dlcuoop cn3sdg

uoarirzo o:gTcata
ocrftairtta>l
-glai ozesrzc-vaac
ifiepc, ^g)cac crt4Qg, eeconla4o
6BeJca3".gaCc
,-LOaVro;3 ^6AOp
r,oonirz" ocrflaasot5.

ocl5como3 Graor(t ae16rdroi mjolgileret scpr56BgJo csraor(o)Jos or;srEg crilerciltdooil

olojl cor raro
"-d
mr eil c mc d crjl eJl oS c"t c a1 4co5 c".-rco; cmcoi or3 to.rJ gJCo Lorto Jl
m)"ro5aB

Ltroad+ilcg ? "OrroJ oec6neccxco nm"-dmrpil o8"rcarn acdo ear: 91 er] os eoco6{DcD"

oofl menioo accr'lcorrojt cn1 oar: cd eo crl co; c o c gc.

1"-r ccor .IrJrd 03 coeni'eocgon'l

oro'ilcoc e,3 cmrc om; nv 5cn1o8 6)6)ero('l6, 1".t to 5; o8"rc
ocncdo aogocrocooo <rocolo'la oc866rigc BCDOC6TDGRC mS eOSCm Oi. ng CIO: C eni
cojl o'looco genece;cmrd t ooelo(/)l6 1".lcl5; o8"lc omo ? o{]ococo€o
corceni onrofloc( cr3 ar5mlor "€-rS 56BUA ?
1-".-rcco;".-r2tdooilorca2cmcocoscorcen5 1".1to53
co8.Jc Bme(onojl oooor eo; cm oocm" o1 oacsJoroilto'laer]rm crilol
".1;oos "-dcAc".-rcrij
rrileonudeoolcocoererc. *"l.rrnJgg'rco;;o pgc €'rjf d ooeroojlor 1".Lortr3o3".rcecnooiloofl
oo)or(o)lo o)zolerlgg corurcmoH5 orJo)Jc "er5ear:<r8 omqil ercoo'l t"rccaocuile ffildor
r01".-r"laro'19] mcooami ft)corcjlcoilo8 cooj
mecr:gilo8 acmceni C".tto53o8oicB(r)o. elo'l ".-rmo
cor)o8 eluocfr po8roroil oJrolo8 *1cn 6)Hslorol.
"ggc

lie) 5rD
oJ gd
270-2aO
r:'lcrmro

ecloruocarjLcoo
6'7
L.rceo ojld ('l?D'l co)c eJ (m G o) cos crd lal1ccl] oJ.aiooerodlecoJaoc)l6cBglOs jllorsongSo
oscolo orJoJosjooacolo ooelo('t6soj(o)c)l5613 (7.1) eloseo))gg o.rlooemor;o m)l.ore66BgJos
oA osrocxot acgear:r-r8ad oilcrocoroco;cm;eni. rarodlmmccnoojko8 ojlcroaermo oraJrd alcng
oOo(rocodo ocg ecr:gc coi o'i ao co ffDocojl€ol orcorcocaol ffueocamj nr: co; ci1coi1o8 coalog
mrco)? oacs;oollo1eo;cm m51cor1l; sioroi.
"=r;oros

mo0la)tomolo,d 6illsoll"rt (0D6IrUOJo0l GE6rrul(oe)o (oYary)

(accessory glands) (vas deferens) (fallopian tube) p o o c uo co olo1(r)) pCT oE

CrU"oC ffm1 e 6rr\r)6)(0T0) c)lor)l cnd recrrocorcnroc d c-r6mi

CO) LCt orio6u'lP6613oP rgn
Plos truolo, ollo 0lto)(r)cAor6J'loel 66)1ffD). GnSm! Orc sc6rn)ffD). Gn5'rT\ljcr0o)
eD1e osB0a6d' (016)166))cml. o4can) rrro16E rnd Gra6rruorlo
"Jei "oTaolgp!1oE
milto"leloerocDla c"ocd
66)C mC Ot COJ 0C(q) ent"lgmroccolcrno rDs
oc0.\o oc el e(a)lo ao;rmrd. GocfinlePlo PoA"rc.tdl
6do GdlCoIU6tIo €6)6)dslcm).
rnoEe,locor;o er".rg;
(ml. 0.jl06 "lP66Belo
CrUooc (0J [(' ffm1
6CloS (ctuo.lollo
cddcm tBcc)J€,oadro
to1aipo (semen)
oocml ,aro(o)](ml.

('dG)(rd()o(uterus)
O{)nBsrno (testis)
poocooco-)rorolcd tcl6m cu pd4 ms
"r1o dolcm ec(r)o. (/)dec G0)3fTil (vagina)
coro" or5ov o'rn mr erotl
ro (o) re'l a6ro l o)Jos U)dGc(/o(o)o
ccDl.oE 6c6m] cm]..'rlo "rloGaofo)
oroloil
ocrE"rcelcol'l<o8
66)" (olodolcm Gc(')o.
eu"l e r-d, .'.r;o;
ror:
",sr slggceni 1e1emo og ol[(omcc6riri]m) o)c5)e
oelo cDl6cooc dc o c
5')
o;rmrd. c aDc m'lm c C (6rd)'l ol] os
6rnl6,ua po8
"0cm1oj .n)ocoro€o'(o)lodol
cml. cUA"si
"..rcB1d]66)l m). orloa "ls 6cr3uA
6m ru 6rqr'l eo)'16 ar pc
roo"lc o c"doco.L1 eilotDo (penis) ccocffilcoterc6rd cDlcd,sl
"docoi eigs;
cmaoctd 2-2.50C oroco crooom"10'16 e"rro'leplo GBoilm'lsotoer "J
eer cm ro)'.

e;o crc coil<oTeo; o. proi oaao(crdoeP)o cldcm orooocuo.

sru"lcec ei"rc o m er oro croJe;pru;o o)l.o)culo orlocorod6j cl]o)
cru"accot66))rm). (md ejlo(J)oro'nmlgEilereL a;lomcgrarorl
er;oscorcsni.

".itroo
- z.t. m)1cor"]- or; o; ov o oaoctl ecor eo) c)1668 u0

qU!,tIO,6Bgd

* m5gorl"j;o;.sro6eio('t&corcoor5oBg)os ffuncoo oo5sBocD orJo)Jcruodtol€oJ(ml?

I "gcosoacenec6ni
orsnsjsmo orsosisrD(rD5loi eoilo8 acemo g sJcmco) I
* miLrorlooeLocrilocorco)ororolo8 o0oilos@c6n; erul*o cnlco,gi.'il€oods;cm(d?
t "gojloscr
gconi 6ni1s ffDo caoc(J)o (rrs€o;(m(oi ?

