mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyh

fpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd;

NguUshy;..!

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp
Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;
(ghfk; - 2)

-: Mq;fpyj;jpy; :-
lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf;
-: jkpohf;fk; :-
mg+ ,]huh

1
,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp rpwpjsT mwpe;Jnfhz;l khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;:

1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd

cz;ik?

2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;

vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;
njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?.

3. fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd;

%yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk;
J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah?

4. Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;w
gd;ikahd nrhy;iy gad;gLj;Jtjhy; - ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if
cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?.

5. ',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J

Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

6. ,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy;

mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if
nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;L> gpd;dh;
NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?.

7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; 'myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;" - vdTk; - '`hkPk;" vdTk; - 'ah]Pd;"
vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?.

8. 'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;.

,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;>
g+kp cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf
mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?.

9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;)
vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf
ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd;
,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md;
kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?.

10. Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; “'`_Uy;<d;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg;

ngUthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;F Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?.

11. ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;.

mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb
Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?.

12. ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak;

ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghWg;ghNthk;?.

13. thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy;
gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy;
g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis
gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd

2
 vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “'ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F" (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk;
mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah?

14. kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Md; - kw;nwhU

,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L
trdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij
mwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

15. ,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy;

xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L
fpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

16. Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk;
tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU
ehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md;
jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?

17. Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy;

mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhz
trdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah?.

18. gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gb
thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba
nrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj;
njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?.

19. Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;W
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh? ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?.

20. ,iwtd;> “fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt

mth;fs; tprthrk; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;" vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - tpRthrk;
nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y
vd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk;
mwptpay; cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?.

Nfs;tp vz; 1.
Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd
cz;ik?

gjpy;: tpiutpy;.

Nfs;tp vz; 2.

Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;

vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;
njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?

gjpy;:

,];yhj;jpd; %d;whtJ fypgh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l
gy Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfis njhFj;J xNu Fh;Mdhf cUthf;fg; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwa mUs;kiw
3
vd;gJ> Fh;Mid gw;wp cyTfpd;w fl;Lf;fijfspy; xd;W. ve;j mUs;kiw K`k;kJ egp
(]y;) mth;fSf;F my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNjh mNj mUs;kiwjhd;> ,];yhkpa
cyfj;jpduhy; nghpJk; Nghw;wp kjpf;fg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjkhf ,d;Wk; ,t;Tyfpy;
jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp
(]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l xd;W. fl;Lf;fijf;fhd MzpNth; vJ
vd;W ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

1. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo;

njhFf;fg;gl;L> mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fTk; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwf;F ek;kpilNa vOj;J
tbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs;; my;yh`;thy; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fSf;F

,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lTld;> mjid mth;fs; kddk; nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. gpd;dh;
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fs; midtUf;Fk; njhptpj;J> jdJ
Njhoh;fisAk; kddk; nra;J nfhs;sr; nra;thh;fs;. mj;Jld; my;yh`;thy;
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fis nfhz;L vOjpf;nfhs;sTk;
nra;thh;fs;. vOjpf;nfhz;l trdq;fis rhpahdJjhdh vd;W kPz;Lk; gyKiw cWjp nra;J
nfhs;thh;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; (Ummi) vOjTk;> gbf;fTk;
njhpahjth;fs;. vdNtjhd; ,iwtdhy; mUs;kiw trdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJk; - me;j
trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F njhptpg;ghh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fSk;
egpfshy; njhptpf;fg;gl;l ,iwkiw trdq;fis vOjpitj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jk;
Njhoh;fshy; vOjpitf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis kPz;Lk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - jk;
Njhoh;fis thrpf;ff; nrhy;yp Nfl;L rhpahdJjhdh vd;gij cWjpnra;J nfhs;thh;fs;.
mt;thW vOjg;gl;ljpy; jtWfs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy; mjid cldabahf jpUj;jp vOjr;
nrhy;yp - me;j jtWfisAk; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. mNjNghd;W jk; Njhoh;fshy; kddk;
nra;ag;gl;l trdq;fSk; - jk; Njhoh;fshy; vOjg;gl;l trdq;fSk; rhpahdJ jhdh vd;gij
- Nkw;gb trdq;fis kddk; nra;j jk;; Njhoh;fis Xjr; nrhy;yp mjidiAk; cWjp nra;J
nfhs;thh;fs;. ,t;thwhf my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub
fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdhf njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.

2. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; trdq;fSk;> my;yh`;thy;

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mUsg;gl;lJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy;
mtrpak; Vw;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; rpwpJ> rpwpjhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mJ
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l fhy thpirg;gb (Chronological) njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
mj;jpahaq;fSk; me;j mj;jpahaq;fSf;F cz;lhd trdq;fSk; my;yh`;thy; - thdth;
Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fs; %yk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdq;fis vg;Nghnjy;yhk; egp (]y;) mth;fs;
jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwtpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mg;Nghnjy;yhk; me;j Fh;Mdpa trdk; ve;j
mj;jpahaj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ> me;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; ve;j trdj;jpw;F mLj;Js;s trdk;
vd;gijnay;yhk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwptpg;ghh;fs;.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; tUlj;jpd; xt;nthU ukyhd; khjj;jpYk;> me;j tUlk; KOtJk;
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis thdth; Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fsplk; - trdq;fspd;
thpirf;fpukq;fisAk;> rhpahd trdq;fs; jhdh vd;gijAk; cWjpgLj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. egp
(]y;) mth;fs; capNuhbUe;j filrp Mz;by; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; KOtJk; rhpahdJjhdh
vd;W ,uz;L Kiw rhpghh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwfs; %yk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) capNuhbUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa - mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd; vOj;J tbtKk;- mUs;kiw Fh;Mid kddk; nra;j Njhoh;fspd; kdg;ghl tbtKk;
- egpfshhpd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;L - njhFf;fTk; gl;lJ vd;gjw;F
Nkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fs; rhd;whf mike;Js;sd.
4
3. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; xU nghJthd tbtpy; gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mjd; rhpahd
thpirf; fpukg;gb ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; Jz;L Jz;lhd
Njhy;fspYk;> jl;ilahd fy; Jz;LfspYk;> kug; gl;ilfspYk;> NghPj;j kuj;jpd; fpisfspYk;>
kw;WKs;s kuf; fpisfpYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd;
kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF Ml;rp nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l Kjy; fyP/gh mg+gf;fh; (uyp) mth;fs;> gy
nghUl;fspYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis> xNu
,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;gbahf jhs; (Sheets) Nghd;w xU nghJthd nghUspy; - vOJk;gb
gzpj;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gy nghUl;fspy; vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis
jhs; Nghd;w nghUspy; vOjp - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhj;jj; njhFg;Gfs; vJTk; - rpjwpg;Ngha;
tplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf mjidg; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jhh;fs;.

4. c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; xNu nghUspy; njhFj;J vOjg;gl;bUe;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mid

gpujp vLf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jk; ehthy; nkhopAk;
Nghnjy;yhk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fs; mjid jhkhfNt vOjp itj;Jf;
nfhs;thh;fs;. mt;thW Njhoh;fshy; vOjp itf;fg;gl;l trdq;fspy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy;
rhpghh;f;fg;glhj trdq;fSk; cz;L. mt;thW egp (]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;glhj
trdq;fspy; jtWfs; ,Uf;f tha;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fyhk;. jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;
nrhd;d mUs;kiw trdq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; - vy;yh egpj;Njhoh;fSk; Neubahf Nfl;bUf;ff;
$ba tha;g;Gfs; FiwT. Mjyhy; rpy egpj; Njhoh;fs; - rpy trdq;fis jtw tplf; $ba
re;jh;g;gq;fs; Vw;g;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;gd Nghd;w tpthjq;fs;> ,];yhkpa murpd; %d;whtJ
fyP/gh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jpUe;j ,];yhkpah;fspilNa cUthdJ.

Nkw;gb tpthjq;fSf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itf;f tpUk;gpa c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid> mg;NghJ capNuhbUe;j mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fspd; md;G kidtpahh; `/g;]h (uyp) mth;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;l
nghnjy;yhk; jk; Njhoh;fSf;F nrhy;Yk; nghOJ - mjid vOjp itj;Jf; nfhz;l
Njhoh;fspy; ehd;F Ngiu Njh;T nra;J - Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; i]a;j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp)
mth;fspd; jiyikapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ,d;Dk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gpujpnaLf;fr;
nra;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Md; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;
,];yhkpa ikaq;fSf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j egpj;Njhoh;fs; jq;fsplk; rpyh;
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mt;thW itj;jpUe;j trdq;fspy; rpy
Kw;wpYk; g+h;j;jpahfj trdq;fSk; - vOj;Jg;gpioAs;s trdq;fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,jd;
fhuzj;jhy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy;
njhFf;fg;glhj trdq;fs; vJTk; kf;fsplk; ,Ue;jhy;> mjid mopj;JtpLk;gb kf;fSf;F
Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy;
njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfs; ,uz;L ,g;NghJk; gy ehLfshf rpjWz;L Nghd
u\;ahtpd; jiyefh; jh\;fz;by; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk;> JUf;fp ehl;bd; jiyefh;
,];jhd;Gy;ypy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk; nghJkf;fspd; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

5. mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b mugp nkhop my;yhjth;fSf;fhf

gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; - mugp
nkhop my;yhjth;fSk; - mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b - gphpj;jwpaf; $ba
FwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FwpaPLfis - /gj;M - jk;kh - f];uh vd;W mugp
nkhopapYk;> ]gh; - N]h; - Ng\; vd;W cUJ nkhopapYk; miog;ghh;fs;. mugp nkhop
5
mugpah;fspd; jha;nkhop vd;gjhy; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhpahd Kiwapy;
cr;rhpj;J XJtjw;F - mugpah;fSf;F Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; Njitapy;iy. Mdhy; mugp
nkhopiaj; jha; nkhopahf nfhz;buhjth;fSf;F - Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhptu Xj
Ntz;Lnkdpy; Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; mtrpak;. Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; `p[;hp 66-86 tiu (fp;. gp. 685
Kjy; 705 tiu) Ml;rp Ghpe;j - cikahj; - fhyj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ fyP/gh - khypf; mh;-u`;khd;
vd;gtuhy; my;-`[;[h[; vd;gth; <uhf;fpy; fth;duhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy;
,izf;fg;gl;lJ.

jw;NghJ ek;kpilNa ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.

