CLASSIIC RE.

PRIINT SIERIIES

THE HINDU

REALISM

B,ei!1g an ].Introd.~ .. uetion to.' tbe.=-. M .. e.~t~hysjjc.s.of the Nyaya- Vaisbeshika System ofPhllosophy

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T E HINDU REALISl\{

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HIN

THE

U REALISM

nEI~G

AN rxrnonuo [ON TO THE METAPIIYSICS OF THE NYAYA-VAIS E~HIKA SYSTEM OF PHILOSOPHY

BY

JAGADlSHA C ANURA CHATTERJI, B.A. (CANTAB.), VI DYAVARlnHI,

DiR~CTOR OB TBE R(,:B£OLOIHOAt. A!O'D H&l:IKAJl,cn P.Kr"R'I~Z:NTJ

KA91I~1& STATE.

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OONTEN1.'S.

PAGE. iii

Lis of Authorities and Sources

All habetica! list of abbrevia tions used

ICe to the pronunciation of Sanskrit words

In roductory-

. (a) General

(b) The Three Standards ...

Re lism-

A.-The Analytic Aspect The Nine Realities The Pararnanus

"

Akasha

ix

xvii xxi

1 ... 10

...

19·94 19 21 47 53 54: 61 88 93

95-151

95 100 102 110

. .. 123

...

The Five Bhutas Kala and Dik .A_tman

~ranas

Principles Summarised

,

B.-The Synthetic Aspect

...

".

1. No First Beginning

...

2. Orders and Grades in the Universe

3. Man+his constitution and achievements

4. Re-Incarnatlon

5. Hierarchy of beings ...

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6. The ral purpose of the Universe

rAGE. ." 124-

7. Alter: at.ion of the universal manitestatlou ... 125

..• 128

9. "Not ing new under the Sun" ... . .. 128

10. Meanlng' of Progress and 'Philosophy or

His Dry' 130

11. Begin inglessness of knowledge 1:31

12. 'Life i suffering '-its meaning ...

13. Only ne way to Peace and Freedom

14. Necest lt.y of realising truth

15. Quall cations needed tor Realisation

16. thod of Realisation

Ooncluslon

Notes

Appendices

... 132 ... 133 ... 133 •.• 137 ... 138

151 ... 155 ... 177

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In the fo lowing pages" 1 have made au attempt to present the main metaphysica~ doctrines of two of the Hindu Seho 19 of Philosophy, the Vaisheshika and the Nyilya, cons ituting what may be called Hindu Realism.

The atte pt has been made after I have tried, during my residence at Cambridge, to understand and assi III ila te tl e Eu ropean attitude in matters philosophical and the 1 urcpean mode of philosophic thinking.

I have n t made any explicit comparison between the Realism, or nyother phase, of European thinking and the Healism of the Hindus; but I have always kept the European i eas and attitude before my mind, sa as to make this resentation of Hindu Realism intelligible to the ,,7 estern reader.

Althoug written as early as 1824, and with insufficie ut material before him, yet the Essay of Colebrookc] on the Nyft a-Vaislreshika is still perhaps the best work on the subj ct in any European language. But excel1ent as the essa ~ is} Colebrooke wrote it as a philologist more -than philosopher; and I doubt very much if a

PREF AO E.

• Ueing my hesis , ... ri.ttell as all • Advanced Studcnt ' of the Cambridge UI)jycr ity. Its publication bas been greatly delayed as I have been wa ting to add to it at least two more parts, namely, on the S[ulkhya nd the Vedanta. But pressure of other dutios has as ret left me 10 time to accomplish this although, in so far :J.S the Sankhra is COl cerned, I have dono it partially ill my I{Hllltmil' Sh(livoism which is lOW in the press and will be very ::;!tortly publisbed in the KGslllni,' S l'ies oJ 'l'extll Hlld Stltdie~ edited by myself.

t Republis ed in 1878 in • Essays.' Vol. 11.

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Western student of hilosophy can at all get from it an intelligent idea of th Hindu system.

And if the earlies essay on the subject is not, nor was perhaps intends 1 to be, a rational presentation of the Nyaya-Vaishc::;hika system, neither is the latest a reasoned statement 0 the case. For r am equally doubtful if, by reading Pr f88S01' Max Muller's account oI the system, a European student of philosophy can form an idea as to the -easow or reasons why the Hindu Realists held, and d hold even now, the metaphy.')ical doctrines which are t iugbt in their system."

As for the tran s a tions of origin a I Sanskri t works on the system, they an hardly be understood by anyone but those Orientalist themselves who are, or must be, already well acquain ed with the Hindu mode of thinkiug and Hindu tenni iology.]

In regard to thes translations Dr. Thibaut says :--

" Indian Philosop ry would, ill my opinion, be more readily aud widely a preciated than it is at present, if the translators of ph losophical works had been somewhat more concerned to throw their versions into a form less strange and rep Hen t to the 'Vestern reader than literal renderings Ir 111 technical Sanskrit must needs be. "-(l.'hibaut's tra slation of the Shri Bhashya, P: x.)

Thus it happens t at there is hardly a single presentation, in a European 1 nguage, of the metaphysics of the

* !\jax Mi.iller'~ ~ix ~Yi:itews of Indian Philosophy, 1899. Reprinted 1M3.

t Translatiolls-NyayOl ·lltra.s, Boob I-IV., by Ballantyne, with extracts frow the Vritti ; V isheshika Sutras in English by Gough, in German by Rocr ; Turka angraha by Ballantyne, Dha~bfi-P3rkb. by Roer.

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Nyaya-Vaisl1e~hikn which would enable the reader to understand properly the re sanin!] by which it is supported. This honour I vent re to claim for the present a ttem pt, w hie h is made y me not as a p h iloIogist, or au oricntalist, but us a stu lent of philosophy.

(a) The first claim th n in regard to the originality of the following ages is that they contain a ,'ational presentat on, for the first time in a European lnnguag J of Hindu TIealism gene1'ally.

(b) And in regan} to sp cial points, I venture La think that the following are presented for the first time in an intell igible £ rrn to a Western reader :--(i) 'I'he idea of he Paramfin us-an idea which is consider d to be the most characteristic of the yaya- Vaisheshika,

(ii) The idea of Kala.

(iii) The idea of ik.

(e) In addition to the e claims to originality, this presentation of Hi OU Realism also includes :-

(i) A fuller (tho gh not exhaustive) statement, than is to e found in any other work in a Europeai language, of the arguments given ill 51 PPOl't of the lUman from the Nyaya-Vai heshika point of view.

(ii) A fuller and more intelligent presentation of the" Sy ithetie Aspect" from the Realistic sta dpoint.

I have confined mysel to the explanation of the main doctrines only as ta ght by K3JJ.ada and Gotama, and have left out several of the minor ones, such as that of I Samavaya,' which s peculiar to the Vaisheshika

2

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and the oy to its notion of causality; i.e., the relation between .he producing source and the product. I have also left out entirely all the later ideas; Irut I have given so e of the recent reasonings which have beeu advance on the subject by living and genuinely Hindu thinkers to meet objections Lased on European thought,

In p 'esenting Hindu Realism, I have placed myself in the p sition of a Realist and a genuine follower of Kanada and Gotama. To write and speak as though one ful1y believed in the doctrines one bas to present has heel an ancient Hindu attitude. It was in this attitude that the great Vfichaspati Mishra wrote on almost ; II the schools of Hindu Philosophy.

I sub' oin herew i th a list of the author i ties: mostly in original Sanskrit, which I have consulted and referred to in su port of my interpretation of the system.

I ha e left out a11 consideration of the C history' of the sy tern, or of its literature. European scholars have written on the subject; but as they have written with the r OWJl notion of the H philosophy of history I) au d witl pre-con cep tion s w 11 ich are Pf.lCU liar to the Western min ,the history as conceived by them can be, from the Hin u standpoint, but partial truth (see pp. 130, 131 and 155. Still it serves all practical purposes and I have the 'efore refrained from touching upon the subject. But the ist of the nuthoriries subjoined is so arranged as to give ne some idea of the history of the system in so far as its present Iiterature is concerned."

'" For a history, from the Westerrl standpoint, of the system, see also Intro uction to 'I'harka-Sangraha, by M. n. Bodas, in the Bombay S uskrib Series.

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In this connection it may be just noted that the age f the existing works is no guide to the age and 0 'igin of the system itself (see note 5), The Hindu regard the whole of their Smri ti literature, to which the Dnrshana-Shflstra (their ph ilosophy) belongs, as a ranch of learning in which the meaning only is of importance (artha-pradhann) and distinguish it sharpl from the Vedas or Shruti in which the words or sound are of importance (shabda-pradhana)." They can theref re see how it is possible that the Smriti literature, while etaining the meanings or ideas, bas yet changed its form again and again, and how it is also possible that t ie Shrn ti, in so far as it is preserved I has retained its very words and sounds. In these circumstances, they hold that any system of their philosophy as a system of thoughts and ideas may be much older than t ie existing books in which it is now contained.

I 1 avo given most of the references in the foot-notes; but "here a reference has needed some explanation I have ivcn the same in notes at the end.

A the notes are often of the nature of textual criticisms r elucidation of texts, and can be needed to justify my st. ternents to Sanskritists only, I have left many a word rid passage untranslated.

COLLEGE, CAMCRIDGE, Mareh 1908.

J. C. OHATTERJf.

• I ot this idea (rom nne of my teachers, 1'1. M, Pauulb Chandra-

kin tn al'k:i I ll.flkara. • .

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Ii. e the above but of th ton gue turned 11.

b

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ancie Pera la as to th

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THE

REAL

-IND

DUCTORY.

p. 131 ~nd. p. 11'.

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reasoni in tllPir S\1P t bei 19 ~t.. n 1i hed,

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In S u krl~ Phllosop y ha been but it i n.t.

Sa:nu ri a mn D h 81 1'. I .

for phil 0 hy ~ iUS on h~1'; ra, '''' 11 Co.' ne

. t.he tciSIl e of

in rega d to either or t.be I 0 kind

named Ol"P- i na me 1 Y j hose em body 11 \'t h at mall

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xiste ICC

TI is ia :.1100 t e J hn ma mim;HilE"~ or Knrrnu ..

~,i \J e :!'O ha 11 -er er to t I DI L:n rma-mi j n. msi.. t:.

nt i nal dell' n~LI· ti n 0 p roposi tions i l-cgnrd

o rut 1$ about rhe tu (ltL. ental nature f tllings hid n J iul shoLiM (,,1l1L h ~ 11" 'pet cxperieue I to he

hsol tf!l rem] f In nnrl a bsol tely In ..

impl luh di , hil

rnn Til cd :\[ok let phYB;ca

11 rl tiler

t.l us; the

Tnth-fl-mim,1 Sl~L. It \Vc shnl) call it

'·eganl [mE\rll&!

_ HI (tmp\iC!il).

e lin I) DIJ'DIIm I!oou

I I

xt-book 01 thi 5 b rBr her i\le~phys Ic~d Trn l' DS e Dhai ma-m 1 miril81 h a d a p rtieular meta.phy~ ical VI hleh e shall sea pref?~ nIJ sAs to :\Ieraph ysi c nl :PI I j tflEJO h

( .(

as sMO'Ollfl usi tl W 1 lch is. as win be. sao.. seen,

th i t u~llnlly hears i 0 co

he 'Vest. I)

re several of theee nc I bu t

Iundamentnl, Thei]: n

(l) VSi9hc~hi (2) Nyny~ (3) Slthkhya,

(oi) YogA,

atl J (5) Vedan ta.

The 0 e r! nrc regarder] MI A

I b Ll 81" i IU lOU ~ of t.h&:!'ie (I v •

Ae. is, ell-known, tile r uudm el I"EI FI: 11 Y repre ... sen t., in can ed pu rely fh earned, ~h re8 sya el

{I) Vaishe:;hi aSibe:;Lhik ,

{2} 86. r. k II s» ug &I\d (3, Vedi!.nla .. t

----~~~---4~~-- __

,h. I. 1."'. :rf. V, 1'. 1\. II! Bile L5 I [, ~. Ij. lL 1,

ai Y shown

ATC COila lOlI0\"f8 ~ Ayn.-Va.i.

.!Ieq,

Vol. t, p.. tlB r tW. Drr su, p.

{

'hust in 1'8 IitYI 1. le SyB 1nS of th Hin con i dered :l$ ed as fOl"

d S8rles i fI three grei t d-Ps of mi n s, i ftel

al) capac i t es and

H' u ean.c.pUtI.n or phUolO:Pb.r and up.. tlJn 'Pl"doonoep.. r.lon of the UtarJU!ii.

Vt:f 11y held b gen ral precUll 31"8 aha ho\ jua to B i p onceptione of the , the Hindu. one eo th L

a r ady hinted

1 de R liul Lain ideas \ s mny be iadu mind ...

Hi no I1S v rea.90 iCj~

sa tisfaetor. \Vi tho t) os here. I shall fi t to be the c r -Elipondi g ind; and t e j ue* gi e

Inay 1M n by

re 1 iet. T 0 Mts 0 r

be seen. is. eLrical y

o BIB FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:. -.~ob.DI1

I I I I I

( 6 )

It seems to a Hindu Lha t \Vestern fi ude n ts of hi8 h Y :Rt.art gencl·.'lt Iy wi til the to llow i g p re-su pposi '1' ieh 8l'"e ap pareu tly assumed a!!! es bl ished [acre :

(I) Man C3.U never k now' ~fe ta hysi ca l Tra t h di !(:t ~~r~r ienee, in tlte same ~ay, ~1· i nstance, ell k nOW sense obj rots. A uti, L her fore, Af et::. ph 'f ~lt::ti can I D. t best. be bu t. matters tp~ula.tiou m re inl tl"eneM 01' 0 nl y haserl On fait

(2) E \'80 if it be conceded j 8S 'Lh t melt nlny perhs ps kll o~". I.heo;e t d j ect e_'{p~rj euee, ye t the re has been h known them in th is fashion. (3) Thel1~Jow ~ bei n~ rna 'litete 0 pure spec loa I varioua !C! iools of Hi nd u p b iloso h y. 1 i ke nny s u la t'L VC 6YSl.emfi of 'he 'Veti t, Ulile be mu L ually e d i tot." and if n ny one of the lJl be t UC, t h8 others fa.lse. As agai list these. the Hi nd II pre nceptions are (l ) Man ca n kuo In MeUL ph ysic Tru ths, 1 i ke

o er U-U l hs, by diJ'~t e:tperi tnc6, nd llO t mere s cub. t.l0n. by i n£el"$ nee, or 1..1 r til. i2) There IUltll Wen men in the past who hav own tho ...,h010 truth of 0"' r n.(\lll and existeec ...... II as thtl t of dlC'1 Un i verse an u; wh le,

sort 0 I possi ths some da

lVJ

These men are k n On'"11 WJ l.ll~ his, uoction, loay be t..rBf.I$l~ ted a'S [j (3} ,\ rid. it is by k no" j ~lg Me-LA d i ect e sperience Llljlt SOIDe o( t ho

t m LO tbe Hindus.

II ie h taunt i fec.tcd S8el1'i." bye icn 1 'I'r 11 eh I~his have t

"t; eM. K;\-, Ad~ Bl". S.id .. (1OlCb. t 8et: Note 1jI~

e zm n DIJ'DIIm 80011.:. •

ysi(!lIl Jaifh* hnv(.t

alisad

( 1

(4) u t \11 e lii~hi$ hn ve ugh t. the Mel

L.ll:!li 1 OL a d ogmo'lS. to be re i ved .uel"ely by 4 tio al d emcnsuution. 'bat is LO uy I oust te by t'f!MO n j ng91 tl tr~,ilis, nl read: them as tel"a or ..J i rec tun posi ti n~ expot And it!; til hi raLionlJl d In on Sl.rnt ion of ''CaM Ili 'I,. t 18 1 netaphyslc Phi I Ofi.C>p hy eeord 1 n g to d

, th-orefOJ'f3t is by reason i lIg

~ lia by Lhem . h~ all

l toe

toll! :

J JI. Pl_.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I

-.~ob.DI1

I. I

IS) Philos phy lend ~ the

( 8 )

1'. .p. 1 i C,h..a~ g" v 1-

e zm n FDfZ(I!Im I!oou

1 II I

on.

S of teaeh~ bcdy o] by direct ental .y&are there:ther form I i which~ it a S\elDS mag

t 5 andarda or

SUI n tl ards 0

go!'ld d e:11 Ol

ledge Or kn well AA the 1 anrl wllich B i r: dependefl e

'l't:\t 1. fonning: n g entirely ,IU U 01" less con Rceon tl y tl no fash ion I ~netl tal basi Hesnys:-

j~ The 10

more have 1 \'~'V tnken y bch iwl the ·n ,vhnt m.ay h la ~.~ ~ri n41 fnt !l'''tly in f!"Om \V h lell

(

d indeed do, &L\\1 ul e n C8 Iled theoretiea 1 k n w· y i m porzauee, t11ey ~ as ne to the same p mel L c:~ 1 f nbsclute freedcm nd

I ei. r d i lIeren t systeln8 as

series has not. n

It was known J in :n. l 0 rfl to Fred, von Se hleg l. ~ 11 er caine to real i:se 1 in n ised the one fm daof Hindu PhiloElio hr.

the vari Ol1S ~l;ite~~, the I wi ~h Lhe tL"lllh of the and othe rs I.h at t hel • S terns a com 1 non fun

" popu I nr ph ilcso ph t a. 01 tho 11gb t <J n r] lnngu gel und ill tbe (li&lnni st, nJ I 0 woo to t! r:' 'v (or h i$

ke r phi oso di tnnt or h think r t

T z

Qtog'n pUl"POS

'Vilile thu tho! idea

E'I rnpean 1 0 [

Q ua te nll&ln n 1\( e, ~

!tho\'V how til i f ~ t al •

ocm-ni tnte R si gle und gra llo'" tho r III uS Co11l ~ L 0.1

ntirtly ll~l known nm ng

· ,th e 1'43 has been no eknow. by ;'Ul}" ~ ... rite to

11 e d i II f'roe] I t system s

1y adv~u1CjnR series or tify their position, ~et

, P[.I. 'iCl2 amI -:!oa,

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I I I

( 10 )

ntai 11 ihilt it cent be: i ustl li.ed, and 11.0 ld of t b ei r Ph i IOlWphy is not. est es.qent'~l '0 a proper u nde 1'81;1 n various :!II)~stema. 'i u g St.I!l e, for fu ~ure eonsid era tirm I t h ia cla'i us an tak i Ilg t.hB POSL 1 ion for gt'U Dted I le \ w ba~ t e th rea stand :lrd1;. roolly are,

)- Tu E; Tult EE. ST ;.ltDAJ't.o.s.

Sa M kr l. wonl £01· wi. at 1 h nve ealled a Strut sophy i P r asthl·nn... I~i to rllll.r lranslated it U'I

f orth, or 3 E=ieUioS OU L. 1 t mny also he I'en etruldp 11 r. or road. ...\ lid, ;fI.S st a! ed a bov~ L e 1U'l.1 0 .ly zhree :stan dart! BOt' P rool.hlnM. firnt 8t. 11 d:2. 1"( 1 is msa 11 t e i I her for n bsol u te ne.1'8, that i s to SilY t (or stud en l1I ~ n in tell igon t, bu L a~ yet phi losoph

1.)' 11 nl"Miecti !l81 Or" a.t. :loy rate uot I ; Of FOI" those ot.he t\'f. ae una\) 10 0[" un bu t the TJ ."((tt ical truths of rnetap hy I.i.s !Ual Ld ard I.ltkes up the Un i verse

to Ii I (\ mind, that is to 8ay, as it is f d in :911 ee and chRn~ing in time, wil.h 11 in it a real tbi ugft a nd aU tl1 C q 1131 j tjes of as in he n tin the m and. DoL as sameth i ng QJ: ~FliLl n merely L D 1110 m inrl o.F ~h~ pe rei p des, of cou me, any LI. i ng of "be nahl re of

enl 1 tho psyc ha-d yn3rnigm 01- polyooym

the.' t 0 etnndn rrls ami bns ear tai n 1y DOtll i n i deali rn, It is n;t\l ve realism, PI'" and sl ~l ism, hia standard has reduced the in

e zm n FDf1'D1Im I!oow..:.

-.~ob.DI1

II I

("omple..'lii:ity 0 '1' he red uctio ex peri sneed the n nalssi.~ 0 til i~ stand poi l t,

rl'hen I \Y h t U1.iver&e. n t of rhese 11 II thing that 0 'I'hese thiug , ~~nlitie9, ilt C

'rbey arc no

, 11 )

Iiries. and .31' let ~ rrom

t re infinLLe ~ .j l, to tllese. nin n ully tic as pees 0

existing. cleady ill m 11 l ho standa 1" Ar'.'lm b'l a-v In t.wo namea C (L hBOl utel y n l wh i le tho existence 0 'Linn. For th II the 'c ahmys ill 1 not the c fOl"ming nn £acton~

a. ve no 80tt 0 ken or as n

tion ! cut 01 (lO!1US ' th o d rodueed ~ be

11 t staud ard · bnt creation i a: of dl i ngs on sh oni Ilg them (.I' [

n ions, i r 't were ( , not out 0 E nobeen cl rna 111 s ou ld be borne I Lhi~ ld I thnt

n. Sans; rit, IS '} e ~~L 0- the. doctrine of tI n t ng Ing alisol u no 11- net ual rodueU'c ,hn l cnll

i~tinB

Aft su g g nal seh 015 Fi nudard h l-ongs II if' an~t

d trines hel s hools HI y l iu a ,.,;el :set cle['tl ell etl

w 11 be o i"L!ilii I slH .. n a;l n (] &0 on.

The &; COl

2 )

tl ere ale

a! deals eh fly witll

J \·8:Fi. TI 1\ '" 11 i 18 th two

8 Rpnken of all miller p aerie l, ~ll third Ilm'p. .. heo ti..nl; .c\u{l "." nl:)' 0 jeri n·j th th t J eeret i en 1 oct riles,

his stand Lr lJy 'he name third

·she~b ika, l;CCP mention lh oth r me 11 bel's,

Ilenlism, 1 en 1 is e S ndard ~

r the Jolt

ishe"hika, and Mn .es it

f u r' her. t rsd IJ ces han nc 11 ti mate

r e ti ties of t1 e eal i stic Sj" wm, on y h'l"o.

d ard the ni e f!eaHtie 81 goth 1· but

th they I r t final. I aeee l"FI: tl m as

t kes up th ana t tluJ poi nt w he

p.

31i1·1:ID..

It '& ows how on ltea 1 i ti C' remai ua. f or , ... hile ou of the Q he

01' fncLe

l~ )

they ore: 11 •. princ:iplcl:i.' T I. t is to ifS of "he Ii ~L !II; n dard, ySJCH l J·ese::. c hes n the i th the atot r.!i 01 . deals, TJI

nro Bay, Vel'V

•

Veet

with hese

u rees I hat a ile they a ill3ny way mite units,

nine Realiti

as the LWO

lytic aspect ~ as

nrHlc.l'd ~ -COt n In g tile

icr. TLc on I '& andan

et W]l ich i :.11 ssemi It is

t or "he rtl' t, on y it 8ho\ S, 118 red t.h IIISS are ~ but hom the

hose t lings .) I. ienl, ~lIch

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I

( 14 j

ns t.h ughts, i ~,r 1 ings, and t;1tIl:ge gai.n ever d. i ng Inn ter i 1.

T ern lla.$ b en In ell co fusi

the e ac L. na tu 01 Lh i stu n ard. rna-

l8T :.~, I f rom th e men I and psyc deal! ILl! at i sny I

from I h jugs I j c h 'e ot the f! ature ot uglus,

ideas and feeli. Igs. ut, It spi 01 this a tl Prof.

Gnrb I WJLO is perha Iii the mID holar in who Ins made a thn uGh tudy or the Ji

th is and nrd, :uJ ye take t i 1. be a fur 1 of mato-

e JOt' phy-

sio!o beca (;11th

who

auer

bOlO OOly

01 II) FDlJ'Dllm I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I

are no\ form ( 0 u t of l -ex 1 Stl g ma inls, as

te I y 7!!!!D creatio t hn t tlJ t prod u h a1 r y ez i B\.

ynnmic out r In this r rom t e seed,

in pnte-nLinl fm·n! I tho o i lual

pri) e pte. T110Y sim 1· unroll II msel po n i ttl fl,tnte fle. 8 t 'I'h t is La sny~ fron cr t d buL evolved ;

in tenliaL state. 'rl

'fl.; ay be tra nsla Le tll e s nnd nrd may be It i so called &t-kA of t

r vie, • thin d n' hnt i vel ve al rea m: J:S ts l'ef ore its c4111 ed Pa ri r;u\l n- vAd R.

B tbe d rjne 0 evolu n ; and

alled th evolu <mist 8 ndard, s, the octrine Li at for 1 pI lor

iere RI'5t ns me toned be 0 ,tw mum

ron u ed bY' I.ti ~h i 8! b on,s1 11 g bi s st ndard ;

Aflkhyn devote y to he oCl:p it.ion of

trinea of the 1:1. a dard \'r 1 le the Yogn eeuples

m OBit ly with tl con aid r t i on r t.he '"l1C'~icl1l

U'e h d hy which th truths (tbe d tri Oe9 ....... nn be

ns d h'ceL ex shn 11 til eref e ~ rpfer

el.a.odnro :te in g Y .a only

w h t 1 t is neceasary. T re final Rtnnd~u

1he tw . Like

the n:.lysi of the poi nt at t,lJi stnn.l or tile atter to in i ls eali 1188

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I

-"~ob.lII1

II

Wl 1, ~ ie firBt, the tl.ird Or irs] discnrd the fimHngs one or tile twu 11 an .10 t. he allfiol n lei y which, while it. is

gives as L but it. presents 8 ~yn Ie! i1lly til e same rlS t ha , wi t11 such d i tTere ncea n 1 11 al y tic vi e wit pl'tf;ell fieal i ly it le..,ch es is r.1 shows how the nnd must be but a

a es and forms/ i.e., bject i fled. That is

ts on d the same thinB

i.t is, 'et appears as many, • en ieep s It may, therefor~1 po yon m sm. lu Sanskrit it. i!l e doctrine of prodncti

remains whtl.~ it is

• Br. SI e., p. 1.

n n standard tl

f e ~cond;

roeogn i 60d ~ but that i

from one Itm looked

the

Viva r ta- \,~;1t which tho 0 e brings nb . d8r~ that.. is Qrr gi tl at i. ng polyonymi

tern sense d 01 the VIl v rse~ t eousis t8 I' of

-.~ob.DI1

II I

r nne. II DB they re ttl I d-",hic I are, u and mnde shin III by t e one t tll ese id ens, .... }l i e rm i ng, om 0 Q poi n 1-

etern al SCr i 6;. e under no c i l U mstan ,part

o tile one and a J te 11 ea 1 i I.y. (SMj 11 OWeV{l ~ Note 7,

b Jour).

slarerl • bDYC~ by I he refer a I 0 to tl is stand

Hindu

Dpe and me-orlile PMtil(il;ln of dl.l PbUOBO-

here m.lCli ••

ceived

1 t is! therefor , nyu rp(]S() b re to II a ke fI n

aurl . i u(l.1 doctrin

•

or I indu lcu!llJ;m

ash inn as 10m. i ntell gi ole to the

denr.

ln mnking th s a tel

dearly as I CI d

which are n

ttempt of this j 2 such

\Teatetn

cu'ines

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm OOU

I I

-.~ob.DI1

I I

zm n FDfZ(I!Im I!oou

I 1 I

tna nerdi tits

t Sbndpoint.. hat 'Thiel. e call as SU!. tot! be ore, of D,; n cl:-l:MeS th the t F va ri us propert s and

sh p 1 ka tuC}' are e Hod Dr.J v S • \V c

hy nenli ti es E,. t it ics, II U t JtOt

1 i theHo been do ne. The na.mes t li t.ies are ns rollo~v:-

!n j (I i.IPa of oss th ing ,vb ieh

1 crete an c 1 81 percei ved by the Each of tl ese minim is an and change C!;$ Reality w h ich ~ iLud~ tcha.te er and is 11 ed an r 4"\ Parnmt, ~ r. ~ \Ve slt n l'efer

s nnl.lJ_\us.§

GramA l} 11!:1i 1 ve b (1 n lrnnsl.n ted as :.. tom!] h ich is

m i slead in, II ntom8 ns C lee; ved by istry ure t 1 n gs l: i th 30m. rna rn i (ud e, w h

s 3L"e a &s r! ·th01lt lUI y Of) Ilifud.

n.- apldial4 An nll-

A

l nins class ( ) Four el

ALISM.

N A 1. \"TIC A s et,

bsolutely a Parim:

9/NI.

~y'" SIIl.t IV, I i . ".i!3.; IV. u 1 M Note B.

estern e Paraat.ev.!,.

j g Conlin u u * called kAsh~

tra nsl ated as Ethe r;,,-r a Lhough, . ut of .. dew ~ t d 08S no ~eli.!is

I Sell!. .Note ..

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:.

I

-. fot-aottmhoooh.Df1

II

20

rUea a~ the E the." of ks..

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I

-.~ob.lII1

I I

(

'Vhnt it te, y nruJ

J

1.1u:. n'"orrl 11 U

.x :ted)·! (Inn \V i 11 11 B SIPPU 'r 1 en \Te com 0 to fl i ~ ss t lle ,1 0 :lol'e ad,,'arl(' 1 in fiUrrOl't ur itEO: ext teuee. The Jl~. 1 i t.ic st..'\Jldn rd !=OI' P po 18 tho ex ifoi.l-ell ce f t~ I ~ n.~al j tics by i o"u

I ine of re fling: which \fiU w he

th

explained.

l"t.a.i n fact!) 11 People Ina nature, bu or these, These tn:ly I \1

h. tJii f ~t't art Q nIl i isputn as to their u ot their e~'$~ence I e~ peri enee Mmr:- by refOlll, be cnllei]

uledi

enns

Now! as FH e sensi b le ex perien es II D

ndou dly ~i$~ SU ~he arc arul must be nthar

IIfm:1 d ou tiC or 0 U I"'$eh s ns i ndi ~id unl expen n CE"~ ,.... i h sueh elll: p t nee!!! are prod lu:~ecl ~ J r we tl i gs colleci i\ e tlie ~e!lRihre wo ld or , nn aeeoun 0 OU r expel ien dug tl m by

l Ili sensible worM d and

outsid 9! oJ us ns ex \"forl d &t.em I to ex iet \-0 it so. Only, so -orl d as e.xifili 11 is{ ou ·ide j s hat lV h~L real I y ~~ i ts nre siens, l lint is to SilY. U reo.)is the8B alone which

mere nly 0 '\Tn i t~,s and irn u hjec:l v L.h r gs ; ~Ild tho

Iii the sib e world, wllie: •

nt ex S cl1e wJI.atel·ert ~

lore fcu'e. h ["IS t1 0 i fI ( m etb i ll8" llpll:n~: fro

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou II

-.~ob.DI1

II

( 22 )

pe ene -OUt 0\'11 id t b lJ'tl. There is, n 1 e1( te fL sorneth ing di es fl.S i ndi vid a] 51 we have R .. he Iollowin

in d i v i d ua 1~

o.fht!!J· thtUI ou r ow 11 e pressi on!!;· Th is ea fI n it. S8 Il$i ble \.l'orhl w II ic and ou tside, 011 r On' n reh ieh the ssnsi b le IflJ at ,hi e is so \'1"9 m us

(a)

iF

xnet 1y U 10 sa h are purely s "0 elC periences W iieh 1 ve, l.Jj eets to 'l' h i h they orb ie h they nre e PCI i I res neer + 'rhat l y u b·

oulairle respond hncl b~'

jectil"o wi ~hou~ fill ." e 0 j t8

nobody But. how • 0

that the nr no utside objeo ing to eli bj rive lretl.m~? lL is know til s b cau we do JI ot pe

again m wnl ing. Ilut, if our I' lie \;'" i ng bat o bj ts es. peri snc

Live dre ot exist spa rnl!'

e_'tpr'tie 1\I,;S urc:ause '1.1 y a

pereelv $. 0 jects in wuk u ~!It it

rDn{)W~ ha r. hn i~ ex peri ell docs· exl t:n I'rt rom our expel il

can say LHtt A ~iOt exist..

1JCttet vc as 13, Ily j f we kno

13 pe rcei .ed ! B e~ ist.

to i:'f:r:!t. M'I rv, li. n 31-. N,J mJ.i'~t:t- :J.r:I(l Ny ill. " ,(Ion I ... .g.

I SL'!':: If'O~ l\l~

e lin I) FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I II

_. foraDltom1.noh.lII1 I I .-.,-----

t.he 8JI:; sten

cei .. ·-ed Lbe exi Uleanlli theil" e

( Thall

11 regard t se nsi iah \. percep i01l9 a in gu i ahed from ina tions.~ l' h is sib e if h~ sensible t.h Lug

o "' call thut

D.L ,11. and v.u.r • . t . 118,)

,., IV. n. ::t1'j C

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:.

I

ny

to

-. fot-aottmhoooh.Df1

I I I

m:rretsnee be-tweeD H 1 n d It a. n d West.rD RMlls~.

For all mld uoed I 0, L he pendent of, an e xperi e nee!!! or

A nd .i fit ex s

i. l!. , SUpn'--36'Ui blc wh~to"er.

Unlike mLl

i t.R rue n ature 3.9 an x ternnll d, wrong and i l3gillsry t so correspond

o thers " h ieh m igh t b Ie \\' odd, \1' hie is inde he 8U bj ecti \'6 ileas fI m pients-

com posed of P rnmfll} U'S

witboue any ltlgnituu

mURt have m tho essences of has no dou bt r e llemica 1 them au d a u601l1 te)y

~ 0 Hi nd u syste \ of real vhieh has evnr eld thn asis of tho :Bcn&i 'c world g or scmethin which USLOIl. This dsa, thn

rl d :l.r6 extend d th L Il~ rt, until rscen y, in the 00 as Ii hard a d solidi!

But with ttl gradual l~ is said to b doing in S o( l'rof. J. J. Thomson be, in the \V t, mBuy it ie possible to be a t maintain, as c H indu .oys main tai ned I hat. the e th [ngs are in ted 1'1:!8] , n l of ill] pere i p en lSI bn.t el e3 \V ith 0. ny m gTi i tude, e lassed as Real sm, need

u 1 nmste cOIlau sell-sa baiating I they are nOI however Sin al L

... For ins~8COr D

, u, lI. 28.

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I I

( 25

:n~ 10 mer gene )]y th~t liSl

,. nO 1001'0 III t. tha si rnpla ad miss i 11

$I bte ~ol'ld shonl \"e tome renl n d

is 01· bItSBS. P 1(1 up 11 Q[di ng w]

y the sense ~ n.nd c i ti ng ind ependen J ien t. TJ Ie,,!) ,~seFl I y be any independ

~I+ 1, or !i)idlOU t u"gn i t 1.'ley m igll t e'

ti uJ j prod tH~i l,g' ill i bln, if tl H~ sl i m

11·1gB \V 1. ieh ex sted t I emsel ves, eternL

n lentil" of all S entities cr of a

'!hiE bei ng , the u Rea list l nai n tai

It mate ba 5CS 0 ble world, nnd

tho se nsib 1

u"_\"e In~ u it ucaived by ehemi Yl nor even stimuli 5 erstood j n le \Ve t ae; we \ 1 enl i 1 real I d t ncl epe n de nuy ex r Forces ~ "...·i ieh nr vi hou I. ~ny magni t

i ntl he does ~ Ior tI e rIo",;. ~G' renso IlS ~ C hnvc eall cd lL1n~; h worl d ma be r the \' isi bl

ble hei n atmosp 11

I

8 vis i 1J1e~ ev tyl.h i u these sensi beth in are of 1 In i red

we p reei or t11 pel float Lies,

be 1"e

e lin n DIJ'DIIm I!oou I I I

-.~ob.DI1

II

( 26 )

onsists of

extent. !l. IV well-kno 'P'n in the

a bl ishod ie idea

ro movem ro..e phenum 01 a "0 III d ere wel e n all- fill i

BUC d i~lII!I

o th is taC!t, i ~ Bt-

Th ngs of i

:s. p.a nsron, r l r motion, n t of purts.

R aH·611in

o compoeed lion in it. tI~e .a TJlCrc'o)' QS(]d of

. quarter. ndulation

of lim itell

ide i, tlHlt ~ itude ran ways :t-

nitudea

H w tnp.., li U,e4 marD~ tea Pl'04~ &d

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I

( 21 J

" thing of

5 ndiu . , t contiyudis-Ln

As for ebvious. ls needed.

First Sell!:on 11& .. y i 011 O'l"ra e \ill hol_, tA" y . wi n1Iil.

living cell sueh RS tll combined some 1I.1Il ru call '~I as a single case ui a II seconJary u difieTent. f the existen

1I i vi cllulls (

ongirlatdependent rr j gl rUl ti ng nl' mn.gui.

h y are quite :c pJ an 0. tion

is a anaL .e llggresaU I I ius of Hy.

~ number of t ifi~d. u~11 01 S n m eke w hell 1· ~Lnt8m like

1 ieh we may . !n<li ' ~ u, beha't e t be ~. to he Ihe I cells. Tll8 . tba.u, an d nnot dUDY

rod ueed in-

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I I

kn \V! 1 ha t scnsi bl ilii ngs (] i i led ma i ttl de LU-e lie ve Ilhsol u t 1)1 1 i d _ ... On he con tt'3TY, th l1.l"e and Tn u t be, POT' 1lFj. ; otherwise F 1 cy coul n t be y h M .. t which, ill l er to U nsf it can do, mue j"Jntcr i to eu t rc transformatlo lorn ttl i g he' Were any pn r ts th e tbi n , ere L\ hsolu tely sol i tra ion by hea I. th t. things enD be ou 1 be i Inpos.sible

iem

the I may be laid wn. us uvo

no~ f u ndan 1 en lal p j iciples i I r il rd o U e COin posi ,jolJ sens i b t1 i !lgs r 1i i ted m n,gn i tud

f separn t.6 lh i l ndary individi rom, a mere 2I!g of unifLcation whi L 0 ( mere com bill a ti

op tilted u po thi g oomple pu t of it, 'f be m pOS$i ble thi , which wo ld resist 'Vc also k. Thi:,; Qg41iU ly solid. lVe must, us. That· which 9 betwee

These lac

sin le unit. 0 tha It and difI do t by n pro d i fI tent fl-orn

2} rfhe

ed, a,R prl1"li r1 but apart from

,. .. v. T. T~. p t ttl. lli Ilj., V

t 28 )

ref re, ad mi t that In a.;r j l hey nre Co no absol utely CO

very ollld thnt

a part

in are nit" ~rI.nto 01. hn\+e

call wJlich is ther rid t.hey t be

; and, thing! llot con I. guo

.}.

o lBIB FDfZ(I!Im I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I i I I

( 2Q )

ApplyirJ tlLr!Ie principle t 'ff' an ~ how

no m.o.g i LIl ric c:\ n prot! \ e a ins e t hi ugt COf.rl."1.ry II I j t. of l'i Inl tell III a ill i Lt.I d

Fil"stt" \ C ~au 6C(1 hn,\"" n 1.11 ~ng \,,1 ieh is "0 d UCtiDO of np.it ha"in~ magni uti t.hat is

t b • n r s w t.h ,~ j •

al"n I tQd. 7 some lengtht read tl n! I thick rLt:r:i ,b

t I ngs Dr tI " I~- d b

az-n.i tude" ever InJ u U te, an IJii:I pl"O uce y

e1'j W hicl: ust nn1 be 1 las 0. 'R l.llt', uthtl'l" tIl i gs

ie Uil' LI re p1l1"e ] i neat thrl'L ::1. II R v i ~g u 1 y lengt ,t

Let tl. ~1ljngs o! tho nature oj

n tiguo\lal ~ in whicb elSe til ey ill J no, nul' in he SAme p 1:111 t l b , ul oil hvo bn~ iny ns~

'l'hen leL them combine by the pi ce or uuif 3t, n, hey w 111 t ran produce tb e ins le un

tv th

tint is to B:1. I the prism A. w 1 ago it udo . .N e:!(t '"fa n n sea how each ism A c~ n i tsc 1 f. as tL eing me '''ny, h 8 nUntbCTt not ,

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I

-"~ob.lII1

I I

tile nat" re or pu re magnitude wh th ickaess. 0

J.~t t tfO 1. i ugs eouti gut>uely ~ i 'IT hi point, but apa. tIro

and Ihen let t em c As a. L"e$U t of single unit

s ,n !3ny, wi O'll t :J.ny length, b adth nr

(

of poi is tand, not il] pille only a

l6 recess 0 u i flenrio u. nal on we hn 1 -W3L the

which, as u si. gle n or a pure line.

Thus, 'We f. [1 ho call produce t nr n ]a, tt.et ageL n f tl ·llp h we 800 ho\'¥' lh i l:,tS of j with ma9 n iu~d B.

A nd th i~ i~ til e th ! l ~ ay 0 m agn i tud eThe other t ro wa

wherehy thi wiih

aJ-rt!tla!, ha~i ng

Fi tl tltty. as

Thlftp USee

po1nt.S b t.h.e. Jim plGIt. or faetotl. The!!lie an P3.ra:rn iii I;'WL

exist, they III U they can not b

the na Lnre 0 . p re P<1 i n tfi of pure lin s ; nd these it de. Tb

itu le, i.t-I e implest

to S1Ly, things

(;j having

cannot

-CO ISlSitl D g of n y commue.t h ld hnt tbey . Tb.eJ £01 I if t.hey beiug u reduced,

e lBI FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:.

I I

th t. J Lhey ex i ::lit. h 8n P:uam{j l) uS mUE'it e e er 101, ar:; l.he. an ot be conei I g P ruduc ~ • al L ,dlercr ore,

r do!;tru n, t The ne-x t

er B that t!ley bat th ey alone of II een~i b le

divlsio j Parama .1 'Va h

How P r ....... s mlU aad are III Umat.1!II e n tUueras or h d ue: rete sf: $1 le,

NQI.n l.

s ~u·c called

Ie U in,gs wh ich nd they ate Btely be no o renson to e th i as 01 some th, readth and

to

magoJ-

••

( 32 )

1 ti n of princi ness, ve n i nconsis cy a.ny \V he re

ot ill th idea or Fa d UElI hut. ;

ards th ultimate tit nts of th

te th i ~1 ~ as pa rtle lcs ~h magn'" nd a

~l"8 v iola\ 10 n 0 princl pl Ii!

, being of limitsd ju III ude, are yc

able i to si mplar ''Ii; ,,,hile nl

gs bal'i g nlso limite gnitude :n

need a d capn ble of in bl'OUC n u

ncnts, ~~

not be

it IS to the view sensible

ether sen i.1J ls tl.· lwoglll~ I as p into sim

'I'hen ~hing$, ,\

l'~iIlill v, if th;ll~ '\ pi.1fti.clet; Ethel' co it lnu~t.

I'~Qt

ultimate eeption

PBl'ami~l SIlP91"·.en

te ccnsti ~u n

osed 0 sol id ~ han ni uide, owsvar smnl I

al! y be <11 l-pervnd i n

reBaons we must r the d i scrcte Lhi l

• IL '2:~, Ii Q 3, lIRe.: s.. V: .•. , I . :li'lj linCl'i,st nIDi l~3" Ki. Va. On. l~ r L vI ISbOM n,: 110 ·ot;a. !t.

r.~IV. ii.. 1-4.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:.

I I I

Co l nne:9 isterl \ u l have b ed by the

uh ou t ;u~y • • nsL nlsn be n

hearing, by the

del the atial, t

~ ne cr nny or It\6$i fi &

Ihing3 or Ii

nre p o· LIH~n it

.. N. . 'r. 'f.1 J'I'. l. Une 1 "rom L t. In.) t NI:1. Vlr.I' v. 11 2;). (p. 511. tine ,; b..1.. Ilhl~b .. 1 r ~I. I~,

01 II) DIJ'DIIm I!oou -.~ob.DI1

I I I I I I

rest sensl le '\ tllat. l1y 0 say I at 0 pOl't..· P$"

als.

tha t e properties, W 1 i ell

alee rod need by Lhe!

Iicmsel ·eG.

extern l things exist. d penden tJ y or til

)8 tl ~ roll90n abl e ~ in ere in them bu E':lome £ t [1f1 propert ies are p rely su bjeeti \0 e, t I)' ar II In en tEi, "h ieh

oh jecti vet '" n nl Granting tl a.t t

n u s.t ex 19t, ient.- then it

j~Lt thei 1" P I perClplen rent in the can he she n \'G 1.11 Ilt 8m e

prove that \ .e exterual n I d ntly ruai !1t if"! t best we n e n1(1'recop' t Ctlways im Iy

i r tho sons i le

rich are ne er the 6enai le for inSI'" ptible !.hi alluclnnti lnay be a ul t,u' (Silmu. • ish i ng reat rs

tali I..y. D LIt hi.!! ~jp.'!)".

I/fc, p. 81,

e lin n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I I

,11 ey cat! I e percei f'J

th eI [111 I il"""e i u co. n, by mot sen aes 11. n of tl,in ! lhey difT r

One sn I IS mnr

~:..s Ily c I er~b le

nnl'ltllcr ntl sc onto what I called, i

tho d.oy f Lot ke,

ttlmH l'f

4~' . tinguisll u.U. pI"

t 1". by

f Ihi~I!1~, is to s.: • tll ~y lt1'e

I t 11 fire .~Ue h eau eadl

erLal II 0 le lpernei ed they ri ~ er ~ kim], '1' lnt

E!i mention 11" in numb ., nnmety;-

[.4)

os as ur

e n n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I I

( 3fi )

nt purp it w II be uhe suffie

'8 is no di: rate S nsible thing fto not bo Emf ely el mi Ittltc 1; th~~ is lint he COt] ived 8 ab ut.cly sile

doubt be reduce llY eans or ev

r thillg I and Bj'j for t

e said to be enmmnn to

o Eiay ,ow" ic h

Sa I d

at )8 same I.iln which

ell t without iL

Ho \'!IeVOl' t So rnav be I th M is one

ie; ton mon to l~ nd, won to the ed abov 8, ~n mel Y I ~hat toy are eae

gle 311d $P cial se sa Qui. 'rheYI i

r from LI e a" 01,0' ~t ne n ti ned gc n ei

rsies, an d mill', d ISLi gu ished f and lndeer they n ~ ctJ.U d {he ~ P.'pe te sens L ble. They" orres p II d, L L is 0

n d :uy q IJ a] ties 0 Loc k and lnod osophy, '0 iJ hall f the 6 ve peci al tmli we be 10 ngi ng

we d, Sound, f r the -eason j U8t hi. n se be 18 ken i nt.o consid ratiou nOw. I fl re aiuillg fou, it is cbvlo FI. that tba

sen "aily diffel-e t fl'om one nn ther, \Ve

or "'''Olll':\$ h i ng nn a hi her or 10 00 1·; of odou as on c.ohl ~ in. a di

or (te m (:!era.tn val-ytllg R

or ~,ill it to sa that tl esc q uali t"

~uL ecti\"'e/~ l t ley ~x st i rl the

• Iltj •

hut

.

I

-.~ob.DI1

I I I

in 18 Lh.i nga p~ rcei prl a.ry

nl ne are inheren ill at Ii or. as s ted

his posuion is uuten bl. If me od

li \'e the rest C~ I) ,,\1 n t tly

un H~ nm rooting~ :tnd by the 01" • r s me are though t to Cal s;h re t Ie Ulli e f.o.Le £or

Ifll i 1, L r.er posi ti on. bowe.. r, e. \'e r 1"0·

o \h sens' b 113 wod d. s an be ield

b Idoal isL Ph .100 phi· bee lise eden ie the an ex ternal ~ orl ~ i nd pen Ii L oJ I an d

t.lloughLs and de whi h III DEi

cI of all cxperi ei su j ecz or sub Is,

reascna elated ber 1 I lb· s v i Vi' of.a e n St b le wOl"ld no ex:s. ug nde ndeu tl torn an experi e lee I r ex ,eri e C61'S! as val id, and, ~ s n a 1 tc '11:1.1,1 e, wc 1. i Gt.e:nce of tJJe en~ 1 e, In U t also l ties .... re ilS 0 bj n.ry or gen CI'al (j n . Tel ur qua

fo 'e, 1 tm ,iOI1 ed n hove nut be eld obj

ore: t in r he Ihi ugs 1,( i "ed,

f b es LWO classes 0 f P

(

)

tl es \v hieh merely In eg \Vbi!..'h, unl •• e nL in e\".nythl tg

~s gen ra1 nsib e.

ual] tie ~ 8te ud tll way

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I I

-.

II

ClU5i Dca 'tl ..

o r s e n s i aule mal.ur"

vary eEitiSD • i n~l i~nlL L fe W mi'lny otl 'Ve might. j nd i tferentl or from 01h Hindu Phi eh em ica 1 91 ducts of til well a-s. oth

I ':"'50 clas

wh lC lit ell. en. pie 0 a.t are cal I)

in Ii ni t.e. U1 [l poin t to an of this cla

• musk.' T out odcur. aerlal atm ~ any cdonr

Then never be a Wi tbose thi I

1 magn i u de v 1, ate ver ex

e In n FDlJ'Dllm Boo

I I I

while 'he p ue air nf otlr pre

( 3 )

uiLhout lu iu a Tid transfo

stane no sue inalieuah e s lf-lumi

Fin Hr. while inalian ble in on

en L; ret aeeirlen 1 pure i r.

e.nsHy h'es'Le:tl or do r mid

is, wit aut Be If-I tempe tnre.t Te

Th t8 is, :1$;8 ,vi th", i c:.h Boun tFS Sound an no dnu ~ ma.tter. with a

Th 8 we find

wiLh

,

m pound mn t er e h as OIiOIl r I fia at no' tem

en» never

noL bB eli!

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I

h

i·

_" foraDltm1.noh.lII1 I "ii,-----

(

elim n::l:tecl

lie i, is essenti I .. hiB doe classes do

o, po!!..t;eSS lh C CL$S have al inl.}" be v.i

Tech lY m b rl.~1i fo Q I" of.s.ens. UP.

b und n tly "l.Ilt" it i the fore (Taj ~). ive hing i had id or u;at

whsn

M.

e zm n FDfZ(I!Im I!oou

I T I

ahead y FtO - UlB t.h ird cl 8S of 8(!nsi ble Iy and 8yl I bel ica 11 y call V n tID" (A p.]

i val'10ut; .at storeh ) and dhtt n tive,

mbol ieall 1 led

I the 'Solid .ar1h, with al

urs and on, being a

hieh odoi r is both esse I 1i cJ~)$ eeh n ically hiy1).

fu 1.1 est!' E IS ah p h pe

retnin tile our elasse of Ere I lsi b le ui valen ta m I1St be u d, tra.nelated ies r nllo.ws : -

(1) t her mal tTl atter j

(2) )f.) u m i nons t

(3) (41

r, Hut i then til

eir

u m ucll m is n enta.nd ing i uJe 'VeEli us to the ex ct nutiou wi. cl the Hin us Im\lc JU L g rd to the e fout elas sol nunded m uer, (the del's nrl i ng being B t\y d u e

~ OU. by e word eIem t, of the

to dl841! nIl Dhutu), here ttl at tb y ate all of matter. I' e Hindus

the

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I I

( 42 J

nitude, and ich can be any otheL·

ltial1y ift'e.l"EtIl eharae l'istic whick

'. it ust be ~eld that of: Paramanu of w hie the f ur clessea of seneib le

d, are of ur, and 0 ly louf, cl"

ow l hi perhap be lllu.s&ra

URe th only fOil apectru of

asain I e first three, ntai n fee eLi Yell' ba as their ~ tial i.L res. an Ihe f. urth COD in8 nothi ng

supp e, tha these r are eolou

Lially i Beran, rum one nother I so th eri vetl f om the nthers ; a .1 .finally. t.h ther hi 11 G of es eutiaUy d fTe:rem, cclou ou 1· ape tra. S ch a gr p of speclra on ly i.f there a g fuu r eJiiS ut.iaJl y d i II of rae l"Sj ( ... i rQuons or stimu li us the din tll s case], \'If It ich cal origi nate sue

nl. col u rs, m ilarly ~ i UI uet. be ad III ' reduce tJ.

rlililti n ti \' uL yelO\, which Ell

e mauer, £U

Th-ey rn "be named

U Si prod ing i naliena ial G.. uali ies, i 11 a lienahl ture, uf CO

18.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boo III

( )

11 lumino
ture}.
{3l l'
some tem
suitable co
some temp
and taBtA bi
Or4 wi
,i bia t.h ;ng
(1) Tl
0010 ~si. tio of.ao
aerial atm here
12} T Teja
it,. iu all f-lulll n
(3) T] Ap-
aU compou
(4) T
In campau
These
What. 1.1 r8
life r • h It.
dlm..8nt ~I
II!IS ul Pan
~UJ.
the four
Lhir:.ga wb
sueh, are
In Faot the
be called
tlta t a.lfect ing ;11 al ien Ie Oav 11 r Cw i th

lou r, i~. 'U uti er

rod u ins ina] ien ble od r (w ith colo r- and :IIn-vo r, i.e.. ;ai bilh.y ui ta e ecad itio ).

to be pru1.icuJ el of BE! 11-

are Rplkru U UB, which en ter :n to the tern perut u e j n V u or the

81n WIll which th] g~. 5nu , w hieh ori in ate

a 'Y'B on I y fla.'vou.r bu t no 0 ur,

~r.a.1 ;l t) us, 'tV hie 01 is i n cdou r

ed r.

of I'nra m~ us Me iJfere n L

.no-ther ~ i' ay be igb ~ OL· allY other ~U.TC!!I n their co "uy to prod uce

i n th ose sensi Me

d 1113gni t.u ut. P rarnfu:m8 in mpou laramh9u8 n 9 evan r Stimuli \ ich pi as rhiD_gR or Ii ited berlt the Iou r BJ-I ei al p r

nly I tho Pa mAIJu

ummos-

hieh, 8.8 d fOl'lnS. bat nUl)'" due! all gnitude rtiM of thing.

-.~ob.DI1

II

.a.rP. l"e (all th

because they a ve ns orig ina tl ng f nd eelf-i!.u I~si~ti np; F It rnny also

H "I the Pal'Rma nu s ma glli e nd t.hei)' q ual iti tbemfre v e., 8S simple 1\. r u per-senal hle,

e co I1d tl.iO'Ol=I. 9 eolou r to be

r nd Lids i s 1"0. I

a o~ r and odour are

or

.. :tr=ys, V 1'"., It j. 4. I p.. ~5~. ItflOlii 1 N. V T 1'. pp. 'Ui'l .sKi bc:glnni

e zm n FllfZ(l!lm I!oou

.T I

ifTerr.nt same s . i , qnali; !lnme kin r essenti

There a '8, tile ref

,fl ud etLch t.h e lou I"

"n}' 01 he ~ riety, g.et~eral f · i of all t e 00-8. in 0 Jl r words gpnel-al e ~ of Pn ra

Ii"inall

How hot u, origin.Rt

CO"rrCIflipon selliBeS.

argument

Eacb q ual i ty J.\ quality, it posses 1'11:.t a 8 qunJity ,Olne tllj can be 'Vt •

the sped I nOtle oth 1'.

l eh 'L can

• VB-iab.

81:11.170_ U 1 ~l!cN

nrietl e of nne nnd tlle tfl'S 11t.9 or nne and tIle

t:! of Param an us ~ r. en ti l'"e] Y \\' i lhtlU' be sald to be the

o Par .lIn;} j') us, .a8 th e ial ql ality perceived by a !;; also th~ oflgill of ~I f. ~ 'rhat. je to uce respective ly : - nsc,t

by the toJ lowi rig

., vur (I[, t.. p. 311, Iin8 &,..

lin I) FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I II I

(

1

nen' e by rti f.I6L 1 means , :eB"t' j a fo of 1 n nosi t.y . pa rtieu 1 ar s peci 1 ual j ty m cUrl'S th t th partie I~ lar ki nd particu hu el nss I he CA.p3cL to kind. Tll to prod a Ri n speei exclusivel that q i11iLy, l which a.1o e con &i Ilte su

1'hU8 1 ished t

11 produee U t the capac y prod the pnrt o! 11 i ng. ei ade up of only the. as 'W"C r. a \' e ee I C,(Ul!llt t eci II 1 qual iiy BenSE\ hn vi n quality, nrul L be made u capacity.

a. a

:n era ture-san ae

are made l P sensible

d ieing in

e

\"e words of he 01

tbf! ide!) is reall

The sp ial a..~ the esse zial i

thefT\He1 vel! be alone tlpecial ki n of nature.

urmn 1 IBVOUT dour.

gi~en alm t n the 1 V a.ishe!}hi k 'Ol·k~.

. It. ie only ntially o( uri gi ustcrs and j UEiti 00 0

Bu bst.l tu te regard the he elcitati

-.~ob.DI1

I I

e zm n FlllJ'Dllm Boo

I I

rue th at tl re a rli! d j lToren t ki 11 r1~ of 6t ILt sensa t io ns produced in are S() prod uced by CQ,.rotl us of 011 r eL·.,mU\ flystem, l hare is II. lse t yn- Vaish e~ kn idea that tile tren seB in J II)"" of 'Lhe ~ e nature aB tho eesent.inl ing

i ua l.cr8 of t ,e q ual i l ie1:l wi. ieh are paree !'; r Lhem.

:\ t all obj ecrs or ] htl i tad rna ho $iJ risible w 01·1 d, w j th t hei I· 1 i ties, as we I t DB 1.11 e four erne i ve: UtE' m, are plod uced re th e essen tinl ReB] i ties i n t al·il1 g by w h ieh flo und is pe {BC U I ties 0 touch ill ~ and h nn d I i:n g and 1 conuitut6 t e other c·hrlract.erjstic8 or h ave beCll I ft on t of eonsi rlera tion here.

and he w y ate prod uced I acC:C1I-d ins

Illsllf:tht k" r.i 11 be 8CP.ll In'le tau.

n r, then t \ i h regard to tile Param <l9IlS) n r classes 0 I eimnte Ileal i ties, \V h ich are a.lielic sy

e)L istenee n the foUO\ Parn.mtt;l u

t.h

Til! Ak4shu.

the fi ft 1. Real i ty fA kAsba) i ng grounds" :-

e Iike pure points, 'Ye lHl they pred nee t hill ISS of I1 i t.ude; but 'Lhey es I1l'Ot. d

aetua 11'1 touch one all othe hat case tbey eau all If

111m ot :rl bit'• til,· w nted.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

-.~ob.DI1

I I I

• h~m

m 'it. be eon·

\t uam. It II .... hh. ••

net III t 111 atcly C ate thi gs:i produ ing it II m on aneth ShRU

They prod uee h

f 0 rn on anothe nod 'ie t b llg j

oy un W not con ti guolls1 but m d ia. te 1y. t ey are j 01 ned together 111 d iatel alit,y ~ hleb, bing ill toue • wit

leh a other vise sepnra (ro.

named om for theiF union

'I'his Q(J i U ('If un i on 1\1

md uni

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I

_. foraDltm1.noh.lII1 I ·_·'-1---

( 49 )

d before, we n TJ.Y ill wind that, f m does not p .................. ascri bed to E L ter

Ad, ns 5uggel!i Etll er, bea fin ulu Realism, i rties as tho

sts, we mus r reMon also. generaJ way, tha t. the q uali t cannot be s~~i to inhere in al I

admit, 8ay!l:

the ur forms 0 r senei b le llinner \Ie .Q med, • 1 t is, fI 0 do u bt, prod U ed fie or utile I· or the (ou r cla :H'S

lri they In:ly even be need to

•

percei vi ns Ling 1 ike on l':EiCJ ·es..

may 1J8 nee ed £OL- -;,L.h~ pur I body has e ver yet en t red. ill \'.n C u nm I t1 out wl rher Or ,..ot uud could be 'to U"FJi wit u'L them.t '\ hile thus lhe In

Ins of mauer

;j) p~ fur i It; u tn till i-calio.JIl &l:J

here in any 0 f them: bccnu e a sa id La i n llEl~l"e i II a. d iscrete t 1 i ng

I ar type. as ~ho followi g clmractsris lie& ~-

(a) ] t. end ures )oog Rt$ ,he L in g

end u rea tba t pattie ilar

{Orin,:

be scp::J.rn ted Jll the l 11 i ng 111 less udergccs som rad ical 01· the ical

.."d. 1"l:1-l1l" VairJ,.. 81) ..... ] r, I.

, P. as, 11 B-l-G'.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I

di t.i ons b lds good of sClJJ:I3Jble &I"e is noth ng in whic fa a M. tong as Lbe thtog 1

Co dition, fo II nsi ble thi n s can be c

b ug:p erfec y ~i le tt tha.t is, and 18$s. t

n thing fro wh ch sonnd e nnot be en

n leil.! ({I) ud, 6nallYI th sound pr

"h ng, w h ich is i LS r prod ucad by t.ha com n I'D ber or t..b n s' U d i&ti ngu i t. abl e front in th e CUIlI bi g Ion I i s ne ver U(; tly the bi.n ed so 11 sot he parts 0 w hich the L d. § For i I sta ce, the soun lut.ely di e 'eht ~1~ from tha produced b ~8 arB ts part f' b ich l he v 10 iJ I is B COin b Ijun W ich ate $ti I 1St D guished £, I.P. one anor.

1 bin atien the violi II t 01· ( i} r TO' n that , b ieh

concelv Lh cow bi n.nio of the sepn

p d ueed by arate parts,

( 50 )

.i n a tlY COlli bi nation, 1.11& thing in ,,,bich i rnnation being of t d iffere nt f tom can be

None of

in au)' form

sou e. it In us be ndm i tl tern pen..Ltlll ! eo lour, fla ~ ell:: sensible matter.

a:. p- ij.~ Ii l'Iou-g 8, LO. y r -~ p. tat, I in't'. eC 1<4.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I II

He ~ f.her f ben rings. (be 1"Ce1\'

q al i t. t ..... ltd n IS u h mUF.it in ere • n 601no Re ity. } 1', a a quality it nn have t.

i- 110 tl de-pel den existene of ts ow 11,

[~ T"e exf'l nple ~vh.at vel" f n qua-

:I- sue an indo mle Jt e~ifn-

eeption at it is ~ili nil inher s i the pel' i~in edtlty, tive B it! lerGIl ~ in t e p reipieut, t lobe par and p~ll e 1 n onru;cH ret or th ught aud II id a, But vay w1 en fJ, hel! lings and he heara not.1h L rk 0 fed that L is h ., sound. he $OU I d p neeeds (1· n \ \ he re the re, it call ot be M; La i here in Mo oye. all 'he l MO! So whleh

. t.hat le!} alitles pe ceiv by tho

]Oll_g. not 0 the pe i Plf:1 t hoi ngJ

l~Ul th pe: ipient, Rp Iy fL in the

If those ual c.ies al'8 11 t in erent in tbe ere i pi t, ei t.l. r is SO , nd. I n. this " ny. t CIl . n be she '!l IJUt the e j s othio ". n tlg the ot r" i Jc no w n

th i ga. ID" i d. sou d i It 11 \\" e must, !J ere are. COD~

do C tlUilt! ditj n to e oryt ling else W rich is.k Down t be e other nen iLy n which t i$ tl i:;s e..'llity wbi,h is Akishi1, rete t i nWi .no,"e and 3S t ey move not in the. sal res, tb t is! as t\ pro-

maelv in the me inm in which

QIJ. IItY m In Ile e rn :N: ty. QunCi l'LIbJ tl ve. t:nb 8 el til A !h.~

to I P u 1..,- au ttj r4~Ot if it \V

.. Vh't-. p.

UMtiI

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I

F'Ot~ I true" jon of a. the of parts

( sa

it

lhaL Lhi te Lhinga.

xhu$1 and y seen tlLfi i l is and us

1ft

1$0 be eterna I u n P lOO fie d men tinu ed before, pr (i ing cau ~lly moan rh in jl ce rtai n AY!.n nd tn th 1 o81'l w b i hare both Thei Iore it is e

a on- ov-

is super·sel ihle, as jl ei t ca ever be) p ceived by t

lts su- 1" r o\"ery I hi tl G' l ha L is per ei e.

se ses is $0 pe eivsd by l e

c tras], Con trpa again, 1 Ll ea 8 6(lU"J e e t i!:tubttio IlJ ei t h el' of w ich is p08Si I il. Being 11 uniform o rtinuum, ( .s,

8 \·yM.~nt), there can eo no d iMi c i

V.i . sa., 11. s, ~ \':a.I "~6_. If. I_ ~ Val .M., v.n.s

§

P~b:;J.l!lt&. P ~I ~ Ilol!'t; 13.a t! P'~tnil"(;ilj p (is.. I ~llG4 l1-. .

§ v .. !61t. , IV. l. I. , U] (I. "" 7,

lBI B FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:. -.~ob.DI1

I I II II

( 53 )

or itself Simila.rJy, bing all-

rliu I it c n ever ho isnla from other t U1gS 60

ell hie us 0 dl!:litinguisll iL Irom the. 'rhus

l:l i ~ a nd n n t be. Sl1 per-se si ble.

I. t 1 tho n II tsel r 8U per-se si ble, ; tA ~pe In.1 pro. ,so n d, i pc e i ved by me 1& .of 0 special sell 00. 1 lis peei 81 se se, tll:ll is, J. ring! tt. auf e, mllut

b t'ssen tin t Iy tl1e sn m e 11 h. re as

A lisll:t i t6e1 f; uti this for e sam e

re SOIlS wb ich l de th 3t

th four other Eli he Ba e emre as the aramiT.lu:;I; w} ich pro-

the q lllli i ~ es l.at III P.. "pee i sen 9i~$ £ev£l'n.1 y reveal

nly, n t ie (:fistli or hea "1.!:1 '"e have admit

t t is prod. ce 110t by .any 8l·L 0 r A ka.s! ~ being u 11y e p nrated ff Or bu i l tin sorneth i ng set - for h tMI g~ are im QSStblo in the case of :\ COt &illuum, t bS 18 bei g u 1y condi' 'OU j n porticu Jar 'ny~ by j\ S elf r he cul nr ~trHC I..u re f tho ear, T1 is 81.ru emake {11 tel

hn, and thus

eternal eonsti-

b-. 111.. H. 7::11.

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou •

( 54

M1s.eollc tlops

• bout Xii and Dl".

They re al sensi b le, T ha percept 1 bema by Iohe to u' 01 bi 118 ti ons, and whioll a

Theee five \Ve may mi.~n8 an Ak u ncom pot nded

au per-sen ibl .

of

,.

l, a, P rasimple rid

KUl

AB to he n

n

-t

o ing, ch Igit.! T ley

• linlt lG.

I I

~. ed. There m st 00 1n e Foree

Universe onler y fn~h ion i r, and in seasens, \1' h ich tn akes lllis

ise to t.hings; but it ~o not be so, I A k sha is al s.o Lila ba6i5li r n special 60111 d, wbich is p educe in it the a 'pee i nl rela on 'Wi b d i sC"rete

rna u i res.ts spe j al q ual i t.y

sctcd by) other meg n to spscia 1 uot r n. merel y

t is say. by

by mere

!3~

p. M. Li~8 10 ri 5~~

11

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I

56 )

are: things which 13 med above. flo t g Loge l]j er, LII£!. tis, e J I. .uO~VEI "-81'. they an other nn ri fOl:m ~ ~ ni ts (c hem icsl 01· i l (~uaU Li es appear. ~ c u the Panunfu_]u s

pr 8p

one 3nolher~ Lhe under 1.11 e !l bove r...l) ur:i as l he bnGert L' be a [fee ted unly

.one wi th tile adler.

U!j" wllicb hl).~e. also ow n, em n e" at a fleet or be

13 n ess t\ ey me in to sped al re-

e or;" lh r. e 1 Iter * nrl til ~ i !IIO ill spite of the lfL~ Lei B 8 l-perv ding , \.ber arn always n eneral rel a:ti n, \ 1 t all 'Lh ingll. Do t e tma us en tar n to ial re)aLiOII S with eete by them. there at

w h belong to them,

Ct;''U L afiec ~ all d be not bees use t bey

, bu t because they n with nil tblngs £ew tb I n~. §

e lin n DIJ'DIIm I!oou I I

othing \ hid has

r bo l1.ff ~ by

g. into GP in1 re-hu onR -ith thi ngs ha ing spe nl q ali-

pee la.l rel tic ns w th tbet nlIected y them, the at ualities rhic

once np pen r, their own~

This bein or il!lll own, C more eoutac rel fl.t Ions wi t1 the n produced in i .

Irhe re rorc

wll i ch "fleets

it lUll.$t nter in ,hel"fby 1'1 ve at. Q eo

(,we!'; on \~el·,f th I n he first p ace, to nter into

lation witl &11 thin • \ hieh ng and 1 0",- "it other prOt: uees so t 1 s univers 11,! sped u d) with .11 things,

n general re llltion isba.

ins in

. rlentifie 6pecial special

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I

wiL any rop rties rela ions,

-. fot-aottmhoooh.Df1

I I

\Va

H 0 'iff and in wb.t. Ii lise Klla 15 Ttm

there ust 3

has cnl B gen ,COffieiii uto be g, It is this so ella,

crete

Unive tbat. re moving neal! t w h leh rsla l

n.

1-

y

IF "ill 1:1.. SQ., .... 'pl.i!iik'.. n N 'V. T. r ~~ p.. Ho, t Val h... SO.I n, j1."lj ~ I V • so .• VEl. I. ss

e zm n FlllJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I

o

lin.g~ hold~ i

'" l,Il!::'} 'ings at elative Irom Q

chan g i. n.g, s, sta nd at J'(J 1 ents of tim s.t Th~t, i eted upon b a d i rectio n, o~riltes!§ t he rei fI tl \'e osition time poss i b e Here e :n not Ll1 us t ley n re dis d nn less th ere

t tlley ve dis. They

:tr

there is 11 rcasOn

tni n dl eir 1 peeti l""e s to One 3notl E" , while

oving on S v rtne of K6 a Nor

OU~ h all-per ·,u! n j be du~ })O\ (" which n 1 heir reh l i v )Osi tiona, fo e:tac t1.r !Ii for which it a not be the a I

to Sll)r. it hi rigs ,yi th f j thaul. th en h Power th

gi to

one n not1l r

th us e nab 1 tel ntion S,

ncl.aU, p.. M,

zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou I I

-"~ob.lII1

I I

8. tb j llg \"II' hi l II aFi ! y a I;,re[ tnl rela Ii u nll I

Rl d ye~ by irt no n tha t re Ia ion alone, 0 on

lol mall. 8.8 it. must, keep tbe in posi jon

N r can Kr,ln be Lbi ealit.Y"l b ause~ M lre y

tl POW-Of ,""e 1')0 ''tel' \\" id ac in

:l "8Y which to th:tt '" wh eh J 6.1"

o erates ; and operaf ill opp itioll hi • .~) r :l ti ve posi t· n po J le, \Ve Ut=l.I1 the ni the exi~Le CB or s psrate PI' nci p]e as or posi tlonal 1· lation £L'] order j tl1 e pa th ngs. This omcth"n ~ this Re I ity, PO\v r is call ed Dik,

i\S: it uph Jds re iii f"0 poaiti '18 arnon t se in eh it" percipi $ o[ f",r nd near ; i in th n t d i re-ction

D II: pro d u c e s DO on, 01 a:pa~ dilt8CtlDbi bn 1s: not liPU e.

d \ ces tel a tlon b enf sd spa ti B ee ite.eU, i£ Ia ter ]9 1't'l3 ll. pI

t hlgs it nt to the tl is oi ucor e'"t nd

nd soon. I~ That is t

amon lings or t C uatu re

I dirt! ti ns, But Dik cann l u tt m a s place,] ali ty or

AkAsl" II. is i ir.kAsha tt

emu' posi t" ns, The d lITf!re lC e het alld

o.y, il. will

hj pietu r snppli old the pictUl"eS n

a.nd th

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oow..:.

I I

o sp; ee 11:0 supp ieu 0 cl nrl y 001',,8 111 etl tluerG II 10 the m

OlUL

pof!ii 10111'1. i I~ \\' 11 i h 81tou1 thCl \"ill be

ik ~sr n 1 alilY bCC.''HL9!C iiI. Jep ndeut 01 :I. ythil.s else fo!O i exi

1 .~1'\" di ngj Lhat. i I 1.30 relmi

i II sa. i s uueh s all diS(: te f osi tlon i the n i verse 0

~]:I and D k ;:U"e tlaus Itenlit es \ ther

III a.nd DI the C Ilsi b le Un i erse

u pho d th 8 4Un - "'p8 n!.~ kasl lao j t ll~ moe

'1e'r'l I b A k· ~ .

sh a 5 SllICO, we IJ "egu I n ted :u d s lied eye!!] and

mal n1 ai s posi l icnnl rue 0 Ii! \' er I

ns betw e l its ..

II

e zm n DIJ'DIIm I!oow..:.

I II I

trnan, they i nde euden t, c tel al, aud in fi tlt rh bnekgroun 1 of e\'ery per ie c i ng n t i 'f.

1 regard fO e n atu l"C 0 the I" st an ard shows j 1.0 be tlJ!lot fleal i

is ouly

(

exist 100 as an eternal nn R~l ty is eoncen sd l can be anls, \Ve may! however, w hie is perha ps til e most c V a is e,=,h i ka aJ."go en t8.

n i», be.. In each

• e o n-

n e s s c r encEi &$ n'I"Ql!it n SOme

and rnu:!) ·ndepel1dent he body~ be

(a:) COUSC]

(b)

)

n

.t

., Ny'" Bb6-!1i !lirA.

;p. t9. 111:1"» ~C: KCJ 1.11J.d .... 1 en.

o lBI B FDlJ'Dllm I!oou _. foraDltm1.noh.DI1

I I I I I i-·,.-----

( 6

,apilr f rrJt mn t inh

pert and yei J I ~Si tl;n th:u. of which it is a alul 'belOll@' to erty I must nl so

i!l a 11d lu~lon&f' reason s ta be

1$ III P 0 S :6 i b 1 e .

nme other Ue..'\l i ~y in L LO rhic hit belc nge.

is no !1 propcl'lYj and whi h has fin inda, ~ exi rene ~ than there is hnrd Iy

ed CJl· f. t h er :L tgmne u L. P'or

uld or name only, is called Atnlnn

ed as :l Pl\1- the pl"openy of llow ng reasons :th body j i L won ld the betly nil d u I tinil" los, or which it

rated from ODe d in n combined be lou nd in the

zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

I I I

· h the \lI'bolc is ma e up d. But this is nev t the nor with its inpd ent:;!" no CO'I!tCl0usneSS i the d y, COJ:! s.ciousn eSR

'"ith any BhO:L"l::S.

\f!IL ts of the r the u ty. tl.

or wh n

r. y n.,. .'1f1 A:IIL (Jon l.bo!'J't. ft'H! n". I&-Monllu,; t I)

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm I!oou

_. foraDltm1.noh.DI1

I . _. 'TI,---

a" i ndi \1 ld ual not Ieel him Dally,

cDu'S(:iml snessea formcd m e in i i d U <1.1 n tbe bady won ld often i th te" inaeti yeo Fw: I ito i B 1.0 fi nd a. large n umber gethe1· a bsol utely wi t.h 0

ge lleraU)' ha ve d iO'etlln 6 of the ( \1n.l and il the difieronl. J y lmd e.lell a. sep'lltn1.e t he sam B time \1fflt'e nut 'Ii

U cell Lral cons<: IOUS mes!..

m ni n ta i ned that) al I.ho ug 1 co eSB mAy not he 1he pro ·ty

a teri Il' i ng nn.l isn II of , ... h e 1 tl

Iii composed lit is P1W uce i nati on of then 1 in a pa lIclonsa 1..O~ or i nlieres i

'bey Pl'OO uce by thei I· AS n property can not ill 1"8 i I e real ell!..ity; and a. fot n n ti ty] i nnsm uch D8 it haa own.

r can it

e ,

t

'1 at is to iJ::ty I I C I oar /amL Wll

be held that there is

III ny. U iv dual.

N t only d i rea]\y In

!ml th e va.rlone i ngred i e n ts 0 th ion it wiJl foUo\y LII4lL d e COl em; of an indh'idual J'eaUy i th 1 Il;lt ion of n ~J j rnmcn-se PB1'a.te oouse:: IOU sncsses. els 1. i u~ sal r as !:UIC h, Lha l feel oursel v es as one II.

.., its own. and t so ne oiher

o lBIB FDlJ'Dllm I!oou _.~ob. .....

I I I I --.

eerta in t.h Il& 'h Y lYO u hi ft out tll ir uiITel nt. wills 1 T

ti~P"o3 ·OnSC i 8-

of the ody wh cl

indivl ness,

that i agree nit, 1,.11 function 0 the ho on by 1u) agre ment of l e happen. But it is al divislo UI:ly e equal. n

budy . sure be d ivi le ill to

nesses 01 pa lOts t here ca bod y a. 1uho 61 exee pt rl i fiero t oonst tue Il ts,

ae a ...... UJJc ca have jtl:li d istin u isbed from, an of Lh" coueoio snessea 0

t of ~ is" carr eJ

case, h We'"e r, }'j ally, it

I r COD!j, IOlUIiD&8S wel'S a. p.ropeJ"or

t¥ Df e bodJ

tllea t. .. e to • cOIILd be no coDsclo Ii D 0 So :Bor tile 1:I000y as a who. r

e zm n FDlJ'Dllm Boo

I I I I