I -tgoer)l"leordrlocrl rnrdolconl lro) o{l6)l6ni?

g'lojcocmiLor
68
m51or1.'-rsoS"voooociloccrcororernpJos o€rs 46 clorcocclcoJ6rcd g one c cofl o3 cmc o8 en"lg
cDaolo (Ddoorlo omSJerceoeRc. l"r(o.)JJ68"rc cruo G(occo ord.t eJJ o s co)J 5rBceiJ (m m;leorcem-l

Bm 1"r1o1 oocoloa csrdsl onD o€r5o oroilo8 92 cLo,coecDcolo,uA pdrecrr-r)ocl;lo

en"lcmco8"rcr:mocerd. en"lc*c ooor;oel aolosjJoro@crrotoq crnelcrtoSolJ
"4lcgcecen5
o8"rcomo GDooGldolcm(oj? pror'lom m.rccll oocm oo.Jasolojlsc()loco)lolcB? "OL@
crnd6JJ(m "ers a edBUa
"{joorc
ooo coc on) ? roero;o ood a,w1oom153o oco; ootS oloet
.o-r]<ros oacsJooilo'loo;cm oilo,roemo o-rccoil! GLATCOGODCo mroer5CO)ed OCOOI6TBC&CO(o
crileor:gJos ao6rcolDerleLd mrcorodmi n-ucor ror;s o; cmoi "gcro3
oac erre c oemcni
crT colo8 cooroqlsgororS. tsact ao cdrB ?

oo eroUila,€ooldCsl6mao,d
orgcnAal$a,gilto8 cntor"lcor ooerocrjlo rnrrrecclronoS (secondary sexual characters)
lorasoca,lcmci "43olcend 12-13 ora)cuc6]cmcorcoscorcerd. a'](ro, o)cs'leoc

oeanoi, orlootrrecotorolo 6es.cro]o1o3o gos cocoecnsA olgao;6o16, ollo]

.sjuosnlOo oldrodS]6, en:"lcgcOE.rcCmo (sroooeT66)16 p|9
"6cmT<rjcocerd
"el5c6rdnoq ["]c('rJa,{Da,(6.
ooerort6 ru g6d(o)los recooccor'l ouenEeg$a giloE mjrormcr gd g, ps1
od#oq o.r'lecm.lo, Gocoorg64 tolls6m'lcol ocgd6Bo? tord,socel(m).
oncem.ocoEmtdacDo.rlo crqdcdoor-.rtaculo rorgooreTao;cm;. omiol"da
coronoer
"lg5lgcn tomnlcol1o8
cnTcd lnuoJoo3cm c"ocricocemlagceni
"-ller
0oco1oT6 ac 96686) g cnldemcorTaogcmcf . 6)6)ero(J]le G"ncdc oc6rD)6,pl6s
corogrllalerrece;rm cr.i3or',lco-)cmooroco.rlo ooco) l"rco(6ro1oE rorocr 1m-)crilao

odslcml cDt(ocotd ooero(rta cn.lreccleuccrE emoocdIrcco)c

"6cmrojlomco)lo
rolcocnrlc4c tor6soc6)0.

m5lor"lcoil e-r]o
"-r2
o3"vcn1er;o 6ni"l ePc(68"lco ooemlc cro cor olor'l er; o cr.r5.sz em oror'l e-r; oSgg
mooro mrc<r:1crjldoJ(m "€rsodsBoa o{]o(Dc 6n1cscto8"rcr:e, ceccro ecn gcen5 or;sr04
o€ooco)ffd ocncp$ercaerlcocgc. og;66r:ocDaoc er;os 6rt.t"l gcecoo
corcco; caccroojleecnorril
aoilolaoco eulcscoS"rcr:mo mseoScmco)t eoBgctoil oco;cmd. prc (oteolJ6 e6ord6-68

arn]nou5croo"loonriloer 6Jccoc coccrooloila;o C1(68 c6c0o6sBeilooao)Jo Gorcoer 46

"ORc
23 egcort (crdlnorc 46 claco cm:co;acl8 cia,cocmrcoSaod geni. clacocmtcoSaud
+o

p oerrecrd 53 ene c gc. ooero crjl6,cc)l co oaa 6Jo) e6,f,(oo(oro 2n omcni mrr.jl" ilaerco-
".lo14j]
m5lro"lcol e-r; o p.:c caccroecnud
oeangilo8 ms€oJ(m o.lls64aoceo) c6cr0oil "-r3o3.slrn1a;o
e m ottrl1 er; os co; c eni eru"lg caccro ocr:c-rE eu1* cec cro ean gcao'l oooJ
re "geonorncoceni
(moro)ffn" or5dol oc€oJCrn o.i(roo (u.z)
poSlcalgileoogs;cma " oroeonocoooroJlo8
46 G(6CAG(rDCOI cn1o1aMlao2.
63CcOC 6r).l"lgG6C(rOOr6.ilerlo

acrE perre c coil ol eoJ G oc ? 6nl1ge6c(r0ol6t(68

slcucocarjLioo
69
 oleO3.'9fl0 nui(u)l
6Dflcgccd8,na36 c6cco6cBod

orgolcml or9oJ.ml

Gnlrord Go,l@6uBd
gomco('o - I (polocytes)
mj"1or"1or1c * c (6E
"-r
c 66
e6c0o66Be](66 p|cmco(r)o
pccorsooo II
msoolccrucrd pdrGcalcm
o-jJ[ojlorcc6rcoo5oEgiloE cral
d crnrTto8 o '-lol co) G 6c ro
I 66806. tor(ojrdSorcr: m c coodl
PHc(trrocdnmcoE Pcl mcoT
orlo6rrflP5dBcd
"-iltcoo
- z.z
4)Golcarlcml.
Gr)l"lscecooroBglos co;".ieroem "sScEBUa

.jlgolo nilo"lasrT4cHc. -.rlc)los oacsloroflolooSrrn or'lcroemo gorce)c(I)odsJorol 6loJ toJd

orra4coiler]os m)l.r656BoAdd gorooo eo6neoloil mj(ooim; axeocilcojloS 6icn6ol.

09mcoOo (Meiosis)
mjtro'1a;ro;.sr eloerotnl&eacro66Bg1o8 ocloro msaolcm cacuoojlegmac6rd g.cmcocno.
g.DmGo('oro1orloscorcsni enr"lscacuos6Bcd (orlo6r)l"lsculo Grd6m!orlo) ol,-)15.)dslrmd. slojl
6C!loE msooym oergHc c6cuoolTcsmorlo L6a€o(rocerd. ocor5cacc,oarojlerlpp ctarcoeffuco
cruo6!Jo)l6)s or6](6ilacl(')ca orlL(o'lecce,cro56BgiloE ecemlaco.rlpp] oOCm(6')c6d gicc)reo(t
ooiloQ tacrorlao). Graoc(a)(o; 2n c[ococffucolaP]Eg 6Jo] Qjlo('coc(oo pcmco(r)(dr6jlcd
.rllc(l)cooc(ot p5rBca,)crD orlt(ot6,cc6c(o66BEilcd8 'n' e[6coccrucD)6ua oct(ti)ca p6rccroto'l
6oleeo)lpp]. og)arDc(otoTdoco po)'lm)63o6mo? Leoco('CfrokdS GLococo,uco po5l66el
cnlc(ooezo GAc(roo 5lol (oor5lDocL(oo oireeTeola,co.r;o o5r€ orll(6il6cc8,ccro66BEl6r'Gcoj)
6eo)lo oer(glcml. oofmcoS 2rcmco(n(6mil.6E cL6cocffuco potaoejlm] GUoosjo c&ccoo
o6n: oor6m oileelSl cncel orJl(6il6cceo(oddB06 p5rl3celcm]. pccoeo(/)onrloer ojleso)
c6BUA co;roc16oo pcmrgooo I oglcmlo prcmcotllo Il ogcmlo cocrT(oo*slarl. cLacoecruco
mJoolJ .!6l(6.)'lco)ca,lcmrd p|DmcoLoo acmlelcerd. .'6cmco8 pdfcDeooo oene'loE cla,caemrco
oxo5r..l3@1o8 crlj('jcm)o]6r.l3gelcm1R. co(o)lmcoE pr'mGoolo lI Looreor.rromicrj ffuocmoc6nj.
qDgdesn0E

* ooerocrilacac(o6cBelo8 ao((o) Gl6cocm)caJauA p5n;?

* "jllrororo-rTo3
orpdgc.€rsordjlml oJ(ri mscmd ofl(o)lo)oo c6c@or'les(noo5rd? pcrnocra
LolG(6.)JA(d.) of)cro5?

* or grd gc"erscorilml ccr0o94o cnscm cocc.o oI e * moloilood LorGolJ 6ror oorrdS ?

I oileame(oosjDJgp orltoil6cc6cuo56B0;1.d8 of)[(6) cl6cocm)coJaud p5n;?

slcrocmiLroro
10
* "jJloiloccocoo56BCilos
ct6cocmJcoJ6 'rsdemorgdgocooro;(TD
(6n6rnxo (6ro6r|.l)c('o
orers or ( co ( J ru 1610)l ood cororo'ilo8 crilcm;o pro8m;ds'l6oodsJcml. plc
"nremroroio)aq
acoemoocrol? g"rgailcoroccu rsrdc6rrLr)c(o3(rDdscrro (o\.ulation)

* o.Ocml oroa)J(ml. pecnom po8mtr6*1eoog

eulcsco8*rcorn Loltalao orldolo|aoc6l
SJOD (srA5rnOOrO GrasrrDoro"ril OlejlOgSJ
GmrcgJ5rrdC6lCm ol] o 6D6lB 6BrJ 9l O S eO)J o
dolcrDl. crdcrnolc"dlaolos puaccoolollpg
Grd5m! Gacuo6dBglos(o)lo oo)6m oldnoa
QrJ(o)JcmroJG6rBr? po]loog m;1eilco6,ua c6n5rnDo.6rdr o;ccmc$ m1eo3
"6ercro'rs)er;o
ocoemoanorceni?
6colo ojrqJCmS. (sroem-u ornl rnJ
".1)gJo
oc(ocgo ollo6r)l1856BPlo of)oro](ml. 63(0l
oO6sB ocD aocsrd ooerorjl o,cor e0) clr 668 gil(o8
orlo6Dr'lso onem-uorrilcnJggloi a,scm; ee1
eilo(J)carc('d66BUS oloJodslcmo(6.)ffd o(r)qg'l
eroroco8 tsra cri ".1391" 6JoJ cDoo
6nl.l) (ord)l
ercesrlcorc gc. ollo5rrl"ls6aBglo GndnDorlo
6$isrDccx@6lDo olotodsJo(o)lo pd o9l
.'elscneot erJo mlecoorriler]o dlolcorcoer
orJo6m"ls66BoA roroem.ooroilrnJgpilo8 asaoJ
coce6ms? oecsJoroilo'l€olcm .jllo)
".r;otos cm< <osco;3acor;o o5l(gjmJ. (sla6rrtl)ortilcDl
soncd (2.:. a b) erccorccoodsJorot d5il6
ppiloE asrm r;oenleoroilernj m5;glcorrn5
(u.r) u2doml"lao1eol.
(zs clacocmrco) on em-uooll oop co3g6lcoau;
occoi (z: cL6rcaecrDco) oDocco)csl+i
mieorcemlo (+o clecocm-lco) @lotoBslcml
rr a''lcormi
("jltroro. z.+).

("rejl6ocoi
c J"rlcataeilcm1 )

(a) aloarleo (b) oroerru-ro

"-fl{coo
- ;.:. eru"lgcecuot6BuA
enr"leca,ccroecnglos
ollo6IU'lgo Gro5rnDo
mr o.t'l c cro ror a, od (o
"gl
Grgesoil

ol pl CD G Cro nMl 1\
tt ?l/
GA6nDGeCUAs6BUS
"jJoen1*
eocu6 Grdcmoas6cd cxer) dol Ep cr-rcorceni.
errllecactoear:g;os mroilecroosio)aoa acog$
- 7.1

COC CO OnOg

mJl*l@)@l6uA
\u
mileorcemlo

(@a6rruo + .'Jlo5r!'leo )
erc(o)cHc. 1".-ror52o8rcocn 1u1al aocoi',lo er oros;
oro opJSo eu'ls mro ccorcoo (fertilization) .nllroro - z.a

cDosrD(molao)cocRc. ent"lgmrocto)coo-or'lclil(]) "gS6aBoA

m56ofl ooeroujladrr-tcrtr-lorrto8 cco;ccril

6 "lgmtoccotcoo cnsaocoro oroclcnmco.r'lo8
"r;o;.su
ojloE ffice,ej"jldoods)(ml. ccoeml<oror'locncmj ffDoe oiaoJcml ? dJoros
"r;oen"leeonua
oa,cs;oloiioleoJcm o.r'lor oemo orccoi)4] crio
m)rcoo de-ildocoaccro.,eilco;JEP orJo6r)l"lgscBUa
cDdecuoeooolssos on eml crc o meuncrd o;.r"1 a, o1 4 au co oE cn5 al cot crl co,il o8
"o1coio8
6,Jcil€6)1.
o0(610.)l(mJ.