Mdhy; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiwapy;
,t;thwhd FwpaPLfs; ,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;jhy; Fh;Mdpy; NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W
rpyh; thjplyhk;. mt;thW thjpLNthh;fs; “Fh;Md;> vd;w thh;j;ijf;F “ XJjy; vd;w
nghUs; cz;L vd;gij mwpahjth;fs;. vdNt Fh;Mid mjd; trdq;fspd; cr;rhpg;G khwhky;
XJtJjhd; ,q;F Kf;fpaNkj; jtpu> vOj;Jf;fNsh my;yJ gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfNsh
my;y. mugp thh;j;ijfspd; cr;rhpg;G rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mjd; mh;j;jq;fSk;
rhpahdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.

6. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ghJfhg;gjhf my;yh`; thf;FWjpaspf;fpwhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpide;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `p[;hpd; xd;gjhtJ trdj;jpy;

my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid mtNd ghJfhg;gjhf $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf ehk; jhd; (epidt+l;Lk;) ,t;Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ) ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;.

epr;rakhf ehNk mjd; ghJfhtydhfTk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;." (mj;jpahak; 15 ]_uj;Jy;
`p[;h; 9tJ trdk;)

Nfs;tp vz;: 03

fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd;

%yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk;
J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah?

gjpy;:

,];yhk; td;Kiwia J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;Dk; fl;Lf; fijia epiyepWj;j Ntz;b -
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; xUrpy Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis jtWjyhf Ghpe;J nfhz;L -
,];yhkpah;fSf;F - ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fis nfhy;yr;nrhy;yp tw;GWj;Jtjhf nrhy;fpwhh;fs;.

1. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd;

05tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk;
- ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf
fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.
'K\;hpf;Ffis (,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fisAk;> ,iw kWg;ghsh;fisAk;)
fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;" vd;fpw trdk;jhd; mJ.
2. Nkw;gb trdk; Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpw trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; - Nkw;gb trdk; ve;j #oypy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ vd;gij trjpahf

kwe;J tpl;L - tpkhprdk; nra;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb trdk; vjdhy; - ve;j #o;epiyapy;
nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkdpy;> - Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd;
Kjyhk; trdj;jpypUe;J gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb trdk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,];yhkpah;fSf;Fk;

6
- ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; gw;wp
njhptpf;fpd;wJ. Nkw;gb xg;ge;jk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,iz itg;gth;fshy; kPwg;gl;lJ.
vdNt kPwg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;ij rhp nra;a Ntz;b ,iztg;gth;fSf;F ehd;F khj fhyk;
mtfhrk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,y;iynadpy; mth;fs; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk;
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; 05tJ trdk;

fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

'Nghh; tpyf;fg;gl;l rq;ifkpf;f khjq;fs; (ehd;F khjq;fs;) fope;J tpl;lhy;

K\;hpf;Ffis fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis gpbAq;fs;. mth;fis
Kw;WifapLq;fs;. xt;nthU gJq;Fkplj;jpYk; mth;fis Fwpitj;J
cl;fhh;e;jpUq;fs;. Mdhy; mth;fs; (kde;jpUe;jp> jk; ghtq;fspypUe;J) jt;gh
nra;J kPz;L> njhOifiaAk; filgpbj;J> (Vio thpahfpa) [fhj;Jk;
(Kiwg;gbf;) nfhLj;J tUthh;fshdhy; (mth;fis) mth;fs; topapy; tpl;L
tpLq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> fpUigAila tdhfTk;
,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 9 ]_uj;Jj; jt;gh - 5tJ trdk;)
Nkw;gb trdk; xU Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ.

3. mnkhpf;f - tpal;ehk; Nghh; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNa Nghh; ele;j nra;jp ehk; mditUk; mwpe;j xd;W.
mt;thW Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpNah my;yJ mnkhpf;f
uhZtj; jsgjpNah> mnkhpf;f tPuh;fsplk; - “vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs; tpal;ehk;fhuh;fis
fhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;> vd;W cj;jutpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. Nkw;gb Nghh;r; #oiyg; gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; - jdpNa “'vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs;
tpal;ehk; fhuh;fis fhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;" vd;W nrhd;djhf nrhd;dhy;
- ehk; mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpiaNah my;yJ mnkhpf;f uhZtj; jsgjpiaNah kpfg;nghpa
nfhiyahsp vd;Wjhd; vz;zj; Njhd;Wk;. khwhf mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; - tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNa
Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp Nkw;fz;lthW nrhd;dhh; vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;lhy; mJ mwpT g+h;tkhfj; Njhd;Wk;. mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp> mnkhpf;f uhZt
tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf mt;thW nrhd;dhh; vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

4. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk; ,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf

nrhy;yg;gl;lNj.!
mJNghyNt mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; xd;gJ ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; Ie;jhtJ trdk;
,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. Nghh; elf;Fk; nghOJ
vjphpfis fz;L gae;J tplhjPh;fs;. mth;fis ntl;b tPo;j;Jq;fs; vd;w ,];yhkpa Nghh;
tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa%l;LfpwJ - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;.

5. mUz; #hp Ie;jhtJ trdj;jpypUe;J 7tJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;:

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp tpkhprpg;gijNa tof;fkhff; nfhz;lth; ,e;jpahtpd; gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh;

mUz; #hp. mth; vOjpAs;s “ '/gj;th cyfk;" (The World of Fatwah) vd;fpw Gj;jfj;jpd;
572 tJ gf;fj;jpy; mUs;kiwapd; Nkw;gb trdj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;shh;. Ie;jhtJ
trdj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;s mth; cldbahf VohtJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;. ,jd;
%yk; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz; #hp Ie;Jf;Fk; VOf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s 6tJ trdj;ij
tpl;Ltpl;lhh; vd;gJ mwpTs;s ve;j kdpjUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

6. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; 6tJ trdk; Nkw;gb

fl;Lf;fij cz;ikay;y vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ.

7
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; MwhtJ trdk; ,];yhk;
td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iy
vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ. mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.

'(egpNa!) K\;hpf;Ffspy; ahNuDk; ck;kplk; Gfyplk; Njb te;jhy;>

my;yh`;Tila trdq;fis mth; nrtpNaw;Fk; tiuapy; mtUf;F mgakspg;gPuhf!.
mjd;gpd; mtiu ghJfhg;G fpilf;Fk; NtW ,lj;jpw;F (gj;jpukhf) mDg;GtPuhf.
Vndd;why; mth;fs; epr;rakhf mwpahj r%fj;jpduhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;."(mj;jpahak; 9
]_uj;Jj; jt;gh 6tJ trdk;)

mUs;kiw Fh;Md;> Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fs;

cq;fsplk; Gfyplk; NjLthh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fSf;F mgakspAq;fs; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL epd;W
tplhky;> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F nrd;wilAk; tiu mtUf;F ghJfhg;gspAq;fs;
vd;Wk; typAWj;JfpwJ. ,d;iwa etehfhPf cyfj;jpy; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; xU uhZtj;
jsgjpahf ,Ue;jhy; - Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis kd;dpj;J
tpl;Ltplyhk;. Mdhy; ve;j uhZt jsgjp vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd
,lj;ijr; nrd;wilAk;tiu mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;fr; nrhy;yp cj;jutpl;bUf;fpwhh;?

,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf;

$ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iy. mikjpiaAk; - rkhjhdj;ijAk; tpUk;gf;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gij
Nkw;$wpa Fh;Mdpa trdj;jpypUe;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 4

Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;w
gd;ikahd nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if
cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?.

gjpy;:

,];yhk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l khh;f;fk;. tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpatd;

my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,y;iy vd;fpw nfhs;ifapy; ve;jtpj khWghLk; ,d;wp nray;gl;L
tuf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. my;yh`; xUtNd. mtDf;nfd;W jdpj;jd;ikfs; cz;L
vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ve;jtpj khw;wKkpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`; jd;idg;gw;wp
Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
mt;thW “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;Jtjhy; ,];yhk; gy
nja;tf; nfhs;ifia cilaJ vd;fpw thjk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahj thjkhFk;.

,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs;

xt;nthU nkhopapYk; ,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs; cs;sd. xd;W -vz;zpf;ifapy; my;yJ

mstpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fs; cz;nldpy; mjid 'gd;ik" vd;gJk;> xU kdpjUf;F
mspf;ff; $ba 'khpahijg; gd;ik" vd;Wk; ,uz;L tifahd gd;ikfs; cs;sd.

1) cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpy nkhopapy; - ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; uhzp jd;idg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;

nghOJ “I vd;W Fwpg;gplhky; “We vd;W Fwpg;gpLthh;. ,jw;F “khpahijg; gd;ik
(Royal Plural) vd;W ngah;.

2) ,we;J Nghd ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dhs; gpujkh; uh[Pt; fhe;jp `pe;jpapy; NgRk;

nghOnjy;yhk; “'`k; Njf;dh [hj;jh i`" “'ehk; ghh;f;f tpUk;GfpNwhk;" vd;W
ciuahw;Wtij tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,q;Fk; “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp

8
 thh;j;ijf;F “'ehk;" vd;W nghUshFk;. “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp thh;j;ijia - `pe;jp
nkhopapy; cs;s khpahijg; gd;ikf;F cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.

