
ÉÏQÍ [~°QÍÅO>Ë, D Ѩx JO`å KÕ¿ãk hˆ~. =∞#O „`åˆQ =∞Ozh~°∞ ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥o§ â◊s~°OÖ’ xÅ∞= L#fl K≥_»∞#∞ <å#ɡ@∞ìH˘x u~°∞QÆ∞
„Ѩܫ∂}OÖ’ P K≥_»∞ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ =∞ÅO, =¸„`«O, K≥=∞@, HÍ~°ƒ<£ _≥·Ü«∂ÔH·û_£ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. D h~°∞ ã¨iѨ_®
„`åQƉõΩO_® LѨ"åã¨O KÕã≤<å, Jã¨Å∞ „`åQÆHõáÈ~Ú<å ÖÏÉèíO ã¨∞<åfl. D h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`«∂, nx`À áê@∞ HÍѶ‘<À, \©<À ÖË^• ѨO_»¡ ~°ã¨"≥∂
ÖË^• „Ѩ™ê^Œ"≥∂ H˘kÌQÍ #Ol`Õ Jk LѨ"åã¨O J=fi^Œ∞. JÖÏ KÕ¿ãÎ J@∞ uO_çH©, W@∞ H©¡xOQ∑H© Ô~O_»∞ q^è•ÖÏ K≥_ç#@∞¡ J=Ù`«∞Ok. U
H˘kÌQÍ PǨ~°O u<åfl ^•xfl r~°‚O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ á⁄@ì, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ ѨxKÕ™êÎ~Ú. Jq Ѩx KÕ¿ãÎ P ~ÀA =∂=¸Å∞ ~ÀA`À ã¨=∂#O.
WÖÏO\˜ ÖÏÉèÏxflKÕÛ LѨ"åã¨O "å~åxH˘Hõ ~ÀA KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. =∞#O^Œ~°O Pk"å~°O ѨÓ@ Z‰õΩ¯= K≥`«Î ux â◊s~åxfl W|ƒOk ÃÑ_»∞`«∂
LO\Ï=Ú. HÍ|\˜ì WOH˘Hõ ~ÀA LѨ"åã¨O KÕ¿ãHõO>Ë D HÍÅO =∞#∞+¨µÅ∞ Pk"å~°O KÕÜ«∞_»O =∞Oz^Œx <å L^ÕÌâ◊O. JÖψQ ѨO_»∞QÆ∞ʼnõΩ,
UHÍ^ŒtH˜, â◊s~°O |_»eHõQÍ L#flÑC¨ _»∞, PHõe =∞O^ŒOQÍ L#flÑC¨ _»∞, ѨÙ#flq∞H˜ U^À XHõ =OHõ`À LѨ"åã¨O KÕÜ∞« _»O =∞Ozk. =∞#Ö’
H©¡xOQ∑ JO`å [iˆQk h\˜=Å# HÍ|\˜ì h\˜H˜ Z‰õΩ¯= „áê=ÚYº=Úxã¨∂Î LѨ"åã¨O KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
h~°∞ ZÖÏ „`åQÍe : 1) L^ŒÜ«∞O x„^ŒÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ô 9, 10 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ QÆO@H˘Hõ b@~°∞ K˘Ñ¨C# 3, 4 b@~°∞¡ =∞Ozh~°∞
„`åQÆ∞`å~°∞.
2. P h\˜`À XHõ\˜, Ô~O_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡ ™êѶ‘QÍ qˆ~K«# =∞=Ù`«∞Ok.
3. 9, 10 QÆO@ʼnõΩ PHõÖˇ·<å, J=fiHõáÈ~Ú<å, h~°ã¨O =zÛ<å, ~åHõáÈ~Ú<å XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ QÍ¡ã¨∞_»∞ h\˜Ö’ XHõ x=∞‡HÍÜ«∞ ~°™êxfl Ñ≤O_ç,
^•xÖ’ ã¨fiK«Û"ù ∞≥ #ÿ `Õ<#≥ ∞ 3, 4 \© ã¨∂Ê#∞¡ (z#fl ã¨∂Ê#∞¡) HõeÑ≤ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞.
4. `Õ<≥ „`åy# QÆO@#fl~° `«~°∞"å`« #∞O_ç XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ J~°b@~°∞ #∞O_ç b@~°∞ =~°‰õΩ h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞.
5. =∞m§ 12, 12.30 QÆO@ʼnõΩ `Õ<≥, x=∞‡~°ã¨O HõeÑ≤# h~°∞ „`åQÍe.
6. =∞m§ QÆO@#fl~° `«~°∞"å`« (ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 2 QÆO@ʼnõΩ) =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÍe.
7. WÖÏ ~ÀAH˜ S^•~°∞ ™ê~°∞¡ `Õ<≥ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∂, 5, 6 ™ê~°∞¡ =∞Oz h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ ~å„uѨ_»∞H˘<Õ =~°‰õÄ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO_»=K«∞Û.
8. WHõ h\˜x ~å„u 7, 8 QÆO@ÅHõÖÏ¡ „`åQÆ_»O PѨ=K«∞Û. x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞ =~°‰õÄ „`åy`Õ =¸„`«O W|ƒOk =ã¨∞ÎOk HÍ|\˜ì h\˜x =ÚO^Õ
PѨ=K«∞Û.
9. Z=iHõ<åfl J#∞HÀx h~°ã¨O QÍx, W|ƒOk QÍh =¿ãÎ JÖÏO@ѨÙ_»∞ Z=∞Ô~˚hûÖ’ H˘|ƒiÉÁO_®O hà◊√§ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û.
10. WÖÏ LѨ"åã¨O ¿Ñ~°∞# â◊s~åxH˜ ~Ô ã¨∞ì xã¨∂Î P ~ÀA# =∞OzQÍ ^蕺#O Z‰õΩ¯= ¿ãѨ٠KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_»"∂≥ , P^蕺u‡Hõ ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ∞ K«^=Œ _»"∂≥ ,
=∞#ã¨∞û#∞ „ѨâßO`«OQÍ LO>Ë Ñ¨#∞Å#∞ KÕã∞¨ HÀ=_»"∂≥ KÕ¿ãÎ =∞Ozk.
11. h~°ã¨O LO>Ë `Õ<≥ ZO`« "å_ç<å `«Ñ¨CÖË^Œ∞. (ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 250 „QÍ=ÚÅ∞ JO>Ë áê=Ù ˆHr =~°‰õΩ).
12. LѨ"åã¨O KÕã#≤ `«~∞° "å`« ~ÀA, =∂=¸Å∞QÍ =∞# k#K«~º° #∞ H˘#™êyOK«=K«∞Û.
KåÖÏ=∞Ok LѨ"å™êÅ∞ KÕ™êÎ~°∞ QÍh, ÖÏÉèÏxfl á⁄O^ŒÖË~°∞. `Õ<≥ „`åQƉõΩO_® KÕã≤# LѨ"åã¨OÖ’ ÖÏÉèíO `«QÆæ^Œ∞. QÍh, h~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_®
KÕã≤#O^Œ∞=Å¡ „ѨÜ≥∂[#O ã¨∞<åfl. WOHÍ #+¨ìO Z‰õΩ¯=. KåÖÏ=∞Ok <Õ#∞ Ug∞ =Ú@∞ìHÀ‰õΩO_® LO_»QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`å#∞ Jx Q˘Ñ¨Ê K≥ѨC‰õΩO@∂
LO\Ï~°∞. h~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_® ÖË^• `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åy<å LѨ"åã¨O J<Õ ^•x J~°÷O =∂iáÈ`«∞Ok. "å~åxH˘Hõ ~ÀA LѨ"åã¨O ^•fi~å â◊s~åxfl
h\˜`À ã¨sfiã≤OQ∑ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO^•O. ~ÀQÍÅ ÉÏi# Ѩ_»‰õΩO_® â◊s~åxfl „Ñ≤[~üfi KÕã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
 "Õã¨qÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „`åQÍe
ZO_®HÍÅO =ã¨∞ÎO^ŒO>Ë<Õ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ ÉèíÜ«∞O "Õã¨∞ÎOk. <åÅ∞QÆ∞ <≥ÅÅ∞ ZѨÙ_»∞ áÈ~Ú =~å¬HÍÅO =ã¨∞ÎO^• Jx K«∂™êÎ~°∞. JO^Œ~°∂
ÉÏǨϺOQÍ â◊s~åxH˜ K«Å¡^Œ<åxfl JOkOKÕ „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞. U.ã≤.Å∞, ‰õÄÅ~üÅ∞, K«hfl\˜ ™êfl<åÅ∞, Q˘_»∞QÆ∞Å∞ ZO_»#∞Oz
~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀ=_®xH˜ "å_»∞`«∞O\Ï~°∞. ÉÏǨϺOQÍ Zxfl KÕã≤<å H˘kÌQÍ ZO_» `«yÖË ã¨iH˜ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =∂=¸ÖË. â◊s~°O֒ѨŠL#fl ‰õÄeOQ∑
ã≤ã¨ì"£∞#∞ ÉÏQÍ LѨÜ≥∂yOKÕ@@∞¡ „Ѩܫ∞ufl¿ãÎ ÉÏǨϺOQÍ Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ~Ú<å ZO`« ZO_»Ö’ uiy<å Ǩ~ÚQÍ<Õ LO@∞Ok.
=∞#Ö’ L#fl ‰õÄeOQ∑ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨x KÕã≤, =∞#efl ZO_»Ö’ W|ƒOk ÖˉõΩO_® Ǩ~ÚQÍ „Ѩܫ∂}O KÕ~ÚOK« QÆÅQÍÅO>Ë Ö’Ñ¨Å‰õΩ
fã¨∞H˘<Õ h\˜ÃÑ· Jk P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO@∞Ok. "Õã¨qÖ’ â◊s~°O h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ HÀ~°∞`«∂O@∂Ok, HÍ|>Ëì =∞#O h\˜x q∞QÆ`å HÍÖÏÖ’¡ „`åˆQ
^•xHõO>ˇ Z‰õΩ¯= W+¨ìOQÍ, Z‰õΩ¯= hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∂O\Ï=Ú. j`åHÍÅO, =~å¬HÍÅO`À áÈe¿ãÎ, ZO_®HÍÅO =∞#O „`åˆQ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= Jx
=∞#O^Œ~°O J#∞HÀ=K«∞Û. HÍx â◊s~åxH˜ WOHÍ Jq `«‰õΩ¯= HÍ=@O KÕ`« ZO_»#∞ `«@∞ìHÀÖËHõáÈ`«∞<åfl=Ú. ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ JO^Œ~°∂ "Õã¨q HÍÅO
2, 3 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. â◊s~åxH˜ W|ƒOk ~å‰õΩO_® "Õã¨q HÍÅO Ǩ~ÚQÍ ™êQÍÅO>Ë 6, 7 b@~°¡ h~°∞ `«Ñ¨Êx ã¨iQÍ „`åy f~åe.
ZO_»Ö’¡ u~°QÆ#ѨÙ_»∞ 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. ZO_»Ö’ uiˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ J^Œ#OQÍ P Ô~O_»∞ b@~°∞¡ â◊s~åxfl ֒ѨÖÏ, |Ü«∞\Ï K«Å¡QÍ
LOK«_®xH˜ J=ã¨~°O. =∞x+≤H˜ "Õã¨qHÍÅOÖ’ "Õ¿ã Z‰õΩ¯= ^•Ç¨xfl f~°Û_®xH˜ KåÖÏKÀ@¡ K«e"ÕO„^•Å ¿Ñi@ ¿ã"åHÍ~°º„Hõ=∂Å∞ #_»∞ã¨∂Î
LO\Ï~Ú. =∞#‰õΩ K«e"ÕO„^ŒOÖ’ 4 QÍ¡ã∞¨ Å∞ h~°∞ W¿ãÎ, „`åy# `«~∞° "å`« "å~°∞ =∞#‰õΩ ¿ã= KÕã#≤ @∞¡ ÉèÏqã¨∂Î `«$Ñ≤ΠѨ_`» å=Ú. =∞#=Ú
"Õã¨qÖ’ JÖÏ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O J<Õk =∞# â◊s~åxH˜ =∞#O ¿ã= KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O Jx =∂„`«O =∞~°∞==^Œ∞Ì.
ZO_®HÍÅOÖ’ h\˜x `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡ =zÛ# W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞ =∞~°ÖÏ uiy h~°∞ „`åy`Õ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞O^Œ∞Å ^•fi~å QÍx, =∞i U
W`«~° Ѩ^Œú`«∞Å ^•fi~å QÍx áÈQ˘@ì_»O ™ê^茺O HÍ^Œ∞. "Õã¨q HÍÅOÖ’ UÜÕ∞ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =™êÎÜ≥∂, "å\˜H˜, h\˜H˜ ã¨O|O^èŒ"Õ∞q∞\’
WѨÙ_»∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
1) K«~å‡xfl ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜ : ZO_» #∞O_ç K«~å‡xfl, â◊s~åxfl HÍáê_Õk hˆ~. P h~°∞ ã¨iQÍ â◊s~°OÖ’ ÖË#ѨÙ_»∞ Z<Àfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞
Z^Œ∞~À¯=Åã≤ =ã¨∞OÎ k. "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ h~°∞ ÖËHõ áÈ~Ú<å, KåÅHõ áÈ~Ú<å "Õãq¨ HÍÅOÖ’ P‰õΩÅ∞ ZO_çáÈ~Ú#@∞¡ ~°OQÆ∞`«y,æ "≥ÚHõ¯ "å_çáÈ~Ú#@∞¡
LO@∞Ok. JÖÏO\˜ "≥ÚHõ¯‰õΩ h~°∞ JOk¿ãÎ XHõ¯ ~ÀAÖ’ =∞m§ ѨK«ÛQÍ H˘`«Î zQÆ∞~°∞`À xQÆxQÆÖÏ_»∞`«∞Ok. h~°∞ KåÅHõáÈ`Õ =∞# â◊s~°O
‰õÄ_® h~°∞ÖËx "≥ÚHõ¯ ÖÏQÍ "å_çáÈ`«∞Ok. JÖψQ 'h~°∞ KåÅx— =∞#∞+¨µÅ =ÚMÏÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® ZO_çáÈ~Ú#@∞¡ #Å¡QÍ Hõq∞eáÈ`å~Ú. JÖψQ
K«~°‡O ‰õÄ_® #Å¡QÍ J=Ù`«∂, ѨQÆ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ѨQÆ\˜Ñ¨Ó@ =∞#O Ѩx KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ LO\Ï=Ú. D Ѩx =Å¡ =∞# HõO_»~åÅÖ’ L`«ÊuÎ
JÜÕ∞º "Õ_çx `«yæOK«_®xH˜, K«ÖÏ¡~°Û_®xH˜ h~°∞ HÍ"åe. JÖψQ ѨQÆÅ∞ ZO_» Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ P ZO_»#∞O_ç K«~å‡xfl ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜ h~°∞
HÍ"åe. D Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ "Õã¨q HÍÅO Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÍe.
"Õã¨qÖ’ ZO_» Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ K«~å‡xfl ZO_» #∞O_ç ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜, â◊s~°O `«#Ö’x h\˜x K«~å‡xH˜ ѨOÑ≤ K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’
h\˜x Pqi KÕã¨∂Î, K«~å‡xfl K«Å¡|~°∞ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. K«~å‡xH˜ K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ =zÛ# h\˜ ^•fi~å K«Å¡^Œ#O U~°Ê_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. "Õã¨qÖ’
â◊s~°O ZO_» #∞O_ç K«~å‡xfl HÍáê_»\ÏxH˜ „Ѩu~ÀE ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 1.5 b@~°∞¡–2 b@~°∞¡ K≥=∞@ Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’ h\˜ x+¨ÊuÎ
`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ K«~å‡xfl ZO_» #∞O_ç HÍáê_»\ÏxH˜ h~°∞ KåÅHõ, `«‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ K«~å‡xH˜ „Ѩܫ∂}˜ã¨∞ÎOk. `«^•fi~å `«‰õΩ¯= K≥=∞@
Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. K≥=∞@ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ Z‰õΩ¯= "Õ_çH˜ K«~°‡O QÆ∞i J=Ù`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ZO_» `«yÖË ÉèÏQÍÖ’¡ K«~°‡O =∞O_»∞`«∂, ѨQÆ∞Å∞`«∂,
#Å¡QÍ J=Ù`«∂ LO@∞Ok. "Õã¨qHÍÅOÖ’ Ñ≤šʼnõΩ, ÃÑ^ŒÌʼnõΩ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ â◊s~°O ¿ÑeáÈ`«∞O @∞Ok. ¿Ñe#ѨÙ_»∞ áœ_»~°∞ ѨÓã¨∞ÎO\ψ~ `«Ñ¨Ê ¿ÑÖË
HÍ~°}Ïxfl PѨ~°∞. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åˆQ "åiˆH K«~°‡O ¿ÑeáÈ`«∞Ok. â◊s~åxH˜ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞Ozh~°∞#∞ JOkã¨∂Î ã¨|∞ƒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì `À=∞_»O
=∂x`Õ ¿ÑÅ_»O "≥O@<Õ áÈ`«∞Ok. „Ѩq∞^ŒÖ’ #∂<≥ L#flO`« ¿ãÑ¨Ó =∞O@ XuÎx HÍÅÛÖË^Œ∞. #∂<≥ ÖË#ѨC_»∞, J~ÚáÈ`«∞#flѨÙ_»∞, P =∞O>Ë
XuÎx HÍeÛ "Õã¨∞ÎOk. JÖψQ â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞#flO`« ¿ãÑ¨Ó ZO_» K«~å‡xfl Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞.
2) =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ qã¨i˚OK«\ÏxH˜ : "Õã¨q HÍÅO =zÛO^ŒO>Ë =∞#O^Œ~°‰õΩ QÆ∞~°∞ΉõΩ =KÕÛq "Õã¨q ÃãÅ=ÙÅ∞. "Õã¨q ÃãÅ=ÙʼnõΩ
Ñ≤Å¡Å#∞ q<À^•Å‰õΩ, qÖÏ™êʼnõΩ `«e¡^ŒO„_»∞Å∞ „uѨC`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. =∞iH˘O`« =∞Ok f~°÷Ü«∂„`«Å ¿Ñi@ ^Õâß@# KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞. "Õã¨q
ÃãÅ=ÙÅ#∞ ã¨O`À+¨OQÍ QÆ_»áêÅx JO^ŒiH© LO@∞Ok. |Ü«∞\˜ „áêO`åʼnõΩ "≥o§#ѨÙ_»∞ =∞#O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«$Ñ≤Îx á⁄O^Œ\ÏxH˜, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
Y~°∞Û KÕã≤ ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ u#_®xH˜ W+¨ìѨ_»`å=Ú. ÃÑ·QÍ "Õã¨qHÍÅO "Õ_ç Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_ç `åѨO ÃÑ~°QÆ_»O =Å#, `åáêxfl
K«ÖÏ¡ˆ~Û ‰õÄÖò„_çOH±û, Sãπ„H©=ÚÅ∞, Åã‘ûÅ∞, Ju K«Å¡x h~°∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "å_»`å~°∞. ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO J~ÚºO^ŒO>Ë |r˚Å∞,
ѨÙ#∞QÆ∞Å∞, Hõ\òÖˇ\òÅ∞, ã¨"≥∂™êÅ∞, áêhѨÓsÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. WÖÏ ~°Hõ~°HÍŠѨ^•~å÷Å#∞, ~°Hõ~°HÍŠǨϟ@à◊§Ö’, ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ
Tà◊√§ =∂~°∞`«∂ ux u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. =∞iH˘O`« =∞Ok K«∞\ÏìÅ WO\˜H˜ "≥o`Õ ~åHõ~åHõ =KåÛ~°x ~ÀAHÀ ~°HõO \˜Ñ¶≤<£û, ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ
qO^Œ∞Éè’[<åÅ∞ ÃÑ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. "Õã¨q HÍÅO =zÛO^ŒO>Ë =∞#O^ŒiH© =∞s W+ì̈"≥∞ÿ# H˘`«Î P=HÍÜ«∞Å∞, ѨK«Ûà◊§ ã‘[<£. Jq ÃÑ\ì̃# H˘`«ÎÖ’
=∞s ÉÏQÆ∞O\Ï~Ú HÍ|\ì̃ "Õã¨q HÍÅ"Õ∞ JO^Œ~°∂ =∞ã¨∞ÎQÍ P~°yã¨∞ÎO\Ï~°∞. D q^èŒOQÍ JO^Œ~°∂ =º~°÷Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õ PǨ~åÅ#∞
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uO@∂ ^•Ç¨xH˜ h~°∞ |^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄÖò „_çOH±û, ~°™êÅ∞, Sãπ„H©=ÚÅ#∞ "å_»∞`«∂ â◊s~åxfl W|ƒOk ÃÑ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ
Z‰õΩ¯= =∞OkH˜ "Õã¨q HÍÅOÖ’ qˆ~K«<åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞ J~Ú`Õ =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜ =~å¬HÍÅO „áê~°OÉèíOÖ’ `«~°∞} "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÖˇ_»`å~Ú.
[fi~°O, ~˘OѨ, ^ŒQ∞Æ ,æ qˆ~K«<åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞, Hõ_∞» ѨÙ<˘Ñ≤Ê, `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ "å\˜x `«~∞° } "åº^è∞Œ ÅO\Ï~°∞. E<£, EÖˇ· <≥ÅÖ’¡ J@∞
Ñ≤šʼnõΩ, W@∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌʼnõΩ "≥·~°ãπ [fi~åÅ∞, >ˇÿá¶ê~Ú_£Å∞, `«~°∞} "åº^èŒ∞Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q =¿ãÎ ã‘[<£ =∂iOk QÆ^• JO^Œ∞=Å¡ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú Jx
=∞#O J#∞‰õΩO@∂ LO\Ï=Ú. _®Hõì~üû ‰õÄ_® J^Õ q^èŒOQÍ JO\Ï~°∞. =∞# JÅ"å@¡ =Å# =∞#Ö’ =∂i# ã‘[<£ Jx `≥eÜ«∞Hõ JO^Œ~°∂
„ѨHõ$u g∞^Œ, =~å¬HÍÅO g∞^Œ `À¿ãã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞.
 JÖψQ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ â‹QÆæ_»¤Å∞, ‰õΩ~°∞ѨÙÅ∞, <À\˜Ö’ ѨÓ`«Å∞, HÍà◊§ ѨQÆ∞à◊√§ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. =∞#‰õΩ ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Jq =ã¨∞Î<åflÜ≥∂
J~°÷OHÍHõ JO^Œ~°=¸ "Õã¨q HÍÅO Hõ^• "Õ_ç KÕã≤#O^Œ∞=Å¡ Wq Jhfl =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú J#∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=Ú. =∞i H˘O`« =∞Ok =∂q∞_ç HÍÜ«∞Å∞
u#flO^Œ∞=Ö’¡ ÖË^• Ѩ#㨠`˘#Å∞ u#flO^Œ∞=Ö’¡ "Õ_ç KÕã≤ QÆ_»¤Å∞ =ã¨∞Î<åflÜ«∞O@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. W=hfl "Õ_ç KÕã≤ HÍ^Œ∞, =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ â◊s~°OÖ’
Z‰õΩ¯"≥· D ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∂Î L<åfl~Ú. "Õã¨qÖ’ =∂=¸Å∞ ~ÀAÅÖ’HõO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ D W|ƒO^Œ∞Å #∞O_ç `ÕeQÍæ
|Ü«∞@ Ѩ_=» K«∞Û.
3) =¸„`«O ™êѶ‘QÍ J=fi_®xH˜ : "Õã¨qÖ’ =∞#O „`åy# =∞Ozh~°∞ =¸_»∞=O`«∞Å∞ K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ=¿ãÎ XHõ=O`«∞
=¸„`«O ~°∂ѨOÖ’ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. `«‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O `«Ü«∂~°=_»O KÕ`« =¸„`«O H˘kÌH˘kÌQÍ ~å=_»O, =∞O@QÍ ~å=_»O, ѨK«Û ѨK«ÛQÍ
~å=_»O, áÈã≤<å ѨÓiÎQÍ MÏm J~Ú#@∞¡ JxÑ≤OK«Hõ áÈ=_»O, K«∞Hõ¯ K«∞Hõ¯Å∞QÍ ~å=_»O "≥ÚIIq KåÖÏ =∞OkÖ’ Hõ#|_»`å~Ú. "Õã¨qÖ’‰õÄ_®
=¸„`«O ѨK«ÛQÍ ~å‰õΩO_® `≥Å¡QÍ, ^è•~°QÍ, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =KÕÛ@∞¡ h\˜x =∞#O =∞^蕺ǨÏflO, ™êÜ«∞O„`«O ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO>Ë D W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞
"Õãq¨ Ö’ Z=iH© ~å=Ù.
4) qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ J=fi_®xH˜ : "Õã¨qÖ’ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO LO@∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# =∞Ozh~°∞ â◊s~å=ã¨~åÅ#∞
f~°Û_®xH˜, ZO_»#∞O_ç K«~å‡xfl HÍáê_»\ÏxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ "≥à◊√`«∂ LO@∞Ok. K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= áÈ=_»O =Å# =¸„`«O
^•fi~å `«‰õΩ¯= |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =ã¨∞ÎOk. WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë qˆ~K«<åxfl 'ÃÑO\˜HõÅ∞—QÍ (QÆ\˜ìQÍ) =∂~°‰õΩO_® KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. JÖÏ
h~°∞ ÉÏQÍ „`åy# "åiH˜ "Õã¨q HÍÅO ‰õÄ_® "≥∞`«ÎQÍ, ™êѶ‘QÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok. h~°∞ ã¨iQÍ „`åQÆ#ѨÙ_»∞, H˘kÌQÍ<Õ „`åy#ѨÙ_»∞, =∞ÅO QÆ\˜ìѨ_ç
Jk „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ [iˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ ã¨∞xfl`«"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ#∞ ѨQÆÅ∞Q˘@∞ì‰õΩO@∂ ~å=_»O KÕ`« H˘O^ŒiH˜ qˆ~K«#OÖ’ ~°HõÎO Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok.
=∞iH˘O`« =∞OkÖ’ =¸Åâ◊OHõ ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ "Õã¨qÖ’ Z‰õΩ¯= J~Ú`Õ "Õ_çKÕã≤ J#∞‰õΩO\ψ~ QÍx h~°∞ KåÅHõ J#∞HÀ~°∞. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞
nxH˜ Ѩiëê¯~°O.
5) =_»^≥|ƒ `«QÆʼnõΩO_® LO_»\ÏxH˜ : =∞Ozh~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åy =∞^蕺ǨÏflO ѨÓ@ ZO_»Ö’ ѨxKÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ "åiH˜, ZO_»Ö’
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uiˆQ "åiH˜ '=_»^≥|ƒ— `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. "Õ_ç Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flO^Œ∞=Å¡ =_»^≥|ƒ `«yeOk Jx JO^Œ~°∂ J#∞‰õΩO\ψ~ HÍx
â◊s~°OÖ’ h~°∞ `«yæ J#∞HÀ~°∞. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ P H˘kÌ h~°∞ ZO_» #∞O_ç K«~å‡xfl ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜ K«~°‡OÖ’xH˜ "≥o§áÈ`«∞Ok.
ZO_»Ö’ ѨxKÕÜ«∞_»O ÖË^• u~°QÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ HõO_»~åÅÖ’ ѨÙ>Ëì "Õ_çx K«ÖÏ¡~°Û_®xH˜, WOHÍ â◊s~°OÖ’ q∞QÆ`å q^èŒ∞Å#∞
KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ HÍ=Åã≤#O`« h~°∞ KåÅ^Œ∞. h~°∞ `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ ~°HõÎO zHõ¯|_»∞`«∞Ok. ~°HõÎOÖ’ h\˜ âß`«O `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ ~°HõÎ „Ѩã¨~°}
K«∞~°∞QÍæ JO^Œ^Œ∞. "≥∞^Œ_»∞Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ ã¨iQÍ h~°∞ JO^Œ#O^Œ∞=Å¡ "Õã¨qÖ’ Hõà◊√§ u~°QÆ_»O, `«∂Å_»O, Hõà◊√§ ɡ·~°∞¡ Hõ=∞‡_»O, `«Åk=Ú‡QÍ
J=_»O, =_»^≥|ƒ `«ye Ѩ_çáÈ=_»O, ã¨Ê$Ç¨Ï `«Ñ¨Ê_»O "≥ÚIIq ã¨Ç¨Ï[OQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞OkÖ’ =ã¨∂ÎO\Ï~Ú. (WÖÏ Z=iHõ<åfl =¿ãÎ _ô ÃÇ·Ï„_Õ+¨<£
J<À =_»^≥|ƒ `«yeO^Œ<À JO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞). WÖÏ [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ MÏm h~°∞#∞ JOk¿ãÎ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. h~°∞ KåÅ#O^Œ∞=Å¡ WÖÏO\˜q =™êÎÜ«∞x
`≥eÜ«∞Hõ ZO`À =∞Ok "Õã¨q HÍÅO <å<å Ü«∂`«#Å#∞ J#∞Éèíqã¨∂Î LO\Ï~°∞. =∞x+≤ "Õã¨q HÍÅOÖ’ „`åQÆ=Åã≤#O`« h\˜x, „`åQÆ =Åã≤#
ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ „`åy`Õ "Õã¨q HÍÅO JO^ŒiH© '"≥<≥flÖÏ¡— LO@∞O^Õ `«Ñ¨Ê "Õ_çQÍ LO_»^Œ∞.
 "Õã¨qÖ’ h~°∞ ZÖÏ „`åQÍe
"Õã¨q HÍÅOÖ’ JO^ŒiH© Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã¨∞ÎO@∞Ok. "Õã¨qÖ’ ^•Ç¨ÏO Ü≥ÚHõ¯ L^ÕÌâ◊ºO "Õ~°∞QÍ LO@∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’ L#fl h~°∞
K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ áÈ`«∂ LO@∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì P ~°∂ѨOÖ’ `«iy# h\˜x uiy JOk=fi=∞x ^•x J~°÷O. JÖÏ JOk¿ãÎ
â◊s~°OÖ’x h\˜ x+¨ÊuÎ ~°HõÎOÖ’, Hõ}ÏÅÖ’, Hõ}ÏÅ |Ü«∞@ ZѨC_»∂ `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® HÍáê_»∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ "≥O@<Õ ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜
"≥o§ D J=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°ÛQÆey`Õ "Õã¨qÖ’ â◊s~°O ^≥|ƒu#^Œ∞. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥à◊§‰õΩO_® á⁄@ìÖ’<Õ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å∞
LO_çáÈ`Õ P h\˜ =Å# â◊s~åxH˜ ÖÏÉèíO LO_»^Œ∞. ^•x =Å# ^•Ç¨ÏO f~°^Œ∞. U W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ~å‰õΩO_® PQÆ=Ù.
=∞#O „`åˆQ =∞Ozh~°∞ `«fi~°QÍ ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ "≥o§ ^•Ç¨ÏO ÖË^• â◊s~å=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~åÅO>Ë =∞#O á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_Õ h\˜x „`åQÍe.
WÖÏ „`åy`Õ á⁄@ìÖ’xH˜ "≥o§# h~°∞, 15, 20 xIIÅÖ’ ~°HõÎO Ö’xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. JÖÏ ~°HõÎO Ö’x h~°∞ "≥∞Å¡QÍ Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ KÕi "å\˜ J=ã¨~åÅ#∞
f~°∞Û`«∞Ok. JÖψQ K«~å‡xH˜ ‰õÄ_® "≥O@<Õ JO^Œ∞`«∞Ok. J^Õ g∞~°∞ h\˜x á⁄@ìÖ’ U^≥·<å PǨ~°O L#flѨC_»∞ „`åy`Õ P h~°∞ PǨ~°O
JiˆQ =~°‰õÄ á⁄@ìÖ’<Õ LO@∞Ok. PǨ~°O`À áê@∞ JO>Ë ã¨∞=∂~°∞ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ QÆO@Å áê@∞ D h~°∞ â◊s~° J=ã¨~åÅ∞ f~°Û_®xH˜
"≥à◊§^Œ∞. WÖÏ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ZO_®HÍÅO =KÕÛ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ<Õ =™êÎ~Ú. L^•Ç¨Ï~°}‰õΩ =∞#‰õΩ ^•Ç¨ÏO "Õã≤#ѨC_»∞ Éèí∂q∞Ö’ L#fl
h~°∞ ^•Ç¨xfl f~°ÛÖË^Œ∞. Éèí∂q∞x „`«qfi ^•Ç¨xfl f~°∞ÛHÀ=_®xH˜ KåÖÏ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. P ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# h\˜ =Å# ÖÏÉèíO ÖË#>Ë¡–PǨ~°O`À
„`åy# h~°∞ =Å¡ ‰õÄ_® "Õã¨q HÍÅO Ug∞ „ѨÜ≥∂[#O LO_»^Œ∞. "Õã¨qx Ǩ~ÚQÍ QÆ_»áêÅO>Ë WѨÙ_»∞ K≥ѨÊÉ’ÜÕ∞ q^èŒOQÍ h\˜x „`åy`Õ
=∞Ozk.
h\˜x „`åˆQ q^è•#O :
1) L^ŒÜ«∞O x„^ŒÖËz# ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ô \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u<Õ Ö’Ñ¨Ù 2.5–3 b@~°¡ h~°∞#∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∂=¸ÖË. U HÍÅ"≥∞ÿ<å D ~°HõOQÍ „`åy# h~°∞
â◊s~åxfl â◊√kúKÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ `«Ñ¨Êxã¨i.
2) \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« J~° b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÍe.
3) WOHÀ J~°QÆO@ QÆ_çKåHõ WOHÀ J~°b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÍe.
4) WÖÏ Éè’[<åxH˜ J~°QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞ =~°‰õÄ JOK≥ÅOK≥Å∞QÍ Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯= h\˜x „`åQÍe. WÖÏ „`åy`Õ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 1.5–2
b@~°¡ =~°‰õΩ J=Ù`å~Ú. WÖÏ „`åy# h~°∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O 11 QÆO@Å #∞O_ô =∞^蕺ǨÏflO 3 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ (j`åHÍÅO, K«eHÍÅOÖ’)
â◊s~åxfl ZO_»#∞O_ç HÍáê_»∞`«∂ =¸„`«O „Ѷ‘QÍ =KÕÛ@∞¡ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. J^Õ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ J~Ú`Õ \˜Ñ¶≤<£ u#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å#∞O_ç,
Éè’[<åxH˜ J~°QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞ =~°‰õΩ 1 b@~°∞, XHõ\˜ ÖË^• Ô~O_»∞ ^Œá¶êÅ∞QÍ „`åQÆ∞`å=Ú. WÖÏ 11 QÆOIIÅ #∞O_ç 3 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ
ÉÏQÍ ZO_»Ö’ ѨxKÕã¨∂Î L<åfl ÖË^• u~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ L<åfl WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ ‰õÄ_® „`åQÆ=K«∞Û.
5) =∞^蕺ǨÏflO Éè’[#O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å #∞O_ç =∞~°ÖÏ h\˜x ÃÑ·# „`åy# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ<Õ J~°QÆO@‰õΩ J~°b@~°∞ K˘Ñ¨C#
JOK≥ÅOK≥Å∞QÍ Z‰õΩ¯= ™ê~°∞¡ (3, 4 ™ê~°∞¡) – JO>Ë 2 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åy`Õ Jq ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 6.30–7 QÆO@Å =~°‰õΩ â◊s~åxfl
֒ѨŠ|Ü«∞@ ‰õÄ_® ZO_»‰õΩ W|ƒOk ~å‰õΩO_® HÍáê_»QÆÅ^Œ∞.
6) ~å„u Éè’[#O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å #∞O_ç K«e, =~å¬HÍÖÏÖ’¡ XHõ QÍ¡ã¨∞ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ ~å„uH˜ =¸„`«O W|ƒOk =zÛ x„^Œ
ÖË==Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎO^Œx J~°QÍ¡ã¨∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ „`åQÆ=∞x K≥|∞`å=Ú. "Õã¨qHÍÅOÖ’ J~Ú`Õ D ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ XHõ\˜ ÖË^• Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å
h~°∞ „`åy`Õ â◊s~åxH˜ =∞Ozk. =¸„`«O ~å^Œ∞. x„^Œ‰õΩ P@OHõO LO_»^Œ∞.
7) D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=Åã≤# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ hà◊§ |^Œ∞Å∞, Ѩà◊§ ~°™êÅ∞ QÍx, =∞l˚QÆ QÍx, ‰õÄÖò„_çOH±û QÍx JOk¿ãΖJO^Œ∞Ö’
L#fl h~°∞, P ~°™êÅ∞ r~°‚O JÜÕ∞º =~°‰õΩ =∞# LѨÜ≥∂QÍxH˜ ~å^Œ∞. Jq „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ZO_»#∞O_ç =∞# â◊s~åxfl "≥O@<Õ
HÍáê_»ÖË=Ú.
ZO_®HÍÅO â◊s~åxfl ZO_»#∞O_ç ~°H˜∆OK«_®xH˜ h\˜H˜ hˆ~ ™ê\˜ `«Ñ¨Ê =∞i U W`«~° ~°™êÅ∞QÍh, =∞l˚QÆ QÍh H˘|ƒi hà◊√§ QÍx
™ê\˜~å=Ù. q∞QÆ`åHÍÖÏÖ’¡ ÖË^• ZO_»Ö’ uiy#ѨÙ_»∞ hà◊§|^Œ∞Å∞ =∞^蕺ǨÏflO â◊s~å=ã¨~åÅ#∞ f~°Û_®xH˜ "Õ~ˆ q Uq∞ "å_ç<å JO`« #+¨=ì ÚO_»^∞Œ
HÍx, "Õã¨qHÍÅO =∂„`«O hˆ~ JOk¿ãÎ Jxfl q^è•ÖÏ ÖÏÉèíO LO@∞O^Œx „QÆÇ≤ÏOz, JÖÏ „`åy â◊s~åxfl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ áêÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_®
LOK«∞‰õΩO\Ï~°x Ptã¨∞<Î åfl#∞.
 h\˜`À zH˜`«ûÅ∞
=∞#O WѨÊ\˜=~°‰õΩ h~°∞#∞ ֒ѨʼnõΩ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë =KÕÛ ÖÏÉèÏxfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl>Ë¡ h\˜x ÃÑ·H˜ LѨÜ≥∂yOK«∞‰õΩO@∂ ZÖÏO\˜ Ѷ¨e`åÅ#∞
á⁄O^Œ=KÀÛ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. x`«º rq`«OÖ’ ZѨC_»∂ U^À XHõ W|ƒOk =∞# WO\˜Ö’ Z=iHÀ =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. Y~°∞ÛÖËx h\˜`À
â◊s~åxH˜ ÃÑ·H˜ KÕ¿ã "≥·^ŒºO ^•fi~å =KÕÛ ÖÏÉèÏÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ#ѨC_»∞ PK«iOK«_»O =∞Ozk. WѨC_»∞ K≥ѨÊÉ’ÜÕ∞ h\˜ zH˜`«ûÅ
=Å# LO>Ë ÖÏÉè"í ∞Õ `«Ñʨ #+¨=ì ∞#flk LO_»^∞Œ , ~å^Œ∞. g∞ WO\’¡ L#fl "å\˜`À g∞~°∞ `ÕeQÍæ KÕã∞¨ HÀ`«QqæÆ <Õ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*˿㠄ѨÜ∞« `«flO KÕ™êÎ#∞.
h\˜`À zH˜`«ûÅ∞ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ∞. "Õ_ç h\˜`À KÕ¿ã zH˜`«ûÅ∞, K«Å¡x h\˜`À KÕ¿ã zH˜`«ûÅ∞. D Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ zH˜`«ûÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î LO>Ë U
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ZÖÏ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú, ZÖÏ KÕÜ«∂e J#flk XH˘¯Hõ¯ ^•x QÆ∞iOz q=~°OQÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú. h\˜`À xO_çÜ«Ú#fl â◊s~åxH˜
h\˜`À KÕ¿ã zH˜`«ûÅ∞ x[OQÍ Q˘Ñ¨Êq. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ K«Å¡^Œ<åxH˜, "≥K«Û^Œ<åxH˜ â◊s~°O Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍ ã¨ÊOkã¨∞ÎO^À `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•=Ú.
K«Å¡x h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O : K«~å‡xH˜ Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ ã‘fiHÍ~° QÆ∞}ÏÅ∞ (iÃãѨì~üû) L<åfl~Ú. "Õ_çx ã‘fiHõiOKÕ QÆ∞}O =∞iÜ«Ú K«ex ã‘fiHõiOKÕ
QÆ∞}O. "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ "Õ_çx `≥e¿Ñq, K«ex `≥e¿Ñ iÃãѨì~üÅ∞ "Õ~°∞ "Õ~°∞ ã¨OYºÖ’¡ LO\Ï~Ú. "≥Ú`«ÎO g∞^Œ "Õ_çx ã‘fiHõiOKÕ "å\˜ HõO>Ë
K«Å^¡ <Œ åxfl ã‘fiHõiOKÕ iÃãÑì̈~ˆ ¡ 15 âß`«O Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO\Ï~Ú. K«~‡° OÖ’ L#fl LëÈ‚„QÆ`#« ∞ `≥e¿Ñ Hõ}ÏÅ∞ #~åÅ ^•fi~å "≥∞^Œ_∞» ‰õΩ ã¨OHˆ `åÅ#∞
JOk™êÎ~Ú. K«Å¡^Œ<åxfl ã‘fiHõiOKÕq K«~°‡OÖ’ JkèHõOQÍ L#fl =¸ÖÏ# "å\˜ ^•fi~å L`«ÊuÎ JÜÕ∞º HõÔ~O@∞ÖÏO\˜ â◊H˜Î Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok.
