SULIT

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK 4551/2

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010
Biologi
Kertas 2

SKEMA JAWAPAN
PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN
SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010

BIOLOGI
Kertas 2

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

UNTUK KEGUNAAN PEMERIKSA SAHAJA

Peraturan Pemarkahan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak

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Question 1
Question Criteria Marks
Num Sub Total
1(a) ( i ) Able to name structures P,Q and R 3

Answer
P : Golgi Apparatus 1
Q: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 1
R : Mitochondria 1

1(a) ( ii ) Able to state the function of R 1

Sample answer

R : site for cellular respiration // to generate / produce energy 1

1 (b ) Able to explain how P and Q play the role in transporting extracellular 4

enzyme

Sample answer

P1 : The nucleus / RNA instructs ribosomes to synthesized

protein 1
P2 : The synthesized protein is transported in the Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q 1
P3 : to the transport vesicles 1
P4 : then the Golgi Apparatus / P packages / modifies /
sorts / transports the synthesized proteins 1
P5 : to the secretory vesicles to be transported 1
P6 : out of the cell through the plasma membrane 1
Any four

1( c ) Able to explain the importance of the occurrence of the stage to the 4

organism

Sample answer

P1 :The stage is Prophase 1 1

P2 : ( During the stage ) Crossing over (occurs between the 1
pair of homologous chromosomes)
P3 : (resulting the) gametes (formed to) 1
P4 : (have) different (content of) genetic materials 1
P5 : (thus will cause) variation (in organism) 1
P5 : (for) better adaptation (in the environment) 1
P6 : (greater chance of) survival (of the species) 1
Any 4
Total 12

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Question 2
No Criteria Marks
2(a) Able to state two types of muscles that involved in the movement of an 2
earthworm.
Answer
1. Circular muscles 1
2. Longitudinal muscles 1
2(b) Able to explain the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles action 3
that allow the earthworm to move forward.
Sample answer
P1: Circular muscles and longitudinal muscles / both muscles act 1
antagonistically // A pair of antagonistic muscles
P2: The contraction of circular muscles // relaxation of 1
longitudinal muscles
P3: Cause the segments (of the earthworm) to extend / be longer 1
P4: The contraction of longitudinal muscles // the 1
relaxation of circular muscles
P5: Cause the segments (of the earthworm) to shorten /shorter 1
Any 3
2(c) (i) Able to label the pectoralis major muscles. 1
Answer

Pectoralis Major Muscles 1

2(c) (ii) Able to state one organelle that can be found abundantly in 1
muscle cells.
Answer
Mitochondrion / mitochondria 1
2(c) (iii) Able to explain why muscle cells has abundant number of 2
mitochondrion
Sample answer
P1: to produce (a lot of) energy (in a form of ATP) / ATP 1
P2: for the contraction (and relaxation) of the muscle 1
2(d) Able to explain why the bones of a female bird which lay eggs are 3
more brittle as its age increases
Sample answer
F1 : (Bird’s) bones mass decreases 1
E1 : as the bones are more porous / lighter 1
E2 : (since it had) lay many eggs 1
E3 : much calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used in forming the 1
shells of the eggs
E4 : leaving less / little calcium / phosphorus / phosphates used to form 1
(strong) bones // more bone minerals to be lost than deposited //
re-absorption of calcium / phosphorus / phosphates into the blood
stream is more than the withdrawing of calcium (during the
formation of bones)
Any 3
TOTAL 12

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Question 3
No Criteria Marks
3 (a) Able to name the cell type that matches its respiration equation 2

Answer:
Muscle cells 1
Yeast cells 1
3(b)(i) Able to state the types of respiration: 2
Answer:
Muscle cells : Aerobic respiration 1
Yeast cells: Anaerobic respiration 1
3(b)( ii) Able to state 4 differences in the type of respiration 4
Sample answers:
Muscle cells Yeast cells
Need the presence of Oxygen absent
oxygen
Complete oxidation of Incomplete oxidation of 1
glucose glucose
Occurs in mitochondrion Occurs in cytoplasm 1
More /2898 KJ energy Lesser / 210 KJ energy
produced produced 1
Carbon dioxide + Water + Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + 1
2898 KJ Energy 210 KJ Energy 1
Any 4

3(c) Able to explain what happen to the yeast cells when too much 2
ethanol is produced

Sample answer
P1 : (Too much ethanol ) causes unsuitable medium / condition 1
// Toxic / poisonous medium / condition
P2 : for yeast cells to reproduced // yeast cells die 1

3(d) Able to explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter 2
race in 12 seconds

Sample answer
F : the person is panting / higher breathing rate
E1 : as he is in oxygen debt // anaerobic respiration 1
E2 : much lactic acid is produced (in his muscle cells) 1
E3 : causes muscle cramp 1
Any two 1