3) mJ NghyNt my;yh`;> jd;idg; gw;wp mUs;kiwapy; Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ “'e`;D" (ehk;

my;yJ ehq;fs; vd;w nghUs;) vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j
thh;j;ijf;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJ vd;fpw mh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w gd;ik my;y. khwhf
khpahijg; gd;ikf;F gad;gLj;jf; $ba thh;j;ij.

Vfj;Jtk; my;yJ Xhpiwf; nfhs;if vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil J}z;fspy; xd;W.

my;yh`; xUtNd ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtdJ jd;ikfs; jdpj;jit. jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jit
vd;fpw trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; gyKiw nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; E}w;Wg; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; ,f;yh]pd; Kjy; trdk;
fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf!. my;yh`; - mtd; xUtNd.!(mj;jpahak; 112 ]_uj;Jy;

,f;yh]; - 1tJ trdk;)

Nkw;fz;l mUs;kiwapd; trdj;jpypUe;J ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;iff;F chpa

khh;f;fk; vd;gij njspthfj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 05

',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J

Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

gjpy;: tpiutpy;

Nfs;tp vz;: 06
,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy; mUsg;gl;l
trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW
nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;Lg; gpd;dh; NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk;
nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?.

gjpy;:

tpj;jpahrkhd ,uz;L nghUs; nfhs;sy;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW

$Wfpd;wJ:

'VNjDk; xU trdj;ij ehk; khw;wpdhy; my;yJ kwf;fr; nra;jhy; mijtpl

rpwe;jijNah my;yJ mJ Nghd;wijNah ehk; nfhz;L tUNthk;. epr;rakhf
my;yh`; midj;Jg; nghUl;fspd; kPJk; rf;jpAs;std; vd;gij ePh;
mwpatpy;iyah?." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 106tJ trdk;)
Nkw;gb trdj;jpw;F mzpNrh;f;Fk; tifapy; mUs;kiwapd; gjpdhwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;
e`;ypd; 101 tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ehk; xU trdj;ij kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; ,lj;jpy; khw;wpdhy;

(ck;kplk;) “ ''epr;rakhf ePh; ,l;Lf;fl;Lgtuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPh;"" vd;W mth;fs;
$Wfpwhh;fs;. v(e;j Neuj;jpy; v)ij ,wf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij my;yh`;Nt

9
ed;fwpe;jtd;. vdpDk; mth;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; ,t;Tz;ikia mwpa
khl;lhh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 16 ]_uj;Jd; e`;y; - 101tJ trdk;)
Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L trdq;fspYk; 'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
Nkw;gb “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “',iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfs;" vd;Wk; ',iwtrdq;fs;"
vd;Wk; “',iw Ntjq;fs;" vd;Wk; mh;j;jk; nfhs;syhk;. mUs;kiwapd; ,uz;lhk; mj;jpahak;
]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106 tJ trdj;jpw;F ehk; ,U tpjq;fspy; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.
a. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iwNtjq;fs; vd;W
nghUs; nfhz;lhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs;
kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;gpUe;j Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; Ntjq;fs; vd;W
nghUs; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. Fh;MDf;F Ke;ija Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h;
Nghd;w Ntjq;fs; kwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;Sjy; $lhJ. khwhf
mitfSf;Fr; rkkhd my;yJ mitfistplr; rpwe;j Ntjkhd Fh;Mid
mUspapUf;fpwhd; vd;Wjhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

b. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iw trdq;fs;

vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy;> Nkw;gb trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s trdq;fs;
vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs; kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;dhy; mUsg;gl;l
Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; - Ntjq;fspy; cs;s trdq;fs; vd;W nghUs;
nfhs;sf; $lhJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; vJTk; my;yh`;thy;
tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhf fUjf; $lhJ. khwhf Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F
rkkhf my;yJ Nkw;gb trdq;fis tplr; rpwe;j trdq;fis mUspapUg;gjhfj;jhd;
nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dh; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fSf;F rkkhf my;yJ mijtpl
rpwe;j trdk; gpd;dh; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhfj;jhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

K];ypk;fspYk;> K];ypk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fspYk; gyNgh; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F nghUs;

nfhs;Sk; NghJ> xU tp\aj;ijg; gw;wp Gjpa trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j tp\ak;
rk;ge;jkhf Kd;dhy; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fs; tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd
jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Ke;ija trdq;fs; ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpw;Fg;
nghUe;jhJ vd;Wk;> gioa trdq;fSf;Fr; rkkhf my;yJ> ,d;Dk; rpwg;gpw;Fhpa Gjpa
trdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhy; Ke;ija trdq;fis tof;fpypUe;J tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,d;Dk; Ke;ija trdq;fs; - Gjpjhf
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fNshL Kuz;gLfpd;wJ vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
,t;thW ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis rpytw;iw cjhuzq;fNshL ehk; Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

2. KO Fh;Midg; Nghd;w xd;iwNah my;yJ Fh;Mdpy; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis

Nghd;wtw;iwNah my;yJ xNu xU mj;jpahaj;ijg; Nghd;Nwh nfhz;L tUkhW gzpj;jy;.

,];yhj;ij vjph;j;J te;j mugpfspy; xU rpyh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjky;y.

khwhf mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;jdh;.
mt;thW Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpLk; tpjkhf> my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
fPof;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fpaUspdhd;:

',e;j Fh;Mid Nghd;w xd;iwf; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf kdpjh;fSk;> [pd;fSk;

xd;W Nrh;e;J (Kad;W)> mth;fspy; rpyh; rpyUf;F cjtp Ghpgth;fshf
,Ue;jhYk;> ,J Nghd;w xd;iw mth;fs; nfhz;L tu KbahJ> vd;W (egpNa!)
ePh; $Wk;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; gdP ,];yhaPy; - 88tJ trdk;.)
Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;> fPo;f;fz;l
trdj;jpd; %yk; rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

10
'my;yJ “ ,(t; Ntjj;)ij mth; ngha;ahff; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhu;! vd;W
mth;fs; $Wfpwhh;fsh? “ (mg;gbahdhy;) ePq;fSk; ,ijg;Nghd;w fw;gid
nra;ag;gl;l gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L thUq;fs; - ''ePq;fs; cz;ikahsuhf
,Ue;jhy;! my;yh`;itj; jtph;j;J cq;fSf;Fr; rhj;jpakhd vy;NyhiuANk
(,jw;Fj; Jiz nra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W (egpNa!) ePh;
$WtPuhf. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{J - 13 tJ trdk;.)
Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fPo;f;fz;l trdq;fspd; %yk; jdJ rthiy
NkYk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

',ij (ek; J}juhfpa) mth; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhh; vd mth;fs;

$Wfpd;whh;fsh? (egpNa!) ePh; $Wk;: “ePq;fs; (cq;fs; $w;wpy;)
cz;ikahsh;fshf ,Ue;jhy;> ,jpYs;sijg;Nghy; Xh; mj;jpahaj;ijf; nfhz;L
thUq;fs;: my;yh`;itad;wp cq;fshy; rhj;jpakhdth;fis (cq;fSf;F cjtp
nra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!"" vd;W. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; A+D];
- 38 tJ trdk;.)

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy;

ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;- (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ik
cilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis
(nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J)f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh;
mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;."
'mg;gb ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ -
kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;)
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ."“ (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02
]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,t;thW my;yh`; ]{g;`hd`{tj;jhyh jdJ rthiy rpwpJ rpwpjhf vspjhf;Ffpwhd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Kjypy; mUs;kiw gw;wp Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F - Fh;Midg; Nghd;W
NtnwhU Ntjj;ij nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. gpd;G Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W gj;J
mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. filrpahf Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W xNu xU
mj;jpahaj;ijNaDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W gzpf;fpwJ. ,t;thW nfhz;L tUtjw;F
fl;lisapl;ljd; %yk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23
kw;Wk; 24 tJ trdq;fs; mjw;F Kd;Gs;s Kd;W trdq;fshd 17:88> 11:13> 10:38 Mfpa
trdq;fNshL Kuz;gltp;y;iy. ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; my;yJ nray;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
khWgLk; epiyf;F - (mjhtJ ,uz;L nray;fs; my;yJ fUj;Jfs; xNu Neuj;jpy; nray;gl
Kbahj epiyf;F) Kuz;ghL vd;W nghUs;.

mUs; Kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpNdohtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 88 tJ trdk; mjw;F gpd; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l

kw;w trdq;fs; %ykhf khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lhYk;> me;j trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd;
thh;j;ijahf - mJ nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhf -,d;Wk; epiyngw;Ws;sJ. me;j
trdj;jpd; %yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tpLj;j rthy; ,d;iwf;Fk; epiyngw;W epw;fpwJ.
mJNghyNt mjw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s trdq;fshd 11:13 kw;Wk; 10:38 Nghd;w trdq;fSk;
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd; thh;j;ijfshf mitfs; nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhf
epiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUSk; ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUNshLk; Kuz;glhky;
- mitfs; nrhy;yf; $ba nghUSf;F chpa epiyapy; epiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. filrpapy;
nrhy;yg;gl;l trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthyhdJ Ke;ija trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;l
rthiytpl vspjhdJ. ,t;thW filrp trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l vspjhd rthNy ,d;Dk;

11
epiwNtw;wg; glhjNghJ> Ke;ija %d;W trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthiy epiwNtw;WtJ
vd;fpw nraYf;F ,lkpy;iy.

cjhuzj;jpw;F - gbg;gpy; ke;jkhf cs;s xU khztidg; ghh;j;J - mtd; gj;jhtJ tFg;gpy;

NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;dh;
mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Ie;jhtJ tFg;gpy; NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W
nrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Kjyhk; tFg;gpy; $lj; NjWtjw;F
jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. ,Wjpapy; mth; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;F
jFhpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU khztd; gs;spapy;
Nru Ntz;Lnkdpy; Kjypy; ghyh; gs;spapy; Njw Ntz;Lk;. ehd; filrpahf nrhd;dJ
vd;dntspy; - Nkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd;
,y;iy vd;W nrhd;Ndd;. ehd; NkNy nrhd;d ehd;F thf;Ffspy; vJTk; - xd;Wf; nfhd;W
Kuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ed;whff; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,Wjpahf ehd; nrhd;d
Nkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd; ,y;iy vd;fpw
thf;F khj;jpuk; Nkw;gb khztdpd; mwpTj; jpwid mwpe;J nfhs;s NghJkhdjhFk;. ghyh;
gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;F jFjpapy;yhj khztd; - Kjyhk; tFg;gpYk;> Ie;jhk; tFg;gpYk;>
gj;jhk; tFg;gpYk; Njh;T ngWthd; vd;fpw nray;fSf;Nf ,lkpy;yhky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ.