P â◊H˜Î "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’x ÃÇ·ÏáÈ^ä•Å=∞ãπ‰õΩ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. JHõ¯_» â◊s~° LëÈ‚„QÆ`«#∞ xÜ«∞O„uOKÕ ÉèÏQÆO LO@∞Ok. K«Å¡x h\˜`À K«~å‡xH˜ zH˜`«ûÅ∞
KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ [iˆQ =∂~°∞Ê#∞ QÆ=∞x^•ÌO. K«~°‡OÖ’ L#fl ~°HõÎO HÍ~°}OQÍ K«~°‡O "Õ_çQÍ LO@∞Ok. K«~å‡xfl K«Å¡x h\˜`À `«_çÑ≤#ѨC_»∞,
K«~°‡OÖ’ L#fl ~°HõÎO K«Å¡^Œ<åxH˜ QÆ∞i J~Úº H˘kÌQÍ K«Å¡|_»∞`«∞Ok. K«Å¡^Œ#O ^•fi~å L`«Ê#fl=∞ÜÕ∞º HõÔ~O@∞ÖÏO\˜ â◊H˜Î =∞iÜ«Ú H˘kÌQÍ
K«Å¡|_»¤ ~°HõÎO Ô~O_»∂ Hõeã≤ LëÈ‚„QÆ`«#∞ xÜ«∞O„uOKÕ ÉèÏQÍxH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. P K«Å¡^Œ#O #∞O_ç â◊s~åxfl HÍáê_»_»O H˘~°‰õΩ "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’x
ÉèÏQÆO #~åÅ =º=ã¨÷#∞, K«ex Z^Œ∞~À¯=_®xH˜ ã≤^ŒúO KÕã¨∞ÎOk. "≥O@<Õ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç WOHÍ K«Å¡^Œ#O K«~å‡xH˜ ÃÑ~°QƉõΩO_® HÍáê_»_®xH˜
„Ѩܫ∞uflã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O K«~å‡xfl `«_»Ñ¨_»O „áê~°OaèOz# ^ŒQÆæ~°#∞O_ô J~°x=Ú+¨=Ú Ö’Ñ¨ÙÖ’<Õ "≥∞^Œ_»∞#∞O_ç ã¨OˆH`åÅ∞ #~åÅ ^•fi~å
K«~å‡xH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. JѨÊ\˜#∞O_ô K«Å¡^Œ#O ^•fi~å K«~°‡O ^≥|ƒu#‰õΩO_® Z^Œ∞~˘¯O@∞Ok.
1. K«Å¡^Œ<åxH˜ K«~°‡O aQÆ∞ã¨∞H˘x áÈ~Ú K«~°‡ Ѩi=∂}O H˘kÌQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
2. K«~°‡OÖ’ ã≤~°Å∞, ^èŒ=∞#∞Å∞ (P~°ìsãπ–"Õ<£û) Ô~O_»∂ Hõe¿ã KÀ@ ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ =¸ã¨∞H˘x áÈ`å~Ú. K«~å‡xH˜ WOHÍ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}
[~°∞QƉõΩO_® KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ D q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ<åflQÆO "≥∞^Œ_»∞Ö’x ÉèÏQÆO KÕѨ_»∞`«∞Ok.
3. `«_zç # ^ŒQ~æÆ ° K«~å‡x‰õΩ#fl ã¨∂Hõ‡∆ "≥∞#ÿ ~°H<Îõ åàÏÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® =¸ã¨∞H˘xáÈ~Ú, P ÉèÏQÆO K«~å‡xH˜ ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ }
° [~°∞QƉΩõ O_® PyáÈ`«∞Ok.
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ PQÆ_»O =Å# K«~å‡x‰õΩ#fl K«Å¡^Œ#O ~°HÍÎxH˜ KÕ~°^Œ∞. JѨÊ\˜#∞O_ô =∞#‰õΩ K«e JxÑ≤OK«^Œ∞.
=∞#O K«hfl\˜`À ™êfl#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ K≥O|∞Å∞ áÈã¨∞‰õΩ#flѨC_»∞ K«eQÍ LO@∞Ok. =ÚO^Œ∞ áÈã¨∞‰õΩ#fl P
h\˜ =Å# K«~°‡OÖ’ L#fl ~°HõÎO H˘kÌQÍ K«Å¡|_»@O =Å# JÖÏ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. <åÅ∞QÆ= K≥O|∞ áÈã¨∞H˘<Õ@ѨÊ\˜H˜ "≥∞^Œ_»∞ #∞O_ç P[˝Å∞
K«~å‡xH˜ =zÛ KÕ~°`å~Ú. ÃÑ·# K≥ѨC‰õΩ#fl =¸_»∞ ~°HÍÅ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ K«~°‡OÖ’ "≥O@<Õ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ =∞#‰õΩ <åÅ∞QÀ, J~Ú^À
K≥O|∞ áÈã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ@ѨÊ\˜H˜ K«e JxÑ≤OK«HõáÈ=_®xH˜ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# =¸_»∞ =∂~°∞ÊÖË HÍ~°}O.
=ÚO^Œ∞ [iy# K«Å¡x K«~°º‰õΩ „ѨuK«~°ºQÍ F ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ~°™êÜ«∞# Ѩ^•~°÷O â◊s~°OÖ’ q_»∞^ŒÅ J=Ù`«∞Ok. P ~°™êÜ«∞# Ѩ^•~°÷O
HÍ~°}OQÍ =¸ã¨∞H˘xáÈ~Ú# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ (ã¨OHÀzOz#q) =∞~°ÖÏ "åºHÀzOz Z‰õΩ¯=âß`«O ~°HõÎO (=Ú#∞Ѩ\˜ HõO>Ë) ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’xH˜,
Ju ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’xH˜ „Ѩ"ÕtOK«_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =ÚO^Œ∞ `«_çÑ≤#ѨC_»∞ K«~å‡x‰õΩ#fl ~°HõÎO JO`å ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥à◊§_»O K«~°º
(Ü«∂Hõ∆<£) J~Ú`Õ, H˘kÌ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O `«~°∞"å`« â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠ#∞O_ç Z‰õΩ¯= ~°HõÎO K«~å‡xH˜ uiy ~å=_®xfl „ѨuK«~°º (iÜ«∂Hõ∆<£) JO\Ï~°∞.
WHõ¯_» K«~°º HõO>Ë „ѨuK«~°º Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#flk. =∞#O XHõ =∂@ JO>Ë Z^Œ∞\˜"å~°∞ =∞#efl Ô~O_»∞ JO\Ï~°∞. =∞#O XHõ ^≥|ƒ"Õ¿ãÎ Z^Œ∞\˜"å~°∞
=∞#efl Ô~O_»∞ "Õ™êÎ~°∞, J^Œ#fl=∂@ Jã¨Å∞ Hõ^äŒ. =∞#O KÕã≤#>Ë¡ =∞# â◊s~°O ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= ~°HÍÎxfl K«~å‡xH˜ ѨOÑ≤ã¨∞Î#flk. K«Å¡|_»¤ K«~å‡xfl
"Õ_ç KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ#fl Z‰õΩ¯= ~°HõÎO JO`å Z‰õΩ¯=¿ãѨ٠K«~°‡OÖ’<Õ LO_çáÈ`«∞Ok. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ =∞#O K«hfl\˜ ™êfl#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞
=∞^茺֒ #∞O_ç â◊s~°O "≥∞Å¡QÍ "Õ_≥Hõ¯_»O QÆ=∞x™êÎ=Ú. ™êfl#O ѨÓiÎ JÜ«∂ºHõ â◊s~°O WOHÍ "≥K«ÛQÍ L#fl@∞¡ JxÑ≤OK«_®xH˜ K«~å‡xH˜ KÕi
L#fl Z‰õΩ¯= ~°H"Îõ ∞Õ HÍ~°}O. =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÅÌ ∞ Éè’[#O KÕã#≤ `«~∞° "å`« ™êfl#O KÕÜ∞« ‰õÄ_»^xŒ K≥Ñʨ _»OÖ’ L#fl PO`«~º° O Uq∞@O>Ë =∞#O u#fl
Éè’[<åxfl r~°‚O KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ á⁄@ì‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ#fl ~°HõÎO JO`å ™êfl#O =Å# uiy K«~å‡xH˜ KÕi Z‰õΩ¯=¿ãѨ٠LO_çáÈ`«∞Ok. ^•x=Å#
r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ PÅ㨺O J=Ù`«∞O^Œx ÖË^• ã¨iQÍ J=fi^Œx ^•x J~°÷O.
h\˜`À K«Å¡|i¿ãÎ P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ ÃÑ·# K≥ѨC‰õΩ#fl q^èŒOQÍ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. K«~°‡O ZHõ¯_» K«Å¡|i¿ãÎ JHõ¯_Õ H͉õΩO_®, P „ѨHõ¯
â◊s~° ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ L#fl q∞QÆ`å J=Ü«∞"åʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ } ° Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. â◊s~°O ֒ѨŠÉèÏQÍÅ~Ú# QÆ∞O_≥, H˜_flô Å∞, TÑ≤iu`«∞ÅÎ ∞,
"≥∞^Œ_∞» , Q˘O`«∞, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ "≥ÚII#q. P K«Åx¡ zH˜`û« Å∞ U „ѨH¯õ KÕ¿ãÎ P „ѨH¯õ L#fl ÃÑ· J=Ü«∞"åʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ } ° [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
K«hfl\` ˜ À KÕ¿ã zH˜`û« Å ^•fi~å =∞#O â◊s~°OÖ’x U ÉèÏQÍxH˜ ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ } ° ÃÑOK«∞HÀ"åÅ<åfl J=HÍâ◊=ÚO@∞Ok. âßs~°H„õ â◊=∞ KÕÜ∞« x "å~°O^ŒiH©
K«~å‡xH˜, q∞QÆ`å ÉèÏQÍʼnõΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ `«‰õΩ¯= =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’<Õ =Úã¨e`«#O =zÛ#@∞¡,
Ug∞ ѨxKÕÜ∞« ÖË#@∞¡, J=Ü«∞"åÅ∞ Ѩ@∞ì `«ÑC¨ `«∞#fl@∞¡ LO\Ï~Ú. =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’x Jxfl J=Ü«∞"åʼnõΩ, ÉèÏQÍʼnõΩ PǨ~åxfl "≥∂ã¨∞H˘x"≥à§ı k,
=∞~°ÖÏ K≥_»∞#∞ "å\˜ #∞O_ç uiy qã¨~°̊HÍ=Ü«∞"åʼnõΩ "≥∂ã¨∞H˘x =KÕÛk ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}Ë (~°HõÎ"Õ∞). ~°HõÎOÖ’ QÍe, h~°∞, PǨ~°O Hõeã≤ „Ѩܫ∂}˜ã¨∂Î
LO\Ï~Ú. U ÉèÏQÍxH˜ J~Ú`Õ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} 㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ LO_»^À P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ QÍe („áê}â◊H˜Î), h~°∞, PǨ~°O ã¨iQÍ JO^Œ=Ù. ÃÑ·QÍ
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ã¨iQÍ ÖËx HÍ~°}OQÍ ~°HõÎO u~°∞QÆ∞ „Ѩܫ∂}OÖ’ Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ L#fl K≥_»∞, qã¨~°˚Hõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞ "≥∂ã¨∞H˘x =KÕÛ Ñ¨x ‰õÄ_®
㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ [~°∞QÆ^Œ∞. =∞#O =¸_»∞ ѨÓ@ÖÏ =∞Oz PǨ~åxfl u#flѨÊ\˜H©, P PǨ~°OÖ’ L#fl áÈ+¨Hõ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ~°HõÎOÖ’ Hõeã≤#ѨÊ\˜H©,
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} =∞O^ŒH˘_çQÍ (ã¨iQÍ ÖËHõ) ™êˆQ"åiH˜ „ѨÜ≥∂[#O `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. Ѩx KÕã¨∞H˘<Õ "åiH˜ u#flk H˘kÌQÍ J~Ú<å Jk
Hõ}ÏʼnõΩ ѨÓiÎQÍ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ "åiH˜ ~ÀQÍÅ∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. J"≥∞iHÍ "å~°∞ =∞Oz áÈ+¨HÍǨ~°O u#flѨÊ\˜H© Z‰õΩ¯=
~ÀQÍÅ∞ ~å=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O ã¨Ô~·# "åºÜ«∂=∞O ÖËHõ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} 㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ [~°QÆ#O^Œ∞=ÖË¡. ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}#∞ ÃÑOK«_®xH˜ U ~°Hõ"≥∞ÿ# =∞O^Œ∞Å∂
ÖË=Ù, ѨxKÕÜ«∞=Ù. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ =∞O^Œ∞eKÕÛ _®Hõì~°∞¡ ‰õÄ_® #_»=O_ç, "åºÜ«∂=∞O KÕÜ«∞O_ç Jx K≥ѨÊ_»O. ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ֒ѨO HÍ~°}OQÍ
â◊s~°OÖ’ L#fl J=Ü«∞"åŠѨx`«#O ÉÏQÍ ^≥|ƒuO@∞Ok. =∞#O Éè’[<åxfl ã¨iѨ_® u#HõáÈ`Õ ZO`« h~°ã¨OQÍ LO\Ï"≥∂ JÖψQ ֒Ѩe
ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ PǨ~°O ã¨iQÍ JO^ŒHõ (~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÖËHõ) â◊H˜ÎÇ‘Ï#OQÍ LO_ç "å\˜ Ѩx`«<åxfl HÀÖ’Ê`«∞O\Ï~Ú. P HÍ~°}OQÍ =KÕÛ ~ÀQÍÅ#∞ U
q^èŒOQÍ x"å~°} KÕ¿ãÎ `«QÆ∞æ`åÜ«∞#flk PÖ’zOKåe. á⁄@ìxO_® u#_»O =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ q∞OQÆ_»O =~°ˆH =∞x+≤ PÖ’zã¨∞Î<åfl_»∞ QÍh =zÛ#
~ÀQÆO ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕÜ«∞_»O ÖË^Œ∞. =∂#=*ÏuH˜ ~ÀQÍÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î ^˘~°HõHõ áÈ=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ W"Õ.
=∞# ѨÓsfi‰õΩÅ∞, |∞∞+¨µÅ∞ â◊s~åxH˜ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ^ÀëêÅ∞ ~å‰õΩO_® KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ H˘xfl Ѩ^Œú`«∞Å#∞ PKå~° =º=Ǩ~åÅÖ’ Wq∞_çÛ,
"å\˜x x`«ºO ^≥=· Ѩ~O° QÍ KÕÜ∞« =∞x K≥Ñʨ _»O [iyOk. D HÍÅѨÙ"åiH˜ J=hfl Kå^Œ™êÎÅ∞, =¸_è#» =∞‡HÍÅ∞QÍ HõxÑ≤ã∞¨ <Î åfl~Ú. P Ѩ^` úŒ ∞« Å#∞
PK«iOKÕ "åix qO`«QÍ K≥ÑC¨ H˘<Õ ~ÀAÖÁKåÛ~Ú. â◊s~åxH˜ ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ } ° H˘~°‰Ωõ "å~°∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì "å\˜Ö’ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ q, =∞_çH@
õ ∞ìH˘x `«_|ç @ìÅ`À
=O@Å∞, L^ŒÜ∞« O ÉÏq, HÍÅ∞= ÖË^• #kÖ’ K«hfl\` ˜ À ™êfl<åÅ∞, Éè’[<åÅH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞, `«~∞° "å`« HÍà◊√§ Hõ_∞» HÀ¯=_»O, |Ü«∞@#∞O_ç WO\’¡H˜
"≥àı§@ѨC_»∞ HÍà◊√§ Hõ_»∞HÀ¯=_»O, HÍsÎHõ ^èŒ#∞~凙êÅÖ’ `≥Å¡"å~°∞*Ï=Ú# HÍÅ∞= ÖË^• K≥~°∞=Ù ™êfl<åÅ∞, `«_ç =Å# HÍà◊√§ KÕ`«∞Å∞ ѨÙO_»∞¡
Ѩ_»‰õΩO_® Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠~åÜ«∞_»O, JѨC_»Ñ¨C_»∞ QÀiO\ωõΩ (ѨO_»QÆÅ ¿Ñ~°∞ K≥ѨCH˘x) ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O "≥ÚII#q. P_»"å~°∞ `«Å™êfl#O KÕã≤#
`«~°∞"å`« =∞#ÖÏQÍ á¶êº#∞¡H˜O^Œ #∞OKÀ‰õΩO_® QÆ∞_»¤#∞ `«Å‰õΩ =Ú_çÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O =Å# Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O K«Å¡^Œ#O `«Å‰õΩ, "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ JOk
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [iˆQ J=HÍâ◊O LO_Õk. JÖÏ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x ѨÓ[ ^ŒQÆæ~° ‰õÄ~ÀÛ=_»O =Å# =∞#ã¨∞û „ѨâßO`«OQÍ, Ǩ~ÚQÍ, xÅHõ_»QÍ
^≥·"å~å^èŒ#‰õΩ J#∞‰õÄÅOQÍ LO_Õk. "å@xflO\˜h ^Œ∂~°O KÕã¨∞H˘<Õ =∞#O D<å_»∞ _®Hõì~°¡‰õÄ, ~ÀQÍʼnõÄ ^ŒQÆæ~°=Ù`«∞<åfl=Ú. S^Œ∞ ÃÑ·ã¨Å∞
Y~°∞Û ÖˉõΩO_® P~ÀQƺO =KÕÛ qÅ∞"≥·# P~ÀQƺã¨∂„`åÅ#∞ =∞x+≤ PK«iOK«ÖËHõáÈ=_»O JxflO\˜HõO>Ë ^Œ∞~°^Œ$+¨ìHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# q+¨Ü«∞O. DHÍÅѨÙ
ÃÑ^Œ"Ì åà◊‰¡ Ωõ ѨÓ~°fiѨ٠PKå~åÅ qÅ∞=Å∞, „ѨÜ∂≥ [<åÅ∞ Ug∞ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ<Õ K≥áêÊe. "å~°∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x WÖÏO\˜q Ñ≤#flʼnõΩ K≥a`Õ "å\˜ LѨÜ∂≥ QÆO,
J~°÷O ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ <å@∞`«∞Ok. JѨC_Õ ã¨=∂[OÖ’ WÖÏO\˜ =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞¡ áȉõΩO_® =ÚO^Œ∞ `«~åÅ"åiH˜ JO^Õ q^èŒOQÍ LO\Ï~Ú. JÖψQ
K«hfl\˜ ™êfl<åÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ KÕÜ«∞_»O =Å# (Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡) =∞# ѨÓsfi‰õΩʼnõΩ WOHÀ =∞Oz „ѨÜ≥∂[#O ‰õÄ_® [iˆQk. Jk â◊s~°O
|~°∞=Ù ÃÑ~°QÆHõáÈ=_»O. g∞‰õΩ D =∂@ qO>Ë Pâ◊Û~°ºOQÍ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk QÆ^Œ∂! K«Å¡xh~°∞ áÈã¨∞H˘O>Ë |~°∞=Ù `«QÆæ_»O Uq∞@x qO`«QÍ
LO^•? x[=∞O_ç, J^Õ ã¨$+≤ì ~°Ç¨Ï㨺O. â◊s~°OÖ’x ~°HõÎO QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ LO@∞Ok. K«Å¡x h~°∞#∞ =∞#O QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë H˘O`«
H˜~Àã≤<£ QÍh, Qͺã¨∞QÍh Y~°∞Û J=Ù`«∞Ok. J^Õ =∞#O K«Å¡x h\˜`À `«ÖÏ~å ™êfl#O KÕã¨∞Î#flѨC_»∞ K«Å¡|_»¤ K«~å‡#flO`«\˜x "Õ_ç KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜
(~°HÍÎx‰õΩ#fl "Õ_ç=~°‰õΩ) =∞#Ö’x â◊H˜Î ÖË^• ˆHÅsÅ∞ Y~°∞Û J=Ù`å~Ú (Qͺã¨∞ ÖÏQÍ Y~°∞Û). JO>Ë =∞#O u#fl PǨ~°O ^•fi~å =zÛ# â◊H˜Î ÖË^•
ˆHÅsÅ∞ D ~°∂ѨOÖ’ H˘xfl J^Œ#OQÍ Y~°∞Û J=Ù`å~Ú. `«^•fi~å ѨÓsfi‰õΩʼnõΩ â◊H˜Î H˘=ÙfiQÍ =∂ˆ~ J=HÍâ◊O `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õk. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ
HÍÅ∞=Ö’¡, K≥~°∞=ÙÖ’¡ J~°QÆO@ ™êfl#O KÕã≤# `«~°∞"å`« ÉÏQÍ PHõÖˇ‰õΩ¯= J=fi_»OÖ’x Jã¨Å∞ ~°Ç¨Ï㨺O. xÅ∞= L#fl â◊H˜Î P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
J~ÚáÈ`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì =∞#‰õΩ "≥O@<Õ ÉÏQÍ PHõÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O hà◊§Ö’ LO_Õ Ñ¨Öˇ¡HÍ~°∞¡ (*ÏÅ~°∞¡) ã¨#flQÍ LO@∂, Z‰õΩ¯=
PǨ~°O u#_®xH˜ HÍ~°}O J^Õ. "Õ_ç h~°∞ ™êfl#O KÕ¿ãÎ ~°HõÎO "Õ_çH˜ P h\˜ "Õ_ç ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì â◊s~°OÖ’x â◊H˜Î Y~°∞Û J=fi=Åã≤#
J=ã¨~°O ÖË^Œ∞. =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ ‰õΩO‰õΩ_»∞HÍÜ«∞Å`À `«Å™êfl#O KÕ¿ã ~ÀA `«Ñ¨Ê q∞QÆ`å Jxfl ~ÀAÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® K«Å¡x h\˜<Õ KÕÜ«∞_»O [iˆQk.
D ~ÀAÖ’¡ K«Å¡x h~°∞ Ѩ_»^Œ<Õ "å~°∞ #∂\˜H˜ 80 =∞Ok LO@∞<åfl~°∞. Jk ã¨Ô~·# =∂@ HÍ^Œ∞. K«Å¡x h\˜H˜ ^Œ∂~°O J=fi_»=∞O>Ë „ѨHõ$uH˜
^Œ∂~°O J~Ú#>Ë.¡ K«Åx¡ h\˜H˜ â◊s~åxfl JÅ"å@∞ KÕã,≤ h\˜`À zH˜`û« Å∞ ^•fi~å â◊s~° ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ }° , =∞Oz P~ÀQƺ=Ú =KÕÛ q^èOŒ QÍ `≥eÜ«∞*Ë¿ã"Õ
„ѨHõ$u "≥·^ŒºOÖ’x zH˜`«ûÅ∞.
"Õ_ç h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O : K«Å¡x h\˜ ^•fi~å â◊s~°O XHõ ~°HõOQÍ ã¨ÊOk¿ãÎ, "Õ_çh\˜H˜ â◊s~°O "Õˆ~ q^èŒOQÍ ã¨ÊOkã¨∞ÎOk. K«eH˜ ã¨OHÀzOK«∞H˘<Õ
QÆ∞}O LO>Ë, "Õ_çH˜ "åºHÀzOK«∞H˘<Õ QÆ∞}O LO@∞Ok. K«~å‡xfl K«Å¡|i¿ãÎ =ÚO^Œ∞ ã¨OHÀzOK«∞H˘x `«~°∞"å`« "åºHÀzOK«∞H˘O@∞Ok Jx
WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<åflO. WѨC_»∞ "Õ_ç ÃÑ_ç`Õ K«~°‡O U=∞=Ù`«∞O^À K«∂^•ÌO. K«~å‡xH˜ "Õ_ç `«ye# "≥O@<Õ P K«~°‡ÉèÏQÆOÖ’x
ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ "åºHÀz™êÎ~Ú. ^•x HÍ~°}OQÍ Ö’Ñ¨Å ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’ #∞O_ç ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= ~°HõÎO
„Ѩ"Õtã¨∞ÎOk. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ H˘kÌQÍ HÍe#ѨC_»∞ QÍh, "Õ_çh~°∞ QÍh "Õ_ç‰õÄ~°Å∞ QÍh g∞^ŒÑ¨_»¤Ñ¨C_»∞ P ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ K«~°‡O Z„~°QÍ HÍ=_»O
=∞#O QÆ=∞xã¨∂Î LO\Ï=Ú. ÃÑ·# K≥ѨC‰õΩ#fl =∂ˆ~Ê JѨC_»∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O "Õ_ç U „ѨHõ¯# ÃÑ_ç`Õ P „ѨHõ¯‰õΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# ֒Ѩe
J=Ü«∞"åÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}Ö’ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ ~å=_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O ~°HõÎO P q^èŒOQÍ "Õ_ç ÃÑ\˜ì# ÉèÏQÍxˆH ~å=_»O
[~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ~°HõÎO D q^èŒOQÍ ~å=_®xfl K«~°º (Ü«∂Hõ∆<£) JO\Ï~°∞. "Õ_ç =∞#O ÃÑ\˜ì#O`«¿ãѨ٠~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ "åºHÀzOK«∞H˘<Õ LO\Ï~Ú.
=zÛ# ~°HõÎO "≥#‰õΩ¯ "≥à◊§^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì =∞#‰õΩ "Õ_çÃÑ\˜ì# ^ŒQÆæ~° K≥=∞@ ~å=_»O „áê~°OÉèí=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯=
„áê}â◊H˜Î „Ѩ"ÕtOK«_»O =Å# K≥=∞@ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. K«~å‡xH˜ =zÛ# ~°HõÎO "≥#‰õΩ¯ "≥à◊§^Œ∞ HÍ|\˜ì "Õ_çh\˜H˜ „ѨuK«~°º (iÜ«∂Hõ∆<£)
LO_»^Œ∞. J^Õ K«Å¡x h\˜Hõ~Ú`Õ K«~°º, „ѨuK«~°º Ô~O_»∂ LO\Ï~Ú. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ "Õ_çh\˜H˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆO `«‰õΩ¯= LO@∞Ok. nx=Å# ZѨC_»∞
"Õ_çh\˜`À zH˜`«ûÅ∞ KÕã≤<å `«~°∞"å`« P ÉèÏQÍxfl K«hfl\˜`À =∞~°ÖÏ zH˜`«û KÕã≤ QÍh PѨ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞=Å#O>Ë "Õ_çH˜ "åºHÀzOz#
~°H<Îõ åàÏÅ∞, HõO_»~åÅ∞ uiy ã¨OHÀzOK«∞HÀ"åÅO>Ë K«Åx¡ h~°∞#∞ P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ LѨÜ∂≥ yOKåe. JѨC_»∞ K«Å^¡ <Œ åxH˜ P ÉèÏQÆO ã¨OHÀzOK«∞H˘x,
=∂=¸Å∞ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}‰õΩ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. K«Å¡x h\˜H˜ [iy#@∞¡ "Õ_çh\˜H˜ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞=Å¡<Õ "Õ_çh\˜
™êfl#O J~Úº# `«~°∞"å`« =∞#‰õΩ K«e JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. "Õ_çh\˜ ™êfl#O KÕ¿ã"åiH˜ K«~°‡O á⁄_çQÍ, ZO_çáÈ~Ú#@∞¡ `≥Å¡QÍ JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. "Õ_çh\˜x
"å_ç#ѨÊ\˜H© H˘kÌ¿ãѨ٠KÕÜ«∞QÍ<Õ =∞~°ÖÏ K«Å¡x h\˜`À KÕÜ«∞_»O „áê~°OaèOz, K«Å¡x h\˜`À<Õ ™êfl#O PÑ≤`Õ ^•x=Å# #+¨ìO LO_»^Œ∞.
™êfl#O D q^èŒOQÍ KÕÜ«∂ÅO>Ë =∞#ã¨∞û XѨCHÀ^Œ∞. "Õ_çh\˜x <åÅ∞QÆ∞ K≥O|∞Å∞ áÈã¨∞H˘x `«~°∞"å`« K«Å¡x h~°∞ "å_®ÅO>Ë =∞s K«eQÍ
JxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. JÖÏ KÕÜ«∞ÖË=Ú HÍ|\˜ì "Õ_çh\˜`À ZO`« ^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO>Ë JO`« =∞Oz^Œx =∂„`«O =∞~°∞=HõO_ç.
1. K«Å¡x h\˜`À áê^Œ™êfl#O : "≥_»ÖÏÊ\˜ ÉËã≤<£Ö’ ÖË^• `˘\˜ìÖ’ K«Å¡x h\˜x áÈÜ«∂e. =∞#O ‰õΩsÛÖ’ ‰õÄ~˘Ûx Ô~O_»∞ áê^•Å#∞
yÅHõÅ =~°‰õΩ JO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚOz Ü«ÚOKåe. P q^èŒOQÍ K«Å¡x h\˜Ö’ 12 #∞O_ç 15 x=ÚëêÅ =~°‰õÄ HÍà◊§#∞ LOKåe. =∞^茺 =∞^茺֒
ZѨC_»<åfl HÍà◊§`À h\˜x Hõ^Œ∞ѨÙ`«∂ LO_®e. P >ˇÿ=Ú J~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« HÍà◊§#∞ fã≤ Ѩk x=ÚëêÅ∞ J@∂ W@∂ #_»=_»"≥∂ ÖË^•
á⁄_çQÆ∞_»¤ ÃÑ\˜ì "Õ_ç =KÕÛ=~°‰õÄ áê^•Å#∞ ~°∞^ŒÌ_»O =∞Ozk. ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}#∞ =∞m§ "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ ѨOÑ≤OK«_»O H˘~°‰õΩ JÖÏ KÕÜ«∂e. JO`«HõO>Ë
Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨=∞Ü«∞O h\˜Ö’ LOK«~å^Œ∞. D K«Å¡x h\˜ áê^Œ™êfl#O =Å# `«ÅÖ’, KèåfÖ’ ~°HõÎѨ٠XuÎ_ç `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. á⁄@ì‰õΩ, TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎʼnõΩ
LѨÜ∂≥ QÆO`À áê@∞ HÍà◊§Ö’ JÅã¨`åfixfl `«yOæ K«_®xH˜, HÍà◊√§ Ñ‘‰Ωõ Å∞ JiHõ@_ì O» , „¿ÑQÆ∞Å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩx`«<åxfl "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞KÕÜ∞« _®xH˜ ѨxH˜=ã¨∞OÎ k.
JÖψQ HÍà◊√§ uq∞‡~°∞¡ ZˆH¯"åiH˜, ã¨Ê~°≈ `≥eÜ«∞x "åiH˜k „ѨÜ≥∂[#HÍi.
2. "Õ_çh\˜`À áê^Œ™êfl#O : "≥_»ÖÏÊ\˜ ÉËã≤<£Ö’ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Û\˜ h\˜x áÈã≤ JO^Œ∞Ö’ Ô~O_»∞ áê^•Å#∞ =ÚOKåe. =∂_»∞g∞^Œ H˘kÌQÍ
`«_»Ñ¨@O QÍh, `«_çQÆ∞_»¤QÍh "ÕÜ«∂e. <åÅ∞QÆ∞ x=ÚëêÅ∞ QÆ_çz# `«~°∞"å`« h\˜ "Õ_çx =∞#O ÉèíiOK«QÆey#O`« =~°‰õÄ ÃÑOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. P
q^èŒOQÍ XHõ\˜ Ô~O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ "Õ_çh\˜x HõÅ∞ѨÙH˘O@∂ 10 #∞O_ç 15 x=ÚëêÅ =~°‰õÄ áê^•Å#∞ ÉËã≤<£Ö’ LOKåe. áê^•Å#∞ fã≤ "Õã≤#
`«~°∞"å`« ÉËã≤<£Ö’ K«Å¡x h~°∞ áÈã≤ Ô~O_»∞ x=ÚëêÅ ¿ãѨ٠JO^Œ∞Ö’ LOK«_»O KÕÜ«∂e. ÖË^• 4, 5 K≥O|∞Å∞ K«Å¡x h\˜`À HÍà◊§#∞
Hõ_»∞HÀ¯"åe. "Õ_ç h\˜ áê^Œ™êfl#O =Å# QÆ∞O_≥ |~°∞=ÙQÍ L#fl"åiH˜, QÆ∞O_≥ <˘Ñ≤ÊQÍ L#fl"åiH˜ LѨÜ≥∂QÆO HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ~˘OѨÅ∞ L#fl
"åiH˜, Q˘O`«∞ ~˘OѨ L#fl "åiH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞ÎOk. HÍà◊§ <≥ѨCÅ#∞ `«yæOK«_»O H˘~°‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk. x„^Œ ã¨iQÍ Ñ¨@ìx "åiH˜ D
áê^Œ™êfl#O KÕã≤ Ѩ_»∞H˘O>Ë K«Hõ¯\˜ x„^ŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok.
3. "Õ_çh\˜, K«hfl\˜ áê^Œ™êfl<åÅ∞ : Ô~O_»∞ ÉËã≤#∞¡ „ѨHõ¯ „ѨHõ¯<Õ ÃÑ\Ïìe. XHõ ^•xÖ’ "Õ_ç h~°∞, Ô~O_»= ^•xÖ’ K«Å¡x h~°∞
áÈÜ«∂e. `«Åg∞^Œ `«_çQÆ∞_»¤ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x =ÚO^Œ∞ S^Œ∞ x=ÚëêÅ∞ "Õ_çh\˜Ö’ =ÚOz Ü«ÚOKåe. `«~°∞"å`« áê^•Å#∞ "Õ_çh\˜ #∞O_ç fã≤ XHõ
x=Ú+¨=Ú K«Åx¡ ÉËã<≤ Ö£ ’ =ÚOz Ü«ÚOKåe. `«~∞° "å`« =∞~°ÖÏ S^Œ∞ x=ÚëêÅ∞ "Õ_hç \˜Ö’ LOz, XHõ x=Ú+¨O K«Åx¡ h\˜Ö’ =ÚOKåe.
D q^èŒOQÍ WOH˘Hõ™êi KÕÜ«∂e. D q^èŒOQÍ =∂iÛ =∂iÛ KÕ¿ã ™êfl<åÅ =Å# HÍà◊§‰õΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. "Õ_çh\˜Ö’ ÃÑ\˜ì#
"≥O@<Õ HÍà◊§Ö’x ~°HõÎO JO`å áê^•Å‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. K«hfl\˜Ö’ =ÚOK«_»O =Å# áê^•ÅÖ’x ~°HõÎO JO`å uiy HÍà◊§ÃÑ·H˜ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok.
D q^èŒOQÍ ÃÑ·H© „H˜O^Œ‰õΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°QÆ_»O =Å# =¸ã¨∞H˘x áÈ~Ú# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ uiy ÉÏQÆÜÕ∞º J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok. ÉÏQÍ
uq∞‡~°∞¡, =∞_»=∞Å <≥ѨCÅ∞ L#fl"åiH˜ KåÖÏ ÉÏQÍ QÆ∞}Ïxfl W=fiQÆÅ^Œ∞. JÖψQ ZѨC_»∂ HÍà◊√§ K«Å¡|_Õ "å~°∞ JO>Ë HÍà◊√§ K«Å¡QÍ
LO_Õ"åiH˜ Wk KÕ¿ãÎ áê^•Å∞ "Õ_çQÍ J=Ù`å~Ú. ~°HõÎѨ٠XuÎ_ç Z‰õΩ¯= J~Úº =KÕÛ `«Å<≥ѨCÅ∞, #~åʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz =KÕÛ `«Å<≥ѨCÅ∞
nx^•fi~å `«QÆ∞æ=ÚYO Ѩ_»`å~Ú. â◊s~°O JÅã¨@QÍ L#flѨC_»∞ ^•xx `˘ÅyOK«_®xH˜, x„^ŒÑ¨@ì_®xH˜, HÍà◊§‰õΩ h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ì#ѨC_»∞ h~°∞
`«QÆæ_®xH˜ D q^è•#O ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
4. KÕuH˜ zH˜`«ûÅ∞ : y<≥flÖ’ K«Å¡x h~°∞ áÈã≤ Z_»=∞ KÕux QÆ∞uÎ=~°‰õÄ JO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚOz 10 #∞O_ç 15 xIIÅ∞ =~°‰õÄ LOz`Õ
QÆ∞O_≥‰õΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. QÆ∞O_≥‰õΩ ~°HÍÎxfl JOkOKÕ Hõ~À#s P~°ìsÅ∞ „ѨÉèÏq`«O J~Úº Z‰õΩ¯= ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} QÆ∞O_≥‰õΩ
JOkOz QÆ∞O_≥ <≥ѨCÅ∞ ~å‰õΩO_® HÍáê_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. J^Õ ‰õΩ_çKÕux "Õ_çh\˜`À HÍѨ_»O QÍh, "Õ_çh\˜Ö’ QÍh =ÚOK«_»O KÕ¿ãÎ #∞k\˜ g∞^Œ
"Õ_≥Hõ¯_»O, K«~°‡O "Õ_≥Hõ¯_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
5. HÍѨ_®Å∞ ("Õ_ç ÃÑ@ì_O» ) : U ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ <≥ÑÊ≤ Ü«Ú<åfl ÖË^• U ÉèÏQÆOÖ’ ~°H„Îõ Ѩã~¨ }° ÃÑOK«∞HÀ"åÅ<åfl D HÍѨ_®Å∞ LѨÜ∂≥ y™êÎ~Ú.
U ÉèÏQÆO ^ŒQÆæÔ~·`Õ =∞#O HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åÅ#∞‰õΩO\Ï"≥∂, =ÚO^Œ∞ P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ H˘kÌQÍ #∞=ÙfiÅ #∂<≥#∞ =∞~°ú<å KÕã¨∞HÀ"åe. P q^èŒOQÍ
=∞~°ú# 10 x=ÚëêÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞_»O =∞Ozk. =∞#O ÃÑ>Ëì "Õ_ç =Å# K«~°‡O ^≥|ƒu#‰õΩO_® LO_»_®xH˜ #∂<≥#∞ ~åÜ«∂ÅO@∞<åfl=Ú. `«~°∞"å`«
=∞iyOz# hà◊§#∞ y<≥flÖ’xH˜ fã¨∞H˘x, QÆ∞_»x¤ P h\˜Ö’ =ÚOz P h\˜x Ñ≤O_ç"ãÕ ,≤ P QÆ∞_»Ü ¤ Ú≥ Hõ¯ "Õ_xç =∞#O J#∞‰õΩ#flKÀ@ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åe.
"Õ_ç h\˜ ÉϺQ∑Å∞ L<åfl, JO^Œ∞Ö’ "Õ_ç h\˜x áÈã¨∞H˘x HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û. HÍѨ_®xfl Z‰õΩ¯= "Õ_ç`À ÃÑ\ì̃#ѨC_»∞ 10 xIIÅ∞ q∞Oz ÃÑ@ì~å^Œ∞.
J^Õ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜`À J~Ú`Õ 15–20 xIIÅ =~°‰õÄ ÃÑ@ì=K«∞Û. HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ =∞# =∞#ã¨∞û HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ@∞ìH˘<Õ ÉèÏQÆO g∞^Õ ÅQÆflO
KÕÜ«∂e. H˘kÌ H˘kÌQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#fl@∞¡ TÇ≤ÏOKåe. HõO_»~åÅÖ’, *Ï~ÚO@¡Ö’ <˘Ñ≤Ê L#flѨC_»∞ "Õ_çÃÑ@ì_»O =Å# P ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ "Õ_çH˜ „ѨÉèÏq`«O
J~Úº aQÆѨ@ì_»O, <˘Ñ≤Ê ÉÏQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜`À Z‰õΩ¯=¿ãѨ٠HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ@ì_»O =Å# HõO_»~åÅ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ÉÏQÍ ã¨~°∞ÌH˘x
HõO_»~åʼnõΩ =∞`«∞Î HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. á⁄@ìÖ’ <˘Ñ≤Ê, á⁄@ìÖ’ Qͺã¨∞, „¿ÑQÆ∞Å∞ "≥∞euѨÊ_»O L#flѨC_»∞ "Õ_çh\˜ HÍѨ_»O á⁄@ìg∞^Œ KÕã≤ ֒ѨʼnõΩ
"Õ_hç ~°∞#∞ „`åy`Õ Jq ã¨~∞° ‰Ì Ωõ O\Ï~Ú. á⁄@ì g∞^Œ "Õ_Ãç Ñ@ì_O» ^•fi~å „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’x Hõ^eŒ HõÅ∞ `«Q∞Æ `
æ å~Ú. „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’x r~å‚k~°™êÅ#∞ (Qͺ¢ã≤Hì ±
EºÃããπ) "Õ_çHÍѨ_»O `«yæã¨∞ÎOk. á⁄@ìÖ’ e=~°∞ ÉèÏQÆO g∞^Œ "Õ_çHÍѨ_®Å∞ ÃÑ@ì_»O ^•fi~å e=~°∞‰õΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÃÑiy e=~°∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩxf~°∞
"≥∞~°∞QÆ=Ù`«∞Ok. H©à◊§Ö’, "≥∂HÍà◊§Ö’ <≥ѨCÅ∞#fl "å~°∞ "Õ_ç ÃÑ@ì_»O =Å# =ÚO^Œ∞ H˘kÌ LѨâ◊=∞#O LO@∞Ok. 10 xIIÅ∞ q∞Oz "Õ_ç
ÃÑ@ì~å^Œ∞. =∞#O ÃÑ>Ëì "Õ_ç H©à◊§Ö’xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= "≥à◊§ÖË^Œ∞. D "Õ_ç HÍ~°}OQÍ H©à◊§Ö’x "Õ_ç `«ˆQæ (W<£„\Ï Piì‰õĺÅ~ü >ˇOѨˆ~K«~ü)
J=HÍâ◊=ÚO@∞Ok. `«~°∞"å`« "≥O@<Õ H©à◊§‰õΩ K«Å¡\˜ `«_çQÆ∞_»¤Å∞ K«∞\Ïìe. nx^•fi~å H©à◊§Ö’ "Õ_ç ÉÏQÍ L`«Ê#fl=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. U ÉèÏQÆOÖ’
"Õ_çh\˜ HÍѨ_®xfl ÃÑ\˜ì#ѨÊ\˜H©, P ÉèÏQÍxfl `«~°∞"å`« K«Å¡x h\˜`À QÍh, QÆ∞_»¤Å∞ QÍh "ÕÜ«∂e. P K«Å¡x QÆ∞_»¤#∞ 10–15 xIIÅ =~°‰õΩ
LOK«=K«∞Û. =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ Ѩ\©ì"Õã≤# „áêO`«OÖ’ LOz, JHõ¯_» [iˆQ =∂~°∞ÊÅ#∞ QÆ=∞xã¨∂Î ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [iˆQ q^èŒOQÍ PÖ’zOKåe.
