0.CE.810 J. (a) The diagram below shows Four lypes of cells (3) Which of the above are plunt exlis? Siate TWO plant cel features that are common to the celle you have listed (W For each of the cells A and (1) suggest ONE function, and (2) state ONE structural feature, as shown in the ddlagram, which is essential for this fnetion, il) Describe the chayges in cols C and D after they have been placed in distilled water for thiety minutes. Explain your @ marks) (A oneks) (Gmarks) 0 Qe w cells A and D 1 possession of cell wall ! and large/ central vacuole 1 (21) cell A is for regulating the size of the stomatal openiny/ provides a passage for gases/ water vapour cell B is for transmitting nerve impulses (2) cell A - thicker inner wall und thinner outer wall/ kidney -shaped ! cell B - long cellular extension/ nerve fibre branched endings ' cell C bursts 1 cell D becomes turgid shows no change i water potential of distilled water is greater than that of the cells (Cand D) ! ‘water enters the cells by osmosis 1 cell C expands continuously until it burst I but cell D does not burst because of the presence of the inelastic celt wall i CE2ooce-w0 1. (b) The graph below shows the changes in ait pressusc in he lnngs of @ sian measured dusing a single breath at rest, The atmosphiedic pressure was at 760 1 Ar preseure in the lungs (mm Hg) Time(s) 0 period of time during winch the man was out air? Explain how you arrive at youn (marks) (i) Describe how the actions of the respiratory nmscles brough about the changes In air pressure ia the lungs when the man was breathing out (4 wari) Gil) Deduce the rate of breathing of the man at res (marty (iv) Copy the axes of the graph above and sketch # eusve showing the likely changes ia the aie pressure in his luags ‘when the nin is exercising, (2 mark 9 Q10) @ w@ Any THREE from 2.0 s 10 4.08 I pressure in the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure 4 ~ intercostal muscles relax ~ to lower the ribs ~ diaphragm relaxes ~to curve upwards Lad these actions decrease the volume of the thorax/ increase the air pressure of the lungs 1 15 breaths per minute (no unit, no mark) t showing a higher frequency 1 showing a greater magniitude t (no univ reference point, o mark) GE4soc 810 ( A com (maize) plant produces groups of male flowers at dre apex and groups of female flowers in the lowes parts of the plant. In a crossing experiment, pollen grains from ane plist ale Rowers of another plant, Alter fenlilfzation, each group of female flowers developed hit conn grains en a cob. ‘The diagram helow shows one side ef suels a a orn cob which bests gialts af wo gifferent colanes, prirphe and yellow % Q1C) G ui con cob srurple grains (il) oore (@Q) State the number oF yelow show in the siagrans, nd purple grune as Orang (2) To what sluple ratio do these ninnbers approximate? nar) ‘Assuming that the gcain coloor is concealed hy 4 single pait of alleles, answer the following questions (4) With respect 40 grain colour, deduce the genotypes and phenotypes of the patent plants, Explain your auiswer (Note : A genetic diagram will NOT be accept.) (6 marks} (DIF placts developed fom wo yellow grains are cvossed, what isfare the possible colour(s) of the grains in the resielting corncohs? Explain your answer (2 ark) (2) YELLOW (8 +2): PORPLEQ@3+2) 1 Q 1:3 ! singe the purple and yellow grainy occur in @ 3:1 ratio ° i both parents must be heterozygous ! purple grain colour is the doviinant character J therefore the phenotype of both parents must be purple yin colour ! all grains witl be yellow / because both parents are homozygous for yellow grain colour J GESsce810 2 @ an experinient (o stuly the effect of pil an enzyme activity, fle lest-tubes containing equal volunies of an enzyine solution each al a different plf were prepared. A Lom? cube ‘of coagulated (clotted) egg white was then added to each tbe. ‘The tuber were sllowed to stand at a room temperature of 25°C. ‘The Hime taken For the disappenauce of the cube in sacl ibe was recorded as follows pil oft enzyme solution ‘Time taken for the disappearance ‘of the egg white cube (min) re B : 2 9 3 un 4 : 45 3 “The cube still remained after 