3. NghijA+l;Lk; kJit gbg;gbahf jilnra;jy;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F NkYk; Xh; cjhuzk; Nghija+l;Lk; kJit

gbg;gbahf jilnra;jy; rk;ge;jkhd trdq;fs; MFk;. fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219 tJ trdk; FbNghijia jilnra;tJ gw;wp
,wq;fpa Kjy; trdkhFk;.

'(egpNa!) kJ ghdj;ijAk;> #jhl;lj;ijAk; gw;wp mth;fs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpd;wdh;:

ePh; $Wk;: mt;tpuz;bYk; ngUk; ghtk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ: kdpjh;fSf;F (mtw;wpy; rpy)
gyd;fSKz;L: Mdhy; mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s ghtk;> mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s
gyidtplg; nghpJ." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219tJ trdk;)
Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; dp\htpd; 43tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs! ePq;fs; XJtJ ,d;dJ vd;W ePq;fs; mwpe;J

nfhs;s KbahjthW ePq;fs; Nghijapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ njhOiff;F
neUq;fhjPh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 43tJ trdk;)
Fb Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp filrpahf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhNu! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis topgLjYk;>

mk;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk;> i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj; jf;fr;
nray;fspYs;sitahFk;: MfNt ,tw;iw ePq;fs; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. -
mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPh;fs;. " (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 90tJ trdk;)
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; egpj;Jtk; ngw;w gpd;G> mth;fs; capNuhL
tho;e;jpUe;j fhykhd ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy; rpwpJ rpwpjhf
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; rKjhaj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk;
gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rKjhaj;jpy; jpBnud- vjph;ghuhj tpjj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
khw;wq;fs;> fyfk; my;yJ Fog;gk; tpistpf;f fhuzkhf mikayhk;. vdNt rKjhaj;jpy;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk; gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ

12
kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;Ak; trdq;fs; %d;W epiyfspy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.
KjyhtJ trdk; kJghd Nghijapy; ngUk; ghtKk;> rpy gad;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy;
ghtkhdJ gyidtpl mjpfkhFk; vd;W czh;j;JfpwJ. kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;tJ
gw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wq;fpa trdk;> NghijNahL ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; njhOifia
Nkw;nfhs;shjPh;fs; vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ. njhOk; fhyq;fspy; - Nghijapy; ,Uj;jy; jil
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lk; trdk;> njhohj epiyapy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh -
$lhjh vd;gJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh? ,Uf;ff; $lhjh?
vd;gJ gw;wp Fh;Md; Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. njhohj Neuq;fspy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhk;
vd;W Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Ue;jhy;> mJ nrhd;d Ke;ija trdj;NjhL fz;bg;ghf
Kuz;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; my;yh`; rhpahd thh;j;ijfis Njh;e;njLj;J mUs;kiw Fh;Mid
,wf;fpaUsp ,Uf;fpwhd;. vdNtjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy. filrpahf
vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; Nghijia jil nra;Ak; trdk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 trdj;jpd; %yk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ.

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ehk; njspthf

mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;lhy;>
rkfhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fisAk; ehk; gpd;gw;w Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. xU K];ypk;
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; midj;J trdq;fisAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUg;gjhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
trdq;fspy; filrpahf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdkhd Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdj;ij gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkak; mjw;F Kd;dhy;
,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l ,uz;L trdq;fisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;F nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G ehd;
fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. filrpahf ehd; nrhy;fpNwd; ehd;
mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; vJTk;
xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf vdJ xt;nthU $w;Wk; mjpfkhd tpguq;fisj;jhd;
jUfpd;wd. vdJ %d;whtJ $w;W Ke;ija vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,t;thwhf ehd; filrpahf nrhd;d - ehd; mnkhpf;fh nrd;wjpy;iy
vd;w vdJ $w;W vdJ Ke;ija ,uz;L $w;Wf;fshd ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;F
nrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehd; fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk;
cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

mJNghyNt> vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; NghjiAld; ,Ug;gJ jil nra;ag; gl;ljw;fhd trdk;

,wq;fpaTld;> njhOif Neuj;jpy; NghijAld; ,Ug;gJTk; jhdhfNt jil nra;ag;
gl;Ltpl;lJ. jtpu NghijAld; ,Ug;gth;fSf;F cz;lhd “'NghijAld; ,Ug;gjpy;
ed;ikia tpl jPikNa mjpfk;" - vd;fpw nra;jpAk; ,d;W tiu mopahj cz;ikahf tpsq;fp
tUfpwJ.

4. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy.

NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;ll trdq;fspy; “ 'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" ia eilKiw gLj;jtjw;fhd

rhj;jpaf; $WfNs ,y;iy. Vnddpy; NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;l trdq;fs; %d;iwAk; Vf
fhyj;jpy; xd;whf gpd;gw;wp elf;ff; $ba rhj;jpaf; $WfNs mjpfkhf cs;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Ntjk; vd;gjhy; - mjpy; Kuz;ghLfis

fhzKbahJ. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf mUs; kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahk;
]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 82 tJ trdk; mike;Js;sij fhzyhk;:

'mth;fs; ,e;j Fh;Mid (ftdkhf) rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?. (,J) my;yh`; my;yhj

gpwhplkpUe;J te;jpUe;jhy;> ,jpy; Vuhskhd Kuz;ghLfis mth;fs; fz;bUg;ghh;fs;."
(mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 82tJ trdk;)

13
Nfs;tp vz; 7.
Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - vdTk; - `hkPk; vdTk; - ah]Pd; vdTk;
Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?.

gjpy; :
myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;> ah]Pd;> `hkPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fSf;F mugpapy; “'my;-Kfj;jjj;"
(RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs;) vd;W ngah;. mugp nkhopapy; nkhj;jk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ (myp/g; -
kw;Wk; `k;]; vd;fpw vOj;Jf;fis ,uz;lhf fUjpdhy;) vOj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mNjNghy
mUs; kiw Fh;MdpYk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ mj;jpahaq;fs; Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fis
nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thW RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; jdpj;Jk;>
rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; ,uz;lhfTk;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; %d;W vOj;Jf;fshfTk;> rpy
mj;jpahaq;fspy; ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J vOj;Jf;fshfTk; Nrh;e;J tUk;.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; %d;W mj;jpahaq;fs; xNu xU vOj;jpid nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

i. mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;J]; ]hj; - ]hj; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

ii. mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; /fh/g; - /fh/g; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.
iii. mj;jpahak; 68 ]{uj;Jy; fyk; - E}d; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fs; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

i. mj;jpahak; 20 ]{uj;Jj; jh`h “jh - `h- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L

Jtq;FfpwJ.
ii. mj;jpahak; 27 ]{uj;Jd; ek;y; “jh - ]Pd;- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L
Jtq;FfpwJ.
iii. mj;jpahak; 36 ]{uj;Jy; ah]Pd; “ah - ]Pd; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L
Jtq;FfpwJ.
iv. mj;jpahak; 40 ]{uj;Jy; K/kpd;
v. mj;jpahak; 41 ]{uj;J `hkPk; ][;jh
vi. mj;jpahak; 42 ]{uj;Jy; m\;\{wh
vii. mj;jpahak; 43 ]{uj;Jy; m[; [{f;U/g;
viii. mj;jpahak; 44 ]{uj;Jj; Jfhd;
ix. mj;jpahak; 45 ]{uj;Jy; [h]pah
x. mj;jpahak; 46 ]{uj;Jy; m`;fh/g;

Mfpa mUs;kiwapd; VO mj;jpahaq;fSk; “ `h - kPk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis

nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gjpdhd;F mj;jpahaq;fs; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L

Jtq;Ffpd;wd.
i. mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuh
ii. mj;jpahak; %d;W ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhd;
iii. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j;
iv. mj;jpahak; Kg;gJ ]{uj;Jy; &k;
v. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;W ]{uj;Jy; Yf;khd;
vi. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; ][;jh Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; -
yhk; - kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.
vii. mj;jpahak; gj;J ]{uj;Jy; a+D];
viii. mj;jpahak; gjpndhd;W ]{uj;Jy; `{j;

14
ix. mj;jpahak; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; a+]{g;
x. mj;jpahak; gjpd;%d;W ]{uj;Jy; uhj;
xi. mj;jpahak; gjpd;ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ,g;wh`pk;
xii. mj;jpahak; gjpide;J ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; - yhk; -
uh vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.
xiii. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J MW ]{uj;Jy; m];]{uh
xiv. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J vl;L ]{uj;Jy; f]]; Mfpa ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fSk; jh - ]Pd; -
kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L

Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; VO ]{uj;Jy; m/uhg; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ]hj; vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis
nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mj;jpahak; vl;L ]{uj;Jy; md;/ghy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - uh - vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis
nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; 19 ]{uj;Jy; kh;ak; fh/g; - `h- ah- ma;d;-]hj; - vd;Dk; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis
Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mj;jpahak; 42 ]{uj;Jy; m\;-\{wh- `h- kPk; - ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; - vd;Dk; Ie;J
vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j Ie;J vOj;Jf;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; ,uz;L
trdq;fshd njhlh;e;J tUfpd;wd. mjhtJ `h- kPk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fs; Kjy;
trdkhfTk;> mjidj; mLj;J ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; -vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;lhtJ
trdkhfTk; njhlh;fpd;wd.

2. RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd tpsf;fk;:

RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;fhd mh;j;jKk; Nehf;fKk; njsptpy;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk;> mUs;kiwapy;

fhzg;gLk; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F ntt;Ntwhd gy tpsf;fq;fs; me;je;j fhyj;jpy;
tho;e;J te;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf fhz;Nghk;.

i. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s rpy trdq;fSf;F cz;lhd

RUf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; vd;gjw;F “md-my;yh`{-
Myk; - vd;gjpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;Wk;> “ 'E}d;" vd;gjw;F “ 'E}h;" (xsp)
vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk; vdTk;>
ii. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; my;y. khwhf my;yh`;tpd; ngah;fs;
my;yJ mtdJ milahsq;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;>
iii. Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; uhfj;Jld; cr;rhpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vdTk;>
iv. muG vOj;Jf;fspy; rpytw;Wf;F vz; kjpg;G cs;sijg;Nghd;W> ,e;j vOj;Jf;fSf;Fk;
Kf;fpakhd vz; kjpg;Gfs; vJTk; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vdTk;>
v. ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf (gpd;dh;
,iwtrdj;ij Nfl;gth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf) ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;>
Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs;
ek;kpilNa cs;sd.

15
3. mUs;kiwapd; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd rpwe;j tpsf;fk;:

Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs;

ek;kpilNa ,Ue;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,g;D-fjPh; mth;fspd; tpsf;fKk;>
\kf;]hhp> kw;Wk; ,g;D-ijk;kpah MfpNahh;fshy; rhpfhzg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW:

,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; rpy mbg;gil %yf;$Wfshy; MdJ kdpj cly; vd;gJ ehk;
midtUk; mwpe;j tp\ak;. fspkz;Zk;> kz;Zk; ,aw;ifapy; cs;s mbg;gil %yf;$Wfspy;
cs;sjhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kdpj cly; kz;zhy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij vz;Zk;NghJ
rphpf;fj;jhd; Njhd;WfpwJ.

kdpj clypd; ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfshd kz;izAk;> fspkz;izAk;;> jz;zPiuAk; ehk;

vy;NyhUk; vspjpy; ngwf;$ba epiyapNyNa ,Ue;jhYk;> Nkw;gb ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfisf;
nfhz;L - kdpj cliy gilf;f ek;khy; KbahJ. kdpjd; ,d;d %yf;$Wfis
nfhz;Ljhd; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij ehk; ed;whf mwpe;jpUe;Jk; gilg;gpd; ufrpak; gw;wp ehk;
vJTk; mwpahjth;fshfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

mNjNghd;W ,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j Fh;Mid kWg;gth;fSf;F - jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ.

,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mugp nkhopapNyNa cs;sJ vd;gJ gw;wp ngUik
nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNugpah;fSf;F jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. mNugpah;fs; mbf;fb
cr;rhpf;ff;$ba vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ljhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij
mNugpah;fSf;F mwptpf;fpwJ.

mNugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nkhopiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhs;sf; $bath;fs;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md;

,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNghJ> muG nkhop - Gfopd; cr;rf; fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j Neuk;. myp/g; - yhk; -
kPk;> ah - ]Pd;> `h-kPk; Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis cs;slf;fp ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; kdpj
Fyj;jpw;F miw $ty; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,wij;jd;ikapy; ePq;fs; re;Njfk;
cilath;fshf ,Ug;gpd;> ,J Nghd;W xU Neh;j;jpahd> mofhd mj;jpahaj;ij ePq;fs;
nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ.

Muk;gj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjh;fSf;Fk;> [pd;fSf;Fk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;w

xd;iw cUthf;FkhW rthy; tpLfpwJ. kdpjh;fSk; - [pd;fSk; jq;fSf;Fs;
xUnthUf;nfhUth; cjtp nra;J nfhz;lhYk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;w xd;iw cUthf;f
KbahJ vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd rthy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 17tJ mj;jpahak; -
]{uj;Jy; gdP - ,];uhaPypd; 88tJ trdj;jpYk;> 52tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 34tJ
trdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;.

gpd;dh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nkw;gb rthiy kPz;Lk; kdpjh;fsplk; itf;fpwJ. mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd; 11tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `{jpd; 13tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ
Nghd;W gj;J trdq;fisahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; 10tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 38tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ
Nghd;W xU trdj;ijahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ.
,Wjpahf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23 kw;Wk; 24 tJ
mj;jpahaj;jpd; %ykhf Nkw;gb rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ:

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy;

ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;> (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ik
cilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis
(nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J) f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh;
mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;."
'(mg;gb) ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ
- kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf;
16
nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;)
epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02
]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,uz;L fiyQh;fspd; jpwikia kjpg;gpl Ntz;Lnkdpy;> fiyQh;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk; xNu

tpjkhd nghUisr; nra;ar; nrhy;yp> xNu tpjkhd %yg; nghUs;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUk; ijaw;fiyQh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk;
xNu tpjkhd Jzpiaf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjNghyNt mugp nkhopapd; %yg; nghUs;
vJntdpy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ah - ]Pd; Nghd;w mugp vOj;Jf;fs; MFk;. ,iwj;jd;ik
tha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhop cz;ikiaNa NgRk;. Vnddpy; mJ my;yh`;tpd;
NtjkhFk;. mugpah;fs; ve;j nkhopaiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhz;bUe;jhh;fNsh mNj nkhopjhd;
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,wf;fg;gl;l nkhopAkhFk;.

mugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nrhy;yhl;rp jpwDf;Fk;> ehtd;ikf;Fk;> mh;j;jKs;s cr;rhpg;Gf;Fk; ngah;

Nghdth;fs;. vg;gb kdpj clypy; cs;s %yf; $Wfs; vd;dntd;W ehk; midtUk;
mwpNthNkh - me;j %yf; $Wfis ehk; vt;thW ngwTk; KbANkh - mJNghy -mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; RUf;fg;gl;l myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fis mugpah;fs; midtUk;
mwpthh;fs;;. me;j vOj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L thh;j;ijfisAk; cUthf;Fthh;fs;.

kdpj clypy; vd;ndd;d %yf; $Wfs; cs;sd vd;W ehk; mwpe;jpUe;jhYk; kdpj cliy
ek;khy; vt;thW cUthf;f KbahNjh - mJNghy mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s vOj;Jf;fis
mugpah;fs; mwpe;J tij;jpUe;jhYk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;W nrhw;
gpuNahfq;fis mth;fshy; gad; gLj;j KbahJ. ,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jd;Dila
,iwj;jd;ikia ep&gpf;fpwJ.

4. xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;F gpwFk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jdJ ,iwj;jd;ikia

vLj;J itf;fpwJ.

vdNtjhd; xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; mlq;fpa trdk; Kbe;jJk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;

jdJ jdpj; jd;ikia gw;wp vLj;J ciuf;fpwJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;L

trdq;fs;:

'myp/g; yhk; kPk;. ,J (my;yh`;tpd;) jpU NtjkhFk;. ,jpy; vj;jifa

re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. gagf;jpAilNahUf;F (,J) Neh;top fhl;bahFk;." (mj;jpahak;
2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;L trdq;fs;)

Nfs;tp vz;: 8

'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;. ,e;j

trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;> g+kp
cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf mike;Js;sJ
,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

1. g+kp Xh; tphpg;ghf gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Nkw;gb Nfs;tp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 71tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}`;tpd; 19tJ trdj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:
'md;wpAk;> my;yh`;> cq;fSf;fhf g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;fpdhd;".

17
Nkw;gb trdk; mj;NjhL Kbe;J tplttpy;iy. mjid mLj;j trdj;jpy; Ke;ija
trdj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; nrhy;fpwJ.

'mjpy; ePq;fs; nry;tjw;fhf tprhykhd ghijfisAk; mikj;jhd;." (mj;jpahak; 71

]_uj;J E}`; - 20tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpia kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; %ykhfTk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf;
fhl;LfpwJ. Fh;Mdpd; 20tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mtNd) cq;fSf;fhf ,g;g+kpia xU tphpg;ghf mikj;jhd;. ,d;Dk; mjpy;

cq;fSf;Fg; ghijfis ,Nyrhf;fpdhd;.." (mj;jpahak; 20 ]_uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJ
trdk;)

g+kpapd; Nky; gFjp Kg;gJ iky;fSf;Fk; Fiwthd mlh;j;jpiaf; nfhz;lJ. %thapuj;J

vOE}w;wk;igJ iky;fs; Rw;wsitf; nfhz;l g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ - Kg;gJ
iky; mlh;j;jp vd;gJ kpfTk; nky;ypaJjhd;. G+kpapd; mbg;gFjpahdJ ntg;gkhd -
jputepiyapy; cs;sJ. g+kpapy; Nky; gFjpapy; thof;$ba ve;jtpjkhd caphpdKk; - g+kpapd;
mbg;gFjpapy; tho Kbahj msTf;F ntg;g epiy mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; g+kpapd; Nky;
gFjp caphpdq;fs; thof;$ba rpwe;j nfl;bahd epiyapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. g+kpia tphpg;ghf;fp mjpy;
ehk; gazk; nra;af; $ba msTf;F ghijfis mikj;J je;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W mUs;kiw
Fh;Md; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhy;fpwJ.

