Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TO YOUNG LEARNERS
(A Pre-Experimental Study at the Seventh Grade of SMPN 1 Banjarsari)
A PAPER
By
YUSUF HIDAYAT
2109060194
YOUNG LEARNERS
Approved by
Acknowledged by
Board of Examiners
Acknowledged by:
Head of English Education Program
To:
My lovely parents
My lovely wife
Hereby I certify that this paper is completely my own work. I am fully aware that
I have quoted some statements and ideas from the other resources and they are
YUSUF HIDAYAT
ABSTRAK
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All the
praises and thanks be to Allah, the lord of the universe. Peace and blessing may
always be bestowed to our Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, his relatives
TO YOUNG LEARNERS”, which is his paper’s title. The purpose of this study
before and after being taught by means of spoken procedure text, especially in the
The writer hopes through this experiment, he could know whether spoken
The writer
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All the
praises and thanks be to Allah, the lord of the universe. Peace and blessing may
always be bestowed to our Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, his relatives
Therefore, the writer would like to express his deepest appreciation to many
people who helped him in his study. He would like to express his great honor to:
1. Iskhak Said, Drs., M.M., M.Pd., his first advisor who has patiently given
2. U.D. Guntoro, Drs., M.M., his second advisor who has also patiently given
4. All the lecturers of the English Education Program who give him knowledge of
English.
5. Dra. Kustinah, M.Pd., the school principal of SMPN 1 Banjarsari and also for
6. His beloved wife that also helped and guided him in completing this paper.
7. His parents and younger brother who also always support him in completing
this paper.
8. The other people who can not be mentioned one by one for their contribution to
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Finally, the writer hopes that this paper can be useful for the writer
himself and for the readers in general. And the writer also hopes for any
The writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL PAGE
DECLARATION
ABSTRAK
PREFACE .................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... ii
D. Hypotheses ................................................................................ 6
iv
D. Genre-Based Approach ........................................................... 21
D. Discussion ............................................................................... 53
A. Conclusion .............................................................................. 56
B. Suggestion ............................................................................... 56
BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 59
TABLES .................................................................................................... 62
APPENDICES .......................................................................................... 63
v
LIST OF TABLES
vi
LIST OF APPENDICES
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
their ideas, talk about their problems heart to heart, teach their children and their
social institution, a matter for political controversy, and a factor in nation building
The statement above means that language is a complex media that can
not be separated from the human daily activities. Even, today in globalization era
all people should be able to involve themselves in the international society using
one of the compulsory subjects which is being taught in every school from
1
2
Teaching English particularly in Junior and Senior High School has been
Nasional RI, No. 24/2006). The implementation of the new curriculum offers
wider opportunities to the teacher to manage the whole classroom activities based
contain new teaching approach, the so-called genre-based approach. The students
have to know and learn about genres (text types). The students of Junior High
School are demanded to understand and be able to create text types like
Senior High School are demanded to understand and be able to create text types
In learning genres, the students have to learn both spoken and written
spoken and written cycle. In spoken cycle, it focuses on the students’ ability in
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producing the language orally (spoken). Whereas in written cycle focuses on the
students’ ability in writing. The last product of students is about written product.
To know about what genre is, many experts introduce and present their concept
about it. Christie (2005:233) says that “Genre is a technical term for a particular
particular text types both in spoken and written text. Therefore, genre is important
for the students to be able to create a good and functional text. In addition, Nunan
From the definition above, we can infer that genre is a meaningful constructed
form both in spoken and written, and its forms are influenced by its structures and
stages. The form can be a narrative, descriptive, a recipe, poem, recount, report
and so on. After analyzing two definitions about genre above, the writer infers that
genre is a meaningful term used to mention a particular text types both in spoken
approach has four stages in its teaching and learning process. The four stages are:
The first stage is building knowledge of field (BKoF), where teacher and students
and so on. The second stage is modeling of the text (MoT), where students listen
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the statements of short functional text, conversation, and monologue that is
of Text (JCoT), at this stage, the students try to develop their spoken text with
their peers and with the teacher’s help. They need to demonstrate their speaking
the Text (ICoT), at this stage the students are expected to be able to speak
things such as how to make sweet tea, how to make cake and so on.
Based on some research literature did in the past, the writer read most of
them investigated genre-based only in written cycle aspect. For instance, the
writer would like to show the previous study to prove the originality of this study.
The first research was conducted by Belcher (2005), her research entitled
The aims of the study is to investigate how the ESL program in Georgia State
University has applied the genre-based approach give the satisfaction effect to the
students’ writing ability and how they perceive the benefit of this approach. The
findings of this study based on the data collected from the students and the
teacher, it appears that the program offered by Georgia State University showed
the effectiveness of the genre-based approach for the students’ writing ability.
that research showed that genre-based approach had a significant positive impact
on students’ factual writing, showing gains in the control of generic structure and
Wiradesa Pekalongan”. Her research focuses on how the students are able to
create a good procedure text concerned with the social purposes of language,
human agents. The findings of her research showed that the students are able to
From the three researches above, it can be inferred that all of them had
the effectiveness impact of genre-based approach for the students’ writing ability.
But unfortunately, all those researches only focuses on writing cycle aspect,
spoken based materials give more opportunities for the students to speak actively
for language performance in daily life context, such as stated by Astuti (2009:3).
above. Based on the condition above, the writer would like to investigate genre-
learners particularly in the seventh grade of SMPN 1 Banjarsari. The writer would
Then, the writer expects that the result of this study can enrich the past
study concerning genre-based investigation, and also at least it can give a bit
contribution both for teachers and students in teaching and learning about genre-
B. Research Questions
“Is there a significant difference in students’ speaking ability before and after
D. Hypotheses
In addition, to get clear what hypotheses is, the writer refers to Burns’s
educational agents:
speaking skill.
2. For Students
It will give a model in learning English to the students who are given the
freedom in creating the text types particularly procedure text, especially in the
also helps the students to understand more about how to learn genre-based
3. For Teachers
It will give an alternative model in teaching English for the English teachers to
motivate the students’ thinking pattern to make them more active in learning
It will give a little variation in teaching style to develop the function from that
school basis management. In the other hand, teaching and leaning process
will be based on the condition and the competition of the school and the
Talking about genre, there are several genres which are currently learnt
by students in Junior and Senior High Schools in Indonesia. One of the genres is
procedure text. In this study, the writer will only take one type of genre that is
ability.
G. Operational Definitions
To avoid the readers’ misunderstanding when they are reading this paper,
it is better to define the keywords which is used frequently in this study. The
1. Teaching
2. Spoken language
Bryne (1998:8) pointed out that “Spoken language is a two way process
between speaker and listener and involves the productive skill of speaking and
expressed by Bryne (1998:8) above, the writer argues that spoken language is
3. Genre
instance of a text type”. Referring to the Christie’s definition above, the writer
implies that genre is a technical tem for a particular instance of a text type.
4. Procedure text
Anderson and Anderson (2003:50) define that “Procedure text is piece of text
that gives us instructions for doing something. The purpose of a procedure text
pointed out that procedure text is a kind of text that explains how to do
something.
5. Young learners
Nafi (2003:2) defines that “Young learners are children ranged between 1 to
In this study, the writer took the students ranged between 11 to 12 years old
School.
which includes background of the study, research question, the objective of the
method, research design, population and sample, data collection technique, and
data analyses technique. Then, chapter IV is data analysis and discussion, and
Club. In 2002 he got the first winner for the best speaker category in the Speech
Contest Program of SMK level for regency level conducted by SMKN 1 Ciamis.
2008 he got the big 10th winner of the International Youth Exchange Program
2008. In November 2009 he was elected as one of the ten of the honor invitation
guests from all over Indonesia invited by the Australian Consulate, Australian