Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PHILOSOPHICAL
THEORY FOUNDATIONS
IN NURSING
by:
Marie John C. Jardiolin RN.
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
“Environmental Theory”
• Crimean War
• "The Lady with the Lamp"
• ‘ministering angel’
• Nightingale School
Crimean War
Nightingale's lasting
contribution has been
her role in founding the
modern nursing
profession. She set an
example of
compassion,
commitment to patient
care, and diligent and
thoughtful hospital
administration.
Three Components of Environmental
Theory of Nightingale
1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
2. Health
Watson believes that there are other factors that are needed to be included
in the WHO definition of health. She adds the following three elements:
4. Nursing
According to Watson, “nursing is concerned with promoting health,
preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”.
It focuses on health promotion and treatment of disease. She believes
that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing.
She defines nursing as “A human science of persons and human health-
illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal,
scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”.
Virginia Henderson
“Need theory”
“Nursing theories mirror different realities, throughout their
development; they reflected the interests of nurses of that time.”
• One of the first nurses to point out that nursing does not consist of
merely following physician's orders.
Individual
Environment
Health
Nursing
Individual
• Have basic needs that are component of health.
• Requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or
a peaceful death.
• Mind and body are inseparable and interrelated.
• Considers the biological, psychological, sociological, and
spiritual components.
• The theory presents the patient as a sum of parts with
biopsychosocial needs, and the patient is neither client nor
consumer.
Environment
• Settings in which an individual learns unique pattern for living.
• All external conditions and influences that affect life and
development.
• Individuals in relation to families
• Minimally discusses the impact of the community on the
individual and family.
• Supports tasks of private and public agencies
• Society wants and expects nurses to act for individuals who
are unable to function independently.
• In return she expects society to contribute to nursing
education.
• Basic nursing care involves providing conditions under which
the patient can perform the 14 activities unaided
Health
• Definition based on individual’s ability to function
independently as outlined in the 14 components.
• Categorized
Nursing : nursing care
Non nursing: ordering supplies, cleanliness and serving food.
Nursing
• In the Nature of Nursing “that the nurse is and should be legally, an
independent practitioner and able to make independent judgments as
long as s/he is not diagnosing, prescribing treatment for disease, or
making a prognosis, for these are the physicians function.”
• Nurse role is, “to get inside the patient’s skin and supplement his
strength will or knowledge according to his needs.”