Important Definitions and Formulae in Integrals

1 Integral: f(x) and g(x) are two functions such that f ′ (x) = g(x), then f(x) is
called the integral of g(x) with respect to x and it is denoted by
f(x) =  g ( x ) dx.
2. If f(x) be a function and k is any constant then  kf ( x)dx  k  f ( x )dx.
3. If f(x) and g(x) be any two function and k is any constant then
{ f ( x)  g ( x)}dx   f ( x)dx   g ( x)dx.
d f ( x )  g ( x ) dx}dx.
3.  f ( x ) g ( x) dx  f ( x )  g ( x )dx - { dx
f ( x ) n 1
4.  f ( x) dx  log f ( x ) + c. 5.  xn dx = xn  1 + c.

6.  1 dx = log x + c. 7.  1
dx = 2 x + c.
x x

ax
8.  ax dx = log a + c. 9.  sin x dx = cos x + c.
10.  cos x dx = - sin x + c. 11.  tan x dx = log sec x + c.
12.  cot x dx = log sin x + c. 13.  sec x dx = log sec x  tan x + c.
14.  cosec x dx = log cos ecx  cot x + c. 15.  sec2x dx = tan x + c.
16.  cosec2x dx = -cot x + c. 17.  sec x tan x dx = sec x + c.
 cosec x cot x dx = -cosec x + c. dx = sin-1 x + c.
1
18. 19. ∫ 1 x
2

1
20.  1
1 x 2
dx = tan-1 x + c. 21.  x x2 1 dx = sec-1x + c.
x x

22.  23. 
1 1

a2  x2 dx = sin-1 a
+ c. a2  x2 dx = sinh-1 a
+ c.
x x

24.  25. 
1 1 1
tan 1
x2  a2 dx = cosh-1 a
+ c. a2  x2 dx = a
a
+ c.
26.  dx = + c. 27.  dx = + c.
1 1 a  x 1 1 x  a
log log
a2  x2 2a a  x x2  a2 2a x  a

a2 x

28. 
x a2  x2
a2  x2 dx = 2 + 2 sin-1 a
+ c.
a2 x

29. 
x a2  x2
a2  x2 dx = 2 + 2 sinh-1 a
+ c.
a2 x

30. 
2
x x2  a
x2  a2 dx = 2- 2 cosh-1 a + c.
*********** Nath’s Tutorial ************