elcucrooarjlor
t1
 Of6drorO oo (Menstruation)
mjtao16 91(66 L"r(o)lloS"rc6mc LoM-) gP acerco)PolToE
"4
rocen5 28 B'lcucnioccro pseorp
coloE orgcrrSooleolcm ocgeaegcerri rargtSorocr.r or(6,0 (menstrual cycle)" GB6.m.Dccoa)('ro1(o8
rcrocemlcoE"rcccoarlo p(6Ecru6gcDctllooc6)66 msao)ffDG(o)c6)scHo 0l6Gccroco(xlo uslsrnoom
m.lfle,o'1aocm;gp alcorcoosl".];ooE msronD)cm]. tc)6rDo(drD crooToercmiora;cm oroomr'lo8
odeccro@6-.oToq gcddloroned e,ST6,]g]6, oo(tcercola,cpcero cudcD'laol6, tcrmrilooE
e1s}oo8 6coJ6siaoc6]6, Hcruog o).Jogslcmo)or5-)o tcl6m(6r6'jlcDc(xrojoc(o) Gorcosj&o€r
sa66euE mrorerdlaole (ols56rtco)crcocerri]d'. GrdcsrrujcoEcrudsmco-roflro1cuo"sao,
"Ocmc(o6
erulgcruoccorccno coseocoilolcmcoE rc'o6.rruo muo')4)Gorcalcml. arocemlco8mrrdgmo oslerord
ra,rs r:lomromrTcrS Gfo.sio (/)decrocoadronong cladroncolos Go6oo.ro o-rcgilcoioE
"6rocenE
oloro6)6c6rE a,eroc/E Gasd(rd aco]srcolo (6)oE.'neroc(9t odcoo, c(8odao,
"r](oilero)ceot
ooJc$co) e6c(od6Bglos ccco56Boa or)onDPEotlslarcolo o,rgl
"Ocmlor .cao)ccrtcotej)os
cm). pcc t ,{aTco)corcenj crgr6o.rocr".
"6orcend:
o;roro8 s r:'lcrmro croo mlenel cnTo8ooco. pd
p.lc m,racoroni' (oeJGOrBaD, olco)olc()jBm, o)el6o6oo cols56rtco etasi6mdoBUA 666rrecrDlor
oco. pcd 6Jol (6rdcrulorer6gjemoccoil aolcoeneoilg. onem.uccrooomioS a;arilor (6ra6mJjooro)
poErcolsileolcmorlcnlo orireccoco.:omioE or;ror'1o) Lc]GrDo.oro crur'la(0'166)lcmotmlolpE roeo)c
oos;g1ecd cr-r"]ene;o cr4oore1eolcml. "jl351Sol e"ccdcocem;eoded "r;ooa GB5firl)csDco)
eongiloE mlcm;o to'uojldoodslcm pcmjtsefi? (oestrogen), o1.'.Lcem)ciscenE (progesterone)
or;seor:1o; elelerotn'16 c"ocdcocemlagJosco))o nilco)(cro6morolercerd pc [ort6,'lcoe6ecel6et
msoer;cmrd. cuc(l)co6Tnajco, tz o}oo8 ts cr:cocp$rnlscded
"6gc o"rntal$agiler)o cD6(6r-ooj
ejLso ('roooc16olo. 45 alaoadE so crcotc6'Tcn'1sad orgdorocuo']1eo cnTacdeol". proierm ((rr9r8roo
cr.ro.r'locoo (menopause) oOCmJ oloo))(ml.

coa6rrlr)orc
"olcotoE
oiorod5 cu'lacorcemlo oilgaleang]o (2.s, z.o) 616)seolgg oiloto
eon ocncorc corl oT€o)o LBl6rDcc)lffuneo:o 6mojlo m)liro6BBoS 9".lecocall4 ojlcooercno
"4;
..ilcnnj "ilSemogrigocororoilco 5]ol dJfitroc orgg. alcng] mrccrcdmi 0.!co)ctot(d8 eo6l
coloco;cmai'l oac s; oro-r1o1eo;rm odsJoroJ.
'rSoros

7 Blo.raruo

5 (6Ib94l l0 @ro9.l 5 6amlo acdldolanotct' 6lodl rilor..u

etBo4€sl1 o1.ni

"
ntaoo - 7.5. tlel6IDolPd4-"€l56muE

s'lojcocmiLor
12
 aJXIu00 (placenta)
oolc6olu8o66)csl uldec o"ll6Stdoao)51 (umbilical cord)
oo aJ e'l.drD'l o)] o ca)l edolcm
*lcarnSoccD 0r dccru-o crol(o] or) E cCo)1
€c(r)o. 0olldjjmlroE ".']3dem
occoll cupdrm .dcoxflAci66;
c (rut*l€6)]cm crao6nrro ,roslcojc
el)Pl! GocDo.
oxlar;€; .6o6J(o'lGrlo 06ls
cGUoo 20 ocruallo1gd
oijCcruorlo 3 ocrufi01 n"l gd
e(ndlo P 6TBc 6)0. Lcl6rD
6mTcd Gocrco5occor eicd'mrT coatrflGa)r$d [Boo
smlo colc.li6rlcll)o oo.om)l (amniotic fluid)
66)]6,, treJ5m(6nD1ofie cul(rudsj crgdmlccorcan0 mreoil uloog
crmjorlaoad ojloo(6)gEle o)ls s;culaoym t€cuo. [e) 6m rorD'lci
56rtco (l)da66.B(-ld (nldcrl"o166)] GOJ6TB madEelfm].
(m). ".jo1oesj

'jll.oo - 7.6

d6rD cu p{A 4o coJ cortn(o; te}6rno

"r]

oxgd6sB0E cm;. poilom oo2"-ilgp (after birth) o0)cmloro

* oro em.l o.r c od slcm

"o1
or'l o3 oJol (o)lcmJ.

m.r'laocemlo orgolcrDolo oiamieo; 1".1c cor rE onrrl corc ao) o{')Rc miiorluSoSnv
"r;
cm(')Jo o0)ojlos cx4c5ni? cocddoJo Lor coj (68 or co (r) c 0o ns{lor; cerre c t
I

