Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Title: Oct 411:21 AM (1 of 22)
What do you use water for?
Title: Oct 41:55 PM (2 of 22)
Sometimes we use water in unexpected ways...
Title: Oct 41:55 PM (3 of 22)
Track you water usage:
Keep a record of thoe water used in your household over a four day
period (this period must include at least one weekend day). Record
you data in a table. Ask every member in your household to
cooperate and help you so that your data is accurate.
Sample Table:
Uses Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Title: Oct 41:59 PM (4 of 22)
Things to think about:
-- How will you measure the amount of water used?
-- How will you get your family to help? How can you
make it easier for them to record data, too?
-- Are there other ways to keep track of water
usage?
Title: Oct 42:05 PM (5 of 22)
How do you distinguish water from other matter?
Imagine that you are traveling in another country and
you NEED water! You are talking to someone who
speaks English, but doesn't seem to know the word
water? How would describe water to them?
Title: Oct 42:07 PM (6 of 22)
We inadvertently classify and put things in groups all the time. Early
scientists tried hard to categorize and group matter. Play the role of an
early scientist as you travel to the various stations in the room write
the identity of the matter, then list several descriptive characteristics of
it.
Station 1:
Rubber band
Copper wire
Wood
Title: Oct 1110:00 AM (7 of 22)
Station 2:
Vegetable oil
Vinegar
Air
Title: Oct 1110:05 AM (8 of 22)
Station 3:
Sulfur
Charcoal
Sugar
Title: Oct 1110:06 AM (9 of 22)
Station 4:
Zinc
Lead
Silicon
Title: Oct 1110:07 AM (10 of 22)
Some physical properties:
viscosity
hardness
luster
state/boiling & melting point
malleability
color
density
conductivity
Title: Oct 1110:10 AM (11 of 22)
Analyzing water use data:
Use the worksheet given to analyze your water use data.
Title: Oct 143:41 PM (12 of 22)
Observe the following changes:
Water melting
A candle burning
Tearing paper
Cutting an apple
Mixing salt in water
Mixing baking soda and vinegar
Title: Oct 1110:12 AM (13 of 22)
Some of the changes change the identity of the substance and in some,
the substance remains the same after the change. From what we just
observed, what changes don't actually change the identity of the
substance?
Water melting
A candle burning
Tearing paper
Cutting an apple
Mixing salt in water
Mixing baking soda and vinegar
Title: Oct 137:56 AM (14 of 22)
Changes that don't actually change the identity of a
substance are called physical changes.
Changes that do change the identity of a substance are
called chemical changes. The substance has been
chemically changed.
Previously we developed a list of physical properties.
Chemical properties are those that can only be
observed when or after a chemical is occuring or has
occured.
**In order to observe a chemical property the substance
has to actually change its identity.
Some chemical properties include:
Flammability, reactivity...(for our purposes, these are all
you will need to know).
Title: Oct 144:14 PM (15 of 22)
Observe the following chemical changes. From what you observe, can
you put together a list of clues that a chemical change is occuring?
Starch and iodine
A browning apple
Burning magnesium
Sugar and acid
Vinegar and milk
Acid and zinc
Vinegar and baking soda
Title: Oct 144:23 PM (16 of 22)
Clues that a chemical change has occured:
1) A color change
2) Formation of a gas
3) Formation of a precipitate
4) GIving off heat or light
5) An odor change
Title: Oct 144:27 PM (17 of 22)
Test your understanding of properites to solve a crime! (pg. 60)
Title: Oct 144:53 PM (18 of 22)
So far we know...
Some water seems more"pure" than other water.
We can distinguish between substances based on their
physical and chemical properties.
Some substnaces react with other substances to make
chemical chenges.
How can this knowledge influence our understanding of different types
of matter?
Title: Oct 144:32 PM (19 of 22)
Matter can be divided into two main categories:
Pure substances Mixtures
In a pure substance every sample of the substance has the same
chemical and physical properties, because the substance has a fixed
and uniform composition.
In a mixture, the properties vary because its composition is not fixed.
Pure substances include elements and compounds.
An element is a substnace that cannot be broken down into anything
simpler. Every atom in an element is exactly the same. For example,
a smale of gold is composed of only gold atoms. A sample of sulfur is
composed of only sulfur atoms.
A compound is a substance made from two or more simpler
substances (elements) that are chemically combined in a fixed
proportion. For example, water is made of hydrogen and oxygen,
where each molecule has 2 H and 1 O.
Title: Oct 144:36 PM (20 of 22)
The properties of a mixture can vary because the chemical composition
of a mixture is not fixed. There are two main types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous mixtures the different parts of the mixture are
noticable. For exmaple, same is herterogeneous because when you
look at it you can see the individual and different grains of sand.
Homogenous mixtures look the same throughout
There are three other ways to categorize mixtures.
Solutions are formed when one substance dissolves in another.
Solutions are always homogenous. They will not settle out into distinct
layers over time. If you pour a solution through a filter, you will not be
able to separate it.
Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures that settle into discrete layers
over time. They can be separated by using a filter.
Colloids are like solutions. You cannot separate them using a filter and
they do not separate over time. But colloids have larger particles than
solutions; their particles can scatter light.
Title: Oct 144:45 PM (21 of 22)
Review your understanding of classifying matter by making a
flowchart that includes the following terms:
Pure substance, mixture, heterogeneous mixture, homogeneous
mixture, solution, suspension, colloid, element and compound.
Review by doidn the following problems at the end of the chapter (pg.
63): 122
Title: Oct 144:54 PM (22 of 22)