6. `«_çHõ@∞¡ : <≥ѨCÅ∞#fl "å~°∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ HÍѨ_»O ÃÑ\˜ì# `«~°∞"å`« P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ D `«_çHõ@∞¡ "ÕÜ«∂e. "≥∞`«Îx HÍ@#∞ QÆ∞_»¤#∞ K«Å¡x
h\˜`À `«_çÑ≤ P ÉèÏQÍxfl D QÆ∞_»¤ÃÑ\˜ì ÖË^• K«∞\˜ì ÃÑ·# WOH˘Hõ h\˜x Ñ‘Å∞ÛHÀx á⁄_çQÆ∞_»¤#∞ K«∞\˜ì"ÕÜ«∂e. P `«_çHõ@∞ìg∞^Œ QÍe P_»‰õΩO_®
á⁄_çQÆ∞_»¤#∞ K«∞\˜ì"ÕÜ«∂e. nx^•fi~å P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. [fi~°O =zÛ#ѨC_»∞ á⁄@ì‰õΩ HÍѨ_»O ÖˉõΩO_® `«_çHõ@∞ì"Õ¿ãÎ
"≥O@<Õ K≥=∞@ Ѩ>Ëì J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok. K«e`«ˆQæ J=HÍâ◊=ÚO@∞Ok. <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ÖˉõΩO_® ˆH=ÅO ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}#∞ ÃÑOK«_®xÔH·`Õ P ÉèÏQÍxH˜
`«_çQÆ∞_»¤ "ÕÜ«∞_»O =Å# LѨÜ≥∂QÆO LO@∞Ok. D q^èŒOQÍ U ÉèÏQÍxH˜ `«_çHõ@∞¡ "Õ¿ãÎ P ÉèÏQÍxH˜ "≥O@<Õ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
15–20 xIIÅ =~°‰õÄ LOK«=K«∞Û.
7. `˘\˜ì ™êfl<åÅ∞ : WO^Œ∞Ö’ =¸_»∞, <åÅ∞QÆ∞ ~°HÍÅ `˘\ì̃ ™êfl<åÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. "Õ_çh\˜x, K«Å¡x h\˜x‰õÄ_® `˘\ì̃™êfl<åxH˜
"å_»`å~°∞.
QÆ∞O„_»x `˘\˜ìÖ’ K«Å¡x h~°∞#∞ áÈã≤ JO^Œ∞Ö’ HÍà◊√§ |Ü«∞@ÃÑ\˜ì ‰õÄ~ÀÛ"åe. `˘_»Å^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç ÉÁ_»∞¤ÉèÏQÆO =~°‰õÄ h\˜Ö’
=ÚxyÜ«ÚO_®e. ÉÁ_»∞¤ ÃÑ· ÉèÏQÆO, `˘_»Å „H˜O^Œ ÉèÏQÆO h\˜`À `«_»=‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. â◊s~°OÖ’x Z‰õΩ¯= ÉèÏQÆO ~°HõÎO =∞#O `˘\˜ìÖ’ `«_çÑ≤#
ÉèÏQÍxH˜ KÕ~∞° ‰õΩO@∞Ok. `˘\ì̃™êfl#O ^•fi~å Z‰õΩ¯=âß`«O ~°HÍÎxfl ÃÑ^Œ„Ì ¿ÑQÆ∞ʼnõΩ, QÆ~åƒùâÜ ◊ ∂« xH˜, á⁄uÎH_õ ∞» ѨىõΩ ѨO¿Ñ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
`˘\˜ì™êfl#O 15–20 xIIÅ =~°‰õΩ KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û. `˘\˜ì™êfl#O KÕ¿ã@ѨC_»∞ á⁄uÎHõ_»∞Ѩ٠g∞^Œ KÕux ÃÑ\˜ì ~°∞^Œ∞Ì`«∂ LO_®e. nx^•fi~å ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°}
P ÉèÏQÍʼnõΩ KÕˆ~ J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok. ~ÀyÜ≥ÚHõ¯ Ѩiã≤÷ux, ~ÀQÍhfl |\˜ì `˘\˜ì™êfl#O KÕ~ÚOKÕ q^è•#O P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO@∞Ok. =ÚYºOQÍ
D `˘\ì̃™êfl<åÅ∞ KåÖÏ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ „ѨÜ∂≥ [<åÅ#∞ JOk™êÎ~Ú. Jxfl~H° ÍÅ n~°…~ÀQÍÅ#∞ x"åiOK«_®xH˜ Wq J=ã¨~O° . JÖψQ ѨH"∆õ å`«=Ú,
ã¨=∞ã¨"Î ∞≥ #ÿ <å_ô"åº^è∞Œ Å∞, QÆ~ƒ° Hù Àâ◊ "åº^è∞Œ Å∞, |Ç≤Ï+¨µ‰ì Ωõ ã¨O|OkèOz# "åº^è∞Œ Å∞, H˜_flô ʼnõΩ ã¨O|OkèOz# "åº^è∞Œ Å∞, =¸Åâ◊OHõ ("≥ÚÅÅ∞),
^•OѨ`«º rq`åxH˜ ã¨O|OkèOz# Ö’áêÅ∞, Qͺã¨∞, =∞Å|^ŒúHõO, r~°‚HÀâßxH˜ ã¨O|OkèOz# "åº^èŒ∞Å∞, Hõá¶êxfl `«yæOK«_»O H˘~°‰õΩ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞
Jxfl "åº^èŒ∞ʼnõΩ D `˘\˜ì™êfl#O q^è•#O J^Œ∞ƒù`«OQÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞QÆÅ^Œ∞. „Ѩu WO\˜Ö’ XHõ `˘\˜ì `«Ñ¨Êxã¨iQÍ LO_®e. JO`« =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k.
8. h\˜ Pqi : K≥=∞@ Ѩ>Ëì"åiH˜ „Ѩu ~ÀE K≥=∞@Ö’ =º~°÷Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩáÈ`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. K≥=∞@ Ѩ@ì‰õΩO_® K«~°‡OÖ’ K≥_»∞
Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ q∞yeáÈÜÕ∞ "åiH˜ h\˜ Pqi ^•fi~å áÈQ˘@ì=K«∞Û. K«~°‡OÖ’x =º~°÷Ѩ^•~å÷Å#∞, LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈÜÕ∞@@∞¡ KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜
D h\˜ Pqi q^è•#O ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨xH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk. "å~åxH˜, Ѩk ~ÀAʼnõΩ XHõ™êi =∂=¸Å∞ ~ÀAÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì q^è•#O
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO^•O.
PqiѨ>Ëì =ÚO^Œ∞ â◊s~°O JO`«@‰õΩ #∂<≥ =∞~°Ì<å (#∞=ÙfiÅ #∂<≥) ÉÏQÍ KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. J=HÍâ◊O ÖËx "å~°∞ "åˆ~ KÕ`«∞Å`À
#∂<≥#∞ ~åã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk. =∞#O Ѩ>Ëì "Õ_çh\˜ PqiH˜ K«~°‡O ^≥|ƒ u#‰õΩO_® D #∂<≥ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. JnQÍHõ #∂<≥ =∞~°Ì#
KÕÜ«∞_»O ^•fi~å K«~å‡xH˜ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞~°Ì# ^•fi~å K«~°‡OÖ’x ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°O„^è•Å∞ `≥~°∞K«∞H˘<Õ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞æ`«∞Ok.
JO^Œ∞=Å# K≥=∞@Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯= =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈÜÕ∞ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞æ`«∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì =ÚO^Œ∞ #∂<≥ =∞~°Ì# =ÚYºO. Pqi
Ѩ@∞ìH˘<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞ Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ =∞Ozh~°∞ `«Ñ¨Êxã¨iQÍ „`åQÍe. =∞# â◊s~°OÖ’x Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ K≥=∞@~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=_»O
HÍ~°}OQÍ â◊s~åxH˜ h~°ã¨O =KÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok (h~°∞ `«yæ). =ÚO^Õ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# =∞#Ö’ #∞O_ç
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛ K≥=∞@ ™ê÷#OÖ’ =∞#O „`åˆQ h~°∞ KÕi =∞#‰õΩ W|ƒOk ~å‰õΩO_® KÕã¨∞ÎOk. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì=ÚO^Œ∞ fã¨∞HÀ=Åã≤# *Ï„QÆ`«ÎÅÖ’
"≥Ú^Œ\˜k h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O J~Ú`Õ, Ô~O_»=k =∂_»∞g∞^Œ `«_»Ñ¨_»O, `«_çQÆ∞_»¤ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»O KåÖÏ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ#k. nx=Å# `«Å‰õΩ, "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} `«QÆæ‰õΩO_® LO@∞Ok. `«_çÑ≤# ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ ~°HõÎO "≥à◊√§`«∞Ok HÍ|\˜ì `«Å‰õΩ HÍ=Åã≤# ~°HõÎO JOk# `«~°∞"å`Õ q∞QÆ`å ~°HõÎO JO`å
K«~å‡xH˜ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. `«Å `«_»Ñ¨HõáÈ`Õ "≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ "≥à◊§=Åã≤# ~°HõÎO ‰õÄ_® K«~å‡xH˜ =zÛ `«Å _ç"£∞QÍ J=fi_»"≥∂ ÖË^• Hõà◊√§ uiy
Ѩ_çáÈ=_»"≥∂ ÖË^• ÉÏQÍ h~°ã¨O ~å=_»"≥∂ [~°QÆ=K«∞Û.
„ѨHõ$u P„â◊=∂ÅÖ’ J~Ú`Õ Pqi Ѩ@ì_®xH˜ XHõ ÃÑ>ˇì LO@∞Ok. JO^Œ∞Ö’ ‰õÄ~˘Ûx Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. =∞# WO\’¡ ‰õÄ_® Pqi Ѩ@∞ìH˘<Õ
q^è•#O LOk. =∞#O XO\˜H˜ #∂<≥ ~åã¨∞H˘<Õ@ѨC_Õ á⁄~Úºg∞^Œ ÃÑ^ŒÌ hà◊§ aO^≥ ÖË^• HÍQÆ∞Ö’ h\˜x ã¨QÆO =~°‰õÄ áÈã≤ =¸`«#∞ QÆ\˜ìQÍ
ÃÑ\˜ì =∞iyOKÕ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕÜ«∂e. P aO^≥ J_»∞QÆ∞ ÉÏQÍ "≥_»Å∞Ê LO_ç, ÃÑ·# =¸u z#flkQÍ L#fl^≥·`Õ Pqi Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=_®xH˜ `ÕeHõQÍ
LO@∞Ok. hà◊√§ ÉÏQÍ |∞_»QÆÅ∞ =KÕÛ =~°‰õÄ =∞~°QÆx"åfie. =∞iˆQ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜ "≥∂`« q#|_®e. JÖψQ HõÔ~O@∞ Ô~·ã¨∞ ‰õΩHõ¯~ü L#fl"åÔ~·`Õ
^•x`À Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. JO^Œ∞Ö’ h~°∞ <åÅ∞QÀ=O`«∞ áÈã≤ ÉÏQÍ =∞~°QÆx"åfie. ÉÏ`ü~°∂"£∞Ö’ XHõ ã¨∂ìÅ∞ "Õã¨∞HÀ"åe. JÖψQ (_»|∞Öò HÍ\ò
ɡ_£+‘\ò) Ô~O_»∞ =∞OKåʼnõΩ ã¨iѨ_Õ ÃÑ^ŒÌ ~°QÆ∞æÖÏO\˜ ÖÏ=Ù ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜x ^ŒQÆæ~° ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åe. =∞~°yOz# h\˜ aO^≥#∞ á⁄~Úºg∞^Œ #∞O_ç kOÑ≤
=¸`«`À ÉÏ`ü~°∂"£∞Ö’ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åe. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì =ÚO^Œ∞ |@ìÅ#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ fã≤"Õã≤, ã¨∂ìÅ∞g∞^Œ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ [iy ‰õÄ~˘Ûx, HÍà◊§#∞ "≥_»Å∞ÊQÍ
ÃÑ\ì̃, HÍà◊§ =∞^茺֒ aO^≥#∞ <ÕÅg∞^Œ =¸`«`À áê>Ë LOz ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ"åe. hà◊√§ „`åy, `«Å `«_»∞ѨÙH˘x, P q^èŒOQÍ ‰õÄ~°∞Ûx ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜x
ѨÓiÎQÍ HõѨCHÀ"åe. ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜Ö’ =∞#O, ã¨∂ìÅ∞, aO^≥ ѨÓiÎQÍ QÍe P_»‰õΩO_® ("≥Å∞`«∞~°∞ ~å‰õΩO_®) HõÑ≤Ê"ÕÜ«∞|_ç LO_®e. JѨC_»∞
aO^≥ÃÑ· =¸`«#∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ XHõ áê=Ù =O`«∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ (H˘kÌQÍ) „ѨHõ¯‰õΩ [~°áêe. S^Œ∞ x=ÚëêÅ∞ QÆ_çz# `«~°∞"å`« WOH˘kÌQÍ [~°∞ѨÙHÀ"åe.
=¸_»=™êi ѨÓiÎQÍ =¸`«#∞ fÜ«∞=K«∞Û. ÖË^• <åÅ∞QÆ=™êi =¸`«#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ fÜ«∞=K«∞Û#∞. PY~°∞‰õΩ (ѨÓiÎQÍ =¸`« fã≤# `«~°∞"å`«)
QÆi>ˇ ^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ ÃÑ@∞ìH˘x ^•x`À h\˜Ö’ HõkÑ≤`Õ WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ Pqi =ã¨∞ÎOk. Ѩk #∞O_ç W~°"≥· x=ÚëêÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞O ֒ѨÙÖ’ aO^≥Ö’x Pqi
ѨÓiÎQÍ J=fi_»O, =∞#‰õΩ ÉÏQÍ K≥=∞@ Ѩ@_ì O» [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ@∞ì‰Ωõ <Õ@ѨC_»∞ `«Å ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜ ֒ѨŠLO_»@O =Å# ÉèÜ í ∞« O JxÑ≤OKÕ"å~°∞
QÍh, QÍe P_»_»O ÖË^Œx W|ƒOk Ѩ_Õ"å~°∞ QÍh `«Å#∞ |Ü«∞@ÃÑ\˜ì, "≥∞_» =~°‰õΩ ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜ HõѨC‰õΩO>Ë ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. J^Õ Ô~·ãπ‰õΩHõ¯~°∞`À
Ѩ@∞ìH˘<Õ "å~°∞ J~Ú`Õ aO^≥ ™ê÷#OÖ’ Jk ÃÑ\˜ì, HõÔ~O@∞`À h~°∞ =∞~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O_»QÍ<Õ =∞#O Pqi Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩO@∂ LO_®e. 10–15 xIIÅ∞
QÆ_çz# `«~°∞"å`« HõÔ~O@∞ Hõ\˜ì"Õ¿ãÎ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=_»O ѨÓiÎ J~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« ^Œ∞ѨÊ\˜x fã≤"Õã≤, â◊s~åxfl QÍeH˜ 5, 6
x=ÚëêÅ∞ K≥=∞@ WOHõ x"åfie. `«~°∞"å`« K«Å¡x h\˜`À `«Å‰õΩ ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∂e. Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ áÈã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk.
„ѨHõ$u P„â◊=∞OÖ’ Ѩ>Ëì PqÔ~·`Õ Z‰õΩ¯= K≥=∞@ XHõ¯~À*Ë áÈÜÕ∞ J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok. ^•x ^•fi~å H˘kÌQÍ h~°ã¨O JxÑ≤OK«=K«∞Û.
JO^Œ∞Ö’ ‰õÄ_® `ÕeQÍæ Ѩ@∞ìH˘O>Ë Z=iH© h~°ã¨O ~å^Œ∞. ÃÑ>ˇìÖ’ ‰õÄ~˘Ûx Ѩ>Ëì Pqi J~Ú`Õ "å~åxH˜ Ô~O_»∞ ~ÀAÖË Ñ¨@∞ìHÀ"åe. WO\’¡
Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩ<Õ Pqi J~Ú`Õ ~ÀA =∂iÛ ~ÀA Ѩ@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. nx ^•fi~å h~°ã¨O =KÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O Jã¨Å∞ ÖË^Œ∞.
QÆ=∞xHõ : h~°ã¨OQÍ L#fl"å~°∞ QÍh, a.Ñ≤. ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ L#fl"å~°∞ QÍh, qˆ~K«<åÅ∞, "åO`«∞Å∞ J=Ù`«∞#fl"å~°∞ QÍh Pqi
Ѩ@ì‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. JÖψQ ÉÏQÍ ~°HõÎO `«‰õΩ¯= L#fl"å~°∞, QÆ∞O_≥[|∞ƒ`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ "å~°∞ _®Hõì~°∞ ã¨ÅǨ g∞^Õ Pqi Ѩ@∞ìHÀ"åe.
Pqi Ѩ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê : h\˜ Pqi`À â◊s~°O "Õ_≥‰õΩ¯`«∞#flѨC_»∞, K«~å‡x‰õΩ#fl ã¨∂Hõ∆‡"≥∞ÿ# ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ `≥~°∞K«∞H˘x,
"å\˜Ö’xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= „áê}â◊H˜Î „Ѩ"Õtã¨∞ÎOk. ^•x`À K≥=∞@ Ѩ@ì_»O „áê~°Oaèã¨∞ÎOk. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ =∂=¸Å∞ HõO>Ë ‰õÄ_® QÆ∞O_≥ ~°HÍÎxfl
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ z=Ú‡`«∂ LO@∞Ok. â◊s~åxfl "Õ_Kç ãÕ #≤ ѨC_»∞ =∞# L^Œ~É° Ïè QÆOÖ’ L#fl ã‘Ê¡ <£ ã¨OHÀzOK«∞H˘x JO^Œ∞Ö’ xÅ∞= LO_Õ Z„~°~H° HÎõ }
õ ÏÅ#∞
~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. JO^Œ∞=Å# ~°HõÎOÖ’xH˜ H˘`«ÎQÍ Z„~°~°HõÎHõ}ÏÅ∞ =zÛ HõÅ∞™êÎ~Ú. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ \˜+¨ØºÅÖ’, HõO_»~åÅÖ’,
~°HõÎ<åàÏÅÖ’ K«∞@∂ì L#fl „^Œ=O H˘O`« =zÛ ~°HõÎOÖ’ HõÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. g\˜ ^•fi~å ~°HõÎOÖ’x áê¡™ê‡ Ñ¨Å∞K«|_»∞`«∞Ok.
P q^èŒOQÍ Pqi Ѩ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ 15–20 xIIÅ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ ~°HõÎѨi=∂}O ÃÑ~°QÆ_»O, ~°HõÎOÖ’x Z„~°~°HõÎHõ}ÏÅ HÍ~°}OQÍ âßfi㨄H˜Ü«∞
`«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. ZѨC_≥·`Õ K«~°‡O "Õ_ç ÃÑiyO^À JѨC_»∞ H˘kÌQÍ a.Ñ≤. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. K≥=∞@ Ѩ@ì_»O J<Õk "Õ_çx |\˜ì, "≥∞@ÉÏeH± ˆ~@∞#∞ |\˜ì,
â◊s~°OÖ’ L#fl LѨC#∞ |\˜ì, K≥=∞@ „QÆO^èŒ∞Å#∞ |\˜ì P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO@∞Ok. WO\’¡ Ѩ>Ëì PqiÖ’ J~Ú`Õ J~°b@~°∞ #∞O_ç b@~°∞ =~°‰õΩ
K≥=∞@ Ѩ_` ç ,Õ ÃÑ>ì̌Ö’ Ѩ\#ì̃ PqiÖ’ b@~°∞ #∞O_ç b@~°∞#fl~° K≥=∞@ Ѩ_∞» `«∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’ LѨC ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl"åiH˜ K≥=∞@
`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ|_»∞`«∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ>Ëì@ѨC_»∞ Ѩ>Ëì K≥=∞@Ö’ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 10–20 „QÍ=ÚÅ LѨC |Ü«∞@‰õΩ =KÕÛ J=HÍâ◊O LO@∞Ok. K≥=∞@ ÉÏQÍ
HÍiáÈ=_»O =Å# ÃÑiy# ~°HõÎѨi=∂}O Pqi Ѩ@ì_»O ѨÓiÎ JÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ uiy =∂=¸Å∞‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ@ì_»O =Å# H˜_ôflÅ
^•fi~å "≥à◊§=Åã≤# LѨC, Ü«¸iÜ«∂ K≥=∞@ ^•fi~å áÈÜÕ∞ J=HÍâ◊O HõÅ∞æ`«∞Ok. Pqi Ѩ@ì_»O ^•fi~å H˜_ôflÅÃÑ· LO_Õ Z„_ç#Öò „QÆO^äŒ∞Å∞
„ѨÉèÏq`«O J~Úº ~°HõÎOÖ’x W™ÈflѶ≤Öòû#∞ `«yæOK«_®xH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõi™êÎ~Ú. Pqi Ѩ\˜ì# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ç =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ =~°‰õÄ ~°HõÎOÖ’ Wã≤<ÀѶ≤Öòû
`«QÆ∞æ`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Wãπ<ÀѶ‘eÜ«∂ L#fl"åiH˜ Pqi KåÖÏ ÉÏQÍ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«QÆÅ^Œ∞. Pqi ^•fi~å â◊s~°OÖ’x áê`« h~°∞ K≥=∞@ ^•fi~å
|Ü«∞@‰õΩáÈ`«∂ LO>Ë, =∞Oz h~°∞ ^•fi~å P `«yæ# h\˜ âß`åxfl JOkã¨∂Î LO_®e. K≥~°∞=Ù‰õΩ áê`«h~°∞#∞ fã≤"Õã≤ „H˘`«Îh~°∞#∞ ÃÑ\˜ì#@∞¡,
h\˜ Pqi ^•fi~å =∞# â◊s~åxfl P q^èŒOQÍ KÕã¨∞HÀ=K«∞Û.
9. ~˘OѨ‰õΩ, Hõá¶êxH˜ zH˜`«û : =Ú‰õΩ¯ ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ\#ì˜ Ñ¨C_»∞, =Ú‰õΩ¯Å∞ ayã≤#ѨC_»∞, Ãã·#ãπ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ L#fl"å~°∞, ÉÏQÍ HõÑO¨¶
Ѩ\#ì˜ "å~°∞, Ñ≤e‰¡ Äõ `«Å∞ =KÕÛ"å~°∞ WѨC_»∞ K≥Ñʨ É’ÜÕ∞ zH˜`û« ~ÀE, ~Ô O_»∞ ѨÓ@ÖÏ KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩO>Ë KåÖÏ LѨâ=◊ ∞#=Ú HõÅ∞æ`∞« Ok.
=ÚMÏxH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞ H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ H˘kÌQÍ ~åã¨∞HÀ"åe. |ÔH\ò xO_»∞QÍ "Õ_çh~°∞ (ÉèíiOK« QÆey#O`« "Õ_ç) Ѩ\˜ì ÉÏ`ü~°∂"£∞Ö’ LOK«∞HÀO_ç.
WѨC_»∞ K≥ѨÊÉ’ÜÕ∞ ^•xfl ™êfl<åxH˜ "≥àı§=ÚO^Œ∞ KÕ¿ãÎ ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. |@ìÅ∞ fã≤ ÉÏ`ü~°∂"£∞Ö’ z#flÑ‘@g∞^Œ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO\Ï~°∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ
|ÔH\ò "Õ_çh~°∞#∞ ÃÑ@∞ì‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. Ô~O_»∞ ^ÀÃãà◊§`À xO_»∞QÍ "Õ_çh~°∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx =ÚMÏxH˜ Jkq∞ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. h\˜Ö’ "Õ_ç =Ú‰õΩ¯
ÉèÏQÍʼnõΩ, Ãã·#ãπ ÉèÏQÍʼnõΩ `«QÆ∞Å∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. P h~°∞ HÍi# "≥O@<Õ =∞~°ÖÏ ^ÀÃã_»∞ h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ì =ÚMÏxH˜ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. WÖÏ
x=ÚëêxH˜ 10–15 ^ÀÃãà◊§ h~°∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. WÖÏ |ÔH\ò h\˜x ѨÓiÎKÕã≤ `«~°∞"å`« QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h\˜`À ™êfl#O KÕ™êÎ~°∞. WÖÏ KÕÜ«∞_»O
=Å# "≥O@<Õ =ÚYO, Q˘O`«∞ ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ KåÖÏ Ç¨~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok.
10. HÍà◊§ ѨQÆ∞à◊§‰õΩ zH˜`«û : áê^•Å‰õΩ H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ ~åã≤, áê^•Å#∞ 15 xIIÅ áê@∞ ZO`« "Õ_ç Ѩ@ìQÆey`Õ JO`« "Õ_çh\˜Ö’
áê^•Å=~°‰õΩ =ÚOK«∞`å~°∞. D "Õ_çH˜ áê^•Å‰õΩ L#fl ѨQÆ∞à◊√§ <å#∞`å~Ú. 15 xIIÅ `«~°∞"å`« |Ü«∞@‰õΩ fã≤ "≥∞`«Î\˜ <ÕÑ≤¯<£`ÀQÍh, "≥∞`«Î\˜
|@ìÅ „|+π`ÀQÍh áê^•Å ѨQÆ∞à◊§=^ŒÌ ~°∞^Œ∞Ì`å~°∞. JÖÏ ~°∞kÌ`Õ P ѨQÆ∞Å∞ <åx#k T_çáÈ`«∞Ok. =∞s ~°HõÎO H͈~@@∞¡ ~°∞^ŒÌ~å^Œ∞. áê^•Å∞
HÍã¨Î #∞#flQÍ J=Ù`å~Ú. ~°∞^ÕÌã¨iH˜ ¢_≥·QÍ J=Ù`å~Ú. áê^•Å `«_ç `«∞_çz =∞~°ÖÏ H˘|ƒi#∂<≥ ~åÜ«∂e. ‰õΩki`Õ "Õ∞*’à◊√§ (™êH±û) |∂@∞
"å_ç`Õ `«fi~°QÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. MÏm ™êH±û J~Ú<å WO\’¡ "å_»=K«∞Û. ™êH±û "å_»_»O =Å# áê^ŒO ZѨC_»∂ K≥=∞‡QÍ, "≥∞`«ÎQÍ LO_»_»O =Å#
ѨQÆ∞à◊√§ ~å=Ù. WÖÏ ~ÀE HÍà◊§ ѨQÆ∞à◊√§ `«ˆQæ=~°‰õÄ KÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û.
11. qHÍ~åʼnõΩ zH˜`«û : u#flk ã¨iQÍ J~°QÆ#ѨC_»∞ QÍh, „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ Ѩã¨~°∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞ QÍh qHÍ~°OQÍ LO@∂ "åOu
J~Ú`Õ ÉÏQÆ∞O_»∞ JxÑ≤Oz#ѨC_»∞, D Ѩ^Œúu „ѨHÍ~°O "åOu KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë `«fi~°QÍ `ÕeHõ Ѩ_»`å=Ú. h\˜x QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ "Õ_çKÕã≤ 5, 6
QÍ¡ã¨∞Å h\˜x QÆ@QÆ\Ï PѨ‰õΩO_® á⁄@ìxO_Õ =~°‰õÄ „`åQÍe. „`åˆQ@ѨC_Õ "åOu =KÕÛ@@∞¡ h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÍe. "Õà◊√§ <À\˜Ö’ ÃÑ\˜ì
JOQÆ∞\˜ÃÑ· J@∂ W@∂ Hõ^Œ∞ѨÙ`«∂ LO>Ë qHÍ~°O ÃÑiy "≥O@<Õ "åOu J=Ù`«∞Ok. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ ֒ѨŠJ~°QÆx PǨ~åxfl, ѨxH˜~åx
Ѩã¨~°¡#∞ HõÅ∞ѨىõΩx "åOuÖ’ Ѩ_çáÈ`«∞Ok. „`åˆQh\˜Ö’ H˘kÌ LѨC#∞ ‰õÄ_® HõeÑ≤ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û (J=ã¨~°"≥∞ÿ`Õ). „`åy#O^Œ∞=Å¡ #+ì̈=Ú ÖË^Œ∞.
LѨCh\˜H˜ WOHÍ `«fi~°QÍ "åOu =ã¨∞ÎOk.
=∞#O WѨÊ\˜=~°‰õÄ "Õ_çh\˜, K«Å¡x h\˜`À ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ zH˜`«ûÅ∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. „ѨHõ$uã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# â◊s~åxH˜ W=hfl „ѨHõ$u zH˜`«ûÅ∞.
J=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ ѨC_»∞ g\˜x WO\˜eá¡ ên "å_»∞HÀ=_»OÖ’ `«ÑC¨ ÖË^∞Œ . D ~°H"õ ∞≥ #ÿ zH˜`û« Å#∞ â◊s~åxH˜ KÕã#≤ ѨÊ\˜H© WOHÍ LѨâ=◊ ∞#=Ú HõÅQÆHáõ È`Õ
JѨC_»∞ U^≥·<å "≥·^Œº ã¨Ç¨Ü«∞=Ú fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∞Ozk. =∞#‰õΩ [fi~åÅ∞, ~˘OѨÅ∞, ^ŒQÆ∞æ, uq∞‡~°∞¡, HÍà◊§ ѨQÆ∞à◊√§, qHÍ~åÅ∞, =∞_®Å
<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, Ñ≤Hõ¯Å∞ ÖÏQÆ_»O, x„^ŒÑ¨@ìHõáÈ=_»O, =¸Åâ◊OHõ, qˆ~K«#OÖ’ ~°HõÎO Ѩ_»@O, |Ç≤Ï+¨µì <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, "≥∞#ûãπ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, "≥∞_»<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞,
H©à◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ "≥ÚII#q W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞QÍ Hõey#ѨÙ_»∞ "å\˜#∞O_ç LѨâ◊=∞#=Ú á⁄O^Œ_®xH˜ ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê# ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ h\˜ zH˜`«ûÅ#∞ g∞ WO\˜Ö’
"å_»∞‰õΩO\Ï~°x `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. 5, 6 b@~°¡ h\˜x ֒ѨʼnõΩ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ ^•x`À áê@∞ PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å#∞ áê\˜ã¨∂Î, ÃÑ·H˜ h\˜ zH˜`«ûÅ∞
KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ LO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= âß`«O ~ÀQÍÅ#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç áÈQ˘@ì=K«∞Û. P~ÀQƺO J<Õk ѨÓiÎQÍ JOk`Õ<Õ =∞#‰õΩ P#O^ŒO
HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. g∞~°∞ ѨÓiÎ P~ÀQͺxfl JO^Œ∞‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕ™êÎ~°x ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
 h\˜=Å# ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞
h\˜x J=∞$`«O Jx =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ JO\Ï~°∞. J=∞$`«O „`åy`Õ ^Õ=`«ÅÖÏQÍ Kå=ÙѨÙ@∞ìHõÅ∞ ÖˉõΩO_® LO_»=K«∞Û Jx JO\Ï~°∞.
=∞#‰õΩ Kå=ÙѨÙ@∞ìHõÅ∞ PyáÈ`Õ D ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ KåÖÏ W|ƒOk. JO`« ÖÏÉèíO =^Œ∞Ì QÍh =∞#‰õΩ „|uH˜#<åflà◊√¡ [|∞ƒÅ∞ ~å‰õΩO_®, ÖˉõΩO_®
LO>Ë KåÅ∞Hõ^ŒO_ô! JO`«HõO>Ë =∞#‰õΩ HÍ=Åã≤O^Õ=ÚOk. h\˜x „`åy`Õ â◊s~°OÖ’x Jxfl ÉèÏQÍÅ∞, Jxfl Hõ}ÏÅ∞ HÍÅ∞+¨º~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ,
~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ `ÕeQÍæ LO\Ï~Ú. ˆH=ÅO h\˜`À<Õ Jxfl [|∞ƒÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ=Ù. H˘xfl~°HÍÅ [|∞ƒÅ∞ (h\˜x `«‰õΩ¯=
„`åy#O^Œ∞=Å¡ =KÕÛ [|∞ƒÅ∞) ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`å~Ú. =∞iH˘xfl ã¨QÍxH˜ ÃÑ·QÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. H˘xflO\˜ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ LѨâ◊=∞#O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
WOH˘xfl ~ÀQÍÅ q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’ Ug∞ „ѨÜ≥∂[#O HõxÑ≤OK«Hõ áÈ=K«∞Û#∞. h\˜x 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O J<Õk =∞# ÉÏ^茺`«. Ѷ¨e`«O J^Õ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
g∞~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO_»O_ç. U^Œ<åfl Ѷ¨e`«O J#∞‰õΩ#fl q^èŒOQÍ ~åÖË^ŒO>Ë <Õ#∞ =∂<Õ™êÎ#∞ Jx J#HõO_ç. =∂<Õ¿ãÎ =∞#ˆH #+¨ì=Ú. „Ѩu^•xH˜
XHõ Ѩikè J<Õk LO@∞Ok. h\˜ ^•fi~å ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ ~å=Åã≤#q ^•x ѨikèÖ’xH˜ =KÕÛ Ñ¶¨e`åÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ Wxfl ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ =™êÎÜ«∞x <å‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åy#<å_»∞ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. <ÕxѨC_»∞ 9 ã¨OIIQÍ Wxfl hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∂,
Wxfl ã¨OIIÅ∞QÍ Z<Àfl "ÕÅ =∞Ok KÕ`« „`åyOK«_»O [iyOk. "å~°O^Œ~°∂ Hõeã≤#ѨÙ_À, L`«Î~åÅ ^•fi~å<À, á¶È#∞Ö’<À D h\˜ ^•fi~å WO`«
ÖÏÉèÏxfl á⁄O^•#x K≥|∞`«∂ LO>Ë, Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈÜÕ∞O`« q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Ñ¶¨e`åÅ∞ LO@∞<åfl~Ú. <ÕxѨC_»∞ <≥ʼnõΩ 15 ~ÀAÅ∞ ~åROÖ’ qq^èŒ
„áêO`åÅÖ’ D „ѨHõ$u q^è•<åxfl, h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«∞_®xH˜ "≥à◊√`«∂ „Ѩã¨OQÍÅ∞ Wã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. P 15 ~ÀAÅÖ’ <å „Ñ¨ã¨OQÍʼnõΩ
ã¨∞=∂~°∞ (25,000) W~°"≥· J~Ú^Œ∞ "ÕÅ=∞Ok =~°‰õÄ Ç¨[~°=Ù`«∂ L<åfl~°∞. <Õ#∞ K≥¿ÑÊ Z<Àfl P~ÀQƺ ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÖ’¡ D h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O XHõ\˜.
JxflO\˜HõO>Ë `ÕeÔH·#k, Y~°∞ÛÖËxk, W|ƒOk ÖËxk, "≥O@<Õ PK«iOK«`«QÆæk h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O. JÖÏ qx D h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl Z<Àfl "ÕÅ=∞Ok
~åROÖ’ PK«iã¨∞<Î åfl~∞° . <Õ#∞ D h\˜g∞^Œ ѨÙãÎ̈HOõ „"åÜ«∞É’ÜÕ∞ =ÚO^Œ∞, „ѨãO¨ QÍÅÖ’ XHõ ã¨∂K«# KÕâß#∞. Z=Ô~` · Õ h\˜x 5, 6 b@~°∞¡
~ÀE „`åQÆ∞`«∂ L<åfl~À, "åiH˜ h\˜=Å# Hõey# „ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅ∞ =zÛ LO>Ë, Jq Uq∞\˜, Zxfl ~ÀAÅÖ’ =zÛ#q, ZO`«HÍÅO #∞O_ç L#fl
W|ƒO^Œ∞Åq, h~°∞ „`åˆQ q+¨Ü«∞OÃÑ· Jaè„áêÜ«∂Å#∞ Öˇ@~ü ^•fi~å <å‰õΩ "≥O@<Õ Ñ¨OѨ=∞x HÀ~å#∞. Z<Àfl =O^ŒÅ L`«Î~åÅ#∞, h\˜^•fi~å
á⁄Ok# ÖÏÉèÏÅ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∂Î „"å™ê~°∞. J=hfl K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∂ LO>Ë ZO`À P#O^ŒO. =∞x+≤H˜ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ<Õ Wxfl ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞ =™êÎÜ«∂ Jx
Pâ◊Û~°ºO HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk. P L`«Î~åÅ∞ Jhfl K«kq# `«~°∞"å`« <å‰õΩ D h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl Jxfl „QÍ=∂Ö’¡, Ѩ@ì}ÏÖ’¡ "≥∞ÿ‰õΩÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì, áêOÃѶ¡\òû
"Õã≤, QÀ_»Å g∞^Œ „"åã≤ „ѨKå~°O KÕ¿ãÎ ÉÏQÆ∞O_»∞ Jx JxÑ≤OzOk.
HÍh „Ѩ[Å∞ JÖÏ TiˆH qxÑ≤¿ãÎ „`åQÆ∞`å~å JO>Ë „`åQÆ~°∞. J#∞=∂<åÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. D "åã¨Î"åxfl „Ѩ[ÅO^Œ~°∂
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ ~ÀA =ã¨∞ÎOk. JѨÊ\˜=~°‰õΩ Hõhã¨O ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«kq#"å~°∞, LѨ<庙êÅ∞ q#fl"å~°∂ „`åy`Õ KåÅ∞. h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å U
[|∞ƒÅ∞ ZÖÏ, ZO`«HÍÅOÖ’ `«y#æ q J<Õk <Õ#∞ K≥¿ÑÊHõO>Ë `«y#æ "å~°∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ J#∞Éèqí Oz#k K≥a`Õ g∞‰õΩ WOHÍ ÉÏQÍ Ç¨Ï`«∞‰Î Ωõ O@∞O^Œx
ZO^Œ~À „"åã≤# L`«Î~åÅÖ’ H˘xflO\˜x g∞ =ÚO^Œ∞ LOK«∞`«∞<åfl#∞. g∞~°∞ „â◊^ŒúQÍ "å~°O^Œ~°∂ „"åã≤# J#∞Éèí"åÅ#∞ K«kq, "åiÖÏQÍ D
h\˜^èŒ~å‡xfl PK«iOz P~ÀQͺxfl ÉÏQÆ∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°x Ptã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
1) ÃÇ·Ï a.Ñ≤. H˘O`«=~°‰õÄ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok : >ˇ#<¬ £ ^•fi~å a.Ñ≤. =zÛ# "åiH˜ h~°∞ „`åy#O^Œ∞=Å¡ P a.Ñ≤.Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê ~åHõáÈ=K«∞Û.
â◊s~°OÖ’ LѨC ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ QÀ_»Å‰õΩ ¿Ñ~°∞H˘x ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ ã¨OHÀK«, "åºHÀKåÅ#∞ áê_»∞KÕã¨∞ÎOk. LѨC =Å#, h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ
„`åy#O^Œ∞=Å# ~°HõÎO zHõ¯|_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. P zHõ¯QÍ L#fl ~°HÍÎxfl, QÆ\˜ìQÍ L#fl ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ ^•fi~å z=∂‡ÅO>Ë QÆ∞O_≥ =∞iO`«
XuÎ_çQÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞=Åã≤ =ã¨∞ÎOk. ^•x`À a.Ñ≤. ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. h~°∞ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ ~ÀE „`åy`Õ â◊s~°OÖ’ xÅ∞= L#fl LѨC,
~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ QÀ_»Å‰õΩ Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩ#fl LѨC JO`å Hõiy ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ "≥∞`«Î|_»`å~Ú. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ~°HõÎO ѨÅK«|_ç a.Ñ≤.
`«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. JO^ŒiH© L#fl a.Ñ≤. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ J=ã¨~°O ÖˉõΩO_® `«yæáÈ^Œ∞. PǨ~°OÖ’ LѨC âß`åxfl |\˜ì ‰õÄ_® Ѷ¨e`«O LO@∞Ok.
h~°∞ „`åy#O^Œ∞‰õΩ 140/90 L#fl a.Ñ≤. 120/80 H˜ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#flk. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç<å <å~°‡Öò‰õΩ ~åx "åiH˜, h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O
=Å# =∞O^Œ∞Å`À WѨÙ_»∞ <å~°‡ÖòH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk. hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl=Ú Hõ^• Jx a.Ñ≤.H˜ "å_Õ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ˆ~¿Ñ =∂<ÕÜ«∞HõO_ç. _®Hõì~°¡
ã¨ÅǨÃÑ· =∞O^Œ∞#∞ `«yæOK«∞HÀ"åe. a.Ñ≤.Å∞ ÖËx "åiH˜ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ a.Ñ≤. ÃÑ~°∞QƉõΩO_® h~°∞ HÍáê_»QÆÅ^Œ∞. 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ
a.Ñ≤. H˘O`« `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. `«‰õΩ¯= W|ƒOk L#fl "åiH˜ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞Ok.

hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ a.Ñ≤. `«yæOk

„ѨHõ$u _®Hõì~°∞ =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 15 <≥ÅÅ∞QÍ `«}∞‰õΩ =zÛ „ѨHõ$u "≥·^ŒºO QÆ∞iOz „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ
`≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~°∞. =∂‰õΩ 8 <≥ÅÅ „H˜`«"Õ∞ `≥eã≤#k. JѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç „Ñ¨u <≥Å LѨ<åºã¨ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞=Ú#‰õΩ "≥à◊√§K«∞<åfl#∞. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞
K≥¿ÑÊ P~ÀQƺ ã¨∂„`«=ÚÅÖ’ h\˜ „áê=ÚYº`« XHõ\˜. <Õ#∞ 8 <≥ÅÅ #∞O_ç „Ñ¨u ~ÀA _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ 5 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
h~°∞ „`åQÆ_O» "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì ѨÊ\˜#∞O_ç <å P~ÀQƺO KåÖÏ ÉÏQÆ∞Ok. qˆ~K«#=Ú KåÖÏ „ѶQ‘ Í ~ÀA‰õΩ 2, 3 ™ê~°∞¡ J=Ù`ÀOk. 4 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ
#∞O_ç <å‰õΩ a.Ñ≤.160/100 LO\’Ok. 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃#ѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç 15 ~ÀAÖ’¡ <å~°‡Öò‰Ωõ =KÕÛã≤Ok. â◊s~°=ÚÖ’x z#fl
z#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_» `˘Åy áÈ~Ú#q. `«~°K«∞ `«Å <˘Ñ≤Ê =ã¨∂Î LO_Õk. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# Jk ‰õÄ_» `«yæ#k.
WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ HÍѶ≤, \© „Ѩu ~ÀE „`åˆQ "åà◊§=Ú. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ÏìHõ P ~ÀA #∞O_ç HÍѶ≤, \© =∂<Õ™ê=Ú. J~Ú<å
Uq∞ W|ƒOk JxÑ≤OK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞. =∂ "å~°∞, <Õ#∞ W^ŒÌ~°=Ú „Ѩu~ÀA 5 b@~°¡ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åy KåÖÏ =∞Oz Ѷ¨e`åxfl á⁄O^Œ∞`«∞<åfl=Ú.
_®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ =∞x+≤H˜ h~°∞ ZO`« J=ã¨~°"≥∂ JO^Œ~°∞ QÆ∞iÎOz `«=∞ `«=∞ P~ÀQͺÅ#∞ HÍáê_»∞H˘O\Ï~°x Ptã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
J}∞=}∞=Ù<å ™êfi~°÷O`À xO_çÜ«Ú#fl D ~ÀAÖ’¡ Uq∞ PtOK«‰õΩO_® x™êfi~°÷OQÍ, ZO`À FÑ≤Hõ`À, z~°∞#=Ùfi`À _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ
ã¨=∂^è•#=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ ZO`«QÍ<À LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_»∞`«∞<åfl~Ú. <å ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ HõxÑ≤OK«x ^≥·=O ÃÑ·# ZHõ¯_À LO>Ë, =∞# JO^ŒiH˜ HõxÑ≤OKÕ ^≥·=O
_®Hõì~°∞ =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} ~åAQÍ~°∞. PÜ«∞# QÆ∞iOz ZO`« K≥Ñ≤Ê<å `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ<Õ LO@∞Ok. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ ~°zOz# ѨÙã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ∞
K«kq, P~ÀQƺ=Ú#∞ ZÖÏ HÍáê_»∞HÀ"åÖ’ =∞#"Õ∞ x~°‚~ÚOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Œx q<åfl=ÚHÍh, WO`« qѨÙÅ=ÚQÍ
â◊s~åxH˜ h~°∞ U q^èŒ=ÚQÍ LѨÜ≥∂QÆ"≥∂, ZO`« h~°∞ J=ã¨~°"≥∂ q=iOz# "å~°∞ ÖË~°∞. 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Å|^ŒúHõ=Ú J<Õk
^ŒiKÕ~°^Œx |∞∞A=Ù J=Ù`«∞Ok. „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ# PǨ~°=Ú uO@∂, h~°∞ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åy`Õ _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ J<å~ÀQƺ=Ú#‰õΩ
^Œ∂~°OQÍ LO_»=K«∞Û J<Õk J#∞Éèí==Ú ^•fi~å `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=Ú. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi¯ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞.
JÅ∂¡i ã¨∞*Ï`«
W/o. JÅ∂¡i ã‘`å~å=∞~åA
"≥·âߺ ÉϺO‰õΩ, `«}∞‰õΩ, ѨIIQÀII lÖÏ¡.

2. Ö’ a.Ñ≤. ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞Ok : 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åy`Õ 4, 5 ~ÀAÅÖ’ Hõà◊√§ u~°QÆ_»O, a.Ñ≤. `«yæáÈ=_»O ÖÏO\˜ Ѷ¨e`åÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú.
Ö’ a.Ñ≤.H˜ hˆ~ ѨÓiÎ =∞O^Œ∞. ˆH=ÅO h~°∞ „`åy =∂„`«"Õ∞ D W|ƒOkx áÈQ˘@∞ìHÀ=K«∞Û. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiˆH Ö’ a.Ñ≤.Å∞
=ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. LѨC Z‰õΩ¯= uO@∂ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åy`Õ ZO`«HÍÅ"≥∞ÿ<å Ö’ a.Ñ≤. #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@ Ѩ_»ÖË=Ú. h\˜x `«‰õΩ¯=
„`åQÆ_»O =Å# ~°HõÎOÖ’ h\˜ XuÎ_ç `«QÆ∞æ`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ~°HõÎOÖ’ h\˜ =uÎ_ç `«yæ#ѨÙ_»∞ QÆ∞O_≥ ã¨iQÍ ~°HÍÎxfl z=∞‡ÖË^Œ∞. P ~°HõÎ=Ú
"≥∞^Œ_»∞‰õΩ ã¨iQÍ XHÀ™êi JO^Œ#ѨÙ_»∞ "≥O@<Õ Hõà◊√§ u~°QÆ_»O, Ѩ_çáÈ=_»O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. ZO`« HÍÅO LѨC Z‰õΩ¯= u<åfl
D W|ƒOk #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@Ѩ_»ÖËHõ áÈ`«∞<åfl~°∞. U HÍ~°}O KÕ`« HÍx=fiO_ç. =∞#‰õΩ `«QÆæ_»O HÍ"åe. "Õˆ~ _®Hõì~°∞ WOH˘Hõ HÍ~°}O
K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. h\˜x 5,6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ∞`«∂, „Ѩu~ÀE `«Å ™êfl#O K«hflà◊§`À KÕã¨∂Î LO>Ë Ö’ a.Ñ≤. W|ƒOk `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#flk. ZѨÙ_»<åfl
h~°ã¨OQÍh, Hõà◊√§ u~°QÆ_»O QÍh LO>Ë H˘|ƒihà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk.
h\˜`À<Õ Ö’ a.Ñ≤. `«yæOk
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ ~å^è.Œ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 38 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <å‰õΩ 10, 12 ã¨OIIÅ∞QÍ Ö’ a.Ñ≤. L#flk. p\˜H˜ =∂\˜H˜ h~°ãO¨ QÍ LO_Õk. U Ѩx KÕã<≤ å
`˘O^Œ~°QÍ JÅã≤áÈ`«∂ LO_Õ^•xfl. Ô~O_Õà◊§ „H˜`«O _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ K«kq hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O
JÅ"å>ÿ̌# H˘xfl ~ÀAňH LѨC "å_»@O ‰õÄ_® =∂x"Õâß#∞. "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ LѨC =∂<Õã∞¨ <Î åfl#∞ Hõ^•! Jã¨ÖË <å‰õΩ Ö’ a.Ñ≤. LOk, WOHÍ
h~°ã¨Ñ¨_çáÈ`å<Õ"≥∂#x ÉèíÜ«∞Ѩ_®¤#∞. J~Ú<å #=∞‡HõOQÍ ~ÀE 5 b@~°∞¡ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O, LѨC ÖˉõΩO_® u#_»O HõO\˜#∂º KÕâß#∞.
`«~°∞"å`« <å a.Ñ≤. á¶êq∞b _®Hõì~°∞QÍi`À K≥H± KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩO>Ë 100/70 LOk. Wk=~°‰õΩ h~°ã¨O =zÛ#ѨC_»ÖÏ¡ K«∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩ#flѨC_»∞
90/60 LO@∂ LO_Õk. ~ÚѨC_»∞ a.Ñ≤. 100/70 H˜ =KåÛHõ <å‰õΩ Jã¨Å∞ h~°ã¨O J<Õk ÖË^Œ∞. D Ô~O_Õà◊§ #∞O_ç <å‰õΩ a.Ñ≤. _Ò#∞
J=fi_»O [~°QÆÖË^Œ∞. ~ÚѨC_»∞ ѨsHõ∆ KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩO>Ë 110/70 ‰õÄ_® =ã¨∞ÎOk. nxx |\˜ì LѨC =∂<Õã≤<å <å a.Ñ≤. `«QÆæ‰õΩO_®
LO_»\ÏxH˜ HÍ~°}O _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ hà◊§ =∞ǨÏ`«º"Õ∞ Jx `≥eã≤Ok. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ PǨ~°Ñ¨Ù JÅ"å@¡#∞, h\˜^èŒ~å‡xfl
rq`åO`«O q_çzÃÑ@ì‰õΩO_® áê\˜OKåÅx xâ◊Û~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍiH˜ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å`À....
A. ~å^èŒ,
C/o.A. ã¨∂~°º<åÜ«∞},
QÀѨÙ~°O gkä, #~åûѨÙ~°O.
3) `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞<åfl~Ú : `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ`À =∂ ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ =KÕÛ "åiÖ’ #∂\˜H˜ 60 =∞OkH˜ ˆH=ÅO h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O
KÕ`«<Õ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#flk. q∞QÆ`å "åiH˜ h\˜`À áê@∞ PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞, Jxfl xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ áê\˜¿ãÎ HÍx `«QÆæ_»O ÖË^Œ∞. r~°‚HÀâ◊=ÚÖ’ ÖË^•
=∞ÅHÀâ◊=ÚÖ’ L#fl ^ÀëêʼnõΩ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ =ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. hà◊§#∞ ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∂, „Ѩu~ÀE K«hflà◊§ `«Å™êfl#O KÕã¨∂Î
LO>Ë 10, 15 ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. h\˜x =∞# Ѩ^Œúu „ѨHÍ~°O „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«#O J=_»O =Å#,
u<Õ@ѨC_»∞ h\˜x „`åQÆ#O^Œ∞=Å¡ r~°‚HÀâ◊=Ú `ÕeQÍæ LO@∞Ok. ^•x`À KåÖÏ=∞Ok `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ U=∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ÖˉõΩO_® ѨÓiÎQÍ
áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ~å=_®xH˜ 10, 12 HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞<åfl~Ú. ~°HOÎõ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ LO_»@O, ~°HOÎõ zHõ¯QÍ LO_»@O, h~°∞ `«‰Ωõ ¯=QÍ=_»O,
`«ÅÖ’ ~°HõÎ<åàÏÅ∞ ã¨#flyÅ¡_»O, >ˇ#¬<£H˜ K≥_»¤ ~°™êÜ«∞<åÅ∞ T~°_»O WÖÏ WOHÍ U HÍ~°}O KÕ`«<≥·<å ~å=K«∞Û. h~°∞ JxflO\˜Ö’#∂
ZO`À H˘O`« =∂~°∞Ê#∞ fã¨∞H˘x =ã¨∞Î#flk. =ÚYºOQÍ r~°‚HÀâ◊O ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_»@O KÕ`«<Õ Z‰õΩ¯= `«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú.
"≥∞ÿ„ÔQ·<£ =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞O
P~ÀQƺ Jaè=∂#∞ÅO^ŒiH˜ <å #=∞™ê¯~åÅ∞.
<Õ#∞ 20 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞QÍ "≥∞ÿ„ˆQ<£ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»∞K«∞<åfl#∞. `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê KåÖÏ qѨs`«OQÍ =KÕÛk. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x ^ŒÜ«∞=Å#
ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍi`À ѨiK«Ü«∞O U~°Ê_ç =¸_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ „H˜`«O LѨ"å㨠^èŒ~å‡xfl áê\˜OKå#∞. JѨÊ\˜ #∞Oz <å‰õΩ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê
~å=@O ÖË^Œ∞. JѨÊ\˜#∞Oz <Õ#∞ ~åAQÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡QÍ Jxfl xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ áê\˜OK«ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å#∞. J~Ú<å 5 b@~°∞¡ hà◊√§ =∂„`«O
=¸_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅÖ’ XHõ¯~ÀA ‰õÄ_® =∂#ÖË^Œ∞. XHÀ~ÀA 6,7 b@~°∞¡ ‰õÄ_® „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
ã¨∂~°º#=∞™ê¯~åÅ∞, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞O KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl#∞. 50% PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ áê\˜ã∞¨ <Î åfl#∞. `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê `«y#æ k. WѨÊ\˜=~°‰Ωõ _®Hõ~ì ∞°
^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥à◊§=Åã≤# J=ã¨~°O ~åÖË^Œ∞. P~ÀQƺO KåÖÏ ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞#flk. D PǨ~°O <å =∞#ã¨∞ûx „ѨâßO`«OQÍ LOK«∞`«∞#flk. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O
=∂ WO\˜Ö’x "å~°∞ JO^Œ~°∂ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl~°∞. D hà◊√§ „`åQÆ@O =Å# J~°∞QÆ∞^ŒÅ ÉÏQÆ∞#flk. L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl 2,3 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ@O
=Å# qˆ~K«#O KåÖÏ ™êѶ‘QÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok. K«^Œ∞=Ù‰õΩ<Õ Ñ≤šʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® L^ŒÜ«∞O h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞O KÕÜ«∞@O =Å# PHõe
ÃÑiyOk. `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê `«yæOk. WÖÏ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å# =∂ |O^èŒ∞=ÙÅ∞ JO^Œi P~ÀQͺÅÖ’#∞ =∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê =zÛ#k. _®II ~åAQÍ~°∞
K≥Ñ≤Ê# PǨ~°Ñ¨Ù JÅ"å@¡#∞ ZO`« =~°‰õΩ áê\˜¿ãÎ JO`«‰õΩ Ô~\˜ìOѨ٠Ѷ¨e`åxfl á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ∞QÆ∞K«∞<åfl=Ú. PÜ«∞# =∞#HõO^ŒiH˜ ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞
WzÛ# =~°O. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ =∂ ^è#Œ º"å^•Å∞.
^•@¡ Lëê~å}˜,
`å_ÕѨe¡ QÆ∂_≥O, á¶È<£ : 21688
h\˜`À<Õ áê~°≈fiѨ٠<˘Ñ≤Ê áÈ~Ú#k
_®Hõì~°∞ QÍi¯ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞
<Õ#∞ =∞# ~å„+¨ì ~°H}
∆õ =º=ã¨Ö÷ ’ ѨxKÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl#∞. g∞ ѨÙã¨HÎ =õ Ú#∞ QÆ∞iOz =∂ "Õ∞_»"∞£ QÍ~°∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ , "Õ∞=∞O`å PK«iã¨∞<Î åfl=Ú, g∞‰õΩ
#zÛ`Õ g∞~°∞ ‰õÄ_® PK«iOz K«∂_»O_ç Jx K≥Ñ≤Ê<å~°∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ g∞~°∞ „"åã≤# ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«k"å#∞. JO^Œ∞Ö’ „"åã≤# q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ "åãÎ̈"åxH˜
KåÖÏ ^ŒQÆæ~°QÍ, ZO`À J^Œ∞ƒù`«OQÍ L<åfl~Ú. <Õ#∞ „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O =∞Oz h~°∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞.
<Õ#∞ KåÖÏ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç áê~°≈fiѨ٠<˘Ñ≤Ê`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl#∞. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃# `«~åfi`« áê~°≈fiѨ٠<˘Ñ≤Ê Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«yæOk.
XHõ¯ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# WO`« =∞Oz Ѷ¨e`«=Ú á⁄Ok#O^Œ∞‰õΩ <å‰õΩ ZO`À P#O^ŒOQÍ =Ù#flk. „Ѩu~ÀE â◊s~°OÖ’ =Ù#fl =º~°÷=Ú HõѶ¨O
~°∂ѨOÖ’ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=ÙK«∞#flk. <å á⁄@ì Wk=~°‰õΩ KåÖÏ =∞O^Œ=ÚQÍ (Ѩ@∞ìH˘O>Ë ^Œà◊ã¨iQÍ) =ÙO_Õk. WѨÙ_»∞ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ =ÙOk JO>Ë
„H˘=Ùfi `«yæáÈ~ÚO^Œx `≥Å∞ã¨∞Î#flk. JÖψQ qˆ~K«#=Ú W|ƒOk ÖˉõΩO_® KåÖÏ „Ѷ‘QÍ J=Ù`«∞#flk. XHõ ~ÀA =∞Ozh~°∞ `«y#xfl „`åQÆHõáÈ`Õ
=¸„`«=Ú ~°OQÆ∞, "åã¨# =ã¨∞ÎOk. qˆ~K«#=Ú ‰õÄ_® =∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞ÎOk. HÍ|\˜ì â◊s~åxH˜ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „Ѩu ~ÀE
J=ã¨~°=∞ø`«∞O^Œx J#∞Éèí=ѨÓ~°fiHõ=ÚQÍ `≥Å∞™ÈÎOk. JO^Œ∞=Å# <Õ#∞ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl#∞. WHõ #∞O_ô "≥ÚÅÔHuÎ#
q`«Î#=ÚÅ∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O fã≤H˘O@∂, LѨCÖËx PǨ~°O g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ fã≤H˘x ѨÓiÎ P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^•Åx J#∞H˘O@∞<åfl#∞. WÖÏO\˜
=∞Oz ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ∞ „"åã≤# g∞‰õΩ <å Jaè#O^Œ#Å∞.
S.K. Ãã·^•,
Ô~_ç¤QÆ∂_≥O, QÆ∞O@∂~°∞.
4) =∞Å|^ŒúHõO #∞O_ç ѨÓiÎ x"å~°} : h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åy#O^Œ∞=Å¡ =∞ÅO QÆ\˜ìѨ_ç ZO_çáÈ~Ú „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ Ѩ@∞ìH˘x áÈ`«∞Ok.
^•x`À „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ [~°QÆHõ Z‰õΩ¯= |^ŒúHõO =ã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. =∞Oz PǨ~°O u#flѨÊ\˜H© ã¨Ô~·# h~°∞ ÖËHõáÈ`Õ qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ
J=fi^Œ∞. =∞ÅO "≥∞`«ÎQÍ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ JO@∞HÀ‰õΩO_® ZѨÊ\˜ HõѨC_»∞ [~°QÍÅO>Ë h\˜x ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ_»"Õ∞. h\˜x 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O
=Å# 100H˜ 90 =∞OkH˜ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ~Ú ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«#O J=ÙK«∞#flk. h\˜x =∞#O K≥ѨC‰õΩ#fl Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åQÆ_»O J<Õk =∞Å|^ŒúHÍxfl
áÈQ˘@ì_®xH˜ KåÖÏ ^ÀǨÏ^ŒO KÕã¨∞Î#flk. XHõ¯™êˆ~ á⁄@ìxO_® h\˜x „`åy, =∞#ã¨∞û ÃÑ\˜ì PÖ’zOz, ÉÏQÍ =∞ÅO HõkÖÏHõ ^˘_À¡H˜
"≥à◊§_»O J<Õk JO^ŒiH© ZO`«QÍ<À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞Î#flk. á⁄~Úºg∞^Œ ‰õÄ~°Ö’ Zã¨~°∞ `«yæ`Õ, ‰õÄ~° y<≥flÖ’ JO@∞‰õΩ áÈ=_»"≥∂ ÖË^•
=∂_çáÈ=_»"≥∂ [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. =∞#Ö’ ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ `«yæ`Õ =∞ÅO JÖψQ J=Ù`«∞#flk. h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Oz^Œx ã¨ÅǨ!

5) x„^Œ Ѩ@ì_»O : x„^Œ Ѩ@ìHõ áÈ=_®xH˜ HÍ~°}ÏÅ<ÕHõO LO\Ï~Ú. =ÚYºOQÍ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO, r~°‚HÀâ◊OÖ’ ^ÀëêÅ∞, `«ÅH˜ ~°HõÎ „Ѩã¨~°}
ã¨iQÍ [~°∞QÆHõ áÈ=_»O, >ˇ#¬<£û, a.Ñ≤.Å∞ "≥ÚIIq Z‰õΩ¯= W|ƒOkx Hõeyã¨∂Î =ÙO\Ï~Ú. ÃÑ· HÍ~°}ÏÅ =Å# x„^ŒÑ¨@ìHõ áÈ=_»=∞<Õk
=¿ãÎ h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡ P HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ x"åiOѨ|_»@O ^•fi~å x„^ŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# „Ѩu~ÀE ã¨∞Y qˆ~K«#
=∞=fi_»O =Å# Xà◊√§ `ÕeÔH· KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ Ǩ~ÚQÍ x„^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok.
=∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ~ÚOk–ã¨∞Yx„^Œ Ѩ_»∞`ÀOk
<å‰õΩ 13,14 Uà◊§ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û #∞O_ç =∞Å|^ŒúHõO LO_Õk. Ô~O_»∞ ~ÀAÅH˜ XHõ™êi qˆ~K«#O JÜÕ∞ºk. JѨÙÊ_»∞ <å‰õΩ JO`« „áê|¡"£∞
JxÑ≤OKÕk HÍ^Œ∞. ÃÑà◊§~Ú „ÃÑÔQflO\òQÍ _®Hõì~°∞x HõÅã≤#ѨÙ_»∞ – <å‰õΩ Jã¨Å∞ "≥∂+¨<£ „Ѷ‘QÍ J=fi^Œx, ~ÀE qˆ~K«#O JÜÕ∞º@∞¡QÍ \Ïɡ¡\òû
„"åã≤=fiO_»x J_çQÍ#∞. P‰õΩ‰õÄ~°Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uO>Ë qˆ~K«#=Ú ™êѶ‘QÍ J=Ù`«∞O^Œx K≥a`Õ JÖψQ J<åfl#∞. J~Ú<å ‰õÄ_® ÖË^Œ∞.
Hõ_»∞ѨO`å QÆ\˜ìQÍ, JѨÙ_Õ u#fl@∞ìQÍ LO_Õk. „á⁄^Œ∞Ì# uO>Ë ~å„uH˜ Jã¨Å∞ PHõe "Õ¿ãk HÍ^Œ∞. KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ ~å„uà◊√§ u<Õ^•xfl QÍ^Œ∞.
JÖÏQÆ u#‰õΩO_® LO>Ë<Õ Hõ_»∞Ѩ٠`ÕeHõQÍ LO_Õk. „á⁄^Œ∞Ì# ÖËz# `À_ç^Õ Hõ_»∞Ѩ٠MÏmQÍ, `ÕeHõQÍ, PHõeQÍ LO>Ë ÉÏ=ÙO_Õ^Œx JxÊOKÕk.
HÍx Hõ_»∞ѨO`å QÆ\˜ìQÆ LO_ç, PHõe "≥Ü«∞º‰õΩO_® KåÖÏ JhrQÍ =ÙO_Õk. =∂„`«Å∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë QÆ\˜ìQÍ, LO_»Å∞QÍ qˆ~K«#O JÜÕ∞ºk.
Hõ_»∞ѨO`å Laƒ Qͺãπ á¶ê~ü‡ JÜÕ∞ºk. <≥Å„H˜`«O =~°‰õΩ <Õ#∞ WÖÏO\˜ Ѩiã≤÷uÖ’<Õ =Ù<åfl#∞. WѨÙ_»∞ <å‰õΩ 41 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞. <å‰õΩ
„Ѩf~ÀE f„="≥∞#ÿ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê. nxH˜`À_»∞ x„^Œ Ѩ@^ì ∞Œ . 18 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ |\ì̃ z„`«=^è#Œ ∞ J#∞Éèqí ã¨∞<Î åfl#∞. KåÖÏ =∞Ok ÃãÊ+¨eã¨∞Åì #∞,
Ǩϟq∞Ü≥∂Ѩu, PÜ«Úˆ~fi^ŒO "≥·^Œ∞ºÅ#∞ ‰õÄ_® Hõe™ê#∞. Ѷ¨e`«=Ú =∂„`«O ÖË^Œ∞. WO`«=∞Ok _®Hõì~üûx Hõeã≤<å D `«Å<˘Ñ≤Êx #Ü«∞=Ú
KÕÜ«∞ÖËx gà◊§ K«^Œ∞=ÙÅ∞ Uq∞@x _®Hõì~°¡ g∞^Œ qã¨∞QÆ∞, HÀѨ=Ú ‰õÄ_® =KÕÛq. <å‰õΩ qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ JÜÕ∞º@∞¡ K≥Ü«∞º=∞x, x„^Œ Ѩ>Ëì@∞ìQÍ
K≥Ü«∞º=∞x, x„^Œ∞O>Ë<Õ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê #∞Oz ibѶπQÍ LO@∞O^Œx „Ѩf _®Hõì~ü ^ŒQÆæ~° K≥¿ÑÊ^•xfl. Ãã·H˜Ü«∂„\˜ã¨∞ì „"åã≤zÛ# QÀbÅ HÀ~°∞û "å_ç#xfl
~ÀAÅ∞, 24 QÆO@Å∞ x„^Œ`À\˜ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê H˘OK≥=Ú `«yæ#@∞ìQÍ JxÑ≤OKÕk. P `«~åfi`« P QÀbÅ∞ ѨxK≥Ü«∞ºHõ, W@∞ L#fl x„^Œ‰õÄ_® áÈ~Ú,
`≥Å¡"å~°∞¡ x„^ŒÑ¨@ìHõ qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê`À KåÖÏ J=ã¨÷Ѩ_®¤#∞. WO`«HõO>Ë z„`«=^èŒ WOˆHq∞ LO_»^Õ"≥∂. <å [|∞ƒx QÆ∞iOz g∞H˜^ŒO`å
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ „"åã¨∞Î<åfl#∞ JO>Ë =∞# ~ÀQÆ x~°∂‡Å#H˜ – hà◊§H˜, qˆ~K«<åxH˜ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ ã¨O|O^èŒ=Ú L#fl^Œ<Õ q+¨Ü«∞=Ú ã¨Ê+ì̈=∞=Ù`«∞#fl^Œx,
<å J#∞Éè=í =Ú ^•fi~å K≥Ñʨ QÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞.
_®Hõì~°∞ ~åAQÍ~°∞ ~°zOz# 'ѨiѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQͺxH˜ „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#=Ú—J<Õ z#fl ѨÙã¨ÎHõ=Ú K«kq 2–4–2001 `Õn #∞O_ç hà◊√§
„`åQÆ@O „áê~°OaèOKå#∞. "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ „á⁄^Œ∞Ì<Õfl hà◊√§ „`åQÆ@O JO>Ë KåÖÏ Hõ+¨ìO JxÑ≤OKÕk. "å~°O ~ÀAÅÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O
JÅ"å@~ÚºOk. h~°∞ „`åy# =¸_»= ~ÀA #∞O_Õ ~ÀAH˜ 2,3 ™ê~°∞¡ qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok. x„^ŒÖËz# "≥O@<Õ h~°∞ „`åy# Ѩk
xq∞ëêʼnõΩ XHõ™êi J=Ù`«∞Ok. QÆO@ `«~åfi`« h~°∞ „`åy<åHõ XHõ™êi, ™êÜ«∞O„`«O 6 QÆO@ʼnõΩ h~°∞ „`åQÍHõ =∞~˘Hõ™êi qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ
J=Ù`«∞Ok. QÆ\˜ì^Œ#O áÈ~Ú Hõ_»∞Ѩ٠`ÕeHõQÍ LOk, PHõe ÉÏQÆ∞QÍ JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨÙ_»∞
Hõ_»∞Ѩ٠xO_® hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl#∞. JxflO\˜Hõ<åfl =ÚYºOQÍ Z<Àfl Uà◊§ |\ì̃ x„^ŒÖËq∞`À J=ã¨÷, z„`«=^èŒ#∞ J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î#fl <å‰õΩ WѨÙ_»∞
ZO`« =∞Oz x„^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞O^ŒO>Ë – Hõà◊√§ =¸ã¨∞‰õΩx Ѩ_»∞‰õΩO>Ë KåÅ∞ Ǩ~ÚQÍ x„^ŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞Ok. Wk Q˘Ñ¨Ê J#∞Éèí∂uQÍ, ^Õ=Ù_»∞ WzÛ#
Q˘Ñ¨Ê =~°OQÍ ÉèÏqã¨∂Î P#O^•xfl, ã¨O`Àëêxfl J#∞Éèíqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. U^À =∂=¸Å∞QÍ K«∂^•Ì=ÚÖË J#fl@∞¡QÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞#fl <Õ#∞, WO`«
J^Œ∞ƒù`«=ÚQÍ Ñ¶¨e`«O LO@∞O^Œx Jã¨Å∞ TÇ≤ÏOK«ÖË^Œ∞. WO`«\˜ P#O^•xH˜ HÍ~°‰õΩÅ~Ú# _®Hõì~°∞ QÍix HõÅ"åÅx, "åi ã¨ÅǨÅ#∞
áê\˜Oz q∞QÆ`å ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ `˘ÅyOK«∞HÀ"åÅx, "åi ^ŒQ~æÆ ‰° Ωõ 19–4–2001 `Õn# "≥à§◊ _»O [iy#k. "å~°∞ „"åã≤# ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«kq, P
q^èŒOQÍ H˘xfl áê\˜OK«_»O ^•fi~å =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê `«yæ#k. Z@∞=O\˜ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® WO`« `˘O^Œ~°QÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜ«∞=Ù. WO`«\˜
J^Œ∞ƒù`« Ѷ¨e`åÅ#∞, P~ÀQͺxfl U=∞O^Œ∞Å∂ ÖˉõΩO_® „ѨHõ$u q^è•#O áê\˜ã¨∂Î, ~ÀE 5,6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „Hõ=∞Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åy`Õ á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û#x
K≥a`Õ Z=~°∂ #=∞‡~°∞. W@∞=O\˜ #=∞‡ÖËx x*Ïxfl J#∞ÉèíqOz`Õ QÍx J~°÷=Ú QÍ^Œ∞. =∞#Ö’x ~ÀQÆ x~°∂‡Å#‰õΩ – "≥Ú^Œ@, Ѩ^Œúu
„ѨHÍ~°OQÍ 5, 6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy ™êѶ‘QÍ 2,3 ™ê~°∞¡ qˆ~K«#O J=Ù`«∞O>Ë ~ÀQÆ x~°∂‡Å# HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞O "≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞O^Œx J=QÍǨÏ#
J~ÚºOk. WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ >ˇÿ=Ú „ѨHÍ~°O U Ѩh ã¨iQÍ KÕÜ«∂ÅxÑ≤OKÕk HÍ^Œ∞. h~°ã¨=Ú, |^ŒúHõOQÍ JxÑ≤OKÕk. D hà◊√§ „`åQÆ@=Ú,
™êѶ‘QÍ qˆ~K«#O J=_»O =Å¡, â◊s~°OÖ’ KåÖÏ L`åûǨÏ=Ú, K«∞~°∞‰õΩ^Œ#=Ú =zÛOk.
<Õ\˜ ã¨=∂[OÖ’ J<å~ÀQƺO, =∞O^Œ∞Å∂ =∂‰õΩÅ∂ JO@∂ „ѨuXHõ¯~°∞ _®Hõì~°¡ K«∞@∂ì u~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. "ÕʼnõΩ"ÕÅ∞ _»|∞ƒ ÃÑ@ì_»"Õ∞
QÍx, ZO`«=∞Ok ѨÓiÎ P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞? =∞#Ö’x ~ÀQÆx~°∂‡Å#‰õΩ U =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ J=ã¨~°O ÖˉõΩO_®, ~ÀQÆx~À^èŒHõ â◊H˜Îx
ÃÑOá⁄OkOz ã¨OѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQƺ=Ú HÍ"åÅ#∞H˘O>Ë, <Õ\˜ J<å~ÀQƺ ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#"Õ∞ ã¨iÜ≥ÿ∞# =∂~°æ=Ú Jx QÍ_è»OQÍ
#=Ú‡`«∞<åfl#∞. D q^èOŒ QÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å¡ HõeQˆ "Õ∞Å∞#∞, „ѨH$õ u r=# q^è•#=Ú#∞ <å‰õΩ `≥eã≤# "å~°O^ŒiH© ‰õÄ_® K≥ÑÙ¨ ÊK«∞<åfl#∞.
KåÖÏ=∞Ok h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì<å~°∞.
rq`åO`«O =∞#™êÎѨ=Ú `«Ñ¨Ê^Œx JâßOuQÍ „|`«∞‰õΩ`«∞#fl <å‰õΩ P~ÀQͺxfl, =∞#âß≈Oux HõÅ∞QÆKÕã≤, WO`«\˜ J^Œ$ëêìxfl <å‰õΩ
HõÅ∞QÆKÕã≤# _®Hõì~ü =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ rq`åO`«=Ú |∞∞}Ѩ_ç LO\Ï#∞. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ ã¨=∂*Ïxfl „ѨHõ$u r=# Ѩ^Œú`«∞Å
^•fi~å, `«=∞ J#∞Éèí"åÅ#∞ „Ѩ[ÅHõOkOz P~ÀQƺ=O`«O KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ~°x Ptã¨∂Î ÃãÅ=Ù fã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
N. ã¨∞‰õΩ=∂i,
áÈK«#fl¿Ñ@ áÈã¨∞,ì |K«Û#fl¿Ñ@ =∞O_»ÅO,
=~°OQÆÖò lÖÏ¡.
6) K«Hõ¯x PHõe ѨÙ_»∞`«∞Ok : qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ J=fix "åiH˜ PHõe `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO@∞Ok. `«‰õΩ¯= PHõe`À JÖÏ H˘O`« HÍňH∆ѨO
KÕã¨∂Î U^ÀHõ\˜ uO@∂ LO\Ï~°∞. ^•O`À H˘O`« HÍÖÏxH˜ ѨÓiÎQÍ PHõe `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. =∞ÖÏxfl áÈQ˘@∞ì HÀ‰õΩO_® PHõeH˜ ZO`«
HÍÅO =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç<å ÖÏÉèíO LO_»^Œ∞. ÃÑ·# K≥Ñ≤Ê#@∞¡ h\˜x ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# =∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ`«∞Ok. ^•O`À H˘O`« PHõe
ѨÙ_»∞`«∞Ok. h\˜x `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ"åiH˜, PǨ~åxfl JiyOK«_®xH˜ Tˆ~ r~å‚k~°™êÅ∞ h~°∞ KåÅHõ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ T~°`å~Ú. Jq
`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO>Ë 'PHõe =∞O^ŒO— =ã¨∞ÎOk h~°∞ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å K«Hõ¯QÍ r~å‚k~°™êÅ∞ `«Ü«∂~°=fi_»O ™êѶ‘QÍ qˆ~K«#O
J=fi_»O =Å# PHõe =∞O^•Å∞ áÈ~Ú r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ "≥∞~°∞Q“`«∞Ok.
7) Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú : h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# =KÕÛ Ñ¶¨e`å ÅxflO\˜Ö’ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞ KåÖÏ
=∞OkH˜ 2, 3 ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. =∞iH˘O`«=∞OkH˜ ™êÜ«∞OHÍÖÏxˆH =∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞Î#fl@∞¡ K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’
Ü«∂ã≤_»∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ZѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ JѨÙ_»∞ Ti, =∞O@Å#∞ Hõeyã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. h~°∞ Ü«∂ã≤_»¡‰õΩ q~°∞QÆ∞_»∞QÍ, =∞O^Œ∞ÖÏ „ѨÉèÏ"åxfl
"å\˜ÃÑ· K«∂ѨÙ`«∞Ok. Éè’[#O J~Ú# Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O =Å# á⁄@ìÖ’ PǨ~°O JiQÍHõ =KÕÛ =∞O@Å∞ ~å=Ù.
JѨÙ_»∞ =KÕÛ Ü«∂ã≤_»¡#∞ h~°∞ ѨÅ∞K«QÍ KÕã≤ "Õã¨∞ÎOk. =∞#O =¸_»∞ ѨÓ@ÖÏ „`åˆQh~°∞, Ü«∂ã≤_»∞¡ „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ· „ѨÉèÏ=O K«∂Ѩ‰õΩO_®
ѨÅ∞K«QÍ KÕã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. Zã≤_ç\©H˜ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk. Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =∞O@Å∞ "≥O@<Õ `«QÍæÅO>Ë 5, 6 b@~°¡ h~°∞
QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =∞s =∞Ozk.
8) Qͺãπ „@|∞Öò : r~°‚HÀâ◊O ã¨iQÍ Ñ¨x K≥Ü«∞ºx "åiH˜, =∞Å|^ŒúHõO L#fl "åiH˜ Qͺãπ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. xÅ∞==Ù#fl
=∞ÅѨ^•~°÷O #∞O_ç ǨxHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¨Ù\˜ì ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ QͺãπÅ#∞ q_»∞^ŒÅ KÕã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. P Qͺãπ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO =Å¡
„H˜O^ŒH˜ áÈ=_®xH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= J=HÍâ◊O LO_»^Œ∞. á⁄@ìÖ’x J~°QÆx PǨ~°O #∞O_ç ‰õÄ_® Qͺãπ ѨÙ_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. D Ô~O_»∞~°HÍÖˇ·#
QͺãπÅ`À á⁄@ì L|ƒ~°O =ã¨∞ÎOk. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# J@∞ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ`«∞Ok. u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆHõáÈ=_»O =Å#
PǨ~°O ÉÏQÍ r~°‚=∞=Ù`«∞Ok. D Ô~O_»∞ ~°HÍÅ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ h\˜ ^•fi~å ~å=_»O`À Qͺãπ„@|∞Öò `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O `«yæOk
„Ñ≤Ü∞« "≥∞#ÿ ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ ǨÏ$^ŒÜ∞« ѨÓ~°fiHõ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À „"åÜ«Ú#k. <Õ#∞ g∞ J=¸Åº"≥∞#ÿ LѨ<åºã¨=ÚÅ ^•fi~å
„¿Ñˆ~Ñ≤OѨ|_ç# "å_ç<≥·, "≥Ú@ì"≥Ú^Œ\˜™êiQÍ g∞~°∞ `≥eÑ≤# „ѨHÍ~°O P~°∞ b@~°¡ h\˜x ~ÀE fã¨∞HÀ=@O JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞H˘x =∞Oz
Ѷe¨ `«=ÚÅ#∞ á⁄Ok<å#∞.
<å‰õΩ Éèí∞HÍÎÜ«∂ã¨=Ú `«yæ#k. Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæ#k. `ÕeHõQÍ r~°‚=Ú J~Ú#@∞¡ J#∞Éèí∂u HõÅ∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞
™êy L#fl á⁄@ì–WѨÙ_»∞ ֒ѨʼnõΩ áÈ~Ú JO^Œ qHÍ~åxfl á⁄Q˘@∞ìH˘O\˜x.x„^Œ ÖËz# Ñ≤^ŒÑ¨ "≥Ú^Œ@ q_»`« „`åˆQ 11/2 b@~°¡ h~°∞`À
„¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÃÑ· =∞Oz XuÎ_ç Hõey qˆ~K«#O H˘OK≥O QÆ\˜ìQÍ qã¨i˚OѨ|_»∞ `«∞#flk. `«~°∞"å`« q_»`« 11/2 b@~°¡ h~°∞`À qˆ~K«#=Ú Ñ¨ÅÛQÍ–h~°∞
ÖÏQÆ∞# qã¨i˚OѨ|_ç =∞ÖÏâ◊Ü«∞=Ú `ÕeHõ JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. Wk =~°‰õΩ L#fl Qͺãπ á¶êˆ~‡+¨<£ QÍx, Zã≤_ç\© QÍx, ѨÙe„`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ QÍx WѨÙ_»∞
Jã¨ÖË=∂„`«O ÖË=Ù.
g\˜H˜ `À_»∞ ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅ=Ú QÆOII 6–30 ֒ѨÙ<Õ ~å„u Éè’[#O fã¨∞H˘#∞ K«∞<åfl#∞. ^•x =Å# Éè’[#O =∞iO`« `ÕeHõQÍ r~°‚=Ú
J~Úº ZO`À LÖÏ¡ã¨=ÚQÍ L`åûǨÏ=ÚQÍ LO_ç, |^ŒÌHõ=Ú =ke#k. Ü«¸i#s W<≥ÊùHõ∆<£ ‰õÄ_® =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞O J~Ú#k. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O q∞QÆ`å
xÜ«∞=∞=ÚÅ∞ áê\˜OK«∞@‰õΩ, LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"ÕÜÚ« @‰õΩ „ѨÜ∞« `«fl=Ú KÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl#∞. g∞~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ „ѨH$õ u r=# q^è•#OÖ’x H˘xfl
xÜ«∞=∂Å#∞, =ÚYºOQÍ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl PK«i¿ãÎ<Õ <åÖ’ Wxfl =∞Oz =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ Hõey P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^ŒQÆey#ѨÙ_»∞ WHõ 100 âß`«O g∞~°∞
K≥¿ÑÊ „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ PK«i¿ãÎ ZO`« "Õ∞Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞O^À <å TǨωõΩ JO^Œ@O ÖË^Œ∞.
<å D J#∞Éèí=O ^•fi~å <åÖÏ Zã≤_ç\©, Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ ã¨=∞㨺Å∞#fl "å~°O^Œ~°∂ g∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ P~ÀQƺ ã¨O^Õâß#flO^Œ∞H˘x
„ѨÜ≥∂[#O á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°x =∞# ã¨∂ÊùiÎQÍ qâ◊fiã≤ã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
D. JáêÊ~å=Ù,
D 1 á¶ê\ ¡ ,ò _À~ü <≥O. 1–9–12/3,
™ê~Ú~å"£∞ Jáê~üì"≥∞O\òû, ÃãHÍì~ü–1,
Z"£∞.q.Ñ≤. HÍÅh, qâßYѨ@flO–17.
9) JÅû~üûH˜ H˘O`« LѨâ◊=∞#O: ˆH=ÅO h~°∞ „`åy#O^Œ∞=Å¡ D W|ƒOk áÈÜÕ∞ "å~°∞ KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯==∞Ok LO\Ï~°∞. h\˜`Àáê@∞
PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂ÅÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê KÕã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞<åfl~Ú. JÅû~üû ~å=_®xH˜ J<ÕHõ"≥∞ÿ# HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. >ˇÿ=Ú‰õΩ Éè’[#O
KÕÜ«∞Hõ áÈ=_»O, \©Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O, „¿ÑQÆ∞Ö’ lQÆ∞~°∞ `«QÆæ_»O, Ü«∂ã≤_»∞¡ Z‰õΩ¯= HÍ~°_»O „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ JѨHÍ~°O KÕ¿ã ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂Å∞
WÖÏ WOHÍ Z<Àfl HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞. h\˜x 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ QÀ~°∞"≥K«ÛQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk. h\˜ =Å# JÅû~üû =∞O@ KåÖÏ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#flk. h\˜x
„`åˆQ q^è•#O ã¨iQÍ LO>Ë "å\˜`À JO`« ÉÏ^èŒ LO_»^Œ∞. h\˜ =Å# á⁄@ì „¿ÑQÆ∞ÅÖ’ lQÆ∞~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«Ü«∂~°~Úº <≥Ñ≤Ê #∞O_ç
LѨâ=◊ ∞#O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞#flk.
Zã≤_ç\©, _çÜ≥∂_»#Öò JÅû~üÅ #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î
<å‰õΩ _çÜ≥∂_»#Öò JÅû~ü, Zã≤_ç\©, ZÅs˚, qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# >ˇ#¬<£Å∞ LO_Õq. H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, ~å„uà◊√§, ѨQÆÅ∂ ‰õÄ_® x„^Œ Ѩ@ìHõáÈ=_»O,
JÅû~ü ™êÊ\òÖ’ HõO\˜#∂º ÃÑ~Ú<£ =ã¨∂Î LO_Õk. ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ 10 ã¨OIIÅ #∞O_ç JÅû~ü <˘Ñ≤Ê LO_Õk. Zxfl WOw¡+¨µ, Ǩϟq∞Ü≥∂
=∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç<å 㨈~ ÃÑ~Ú<£ H˘xfl Hõ∆}ÏÅ∞ `«yæ =∞~°Å, =∞~°Å =KÕÛk. PǨ~°O u#@O U =∂„`«O ÖË@∞ J~Ú<å á⁄@ì JO`å ѨzÛ
ѨÙO_»∞ ÖÏQÍ LO_Õk. <å‰õΩ á⁄@ìÖ’ á⁄~° ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~ÚOk. =ÚYºOQÍ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õk.
h~°∞ ~ÀAH˜ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O, „ѨHõ$u PǨ~°O fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =Å# =zÛ# Ѷ¨e`åÅ∞.
1) ã≤QÆÔ~@∞¡, H˜m§ JÅ"å@∞ áÈ~ÚOk.
2) á⁄@ìÖ’ ѨzÛѨÙO_»∞ `«yæáÈ~Ú, =∞Oz á⁄~° U~°Ê_çOk =∞iÜ«Ú á⁄@ìÖ’ "åºkè x~À^èŒHõâ◊H˜Î ÃÑiyOk.
3) JÅû~ü ™êÊ\ò =^ŒÌ L#fl <˘Ñ≤Ê Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈ~ÚOk. WѨÙ_»∞ U „Ѩ^Õâ◊OÖ’#∂ ÃÑ~Ú<£ ÖË^Œ∞.
4) PǨ~°OÖ’ =∂~°∞Ê KÕÜ«∞_»O =Å# =∞Å|^ŒúHõO =Å# =zÛ# ZÅs˚Å∞ `«yæáÈÜ«∂~Ú.
5) J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# h\˜ ^•fi~å Zã≤_ç\© HõO„\’Å∞ J~Úº =∞Oz K«Hõ¯x PHõe U~°Ê_çOk.
6) <å‰õΩ L#fl >ˇ#<¬ £ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~Ú, =∂#ã≤Hõ „ѨâßO`«`« U~°Ê_ç#k.
_®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# h~°∞ „`åˆQ q^è•#O áê\˜OK«_»O =Å# <ÕxO`« P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞_»∞x J=QÆeQÍ#∞. h\˜x „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ JOQÆ\˜ÃÑ·
PÖ’K«# ÃÑ\˜ì „`åy`Õ Jã¨ûÅ∞ W|ƒOk LO_»^Œ∞. ÉÏQÍ h~°∞ „`åy`Õ W|ƒOk L#fl"å~°∞, <À\˜ xO_® h~°∞ fã¨∞‰õΩx XHõ¯Hõ∆}O Py
q∞Oy "ÕÜ«∞=K«∞Û, J\Ï¡ HõO\˜#∂ºQÍ b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û. h~°∞ =∞#‰õΩ Ô~O_»= PǨ~°O, h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞x+≤H˜ â◊H˜Î=O`«OQÍ
LO@∞Ok.
_®Hõì~ü QÍ~°∞ =∂#"åoH˜ „Ѩ™êkOz# D h~°∞ „`åˆQ Ѩ^Œúu, „ѨHõ$u q^è•#=Ú =Å# c^Œ"å_çH©, ^èŒ#=O`«∞_çH© ã¨=∂#OQÍ JO^Œ~°∂
P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^Õ J^Œ$+¨ìO HõeyOk. "åi ¿ã=Å∞ =∞iO`« qã¨Î$`«=∞~Úº JO^Œ~°∂ ã¨OѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å∞ HÍ"åÅx Ptã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
N.V.S. =¸iÎ(ÉÏÅ),
cè=∞=~°O, á¶È#∞ : 27799
10) h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å H˘O`« |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞ : |~°∞=Ù ÃÑiˆQ"åiÖ’ h\˜âß`«O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. LO_»=Åã≤# h\˜HõO>Ë
Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ "åiÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩO@∞Ok. |~°∞=Ù ÃÑiˆQ"å~°∞ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ LO\Ï~°∞. Jã¨ÖË ÖÏ=ÙQÍ L<åfl=Ú. WOHÍ h~°∞
„`åy`Õ WOHÍ ÖÏ=Ù J~ÚáÈ`å=Ú Jx KåÖÏ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ ֒ѨŠxÅ∞=
LO@∂ LO@∞Ok. h\˜ xÅ∞= ÃÑiˆQ H˘nÌ |~°∞=Ù ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`å~°∞. h\˜x 5 #∞O_ç 7 b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ ~ÀE „`åQÆ∞`«∞O>Ë "≥Ú^Œ\˜ 20
~ÀAÅÖ’ â◊s~°OÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#fl h~°O`å áÈ~Ú 20 ˆHrÅ∞ |~°∞=Ù Z‰õΩ¯= L<åfl"å~°∞. 5, 6 ˆHrÅ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æ`«∞<åfl~°∞. PǨ~°O
=∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ <≥ÅÖ’ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆ∞æK«∞<åfl~°∞. Ô~O_»= <≥Å #∞O_ô h\˜`À áê@∞ PǨ~°O =∂i¿ãÎ `«QÆ∞æ`å~°∞, ÖËHõáÈ`Õ
 JÖÏ<Õ LO\Ï~°∞. h\˜x ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡ â◊s~°OÖ’ PǨ~° Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ „H˘=ÙfiQÍ =∂ˆ~ „Ѩ„H˜Ü«∞ ѨÓ~°fiOÖÏ K«∞~°∞QÍæ [~°∞QÆ^Œ∞.
Hˆ =ÅO h\˜<Õ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ |~°∞=Ù ÃÑ~°∞QƉΩõ O_® HÍáê_»∞‰õΩ<Õ "å~°∞<åfl~∞° . h\˜x Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_O» J<Õk |~°∞=Ù `«Q_æÆ ®xH˜ ã¨ÇϨ Hõiã¨∞#Î flk.
|~°∞=Ù `«yæOk
Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÅ∞ _®II ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞. <å ¿Ñ~°∞ t=~å=Ù. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 41 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <Õ#∞ WO_çÜ∞« <£ F=~üãã‘ π
ÉϺO‰õΩÖ’ XOQÀÅ∞ âßYÖ’ ѨxKÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl#∞.
QÆ`« ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú JO>Ë 2000 ã¨OII=Ú U„Ñ≤Öò =∂ã¨=ÚÖ’ <å q∞„`«∞_ç ^•fi~å <Õ#∞ _®Hõì~ü QÍix QÆ∞iOz qx "åi LѨ<庙êxH˜
"≥àϧ#∞. P ~ÀA ''h~°∞–^•x LѨÜ∂≥ QÍÅ∞—— J#fl q+¨Ü∞« O g∞^Œ ^•^•Ñ¨Ù 2 QÆO@Å LѨ<åºã¨=Ú [iy#k. JHõ¯_»‰Ωõ =zÛ# [# ã¨O^ÀǨÏ=Ú#∞
K«∂z Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈÜ«∂#∞. h\˜ QÆ∞iOz PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ qx, JѨÊ\˜ =~°‰õÄ Z=~°∂ K≥ѨÊx, ZHõ¯_® q#x =∞Oz q+¨Ü«∂Å∞
`≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞.
PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# suÖ’ 11.7.2000 <å\˜ #∞O_ç _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# „ѨHÍ~°=Ú hà◊√§
(Z) L^ŒÜ∞« O ÖË=QÍ<Õ 11/2 b@~°∞¡
(a) "åºÜ«∂=∞O `«~åfi`« 11/2 b@~°∞¡
(ã≤) =∞^蕺ǨÏflO Éè’[<åxH˜ J~°QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞ 1 b@~°∞
(_ç) ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅO 1 ÖËHõ 2 b@~°∞¡. D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ D ~ÀA =~°‰õΩ „`åQÆ∞K«∞<åfl#∞. WÖÏ „`åQÆ@O =Å# <å‰õΩ Hõey# „ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅ∞....
1. <Õ#∞ 71 ˆHrÅ∞ |~°∞=Ù`À J<ÕHõ W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ Ѩ_Õ"å_çx. k#K«~°ºÖ’ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl 100% áê\˜OK«_»O =Å# „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ |~°∞=Ù `«yæ
WѨÙ_»∞ 58 ˆHrÅ =^ŒÌ xÅHõ_»QÍ L<åfl#∞. ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 13 ˆHrÅ∞ P~ÀQƺHõ~°OQÍ `«QÍæ#∞. â◊s~°O `ÕeHõQÍ#∞, aQÆ∞=ÙQÍ#∞ LOk.
2. L^ŒÜ«∞O „Ѷ‘"≥∂+¨<£ J=Ù`«∞#flk. Wk =~°‰õΩ Ô~O_»=™êi JÜÕ∞ºk HÍ^Œ∞. WѨÙ_»∞ "åºÜ«∂=∞=Ú KÕã≤# `«~°∞"å`« hà◊√§ „`åy PÖ’K«#
KÕã#≤ Ñ≤^ÑŒ ¨ ~Ô O_»=™êi ã¨∞Y qˆ~K«#O JQÆ∞K«∞#flk.
3. WO`«‰Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ <å‰õΩ <À\˜ #∞O_ç K≥_∞» "åã¨# =KÕÛk. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_O» "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃# `«~∞° "å`« <À~°O`å „ÃѶ+Qπ Í LO_ç ^Œ∞~åfiã¨#Å∞
Jã¨Å∞ ~å=_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
4. ~ÀE K«hfl\˜ ™êfl#=Ú =Å# `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈ~Ú#k.
5. D k# K«~°º=Å# <å‰õΩ |¡_£ ã¨∞QÆ~ü WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ 120mg LO_Õk. Jk „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O 100mg ֒ѨÙQÍ<Õ L#flk.
6. a.Ñ≤. WO`«‰Ωõ =ÚO^Œ∞ K«∂_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ . D k#K«~º° "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì `«~∞° "å`« 110/70 LO@∞#flk.
7. *Ï~ÚO\ò ÃÑ~Ú<£û `«QÆæ_»O =Å# Jxfl Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞.
8. Wk =~°Hõ\˜ÖÏ Éè’[#O u<Õ@ѨC_»∞, u#fl "≥O@<Õ H͉õΩO_® Ѩ^Œúu „ѨHÍ~°O „`åQÆ_»O =Å# á⁄@ì `«yæ#k.
W=hfl <Õ#∞ á⁄Ok# Ѷ¨e`åÅ∞... _®Hõì~üQÍi LѨ<庙êÅ∞ qO@∂, ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ áê\˜ã¨∂ÎO>Ë "åi ^ŒÜ«∞=Å# <å‰õΩ U W|ƒOk ÖˉõΩO_®
P~ÀQƺ=Ú ÉÏQÍ L#flk. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ U „ѨuѶ¨Å=Ú PtOK«‰õΩO_® P~ÀQƺ=Ú QÆ∞iOz KåÖÏ =∞Oz ã¨O^ÕâßÅ#∞ JOkã¨∂Î ZO`À=∞OkH˜
^Õ=Ù_çÖÏ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. _®Hõì~üQÍi ^•fi~å P ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ =∞Ô~O`À =∞OkH˜ ã¨∞Yr=#=Ú HõeyOKåÅx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
P. t=~å=Ù,
WO_çÜ«∞<£ F=~üã‘ãπ ÉϺO‰õΩ,
„@O‰õΩ ~À_»∞¤, XOQÀÅ∞–523 001
h~°∞ „`åy`Õ |~°∞=Ù `«yæOk
^≥=· ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙÖˇ#· N =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞ã¨∞ûÅ`À Z<£. Hõ$+¨=‚ ¸iÎ „"åÜ«Ú#k.
JÜ«∂º! „Ѩ[ʼnõΩ g∞~°∞ KÕ¿ã ¿ã= ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_»∞ ‰õÄ_® K≥Ü«∞º_Õ"≥∂ JxÊOK«∞K«∞#flk. g∞~°∞ „"åã≤# ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«kq, g∞ LѨ<åºã¨O
qO>Ë–Jk ѨÓiÎQÍ PK«i¿ãÎ =∞x+≤H˜ ~ÀQÆO J#fl^Õ ~å^Œ∞. _®Hõì~°∞¡, Ǩã≤Ê@Öòû Jhfl =¸`«Ñ¨_»=Åã≤#^Õ. =∞O^Œ∞Å ëêѨÙŠѨ<ÕÖË^Œ∞. H˘xfl HÀ@¡
~°∂áêÜ«∞Å∞ ^ÕâßxH˜ ÖÏaèã¨∞ÎOk. „Ѩ[ÅO`å ã¨∞aèHõ∆OQÍ P~ÀQƺOQÍ LO\Ï~°∞.
D ~ÀA "≥^· ºŒ O ZÖÏ LO^ŒO>Ë U z#fl ã¨=∞㨺HÔ <· å "ÕÅ ~°∂áêÜ«∞Å∞ KÕ¿ã >ˇã∞¨ Åì ∞, Z‰õΩûˆ~Å∞ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q J~Ú# `«~∞° "å`Õ "≥^· ºŒ O
"≥Ú^ŒÅ=Ù`«∞Ok. WHõ JѨCÅ∞ KÕã≤ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ H˘#_»O, "å_»_»O, QÆ∞}O Hõ#|_ô Hõ#Ѩ_»Hõ áÈ=_»O, =∞m§ WOH˘Hõ _®Hõì~°∞ ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ ѨiÔQ`«Î_»O...
WÖÏ rq`«O JO`å ''=∞O^Œ∞Å J@ìʼnõΩ–~°Hõ~°HÍÅ >ˇã¨∞ìʼnõΩ—— ã¨iáÈ`«∞Ok. ''JѨCKÕã≤ =∞O^Œ∞Å ‰õÄ_»∞—— J#fl K«O^ŒOQÍ `«Ü«∂~°~ÚOk.
LѨâ◊=∞#"Õ∞ QÍx "åºkè x~°∂‡Å# [~°QÆ@O ÖË^Œ∞. W@∞=O\˜ Ѩiã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ g∞ ѨÙ}º=∂ Jx ''PO„^èŒ [<å=oH˜–P~ÀQƺ =∂~°æO—— g∞ „ѨHõ$u
r=# q^è•#O ^•fi~å ÅaèOzOk. <å q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ – g∞ LѨ<庙êÅ ^•fi~å, g∞ ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ ^•fi~å <Õ#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩ#fl q+¨Ü∂« Å#∞ PK«~} ° Ö’
ÃÑ@ì_»O ^•fi~å P~ÀQƺs`åº <Õ#∞ á⁄Ok# P#O^•xfl D L`«Î~°O ^•fi~å g∞`À ѨOK«∞HÀ=_»O <å J^Œ$+¨ìOQÍ ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. =ÚYºOQÍ g∞~°∞
K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ h\˜x „`åQÆ@O =Å# <å‰õΩ Hõey# „ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅ#∞ „H˜O^Œ q=iã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
<å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 58 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <å |~°∞=Ù 85 ˆHrÅ∞. g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ ''h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O—— PK«iã¨∂Î ~ÀAH˜ 6 #∞Oz 8 b@~°¡ h\˜x „Hõ=∞
Ѩ^uúŒ Ö’ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃# =∞~°∞ã¨\˜ ~ÀA #∞Op qˆ~K«#O KåÖÏ ™êѶQ‘ Í J=Ù`«∞Ok. KåÖÏ ã¨∞YOQÍ LO@∞Ok. |Ǩïâß
â◊s~°OÖ’x =∞e<åÅ∞ U ~ÀA HÍ~ÀA qˆ~K«#O ^•fi~å, =¸„`«O ^•fi~å |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã¨i˚OѨ|_»@O =Å¡<Õ"≥∂, „Ѩf~ÀE ã¨∞Yx„^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok.
ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«#O, ã¨∞Yx„^Œ J<Õq P~ÀQͺxH˜ „Ѩ^äŒ=∞ ™Èáê<åÅx D xÜ«∞=∞O áê\˜OKåˆH `≥eã≤Ok. JxflO\˜HõO>Ë =ÚYºOQÍ <Õ#∞ |~°∞=Ù
5 ˆHrÅ∞ `«QÍæ#∞. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ â◊s~°O h~°∞ Ѩ>Ëìã≤ WOHÍ |~°∞=Ù ÃÑiyáÈ`å<Õ"≥∂#<Õ JáÈÇ¨Ï LO_Õk. HÍx _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi LѨ<庙êÖ’¡
D ã¨O^ÕǨxfl âß„ã‘ÎÜ«∞OQÍ q=iã¨∂Î x=$uÎ KÕâß~°∞. WѨÙ_»∞ <å‰õΩ |~°∞=Ù `«QÆæ_»"Õ∞ HÍHõ â◊s~°O ‰õÄ_® =∞$^Œ∞=ÙQÍ `«Ü«∂~°~Ú#k.
hà◊§Ö’¡ WO`« =∞ǨÏ`«ºO LO^Œx ~ÚO`«=~°‰õΩ =∂‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞Hõ KåÖÏ `«Ñ¨CKÕâßO. JO^ŒiH© Lz`«OQÍ Ñ¨Ù+¨¯ÅOQÍ ÅaèOKÕ =∞Ozh\˜`À
P~ÀQƺOÖ’ WO`« =∂~°∞Ê#∞ á⁄O^Œ=K«∞Û#<Õk ZO`«\˜ Pâ◊Û~°º[#Hõ"≥∂ JO`« PK«~°} ã¨`«ºO ‰õÄ_®. JO^Œ∞ˆH <Õ#∞ á⁄Ok# „ѨÜ≥∂[<åÅx
K«∂ã≤# `«~°∞"å`« =∂ ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’x q∞QÆ`å "å~°O^Œ~°∂ ‰õÄ_® D h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl PK«iOK«_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞.
N. Hõ$+¨‚=¸iÎ,
ZÖò.S.ã≤. U[O\ò, HÍ=eѨÙ~°O, `«}∞‰õΩ
á¶È#∞ : 08819–36257, 36169
=Ü«∞ã¨∞û "≥#H˜¯ "≥o§Ok
_®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ Jaè#O^Œ#=Ú.
<Õ#∞ _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi =∂@Å ''„Ѩ֒ÉèíO—— Ö’ Ѩ_ç WѨÊ\˜H˜ 11 <≥ÅÖˇ·Ok. ^•x =Å# <å‰õΩ KÕ‰õÄi# "Õ∞Å∞ ZO`À K≥ѨÊÖË#∞. ZHõ¯_≥·<å
„Ѩ֒ÉèíOÖ’ Ѩ_çáÈ`Õ K≥_çáÈ`å~°∞. HÍx <åˆHã¨∞ JÖÏ HÍ^Œ∞. "åi ~°K«#ÖË <å‰õΩ =∂#ã≤Hõ, âßs~°Hõ |ÖÏxflKåÛ~Ú. "åi LѨ<庙êÅ∞ KåÖÏ
q<åfl#∞. „Ѩfn J"≥∂Ѷ¨∞O. "å~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ P~ÀQƺ ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ JO^Œ~°∂ ã¨∞ÅÉèíOQÍ PK«iOK« `«QÆæ"Õ. JO^Œ∞Ö’ PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂efl áê\˜OK«_»OÖ’
H˘OK≥O Hõ+¨ì"≥∞ÿ`Õ LO_»=K«∞ÛQÍx h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl áê\˜OK«_»OÖ’ Z=iH© U =∂„`«O JÉèíºO`«~°O LO_»^Œ∞. LO_»‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
hˆ~ J=∞$`«O : <åQÆiHõ`« JO`å h~°∞#fl KÀ>Ë =iúe¡Ok. QÍe `«~°∞"å`« r=ÙʼnõΩ J`«º=ã¨~°O hˆ~Hõ^•! JO^Œ∞ˆH ã¨∞=∞f â◊`«HõHõ~°Î
''ZѨC_»∞#∞ Z_»`≥QÆHõ áêéˇ_ç U~°∞ (h~°∞)#fl KÀ@<Õ—— x=ã≤OKåÅ<åfl_»∞. Jk ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ fã¨∞‰õΩO>Ë JO`« P~ÀQƺOQÍ LO\Ï=Ú.
=∂#=Ù_»∞ D (J) <åQÆiHõ`å "åº"≥∂ǨÏOÖ’ Ѩ_ç ã¨iÜ≥ÿ∞#O`«QÍ h\˜x ^ÕǨxH˜ JO^Œ*ËÜ«∞Hõ<Õ `«=∞ â◊s~åʼnõΩ „â◊=∞ Hõeyã¨∂Î `å=Ú
J<å~ÀQͺŠáêŃ_»∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi D =∂@ #QÆflã¨`«º=∞x <å ~¸ 11 <≥ÅÅ J#∞Éèí=OÖ’ |∞∞A=~ÚOk.
<åˆHg∞ [|∞ƒ ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi =∂@„ѨHÍ~°O ''h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl—— áê\˜OK«_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì# 1–2 ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ <åÔHO`À ''ibѶπ——
HõxÑ≤OzOk. h~°∞–'J=∞$`«O— Z@¡~ÚO^À <å rq`å#∞Éè"í åÅ∞ `≥eÜ«∞KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl~Ú.
L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖË=QÍ<Õ =¸„`« qã¨~°˚# QÍqOz, <À\˜x ÉÏQÆ∞QÍ 2–3 ™ê~°∞¡ ѨÙH˜¯eOz# `«~°∞"å`« 11/4 b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`å#∞. "≥Ú^Œ\’¡
W+¨ìO ÖËHõáÈ~Ú<å–P~ÀQƺO HÀã¨O J#∞‰õΩO@∂ 2–3 QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ „`åy P `«~°∞"å`« x^•#OQÍ =∞~À™êi WÖÏ |Å=O`«OQÍ<≥·<å „`åˆQ"å_çx.
H˘O`«¿ãѨ٠J@∂ W@∂ u~°QÆQÍ<Õ '"≥∂+¨<£— JÜÕ∞º ã¨∂K«#Å∞ HõxÑ≤OKÕq. „Ѷ‘"≥∂+¨<£ JÜÕ∞ºk. `«~°∞"å`« WO\˜Ö’ U^À XHõ Ѩx, H˘kÌQÍ
"åºÜ«∂=∞O KÕ¿ãÎ ~Ô O_»=™êi qˆ~K«#"≥∞ÿ Hõ_∞» Ѩ٠MÏmQÍ ZO`À Ǩ~ÚQÍ LO_Õk. `«~∞° "å`« K«hfl\`
˜ À `«ÖÏ~å ™êfl#O, QÆ∞_»`
¤ À Xà◊√§ ~°∞^Œ∞HÌ À=_»O
ZO`À ÉÏQÆ∞O_Õk. D ÃÑ· JÅ"å@¡ =Å¡ <å‰õΩ#fl '|^ŒHÌ Oõ — ZyiáÈ~ÚOk. =∂#ã≤HÀ`åûǨÏO JkèH"õ ∞≥ Oÿ k. <å ã¨=∞㨺Å∞–=∞Å|^ŒHú Oõ , Hõ_∞» ѨÙ|ƒ~°O,
Qͺã¨∞, Jr~°‚O =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞=∞=fi_»"Õ∞ QÍHõ, L^Œ~°ÉèÏQÆOÖ’x H˘=Ùfi Hõiy ã¨#fl|_çOk. Pâ◊Û~°ºO!! <å P~ÀQƺOÖ’ L`«Î ''hˆ~—— ~ÚO`« Q˘Ñ¨Ê
=∂~°∞Ê `≥zÛO^ŒO>Ë <åˆH #=∞‡HõO HõÅQÆ@O ÖË^Œ∞.
Hõ_»∞Ѩ٠MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»ÖÏ¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=K«∞Û##fl ã¨∂K«# áê\˜Oz PǨ~°O u#É’ÜÕ∞ J~°QÆO@ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ XHõ™êi u<åflHõ Ô~O_»∞
QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« XHõ™êi h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. J#flO u<Õ@ѨÙ_»∞ =Ú^ŒÌ =Ú^ŒÌH© h~°∞ „`åˆQ ^Œ∞~°Å"å@∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~Ú#k.
Jã¨Å∞ Éè’[<åÅ ^ŒQÆæ~° h\˜ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ ÃÑ@∞ìHÀ=_»"Õ∞ =∂<Õ™ê=Ú. W`«~° PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞, "å~åxHÀ~ÀA `Õ<≥{x=∞‡~°ã¨O HõeÑ≤# h\˜ÃÑ·<Õ
ѨÓiÎQÍ P^è•~°Ñ¨_»@O <åÔHO`À P~ÀQͺxflzÛOk. =ÚYºOQÍ D h\˜^èŒ~°‡O =Å# <å â◊s~°O ZO`À =∞Oz =∂~°∞ʉõΩ QÆ∞~°~Ú#k.
J^Õq∞@O>Ë–„Hõ=∞OQÍ D Ѩk <≥ÅÅÖ’ 15–20 ˆHrÅ |~°∞=Ù `«QÍæ#∞. 93 ˆHrÅ∞ LO_Õ <Õ#∞ WѨÙ_»∞ 72 ˆHrÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ =Ù<åfl#∞.
JO`ÕHÍHõ HÍѶ‘, \©Å∞ „`åQÆ@O ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"Õâß#∞. WѨÙ_≥O`À L`åûǨÏOQÍ L<åfl#∞. Ѩ^Õà◊√§ "≥#H˜¯ "≥o§#@∞¡O^Œ#fl J#∞Éèí=A˝Å =∂@Å∞
Ü«∞^•~°O÷ Jx #=Ú‡K«∞<åfl#∞. ''<å q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ Ѩ^àÕ √◊ § HÍ^Œ∞ 15/20 Uà◊√§ "≥#‰õΩ¯ "≥o§#@∞¡Ok. <åH˜ÑC¨ _»∞ 64 UO_»∞!¡ J~Ú<å 50 UO_»¡
"å_çÖÏQÍ L`åûǨÏOQÍ L<åfl#∞——. HõO~î°ã¨fi~°OÖ’QÍx, KÕu#~åÅÖ’QÍx, K«∂ѨÙÖ’QÍx, PYiH˜ ^•OѨ`«ºã¨∞YOÖ’ QÍx ZHõ¯_® =∂~°∞Ê~åÖË^Œ∞
ã¨iHõ^• J=hfl K«Hõ¯QÍ Ñ¨x KÕã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú.WѨÙ_»∞ <å r~°‚â◊H˜Î ÃÑiyOk. =∞Oz x„^Œ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. <å‰õΩ XHõ¯ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl áê\˜¿ãÎ<Õ WO`«\˜
"Õ∞Å∞ [iyO^ŒO>Ë WHõ „ѨHõ$u q^è•<åxfl ѨÓiÎQÍ PK«i¿ãÎ WOÔHO`« "Õ∞Å∞ [iˆQ^À Hõ^•! P ~ÀA HÀã¨O Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. ''Jã¨Å∞ ã¨$+≤Hì ~õ ΰ
J=∞$`åxfl kqÖ’x ^Õ=`«ÅH˜zÛ, ^•xH˜ ã¨iQÍ h~°<Õ J=∞$`åxfl Éèí∞qÖ’x r=ÙÅ HõOkOKå_Õ"≥∂——!
hˆ~ J=∞$`«O! "Õˆ~ J=∞$`«O ÖË<Õ ÖË^Œ∞. "Õˆ~ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ JHõ¯ˆ~¡^Œ∞. hˆ~ _®Hõì~°∞! hˆ~ =∞O^Œ∞! hˆ~ =∞# ~°Hõ∆‰õΩ_»∞! hˆ~ =∞# |O^èŒ∞=Ù!
q∞„`«∞_»∞! Ç≤Ï`«∞_»∞! P h\˜H˜ =O^Œ#O. JO^Œ∞ˆH =Ú#∞Å∞ h\˜x P~åkèã¨∂Î, PKå~° =º=Ǩ~åÅÖ’ h\˜H˜ ã¨=Ú#fl`« ™ê÷#O HõeyOKå~°∞. "å\˜
"≥#∞Hõ WO`« QÆ∂_®~°O÷ LO^Œx `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ‰õΩO_® L`«Î =¸_è®Kå~åefl =∂„`«"∞Õ áê\˜ã∂¨ ,Î Jã¨Å∞ h\˜ ^è~Œ å‡xfl áê\˜OK«Hõ HõëêìÅ áêÅ|_»∞K«∞<åfl~∞° .
WO`«\˜ =∞ǨÏ`«∞Î Hõey# h\˜x „`åQÆO_ç. P~ÀQͺxfl ~°H˜∆OK«∞HÀO_ç. h~°∞ lO^•ÉÏ^£!!!
S. ǨÏ[~°`üJb,
"Õ=¸~°∞–522 261.
11) á⁄@ì `«QÆæ_»O : =∞x+≤H˜ ÃÑ·á⁄@ì, „H˜O^Œá⁄@ì Ô~O_»∂ LO\Ï~Ú. qˆ~K«#O ã¨iQÍ HÍHõáÈ`Õ „H˜Ok á⁄@ì ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ux,
á⁄@ìxO_® hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ ÃÑ·á⁄@ì ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. hà◊§`À qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ J=_»O =Å# „H˜O^Œá⁄@ì `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. Éè’[#O J~Ú#
Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å =~°‰õÄ h~°∞ „`åQƉõΩO_® LO_»@O =Å# ÃÑ·á⁄@ì `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. á⁄@ì MÏmQÍ L#flѨC_»∞ „`åˆQh~°∞ á⁄@ì#∞ `«yæã¨∞ÎOk.
h~°∞ „`åy`Õ á⁄@ì `«yæOk
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ |∞K«ÛÜ«∞º. <Õ#∞ R.M.P. _®Hõ~ì #ü ∞. <å‰õΩ ã¨∞=∂~°∞QÍ 8 ã¨OIIÅ #∞O_ç á⁄@ì, a.Ñ≤. L#flq. <å |~°∞=Ù 70 Hˆ rÅ∞. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û
40 ã¨OIIÅ∞. H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_®#∞. HÍx "å_ç#ѨC_Õ `«‰õΩ¯= HÍ=_»=Ú, =∞m§ ~å=_»=Ú [iˆQk. <å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ¿ãflÇ≤Ï`«∞_»∞ HõO^Œ∞‰õÄi
q^•º™êQÆ~ü QÍi ã¨ÅǨ „ѨHÍ~°=Ú Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ∞ K«kq _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ PK«iOzux. hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. <å‰õΩ
WѨÙ_»∞ P~ÀQƺ=Ú =∞OzQÍ L#flk. á⁄@ì KåÖÏ=~°‰õΩ `«yæ#k. <å Ü≥ÚHõ¯ |~°∞=Ù ‰õÄ_® 58 ˆHrʼnõΩ `«yæ#k. _®Hõì~°∞QÍ <Õ#∞ ‰õÄ_®
KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ h~°∞ „`åQÆ=∞x K≥ѨCK«∞<åfl#∞. "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ ÉÏQÆ∞O^Œx K≥ѨCK«∞<åfl~°∞.
=∂ J=∞‡QÍi =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 60 ã¨OIIÅ∞. "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, ZÅs˚, a.Ñ≤. L<åfl~Ú. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ÉÏQÍ "å_Õk. WѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å#
=∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"Õã≤#k. WѨÙ_»∞ P"≥∞ P~ÀQƺO KåÖÏ =∞OzQÍ L#flk. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ áê\˜Oz#O^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂„`«"Õ∞ D
P~ÀQƺO KÕ‰Äõ i#k. ÉèQí =Æ O`«∞_»∞ ZHõ¯_À ÖË_∞» "åi Ü«∞O^Õ L<åfl_∞» JxÑ≤ã∞¨ #Î flk.
P. |∞K«ÛÜ«∞º,
áÈK«#fl¿Ñ@, |K«Û#fl¿Ñ@ =∞O_»ÅO
=~°OQÆÖò lÖÏ¡.
12) ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ@ì_»O PQÆ∞`«∞Ok : H˘O`« =∞OkH˜ h~°∞ =∂i`Õ ~˘OѨ, uO_ç =∂i`Õ ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ_ç`Õ, =∞iH˘O`« =∞OkH˜ `«~°K«∂
<≥ÖÏ ~Ô O_»∞ <≥ÅʼnõΩ Ѩ_∞» `«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Ç≤Ïãì̈q∞<£û ÖË^• â◊s~åxH˜ W|ƒOk HõeyOKÕ Ñ¨^•~å÷Å∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ Z=iH˜ Z‰õΩ¯= `«Ü∂« ~°=Ù`«∂
LO\ÏÜ≥∂ "åiH˜ ~˘OѨÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. JÖψQ â◊s~°OÖ’ =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, \ÏH˜û<£û Z‰õΩ¯"≥·#ѨC_»∞ "å\˜x â◊s~°O
#∞O_ç |Ü«∞@‰õΩ `ÀÜ«∞_®xH˜, H˘O^ŒiH˜ ~˘OѨ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ Jq |Ü«∞@‰õΩ "≥à◊√`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiH˜ Z‰õΩ¯=
~˘OѨÅ∞ =™êÎÜ«∞x QÆ\˜ìQÍ K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. h~°∞ Ü«∂O\© Ç≤Ïã¨ìq∞<£. JO>Ë â◊s~°OÖ’ `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º Ç≤Ïã¨ìq∞<£û J<Õ ~°™êÜ«∞# Ѩ^•~å÷ʼnõΩ
q~°∞QÆ∞_»∞QÍ h~°∞ ѨxKÕã¨∞ÎOk. ÃÑ·QÍ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# â◊s~°OÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#fl =º~°÷Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞, \ÏH˜û<£û =¸„`«O QÆ∞O_®
U~ÀAHÍ~ÀA |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∂ LO_»@O =Å# =∞# ~˘OѨÅ∞ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ `«QÆæ_»"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_®, ~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ@ì_»"Õ∞ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞#flk.
~˘OѨÅ∞ Ѩ\˜ì#ѨÙ_»∞ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Ûx h~°∞ 6, 7 b@~°¡ =~°‰õÄ „`åy`Õ `˘O^Œ~°QÍ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. ~˘OѨ‰õΩ ã¨Ô~·# LѨâ◊=∞#O hˆ~.
~˘OѨ–^ŒQÆ∞æ =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞O
_®Hõ~ì ü ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À....
=ÚO^Œ∞QÍ g∞‰õΩ =∂ ǨÏ$^ŒÜ∞« ѨÓ~°fiHõ Pj~°fiK«#=ÚÅ∞. g∞‰õΩ P ÉèQí =Æ O`«∞_»∞ ã¨^• JO_»QÍ LO@∂ g∞ KÕ`« W@∞=O\˜ =∞ǨÏ`å¯~°º=ÚÅ∞
WOHÍ Z<Àfl [iÑ≤OKåÅx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞. g∞ LѨ<庙êÅ∞ qx, g∞ ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞ K«kq g∞~°∞ J#∞ã¨iOK«=∞x K≥Ñ≤Ê# Ѩ^Œú`«∞Å∞ H˘xfl
=∂„`«"Õ∞ J=ÅOaOz ÅaÌá⁄Ok# "å_çx.
<Õ#∞ BHPV Ö’ Commercial Department Ö’ Staff Officer QÍ L^ÀºQÆO KÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl#∞. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 52 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <å‰õΩ
j`åHÍÅOÖ’ ^ŒQÆ∞æ, ~˘OѨ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ LO_Õk. ~å„uѨÓ@ x„^Œ =∞^茺֒ "≥∞ʼnõΩ= =zÛ ^ŒQÆ∞æ PÜ«∂ã¨O`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å_çx. WOHÍ `«~°K«∞ "≥∞_»
W~°∞‰õΩ Ѩ>Ëìk. g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# D h\˜^èŒ~°‡O áê\˜ã¨∂Î LO>Ë<Õ H˘kÌ ~ÀAÅÖ’ <å‰õΩ KåÖÏ =∂~°∞Ê =zÛ#k. <Õ#∞ z#flѨÊ\˜ #∞Oz ZѨÙ_»∂
K«hfl\˜ ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. "Õã¨qHÍÅOÖ’ ‰õÄ_® "Õ_çh\˜ ™êfl#O KÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ JÅ"å@∞. J@∞=O\˜k WѨÙ_»∞ <Õ#∞ ZO`À Ǩ~ÚQÍ K«hfl\˜
™êfl#O KÕã∂¨ Î `«Åg∞^Œ #∞Oz ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ áÈã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞. Wk=~°‰Ωõ á⁄~°áê@∞# "å#Ö’ `«_ãç <≤ å, K«hfl\˜ ™êfl#O KÕã<≤ å, „ѨÜ∂« }O
KÕã≤<å `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê, ~˘OѨ, ^ŒQÆ∞æÅ`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å_çx. WѨÙ_»∞ <åˆH Pâ◊Û~°ºOQÍ LOk. Wk JO`å g∞~°∞ WzÛ# ã¨ÅǨ, ã¨O^Õâ◊O. g∞ ^èŒ~°‡=∂
JO@∂ <Õ#∞, <å rq`åO`«O Z=ig∞^• P^è•~°Ñ¨_»‰õΩO_®, Z=iH© ÉèÏ~°O H͉õΩO_® P#O^ŒOQÍ, <å âı+¨ rq`åxfl QÆ_»Ñ¨QÆÅ#<Õ ^è≥·~°ºO,
qâßfiã¨O =zÛ#k. g∞ J=¸Åº"≥∞ÿ# ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ áê\˜Oz <åÖÏO\˜ "å~°∞ KåÖÏ=∞Ok, KåÖÏ „Ѩ^ÕâßÅÖ’ ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_®¤~°x, ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_»`å~°x,
xã¨ûOHÀK«OQÍ K≥ѨÊQÆÅ#∞. „Ѩ[ÅO^Œ~°∂ g∞~°∞ K≥|∞`«∞#fl q^è•<åxfl áê\˜Oz, g∞~°∞ `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì# P~ÀQƺ Ü«∞[˝O xifiѶ¨∞flOQÍ H˘#™êQÍÅx
=∞#ã¨∂ÊùiÎQÍ P Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_çx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞. g∞~°∞ ZѨÙ_»∞ =™êÎ~å, P ~ÀA ZѨÙ_»∞ =ã¨∞ÎO^• Jx Z^Œ∞~°∞K«∂¿ã =∂ ÖÏO\˜ "åiH˜
uiy g∞ ^Œ~°≈#, „Ѩã¨OQÆ HÍ~°º„Hõ=∞=ÚÅ∞ HõÅæ*ËÜ«∂Åx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
g∞‰õΩ P ^Õ=^Õ=Ù_»∞ PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQƺ Sâ◊fi~°º=ÚÅ∞ HõÅæ*ËÜ«∂Åx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∂...