60 minutes (How i the time for the disappearance of the egg white ‘cube related to the sate of enzyine activity ? Gi At twas the enzyie most active ? (i) Suggest DVO ways 10 enable this experiment to be pleted fia shorter period of ine (iv) Hesides siating the Lime for the disappearance of the egg, (cubes, suggest ANOTHER way to measure the rate of enzyine activity In this experiment, (%) Name a region of the human al seerotes such an siayme, al which (vi) What control experiment should be carried out to confiem hat the disappearance of the egg white eubes is due to enzyme nctivn 7 (1 mario, (1 amark) (2 inarks) (Qmarks) (mark) Q marks) 90 Qa @ «i ii) Any TWO dy) ow wi) the shorter the time, the faster the rate of enzyme activity i pit2 I cubate the tubes at a higher temperature « but not exeeeding 40°C =cut the 1 cm cube into smaller? cubes/ using smaller cubes of egg white ~ using a more concentrated enzyme solution Al to measure the changes in weigh/ size of the egg white cube within a fixed period of time QZ stomach i replace,the enzyme solution with boiled enzyme solution! distilled water 1 and repeat the whole experiment J ANSsoce a10 2 48) The diagram below sh shows 9. germinating seed place 9 2 ret es 9 ete 0 90 Q20) @ to compare the growth at different regions of the radiete radicle of the seed was warked with Ink lines at 2 yin i intervals. The whole setup was put in dak out witch region of the radicle grow ns darkasss, di eg. to find gion of the radicle gro ster Blass bow. ° Gy a SUE 2 wevining | vom 1 si growth in length mainly takes place in the region oF clongation (starting from region 2 or region 3) J radicle bends downwards / (2) enable the roots to yrow deeper into the soil? (1) What he pup of king the eile of te ca (or better anchorage/ suppoxt ! with ins at equ interval? to ensure the root to absorb enough water 2 marks} (dissolved mineral salts) to reach a new source of water (1) () Drow 9 diagiam te show the cangos a the (issolved mineral salts) 1 sapesrance of dhe raele after a few dys. the radicle grows in length but does not bend €) tapas te inpotane ats Comets) (N.B. diagram acceptable) ! pm faa chest because no gravity aeting on it ? (Hi) 1 this experiment were to he carted out inside a space state ying space, wht wen be the apr the tile alter 9 few aye? Give a nates ler sr (2 warks}voce wo 1c) The diageam below shows the human urinary system tt a6 — Key anows indicate the direction of hae flaw (1) Name structures A and B, Gite ONE fonction for each (ii) The table below shows the conconteation of certain components of 10 Mulls (X snd Y) collected from (wo ‘differen regions of the usinary systema Concenieetion (@ 400 em?) Binid X iY Protein oo ao Glucose 90 on Urea 20 903 (1) Using the letters in the diagram, state the respective regions (rom which fluids X and Y were collected, (2) Explain why Qnids X and Y differ in theis concentrations of (1) protei 1) elneore (lures % Q2@) (8) (4 mari} marks) (6 warks) A- vena cava I for transporting blood/ wastes to the heart ! 33- urinary bladder 1 for storage of urine . ' () X from B/D t Y from C (also accept A) ! (2) (1) protein is present in ¥ but not in X because = protein are too large | ~ to pass throught the glomerulus! capillaries 7 (I) glucose is present in ¥ but not in X be - glucose passes inlo nephron 1 ig absorbed from the glomerular filtrate 7 (1) the concentration of urea in X is higher than that in Y becauss ~ urea passes into the iephron/ urea in nephram is not absorbed 1 ~ water is reabsorbed from the glomerular (ilteate f wos90cE-B10 3. (a) ‘The diagram below shows the feeding selitionships hetween certain organisms found in 9 woodland a—~lé springtail ae loudstools centipede exthwonn (i) Name the groups to which the Following vertebrates Delong (0) sakes 2) crows Sinte ONIE external feature whicl is charseteristic nf each group. lémaney (i) How do the tondstools and the fruit tee differ in their riethods of (1) nutrition, and Q) repreduction ? (2 marks) * ii) Referring 10 the diagrams, name ALL. (1) carnivores, and Q) omaivores tamans (iv) Name the sotationship between (1) sites and beet tacvae (2) amiter and centipedes, . 