I mr'lanorcemlo tndcc to ao (610)'l oel corocoA

cxclu)J(o) (sterility)
o{)Lo) aDo(o)oDsldolo?
milto"loiler;o 1"".1or5;o8"..rcr:m
* orgdcri ojlacmro Lorcojl€ol(m Lel6rDolot G@oSi'l pHCadrO Onomrncorcenj
".LSo2norcriler;o
ora\!Jo.
(r)ocr(oJOCQO Golcc$j666Bglo 6lodcrul
CrOrC CO.l O'lAOCo prOrln5 OCOemot n-r;O)"Or
"{)
s(I)lo o.Ooilos crjlcmceni elreleoJcmaf t crilergo cdlorlcollerlo cxmll5ro.roid6i cruoccr)
I "gean
ococorceni lregemorofl er;enece;cm coc ol1o1"rrioreonGgc 1610ao 6co6rDG6BgJGrBc
o-rlmrrdgreanud ol) o ffd)qq oo ls) rrD(i ? a;o. enj"leeBBg;os "j ei rn c (n nsildo] o oi, "e-rs
I r.nd re c co cor ool erlgg lc)5mo o06cB off) cDcotoocco oootoet5oanoE, (srdorcroJo Gor5IT3

cocerd enrcno5aslcoccBglo8 cilcm;o cruoo 6nils66rlgJos 4g5moolerlgp e,;ooi ( t ml

a,*ilaoogs;cmaiz crolgooncoi 6lo6rorold r0 Bfoer.e,clo 5nr1s
jlao;cmorlci 6BBUa), 6u1sorc"rrlcoier;errece,;cm oscp
I lre;emo o-rydsmcrgrdg 1".1c
ecr:c,r6, ooaocrila6rucrr-Doroieerdodscmlgg
o€)L(o.) .ruocoo coerrelolosoZ
o v] oL1 g c co) a or3 s eor:1 cor cr corc oni ".r3
o 3 nsr

tie) 6m cx gd 4,'r; d oror'l orc a2 c ml c cra .ol'l e,t

ol.nlJ(oaolos ldl(l)cmods acoemesBoa.
c(}ocrdcocern]ag;os L",r ol t0 orol m
"-o
el oc corl ooero(rtac ol(o) oJ56rJ g)os ogscrcoloocco)
ol6ec @ eo el oro'l m)cec al'l €ol6co)Jo oooro e-i5 eonu8, a5or5 a c cor'l r6rd c 6rr\! c
s tn 6 e crDn crol @ J ot Jo oro or o)
ecorc crfl co)l er;o J o8mrdsmo ms aoc o o1eog6, Gla6Yt\t;o
6ca))0 odql(m L'r[ajl ool corc eni Lolcl'D olo. Gn5rn cxc,'o1 aol68 L"JG0 (fol do3 (o)l o'l 65)16,
Lorcnrarcfdoruo dcfuaqco)Jo ojJooo)ggodsJ cclsrno arao)joc(ojl c,odrecr.ocorre'loloiojloS ".r91
Filsl€6)c(',]o1€6)J6,
(,decor(run r;doroilorc

elorocmj(ioro
73
6,)crnolloroo cnr? rec co co omT crj Lel6moonD ee)Jo coto'lonrlo'rToer
roor'lo8 cnlcasi oi €oJ
cr eo cci a el cotc o-r1 o1 ao; a or2 s ear:'l co) ol c"ocd Goc6m)6glos crdg orl 1aa1ao1g3
"ol
coceni mlcorl ormxJtolco)los lotorcmods eraceni reremeona)os (o)sd(m)qs orsdd
ocoomecn<r8. orqtl;crilo oo crL a5 uo c m51ro'r o godcdoJe(o)lo odgl(ml.
cooSorTorrol4 olldo (r)jlm(o6oA€oio olo'loo3 gos6c/6 (twins)
oocd(r)56BUa oosneorollcoll5Send.
cruoogCco) gcdseioE (fraternal twins)
osgp"s$6ni rdl(o36)od (test tube babies)
cnitorlogilo8 oo3 trmroronrilo8
cruccDcc0drD
(Jo0"1(o6 o"oJ 5r)l"lscrD8'el(r)orotl e\6s (IVF - oo; a,;5i1corcord enilao;cmoi 63ceoc tolcrl
ln fitro fertilizatior) s(r)l6ol(m o,l6l6ltD) 6613 fiDco)lo (6rO5rYDC ('o AO Olt')'l(oi CnlCm;o OOl
gceni oscnS$s5;eni uolco3eoua Gra5rru)o ocLcoo poEcrutE*leoogs;cmolceni
"gcmolcoog
slcmcd. osmS$s5;eni cn'lcro; o6fin Lotccoctrlo pc m; acoemo. "Ocmco8 corca5ajleoccol
cndcauncro'l@J orgo2cmcd ocor5croo"looroilmS oeni Grd6rru5aBoa ecSaDdslaoo#sJacolo
oo; osar)gs5]snno8 croo6mcm oo)C eu"lsmroccoccnoririlooa oeni
"j;ooni "neroceol 1re]em
ruccoem *cri gileo;cmolcenS. corLncrfl t noroiko8 6oBgl6rca6rl6co)Jo o6n; (ruoocm56BuA g(rjl
6r)l"19 (rD F, eJ crrollo ffD]d(')c 6rn orol o oA 6o)6eo)lo oergl(ml. pod oerre;o 6JGo ejlou)
ofjcoccDlo o'l cr mlooro (s r:l clmlo o-roo)
ooilcac cr5or5crrio ejlo(,)oloilcelc oot5(d')c
or gd gcor;ocen5 ocros ro o"l oorot m; o ol gil coilcol
6co. scrildol(m oalcnJaoud (o)oo'lo8 fuccDc
(ns dol ffD o). U)decrun@'lua] oIoflA osID C|'UGo.JOa066nogcollellgp B500Jm)lDJ
(''))sdcmlgg olptdg l;doloicocol(m(')lcd GaaoJ6113coll6colgpi. pcro(o ouooPc(o po
cndrercloro a;s')ccot ot1o2.
5a,oi "ocni olool(m].
mi1<o"la gf oetcor)o ollol osicraac o'lo elo)lo cnraeacor poga,oS (identical twins)
ormxJo)aidoJgP A(ol ololooccoocdoloo(m
m)ooscco poseua g5rcc6,lcmoilo8 crtml
crilelotoS cllgoo crlcolooccojl g".lccorccril
crlcor5 m5ro occo;l gcord mrosctor po5acrd o1"r
6elodsi(m oo3 mrcce,oilaoilntrcorcod o"4;.
ogs;cmcd. ejleredcoa miaotcemlomiloo!
ctn..O"d. cnrE re c 1or oror'l m3 orooccr'lgcotor
"t orqoSoj}eemooo oJsd(ml6rrec6J(m o6rel
cnitrologiloS oc(oroo plc o"lro'r'l (lcolr0olo.ll
c6c uo66Boa "--r2t6 em accoil c clrd"-l'lol eeroo
oDColJ6(olggl. m)cOCc06rD 6JOl oc(ruo 6Jol
doco. p66Boff) corr8"Jo'lco;;cm osrBl Gac(o
crd 6rnl. ac 6rDcBc adlollco;To8 m1cm;o
56139)0 Lc)6m56Bgceot ojl6,3(rDo (olcojl66))
poSrurEel aoogs;cm rd. poLlos
"6cmco8 cml. pd eciloro"ersmcoiello acd-oleoilerlo
cD6In5BBgJos olecm)orolml ml"ocojl
ocra c"rcejloleo]cm o6ITE) m)croom66BUa P(ril
oolcm *ilg1lgcn cooctdcocemJag;os onpoi
dolcm(oloj psco)3dolo. pcr6 oene]o etco
4,5[rol aoccol a,351oesr:eni orm] elole,o
ejloo(dojloSodsoroccoilolao;o. poroo m)o
c6rddrrlD6BBog olgrEoroilocorsSasr2cm;. jlcmld
ecor po5eo3 o$Cml oloollcml.
ojlocdoo;os m)ooccoeoltDcos cnitolcojloS
cn:orca1cru" poSa,oE (siamese twins)
cDlcni tsn6rru)6689lo oliolosj(r)loi cDlcmJo
enLl*erng;o c@oto'l do) cmJ. LorGarlJ60 orgoo rcn"rsdoaccoT crul d(o) c strrl) o
o".lcoio ogrE3lcocu.loooio8 (growth
<ocorcra oro"rsrEemrzccoil oerrecojl o]cilcorJo,eolo osrYd
medium) or3j 6r)l"lgcruoeco)c(')o msoDJ(ml. cccD56Bg)o mrorlcrorrzccol ollacmlo 1"lc"i1
eu"l g m)oc@rc coo o-re1 cot;eneca;rm ml'laro c do)6eolo o orql(ml. .'ilel soo"loec(J)56BUa
em.t-lesBud njleal! te GalLro5aBgJgp net5 6ls1cg6cm cril er coil er;pp o6fii cruoocm6mcra
oo(6lDJc(uc(6 oroclocor oj]oloo (,de"lclo) p5rBc6l(ml. poroo m:corca1m5 poseua

slorc/ocadL@"
14
oocmJ orocoJcml. crlPoo (sraorJdorocot oDaoc mleongtos q,om.icerr .nlaiglcer: pgg po
o"lcn5 pro5aog mrsldemoccor co mi(or [ojl oor 5eog aoeneorol'l m)oogco)Goc m)ogc
rococ onol4cnerori mrcooOmi olcorcjl
"gcrd
coilo8 coorogsgoro;.

(oro{AodorcocDo og eoloila glod

ogl slolo8torcrl66nDm56Bogcdcoer s1crsc

er 6cBgJos 1"lor5;o8ucr:m 1".16a,'l co d1er3 o
oila mrco5cr5roScrrueong;end. ptorocoo crDcoJ
orJroJcrD6aBgJpg,ier s"loi6glos ("rro5J
olllcoo - z. z
o8
"rcr:cn
g":1a1 corcor;o s Oemo
oL1 cr
"j;otOS
mrcorcolmj pro5ecd
oocsJoro'lol€olcmoj oiluo a, ercno o.rgl.
' ao; mro.e,-<Eggcolerlos ocoemacr? o2.,-r
coiler;os oil*coaoocaol Gor6rolo'l+|5J6fld. ogs;onril oro)cdmi rtrleo)ct aojlo8 e;crleo;.

OOoI)[il)
to}al*eree"loilorco) 6)ooo(ol)aot(o8 ooero('tocLrlo G'oooerodl6c!loccor g".ror5;oErcom o"]o.i1
ooE acemeigs;cm;ocue,Ter;o (6Eooero(It& o'l(oT(o)c6m) 0l5lrJo. crdmle,]s ffucoooroJ6€B
pl6E oo"otcrii cn5)oerori'16 t"jo'r51oE"rcacoo1(ol(o)c6m) -floEor;so;cmd.
alalemo (budding)
"$rm t '-rtaTco-)o;lerloscorceni 6oooto.D LorcDcmace)lo (6Booerouil6
1"-ror5;o8"rcocoo mscorolcm(d. al16emclgr63goco.:<o:o'rko.r oooolrucor;os crooloreloro',lco.flofl
5rol 0)6190 (bud) o],'r6)ds)cm]. pic 0)6190 cr9r6g 6c"jl9] ocor5soo"loomioS coTcmlo
<rnsrdcni oco;aco.r1o o-r;oi1co oo"oioj-lco)ccoi m.rrollrror *"loloocooc'l6o)6aolo o'Jglcml.
1o:ojlole.r mrc"o,lo5eanglercerd oo.,nlru ooero(]]"ldr lor(o)JloEorcacDo ms(crolcmcd. cco
oo"otolaotoE rolocm oroenE-o"-r5nE ooero(r)']6coro)o.]6bB06 ecemogslcmoilmcoE 65).,otcu)
6Jo) pc(o)ailo(') (hermaphrodite) e"loilcorcerd. ooeiosil6cora)cr6oBc.6 poEarcrtdoolffn Gla5rru)
d6Bglo orlodnrls568glo ruocao)ce'l9j m)TanorcemreaBUA 26r]3calcml. por es,cobojkesmo
mscrd 1re;emeongcet oco)cm). 1re;emeanoEeol eJl8lo ffuooers6rDdordo (cyst) olorodsl
cml. er)Slorcsleua Gnm]o,lerocorlcmrcod m;ooav5rD&ororo PHco)celecolo (Gl6mo
onacnn g] .l;orlocorcol oo"olojrco)ccofl acol6co)]o 5)'lgl(m].

GnfiilC.,gA,eSmmo (parthenogenesis)
ooe]ocr']6 Lorrojl6EorcBm(6Yo'lo8 eru1gm)occo.rccnomr'laloscocemcgc mrno:cmeon08 genec
6lancoi. €cmcoE -oiler e")cu1ap'loE onrlgnloco;ctno msaococo olo{TD Gn6rrulo crpdcrd
ffuoocm56B06 genecacolend. pc Grdcruccuco6m t"-Lol'}eccn-rocend oncrilc.su eemcoo. pr:c:
cnnm"l4. o$ eloilagfoE cricm; crlor5mjanoccol <n4end-oo.renE coml4eg;os etacocCruco
cruoorJcorT(63 clJ('Jcruo)6n9. oaenicorm"l4a91(08 32 cl&coGCrucoloplo GrOGflEcC')m'lge,
giloE ro clecocm)coleglocsmlgpd. ogcrotccdlolaoco p(6ilcl; 6,c(06rDo? 6).r6nAc(o)cn'ldd,

Cl6E oc6rD'laol oclrorco 1".ror53od.'.:comcoo.*ico;ggl. ooeJo(r)'16 6 ar.l)orDTomcs)olToi

ocernlcor;os rsro6muorc"o'lcot(o8 (l)cocPo orloGrx1g6sBUi (16 c(6coem)co) mlcagj"Jlaoog
slrml. oc6rrt ero6"rco'lC6olcm olgaod (to e[a,coccruco) GrdFrru:orc"rteota;os or;ocoroad
cr.rolcmro'lmlscoioS (}jlo6 "ledcBplocco'l m)occocelgl mjlaorcemlo gdrBcorla,Co)lo (6Ea;
o.la,ccnro 1".rc"-i11] sz c[acocmJcolgp oaenEcormlgepcclr]ecol]o oerglcm].
"6rmco6

e'lcrcocmlL<oro

15
 (6o6mxorc.)oT(atel)os orlocorDdd c]lo)ffD @a6n-LD6oBUE .Jloo 'lg6oBgloccoii mrocco)c
'jel
aleolcrrng. peueerco en1*mroccocU,)comil{d8 oroe,sldoc(dlD cnfi"nx56BUE (rulao)o clila,cm)o
1.!c"j19j orq6nEcocn'14ogcco;1 oco1cm1. rooSooooco)l (argenScorroldo,CloE r6 ct6cocmJc
o;aod oclrococor]6r€ccoto'16er)6collgp].

tol(DJSOEollBmo oo ga,Eilo8

o,oco)'la;o ocr.rgporoierlo s"lcu'laoco8 a,e1co1or eloilepceni (b.).xpeoE. g"jtotr1o8o.Lcom

roond ee.:omnoQ cruccrrilolr3o cncn'1crco5oceni. o.,ldn6ro.dg cl.lerltrl)o crg6n3@org ooro]
or;ocord. t".rco51o8.rccmccr..rgoIo8 rorgffirorcup o.renSorcrgcor;os .,rloroaf cngE|dlslzilol
6olcml. 6)SC5)(6) OrlenaOO]gOrlsrS pOOreCO(6ni' er"--ro',lcor mtaoaoo oooEor',looleco)]o
odglcml. pc 2g"l.rmoomomlsdrrd o".LenarorogaoE Grdaru6sBglo cro6n8oorP6,u8
orlo6D"le66Bglo po8ru6eleo;or1. ooree(drol.dE cr2l en-rlecruoccorcoo ms6o]ffD1. p{d
eruc,,o5or.flem-)oecoccnoroini (externai fertilisaltion) 2ac,-,ooemoceni. ols6ori m-r'larorcemlo
ojlacmro 1o-rco-il1] ocoEocla,Toccrjlcml. ngroceni oenecd"r cuocoo od,c6n; orcoEocC6T
ol.!ccroo5mo pc"jlgj orcr.lgco.rcaot(dnt'lolcm).

[doJeoilol]Bmo leeile gfl oE

algcoigceni orooocu6oJCDoi cnsoo;cmni. or6sil6p)os 1.'ror53oE"rcom 1.'Lg6,lcor

"je,cilauE
ata6E Acercorcru-ocoiao5 crailco; m)rcculmo;enE. ool crjd.vcororloa !-iler torco)Je Ecffu6€B
giaccolToTeo;o por pdrc'ro)(mrd.
pcro;ToE orgrrolole enrlsmroccorcoocenY (internal
fertilisation) msdo:cmd. m-rTaocem-uoror'lor{ clgd4oieoccrUo5occor colcosj66BBglo o)S
co)eo1gpf o6 aDocoT6elodsilo'l6erlrDl. crucoJco6rnco;ccot tolepd6e{l onso.r'logrrd o;goi'1oT
co;leo1rm1. o-ilerorTme6Bgil(d3 orgenE.r.:adlo;o cnsato'l66)lcmoilmlo
o)So.l1oT6rot6)lcrec6)cm a]61610156Bog .ruorlc
".LoLoiaolcmro.llcDlo
colaolcmleri.

oesolsem fiDmbfiilo,d
rujm, .gc gn amj rol gseurjlco; ff u cni(o cD16 06 o ; 5 ol g c eni cr.ro uo
aerT
"6 - z.a.
curiom msoro;cmd. olsojloTsroro)l ollocdYD)tuolcm 6l6I6ItDl "-!11roo
"6cmcoE o066nn]jm
66135)9 cnoo oca;91 crg6oror1cm1.

Col{tDjsodalccmo m)oq 6B Cilod oi (aot cDlpgloS p4t

"gecnocncorcen5 "rod
or:1 co) tortd o.al s'l oenel c g t oarsl og".rogs;cmco)t gqo)J ocncp$e-rcaocnE
o2 9993 cor] s
".t
mrm5ear:giloa ooerodla, t.,roj)(68.Jccm
oorogfl crooTccorsneor;eni. mrm.r5ear:giloer
ooerodlo or53 o3 "r c a cn ooor ggl olmi
1c,-r

-ro1g oco5 ean cr3 acrEo14l emc6sll.

6a.i14o.lloo dco)dod sl aot(da (6rq6naooao tlt ocorco or
ocng;o o end o o er o cri]oc o cor or eor:g;o oco
"r
acdrDl(mci ? 61(0]
"j;o.iro8ooocmcocc6rnc
oe-ro?mr'loog crD"occo)corDcos oj(o)
"ocoirui
olorp .lloi mlo"lovloo;. or.rnl5;pp ,.Isor
56Bplacco! (t.'to, t. rt, 7. r2) o.lcooloJodsJorot
ooprout&coj(o)oreor:g;os "erscoocorgg'l oo3
"-nLoo
- 7.s. alC4}olol(m .'rod oorsl
e;o1"i oococoo;.
 gcn'hemlj