P}˜qà◊§ ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}=¸iÎ,,
HÍfi~°~ì ü <≥O. E–36, BHPV Township,
qâßYѨ@flO–12.
[Å∞|∞ ÖË^Œ∞ – =∞Å|^ŒúHõO áÈ~ÚOk
Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÖˇ·# _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍi¯ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞. g∞~°∞ ѨiK«Ü«∞O KÕã≤# „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•<åxfl PK«iOz
ZO`À=∞Ok P~ÀQƺOQÍ rqã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. JO^Œ∞Ö’ <Õ#∞ XHõ}˜‚. <Õ#∞ =∂ âßOuxˆH`«<£ ã¨∂¯Öò ã¨Ç¨Ï L^Àºy J~Ú# „Ѩ™ê^£QÍi ^•fi~å g∞ "≥·^Œº
q+¨Ü«∂Åhfl `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘<åfl#∞. J<ÕHõ q+¨Ü«∂ÅÖ’ ˆH=ÅO h~°∞ „`åˆQ Ѩ^Œúux <Õ#∞ PK«iOz ZO`À P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^•#∞. Dh\˜ Ѩ^Œúu <å
P~ÀQͺxfl =∞Å∞Ѩ٠`«Ñ≤ÊOk.
<Õ#∞ QÆ`« 2 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ô qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# [Å∞|∞ =∞iÜ«Ú =∞Å|^ŒúHõ=Ú`À ÉÏ^èŒ_»∞`«∞<åfl#∞. Ô~O_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ <å =Ú‰õΩ¯
#∞O_ç h~°∞ UHõ^è•\˜QÍ HÍ~°∞`«∂<Õ =ÙO_Õk. KÕu ~°∞=∂Å∞ ZѨÙ_»∂ <å =Ú‰õΩ¯ ^ŒQÆæˆ~ =ÙO_Õk. KåÖÏ™ê~°∞¡ _®Hõì~°¡#∞ ã¨O„ѨkOz =∞O^Œ∞Å∞
"å_®#∞ HÍx ZÖÏO\˜ Ѷ¨e`«O ÖËHõáÈ~ÚOk. JÖψQ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO, 5 <≥ÅÅ #∞O_ç Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# <˘Ñ≤Ê J~°÷~å„u ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =KÕÛk.
^•xH˜ aà◊§ "Õã¨∞H˘<Õ"å}˜‚. JÖψQ ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å}˜‚. <˘Ñ≤Ê Ü«∞^ä•`«^èŒOQÍ =KÕÛk. ã¨iQÍæ W^Õ ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ >ˇÿÑ≤ãπì „Ñ¨™ê^£QÍi ѨiK«Ü«∞O [iyOk.
PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# `«_»=ÙQÍ L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ 1.5 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O JÅ"å@∞ KÕã≤H˘<åfl#∞. "≥Ú^Œ\˜ ™êiQÍ Jxfl „`åQÆ_»O JO^ŒiH©
™ê^茺O HÍ^Œx JO\Ï~°∞ HÍx <Õ#∞ =∂„`«O Ѩ@∞ì^ŒÅ`À h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. JO^Œ∞ˆH `«fi~°QÍ Ñ¶¨e`«O HõxÑ≤OzOk.
 WѨÙ_»∞ <å =Ú‰õΩ¯ HÍ~°_»O ÖË^Œ∞. [Å∞|∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~ÚOk. =∞Å|^ŒÌHõOÖË^Œ∞. Hõ_»∞ѨÙ<˘Ñ≤Ê áÈ~ÚOk. WѨÙ_»∞ ˆH=ÅO D r=#
q^è•#OÖ’ <Õ#∞ "≥Ú^Œ\˜ "≥∞@∞ì ^ŒQÆæ~° =∂„`«"Õ∞ =Ù<åfl#x ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. WOHÍ g∞~°∞ K≥¿ÑÊ „Ѩu q+¨Ü«∂xfl PK«iOz ã¨^• g∞ Pjã¨∞ûÅ`À
rqOz#O`«HÍÅO P~ÀQƺOQÍ rqOKåÅx HÀiHõQÍ =ÙOk.
ZÖò. Ü«ÚQÆO^èŒ~ü Q“_£,
âßOuxˆH`«<£ Ô~ã≤_≥x¬Ü«∞Öò ã¨∂¯Öò,
QÍyÖϡѨÓ~ü, ~°OQÍÔ~_ç¤ lÖÏ¡.
13) â◊s~åxH˜ h~°∞ Ѩ@ì_»O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok : â◊s~åxH˜ Z=iHõ<åfl h~°∞ Ѩ\˜ìO^ŒO>Ë LѨC Z‰õΩ¯"≥·Ok, h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=~ÚOk Jx J~°÷O.
h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiˆH Z‰õΩ¯= LѨC â◊s~°OÖ’ xÅ∞= LO@∂ LO@∞Ok. Z‰õΩ¯= LѨC XHõ¯>Ë ZѨC_»∂ xÅ∞= LO_»^Œ∞. ^•x`À
h\˜x ‰õÄ_® xÅ∞= LOK«∞`«∞Ok. JÖÏ xÅ∞= L#fl LѨC h\˜=Å# "åѨÙÅ∞, <˘H˜¯`Õ ™⁄@ìÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Jã¨ÖË â◊s~°OÖ’
h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=~ÚO^Œx WOHÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O `«‰õΩ¯= KÕ™êÎ=Ú. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«<Õ P W|ƒOk WOHÍ Z‰õΩ¯= J=Ù`«∞Ok. â◊s~°OÖ’x Z‰õΩ¯=
h~°∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å"åÅO>Ë Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÍe. =∞#O „`åy# h~°∞ ֒ѨʼnõΩ áÈ~Ú xÅ∞= L#fl LѨC h\˜x Ѩ@∞ì‰õΩx =¸„`«OÖ’
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~ÀE =ã¨∞ÎOk. ^•O`À KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ "åѨÙÅ∞ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. ѨÓiÎQÍ "åѨÙÅ∞ h\˜ =Å# áÈÜÕ∞"å~°∞ H˘O`«=∞Ok =∂„`«"Õ∞.
W|ƒOk `«‰õΩ¯= L#fl"åiH˜ ѨÓiÎ ÖÏÉèíO =ã¨∞ÎOk. ÉÏQÍ Z‰õΩ¯= "åѨÙÅ∞#fl "åiH˜ h\˜`À<Õ Ñ¨ÓiÎ "åѨÙÅ∞ áÈ=Ù. 50, 60 âß`«O
`«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ PǨ~°OÖ’ =∂x uO>Ë "≥O@<Õ 5, 6 ~ÀAÅÖ’ P h~°∞ Ѩ>Ëì W|ƒOk áÈ`«∞Ok. =ÚO^Œ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞
„`åQÆ_=» ∞<Õ^Õ Ju=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ q+¨Ü∞« O.
HÍà◊√§ "åѨÙÅ∞ `«y#æ q
Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÖˇ#· _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞㨯iOz „"åÜ«Ú#k. <å ¿Ñ~°∞ ã¨`º« =u. =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 44 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <å‰õΩ 10
ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ #∞O_ô HÍà◊√¡ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, "≥∂HÍà◊√§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞. Z=ÚHõÅ _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ ^ŒQÆæ~° =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_Õ^•xfl. "å_»∞`«∞#flѨC_»∞ `«ˆQæq, =∞~°Å
=ã¨∂Î =ÙO_Õq. ѨÓiÎQÍ `«ˆQæq HÍ^Œ∞. HÍã¨Î ^Œ∂~°O #_ç¿ãÎ KåÅ∞ HÍà◊√§ "åzáÈÜÕ∞q. WO\’¡ H˘OK≥O Z‰õΩ¯= Ѩx =Ù<åfl HÍà◊√§ "åzáÈÜÕ∞q. XHõ
ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú #∞O_ç Z_»=∞ „ѨHõ¯ Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ <˘Ñ≤Ê =ã¨∞Î#flk. Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ |~°∞=ÙQÍ =ÙO_»_»O, U^≥·<å Ѩx K≥Ü«∂ºÅO>Ë z~å‰õΩ Z‰õΩ¯=
J~ÚºOk. Hõhã¨O ^蕺#O ‰õÄ_® KÕã¨∞HÀÖËHõ áÈÜÕ∞^•xfl.
g∞~°∞ 3 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ #∞O_ç `å_ÕѨe¡QÆ∂_≥OÖ’ LѨ<庙êÅ∞ K≥|∞`«∞<åfl~°x J<åfl~°∞. =∂ Hõã¨Å∞ `≥eÜ«∞^Œ∞. JHÀì|~°∞ 13= `Õn
`«}∞‰õΩÖ’ g∞ LѨ<åºã¨=Ú q<åfl=Ú. g∞ LѨ<åºã¨=Ú q<åflHõ g∞ ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ∞ ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞, PǨ~°O–PÖ’K«#, P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞ P#O^ŒO
ÉÏQÍ J~°÷"≥∞ÿ#q.
~ÀAH˜ 6 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. HÍѶ‘, \©Å∞ =∂x"Õã≤ ѨzÛ=ÚHõ¯Å∞ uO@∞<åfl#∞.
‰õÄ~°Ö’¡ KåÖÏ H˘kÌQÍ LѨC "å_»∞`«∞<åfl#∞. `«fi~°Ö’ Jk ‰õÄ_® =∂<Õ „ѨÜ∞« `«flO KÕ™êÎ#∞.
<åH˜Ñ¨Ù_»∞ H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, "åѨÙÅ∞, "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ Jhfl ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈ~Ú#q. Hõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’<˘Ñ≤Ê ‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæOk. WѨÙ_»∞
ZO`«Ñ¨x KÕã≤<å JÅã¨@, z~å‰õΩ ÖË=Ù. „áê}O `ÕeHõQÍ =ÙOk. ^蕺#O ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= ¿ãѨ٠KÕã≤HÀQÆÅ∞æ`«∞<åfl#∞. <å‰õΩ WO`« K«Hõ¯x
P~ÀQͺxfl WzÛ# _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ ZO`À |∞∞}Ѩ_ç =Ù<åfl#∞. g∞ QÆ∞iOz ZO`« K≥Ñ≤Ê<å WOHÍ K≥áêÊÅ<Õ =ÙO@∞Ok.
JO^ŒiH© D q^è•#O `≥eÜ«∞_»O HÀã¨O g∞ ѨÙã¨HÎ ÍÅ∞ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ ѨOzÃÑ\Ïì=Ú. W<åflà¥◊ § `≥eÜ«∞x XHõ „H˘`«Î r=# q^è•<åxfl J#∞ã¨iã¨∂Î
ZO^ŒiHÀ =∂~°æ^Œ~°≈‰õΩÖˇ· P~ÀQͺxfl JOkã¨∞Î#fl ^≥·= ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙÖˇ·# _®II ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ ZÖÏ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ K≥ѨCHÀ"åÖ’ `≥eÜ«∞_»O
ÖË^∞Œ .
V. ã¨`«º=u,
`å_ÕѨe¡QÆ∂_≥O.
=O\˜H˜ Ѩ\˜ì# h~°∞ `«yæOk
_®Hõì~ü QÍiH˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞.
_®Hõì~ü QÍi LѨ<åºã¨O <Õ#∞ PQÆ+¨µì 2000Ö’ `å_ÕѨe¡QÆ∂_≥OÖ’ q#_»O [iyOk. P ~ÀA #∞O_ç h~°∞ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ XHõ Ѩ^Œúu
„ѨHÍ~°O ~ÀA‰õΩ 5 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞.
h~°∞ fã¨∞HÀHõ =ÚO^Œ∞ HÍà◊§‰õΩ =O\˜H˜ h~°∞ Ѩ@ì_»O =∞iÜ«Ú Allergic Bronchitis `À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ^•xfl. D q^è•#O
"≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ÏìHõ XO\˜H˜ h~°∞ Ѩ@ì_»O ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæ áÈ~ÚOk. PÜ«∂ã¨O ‰õÄ_® ^•^•Ñ¨Ù HõO„\’Öò J~ÚºOk. j`åHÍÅOÖ’ JO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞
~å„u J~Ú`Õ ÉèíÜ«∞O "Õ¿ãk. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë Ñ≤e¡‰õÄ`«Å∞, TÑ≤i JO^ŒHõ áÈ=_»O =Å¡ x„^Œ Ѩ>Ëìk HÍ^Œ∞. HÍx D ã¨O=`«û~°O J@∞=O\˜
W|ƒOk Ug∞ HõÅ∞QÆÖË^Œ∞. <Õ#∞ WO`«‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞ "≥·^ŒºO KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ#fl Ǩϟq∞Ü≥∂ _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ ‰õÄ_® <åÖ’ D =∂~°∞Êx K«∂ã≤ KåÖÏ
Pâ◊Û~°ºáÈÜ«∂~°∞. <å P~ÀQƺOÖ’ WO`«=∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê Hõey# `«~åfi`« <å‰õΩ ^è≥·~°ºO =zÛOk. P ^è≥·~°ºO`À<Õ 13–4–2001# _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi
LѨ<åºã¨O q#fl `«~åfi`« LѨC‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x "Õâß#∞.
âß~°^•^Õq,
ZÖò.S.ã≤. PѶπ WO_çÜ«∂, `å_ÕѨe¡QÆ∂_≥O.
14) `«‰õΩ¯= ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ ^ŒQÆ∞æ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok : ^ŒQÆ∞æ J<Õk TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅÖ’ HõѶ¨O LO>Ë =ã¨∞ÎOk. Hõá¶êxfl |Ü«∞@‰õΩ fÜ«∞_®xH˜ ^ŒQÆ∞æ
 J<Õk â◊s~åxH˜ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∂Î LO@∞Ok. ^ŒQÆ∞æ ~åHõáÈ`Õ HõѶ¨O |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å^Œ∞. ^ŒQÆ∞æ‰õΩ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç`Õ ^ŒQÆ∞æ ~å‰õΩO_® PyáÈ`«∞Ok.
HõѶ¨O áȉõΩO_® ^ŒQÆ∞æ PyáÈ`Õ =∞# [|∞ƒ `«yæ#@∞¡ HÍ^Œ∞. Hõá¶êxfl `˘O^Œ~°QÍ ÖÏy TÜ«∞QÆey`Õ ^ŒQÆ∞æ `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. HõѶ¨O ѨÅ∞K«|_ç
`ÕeQÍæ `≥y~å"åÅO>Ë P Ѩx h\˜=Å# ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ J~Ú`Õ Hõá¶êxfl ѨÅ∞K«|iz `˘O^Œ~°QÍ `≥yѨ_ç
áÈÜÕ∞@∞¡ KÕã¨∞ÎOk. 5, 6 b@~°¡ h~°∞ QÀ~°∞ "≥K«ÛQÍ „`åy`Õ, `«QÆæ_®xH˜ "å~°O ~ÀAÅ∞ Ѩ>Ëì ^ŒQÆ∞æ 3, 4 ~ÀAÅÖ’ `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. h~°∞
Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# HõѶ¨O ã¨∞^ŒÌÅ∞ ã¨∞^ŒÌÅ∞QÍ `≥y Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok. h\˜x ~ÀE ÉÏQÍ „`åˆQ "åiH˜ HõѶ¨O Ѩ>Ëì Hõ}OÖ’ KåÖÏ =∂~°∞Ê
=ã¨∞OÎ k.
HõѶ¨=Ú–^ŒQÆ∞æ `«yæOk
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ *’º`«ûfl. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞ 20 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞. <å‰õΩ TÇ¨Ï `≥eã≤# ^ŒQ~æÆ ° #∞O_ç ^ŒQ∞Æ æ ÉÏQÍ =KÕÛk. Uq∞ PǨ~°O fã≤H˘<åfl u#fl
"≥O@<Õ âı¡+¨‡=Ú Ñ¨_Õk. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« =∂#ã≤HõOQÍ ZO`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ^•xfl, JkHÍHõ |~°∞=Ù ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯= =ÙO_Õ^•xfl.
=∂ J=∞‡QÍ~°∞ _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åAQÍ~°∞ x~°fiÇ≤Ïã¨∞Î#fl „ѨHõ$u P„â◊=∂xH˜ "≥o§ JHõ¯_ç q+¨Ü«∂Å∞, _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#
PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞, h~°∞ fã≤H˘<Õ q^è•#O Jhfl qѨÙÅOQÍ <å‰õΩ q=iOKå~°∞. =ÚYºOQÍ h~°∞ „`åˆQ q+¨Ü«∞O QÆ∞iOz K≥áêÊ~°∞. <Õ#∞‰õÄ_®
=∂ J=∞‡QÍi`À áê@∞ xÜ«∞=∂#∞™ê~°OQÍ =¸_»∞ ѨÓ@ÖÏ h~°∞ „Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨Ê‰õΩO_® „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì# "å~°O
~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ <åÖ’ KåÖÏ =∂~°∞Ê QÆ=∞xOKå#∞. <å‰õΩ Zxfl ã¨O=`«û~åÅQÍ<À =Ù#fl âı¡+¨‡=Ú Ñ¨_»@O `«yæOk. Wk <åÔHO`À P#O^•xfl
HõeæOzOk. ^ŒQÆ∞æ`«yæOk. |~°∞=Ù ‰õÄ_® <≥=∞‡kQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞<åfl#∞. WѨÙ_»∞ <Õ<≥O`À ã¨O`À+¨OQÍ =Ù<åfl#∞.
<åÖ’ D âßs~°Hõ, =∂#ã≤Hõ K≥·`«<åºxH˜, P#O^•xH˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿ# _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} ~åAQÍiH˜ <å Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞. D P#O^ŒO,
ã¨O`À+¨O „Ѩu XHõ¯~°∞ D q^è•#O ^•fi~å á⁄O^•Åx <å HÀiHõ.
P. *’º`«ûfl,
PH˜g_»∞.

15) `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ : "≥ÚYO, =Ú‰õΩ¯Å ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩ#fl ÖË^• Z‰õΩ¯"≥·# ~˘OѨÅ#∞ P ÉèÏQÍÅ #∞O_ç MÏm KÕÜ«∞_®xH˜ `«∞=Ú‡Å∞
=™êÎ~Ú. QÍe"≥àı§ ÉèÏQÍÅÖ’ ~˘OѨ ¿Ñ~°∞HÀ=_»O =Å# P ~˘OѨ#∞ áÈQ˘@ì_®xH˜ `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ =ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ~å‰õÄ_»^ŒO>Ë,
~˘OѨÅ#∞ ÖˉõΩO_® KÕÜ«∂e. ~˘OѨÅ∞ áÈ"åÅ<åfl, `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ `«QÍæÖ<åfl h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ=Åã≤O^Õ. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ"åiH˜
`«∞=Ú‡Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ `«QÆæ=Åã≤# "å~°∞ ~ÀA "≥Ú`«ÎO QÀ~°∞ "≥K«Ûx h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Ozk. ÖË^• L^ŒÜ«∞O
ѨÓ@<åfl „`åQÍe. ˆH=ÅO h\˜`À<Õ H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ áÈ`Õ =∞iH˘O`«=∞OkH˜ PǨ~°OÖ’ LѨC ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x`ÕQÍx áÈ=Ù. =∞iH˘O`«
=∞OkH˜ ÃÑ· Ô~O_çO\˜`Àáê@∞ „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞O, *ÏyOQ∑ ÖÏO\˜q ‰õÄ_® KÕ¿ãÎ<Õ QÍx `«QÆæ=Ù. QÀ~°∞"≥K«Û\˜ h\˜=Å# KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ
`«Q∞Æ `
æ å~Ú.
`«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ZyiáÈ~Ú#q
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ "≥OHõ@ÅH˜∆‡. =∂k =º=™êÜ«∞ ‰õΩ@∞O|O. ~ÀE L^ŒÜ«∂<Õfl ÖËz WO\’¡ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O „áê~°OÉèíO J=Ù`«∞Ok. J~Ú`Õ
<å‰õΩ QÆ`« H˘O`«HÍÅOQÍ pHõ\˜`À ÖË=QÍ<Õ `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ PQƉõΩO_® =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú. ZO`« Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ#O>Ë PQƉõΩO_® ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 40–50 =~°‰õÄ
XˆH™êi =™êÎ~Ú. JÖÏ Jã¨Î=∂#∂ =™êÎ~Ú. ZѨÙ_≥·<å XHõ `«∞=Ú‡~å=_»O „áê~°OÉèíO J~Ú`Õ WHõ PQƉõΩO_® =KÕÛ™êÎ~Ú. JÖ’¡Ñ¨u _®Hõì~°∞
QÍiH˜ K«∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩO>Ë ''ÔHq∞HõÖòû, Z~°∞=Ù =∞O^Œ∞Å =Å# g∞‰õΩ ZÅs˚ =zÛOk, =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_»=Åã≤#^Õ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞—— J<åfl~°∞.
<å Éèí~°Î ã¨∂~°º„ѨHÍ+πQÍ~°∞ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ =zÛ#ѨÙ_»∞ _®Hõì~°∞QÍi g∞\˜OQ∑H˜ "≥o§, „ѨHõ$u ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩx =ÚYºOQÍ h~°∞ ZÖÏ
„`åQÍÖ’ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x <å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_® K≥Ñ≤Ê PK«iOѨKÕ™ê~°∞. `«~°∞"å`« <Õ#∞ ‰õÄ_® =∂ "åi`À Hõeã≤ _®Hõì~üQÍi LѨ<åºã¨O q<åfl#∞.
"≥Ú^Œ\’¡ ##∞fl _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ hà◊√§HÍK«∞H˘x „`åQÆ=∞<åfl~°∞. PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ<Õ hà◊√§ HÍz K«ÖÏ¡~°∞ÛH˘x "å~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# ã¨=∞Ü«∂Ö’¡
„Hõ=∞Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åQÆ@O „áê~°OaèOKå#∞. XHõ "å~°O ~ÀAÅÖ’ `«∞=ڇŠ#∞Oz ibѶπ HõxÑ≤OzOk. `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ `«QÍæ~Ú. ^•O`À #=∞‡HõO
‰õΩki WOHÍ Ñ¨@∞ì^ŒÅQÍ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. Ѩk ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ Ñ¨ÓiÎQÍ `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ~å=@O PyáÈ~Ú#q. WѨÙ_»∞
=∂=¸Å∞ K«Å¡\˜ h~°∞, U h~°∞ „`åy<å `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ~å=_»O ÖË^Œ∞. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ WÖÏ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å¡ <å‰õΩ âßs~°HõOQÍ J<ÕHõ ÖÏÉèÏÅ∞
HõeQÍ~Ú. r~°‚â◊H˜Î ÃÑ~°QÆ@O, â◊s~°O `ÕeHõQÍ LO_»@O, ZO`« Ѩ<≥·<å KÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅQÆ@O [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. ã¨∞YOQÍ, Ǩ~ÚQÍ L#flk. =∞O^Œ∞Å`À
‰õÄ_® `«QÆæ^Œ#∞‰õΩ#fl <å `«∞=ڇŠÉÏ^èŒ#∞ ˆH=ÅO h\˜`À<Õ #Ü«∞O KÕã≤# _®Hõì~°∞ QÍiH˜ <å ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ ѨÓ~°fiHõ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞.
N. "≥OHõ@ÅH˜∆ ‡,
W/o. N. ã¨∂~°º„ѨHÍ+π,
=Ú+¨Øì~ü HͺOÑπ, H˘Ñ¨Êà◊ lÖÏ¡, Hõ~åfl@Hõ.
16) JÖˇs˚Å∞ : JÖˇs˚Å∞ J<Õq ~°Hõ~°HÍÅ∞QÍ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. Ѷ¨Ù_£ JÖˇs˚, _»ãπì ZÅs˚, ã≤¯<£ JÖˇs˚ "≥ÚII#q. JÖˇs˚Å∞ =zÛ# `«~°∞"å`«
Jq =∞O^Œ∞Å`À `«QÆæ=Ù. "Õ\˜H˜ `Õ_®Å∞ =ã¨∂Î LO\ÏÜ≥∂ "å\˜x ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"ÕÜ«∞_»"Õ∞ Ѩiëê¯~°O JO\Ï~°∞. „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ#
â◊s~åxH˜ (ѨO_»∞¡, ‰õÄ~°Å∞, yO[Å∞ u<Õ"åiH˜) „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ#q uO>Ë (‰õÄÖò „_çOH±û, Sãπ„H©"£∞û, ã‘fi\òû, ѨK«Ûà◊√§) JÖˇs˚Å∞ =ã¨∂Î
LO\Ï~Ú. „ѨHõ$u q~°∞^Œú"≥∞ÿ# â◊s~åxH˜ „ѨHõ$u ã≤^Œú"≥∞ÿ#q JOkOz<å JÖˇs˚Å∞ =ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~Ú. D ~ÀAÅÖ’ =KÕÛ ZÅs˚Å∞ Jhfl
=∞OK«∞H˜, ZO_»H˜, "å#H˜, H˘|ƒiH˜, `Õ<≥H˜, |`åÎ~ÚÅH˜, hà◊§‰õΩ, ѨÓʼnõΩ, ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞ʼnõΩ =ã¨∂Î L#flq. JO>Ë =∞# â◊s~°O „ѨHõ$u
q~°∞^ŒúOQÍ J~Ú#O^Œ∞=Å¡ „ѨHõ$u ã¨Ç¨Ï["≥∞ÿ#q ֒ѨʼnõΩ "≥à◊√`«∂ LO>Ë â◊s~°O XѨCHÀ=_»O ÖË^Œ∞. h‰õΩ <åÖ’ ™ê÷#O ÖË^Œx |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
ZÅs˚ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ `À¿ãã¨∞Î#flk. x*ÏxH˜ =∞#O u<Õ Ñ¨K«Ûà◊§‰õΩ, ˆH‰õΩʼnõΩ, ã‘fi\òû‰õΩ, ‰õÄÖò„_çOH±û‰õΩ, "ÕѨÙà◊§‰õΩ =∂O™êǨ~åxH˜ ~å"åe
 ZÅs˚Å∞. g\˜H˜ JÖˇs˚ =zÛ _®Hõì~°∞ ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥àı§ ~Ày ÖË_»∞. =∞#Ö’ ZÅs˚H˜ HÍ~°}"≥∞ÿ# qHõ$ux Hõ_çy"Õ¿ãÎ QÍx „ѨHõ$u "å\˜H˜ =KÕÛ
JÖˇsÅ˚ ∞ (_»ã,ìπ Ѷ٨ _£, ã≤¯<£) áÈ=Ù. =∞#Ö’ qHõ$ux, K≥_∞» #∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ Hõ_Qç̂ k h~°∞. h\˜ ^•fi~å =∞#Ö’ Ѩiâ◊√„Éè"í ∞≥ `
ÿ Õ =∞m§ "å\˜H˜
ZÅs˚Å∞ ~å=Ù. ˆH=ÅO h\˜`À<Õ KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ Jxfl ZÅs˚Å∞ áÈ`å~Ú. =∞iH˘O`«=∞OkH˜ h\˜`À áê@∞ PǨ~°O ‰õÄ_® =∂iÛ#ѨÙ_»∞
ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú. 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ h~°∞ ZO`«QÍ<À ÖÏÉèíO Hõeæã¨∞Î#flk.
_»ãπì ZÅs˚ `«yæOk
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ L^ŒÜ∞« ÉèÏ㨯~ü. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 25 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <Õ#∞ KåÖÏ ~ÀAÅ∞QÍ =∞Å|^ŒHú Oõ `À ÉÏ^èÑŒ _¨ ∞» `«∞<åfl#∞. [#=i <≥Å 2000 ã¨OII
#∞O_ç ~ÀAH˜ 5 b@~°∞¡ =∞Oz hà◊√¡ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì# ~ÀA #∞O_Õ =∞Å|^ŒúHõO =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞"≥∞ÿOk.
~Ô O_»∞ ~ÀAʼnõΩ XHõ™êi qˆ~K«#=Ú#‰õΩ "≥à§ı "å_çx HÍx WѨÙ_»∞ ~ÀAH˜ ~Ô O_»∞™ê~°∞¡ ã¨∞YOQÍ "≥à√◊ <Î åfl#∞. Wk <å rq`«OÖ’ ZO`À P#O^ŒH~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ
q+¨Ü«∞O. Jxfl ~ÀQÍʼnõΩ ѨÙ\˜ìxÅ∞¡ J~Ú# =∞Å|^ŒúHõO <å‰õΩ XHõ¯ ~ÀAˆH =∂Ü«∞"≥∞ÿOk.
1. _»ãπì ZÅs˚ =ÙO_Õk. Jk XHõ¯ <≥Å ~ÀAÅÖ’<Õ áÈ~Ú#k.
2. ZѨÙ_»∂ ^ŒQÆ∞æ =ã¨∂Î =ÙO_Õk. HõѶ¨O `≥y =KÕÛk HÍ^Œ∞. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì# `«~åfi`« ^ŒQÆ∞æ `«yæOk. HõѶ¨O `ÕeHõQÍ `≥y =ã¨∂Î
`«yæáÈ~ÚOk.
3. L|ƒã¨O z#flѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç =ÙOk. ^•x HÀã¨O =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_Õ "å_çx. hà◊√§ „`åy# ^ŒQÆæ~° #∞O_ô KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ `«yæOk.
4. =ÚY=Ú g∞^Œ =∞K«ÛÅ∞, "≥Ú\˜=∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® `«y#æ q.
5. J~°\˜Ñ¨à◊√§ u<åfl, Y~°∂˚~°O u<åfl ^Œ^Œ∞Ì~°∞¡ =KÕÛq. Jq ‰õÄ_® h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\ì̃# H˘kÌ ~ÀAÖ’¡<Õ `«yæ#q.
6. <À\˜ ^Œ∞~åfiã¨#, K≥=∞@ "åã¨#, =∞ÅO "åã¨# ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~Ú#q.
7. P^蕺u‡HõOQÍ KåÖÏ =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ =zÛ#q. ^蕺#O ÉÏQÍ KÕÜ«∞QÆÅ∞æ`«∞<åfl#∞. z~å‰õΩÅ∞ `«yæ#q. ¿ã"å ÉèÏ=O ÃÑiyOk.
6 <≥ÅÅ∞ _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒOQÍ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl áê\˜Oz# `«~åfi`« _®Hõì~°∞QÍ~°∞ „"åã≤# ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅhfl K«kq LѨC#∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ
=∂x"Õ™ê#∞. h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å H˘O`« =~°‰õÄ `«yæ# Pã¨Î=∂ LѨC =∂x"Õã≤# `«~åfi`« ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæOk. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ =∂x"Õ™ê#∞. `«~°∞"å`«
ÃÇ·Ï„^•ÉÏ^£ =zÛ _®Hõì~°∞QÍi ã¨=∞Hõ∆OÖ’ LѨ"åã¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕ™ê#∞. LѨ"åã¨=ÚÅ∞ `«~åfi`« <å TÑ≤iu`«∞ÎÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ P~ÀQƺ=O`«"≥∞ÿ ZÖÏO\˜
HõѶ¨O, ^ŒQÆ∞æ, PÜ«∂ã¨O ÖˉõΩO_® P#O^ŒOQÍ =Ù<åfl#∞.
##∞fl K«∂ã≤ =∂ WO\˜e¡áêk D Ѩ^Œúux áê\˜ã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. 8 <≥ÅÅ #∞O_ç JO^Œ~°∂ LѨCÖËx PǨ~°O fã≤H˘O@∞<åfl~°∞. =∂ <å#fl‰õΩ
z#flѨC_»∞ =ÚY=Ú HÍe =∞K«ÛÅ∞ U~°Ê_ç#q. Jq 40 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ `«~åfi`« hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å `«yæ#q. =∂ JHõ¯‰õΩ "≥∞_»g∞^Œ
#Å∞ѨÙ, ÉÁ[˚ =ÙO_Õq. Jhfl `«yæ#q. =∂ J=∞‡‰õΩ 20 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ #∞O_ç =Ù#fl ^ŒQÆ∞æ <≥=∞‡kOzOk. D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ „Ѩu~ÀE 5 b@~°∞¡
h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å rqOz#O`« HÍÅO P~ÀQƺ=ÚQÍ rqOK«=K«∞Û##fl nè=∂ =zÛOk.
_®Hõì~°∞¡, #∂ºãπ ¿ÑѨ~°¡Ö’ Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åy`Õ =∞Oz^Œx JO\Ï~°∞ HÍx U ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ Zxfl „`åQÍÖ’ K≥ѨÊ~°∞. JO^Œ∞=Å# ÖÏÉèíO
ÖË^Œ∞. HÍx _®Hõì~°∞ ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞ U ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ Zxfl „`åQÍÖ’ K≥Ñ≤Ê h\˜`À<Õ P~ÀQͺxfl JOkã¨∞Î#fl J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# =ºH˜Î.
„ѨHõ$u =∞# HÀã¨O, =∞# P~ÀQƺO HÀã¨O _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍifl HõÅÊ`«~°∞=ÙÖÏ =∞#‰õΩ „Ѩ™êkOzOk. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ =∂
áê^•aè=O^Œ#=ÚÅ∞.
E. L^ŒÜ«∞ÉèÏ㨯~ü,
„á⁄^Œ∞Ì@∂~°∞.
ã≤¯<£ ZÅs˚ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~ÚOk
Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÅ∞ _®II ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} ~åA QÍiH˜ ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ ѨÓ~°fiHõ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞.
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ Ü«∞ãπ.Ü«∞ãπ. "≥∂ǨÏ<£~å=Ù. <Õ#∞ ÉϺOH±Ö’ _≥b· HõÖHˇ <∆õ £ U[O@∞QÍ Ñ¨xKÕÜÚ« K«∞<åfl#∞. <å‰õΩ =$uÎs`åº ZѨÙ_»∂ KÕuÖ’ áê¡ãHì≤ ±
ÉϺQ∑, „Ѩܫ∂}˜OK«_®xH˜ Ãã·H˜Öò ÖË^• @∂ gÅ~ü LO@∞Ok.
<å‰õΩ Z_»=∞ KÕuÖ’ ѨÙO_»∞ Ѩ_#ç k. Ǩϟq∞Ü≥∂ "≥^· ºŒ O P~°∞<≥ÅÅ∞, JÖ’¡Ñu ¨ "≥^· ºŒ O 6 <≥ÅÅ∞ KÕâß#∞. `«QÖæÆ ^Ë ∞Œ . P `«~∞° "å`« PÜ«Ú~ˆ fi^Œ
"≥·^ŒºO ‰õÄ_® KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. =∞O^Œ∞Å Y~°∞Û `«_çã≤ "≥∂ÃÑ_»~ÚºOk HÍx `«QÆæÖË^Œ∞. Wk K«~°‡"åºk, Ãã·H˜Öò ǨºO_çÖò áê¡ã≤ìH±, <å KÕuÖ’
ÉϺQ∑ áê¡ã≤ìH± HÍ|\˜ì <å‰õΩ áê¡ã≤ìH± ZÅs˚ Jx `ÕeÛ<å~°∞. P Ô~O_»∂ KÕuH˜ `«QÆʼnõΩO_® LO>Ë Ñ¨ÙO_»∞ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok Jx `ÕeÛ<å~°∞. HÍx P
Ô~O_»∂ <å r=<ÀáêkèÖ’ ÉèÏQÆO HÍ|\˜ì ѨÙO_»∞ `«QÆæHõ áÈ~Ú<å JÖψQ ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»∞`«∂ Éèíiã¨∂Î "åºáê~°O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ"å_çx. P ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’
_®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ p~åÅ ~å=_»O <Õ#∞ "åi LѨ<åºã¨O q#_»O [iy#k. JѨÙ_»∞ _®Hõì~°∞ QÍiH˜ <å KÕ~Ú K«∂Ñ≤Oz Wk `«QÆ∞æ`«∞O^• Jx
J_çy<å#∞. „Ѩu ~ÀE 5 b@~°¡ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÆO_ç 10 ÖËHõ 15 ~ÀAÅÖ’ áÈ`«∞Ok Jx K≥Ñ≤Ê<å~°∞. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç`Õ 6 <≥ÅʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_®
`«QÆæxk =∞Ozhà◊§‰õΩ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞O^• Jx J#∞=∂xOz, Wk ‰õÄ_® KÕã≤ K«∂^•ÌOÖË! Jx "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞.
=∞Ozhà◊√§ _®Hõì~üQÍ~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# „Ѩ`ÕºHõ=∞~Ú# Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åQÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ì# 4= ~ÀAH˜ ѨÙO_»∞ =∂#_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜ìOk. 10=
~ÀAH˜ =∞K«Û‰õÄ_® ÖˉõΩO_® =∂Ü«∞O J~Ú#k. WO^Œ∞Ö’ WO`«â◊H˜Î L#fl^•? Jx =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÆ@O PѨ‰õΩO_® HõO\˜#∂º KÕâß#∞! ѨÓiÎQÍ
`«yæáÈ=_»"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_® qˆ~K«#O „Ѷ‘QÍ J=_»O, ZO`« ^Œ∂~°O Ãã·H˜Öò `˘H˜¯<å h~°ã¨O ~å‰õΩO_® L`åûǨÏOQÍ Ñ¨xKÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅQÆ@O =zÛOk.
JѨÊ\˜H˜ Ô~O_»∞ ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ <å‰õΩ "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ LO_Õq. "å\˜H˜ ‰õÄ_® _®Hõì~üû Wq `«QÆæ=Ù, =$uÎs`åº ã¨Ç¨Ï[O Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞.
WѨC_»∞ P "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈÜ«∂~Ú. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O =∂ WO\’¡ <åÉèÏ~°º, <å `«e¡QÍ~°∞, <å‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ ‰õÄ_® =∞Ozh~°∞
„`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞. PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ ‰õÄ_® áê\˜ã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍiH˜ ^èŒ#º"å^Œ=ÚÅ∞.
 S.S . "≥∂ǨÏ<£~å=Ù,
Opp. T.V.V. HõàϺ} =∞O_»Ñ¨O
™êì~ü ã¨∂ì_çÜ≥∂ "≥#∞Hõ, ¿Ñ~åÅ–p~åÅ–523 157.
^ŒQÆ∞æ, ~˘OѨ, ZÅs˚Å∞ `«yæáÈÜ«∂~Ú
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ ™êO|t=~å=Ù. <Õ#∞ ^ŒQÆ∞æ, ~˘OѨ, ZÅs˚Å`À KåÖÏHÍÅO #∞Oz ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»∞`«∞<åfl#∞. D ZÅs˚H˜ Ǩϟq∞Ü≥∂Ѩu =∞O^Œ∞
"å_®#∞. HÍx `«QÆæÖË^Œ∞. `«~°∞"å`« cè=∞=~°OÖ’ =Ú‰õΩ¯, Q˘O`«∞ ÃãÊ+¨eã¨∞ì ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥àϧ#∞. PÜ«∞# ZH±ûˆ~Å∞ KÕ~ÚOz PѨˆ~+¨<£ Ѩ_»∞`«∞Ok
J<åfl~°∞. J~Ú<å PѨˆ~+¨<£ KÕã≤# `«~°∞"å`« `«QÆ∞æ`«∞O^À ÖË^À K≥ѨÊÖË#<åfl~°∞. =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ „"åã≤ WKåÛ~°∞. Ѩ^䌺O „H˜O^Œ J~°\˜Ñ¨O_»∞, |`åÎ~Ú,
x=∞‡HÍÜ«∞, <åiO[HÍÜ«∞, ^Àã¨HÍÜ«∞, =ÚÅHͯ_», =OHÍÜ«∞, H˘|ƒi fã¨∞HÀ=^ŒÌ<åfl~°∞. JÖψQ J=hfl fã¨∞HÀ=_»O =∂x"Õã≤, =∞O^Œ∞Å∞
"å_ç<å Ug∞ `«QÆæÖË^Œ∞. WOHÍ H˘O`«=∞Ok E.N.T. ÃãÊ+¨eã¨∞ìÅ ^ŒQÆæiH˜ "≥o§<å ѨÓiÎ QÆ∞}O Hõ#|_»ÖË^Œ∞.
25–2–2000 # <å‰õΩ =∂=¸Å∞QÍ [fi~°O =zÛ#k. <Õ#∞ =$uÎs`åº |∞H± ɡ·O_çOQ∑ KÕ™êÎ#∞. P ~ÀA =∂ =^ŒÌ‰õΩ 'P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞ P#O^ŒO—
J#fl ѨÙã¨ÎHõO ɡ·O_çOQ∑H˜ =zÛ#k. P ~ÀA ~å„`Õ P ѨÙã¨ÎHõO JO`å K«k"å#∞. ѨÓiÎ q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥eã≤#q. JѨÊ\˜#∞O_ç =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ =∂x"Õã≤
h\˜x „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ q∞QÆ`å xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ ‰õÄ_® H˘OK≥O H˘OK≥O áê\˜Ozux. ^ŒQÆ∞æ, ~˘OѨ ѨÓiÎQÍ #Ü«∞=∞~Ú#q. ZÅs˚
KåÖÏ =~°‰Ωõ #Ü«∞=∞~Ú#k. ZѨÙ_»<åfl ZÅs˚ =ã¨∞OÎ ^ŒxÑ≤Oz#ѨÙ_»∞ ÉÏQÍ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ∞`«∂, P~ÀA ѨÓiÎ LѨ"åã¨O KÕã≤ `«yOæ K«∞H˘#∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
_®Hõì~°∞ QÍi q^è•#=Ú <å‰õΩ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ÖˉõΩO_® #Ü«∞O KÕã≤#>Ë¡, WOHÍ ZO`À =∞Okx P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å#∞ KÕÜ«∂Åx P ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_çx
HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
G. ™êO|t=~å=Ù,
C/o.