2. tphpg;Gfis rkkhd jiuiaj; jtpu - kw;w ,lq;fspYk; gug;gyhk;.

g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;W $l fpilahJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; - g+kpapd; Nkw;gFjpia xU tphpg;Gld; xg;gpLfpwJ. rpy Ngh;
tphpg;Gf;fs; rkkhd jiuapy; khj;jpuk;jhd; tphpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.
tphpg;Gf;fis nghpa g+kp Nghd;w Nfhsj;jpd; kPJk; tphpf;fyhk; my;yJ gug;gyhk;. xU nghpa g+kp
cUz;ilapd; khjphp xd;iw vLj;J - xU tphpg;ig mjd; kPJ gug;gpg; ghh;j;jhy; - Nkw;gb
fUj;J cz;ik vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

nghJthf tphpg;Gfs; - ele;J nry;tjw;F trjpahfj;jhd; tphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mUs;kiw

Fh;Md; xU tphpg;ig g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpf;F cjhuzkhf fhl;LfpwJ. g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy;
cs;s tphpg;Gg; Nghd;w gFjp ,y;iy vdpy; g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s ntg;gj;jpd; fhuzkhf
g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy; cs;s ve;j capupdKk; caph; tho Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. ,t;thW
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb $w;W mwpT G+h;tkhdNjhL> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,t;Tyfpw;F te;J
gy E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF Gtpapay; ty;Ydh;fshy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikiag;
gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;.

3. g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ:

mNjNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; gw;wp

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

',d;Dk;> g+kpia - ehk; mjid tphpj;Njhk;: vdNt> ,t;thW tphpg;gth;fspy; ehk;

Nkk;ghLilNahk;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 51tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jhhpahj;jpd;
48tJ trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

mJNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 78tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eghtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdk;
fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

18
'ehk; ,g;g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;ftpy;iyah?. ,d;Dk; kiyfis Kisfshf
Mf;ftpy;iyah?"
g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W ehk; rpwpNjDk; nghUs;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ve;j
trdKk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fwpg;gpLtnjy;yhk; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;Wjhd;.
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;W Fwpg;gplf; fhuzk; vd;d? vd;W mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 29 ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j;jpd; 56tJ trdk; ekf;Fj; njspthfj;
njhptpf;fpd;wJ.

'<khd; nfhz;l vd; mbahh;fNs!. epr;rakhf vd; g+kp tprhykhdJ: Mifahy;

ePq;fs; vd;idNa tzq;Fq;fs;."
Nkw;gb trdj;ij njhpe;j vtUk; Rw;Wg;Gw - #oypd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; vd;dhy; ey;yJ nra;a
Kbatpy;iy. ehd; Fw;wq;fisNar; nra;J te;Njd; vdNt vd;id kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs; vd;W
my;yh`;tplk; nrhy;y KbahJ.

4. g+kp [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpyhdJ:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 79tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eh[pahj;jpd; 30tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW

$Wfpd;wJ.

',jd; gpd;dh; mtNd g+kpia tphpj;jhd;."

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; “ 'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. “'j`h`h"
vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F Kl;il tbtk; vd;Wk; tphpj;jy; vd;Wk; ,uz;L mh;j;jq;fs; cz;L.
'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij “'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.
Nkw;gb “ 'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpypUf;Fk;
neUg;Gf; Nfhopapd; Kl;il vd;W nghUs;. g+kpAk; [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy;jhd;
cs;sJ.

,t;thW g+kp [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy; cs;sJ vd;fpw etPd mwptpay;

cz;ikAk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $Wk; trdq;fSk; xj;jf; fUj;ij cilaJjhd;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 9.

my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;)
vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk;
'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij
(Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;Jt
mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

1. my;yh`; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd;:

jhapd; tapw;wpy; cs;s fU Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij gw;wp khj;jpuk; mwpe;jtd;jhd;
my;yh`; vd;W gyh; ek;gpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 31tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
Yf;khdpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
'epr;rakhf me;j (fpahk) Neuk; gw;wpa Qhdk; my;yh`;tplNk ,Uf;fpwJ: mtNd
kioiaAk; ,wf;Ffpwhd;. ,d;Dk; mtNd fh;g;gq;fspy; cs;stw;iwAk;
mwpfpwhd;..!"

19
Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpiag; Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh;
u/J tpd; 8tJ trdk; fP;o;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xt;nthU ngz;Zk; (fh;g;gj;jpy;) Rke;J nfhz;bUg;gijAk;> fh;g;gg;igfs;

RUq;fpf; FiwtijAk;> mit tphpe;J mjpfhpg;gijAk;> my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;:
xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; mtdplk; msT ,Uf;fpd;wJ."
2. 'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij
(Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk;

jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf
mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

3. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,dk; (SEX) vd;w thh;j;ij Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopahf;fk; nra;jth;fSk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F tpsf;fkspj;jth;fSk; -

jhapd; fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij
kl;Lk;) mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;W jtwhd tpsf;fk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ cz;ik.
Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ePq;fs; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; - ,dk; (SEX) vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;F
epfuhd muG thh;j;ij mjpy; ,y;iy vd;gij ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tPh;fs;. khwhf jhapd;
fUtpy; cs;sij mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;fpw fUj;J ,Ug;gij ePq;fs; czh;tPh;fs;. jhapd;
fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;
mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; jtwhd fUj;jhFk;.

4. my;yh`;itj; jtpu> NtW vtUk; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; jd;ikia KbT nra;a
KbahJ.

Nkw;gb trdk; Foe;ijapd; ghiy (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;)
mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij khj;jpuk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd;
jd;ikfs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mjhtJ jhapd; fUtpy;
cs;s Foe;ij vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;? vd;gijAk;> me;j Foe;ijapd; jd;ik vd;d vd;gijAk;>
fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij mjdJ ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F mUl;nfhilahf ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ
rhgf;Nflhf ,Uf;Fkh? fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij rKjhaj;jpw;F ed;ikahf mikAkh?
my;yJ jPikahf mikAkh? vd;gijAk;> Foe;ij ey;yjh? nfl;ljh vd;gijAk;> Foe;ij
nrhh;f;fj;jpw;F nry;Ykh?. my;yJ eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;Ykh? vd;gd Nghd;w midj;J
tpguq;fisAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; xUtNd vd;gNj Nkw;gb trdj;jpd; nghUshFk;. Kw;wpYk;
Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fUtpfis itj;jpUf;Fk; ve;j xU mwptpay; mwpQuhy; Nkw;gb
tpguq;fis vy;yhk; epr;rakhfr; nrhy;y KbAk;? my;yh`;itj; jtpu.

Nfs;tp vz;: 10

Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy;“'`{h;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg;

ngWthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;Fj; Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?.

gjpy;:

1. “ '`{h;" gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" gw;wp ehd;F ,lq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 44
]{uj;Jj; Jfhdpd; 54tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

“'..NkYk; mth;fSf;F `{Uy;<d;fis ehk; kzk; Kbj;J itg;Nghk;."

20
mj;jpahak; 52 ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 20tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..NkYk; ehk; mth;fSf;F ePz;l fz;fisAila (`{Uy; <d;fis) kzk;

Kbj;J itg;Nghk;."
mj;jpahak; 55 ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 72tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..`{h; (vd;Dk; mofhdth;fs;) $lhuq;fspy; kiwf;fg;gl;bUg;gh;."

mj;jpahak; 56 ]{uj;Jy; thfpMtpd; 22tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mq;F ,th;fSf;F) `{Uy; <d; (vd;Dk; neba fz;fisAilath;fs;)

,Ug;gh;."
2. '`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “ 'mofpa fd;dpah;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk;
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopngah;j;j gy nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; - Fwpg;ghf cUJ nkhopapy; nkhop

ngah;j;j nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpafd;dpah;" vd;W
nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;sdh;. “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpa fd;dpah;" vd;W nghUs;
nfhz;lhy; - mJ Mz;fSf;F kl;Lk;jhd; vd;W MfptpLk;. mg;gbnadpy; ngz;fSf;F vd;d
fpilf;Fk;?.

3. “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijapd; nghUs;.

'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij 'm`;thh;" vd;w mugpthh;j;ijf;Fk; (Mz; ghyUf;F

gad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) “ '`t;uh" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;Fk; (ngz; ghyUf;F
gad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) chpa gd;ikahd (Plural) thh;j;ij MFk;. Fwpg;ghf nrhh;f;fj;jpy;
,Uf;ff; $ba mofpa fz;fis cila Mz;ghyiuNah my;yJ ngz; ghyiuNah
Fwpg;gpLtjw;F Nkw;gb thh;j;ijia gad;gLj;Jth;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; NtW rpy trdq;fspy; Rth;f;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; “'Kj;j`;uJd;" J}a;ikahd

kw;Wk; Gdpjkhd “'m];th[;" - ,iz my;yJ Jiz my;yJ N[hbapidg; ngUtPh;fs; vd;W
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. “'Kj;j`;uJd;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F J}a;ik kw;Wk; Gdpjk; vd;W nghUs;
nfhs;syhk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 25tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:
'(Mdhy;) ek;gpf;if nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs; nra;NthUf;F ed;khuhaq;fs;
$WtPuhf: rjh Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; MWfisf; nfhz;l Rtdr; Nrhiyfs;
mth;fSf;fhf cz;L: mth;fSf;F cz;z mq;fpUe;J VjhtJ fdp
nfhLf;fg;gLk; nghnjy;yhk; “'',JNt Kd;dUk; ekf;F (cyfpy;)
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ"" vd;W $Wthh;fs;: Mdhy; (Njhw;wj;jpy;) ,J
Nghd;wJjhd; (mth;fSf;F cyfj;jpw;) nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd: ,d;Dk;
mth;fSf;F mq;F J}a JizfSk; cz;L: NkYk; mth;fs; mq;Nf epue;jukhf
tho;thh;fs;. (my;-Fh;Md; 2:25)
mNj Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 57tJ trdk;
fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

