EXPREIMENT # 02

OBJECT:
To study the working mechanism of draw frame.

APPARATUS:
DRAW FRAME.

THEORY:
OBJECTIVES OF DRAW FRAME:
^ Drafting.
^ Equalizing cross sectional volume of sliver.
^ Parallelizing the fibre.
^ Blending.
^ Dust removal.

DRAFTING:
Drafting is a mass reduction process. It is defined as,

³The reduction of weight per yard of sliver and increase in length is called drafting.´

OR

³Attenuation of sliver without breaking is called draft.´

MATHEMATICALLY:
TOTAL DRAFT ő BREAK DRAFT × MAIN DRAFT

Where,


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  is the draft between second and third rollers.



  


  is the draft between second and front rollers.     
  

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TYPES OF DRAFT:
1. ACTUAL DRAFT:
It is the ratio between material feed and material delivered.

MATHEMATICALLY:

Actual draft ő Length/Count delivered Length/Count fed

2. MECHANICAL DRAFT:
It is the ratio between the surface speed of delivery rollers and surface speed of feed
rollers.

MATHEMATICALLY:

Mechanical draft ő Surface speed of delivery roller Surface speed of feed roller

DRAFT SETTING:
Draft can be set in the draw frame by changing the surface speed of feed
roller and delivery roller and this is done by an arrangement of gears and lever.
The upper gear is named ³Q´ while the lower gear is named ³G´. The number of
teeth of the two gears is changeable.

DRAW FRAME:


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PARTS OF DRAW FRAME:
1. ROLLER ARRANGEMENT:
This arrangement contains two types of rollers i.e. upper roller and lower roller.
UPPER ROLLER:
These rollers have a coated surface. The coating may be of rubber or any
synthetic material.
LOWER ROLLER:
They are steel rollers having a fluted surface. The fluted surface may be of axial,
spiral or knurled.

 AXIAL ROLLER: In this type of roller, the lines on the roller are parallel to
the axis of roller.

SPIRAL ROLLER: In this type of roller, the lines are at an angle to the axis of
roller.

KNURLED ROLLER: In this type of roller, the lines are at an angle to the axis of
roller and are arranged in a manner forming a knurled surface.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:
1. Clamping force.
2. Difference of speed between feed roller and delivery roller.

FUNCTION:
1. Drafting.
2. Parallelization of fibre.
3. Equalization of cross-sectional volume of sliver.
4. Blending.
5. Removal of dust.

2. PRESSURE BAR:
It is a bar attached to the spring system.

 FUNCTION:
To maintain the required tension in the slivers.

3. WEB COLLECTING DEVICE:

It is a device used to collect the web coming out of the roller arrangement.

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 FUNCTION:
To collect the web.
4. TRUMPET:
It is a funnel shaped device.
FUNCTION:
To convert the web into sliver.
5. CALENDERING ROLLER:
They are metallic roller having a large weight. The space between the two rollers
is less than the diameter of the cross-section of the sliver.
FUNCTION:
To calendar the sliver.
6. COILER AND CANE:
This arrangement contains a rotating disc with an outlet for sliver and a cane to
store the sliver in it.
FUNCTION:
To coil the sliver.

FLOW OF DRAW FRAME:

First of all, slivers from different cane are fed horizontally to the draw frame. The number of
sliver may vary but it can¶t be less than four. There is an optical device between the canes and
the draw frame, whenever a sliver breaks between canes and draw frame, it send message to the
machine and the machine stops. Now the fed slivers are draft in the roller arrangement. Due to
drafting parallelization of fibre takes place. The slivers are draft on the basis of the number of
slivers being fed to the system i.e. if four slivers are fed to the system then the total draft must be
equal to four. Due to drafting the tension in the sliver decreases. In order to maintain the required
tension in the sliver a pressure bar is used. The output of roller arrangement is a thick sheet of
fibre. This sheet is collected by a device called web collecting device and it is then transferred to
the trumpet where it is converted into a basic sliver form. Now the sliver is passed through
calendaring roller in order to stabilize it. The stable sliver is then coiled in the cane with the help
of a coiler. 

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