2 chs) 90 Q3@) (1) reptile - possession of dry scates : (2) bird - possession of feathers/ wing/ beak i Gi) (1). toadstools - saprophytic/ heterotrophic tree - autotrophic 1 (2) toadstools - no formation of flowers! fiuits/ seeds! by spores tree - formation of flowers/ fruits! seeds (iii) (1) centipede, mite Q) crow, snake (iv) (1) _ predation prey and predator 2) competition c4socesia (b) A scientist collected soil samples Irony Uhaee different acess in the woodland (A) stea nol sprayed with aay chemicals, {(U) tea sprayed vith chemical X (DDT) for vee yem, std (C) atea sprayed with chownical Y (aldiiny for one yoat rum eiels soil sample, the svil animals were collected an ed The results are sumjonarised in the following dlingrar Key | (MMR {1 rates apringtails | centipedes beetiefarvac fly larvne 100 3 2 7S 2 3 Zs a Bas 2 area A mea area [a OF the tw chemiveals X aud ¥, which ene is more ellective in elinsiating the 403) animals 7 Give a ceasen foe you aiswer, Ooms (iy the weigh of singin the i etiecte fn tea 8 wo de from ates A WU reese to the Teeungtttinshigy show 40 abe dagen as 3) fngests eas fo hi eee (3. marks) 43) Althoygh only veey suall quantities of DDT ate vse te ill pests Feeding om agricuitial reps, a high concentration of DDT is vsally detected Im the bodies of| Ihe pesateey bins th the district, Give an explanation for Ui 97 230) Y ! Y causes a greater drop in weight of'soil animals : ci less mites in area BY chemical X kills a lot of mites / therefore predation on springtails is reduced : springtails multiply more rapidly 1 (iil) crop plants absorb DD at tow concentration ' ~ pest Jed on a lat of erop ! - binds feed on a lot of pests ' {NE Limark for mention leeding relationship 1 mark for mention a lot of DDT accumulates in the body? cannot be remayed or excried/ not biodegradable) therefore DDT is concentrated along the food chain M&E7goce-B10 3. (©) The table below shows the averoge boily weight, the daily requirements of energy eurd cortalt untients for Four groups of people Body weight | Enengy | Protein | Vitamin o | 1100 | a) | @ | oe foo Chitren 20 1560] 30 w | 0 (4 06 years old) = Men wo | usd | 56 5 Joo (23 1050 years old) . Women 55 e100 | 44 s las (23 t0 50 years old) | + Pregnant women 65 9600 | 14 1 [4s (i) (1) Which group of people cequires the greatest amout ‘of energy per unit body weight 2 Show ory you araive at your answer, (mais) (2) Sums reat why thi gop oF peop ese mee " oe * marks) (0 How ao en afer tein een hr regain ovatgin Dt Give znson Cr ie irene fw (2 marks), (il) OF the theee adult groups, which group requlees the largest Shout of potent Wy so efenien? By (2 mnacks), (iv) Account for the difference in iron requirement heiween ron and nonjregaant women, (5 marks) » Any ONE i) 90 Q3@) @ (1) children 1 by calculation : i (378 > 162,153,149) children men women — pregnant women (2). chidren need to maintain a higher metabolic rate I in order to ~ support greater growth muscular ~ compensate for the higher rate of heat loss ! ‘men require less vitamin D than children 7 because they have already well developed boncs/ teeth . 1 pregnant women 1 for the growht of the foetus/ embryo 1 ‘women require more iron than men ! for the formation of red blood cells in the blood ’ which is lost periodically (during menstruation) 1 E2gucesio 4 {a) ‘The net carbon dioxide uptake and release frou the stem and «single leaf of a herbaceous plant were nveasured at different Light intensities, ‘The cesults are shown below 2 Net uptake (*yjnetreleaxe (=) of Aight intensity | earbow dioxide (ng em? ty (orbieasy vats) stem leat ° 10. 10 2 406 456 4 7 aa 492 6 434 10 8 444 #120 lo 450 126 (2) Ploc the shove data on the same graph Ci) Considering a leaf of 10 em? at w light Intensity of S units, (2) state the net earbou dioxide uptake by the leaf in one (2) eslevlate the aetal amount of carbon dioxide used by his leaf In photosynthesis in the same period (HI) UL) Witt ceference to te graph you have drawn, stale which organ, the stent or the leaf, is more efficient in carrying out photosynthesis, Explain how you arsive ‘At your answer, (2) Suggest TWO structueal features which enable this ‘organ (o carry out photosynthesis more efficiently (4 marks) C.nvark) (2 mack) (@avacks) Quarks) % Q4@) @ ne ape of > ene ede Gn ai) (LY Q) Gi) (LD Q) Any TWO as shown in the graph correct choive of axes (A) 1 correct labelling of axes and giving a key to each (1.) J correct plotting of 5 points for each curve (P) 2 "| pi ! (10.2 +0.2) x 10mg =102£2mg(N.B. No unit, no mark) } [00.2 £ 0.2) + 1.01) x 10mg I = 112+ 2.mg (N.B. no unit, no mark) t the feat ! because the carbon dioxide uptake by the leaf is always higher than that by the stern i more chloroplast (per tit area)/ closely packed palisade celts = more stomata! numerous air space = thin/ flat PHO Llewe B10 4 (b) Tho dingrany below shows the cate of blow Mow to certain ‘ongane of a ian acest and during exercise 12300 [aves oe Key i200. 2.000. 1500 Rate of bleed flow (om? min "*) sin aut bein Gh (LY Wiel of the cigars shown above ewesive(s) an Increase in bioed supply daring exereise ? Q) Laplsin the importance of supply (0 the organgs) in (1). iwereave a ood! (2) Suggest TWO ways by whe the increase im hood ‘supply (o the organ(s) in (L) ean be achieved (8) Which organ fing a constant blood supphy at zest an boring exercise 2. Why is a covssint blood supply to this organ necessity ? 40 Q4@) GG) skeletal muscte and skin ‘ Q) skeletal muscle = to carry more nutrients! oxygen ! ~ for muscle contraction 1 skin . = to carry more blood to surface to increase heat loss f =o help maintaining a constant body temperature TF (3)_ increased heart beat rate stronger heart beat vasodilation in the organs concerned increased blood pressure Any TWO 2 Gi) the brain ! the brain will be damaged when there is a shortage of blood su (or otlier reasonable answers) (mane) (ark) 2 ovarks) 7 2 masks}90CE-BIO 4 (@) The diagram below shows the human feniale reproductive system: B © oS (1). State TWO functtons of A. (2 marks) Gi) (1) What is meant by fertiizntion (mat) (2) Using the feters in the diagram, state where 1 toes place rs) ity Some women ere not able to have children iF structure B is blocked, It is now possible to cemedy this sitvation by ‘ip vitro ferilization”. ‘The woman fs given horsnones 3m ‘order to increase epg production, The cgas are then enioved fiom the bedy and fertliced by speu Culture solition. Thige days after feettization, an erabrye fe transferred onto structure QD; and if successful, "yest-tube baby” will develo. (4) Explain why a women cannot become pregnant if struciote Bis blocked mare) (2) Give a reason why Ht is necessary to: walt for three days before tansfersing te embrys: onto stauctare D. (7 mark) (3) Describe the role of structure Din the fusthor development of the embryo (ourks) (4) Acconting to the procedure outtined above, explain Shy the term “iestdube baby” is inappeopelate, (1 mack) 38 Q4 (eo) Gi) Gi’) Any ONE @ wm Q) a) Q @) 4) production of eggs ! scerclion ef hormones f the union of male and female gametes ‘ qs i the egg and sperms cannot reach each other + : = to ensue that the fertilized eggs develop into embryos, - to ensure thal the embryo is ready for implantation to ensure that the wterine wall is ready for implantation ! wallow the formation of a placenta/ for implantation of embryo ! for gaseous exchange/ nutrition’ excretion of the embryo / and lor protection of the embryo : the baby is, in fact, developing inside the uterus of the mother tor most of the time, ! REP8mcrae, 5. G9) Four similar leafy shoots with the sine tuonted as shown 1m the Wiagraun below leafy shoot oil water soup A leaven untvested set € lower and upper surfaces of leaves smenedl with vaseline wl af leaves were setup 3 luwier surface of leaves seared with sovetine cds saneated with vaseline The weight of each setup was adjusted 19 80 ga the bet Deol Ue expernment anil the weight uf each setup was recouded at Glintr intents, The aesulls are show an Ue graph helow oi a) %0 Boas & 2 20} “a oS 8 2 ie 20 a a Tine (hy une | shows the weight changes of two of dhe set-ups Point out these two setups aud give Uie reasuns for yor (5 marksi (1) Point out the setups which gave se ty the resulds shown by curves Ian JIL respectively (Qmvaeks! (2) By comparing these results, state the elatlve abundarice of stomata on the lower and upper opidesmmis of the Teaves Give a reason far your , @maks) (ui) Mow woul the resull of setup A be affected, (1) SCHL were covered hy a dell jar ? wo13 (2) iH were kept in davkness 7 Explain yoor answers amass)90 5 (a) Gi) setup C setup D no iranspiration occurs in botd set-ups because in C, the vaseline blocks the stomata/ prevents transpiration to take place because in'D, thers is no leaf surface for transpiration Git) @)ourve I set-up 8 curve III: set-up A (2) Deduction : more stomata on the lower epidermis Reason : I the lewer surface is smeared with vaselirte, the ! rate of water loss is reduced by more than hall? ureatly reduced when compared with untreated leaves (ii) (1) the rate of weight toss would be reduced because of the higher humidity (2) the rate of weight loss would be reduced i } 1 1 because stomata close in darkness! teinperature is Jower ! Wwor42 908-m0) ib) bean of sident ¥ ¥. hand ot ye In an experiment to study the sensitivity of different parts of the skin! {0 touch, sludent X used a felt pen to anark out an area on a certain part af the skin of student Yas showa in the diswwow bose While shulone ¥ was blindfolded, stalent X used & pin to touch gently eveey mark on the test repion Shident ¥ wom si yee AF he felt the touch. The percentage nf posites Liisa is, shen stsoat Y ond feel the tenet) was recarded. The experiment was then sepented on different regis of He shia aad ‘he results are stantised as below Region of skin Persentage of positive esponses back of hand 50 palm of hard Bs Aingeesip 10 foreaw i) Which oF the tested regions was most seusitive ta tone ? Hi} Why was student Y unable tp feel the woucle oF the pin on sone accasius darang the expesintent Hil Describe the necous pathway nat enables shuewt ¥ 10 cel the touel and to speak on iv) AC one point during the experiment, siudent X csiclesshy ‘applied 1 strong, forse on she pin and student ¥ witiehews ‘nu band fonvediatly. 41) Name this ype of response £2) “This tye of response wsually occurs very rapidly What i the significance oF thi eharacleristie ? (8) State ANOTIER chacacleristic of thls type of respons (mark) (man) (4 marks) (mark) 1 marley (mark) NS29 Q5(b) (i fingertip i (i) because the pin (stimulus) is not applied directly onto a touch receptor! nerve ending J (or other reasonable answers) (ii) touch receptor stimulated 1 serve impulses pass along the sensory neurone, ! and via the relay neurone 10 the brain where the sensation of touch is produced ! and then nerve impulses are sent from the brain via the motor neurone to the muscles responsible For speech i (iv) (1) reflex 1 (2) avoid danger immediately! provide immediate pratcotion ! 3) inbor learning not required involuntary! not controlled by with stereotype fixed response Any ONP 1 NS3‘ poce ao 5. {e) The disgran below shows a corner ef a supeunatket ‘The Foods shows ate preserved by different ethos RIGERATOR Keep Door Clases SOKO pons sn noes ns (i Lip State PWO aethads of preservasion usod for these Thode sl sous the foods preserved by each nyetboul (a amicesy (i) Biietly explain the biological poiaciple invelvell in each of tie miethds en tiene in (D Qninkst (i) Give TWO teas why impenpelly preserved fnndy are hot suitable Far hua consumption, (2 wars) Polo MIRCO-ORGANISMS 2 ENVIRONMENT 5 (e) (i) dehydration - mitk powder, dried mushroom, spaghetti, baked bean reltigeration - ice cream, cheese, butter, Iresh milk canning - baked bean, milk powder adding preservative - baked bean, cheese, butter, ice erea powder Any FWO pairs (N.B. 2 examples of food required lor each method) Gi) dehysration - without water, microorganisms cannot grow refrigeration - low temperature inactivates the microorganisms/ lower enzyme activity in microorganisms, ‘cumming - bacteria are killed by healing’ scaling the ca in vue prevents entzy of microorganism OR depleies the sat oxygen for further growth of bacteria aulding preservative - prevent growth of micraorganisins Ay TWO (18) change in quality of food (smell, laste. texte, apenas ele i clanger of food poisoning/ harmful to the body : M&e1