21
'(mth;fspy;) vth;fs; <khd; nfhz;L ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;fpd;whh;fNsh
mth;fis Rtdgjpfspy; GFj;JNthk;. mtw;wpd; fPNo MWfs; Xbf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;: mtw;wpy; mth;fs; vd;nwd;Wk; ,Ug;gh;: mq;F mth;fSf;Fg;
ghpRj;jkhd JizfSk; cz;L: mth;fis mlh;e;j epoypYk; Eioar;
nra;Nthk;." (4:57)
Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fspypUe;J ehk; mwptJ vd;dntdpy; “'`{h;" vd;w mugp
thh;j;ij Fwpg;ghf ve;j ghiy (Mz;ghy; my;yJ ngz;ghy;) Fwpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;
gltpy;iy vd;gJjhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j K`k;kj;
m]hj; “ '`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F Spouse (fztUf;F kidtpAk; - kidtpf;F
fztUk;) vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk;
nra;j a+Rg; myp “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F Companions (,iz my;yJ Jiz)
vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. ,d;Dk; gy khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb - nrhh;f;fj;jpy;
xU MZf;F mofpa fz;fis cila ngz;Zk;> xU ngz;Zf;F mofpa fz;fis cila
xU MZk; ,izahf my;yJ Jizahf my;yJ N[hbahf fpilg;ghh;fs;.

4. ngz;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; fpilf;fg;ngwhj xd;iw> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; fpilf;fg; ngWthh;fs;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij ngz;ghiy Fwpg;gplj;jhd;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; Mzpj;jukhf ek;gp tUfpwhh;fs;.
mth;fSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kfkhf `jP]; xd;iw epidT+l;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fsplk; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; Mz;fSf;F mofpa fz;fisAila ngz;fs; Jizahf
fpilg;ghh;fs;> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; vij fpilf;fg;ngWthh;fs; vd;W vOg;gg;gl;l Nfs;tp
xd;wpw;F gjpyspf;Fk;NghJ - nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; kdpj fz;fs; vJTk; fz;buhj - kdpj
fhJfs; vJTk; Nfl;buhj - kdpj kdq;fs; vJTk; vz;zpg;ghuhj xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs;
vd;W egp (]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. Nkw;gb gjpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; - kpfTk;
rpwg;ghd xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf mike;Js;sJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 11

,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;.

mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb
Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

,iw kWg;Gf; nfhs;ifia njhlh;e;J filgpbj;J tUk; ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; cs;sj;ij

my;yh`; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpLfpwhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; MwhtJ kw;Wk; VohtJ

trdq;fspy; my;yh`; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf fh/gPh;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk;

(rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if)
nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;."
'my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd; nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiu
itj;J tpl;lhd;. ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xU jpiu fplf;fpwJ. NkYk;
mth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lizAk; cz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6
kw;Wk; Vohk; trdq;fs;)

22
Nkw;gb trdk; cz;ikia kWf;ff; $ba nghJthd epuhfhpg;gth;fis gw;wp $wtpy;iy.
,e;j trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mugp thh;j;ijfshd “'my;yjPd fg&" vd;gjd; nghUs;
vd;dntdpy; njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ,t;thW njhlh;e;J
cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fshd ,th;fSf;F ePq;fs; vr;rhpf;if nra;jhYk; rhp>
vr;rhpf;if nra;ahtpl;lhYk; rhpNa. mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thW
njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk;> nrtpg; GydpYk; Kj;jpiu
itj;J tpl;ljhfTk;> mth;fspd; ghh;itfspy; jpiuapl;Ltpl;ljhfTk; my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;.
my;yh`; mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;ljhy; mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
kWf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjy;y ,jd; nghUs;. njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs;>
cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;jjhy; mth;fis ghh;j;J my;yh`; Nkw;fz;lthW
$Wfpd;whd;. vdNt Nkw;gb cz;ikia epuhfhpg;gth;fs; njhlh;e;J cz;ikia
epuhfhpg;gjw;F my;yh`; nghWg;ghsp my;y. khwhf cz;ik vd;dntd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; -
Nkw;gb cz;ikia njhle;J epuhfhpj;J tUfpd;w epuhfhpg;gth;fs;jhd; ,jw;F
nghWg;ghthh;fs;.

2. cjhuzj;jpw;F tFg;ghrphpah;> khztd; Njwkhl;lhd; vd;W fzpg;gJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F gs;spf; $lj;jpd; mDgtkpf;f tFg;ghrphpah; xUth;> tFg;gpy; ftdk;

nrYj;jhj - mjpfkhf njhe;juT nra;fpw - jdJ tPl;Lg;ghlq;fis nra;J tuj; jtWfpw
khztd; xUtid - mtd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njw khl;lhd; vd;W fzpf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztDk; ,Wjpj; Njh;it vOjp Nkw;gbj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wpailatpy;iy vd;Wk;
itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njhy;tpAw;wjw;F ahiu Fw;wk;
nrhy;tPh;fs;? khztidah? Mrphpaiuah? khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngwkhl;lhd;
vd;w fzpj;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf Mrphpaiu ahUk; Fw;wk; nrhy;y khl;lhh;fs;. khwhf gbg;gpy;
rhpahf ftdk; nrYj;jhj khztd;jhd; jdJ Njhy;tpf;F nghWg;ghthd;.

mJNghyNt cz;ikia njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUk; kdpjh;fis gw;wp my;yh`; mwpthd;.

,t;thW cz;ikiaj; njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUgth;fs;jhd; jq;fsJ nraYf;Fg; nghWg;Ngj;
jtpu> my;yh`; my;y.

Nfs;tp vz;: 12

ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak;

ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghUg;ghNthk;?.

gjpy;fs; tpiutpy;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 13

thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpy; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhf
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy; g+kpia MW ehl;fspy;
gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ.
thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “ ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F
(Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk; mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah?

gjpy;:

thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; MW ehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ld

vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ vd;gij ehDk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,J gw;wpa tpguk;
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPof;Fwpg;gpl;l mj;jpahaq;fspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mj;jpahak; 7 ]{uj;Jy; m/uh/gpd; 54tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 3tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{Jtpd; 7tJ trdk;
23
mj;jpahak; 25 ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 59tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 4tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; f/g;tpd; 38tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; 57 ]{uj;Jy; `jPjpd; 04tJ trdk; Mfpa trdq;fspy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; MW
ehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ld vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md;
nrhy;fpwJ.

jhq;fs; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpw

mh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj;jpd;
9tJ trdk; Kjy; 12tJ trdk; tiuapyhdJ. Nkw;gb trdk; fPof;fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'g+kpia ,uz;Nl ehl;fspy; gilj;jtid epuhfhpj;J mtDf;F ,izfisAk;

epr;rakhf ePq;fs; jhdh Vw;gLj;JfpwPh;fs;?. mtd; mfpyj;jhUf;nfy;yhk;
,iwtd; vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 9tJ
trdk;)

'mtNd> mjd; NkypUe;J caukhd kiyfis mikj;jhd;: mjd; kPJ (rfy

tpjkhd) ghf;fpaq;fisAk; nghope;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> mjpy; mtw;wpd; czTfis
ehd;F ehl;fspy; rPuhf eph;zapj;jhd;. (,ijg;gw;wp) Nfl;ff; $bath;fSf;F
(,JNt tpsf;fkhFk;). (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 10tJ trdk;).
'gpwF mtd; thdk; Gifahf ,Ue;j NghJ (mijg; gilf;f) ehbdhd;: MfNt
mtd; mjw;Fk; g+kpf;Fk;: “ ''ePq;fs; tpUg;GldhapDk;> my;yJ ntWg;gpUg;gpDk;>
thUq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhd;. (mjw;F) mitapuz;Lk; ''ehq;fs; tpUg;GlNdNa
tUfpd;Nwhk;"" vd;W $wpd." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 11tJ trdk;).
'MfNt> ,uz;L ehl;fspy; mtw;iw VO thdq;fshf cah;j;jpdhd;. xt;nthU
thdj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Fhpa flik ,d;dnjd mwptpj;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> cyfj;jpw;F
rkPgkhd thdj;ij ehk; tpsf;Ffs; nfhz;L myq;fhpj;Njhk;. ,d;Dk; mjid
ehk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; Mf;fpNdhk;. ,J ahtiuAk; kpifj;jtDk;>
Qhdkpf;NfhDkhfpa (,iw)tDila Vw;ghNlahFk;." ( mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy;
/Gh;]pyhj; 12tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdq;fis NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy;

gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpw mh;j;jk;jhd; njhdpf;Fk;.

2. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F

Nkyjpfkhf - vd;W nghUs;.