=∞ǨÅH©∆‡ |∞H± ɡ·O_çOQ∑ =~ü¯û
=Ú`åºÅ"åi gkè, `å_ÕѨe¡QÆ∂_≥O–534101.
17) =∞K«ÛÅ∞ =∂_»`å~Ú : =ÚYOÃÑ·, <å K«~å‡xH© =∞K«ÛÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. Jq ÖˉõΩO_® LO>Ë JO^ŒOQÍ LO\Ï=∞xÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk.
K«~å‡xH˜ U W|ƒOk =zÛ<å `˘O^Œ~Q° Í `«Q^æÆ ∞Œ . K«~‡° O Jxfl J=Ü«∞"åÅHõO>Ë z=~° LO_»@O =Å# QÆ∞O_≥H˜ zq∞‡# ~°HOÎõ JxflO\˜HOõ >Ë
PYiH˜ K«~å‡xH˜ KÕ~°∞`«∞Ok. =∞#O K«~°‡O ^•fi~å qã¨i˚OK«=Åã≤# =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ K«~å‡xH˜ KÕ~°`å~Ú. Jq K≥=∞@ Ѩ_ç`Õ K«~°‡O
#∞O_ç |Ü«∞@H˜ áÈ`å~Ú. ÖË^• H˘xfl K«~°‡OÖ’ q∞QÆ∞Å∞`å~Ú. ÖË^• =∞~°ÖÏ Ö’Ñ¨Å‰õΩ â◊s~°OÖ’H˜ "≥à◊`å~Ú. h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ"åiH˜
K≥=∞@ `«‰õΩ¯= Ѩ_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. K«~°‡OÖ’ =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ Z‰õΩ¯= xÅ∞= =ÙO@∂ LO\Ï~Ú. ^•x`À =∞K«ÛÅ∞, K«~°‡ "åº^èŒ∞Å∞
"≥ÚIIq ~å=K«∞Û. h\˜x ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ~°HõÎO ѨÅ∞K«|_ç K«~å‡xH˜ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ÉÏQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. h~°∞ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ K≥=∞@
Ѩ@ìHõáÈ~Ú<å K≥=∞@ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ áÈ=Åã≤#q "≥#H˜¯ =zÛ =∞~°ÖÏ =¸„`«OÖ’ #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`«∂ LO\Ï~Ú. K«~°‡O H˘kÌQÍ h\˜
=Å# â◊√„ÉèíѨ_»∞`«∂ LO@∞Ok. h~°∞ ÉÏQÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# H˘O`«=∞Ok ~°OQÆ∞ =™êÎ~°∞. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ ÉÏQÍáÈ`å~Ú.
H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ Hõà◊§H˜O^Œ #Å∞ѨÙÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú.
"≥ÚǨÏO g∞^Œ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ –#_»∞O<˘Ñ≤Ê `«yOæ k
<å ¿Ñ~°∞ â◊OHõ~ü. =Ü«∞ã¨∞ 33 ã¨OIIÅ∞. <Õ#∞ Wk=~°‰õΩ Uk |_ç`Õ Jk u<Õ"å_çx. "≥Ú^Œ∞ÌQÍ x„^ŒáÈÜÕ∞"å_çx. U Ѩh KÕÜ«∞|∞kÌHÍ^Œ∞,
#Å∞QÆ∞iÖ’H© "≥à◊§ÖËHõ áÈÜÕ∞"å_çx. _ç„ÃÑ+¨<£`À LO_Õ"å}˜‚. Ô~O_»∞ x=ÚëêÅ∞ =OQÆ∞x U^≥·<å Ѩx KÕã≤<å, z=iH˜ ZHõû~üÃã·A KÕã≤<å =OQÆ∞x
KÕ¿ãѨx U^≥<· å <å #_»∞=Ú Ñ¨>¿ìË ãk. ZHõû~üÃã·*ò KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ WÖÏ JÜÕ∞º^À J~°O÷ JÜÕ∞ºk HÍ^Œ∞. |∞QÆÅæ g∞^•, =Ú‰õΩ¯g∞^• #Å¡\˜
=∞K«ÛÅ∞ LO_ç =ÚYO JO`å JO^ŒqHÍ~°OQÍ LO_Õk. _®Hõì~ü ^ŒQÆæ~°‰õΩ "≥o`Õ '"≥∞Å<≥·\ò— P~ÚO\ò"≥∞O\ò "å_»=∞<åfl~°∞. Z=~°∞ Uk K≥a`Õ Jk
"å_®#∞. Ѷe¨ `«O â◊¥#ºO. D ÉÏ^èÅŒ `À <å‰õΩ =∞#âß≈Ou LO_Õk HÍ^Œ∞. 5, 6 ã¨OII Å #∞Oz #_»∞O <˘Ñ≤Ê LO_»@O`À H˜_flô Å∞ áÈ`åÜÕ∞"≥∂#x,
K«xáÈ`å<Õ"≥∂#x ÉèíÜ«∞OQÍ LO_Õk. JO^Œ∞ˆH P^蕺u‡Hõ q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ"≥∞ÿ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ ^Œ$+≤ì ÃÑ>Ëì"å_çx.
=∞i P ™ê~ÚÉèíQÆ"å#∞_»∞ K«∂Ñ≤Oz# „`À"Õ##∞‰õΩO\Ï#∞. _®Hõì~ü ~åA QÍi ѨiK«Ü«∞ ÉèÏQƺO HõeyOk. EÖˇ· 9, 2000 <å rq`«O
=∞Å∞Ѩ٠uiy# ~ÀA. qâßYѨ@flOÖ’ PÜ«∞# „Ѩã¨OQÆO q<åfl#∞. qâ◊fi~°∂Ѩ ã¨O^Œ~°≈# Ü≥∂QÆOÖ’ N Hõ$+¨µ‚_»∞ J~°∞˚#∞_çH˜ `«# qâ◊fi~°∂áêxfl
K«∂Ñ≤Oz w`å É’^èŒ# KÕã≤#@∞¡–_®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ =∂#= â◊s~° x~å‡}O, ^•x ~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅ∞, ^ÕǨxH˜ U >ˇÿ=ÚÖ’ Uk JOkOKåe, ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ
JOkOKåe, =ÚYºOQÍ h\˜ qÅ∞= ^ÕǨxH˜ ZO`« J=ã¨~°O, ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ J=ã¨~°O J<Õk PÜ«∞# q=iã¨∞ÎO>Ë ^•xx PK«iOz# "åi
P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞ P~ÀQƺO.
=∞# ѨÓsfi‰õΩÅ∞ =∞Oz QÆ∞~°∞=Ù ^˘~°Hõ@O Hõ+¨ìO J<Õ"å~°∞. HÍx _®Hõì~°∞QÍix K«∂ã≤# `«~°∞"å`«, PÜ«∞# „Ѩã¨OQÆO q#fl `«~°∞"å`«, WHõ
=∞#O "≥^ŒHõHõ¯~°ÖË^Œ∞, Pk QÆ∞~°∞=Ù P ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞_≥·`Õ, ѨÓ[º QÆ∞~°∞=Ù DÜ«∞<Õ Jx <å =∞#ã¨∞û Ѩ^Õ Ñ¨^Õ ÃÇÏK«ÛiOz ã≤÷~°Ñ¨izOk. ZO^Œ∞HõO>Ë
<å Hõà◊√§ K≥_»∞ ^Œ$âߺÅ<Õ K«∂_»\ÏxH˜, K≥=ÙÅ∞ K≥ѨC_»∞ =∂@ÖË q#_®xH˜ W+ì̈Ѩ_Õq. <å =∞#ã¨∞û ^•xH˜ `Àz# q^èŒOQÍ Jk ã¨OK«iã¨∞ÎO_Õk.
<å â◊s~°O JO`«Hõ<åfl <å Pnè#OÖ’ LO_Õk HÍ^Œ∞. ZѨC_≥·`Õ _®Hõì~°∞ QÍix <Õ#∞ QÆ∞~°∞=#∞H˘<åfl<À, PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# h\˜^èŒ~°‡O áê\˜OKå<À
##∞fl ÉÏkèOKÕ=hfl <å =â◊"∞≥ áÿ ÈÜ«∂~Ú.
"≥Ú^Œ\’¡ ~ÀAH˜ 5 #∞Oz 8 b@~°¡ h\˜x „`åˆQ@ѨÙ_»∞ "åO`«∞Å∞, qHÍ~°O, Hõà◊√§ „uѨÊ@O [iˆQk. U"≥∞ÿ`Õ J^Õ J~ÚOk Jx
"åO`«∞Å∞ J~ÚáÈ~Ú<å =∞~°ÖÏ h\˜x „`åˆQ"å_çx. 4, 5 ~ÀAʼnõΩ â◊s~°O „`À=Ö’xH˜ =zÛOk. "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ 1/2 b@~°∞ „`åy`Õ qHÍ~°OQÍ
LO_Õk. 10, 15 ~ÀAʼnõΩ 1 b@~°∞‰õΩ KÕ~°∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. WѨÙ_»∞ XˆH™êi 1.5 b@~°∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ<åfl Ug∞ JxÑ≤OK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
WHõ <å #_»∞=Ú <˘Ñ≤Ê QÆ∞iOz =∞izáÈ~Ú KåÖÏ ~ÀAÅ∞ J~ÚºOk. KåÖÏ ~ÀAÅ∞ Uq∞\˜, h\˜ "≥·^ŒºO KÕã≤# 10, 15 ~ÀAňH
áÈ~ÚOk. =Ú‰õΩ¯g∞^Œ #Å¡\˜ =∞K«ÛÅ∞, |∞QÆæÅg∞^Œ =∞K«ÛÅ∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈÜ«∂~Ú. h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∂ â◊s~° ^èŒ~å‡Å‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOK«_»O =Å#
K«~°‡O #∞#∞ѨÙ^Õi HÍOu=O`«=∞~ÚOk. ÃÑ·™ê Y~°∞Û ÖˉõΩO_® h\˜`À WO`«\˜ f„==∞~Ú# [|∞ƒefl `«yæOK«∞HÀ=_»O J^Œ$+¨ìO. JO`«\˜
J^Œ$ëêìxfl =∞#‰õΩ „Ѩ™êkã¨∞Î#fl _®Hõì~üQÍ~°∞ ^èŒ#∞ºÅ∞.
WѨÙ_»∞ U [|∂ƒ <å^ŒiH˜ ~å=_»O ÖË^Œ∞. WHõ rq`«OÖ’ Z#fl_»∂ =∞O^Œ∞aà◊¡ "Õã¨∞H˘<Õ J=ã¨~°O ~å^Œx <å‰õΩ qâßfiã¨O Hõey#k.
WO`«\˜ =∞Oz P~ÀQƺ=Ú#∞ „Ѩ™êkOz# _®Hõ~ì Qü ÍiH˜ ^è#Œ º"å^Œ=ÚÅ∞ `≥ÅѨ|∞kú HÍ=_»O ÖË^∞Œ . ^è#Œ º"å^•Å∞ K≥a`Õ |∞∞}O fiáÈ`«∞Ok.
JÖÏ H͉õΩO_® PÜ«∞# ~°∂áêxfl <å ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞OÖ’ „Ѩu+≤ìOѨ KÕÜ«∞=∞x, rq`åO`«O PÜ«∞# =∂~°æOÖ’ LO@∂ <å rq`«=Ú#∞ ‰õÄ_®
K«i`å~°÷O KÕã¨∞‰õΩ<Õ@∞¡ P ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x Pjã¨∞ûÅ∞ <å‰õΩ HõÅ∞QÆ*ËÜ«∂Åx HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∂ „Ѩ}Ï=∞=ÚÅ`À...
â◊OHõ~ü,
qâßYѨ@} ì O
18. ã¨∞QÆ~°∞ : ˆH=ÅO =∞Ozh\˜x Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å¡<Õ ã¨∞QÆ~°∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ^Œ∞. hà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# Hõ}ÏÅÖ’ ^ÀëêÅ∞
áÈ~Ú, Hõ}ÏÅ∞ `«fi~°QÍ QÆ∂¡HÀ*ò#∞ ã‘fiHõiOKÕ â◊H˜Îx ѨÙOA‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. ^•x`À ~°HõÎOÖ’x ã¨∞QÆ~°∞, Ü«¸i<£Ö’x ã¨∞QÆ~°∞ H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ
`«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok. <å~°‡Öò HõO>Ë H˘OK≥O Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨∞QÆ~°∞ L#fl"åiH˜ <å~°‡ÖòH˜ =ã¨∞ÎOk.
h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O`À "Õ∞\˜ "Õ∞Å∞
h\˜x ã¨=∞$kúQÍ ¿ãqOK«@O, „áê}ÏO`«Hõ "åº^èŒ∞ʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ·™ê Y~°∞Û ÖËx J^Œ∞ƒù`« zH˜`«ûÜ«∞x J^èŒ~°fi} "Õ^ŒO „áê=∂}˜HõOQÍ
U<å_À =∞# ÃÑ^ŒÅÌ ∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ # ã¨∞^Œ∞ÅÌ ∞ ÃÑ_»Kq≥ x ÃÑ>Ë=ì Ú. â◊s~° J=ã¨~åʼnõΩ ã¨iѨ_∞» h\˜x =∞#O „`åQÆ@O ÖË^∞Œ . „`åˆQ H˘kÌáê\˜ h\ỖH<· å
㨄Hõ=∞`« ÖË^∞Œ .
ã¨fiq+¨Ü∂« xH˜ =¿ãÎ <Õ#∞ KåÖÏ HÍÅOQÍ =∞Å|^ŒHú Oõ `À W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞ Ѩ_®¤#∞. ^≥q· HõOQÍ QÆ`« U_®k EÖˇ· <≥ÅÖ’ _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}
~åA QÍ~°∞ ~°zOz# ''„ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#O——, ''ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞—— "≥ÚII ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ K«^Œ=@O, `«}∞‰õΩ Ѩ@ì}OÖ’ "åi „Ѩã¨OQÍʼnõΩ
Ǩ[~°∞ HÍ=_»O [iyOk. _®II ~åAQÍ~°∞ ã¨∂zOz# q^èŒOQÍ ~ÀA‰õΩ 2 bII h\˜`À „áê~°OaèOz, <≥Å ~ÀAÅÖ’ ~ÀA‰õΩ 5 bII „`åˆQ ™ê÷~ÚH˜
KÕ~∞° ‰õΩ<åfl#∞. XHõ@= =∞iÜ«Ú ~Ô O_»= q_»`« h~°∞ „`åy# 2 xIIňH, 2 ™ê~°∞¡ ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«# =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. <å =∞Å|^ŒHÌ Oõ ã¨=∞㨺 =∞@∞=∂Ü«∞"≥∞Oÿ k.
„Hõ=∞O `«Ñ¨ÊHõ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å# <Õ#∞ á⁄Ok# =∞~À „ѨÜ≥∂[#O. WѨÊ\˜H˜ 12 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ <Õ#∞ +¨µQÆ~°∞ "åºkèH˜ WOw¡+¨µ =∞O^Œ∞Å∞
"å_»∞`«∞<åfl#∞ QÆ`« =∂ã¨=ÚÅ∞QÍ ~ÀA‰õΩ 5 bII K˘Ñ¨C# h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞#flO^Œ∞# ~°HõÎOÖ’ +¨µQÆ~ü Öˇ"≥Öòû QÆ}hÜ«∞OQÍ `«yæ#q. `«fi~°Ö’<Õ
=∞O^Œ∞Å "å_»HõO ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂#QÆÅ#x <å qâßfiã¨O.
<å`Àáê@∞ <å ÉèÏ~°º N=∞u ã¨`«º=u ‰õÄ_® h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`«∂, n~°…HÍÅ =∞ÖÏâ◊Ü«∞ ~°∞QƇ`«Å #∞O_ç q=ÚH˜Î á⁄Ok#k. =∞iÜ«Ú QÆ`«
[#=i/Ѷ≤„|=i =∂ã¨=ÚÅÖ’ ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞ Ec¡Ç≤ÏÖòûÖ’x ''„ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•# ˆHO„^ŒO——Ö’ KÕi 2 "å~åÅáê@∞ _®II ~åAQÍi Ѩ~°º"ÕHõ∆}Ö’
zH˜`«û á⁄OkÜ«Ú#flk. QÆ`« 2 ^ŒâßÉÏÌÅ∞QÍ `«# âßs~°Hõ ~°∞QƇ`«Å x"å~°}ÔH· x`«º=¸ "å_»∞`«∂ =zÛ# ѨÅ∞~°Hõ=ÚŠǨϟq∞Ü≥∂, PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ,
WOw¡+¨µ =∞O^Œ∞ʼnõΩ ã¨fiã≤ΠѨeH˜#k. ''LѨ"å㨠^èŒ~°‡O—— PK«iOK«∞ xq∞`«ÎO `«fi~°Ö’ ÃÑ· zH˜`åû ˆHO„^ŒOÖ’ uiy KÕ~°#∞#flk.
„ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#O Ѩ@¡ Pâ◊H˜Î QÆÅ "å~°O^Œ~°∂ „Ѩã¨∞Î`«=Ú _®II ~åAQÍ~°∞ xifi~å=∞OQÍ H˘#™êyã¨∞Î#fl ''P~ÀQƺ „ѨKå~° Ü«∞[˝O——Ö’
áêÅ∞ѨOK«∞‰õΩx „ѨHõ$u zH˜`åû q^è•<åxfl áê\˜ã¨∂Î ã¨OѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQͺxfl á⁄O^•Åx HÀ~°∞`«∞<åfl#∞. ÃÑ·# q=iOz# q^èŒOQÍ P~ÀQƺѨ~°OQÍ
"Õ∞=Ú á⁄Ok# "Õ∞Å∞‰õΩ _®II ~åAQÍiH˜ ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ ѨÓ~°fiHõ Hõ$`«[˝`åaè =O^Œ#=ÚÅ∞ `≥Å∞ѨىõΩO@∞<åfl=Ú.
K. „|Ǩ‡#O^ŒO,
i>ˇÿ~ü¤ WO[h~ü,
_À.<≥O. 15–7–3, ÉÏѨÓr#QÆ~,ü
H˘=Ófi~°∞ – 534 350,
*Ï˝<À^ŒÜ«∞O J~ÚOk
z#flѨÊ\˜ #∞Oz <å‰õΩ =∞Oz h~°∞ „`åQÍÅxÑ≤OKÕk HÍ^Œ∞. =∞Ǩ J~Ú`Õ ~ÀA‰õΩ Ô~O_»∞ QÍ¡ã¨∞Å∞ „`åˆQ"å_çx. QÆ|QÆÉÏ u<ÕÜ«∞_»O
F QÍ¡ã¨∞ hà◊√§ „`åy |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=_»O x`«ºO [iˆQѨx. =∞Å qã¨~°˚#‰õΩ F >ˇÿ=Ú LO_Õk HÍ^Œ∞. ZѨÙ_˘¿ãÎ JѨÙ_≥à◊§@O [iˆQk.
XH˘¯Hõ¯Ñ¨ÙÊ_»∞ Ô~O_»∞ =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅHÀ™êi =∞Å qã¨~°˚# [iˆQk. â◊s~° =∂e<åºÅ∞ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=Ù@‰õΩ hˆ~ =ÚYºáê„`« =Ç≤Ïã¨∞ÎOk Hõ^•.
„`åˆQ h\˜ Ѩi=∂}O ã¨iQÍ ÖËHõáÈ=@O =Å¡, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÆHõáÈ=@O =Å¡ <Õ<˘Hõ H˜_ôflx, QÍÖòÉÏ¡_»~üx áÈQ˘@∞ì‰õΩ<åfl#x
~ÚѨÙÊ_»xÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. ã¨iÜ≥ÿ∞# h\˜ xÜ«∞=∞O áê\˜OK«HõáÈ=_»O`À H˜_ôflÖ’ ~åà◊√§ U~°Ê_ç áê_≥·áÈ~Ú '"≥Å∂¡~°∞— Pã¨∞Ѩ„uÖ’ 1975Ö’ <å Z_»=∞
H˜_ôfl f~ÚOK«∞HÀ=Åã≤ =zÛOk. `«~°∞"å`« _®Hõì~°∞¡ =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÆ=∞x K≥áêÊ~°∞ QÍx, U Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åQÍÖ’, ZÖÏ „`åQÍÖ’ U U
ã¨=∞Ü«∂Ö’¡ „`åQÍÖ’, ZO`« Ѩi=∂}OÖ’ „`åQÍÖ’ U XHõ¯ _®Hõì~°∂ K≥ѨÊÖË^Œ∞. JO^Œ∞=Å<Õ HÍÉ’Å∞ 'QÍÖòÉÏ¡_»~ü— Ö’ ‰õÄ_® ~åà◊√§ U~°Ê_ç
^•xx ‰õÄ_® 1994Ö’ `˘ÅyOK«∞HÀ=eû =zÛ#k. ~Úq H͉õΩO_® ã¨∞QÆ~°∞, =∞Å|^ŒúHõO, LO_»@O`À ##∞fl âßs~°HõOQÍ KåÖÏ Hõ$OQÆnâß~Ú.
|∞^Œú ÉèíQÆ"å#∞xH˜ 'QÆÜ«∞—Ö’ *Ï˝<À^ŒÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#@∞¡ _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞} ~åA QÍi LѨ<åºã¨O H˘=Ófi~°∞Ö’ ^≥·qHõOQÍ q#_»O
[iyOk. <åHÀ =∞Oz =∂~°æO ^˘iH˜#@¡xÑ≤OzOk.
P „ѨHõ$u=∂`Õ _®Hõì~°∞QÍi ~°∂ѨOÖ’ *Ï˝<À^ŒÜ«∞O HõeyOzO^Õ"≥∂ JxÑ≤OzOk. P ~ÀA <Õ KÕã≤# =∞Oz Ѩx _®Hõì~°∞ QÍ~°∞ „"åã≤#
ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ Ãã\ò fã¨∞HÀ=_»O – g\˜x K«kq, PK«iã¨∞ÎO>Ë JO`« =~°‰õÄ <Õ QÆ_»Ñ≤# ^≥·#Ok# rq`åxfl „ѨHõ¯‰õΩ<≥\˜ì ã¨iH˘`«Î rq`åxfl
„áê~°OaèOz#@¡xÑ≤OzOk. "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ H˘OK≥O ~Ú|ƒO^ŒxÑ≤Oz<å, áÈ#∞áÈ#∞ ÉÏQÍ JÅ"å@~ÚºOk. U ã¨=∞㨺Å∂ ~åÖË^∞Œ . <å P~ÀQƺOÖ’
=∞Oz =∂~°∞Ê HõxÊOzOk. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi ã¨∂K«#ÅÃÑ· =∞Ozh~°∞ „`åQÆ@O, q∞QÆ`å xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ áê\˜OK«_»O=Å¡ ~ÚѨÙÊ_≥O`À ǨÏëê~°∞QÍ
LO@∞<åfl#∞.
=∞Ozh~°∞ „Ѩu~ÀE L^ŒÜ«∞O 5 QÆO@ʼnõΩ 1 b@~°∞ 8.30 QÆO@ʼnõΩ XHõ b@~°∞, 11 QÆO@ʼnõΩ 1 b@~°∞, 3 QÆO@ʼnõΩ 1 b@~°∞ 6
QÆO@ʼnõΩ 1 b@~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl. nx=Å¡ L^ŒÜ«∞O ÖË=QÍ<Õ ã¨∞Yqˆ~K«#"≥∞ÿ „áê}ÏxH˜ ZO`À Ǩ~ÚQÍ LO@∞Ok. ™êÜ«∞O„`«O =∞m§ F™êi
qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ J~Ú â◊s~°=∞O`å `ÕeHõQÍ ã¨∞YOQÍ LO@∞Ok. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O +¨µQÆ~°∞, a.Ñ≤. HõO„\’ÖòÖ’ LO@∞Ok.
XHõ q+¨Ü«∞O WK«@ ã¨Ê+¨ìOQÍ K≥áêÊe. <å 62 UO_»¡ rq`«OÖ’ <åHõxÑ≤™ÈÎOk – HÍh Y~°∞Û ÖˉõΩO_® =∂#=Ù_»∞ ã¨∞Yr=#O QÆ_»Ñ¨@O
_®II ~åA QÍi ã¨ÅǨÅ#∞ áê\˜OK«_»O =Å¡ =∂„`«"Õ∞ gÅ=Ù`«∞Ok `«Ñ¨Ê =∞~À =∂~°æO ÖË^Œx Ѷ¨∞O\ÏѨ^äŒOQÍ <å ™êfi#∞Éèí=O `≥Å∞ѨÙ`«∞Ok.
_®Hõì~°∞ =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åAQÍiH˜ Hõ$`«[˝`å ѨÓ~°fiHõ Jaè#O^Œ#Å∞.

K. =∞e¡MÏ~°∞˚#~å=Ù,
12–3–23, =¸_»∞_®ÉÏÅ gkè,
H˘=Ófi~°∞ – 534 350,

19) H˜_ôflÅÖ’ ~åà◊√§ : ˆH=ÅO hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å H˜_ôflÅÖ’ H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ ~åà◊√§ ѨÓiÎQÍ HõiyáÈ`«∞O\Ï~Ú. =∞iH˘xfl ~åà◊√§
=¸„`«O ^•fi~å |Ü«∞@H˜ áÈ`å~Ú. JÖÏQÆx Jxfl~åà◊√§ h\˜`À<Õ áÈ`åÜ«∞#_®xH˜ ÖË^Œ∞. ~åà◊§Ö’¡ ~°HÍÅ#∞ |\˜ì, ~åà◊√§ ֒ѨÅ
`«Ü«∂Ô~·# „áêO`åefl |\˜ì Jq h\˜`À |Ü«∞@‰õΩ ~å=_»"≥∂, Hõ~°QÆ_»"≥∂ J<Õk P^è•~°Ñ¨_ç LO@∞Ok. H˘O`«=∞OkH˜ h~°∞ ÉÏQÍ
„`åy#ѨÊ\˜H© H˜_ôfl ~åà◊§=Å# ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ =ã¨∂Î LO>Ë =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_»@O QÍx, PѨˆ~+¨<£ ^•fi~å `˘ÅyOK«∞HÀ=_»O QÍx K≥Ü«∂ºe. h~°∞
`«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiH˜ =∞#O fã¨∞H˘#fl PǨ~°O ^•fi~å ֒ѨeH˜ "≥àı§ HÍe¬Ü«∞O, PHõûÖË\ò ÖÏO\˜q |Ü«∞@‰õΩ qã¨i˚OK«|_»Hõ, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
L#flq H˜_ôflÅÖ’, =¸„`«HÀâ◊OÖ’ ~åà◊§ ~°∂ѨOÖ’ ¿Ñ~°∞‰õΩO\Ï~Ú. WÖÏ ¿Ñ~°∞H˘#fl ~åà◊√§ hà◊√§ ÉÏQÍ „`åy`Õ Hõ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞<åflÜ«∞O>Ë,
"≥Ú^Œ@∞flO_ô hà◊√§ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ ~åà◊√§ `«Ü«∂~°ÜÕ∞º J=ã¨~°"Õ∞ LO_»^Œ∞ Hõ^•! D J=ã¨÷Å∞ Ѩ_»#Hõ¯~°ÖË^Œ∞ Hõ^•!
HÍ|\˜ì H˜_ôflÅÖ’ ~åà◊√§ `«fi~°QÍ Hõ~°QÍÅO>Ë 7, 8 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =∞Ozk.
H˜_flô Ö’ ~åà◊√§ áÈÜ«∂~Ú
_®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À.....
<Õ#∞ JHÀì|~ü 99Ö’ Hõ_»∞ѨÙ<˘Ñ≤Ê`À ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_»∞`«∂ JÖ’¡Ñ¨u _®Hõì~°∞ ^ŒQÆæ~° K«∂Ñ≤OK«∞‰õΩ<åfl#∞. "å~°∞ <å‰õΩ H˜_ôflÖ’ ~åà◊√§ L<åflÜ«∞x
™ê¯xOQ∑ KÕã≤ K«∂Ñ≤OKåe Jx K≥áêÊ~°∞. ™ê¯xOQ∑Ö’ <å‰õΩ á⁄uÎHõ_»∞ѨÙÖ’ =¸_»∞ ~åà◊√§, H˜_ôflÖ’ Ô~O_»∞ ~åà◊√§ L#fl@∞¡ `ÕeOk. P
Ѩiã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ WHõ PѨˆ~+¨<£ KÕ~ÚOK«∞HÀ"åÅ<åfl~°∞. JO^Œ∞Hõx #=O|~°∞Ö’ x"£∞ûÖ’ „\©\ò"≥∞O@∞ KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩO^•=∞x ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^£ =KåÛ#∞.
ÃÇ·Ï^Œ~åÉÏ^Œ∞Ö’ =∂ J`«ÎQÍiO\’¡ _®II ~åA QÍi ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ K«^Œ=_»O [iyOk. JO^Œ∞Ö’ H˜_ôflÖ’ ~åà◊√§ áÈQ˘@∞ì‰õΩ#fl ~ÀQÆ∞Å∞
J#∞Éèí"åÅ∞ K«kq ZO`À Pâ◊Û~åºxH˜ Ö’#Ü«∂º#∞. "≥O><Õ Ñ¨ÙãÎ̈HÍÖ’¡ ~åã≤# q^èŒOQÍ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. H˘xfl ~ÀAÅ `«~°∞"å`«
x"£∞û‰õΩ "≥àϧ#∞. x"£∞ûÖ’ =∞~°ÖÏ >ˇã¨∞ìÅ∞ KÕã≤ <å‰õΩ ~åà◊√§ ÖË=x K≥áêÊ~°∞. Jk <åˆH #=∞‡â◊HõºO HÍ#O`« x[O! ˆH=ÅO hà◊§`À WO`«
J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# suÖ’ H˜_ôflÖ’ ~åà◊√§ HõiyáÈ=_»O J^Œ∞ƒù`«O. ã¨O`À+¨O`À P iáÈ~°∞ìÅ∞ fã¨∞ÔHo§ ~åA QÍiH˜ K«∂Ñ≤OKå#∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O <Õ#∞
KåÖÏ P~ÀQƺOQÍ L<åfl#∞. "ÕÅ∞ Y~°ÛÜÕ∞º PѨ~ˆ +¨<£ `«Ñʨ _»"∞Õ H͉õΩO_® =∂#ã≤HOõ QÍ ‰õÄ_® ZO`À Ǩ~ÚQÍ L<åfl#∞. nxHõO`«\H˜ © HÍ~°‰Ωõ Öˇ#·
_®II ~åAQÍiH˜ ã¨~°fi^• Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞.
S. #~°ã≤OǨ~å=Ù,
ExÜ«∞~ü ã≤qÖò [_ç˚ HÀ~°∞ì,
#Ok H˘@∂¯~°∞, Hõ~°∂flÅ∞ lÖÏ¡–518 401.
20) =¸„`«OÖ’ =∞O@ : h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åˆQ"åiH˜ =¸„`«O `«‰õΩ¯= `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. `«‰õΩ¯= =¸„`«O`À â◊s~°O #∞O_ç |Ü«∞@‰õΩ
áÈ=Åã≤# Ü«¸iÜ«∂, Ü«¸iH± Ü«∂ã≤_£ ÖÏO\˜ =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áȉõΩO_® ֒ѨÖË xÅ∞= LO@∂ LO\Ï~Ú.
=¸„`«O `«‰õΩ¯= `«Ü«∂~°∞ J=fi_»O =Å¡ =¸„`«O zHõ¯|_»∞`«∞Ok. =¸„`«O H˘kÌH˘kÌQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ "≥à◊√`«∂ =∞O@QÍ, "Õ_çQÍ
LO@∞Ok. JѨÙ_»∞ "Õ_ç KÕã≤O^Œ#∞H˘x ѨOK«^•~° hà’§, =∞l˚QÀ „`åy ã¨iÃÑ_»`å~°∞ QÍx h~°∞ =∂„`«O „`åQÆ~°∞. „ã‘ÎÅÖ’ =¸„`«
^•fi~°O ‰õΩ~°K«QÍ LO_»@O =Å# [#<ÕO„kÜ«∂Å =^ŒÌ LO_Õ ÉÏH©ìiÜ«∂ `ÕeHõQÍ =¸„`« ^•fi~°O ^•fi~å =¸„`« HÀâßxH˜ KÕi Ü«¸i<£
W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£Å∞ =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. J@∞=O@ѨC_»∞ h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åy`Õ Ö’Ñ¨Å‰õΩ KÕi# ÉϺH©ìiÜ«∂ Z‰õΩ¯= ã¨OYºÖ’ ÃÑiyáÈ~Ú,
h~°∞_»∞ <˘Ñ≤ÊQÍ, =∞O@QÍ ~å=_»O, [fi~°O ~å=_»O ‰õÄ_® [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. =∞O^Œ∞ÅHõO>Ë =ÚYºOQÍ KÕÜ«∂eû# Ѩx, QÆO@ QÆO@‰õΩ
Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O. ^•x=Å# =¸„`«HÀâ◊O â◊√„ÉèíO KÕÜ«∞|_ç =¸„`«O =∞O@ `«fi~°QÍ x"åiOK«|_»∞`«∞Ok. =¸„`«O ZѨÙ_»∂
‰õÄ_® `≥Å¡QÍ, "åã¨# ÖˉõΩO_® ^è•~°QÍ "≥àϧe. JѨÙ_»∞ =∞O@Å∞ W<£ÃѶHõ∆<£Å∞ ~å=Ù.
=¸„`«OÖ’ =∞O@ `«yæ áÈ~ÚOk
Q“~°=hÜ«ÚÅ∞, ѨÓAºÅ∞ J~Ú# _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ~åAQÍi¯ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞. <å ¿Ñ~°∞ "≥OHõ>âË fi◊ ~°∞,¡ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 29
ã¨OIIÅ∞. =∂k „ѨHÍâ◊O lÖÏ¡, =∞„iK≥@∞ìáêÖˇO.
g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q^èŒ=ÚQÍ <Õ#∞, =∂ `«=Ú‡_»∞ "≥OHõ@~å=Ù, 28 ã¨OIIÅ∞, ‰õÄ_® „Ѩu ~ÀE 41/2 #∞O_ç 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy<å=Ú. =∂
W^ŒÌiH© =∞Å|^ŒúHõ=Ú =ÙO_Õk. =¸„`«O ‰õÄ_® Ѩã¨∞Ѩ٠~°OQÆ∞Ö’ =KÕÛk. JѨC_»Ñ¨Ù_»∂ =¸„`«OÖ’ =∞O@ ‰õÄ_® =ã¨∂Î =ÙO_Õk. g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê#
q^èŒOQÍ h\˜ ¿ã=#O =Å# ÃÑ· Ô~O_»∞ ã¨=∞㨺Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ ÉÏQÆ∞Ѩ_®¤~Ú. WѨÙ_»∞ h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ZO_»Ö’ ZO`« uiy<å W|ƒOk
JxÑ≤OK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞. KåÖÏ Ç¨~ÚQÍ =Ù<åfl=Ú. =ÚYºOQÍ L^ŒÜ«∞O Ѩ~°QÆ_»∞ѨÙ# „`åˆQ 11/2 b@~°¡ h~°∞ KåÖÏ LѨÜ≥∂QÆHõ~°OQÍ =ÙO\’Ok.
Qͺãπ „@|∞Öò ‰õÄ_® `«yæOk. g∞~°∞ K≥|∞`«∞#fl P~ÀQƺ ã¨ÅǨÅ∞ =∂ HõO^ŒiH© ZO`À LѨÜ≥∂QÆHõ~°OQÍ L<åfl~Ú. =∂‰õΩ =ÚO^Œ∞=ÚO^Œ∞
=∞ixfl P~ÀQƺ ã¨ÅǨÅx™êÎ~°x HÍOH˜∆ã¨∂Î, g∞ x™êfi~°ú ¿ã=‰õΩ Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ `≥Å∞ѨÙ`«∂ g∞‰õΩ ã¨^• P Dâ◊fi~°∞x Pjã¨∞ûÅ∞ =ÙO_®Åx
=∞#ã¨∂ÊiÎQÍ HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞.
M. "≥OHõ>Ëâ◊fi~°∞¡,
t= ZO@~ü„ÃÑ·*ˇãπ, =∞„iK≥@∞ìáêÖˇO
„ѨHÍâ◊O lÖÏ¡, á¶È#∞ : 73119

21) â◊s~°O "åã¨#Å∞ : â◊s~°O #∞O_ç ^Œ∞~åfiã¨#Å∞ =ã¨∞Î<åfl~Ú, JO>Ë =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞ q∞ye áÈ`«∞<åfl~Ú Jx J~°÷O. =º~°÷ Ѩ^•~å÷Å∞
|Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ=_»O ÖË^OŒ >Ë "å\˜x HõiyOz, |Ü«∞@‰õΩ "≥∂ã¨∞‰õΩxáÈÜÕ∞ h~°∞ â◊s~°OÖ’ KåÅ_»O ÖË^xŒ J~°O÷ . =∞#Ö’x qã¨~H˚° Í=Ü«∞"åÅ∞
ÉÏQÍ Ñ¨x KÕã¨∞Î#flѨÊ\˜H© qã¨~°̊# „H˜Ü«∞‰õΩ ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiOKÕ h~°∞ KåÅHõ áÈ=_»O =Å# =∞Å=¸„`å^Œ∞Å∞, K≥=∞@ "åã¨#ÖÁã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú.
h~°∞ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# <≥ÖÏ Ô~O_»∞<≥ÅÖ’¡ â◊s~°O #∞O_ç "åã¨#Å∞ KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú.
K≥=∞@ "åã¨# áÈ~ÚOk
_®Hõì~ü ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∂, #=∞¿ãÎ!
<Õ#∞ ã¨sfiã¨∞Ö’ '=~ü¯ D*ò =i¬Ñπ— (Work is Worship) ÖÏ ÉèÏqOK«_»O =Å# q∞QÆ`å q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ – Jq =∞Oz"≥·<å, K≥_»¤"≥·<å
JO`«QÍ Ñ¨>Ëìq HÍ^Œ∞. J~Ú`Õ <Õ#∞ 1993 ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’ i>ˇÿ~ü JÜ«∂º#∞. JѨÊ\˜ #∞O_ç P~ÀQƺѨ~°OQÍ, =∂#ã≤HõOQÍ, P^蕺u‡HõOQÍ
WOHÍ WOHÍ `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åÅ<Õ `«Ñ¨#`À aèHõ∆=∞Ü«∞º QÆ∞~°∂r =^ŒÌ Zãπ.Zãπ."≥·. KÕ¿ã ÉèÏQƺO HõeyOk. ^•xÖ’x =∞Ozx „QÆÇ≤ÏOz H˘O`«=~°‰õΩ
WѨÊ\˜H© á¶êÖ’ J=Ù`«∞<åfl#∞. J~Ú`Õ =∂iÛ 25# g∞ LѨ<åºã¨O q<Õ ÉèÏQƺO Hõey#k. =∞#ÃãûO`À "≥∞zÛOk. JHõ¯_» L#fl ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅ∞, 4
ÉèÏQÍÅ∞ fã¨∞‰õΩ =zÛ K«k"å#∞. 26= `ås‰õΩ#∞O_ç h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. Ö’QÆ_»ÖÏ H͉õΩO_® KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ LѨÙÊ `«yæOKå#∞.
<Õ#∞ L^ŒÜ«∞O 1.5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åy XHõ QÆO@ #_»=@O [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. uiy =KÕÛ@ѨÊ\˜H˜ <Õ#∞ "Õã¨∞‰õΩ#fl |@ìÅhfl K≥=∞@#∞
Ñ≤O_®eû# Ѩiã≤÷u. <å <å~°‡Öò ZHõû~üÃã·AÅ∞, Pã¨<åÅ∞, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞O, ^蕺#O JÜÕ∞ºã¨iH˜ XO\’¡ hˆ~g∞ ÖË^Œ#fl@∞¡ =ÙO@∞#flk. "≥O@<Õ
1.5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. 11 QÆO@Å ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ =∞~À b@~°∞ h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. WOH˘Hõ b@~°∞ PǨ~°O
fã¨∞H˘#fl Ô~O_»∞QÆO@Å `«~°∞"å`« fã¨∞H˘O@∞<åfl#∞. D q^èŒOQÍ <Õ#∞ „Ѩf~ÀE h\˜x „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 65 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞
HÍ=_»O =Å#<Õ"≥∂ Z‰õΩ¯=™ê~°∞¡ Ü«¸i<£H˜ "≥à◊§=Åã≤ =ã¨∞Î#flk. „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ „Ѷ‘ÔHfihû `«QÆ∞æ`«∞O^Œx Ptã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
<å J#∞Éèí"åÅ∞
1. ѨÓ~°fiO <å‰õΩ qѨs`«"∞≥ #ÿ K≥=∞@ Ѩ\,ì̃ P K≥=∞@ ^Œ∞~åfiã¨#`À ‰õÄ_ç LO_Õk. gÅ∞#flÑÙ¨ _»ÖÏ¡ |xÜ«∞#∞¡ =∂ˆ~Û "å_çx. <å K≥=∞@
<åˆH W|ƒOk HõeyOKÕk. ÃÑ· q^èOŒ QÍ h~°∞ „`åy# Ñ≤^ÑŒ ¨ KåÖÏ Pâ◊Û~°ºHõ~O° QÍ K≥=∞@"åã¨# ã¨OѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ~ÚOk. â◊s~°O `ÕeHõÑ_¨ Oç k.