TOTAL 12

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Question 4
No Criteria Marks
Sub Total
4a(i) Able to name the type of response 3
Answer
Tropism / phototropism 1

Able to describe the response

Sample answer
P1 : the plant shoot grows / bends 1
P2 : towards light 1
4 b(i) Able to explain why the plumule grows towards direction X 6
Sample answer
E1 : auxin stimulates / promotes cell elongation at the shoot ( tip ) 1
E2 : more auxin is distributed at the darker / lower side of the 1
shoot (tip comparing to the bright / upper side)
E3 : (so at the darker / lower side) the rate of cell elongation is higher 1
(than the bright / upper side)
E4 : the shoot ( tip ) grows / bends towards light /away from gravity. 1

4 b ( ii ) Able to explain why the radicle grows towards direction Y.

Sample answer
E5 : (High concentration of) auxin inhibits cell elongation at radicle / 1
root ( tip ) 1
E6 : more auxin is distributed at the lower / darker side of the root ( tip
comparing to the upper / brighter side) 1
E7 : so at the lower / darker side of the root ( tip ) the rate of cell
elongation is slower (than the brighter / upper side) 1
E8 : so the root grows / bends downward toward gravity / away from
light
Any 6
4(c) Able to state one difference in the role of auxin in shoot tip compared to 1
root tip.
Sample answer 1
P1 : At shoot ( tip, high concentration of ) auxin stimulates cell
elongation) but at root ( tip ) auxin inhibits cell elongation
4(d) Able to explain one importance of the response to the plant 2

Sample answer
F1 : Positive Phototropism // Negative Geotropism 1
E1 : enables the plant to receive maximum amount of sunlight 1
for photosynthesis // any suitable explanation
OR
F1 : Negative Phototropism // Positive Geotropism 1
E1 : enables the root ( hair ) to absorb nutrients / mineral salts from the 1
soil // any suitable explanation
TOTAL 12

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Question 5
No Criteria Marks
5(a) Able to state the genotype of the black colour wing and the 2
genotype of the pale and speckled wing
Answer
Genotype of black colour wing : BB / Bb 1
Genotype of pale and speckled wing : bb 1

(b) Able to state the dominant trait and give an explanation 2

Sample answer
Dominant trait : Black colour wing 1
Explanation :
E1 : More number of moth are black colour // There are three black
colour moth and only one pale and speckled wing // 75 % of the 1
moth have black colour wing while 25% of the moth have pale and
speckled wing // The presence of dominant gene / B.

(c) Able to explain how the offspring inherits the pale and speckled wing 3
Sample answer
P1 : Both parents are heterozygous / have genotype Bb 1
P2 : during meiosis 1
P3 : the (male) gamete receive allele B or b // the (female) gamete 1
receive allele B or b
P4 : during fertilization 1
P5 : the male gamete with allele b fused with female gamete with 1
allele b (so the offspring has genotype bb // pale and speckled wing)
Any 3
(d) Able to state one importance of the difference in wing colour to the moth 1
Sample answer
P1 : to have varieties in colour of the moth // variation 1
P2 : better adaptation to the environment // camouflage 1
P3 : better survival of the spesies // Any suitable explanation 1
Any 1
(e) (i) Able to name the process that causes the occurrence 1

Answer 1
Mutation / Deletion / Chromosomal mutation
(e) (ii) Able to explain how the mutagen causes the occurrence 3

Sample answer
F1 : Mutagen is radioactive radiation / X-ray / formaldehyde / carcinogens 1
/ monosodium glutamate // Any suitable example
E1 : The mutagen has high penetrating power // high radiation // mutagen 1
able to reach the DNA in the cells / nucleus / chromosomes
E2 : causing (drastic) change to the structure of the chromosome 1
E3 : resulting section P to be deleted // gene P to be missing 1
Any 3
TOTAL 12

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Question 6
No Criteria Marks
6(a) Able to explain how glucose is transported across the cell through 4
X.
Sample Answer:

F: By facilitated diffusion 1
E1: with the aid of carrier protein / X 1
E2: when the concentration of glucose at the outside cell is higher 1
(than inside cell)
E3: glucose binds with (the active site of) the carrier protein / X 1
E4 : Carrier protein / X changes shape 1
E5: allowing glucose to move into the cell 1
E6 : Carrier protein resumes / change to its original shape 1
E7 : no energy is needed for the transport process 1
Any 4
6 ( b ) Able to explain the absorption and assimilation of digested food. 10
Sample Answers:
F1 : ileum has (the adaptive features such as having) many villi /
villus / very thin cell wall / villus are surrounded by dense 1
network of blood capillary / lacteal
E1 : to increase the rate of diffusion of the digested food 1
E2 : glucose diffused from villi into the blood capillary to the liver
via the hepatic portal vein 1
E3 : excess glucose is converted to glycogen (to be kept in the 1
liver)
E4 : glycogen acts as stored food 1
E5 : In body tissue,glucose is oxidized during cellular respiration 1
to produced energy
E6 : amino acids from villi diffuse into blood capillary to the liver 1
via the hepatic portal vein
E7 : excess amino acids is deaminated / converted into urea (to
be excreted through the kidney) 1
E8 : amino acid will be used to synthesis new protoplasm / repair 1
of damaged tissues// used to synthesis proteins of plasma
membrane//produce enzymes/antibodies/hormones 1
E9 : fatty acids diffuse from villi into lacteal 1
E10: then transported to the thoracic duct /right lymphatic vessel// 1
lymphatic vessel
E11: to the subclavian veins back to the blood circulatory system 1
E12: fatty acids is synthesized to form the plasma membrane 1
E13 : stored in the adipose tissues (beneath the skin as a 1
source of energy)
Any 10

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6(c) Able to explain how the treatment can help a person to reduce 6
body mass
Answer:
P1: Small intestine is the site / organ where digestion / 1
absorption of (digested) food occur
P2 : Slower rate of hydrolysing of food (to simplest food) 1
P3 : ileum / small intestine (has intestinal gland to) produce 1
(intestinal juice containing digestive enzymes
P4 : shorter ileum has lesser villi / lower surface area 1
P5 : so the rate of diffusion of digested food is slower 1
P6: less digested food is absorbed into blood capillary from the 1
villus
P7: the body tissue received less glucose (to undergo cellular 1
respiration)
P8: lack of glucose will cause the adipose tissues / stored fats to 1
be oxidized/used to produce energy
P9: reducing the amount of fats stored // increasing the amount of 1
fats used
P10: thus reducing the body mass 1
Any 6
TOTAL 20

Question 7
No Criteria Marks

7(a) Able to explain the how W is formed 4

Sample answer
F : When there is cut in the blood vessels 1
E1: (a group of) platelets clump / stick together 1
E2 : to release trombokinase / thromboplastin 1
E3 : ( thrombokinase / thromboplastin ) converts prothrombin to 1
trombin
E4 : ( thrombin ) converts fibrinogen to fibrins / structure W 1
( fibrins/ W traps erythrocytes / red blood cells )
E5 : then forms scab ( scab dried) / wound is healed 1
Any 4

7( b ) ( i) Able to explain the composition of fluid in P and Q 6

Sample answer
F1: Fluid P is red in colour, fluid Q is colourless 1
E1: because fluid P has haemoglobin, fluid Q does not have 1
haemoglobin
F2: Fluid P contain red blood cell, fluid Q has no red blood cell 1
E2: because the red blood cells are too large to diffuse / move 1
out of the blood capillary ( to form interstitial fluid )
F3: Fluid P contain blood cells and blood plasma, fluid Q only 1
contain blood plasma without protein plasma
E3: because the protein plasma are too large to diffused out of 1

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the blood capillary

F4 : Fluid Q contain more lymphocytes , Fluid P contain less 1
lymphocyes
E4 : because as fluid Q flows through the lymphatic nodes , 1
lymphocyes are produced.
Any 3 pairs of F and E.

7( b )( ii ) Able to explain how fluid in Q is formed 5

Sample answer
F : The blood / the blood capillaries has very high hydrostatic 1
pressure
E1: forcing the blood plasma without the plasma proteins / 1
erythrocytes / platelets
E2: to diffused out into the spaces between the tissues 1
E3: to form intestitial fluid 1
E4: (90% of the intestitial fluid diffused back into the blood 1
capillary but) 10%/small quantity of the fluid diffused
E5: into the lymphatic capillaries ( the vessels with blunt end) 1
E6: forming lymph/lymphatic fluid / fluid Q 1
E7: consisting of blood plasma without protein plasma / 1
contains glucose,water, amino acids, minerals, vitamins )
Any 5
7(c) Able to explain the importance of the lymphatic system 5

F1: maintaining the composition of blood 1

E1: the 10%/ small quantity of the interstitial/body fluid / blood 1
plasma without the protein plasma diffused back (from the
lymphatic system) into the blood circulatory system (
diffused into the right and left subclavian veins from the
right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct )

F2: Acts as a body defence 1

E2: the lymphocytes which are produced in the lymphatic 1
nodes
E3: produced antibody 1
E4: spleen produces phagocytes 1
E5: to kill pathogens 1
E6- and filters pathogen 1
Any 5

TOTAL 20

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Question 8
No Criteria Marks
8(a) Able to describe how double fertilization occurs in a plant. 10

Sample answers:

P1: Anther produces pollen grains / male gamete 1

P2: Pollen mother cell (in the anther) undergoes meiosis to produce 1
(four) megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad
P3: Megaspores (n) / haploid cells / tetrad develop into pollen grains 1
P4: The nucleus of each megaspore (n) / haploid cell / divides by 1
mitosis
P5: to form one tube nucleus and one generative nucleus 1
P6: (When a pollen grain falls on the stigma,) the 1
secretion of sucrose solution on the stigma
P7: stimulates (the pollen grain to germinate to) form pollen tube 1
P8: (During the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus 1
divides mitotically
P9: to produce two male gametes. 1
P10: the two male gametes move/follow behind the tube nucleus (down 1
the pollen tube until they) reach the micropyle and enter ovule (for
double fertilization)
P11: the tube nucleus disintegrates and the two male gametes enter the 1
embryo sac.
P12: (During double fertilisation) one male gamete fuses with the 1
egg cell/ovum to form a diploid zygote and
P13: the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a 1
triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occurs )
Any 10

8(b) Able to describe the advantages of birth control methods in family

Sample answers:

Contraceptive pill
P1: contains oestrogen / progesterone hormone 1
P2: (oestrogen / progesterone hormone) can prevent the 1
formation of follicles in the ovary
P3: prevents ovulation // inhibits the secretion of Follicle 1
Stimulating Hormone / FSH / Luteinising Hormone / LH
P4: no fertilization occur // the woman is not pregnant 1
P5 : efficient / safe method (of birth control) 1

Intrauterine device
P6: (Intrauterine) device is inserted into the uterus (by doctors). 1
P7: left in the uterus (for approximately two, three and five years) 1
P8: irritates the endometrium / prevents the thickening of the uterine 1
wall

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P9: Prevent the implantation of embryo 1

P10: No development of zygote / no pregnancy 1
P11 : efficient/safe method (of birth control) 1

Vasectomy
P12: the vas deferens are tied / cut in a surgical operation 1
P13: the sperms are still produced but cannot be transferred out / 1
reach the uterus / Fallopian tube
P14: no fertilization 1
P15 : efficient/safe method (of birth control) 1
(P5, P11 and P15, mark awarded once only)
Any 10

Total 20

Question 9
No Criteria Marks
9(a) Able to explain the importance of maintaining the biodiversity in the pond 10
ecosystem.

Sample answer :

F1: as a source of food 1

E1: fish / any suitable example has a high protein content / any suitable 1
food class content
F2 : as a source of oxygen supply 1
E2: the green plants undergo photosynthesis ( during photosynthesis 1
oxygen is produced )
F3 : as a source of carbon dioxide supply 1
E4 : the organism undergo respiration (during respiration carbon dioxide is 1
produced )
E5 : a balanced carbon cycle 1
F4 : as a source of clean water supply 1
E6 : the dead organism are decomposed by the bacteria/fungi 1
F5 : interaction between plants and animals 1
E7 : the consumers depend on the producer for food 1
E8 : in the food chain / food web 1
E9 : energy flow from one tropic level to another tropic level 1
F6 : as a habitat for plant /animals /any suitable example 1
E10 : the suitable conditions allow the organism to breed / increase the 1
population / varieties
E11: resulting in biodiversity 1
E12 : a balanced ecosystem 1

Any 10

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9(b) Able to discuss how the activities endanger the ecosystem 10

Sample Answer:

F1: ( CFC ) causes depletion of ozone layer 1

E1: Penetration of excess/more UV rays 1
E2: Skin cancer/melanoma/sunburns/cataract // Any suitable example 1
E3: Reduces body immune system 1
E4: Leaf cells and chlorophyll are easily damaged // Lower rate of 1
photosynthesis
E5: Kill microorganisms / phytoplankton 1
E6 : Disruption/destruction of food chain/web 1
E7 : Climatic changes // Any suitable example 1
E8 : Surrounding temperature increases 1

F2: ( Combustion of fossil fuel ) causes acid rain // air pollution 1

E7: Factories release a large amount of nitrogen 1
oxide/nitrogen dioxide/sulphur dioxide/carbon monoxides / dust in the
atmosphere.
E8: Acid rain – soil become acidic (so less suitable for 1
the cultivation of certain crops) // lower yield
E9: Disruption of food chain / food web 1
E10: Photosynthetic tissues are destroyed// Roots damaged and cannot 1
absorb minerals/water//lower rate of photosynthesis
E11: Metal railings / bridges corrode/ any suitable example 1
E12: Health problem: asthma/bronchitis/ and suitable respiratory problem 1
E13: Skin and eye irritation / conjunctivitis 1
Any 10

TOTAL 20

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