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Aim:
To measure power in a single phase AC circuit using wattmeter by RLC
loading.
APPARTUS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
Power in an electric circuit can be measured using a wattmeter. A
wattmeter consists of two coils, namely current coil and pressure coil or potential
coil. The current coil is marked as ML and pressure coil is marked as CV. The
current coil measure the quantity that is proportional to the current in the circuit
the pressure coil measures quantity that is proportional to the voltage in the
circuit. The given wattmeter is loaded by direct loading. The ammeter is
connected in series to the wattmeter. Since the same current flows in both the
coils, the current and voltage across the circuit are constant. The power
consumed by the load is measured using the wattmeter and calculated using the
relation given below.
N NL
Autotransformer
230V/(0-270)V
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Initially no load is applied.
3. Autotransformer is set to minimum voltage position before switching on
the power supply.
4. Set the rated voltage by using the autotransformer. Measure and record the
values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter on no load condition. Also
carefully note the multiplication factor of the wattmeter that is mentioned in
the wattmeter itself.
5. Apply the load by adjusting RLC load.
6. Measure and record the values of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
7. Repeat the steps 5 and 6 until the ammeter reading reaches 10A.
8. After taking all the readings, reduce the load slowly to the minimum and
bring the voltage to minimum in the autotransformer. Switch off the power
supply.
9. Calculated the Indicated power by the given formula.
10. Calculate the power factor by the given formula.
MODEL CALCULATION:
Result
A single – phase wattmeter is used to measure power in AC circuit using
RLC loading.
Expt.No: Date:
Aim:
To Construct House wiring using Energy Meter
METERIALS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
Conductors, switches and other accessories should be of proper
capable of carrying the maximum current which will flow through them. The
following table shows the rating for different accessories. Conductors should be
of copper or aluminium. In power circuit, wiring should be designed for the load
which it is supposed to carry. Power sub circuits should be kept separate from
lighting and fan sub – circuits. Wiring should be done on the distribution system
with main and branch distribution boards at convenient centers. Wiring should
neat, with good appearance.
Wires should pass through a pipe or box, and should not twist or cross.
The conductor is carried in a rigid steel conduit conforming to standards or
in a porcelain tube.
ENERGY METER
DPIC
S1 S2 L2 L1
P
Switch Board
1 φ 230V
AC Supply
50Hz
N
DPIC – Double Pole Iron – Clad Switch
Result:
Thus the wiring for the bulb and ceiling rose was prepared and
tested.
Expt.No: Date:
Aim:
To control the status of the given lamp by using two – way switches
METERIALS REQUIRED:
7 Round block - 1 No
TOOLS REQUIRED:
1 Combination Plier 1 No
3 Screw driver 1 No
4 Electrician knife 1 No
Lamp 60W,
230V
230V, 50Hz
AC Supply
1 1’
P 2 2’
3 3’
SPDT - 1 SPDT - 2
PRECAUTIONS:
While giving the connections be careful
Handle the lame safely
Be careful while handling the tools.
1 12 1’2’ OFF / ON
2 12 2’3’ OFF / ON
3 23 1’2’ OFF / ON
4 23 2’3’ OFF / ON
POSITION TABLE:
Expt..No: Date:
Aim:
To make and check the fluorescent lamp wiring
METERIALS REQUIRED:
4 Starter 1 No
As per
5 wires 1/18”
requirement
TOOLS REQUIRED:
1 Combination Plier 1 No
3 Screw driver 1 No
4 Electrician knife 1 No
Starte
r
40W
Filament Fluorescent lamp Filament
P N
1φ, 230 V ,
50Hz AC
Supply
Tube light has filament on either side. They are coated with tungsten
material. The inside of the tube has phosphorous coating which is used to
convert ultraviolet into visible light and to give the required color sensation. A
choke is used to give transient high voltage so as to initiate the electron
movement which is an iron starter capacitor is used to suppress radio-
interference with the switch closed. The current flows through the choke and the
starter. The glow switch suddenly breaks thereby creating the circuit. Due to high
conductivity, inductive property of the choke, a transient high voltage is available
across the filament. Hence the electrons are emitted and travel through the tube.
Then tube light is produced.
PROCEDURE:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram as shown in figure.
2. Fix the tube holder and the choke in the tube.
3. The phase wire is connected to the choke and neutral directly to the
tube
4. Connect the starter in series with the tube.
PRECAUTIONS:
While giving the connection be careful.
Handle the lamp safely.
Be careful while handling the tools.
All the connections should be right and tight.
Result:
Aim:
To measure the energy in a single in a phase phase circuit using direct
loading
APPARTUS REQUIRED:
THEORY:
The energy meter is an integrated type of instrument, where speed of
rotation of the aluminum to the power consumed and number of revolutions per
minute is proportional to the energy consumed by the load.
The ratings associated with the energy meter are.
Voltage rating
Current rating
Frequency rating
Meter Constant
Fuse (0-10A) L
A MI S1
∼
L1 M
P
V
C
D
1φ (0-300V) S2 L2
230V
P
∼MI
V Resistive load
Ac Supply S 5 KW
50Hz
T
S
N
NL
1φ
Autotransformer
(0-270V)
FORMULAE:
Energy meter specification = 750 rev / kWh
True energy = Power (P) x time (s)
= P x t (ws)
= P x t / 3600 x 1000 kWh
Measured energy = n / 750 kWh
Where n - number of revolutions / sec
`
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Supply is given to the switch by closing the DFST switch.
3. By adjusting the voltage is brought to the rated voltage.
4. Load is switched On
5. Time taken for five revolutions in the energy meter is noted and the
corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading are noted.
6. The above procedure is repeated for different load current and for fixed
number of revolutions.
7. Then the load is gradually released and supply is switched OFF.
MODEL CALCULATIONS: