B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2009. Seventh Semester Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 431 — ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION e@ ‘Time : Three hours ‘Maximum : 100 marks 10, Answer ALL the questions. PART A — (10 x2 = 20 marks) Differentiate Radian from Steradian. Write the boundary expressions for antenna field zones. State the advantages and applications of radiation pattern multiplication principle. What is the null to null beam width of a BSA, when the array length is 102 and no, of elements is 20? For a 20 turn helical antenna operating at 4 GHz, with circumference c= 15 cm and the spacing between the turns 0.3, calculate the directivity and half-power beam width. Mention the types of loop antennas. State the limitations. What is Double V antenna? Draw its structure. What is offset feed reflector antenna? List the merits. Define “Skip Zone”. A VHF communication is to be established with 20 W transmitter at 100 MHz. Find the distance up to which LOS communication may be possible if the height of the transmitting and receiving antennas are 40, 20 meters respectively.. 12, 13. 14. (a) (b) (@) (b) (@) (b) @ @ Gi) @ Gi) @ Gi) @ Gi) @ w @ Gi) @ Gi) PART B — (5 x 16 = 80 marks) Define and explain all the parameters of an antenna. (8) Explain the antenna field zones with a neat diagram. (8) Or Explain the evolvement of half wave dipole and quarter wave monopole antennas from transmission lines with neat sketches. (8) Derive Friis transmission formula. Explain the significance of this formula. @ Explain in detail the principle of radiation pattern multiplication with a neat diagram. (8) Explain the concept of BSA and EFA with neat sketches. Differentiate BSA from EFA. 8) Or Derive an expression for array factor. 8) Show that the 3 dB beam width of EFA pattern is greater than the 3 dB beam width of BSA. @) Derive the radiation resistance for half wave dipole antenna. (8) Explain the potential applications of Loop antenna. @) Or Obtain the directivity of quarter wave monopole antenna. (8) Write a technical note on “Helical Antenna”. (8) Explain the principle of offset feed parabolic reflector with a neat diagram. (8) ‘The aperture dimensions of a pyramidal horn are 9.5 x 7.5 em. It is operating at a frequency of 9 GHz. Find the beam width, power gain and directivity. @) Or 2 H 216815, () () Gi) @ Ga) @ (i) Explain the feeding methods of rectangular patch antenna with neat diagrams. (8) Draw a neat block diagram for antenna impedance measurement using SWR method. Explain the procedure in detail. (8) ‘Tabulate and explain the differences among the factors, involved in ‘the propagation of radio waves. @ Explain the following in detail co) (1) Duct propagation ; (2) Faraday rotation (3) LOS propagation. Or Derive the characteristic equations of Ionosphere. At a 300 km height in the ionosphere the electron density at night is about 3 x 102 m and the signal MUF is f = 2f~ for a transmission distance of 700 km. Determine the following : f..,£,, 8.11+Vy»Vg>9 ) Explain the effect of fading in radio wave propagation. (8) 3 H 2168