"-fl1roro
- ;.t0. - oJCo)O'l6)(I4

,noccril

acorJJUA

tci6'mo!fisil
(SIAflfUJo
gmccn"lol Gro6fi\DCUOCo)o

Jlioro i.11. oilroo - z.tt. b - 7.r2. em1

.Joc(/)Go6m}
"-ilLtoo

ooero(')llo)ccreQ)or5613oa ec6modslcmotoel crucru5ecr:gio8 o-r5cor5 mior o")torl ag!o8 ".roc

orJo)Jcmocnlm)o'19] cruau5eBBopco)Jo olJodol osrDo (r)s€oJfiDorccot crjlesnoa olo'l+il5]end.
5BBogeQ)lo cxj(ojaJo)ojlcc(r)6dBgc€o] (o1c0'l rocrrnslgg m)ler666Boa oi(oop.lcno oojco;c
+ilslggoorear:oco o41rmronomgg'l rrul.ol0156r: oloC(,fl loo, ojoC(/)smecO']eOa oo(rrtcllO(o)
glos cBslrDnccDoloioE ao] o;cilg] olcorcoc ".191
ero] 1164 cruo"ers13jleol.
as.r'l aucoraf,al ftlco)ct eot(68 GootodsJoloJ. or3da6o0E
oDalda6Bod . ODlolOC(r5TDo
. o$aejloo"i).dol56BU? . olrdd laoCf)slno

r oil eilo
"l;
cn
"l
od ear:cr3 . (rlOc(/)SrD&,cO'l6,Cd
. oDc6mlosjJcJ (monoecious), cr.r:co"l"su5m5
ocgsonoE
"roccnemon-ilcnJc@osjolgg "jl1orl
(dioecious) mtmt;srr:u8 ao14i1o1ao;cmol LroaL-l1dol. ".Igorear:g3o
orlo6rx'lscxlo (6B6rnorlo cruoceoc*ldo)cm (u.rs. a, b, c) cno8e,1aoil5l9g oilcroemor;o
oceni erulsmrocaoccDoaffDl crjksBUa€ocil m)lerar56Bgloreao)ccd9] ojlcoa,ejmo o.l.rco)rd
eo)coGRc. eulg(ruoG(olccoo (r)s€olcmd ol@c ofloroi o2nrog s;cmooleasocnocorcnj crilcna
c,rr6m(dr6ilmJ ccro"sjoc6fli. (o6aB0a olorogsJolDl.

ololo6mol1')1m3sgaogo

otoc(,co6rrl .'.rocoemmloerord' d(6'l4) 6915r6rDco8, ".loccocoem;ojloo! reToloilco)Tellgp r:lcro

orolerlos .Jocomcgl eeoTB6nutoq Pgplcet€d olgolcml. .'lococo6mloI6q emcoSloi
mjl6;leo)mi (generative nucleus) L6oeo(no cleT oile*'l{ oeni (male gametes)
"..:;oeru"leeoncrd
g5rec6)cml. ronemlc<roo)omlcrj (ovary) conaoro;gp 5rccoc srcolJlcilslo (ovule) ec6rDlffl)
oo; ca,cUooorloS 2(crDco(r)cdlo to;s6crd looreotncrlo msffDc5ni r6n6rrujo 96rcc6)ffDd.
oeni aloenjleealaplo orococDcPTcotel;os etccrjJ;gf maool;gp 1re;emcrueoJlocor (embryo sac)
erasa5ocaell m16aB)cm).
nol orlo6rx"lgo irelemcruaorJlooaoro)99 (6fdsm!rulocco1 m:occorceT4] mt6{0)c6m!o (zygote)
pdrec6)cml. (u'l6rocdrruo oJreel{ ce;emoccor'l cugo;cm;. cugolcm Lc}5rrcrolcd reagemo
mroreo'l4lorcriaolcm o{)dacruccnicolo (endosperm) ooffD cocooolJ).too g5necaco8 o6rBc
o5t6rD otlo6r!"leo ru"ocaorTeo;rm;. oraoo] G. cellEl€l jlej ols'lapiloE fiuoGj(oc
"6cmco8
or)coo Gru1g or t(6.) d6B g1 erg(o)'lo'ldolo 6rc6rnlcm(o;. 6nl"l4(rueelcDo og'lemmcoS occltr]u8
cllorocco);o Grccrol ocolcml. oilco'rol oncl olgd dl('Tao odsl
"neroceolo "lce,oc61ecruccri
(o)ca,)(m).
slorc/ocaiL(o)o
 d.toc(,co6tD)

.!rocor(J)cgl

ojlo 6rtrlg66B06

adE6.Tnilo
"Ooaco!cmjc,!o

(a) (b)
ol6oro
-il{ 7.rl
eru"lgmro
eru1e mr o c corco"er 5 eon od
oDgd6ems8
. ol(Dco6IDG('ooslo ol o c tO GO 6mJ ojlelJ 5rc c
a;cm acgear:od.

. 6u1gd6BgJos o;'r'laoemo2o ronoioop

cudoor;o.

. 6m1a cru o G co) c cn oroi) m; c co nsl o "l]oflel;

,-l lLo)o - 7.15
6rcc6lcrD acgeanod.
polgoollesod - e)606l-trrlo
oroc 0l c o 5rD J rd crr'l co"l asr"l do c
o1 g coieoJrm

ml99 oro"l es46mo s"l4oJos m)or,c (0)

GOro)cos er"-Lcoioj ccncoo]. aSgcoi ao;cm
or'loroios crgol(m LeJ6mooroo)Jo cnlo'l
a*flao;.

Cor
(o)l8o8orco(rro cxjo)jqD"o) o"l ctjle gilod
crunuj eangiloS oiloroJ olg4l ocL(d)acc6mc
l{1ror5Jo8acamo (nsdolcmc;? m)mJ66139Jos
accdl a rec coeungccor cord, 6c6Truo, pel
ml"occojlao;
"6crn1cr loriorl;co8"-Lcr:morojlcti
m)c6rrEc? orcoe oocs;orrilol€oJm ilto)
"
56BgJo ero€lJojloro6morJo porcco)c(/)odsJ(6ro't

cD'lcnam56BUa o1r1eo12] mrcorcrdm5 mcoo"l

-illcoro - z.ro. pgpl - re;e"cem.uo
cotoS coorogslctrdr).
pera)P41 (Bryophyllun) co;os pacoioi
crilcmJo (" ilLoro-z.r+) p o;9 oerl u eor:1o o8 cor; o

pggl ccr) oscor)o re;ac em-u ean gloE rnlrm:o

('-r'l groro - z. r s, 7. 16 )o-rl on co oooro4 s1 a<.d

penecaSrmai LUo N1 4 cRc. ax3eil co,
a,tlc'li. p'r5). coloptri. ra u-r2 'a aerl e ecri

ro>ls6crtco m)(DJ6BBgJos ccro;ogilo8 crj)cm;o

jllcoro - z.t+. Pe.:o;94j1 Pe] ooorogls'latd opdcm;ooco;en5.
" "l2oicor
--------------- .O.l>--
a"leroca,jLcl"
78