JÖψQ =¸„`«O ‰õÄ_® U q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# ^Œ∞~åfiã¨# ~å=_»O ÖË^Œ∞. K≥=∞@ Ѩ\˜ì<å zH͉õΩ JxÑ≤OK«_»O ÖË^Œ∞.
2. <å‰õΩ ZѨÊ\˜#∞O_À Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O LO_Õk. x"å~°}ÔH· Jxfl „Ѩܫ∞`åflÅ∞ KÕâß#∞. J~Ú`Õ Ñ¶¨e`«O ÖËHõáÈ~ÚOk. Ö’QÆ_» ~ÀE 3
b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åˆQ"å_çx, HÍx ã¨Ô~·# ã¨=∞Ü«∞OÖ’ fã¨∞HÀÖË^Œ∞. JO>Ë PǨ~°O fã¨∞‰õΩ#fl "≥O@<Õ „`åˆQ"å_çx. nx=Å# QÆO@#fl~°
`«~åfi`« 'Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O— "≥Ú^ŒÅÜÕ∞ºk. D q^è•<åxfl J#∞ã¨iOz h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# r~°‚„H˜Ü«∞ "≥∞~°∞QÆ∞Ѩ_ç Hõ_»∞ѨÙ|ƒ~°O áÈ~ÚOk.
3. WѨÙ_»∞ qˆ~K«#O L^ŒÜ«∞O, ™êÜ«∞O„`«O XHõ x=Ú+¨OÖ’ J=ÙK«∞#flk. Ö’QÆ_» ‰õÄ_® JÜÕ∞ºk HÍx, WO`« „Ѷ‘QÍ WO`« `«fi~°QÍ
JÜÕ∞ºk HÍ^Œ∞.
h\˜x „`åQÆ@O`À Ѷ¨e`åÅ∞ ã¨`«fi~°"Õ∞ HõÅQÆ@O=Å¡ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# q∞QÆ`å PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Åhfl áê\˜OKåÅ<Õ L`åûǨÏO ÃÑiy "å\˜x
‰õÄ_® "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\Ïì#∞. J~Ú`Õ XHõ ã¨O^ÕǨÏO LOk. Z‰õΩ¯= h~°∞ „`åQÆ@O =Å# H˜_ôfl g∞^Œ Z‰õΩ¯= Ö’_£ Ѩ_»@O, K≥=∞@, Ü«¸i<£ ^•fi~å
™êÖòìû áÈ~Ú ^ÕǨxH˜ Ǩx [~°∞QƉõΩO_® LO>Ë KåÅxÑ≤ã¨∞ÎOk. J#∞Éèí=O`À K≥¿ÑÊ g∞=∂@Å ^•fi~å, JÖÏ Z\˜ì Ѩiã≤÷`«∞Ö’¡#∂ [~°QÆ^Œx
qâ◊fiã≤OK«∞K«∞<åfl#∞. QÍex áÈQÆ∞"Õã≤, =ÓǨÏÅÖ’ =∂\Ï¡_Õ"åiH˜, J#∞Éèí= ѨÓ~°fiHõ=ÚQÍ =∂\Ï¡_Õ"åiH˜ <å J#∞Éèí"åÖË ™êH˜∆.
g∞~°∞ `≥e¿Ñ „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#OÖ’x h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl áê\˜Oz<å ^ÕâßxH˜ ZO`À "Õ∞Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞O^Œ#∞HÀ=_»OÖ’ ZÖÏO\˜ ã¨O^ÕǨÏO
ÖË^∞Œ . qâߊǨÏ$^ŒÜ∞« O`À g∞~°∞ WKÕÛ '"å}˜— Pã¨HHÎ̃ ~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ , ã¨âß„ã‘Ü
Î ∞« "≥∞#ÿ q=~°} H˘xÜ«∂_» ^Œy#q. x™êfi~°÷ ѨÓi`«∞Öˇ· ã¨=∂*ÏxH˜ "Õ∞Å∞
KÕÜ«∂Å#fl g∞ ^èպܫ∞O KåÖÏ H˘xÜ«∂_»^Œy#k. D ã¨O^Œ~°ƒùOQÍ XHõ q#flѨO.
 â◊s~° ^èŒ~å‡Å QÆ∞iOz <å‰õΩ `≥eã≤#O`« =~°‰õÄ g∞izÛ# q^èŒOQÍ ã¨OѨÓ~°‚"≥∞ÿ# q=~°} WOÔHHõ¯_® q#ÖË^Œ∞. JÖψQ =∂#=Ù_»∞
fã¨∞H˘<Õ QÍe, h~°∞, PǨ~°O, â◊s~°OÖ’x UÜÕ∞ J=Ü«∞"åÅ∞ U q^èŒOQÍ LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_ç =∂#=ÙxH˜ LѨHõi™êÎÜ≥∂ q=~°OQÍ `≥e¿Ñ ѨÙã¨ÎHõO
"≥Å∞=i¿ãÎ „Ѩ[ÅO^ŒiH© WOHÍ ZO`À LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_»∞`«∞Ok. JO`ÕHÍ^Œ∞ g∞~°∞ KÕ¿ã Hõ$+≤H˜ WOÔHO`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞ÎO^Œx <å #=∞‡HõO.... WHõ
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=ÚHõ¯_»O =Å# =ÙO_»Å ÖÏO\˜ =∞ÅO „¿ÑQÆ∞Å QÀ_»ÅÖ’x ~°HõÎ <åàÏÅ#∞ pÅ∞Û‰õΩO@∂ "≥à◊√ÎOk. ^•x`À qˆ~K«#O`À ~°HõÎOѨ_»@O,
Pã¨#O ^ŒQÆæ~° qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ# <˘Ñ≤Ê, =∞O@ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. nxHõO`«\˜H© HÍ~°}O h~°∞ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åQÆ_»O =Å#
qˆ~K«#O =∞$^Œ∞=ÙQÍ, ™êѶ‘QÍ "≥à◊√`«∞Ok. qˆ~K«#O ™êѶ‘QÍ "≥à◊§_»O =Å# ÃÑ·Öòû =Å# ÉÏ^èŒ LO_»^Œ∞. ~°HõÎO Ѩ_»@O ѨÓiÎQÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
H˘xfl ~°HÍÅ ÃÑ·Öòû ѨÓiÎQÍ h\˜`À<Õ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. h~°∞ „`åy<å LѨâ◊=∞#O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok QÍx ѨÓiÎ x"å~°} H˘O^Œi q+¨Ü«∞OÖ’
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NÜ«Ú`«∞Å∞ =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ~åA QÍiH˜ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞!
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qã¨~°˚# [iÔQ_çk. ^•x`À ~°HõÎO ‰õÄ_® Ѩ_»∞K«∞O_≥_çk. q∞QÆ`å ã¨=∞Ü«∂ÅÖ’ ‰õÄ_® <å‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞‰õΩO_® ~°HõÎOѨ_ç ^èÀ=u `«_çã≤áÈÜ≥∞_çk.
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ѨÙãÎ̈HõO WzÛ nxÖ’ #∞#fl "≥·^Œº q^è•#O áê\˜OK«=∞x K≥áêÊ_»∞. ^•xx K«kq =∞~°∞ã¨\˜ ~ÀA J#QÍ k. 1.2.2000 = `Õn# L^ŒÜ«∞O 6
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`≥Å∞ѨÙH˘#∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
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Hõ~°¡áêÖˇO, QÆ∞O@∂~°∞ lÖÏ¡.

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L#fl PǨ~°O ѨÙÅ∞ã¨∞ÎOk. ^•x`À ѨÙÅ¡x „`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ =™êÎ~Ú. J^Õ h~°∞, PǨ~°O u#fl Ô~O_»∞ QÆO@Å `«~åfi`« „`åy`Õ PǨ~°O
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„`Õ#∞ÊÅ∞ `«QÍæ~Ú
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=zÛOk. ^•xH˜ PѨˆ~+¨<£ KÕ™ê~°∞.
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T.V.
T.V ~å=∞~åA,
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Wk =~°‰Ωõ K≥=∞@ Ѩ_` ç ,Õ =à◊§O`å QÆ∞K«∞Û‰õΩ#fl@∞¡ Wi>Ë+<¨ ,£ "åã¨#, Jã¨ÇϨ ºO. D K≥=∞@`À <Õ<O≥ `À JÖÏ¡_áç ÈÜ«∂#∞. =∞#ã¨∞Ö’ z#fl
PÖ’K«# Hõey<å, â◊s~°O J@∂ W@∂ Hõke<å K≥=∞@, z#fl z#fl ÉèíÜ«∂ňH kQÆK≥=∞@. pèpè Uq∞\© Y~°‡ Jx JxÑ≤OKÕk. WѨÙ_»∞ P ÉÏ^èŒ
`«yOæ k. K≥=∞@ Ѩ\<ì̃ å hà◊§`À â◊√„ÉèOí KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩO@∞#fl>¡Ë LOk `«Ñʨ K≥=∞@Ö’ HõOѨÙÖË^∞Œ . |@ìÅ∞ "åã¨#ÖË=Ù. â◊s~°O "åã¨# ÖË^∞Œ . Wk=~°‰Ωõ #fl
'~åHõ∆ã≤ PHõe— áÈ~ÚOk.
=∞#∞ã¨∞‰õΩ Q˘Ñ¨Ê „ѨâßO`«`« J#∞Éè=í OÖ’H˜ =™ÈÎOk. ^蕺#ã≤u ÷ Ö’<Õ ã¨^• =ÙO\’Ok. ~°=∞‡<åfl J#=ã¨~"° ∞≥ #ÿ PÖ’K«#Å∞ ~å=_»O ÖË^∞Œ .
W^À J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# =∂~°∞Ê. <Õ<≥O`«QÍ<À JaèÅ+≤OKÕ =∂~°∞Ê. =∞ø#O KåÖÏ ã¨∞ÅÉèí=Ú, ã¨Ç¨Ï[=Ú J~ÚºOk. HÀѨO, ^Õfi+¨O ÖÏO\˜ <≥y\˜"£
Ѷ‘eOQÆ∞û ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂Ü«∞O. q+¨Ü«∂xfl ˆH=ÅO [_ç˚ KÕã¨∞ÎOk `«Ñ¨Ê ^•xH˜ J\ÏKü HÍ=_»O ÖË^Œ∞ =∞#ã¨∞. ÉèíQÆ=næ`«Ö’ Hõ$+¨‚Ѩ~°=∂`«‡ K≥Ñ≤Ê#
=ÚHõÎ ã≤÷u J#∞Éèí=OÖ’H˜ =™ÈÎOk. ÉèíÜ«∞O, Ñ≤iH˜`«#O ÖÏO\˜ J=ÅHõ∆}ÏÅ∞ áÈ~Ú, lOHõ Ñ≤Å¡ÖÏQÍ UH˜ì"£QÍ ‰õÄ~˘Ûx, ÖËz ã‘Ê_£QÍ Ñ¨x
K≥Ü«∞ºQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. _®Hõì~°∞ QÍi |∞∞}O f~°∞ÛHÀÖË#∞.
#=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À
G. MÏ^Œ~üÅH˜∆ ‡,
W/o. G.S.G. „Ѩ™ê^£,
"≥∞„ÿ HÀ"Õ"£ ¿ãì+<¨ ,£ ÃÑ#∞H˘O_»,
J#O`«Ñ¨Ù~°O lÖÏ¡.–515110.
25) Pã¨Î=∂ : ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ Pã¨Î=∂ L#fl "åiH˜ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ ~˘OѨÅ∞, `«∞=Ú‡Å∞ ÖÏO\˜q =ã¨∂Î =ÙO\Ï~Ú. hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ ~˘OѨÅ∞,
^ŒQÆ∞æÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= J=Ù`åÜ«∞x hà◊√§ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ∞`å~°∞. ^•x`À Ç≤Ïã¨ìq∞<£û Z‰õΩ¯= `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. Wk „Hõ=∞OQÍ PÜ«∂ã¨OÖ’H˜
kOѨÙ`«∞Ok. "≥Ú^Œ\˜#∞O_ô h~°∞„`åˆQ JÅ"å@∞ LO>Ë ZÅs˚ÖËg Pã¨Î=∂QÍ =∂~°=Ù. Pã¨Î=∂ =zÛ# "å~°∞ ~ÀAH˜ 5, 6 b@~°∞¡ QÀ~°∞
"≥K«Ûx h~°∞ „`åy`Õ âßfiã¨<åàÏÅ∞ "åºHÀzOz, âı¡ëê‡Å∞ Hõiy `ÕeHõQÍ |Ü«∞@‰õΩ áÈ`å~Ú. ^•x`À PÜ«∂ã¨O `«yæáÈ`«∞Ok. ˆH=ÅO
hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæ# "åà◊√§ H˘kÌ =∞Ok LO>Ë 50–60% LѨâ◊=∞#O HõeˆQ"å~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= =∞Ok LO\Ï~°∞. PǨ~°OÖ’
LѨC=∂x"Õ¿ãΠѨÓiÎQÍ PÜ«∂ã¨O `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
80 Uà◊§ =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’ `«y#æ P™ê·
"Õ∞=∞O`å _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞ JOkOz# '„ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#=Ú— J#∞ã¨iã¨∂Î P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å"≥∞ÿ rqã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú.
D r=# q^è•#=Ú Jxfl =Ü«∞ã¨∞Å "åiH˜, "åiH˜ U ~ÀQÆ=Ú<åfl, Zxfl ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞QÍ L<åfl, Zxfl =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ "å_ç<å PÜ«∂ ~ÀQÍÅ#∞
ѨÓiÎQÍ `˘ÅyOz ã¨OѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å∞QÍ KÕÜ«∞@O xâ◊ÛÜ«∞=Ú J<Õ q+¨Ü«∞=Ú =∂ ‰õΩ@∞O|OÖ’ |∞∞A=Ù J~ÚºOk.
=∂ J=∞‡QÍi =Ü«∞ã¨∞ 82 ã¨OIIÅ∞. 35 ã¨OIIÅ „H˜`«O P"≥∞‰õΩ ÃÑ^•ÌѨˆ~+¨<£ KÕã≤ QÆ~°ƒùã¨Oz `˘ÅyOz<å~°∞. `«~°∞"å`« P"≥∞ P~ÀQƺO
áê_»~Ú`Õ JÖ’¡Ñ¨u _®Hõì~üQÍiH˜ K«∂Ñ≤OKå=Ú. "å~°∞ ^ä≥·~å~Ú_£ „áê|¡"£∞ Jx K≥Ñ≤Ê rq`åO`«O =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ q∞OQÍe, JѨÙ_Õ HõO„\’ÖòÖ’
LO@∞Ok Jx `ÕÖÏÛ~°∞. P"≥∞ JÖψQ ã¨OIIÅ∞QÍ "å_ç#k. z=iH˜ P"≥∞H˜ 70 ã¨OIIÅ∞ =KÕÛ@ѨÊ\˜H˜ Pã¨Î=∂ "≥Ú^ŒÅ~ÚºOk. qѨs`«"≥∞ÿ#
ÉÏ^èŒ LO_Õk. Ñ≤e¡‰õÄ`«Å∞, PÜ«∂ã¨O =KÕÛk. XH˘¯Hõ¯™êi Z_»`≥iÑ≤ÖËx ^ŒQÆ∞æ =zÛ Hõo§ |Ü«∞@Ѩ_Õk. Ü«∂O\˜|Ü≥∂\˜H±û Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ
"å_çOKÕ"å~°∞. *Ï„QÆ`«ÎQÍ LO_»=∞x, Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ Ñ¨#∞Å∞ K≥Ü≥∞º^ŒÌx, Ѩ_»x Ѩ^•~å÷ÖËg u#=^ŒÌh K≥áêÊ~°∞.
W@∞=O\˜ Ѩiã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ _®II ~åA QÍix Hõe¿ãÎ QÀ~°∞"≥K«Û\˜ h~°∞ PÜ«∞# K≥Ñ≤Ê# Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ „`åQÆ=∞x K≥áêÊ~°∞. =∂ J=∞‡`À JÖÏ
„`åQÆ=∞x K≥a`Õ : WHõ =Úã¨e^•xfl J~ÚáÈÜ«∂#∞ Hõ^•, <åÔHO^Œ∞‰õΩ D hà◊√§ „`åQÆ@O, Jx =∞O^Œ∞ÅH˜ `«QÆæ#k, D hà◊√§ „`åy`Õ
`«yæáÈ`«∞O^•! <Õ#∞ ''XHõ K«∞Hõ¯ ‰õÄ_® „`åQÆ#∞—— JOk. WHõ JÖÏ HÍ^Œx Pq_»#∞ <å ^ŒQÆæˆ~ LOK«∞‰õΩx "≥Ú^Œ\’¡ |Å=O`«OQÍ<Õ h\˜x
„`åQÆ@O JÅ"å@∞ KÕâß#∞. „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ P"≥∞Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê=zÛ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ÃÑ\Ïì~°∞. PÜ«∂ã¨O, Ñ≤e¡‰õÄ`«Å∞ áÈÜ«∂~Ú. WѨÙ_»∞ 'Pã¨Î=∂—
ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæáÈ=_»"Õ∞ H͉õΩO_®, 7, 8 ã¨OIIÅ „H˜`«O #∞O_ç P"≥∞‰õΩ L#fl ''Ǩ~üì „áê|¡"£∞—— ‰õÄ_® `«yæáÈ~Ú#k. WѨÙ_»∞ JO`« =Ü«∞ã¨∞ûÖ’
‰õÄ_® `«# Ѩ#∞Åhfl `«<Õ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl~°∞. QÆ^Œ∞Å∞ T_»fi@O, =O@ KÕã¨∞HÀ=_»O, hà◊√§ `À_»@O "≥ÚIIQÆ∞ Ѩ#∞Åhfl KÕã¨∞HÀQÆÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞<åfl~°∞.
JO`«H<õ åfl P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞=ÚOk! J^Œ$+ì̈"∞Õ =ÚOk! WѨÙ_»∞ P"≥∞ q∞QÆ`å PǨ~° xÜ«∞=∂Å∞ ‰õÄ_® áê\˜Oz WOHÍ P~ÀQƺOQÍ LO\Ï#O@∞<åfl~∞° .
Éèí„^Œ=∞‡
W/o. N ~å=∞K«O„^Œ~å=Ù
ã¨*Ï˚ѨÙ~°O, `«}∞‰õΩ. á¶È#∞ : 54314
26) H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ : H©à◊§ ã¨O^Œ∞Ö’¡ lQÆ∞~°∞ `«yæ# "åiH˜ H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, =ã¨∂Î LO\Ï~Ú. hà◊√§ `«‰õΩ¯= „`åˆQ "åiH˜ P lQÆ∞~°∞
`«‰õΩ¯=QÍ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`«∞Ok. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯= „`åQÆ_»O =Å# lQÆ∞~°∞ âß`«O ÃÑ~°∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. JO`Õ H͉õΩO_® hà◊§‰õΩ ~°Hõ΄Ѩã¨~°} ‰õÄ_®
ÉÏQÍ J=Ù`«∞Ok. ™ê^è•~°}OQÍ |~°∞=Ù Z‰õΩ¯= L#fl "åiH˜ H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ Z‰õΩ¯= LO\Ï~Ú. hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O ^•fi~å |~°∞=Ù `«QÆæ_»O
=Å# ‰õÄ_® H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ H˘O`« =~°‰õΩ `«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ =zÛ# H˘`«ÎÖ’ J~Ú`Õ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# KåÖÏ =~°‰õΩ
`«QÆ∞æ`å~Ú. KåÖÏ HÍÅO #∞O_ç H©à◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ L#fl"å~°∞ J~Ú`Õ hà◊√§ „`åQÆ_»O =Å# JO`« „ѨÜ≥∂[#O LO_»Hõ áÈ=K«∞Û.
Ô~O_»∞ <≥ÅÅÖ’ `«yæ# "≥∂HÍà◊§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞
=∞Ǩ~å[N =∞O`≥# ã¨`º« <å~åÜ«∞} ~åAQÍi¯ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À á⁄ÅѨŠNx"åã¨~å=Ù „"åÜ«Ú#k. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞ 38 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞.
<å‰õΩ "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, HÍà◊§‰õΩ h~°∞ =zÛOk. „H˜O^Œ ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO>Ë ÖË=ÖˉõΩO_® qѨs`«OQÍ ÉÏ^èŒÑ¨_Õ"å}˜‚. ZHõ¯_» ‰õÄ~°∞ÛO>Ë JHõ¯_»
x„^Œ=zÛ =∞`«∞ÎQÍ =ÙO_Õk. <å |~°∞=Ù ‰õÄ_® Z‰õΩ¯=. 90 ˆHrÅ∞ =ÙO_Õ"å_çx. [#=i <≥ÅÖ’ ѨsHõ∆ KÕ~ÚOK«∞‰õΩO>Ë +¨µQÆ~°∞ ‰õÄ_® =Ù#fl@∞¡
`≥eã≤Ok. 7–2–2001 # g∞ „Ѩã¨OQÆO qx =∞~°∞<å\˜ #∞O_ç g∞ ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ∞ K«^Œ∞=Ù`«∂ PK«iã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. hà◊√§ ~ÀAH˜ 6, 7 b@~°¡‰õΩ `«QÆæ‰õΩO_®
„`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞.
8–4–2001H˜ <å |~°∞=Ù 80 ˆHrʼnõΩ =zÛOk. Wk =~°‰õΩ <å‰õΩ qˆ~K«#=Ú ‰õÄ_® ã¨iQÍ JÜÕ∞ºk HÍ^Œ∞. WѨÙ_»∞ 2, 3 ™ê~°∞¡ ™êѶ‘QÍ
qˆ~K«#=Ú J=Ù`ÀOk. "≥∂HÍà◊√§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ Pâ◊Û~°ºOQÍ Ô~O_»∞ <≥ÅÖ’¡<Õ `«yæ#q. WѨÙ_»∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ "≥∂HÍà◊§ <˘Ñ¨CÅ ÉÏ^èŒ `«yæáÈ~ÚOk. `«ÅÖ’
K«∞O„_»∞ ‰õÄ_® `«yæOk. 4 ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ #∞O_ç =∞}˜Hõ@∞ì ^ŒQÆæ~° `≥Å¡=∞K«Û =Ù#flk. WѨÙ_»∞ P =∞K«Û ‰õÄ_® `«QÆ∞æK«∞#flk. ™êfl<åxH˜ ã¨|∞ƒ
"å_»@O ÖË^Œ∞. `≥Å¡x |@ì`À ~°∞^Œ∞ÌH˘x ™êfl#O KÕã¨∞ÎO>Ë â◊s~°O â◊√„ÉèíOQÍ, #∞#flQÍ "≥∞~°∞ã¨∂Î =ÙOk. LѨC "å_»@O ѨÓiÎQÍ =∂x"ÕÜ«∞_»O
=Å# HÍà◊§‰õΩ h~°∞ ‰õÄ_® ѨÓiÎQÍ `«yæOk. <ÕxѨÙ_»∞ Jxfl ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `«yæ Ǩïëê~°∞QÍ =Ù<åfl#∞. <Õ#∞ '5— J_»∞QÆ∞Å 8 JOQÆ∞àÏÅ∞ Z`«∞Î =Ù<åfl#∞.
D q^è•<åxfl WÖψQ á¶êÖ’ J=Ù`«∂ WOHÍ 10 ˆHrÅ∞ `«QÍæÅx J#∞H˘O@∞<åfl#∞. ~ÀE ‰õÄ~°QÍÜ«∞Å ~°ã¨O, "≥ÚÅÔHuÎ# yO[Å∞, J#fl=Ú
`«yæOz ѨO_»∞¡, K«áêfÅ∞, ‰õÄ~° Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ uO@∞<åfl#∞. WѨÙ_»∞ +¨µQÆ~°∞ <å~°‡ÖòQÍ =ÙOk. _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞ g∞\˜OQ∑Ö’
K≥¿ÑÊ=hfl J=∞Å∞ Ѩ~°∞ã¨∂Î KåÖÏ =∞Ok „Ѩ[Å∞ =∞O^Œ∞Å`À Ѩx ÖˉõΩO_® P~ÀQͺxfl ÉÏQÆ∞ KÕã≤H˘O@∞<åfl~°∞. x[OQÍ _®II =∞O`≥#
ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞ ^≥·= ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙÅ∞. PÜ«∞#‰õΩ ã¨$+≤ìHõ~°Î PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQͺÅ#∞ „Ѩ™êkOKåÅx ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x „áêi÷ã¨∞÷<åfl#∞.
á⁄ÅѨŠNx"åã¨~å=Ù
_À~ü <≥O. 19–7–3, |O_»¡q∞@ì
XOQÀÅ∞–523 001
27) \©, HÍѶ‘Å g∞^Œ „Ñ‘u ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞Ok : =∞#HõO^ŒiH© ÖËz# "≥O@<Õ \©, HÍѶ‘Å∞ „`åQÆ_»O JÅ"å@∞. XHõ™êi JÅ"å@∞
JÜ«∂ºHõ g\˜x =∂#_»O KåÖÏHõ+¨ìO. P~ÀQͺxH˜ =∞Oz^Œx ZѨÙ_≥·`Õ L^ŒÜ«∞O =¸_»∞ b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O „áê~°OaèOKå~À, L^ŒÜ«∞O
QÆO@ H˘Hõ b@~°∞ K˘Ñ¨C# P 3 b@~°∞¡ „`åˆQã¨iH˜ \©,HÍѶ‘Å g∞^Œ „Ñ‘u ѨÓiÎQÍ áÈ`«∞Ok. â◊s~åxH˜ =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞¡ KÕã¨∞ÎO>Ë K≥_»¤
JÅ"å@∞¡ "å@O`«@"Õ áÈ`å~Ú.
JÅ"å@¡#∞ =∂iÛ# h~°∞
=∞Ǩ~å[N ѨÓ[hÜ«ÚÅ∞ _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍiH˜ K≥~°∞‰õÄi "≥OHõ„\Ï=Ù #=∞㨯iOz „"åÜ«Ú#k.
„H˜`«O ã¨O=`«û~°O ÃãÃÑìO|~°∞ <≥ÅÖ’ g∞ LѨ<åºã¨O q<Õ ÉèÏQƺO Hõey#k. JѨÊ\˜ #∞Op g∞ LѨ<庙êʼnõΩ Ǩ[~°=Ù`«∂ Z<Àfl H˘`«Î
q+¨Ü«∂Å∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞‰õΩO@∂ Pâ◊Û~åº#O^•Å‰õΩ QÆ∞~°Ü«∂º#∞. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ <Õ#∞ g∞~°∞ K≥Ñ≤Ê# h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xfl „áê~°OaèOKå#∞. HÍ=Ù# h\˜x
㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ fã¨∞H˘#_»O =Å# <å J#∞Éè=í =ÚÅ#∞ `≥Å∞ѨÙK«∞<åfl#∞.
Zxq∞k <≥ÅÅ =ÚO^Œ∞ J#QÍ g∞~°∞ ѨiK«Ü«∞O J=Hõ=ÚO^Œ∞ <å P~ÀQƺO ã¨iÖË^Œ∞. =∞Å|^ŒÌHõO, `«Å<˘Ñ≤Ê, =à◊√§<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞, ѨQÆÅ∞
Jux„^Œ, ~å„`«∞ÅO^Œ∞ x^Œ∞~° Ѩ@Hì õ áÈ=_»O, zH͉õΩ, HÀѨ=Ú, ѨxÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „â◊^ÖúŒ HË áõ È=Ù@ LO_Õk. qˆ~K«#=Ú #O^Œ∞ ~°H=Îõ Ú ‰õÄ_® HõxÑ≤Oz#k.
Jk K«∂ã≤ ÉèÜ í ∞« =Ú Hõey#k. =∂ <å#flQÍiH˜ "≥ÚÅÅ "åºkè LO_»@O`À "åi ÉÏ^èÅŒ #∞ K«∂ã≤# <å‰õΩ =∞iO`« ÉèÜ í ∞« =Ú Hõey#k. W@∞=O\˜
Ѩiã≤÷`«∞ÅÖ’ g∞ LѨ<åºã¨O q#fl `«~°∞"å`« h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O 㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ PK«iOKå#∞. Hõhã¨O 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ∞`«∞<åfl#∞. WÖÏ KÕÜ«∞@O =Å#
<å‰õΩ "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ ÃÑ\˜#ì "å~°OÖ’<Õ =∞Oz =∂~°∞ÊÅ∞ =zÛ#q. =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ qˆ~K«#=Ú ™êѶQ‘ Í J~Ú#k. ~°H=Îõ Ú =∞~°ÖÏ K«∂_»Ö^Ë ∞Œ . =O\˜<˘Ñ¨ÙCÅ∞,
`«Å<˘Ñ¨CÅ∞ `«yæ#q. zH͉õΩ ÖË^Œ∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«=Ú =∞Oz PÖ’K«#Å`À L<åfl#∞. WO\˜Ö’ ‰õÄ_® „ѨâßO`«=ÚQÍ LOk. h\˜^èŒ~°‡O 㨄Hõ=∞OQÍ
PK«iOK«Hõ =ÚO^Œ∞ ~ÀE Hõhã¨O 6 ™ê~°∞¡ \© HÍѶ‘Å∞ fã¨∞H˘<Õ "å_çx. J~Ú<å `«$Ñ≤ÎÖË^Œ∞. WOHÍ fã¨∞HÀ"åÅxÑ≤OKÕk. WO\˜Ö’H˜ "≥à◊§QÍ<Õ
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<å #=∞‡HõO.
áê`« JÅ"å@¡hfl =∂~°_O» =Å# WѨÙ_»∞ `«$Ñ≤QÎ Í L<åfl#∞. K≥_∞» PÖ’K«#ʼnõΩ ã¨fiã≤ΠѨeH˜ =∞Oz =∂~°=æ ÚÖ’ ѨÜ∞« xOK«∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
KåÖÏ=∞OkH˜ <å J#∞Éèí=O K≥|∞`«∞<åfl#∞. "å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® D q^è•<åxfl PK«iOK«_®xH˜ L`åûǨÏO K«∂ѨÙ`«∞<åfl~°∞.
_»|∞ƒ Y~°∞ÛÖˉõΩO_®, ^ä≥~°Ñ‘Å∞ ÖˉõΩO_® U q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# ÉÏ^èŒÖˉõΩO_® K≥_»∞ JÅ"å@¡#∞ =∂~°∞ÛHÀ"åÅO>Ë Wk XHõ¯>Ë =∂~°æO Jx <å
q+¨Ü∞« OÖ’ |∞∞A=Ù J~Ú#k.
K≥~°∞‰õÄi "≥OHõ„\Ï=Ù,
Z.\˜ J„QÆǨ~°O, 11= Öˇ·#∞,
QÆ∞O@∂~°∞.
28) <À\˜Ñ¨Ó`« : <À\˜Ñ¨Ó`« ~å=_®xH˜ >ˇ#¬<£û, =∞Å|^ŒúHõO, a–q@q∞<£û ֒ѨO "≥ÚIIq HÍ~°}ÏÅ∞ K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. h~°∞ Z‰õΩ¯=QÍ „`åy`Õ
<À\˜Ñ¨Ó`«Ö’ =∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞Î#flk. ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ =∂~°∞Ê =ã¨∞Î#fl^À HÍ~°}O `≥eÜ«∞Hõ áÈ~Ú<å =∂„`«O Ѷ¨e`«O HõxÑ≤ã¨∞Î#flk.
<À\˜Ñ¨Ó`«–K«∞O„_»∞ `«QÍæ~Ú
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W^ŒO`å g∞ Ü≥ÚHõ¯ K«Å"Õ!
=∞ÖÏ¡k H˘O_»#fl

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K≥ѨÊ=K«∞Û. nx=Å¡ „¿ÑQÆ∞Å QÀ_»Ö’¡ L#fl lQÆ∞~°∞ á⁄~°Å∞ ^≥|ƒux ѨÙO_»∞¡ `«Ü«∂~°=Ù`å~Ú. D "åºkè xÅ∞= LO>Ë Ñ¨ÙO_»∞¡ WOHÍ
֒Ѩe á⁄~°#∞ ‰õÄ_® u<Õ™êÎ~Ú.
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á⁄~°Å∞ P~ÀQƺOQÍ LO\Ï~Ú. qˆ~K«#=Ú ™êѶ‘QÍ ZѨÊ\˜HõѨC_»∞ "≥à◊§_»O =Å# =∞Å|^ŒúHõ=Ú `˘ÅyáÈ~Ú `ÕeHõQÍ D "åºkè
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<å ¿Ñ~°∞ [QÆ<åfl^~Œè å=Ù. <å =Ü«∞ã¨∞û 50 ã¨O=`«û~åÅ∞. <Õ#∞ Ç≤ÏO^Œ∞™êÎ<£ +≤ÑÜ
π ∂« _£Ö’ _çÑÓ¨ º\˜ "Õ∞<Õ[~üQÍ KÕã∞¨ <Î åfl#∞. <å‰õΩ 25
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π ∂« ~ü,¤ qâßYѨ@flO.
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æ å~Ú.
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KåÖÏ `«fi~°QÍ `«QÆ∞æ`«∞Ok.
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U. ǨÏh+π,
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=Å#, =ÚMÏxH˜ h\˜ Pqi Ѩ@ì_»O =Å# `«fi~°QÍ LѨâ◊=∞#O HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok.
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JÅ"å@∞ KÕã¨∞H˘x „Hõ"Õ∞Ñ‘ ÃÑOK«∞‰õΩO@∂ "≥à◊§O_ç. |Å=O`«OQÍ U Ѩh KÕÜ«∞‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. =∞#∞ã¨∞Ö’ h\˜ÃÑ· =∞Oz Jaè„áêÜ«∞O
Ѩ_`ç Õ W+¨Oì J^Õ =ã¨∞ÎOk. JÖÏ JÅ"å@∞QÍ, "≥∞Å¡QÍ 5 b@~°¡ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O <Õ~°∞ÛHÀO_ç. h\˜`À<Õ KåÖÏ =∞OkH˜ ã¨∞Y qˆ~K«#O
J=Ù`«∞Ok. D ~Ô O_ç\˜ HõÅ~ÚHõ`À =∞#‰õΩ ZO`À =∞Oz JÅ"å@∞¡ =zÛ#@∞¡. h\˜x `„ åˆQ@ѨÙÊ_∞» =KÕÛ z#fl z#fl W|ƒO^Œ∞Å#∞
ѨÙã¨ÎHõOÖ’ „"åã≤#@∞¡QÍ K«kq `«yæOK«∞‰õΩ<Õ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO KÕÜ«∞O_ç. g∞‰õΩ h~°∞ „`åQÆ_»O ÉÏQÍ JÅ"å@∞ JÜÕ∞º=~°‰õÄ U W|ƒOk
JxÑ≤Oz<å Jk =∞# =∞OzˆH [~°∞QÆ∞`«∞#fl^Œx QÆ∞iÎOz =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ "≥à◊§O_ç.
g∞~°∞ WѨÊ\˜H© ZO`À Hõ+¨ìѨ_ç h\˜ ^•fi~å =KÕÛ ÖÏÉèÏxfl á⁄O^Œ_®xH˜ „Ѩܫ∞uflã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞. g∞ ѨÓiÎ P~ÀQͺxH˜ D h\˜ ^èŒ~°‡O
XHõ¯>Ë KåÅ^Œ∞. q∞QÆ`å ^èŒ~å‡Å#∞ ‰õÄ_® `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x PK«iOKÕ „Ѩܫ∞`«flO g∞~°∞ Éèíq+¨º`«∞ÎÖ’ KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤ LO@∞Ok. g∞‰õΩ#fl
W|ƒO^Œ∞Å∞, =∞O^Œ∞Å∞ ѨÓiÎQÍ ÖˉõΩO_® rq`åxfl ã¨∞YOQÍ ™êyOKåÅO>Ë, „ѨHõ$u r=#q^è•#O g∞‰õΩ ZO`À ã¨Ç¨ÏHõiã¨∞ÎO^Œx
=∂„`O« =∞~°∞=HõO_ç.
g∞~°∞ h\˜ ^èŒ~å‡xH˜ `À_»∞QÍ PǨ~° ^èŒ~å‡xfl ‰õÄ_® `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x WO\’¡ PK«iOK«_»O „áê~°Oaè¿ãÎ KåÖÏ ÉÏQÆ∞O@∞Ok. P
~°Ç¨Ï™êºÅxfl g∞‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∂ÅO>Ë <Õ#∞ WO`«‰õΩ ѨÓ~°fiO „"åã≤# q∞QÆ`å ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅ#∞ K«^Œ=<å~°OaèOK«O_ç. `≥eq`À "å\˜x
PK«iOK«O_ç. =∞#O Ñ „ H¨ $õ ux P^è•~°OQÍ KÕã∞¨ H˘x rqOK«_O» WHõ<< ·≥ å `≥Å∞ã¨∞HÀ"åe. =∞#O WO\’¡ `≥eÜ«∞Hõ Ñ „ u¨ ~ÀE Z<Àfl
`«Ñ¨ÙÊÅ∞ KÕã¨∂Î P~ÀQͺxfl áê_»∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl=Ú. =∞#O r=# q^è•<åxfl =∂~°∞Û‰õΩO>Ë `«Ñ¨Ê P Ö’áêÅ∞ ã¨iHÍ=Ù. =∞i WHõ g∞
JO^Œ~°∂ JÖÏ g∞ r=# q^è•<åÅ#∞ g∞ WO\’¡ =∂~°∞ÛH˘x, =∞Oz JÅ"å@¡`À, =∞Oz xÜ«∞=∂Å`À g∞ ‰õΩ@∞O|O JO`å ã¨∞Y
ã¨O`ÀëêÅ`À rq™êÎ~x ° =∞#™ê~å HÀ~°∞‰õΩO@∞<åfl#∞. =∞# Ñ „ ܨ ∞« `«flO`Àáê@∞ ã¨`Qü ∞Æ ~°∞=ÙÅ Pjã¨∞Åû ∞ ‰õÄ_® `À_»∞O>Ë, U P@OHÍÅ∞
ÖˉõΩO_®, ^è≥·~°ºOQÍ =ÚO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êyáÈQÆÅO. JÖÏO\˜ =∞Oz Pjã¨∞ûÅ∞, n"≥#Å∞ g∞ JO^Œ~°‰õÄ `À_»∞QÍ xÅ"åÅx
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ѨÓ~°fiHõOQÍ „áêi÷ã¨∂Î,

// Ö’HÍã¨û=∞™êÎ ã¨∞ûd<À Éèí=O`«∞ //

#=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ`À,
=∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA
 _®II =∞O`≥# ã¨`«º<å~åÜ«∞}~åA QÍ~°∞
~°zOz# P~ÀQƺ QÆ„O^äŒ=ÚÅ∞
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ „âı}˜)
1. ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 35/– ~°∂.
2. PǨ~°O–PÖ’K«# – 65/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 2)
3. LѨ"å㨠^èŒ~°‡O – 150/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 3)
4. P~ÀQƺ"Õ∞ P#O^ŒO – 50/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 4)
5. „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∞O–ã¨∞Yr=#Ü«∂#O – 40/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 5)
6. Pã¨<åÅ∞–P~ÀQͺxH˜ âßã¨<åÅ∞ – 60/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 6)
7. =∞Åâ◊√kú–P~ÀQƺã≤kú – 50/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 7)
8. h~°∞–g∞~°∞ – 50/– ~°∂.
(ã¨∞Yr=# ™Èáê<åÅ∞ – 8)
Ñ
à =· hfl Ñ„ H¨ $õ ur=<åaèÖÏ+¨µÅ‰õΩ, P~ÀQͺaè=∂#∞ÅO^ŒiH© J`«ºO`« P=â◊ºHõ=ÚÖˇ# · Q„ OÆ ^ä=
Œ ÚÅ∞. Ñ
„ u
¨ WO\Ï
'P~ÀQƺ=∞<Õ=∞ǨÉèÏQƺ=Ú— "≥e¡qiÜ«∞_®xH˜ =Åã≤# PK«~°} nÑ≤HõÅ∞. WqQÍHõ PO„^èŒ^Õâ◊=ÚÖ’ „Ѩu=ºH˜Î „ѨHõ$uH˜ q∞„`«∞_≥·,
ѨiѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQͺxH˜ J~°∞›_·≥ =iÎOKåÅ<Õ ÉèÏ=#`À D Ѩq`„ « r=#™ê~åxfl ã¨OH˜Ñ ∆ OÎ̈ QÍ 'ѨiѨÓ~°‚P~ÀQͺxH˜ „ѨHõ$u r=# q^è•#=Ú—
J#∞ Ñ ¿ ~° Hˆ =ÅO 1/– ~°∂. Ys^Œ∞`À XHõ ѨÙãÎ̈HÍxfl Ñ
„ K
¨ ∞« iOzÜ«Ú<åfl=Ú.
ÃÑ· ѨÙãÎ̈Hõ=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=Åã≤#"å~°∞ `«=∞ z~°∞<å=∂ `≥Å∞ѨÙ`«∂ L`«Î~°=Ú ~å¿ãÎ "åiH˜ V.P.P. ^•fi~å ѨOѨÙ`å=Ú.
áÈã¨∞ì=∂<£H˜ _»|∞ƒ K≥e¡Oz ѨÙã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ∞ á⁄O^Œ=Öˇ#∞.