Nkw;gb trdq;fis ePq;fs; $h;e;J Muha;e;jhy;> ,uz;L tpj;jpahrkhd gilg;Gfshd g+kp

kw;Wk; thdk; ,itfisg;gw;wp nrhy;tij mwpayhk;. kiyfs; ,y;yhj g+kp ,uz;L
ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ. g+kp mirahJ epiyahf epw;Fk; nghUl;L g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfis
ehd;F ehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Mf g+kpAk; - mjd; kPJ epWj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; kiyfSk; ehd;F
ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;gij mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
/Gh;]pyhj;jpd; xd;gJ kw;Wk; gj;jhtJ trdq;fspd; nghUshFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11
kw;Wk; 12tJ trdk; $WtJ vd;dntdpy; mj;Jld; $b thdq;fSk; ,uz;L ehl;fspy;
gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11tJ trdj;jpd; Muk;g thh;j;ijahd
']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “ 'Nkyjpfkhf" my;yJ “'gpd;dh;" vd ,U mh;j;jq;fs;
nfhs;syhk;. Fh;Mdpd; Mq;fpy nkhopahf;fq;fs; rpytw;wpy; ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F
'gpd;dh;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.“ 'gpd;dh;" vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk;

24
nra;ag;gl;lij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> g+kpAk;> g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfSk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;Lg;>
gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;fpw jtwhd nghUisj;jhd; jUk;.
Nkw;gb nghUs; mwptpay; nrhy;Yk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpNahL (Big Bang Theroy) Kuz;gLtNjhL>
mUs;kiw FHMdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdkhd>
'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; ,ize;jpUe;jd vd;gijAk;> ,tw;iw ehNk gphpj;(jikj;)
Njhk;" vd;fpw trdj;NjhLk; Kuz;gLk;.
vdNt Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F
'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid
Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j mg;Jy;yh a+Rg; myp mth;fs; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp
thh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;Wjhd; nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mt;thW nkhopahf;fk;
nra;ag;gl;l Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpw;F “'kiyfSld; $ba g+kpia
MWehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Nkyjpfkhf thdq;fisAk; gilj;jhd;". vd;Wjhd;
nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nghUs; nfhs;Sk;nghOJ> vl;L ehl;fs; vd;fpw jtwhd
fUj;J nfhs;tJ jtph;f;fg;gl;L> MW ehl;fs; vd;fpw rhpahd fUj;J epiy epWj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fPo; Fwpg;gpLk; cjhuzj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;gb fUj;ij NkYk; rhpahd Kiwapy; Ghpe;J
nfhs;syhk;: xU fl;blj;ij fl;Lgth; - mth; fl;ba 10 khb fl;blj;ijAk;> fl;blj;ij
Rw;wpAs;s Rw;Wr; RtiuAk; fl;b Kbf;f 6 khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
KOf; fl;blj;ijAk; fl;b Kbj;j gpd;G - fl;blk; fl;baJ gw;wpa jdJ mwpf;ifapy;
fl;blj;jpd; mbg;gFjpfis fl;b Kbf;f ,uz;L khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; -
fl;blj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpia fl;b Kbf;f ehd;F khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; - mj;Jld;
Nrh;j;J - fl;blk; fl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj - fl;blj;jpd; Rw;Wr; Rth;fisAk; ,uz;L
khjq;fspy; fl;b Kbj;jjhf jdJ mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
nkhj;jf; fl;blKk; fl;b Kbf;f mth; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhyk; 6 khjq;fs; vd;gij Nkw;gb
mwpf;ifapypUe;J njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mth; nrhd;d KjyhtJ mwpf;if - mth;
nrhd;d ,uz;lhtJ mwpf;ifNahL Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf fl;blk; fl;b Kbj;j fhyj;ij
gw;wpa mjpf tpguq;fisj;jhd; njhptpf;fpwJ.

3. 'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy;jhd; gilf;fg;gl;ld:

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gpugQ;rk; KOtijAk; gilf;fg; gl;lij gw;wp Vuhskhd trdq;fspy;

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 7:54> 10:3> 11:7> 25:59> 32:4> 50:38> 57:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy;
thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; vd;Wk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 49:9-12> 2:29> 20:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy; g+kpAk;>
thdq;fSk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdk; ngUk; ntbg;G gw;wp $WtJld; thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy;
cUthf;fg;gl;ld vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mJ Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 29tJ trdk;

fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'mtd; (my;yh`;) vj;jifatd; vd;why; mtNd cyfj;jpYs;s midj;ijAk;

cq;fSf;fhf gilj;jhd;. gpd; mtd; thdj;jpd; gf;fk; Kw;gl;lhd;. mtw;iw
VO thdq;fshf xOq;fhf;fpdhd;. md;wpAk; mtNd xt;nthU nghUisAk;
ed;fwpgtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 29tJ trdk;).
Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'gpd;dh;" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;Nthk;
vdpy; - ,e;j trdKk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpAld; Kuz;gLtNjhL> thdq;fisAk;> g+kpiaAk;
gilj;jJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kw;w trdq;fSlDk; Kuz;gLk;. vdNt
jhq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l trdj;jpy; tUk; “ ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf"
my;yJ “'mj;Jld; Nrh;j;J" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

25
Nfs;tp vz;: 14

kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gp;Lk; Fh;Md;> kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy;

kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk;
Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahf
vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

1. kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 75tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; fpahkhtpd; 37tJ trdk; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj;
JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'(fh;g;gf; Nfhsiwf;Fs;) nrhl;Lr; nrhl;lha; Cw;wg;gLk; ,e;jphpaj; Jspf;Fs;

mtd; ,Uf;ftpy;iyah?" (mj;jpahak; 75 ]_uj;Jy; fpahkh - 37tJ trdk;)
NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W
Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 5tJ trdk;
kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'..ehk; epr;rakhf cq;fis (Kjypy;) kz;zpypUe;Jk;> gpd;dh; ,e;jphpaj;

JspapypUe;Jk;> gpd;G myf;fpypUe;Jk;> gpd;G cUthf;fg;gl;lJk;>
cUthf;fg;glhjJkhd jirf; fl;bapypUe;J gilj;Njhk;.." (mj;jpahak; 22
]_uj;Jy; `[; - 5tJ trdk;).

kdpj cly; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; %yf;$Wfs; ahTk; (kdpj clypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;) xU

rpwpjsNth my;yJ ngUk; msNth g+kpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;.
ehk; njhpe;J nfhz;Ls;s Nkw;gb cz;ikahdJ> kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;
vd;fpw mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wf;F mwptpay; jUk; tpsf;fkhFk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk;> rpy

trdq;fs; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb $w;W
Kuz;ghlhdJ my;y. xNu Neuj;jpy; eilngw Kbahj vjph;kiwahd ,uz;L nray;fSf;F
Kuz;ghL vd;W ngah;.

2. kdpjd; jz;zPupypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; jz;zPhpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W $WfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 25tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 54tJ trdk; nrhy;Yk; nghUis
cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;:
',d;Dk; mtd;jhd; kdpjid ePhpypUe;J gilj;J.."(mj;jpahak; 25 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;fhd;
54tJ trdk;).

kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jf;fisAk; etPd mwptpay;> cz;ik vd;W ep&gpj;Jf;
fhl;bAs;sJ.

3. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg;

gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;. (Contradistinction).

26
cjhuzj;jpw;F> xU Nfhg;ig NjePh; jahhpf;fg; gl Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mjw;F Njitahd msT
nte;ePh; Ntz;Lk;. Njitahd msT Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk;. NjePh; jahhpf;f nte;ePh;
Ntz;Lk;. mJNghy NjePh; jahhpf;f Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tjhy; - Nkw;gb
,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; ntt;Ntwhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mitfs; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W
Kuz;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld; ,dpg;ghd NjePh; Ntz;Lnkdpy;> rh;f;fiuAk; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW
Nkw;nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jfspy; ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy.

,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk;

gilf;fg; gl;lhd; vd;W nrhd;d ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;nwhnlhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gb
fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg; gz;Gfs;
%yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;(Contradistinction). cjhuzj;jpw;F xU kdpjd;
vg;NghJk; cz;ikNa Ngrf; $batd;. mNjrkak; mtd; xU ngha;ad; vd;Wk; ehd;
nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; Kuz;ghlhdJ (Contradiction).

Mdhy; xU kdpjd; Neh;ikahdtd;. mNj rkaj;jpy; fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;ltd;.

kdpjh;fis Nerpg;gtd; vd;W $WfpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J khWgl;l jdpg;
gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk; (Contradistinction). Kuz;ghby;yhj> jdpg;
gz;Gs;s ,U NtW fUj;Jf;fshFk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 15

,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xU

trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L
fpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

1. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd;

vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $WfpwJ.
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 17tJ trdk; my;yh`; - mtNd
,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W $WfpwJ.

',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd;

mtNd."((mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;).
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,uz;L Nky;j;jpirfs;> ,uz;L fPo;j;jpirfs; vd nghUs;gLk; (Dual) mugp
thh;j;ijfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;gb thh;j;ijfs; my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F
jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s itf;fpwJ.

2. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk;

,iwtd;.
#hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapy; cjpf;fpwJ vd;gJ Gtpapay; mwpT ekf;F fw;Wj; je;j ghlk;.
Mdhy; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; epiy (Point of Sunrise) tUlk; KOtJk; khwpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
tUlj;jpd; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk; - mjhtJ #hpad; epy eLf;Nfhl;il fle;J nry;Yk;
me;j ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk;> #hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rhpahd epiyapypUe;J (kj;jpapy;
,Ue;J) cjakhfpwJ. tUlj;jpd; kw;w ehl;fspy; #hpad; cjpg;gJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;W
tlf;fpypUe;Njh my;yJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;W njw;fpypUe;Njhjhd; cjpf;fpwJ.
Nfhilfhyj;jpd; cr;rf;fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ ([{d; khjk; 21 Mk; Njjp vd;W
fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj;jpirf;F mjpfgl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;> Fsph; fhyj;jpd; cr;rf;
fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ (brk;gh; khjk; 22 Mk; Njjp vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj;
jpirf;F mjpfgl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; #hpad; cjpg;gij ehk; Neubahf fhzyhk;. mNjNghy
#hpad; Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; kiwAk; NghJk; Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;>
Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; kiwtij fhzyhk;. Nkw;gb ,aw;ifapd;

27
nraiy> #hpad; cjpg;gijAk; - kiwtijAk; fhz;gjw;F trjpahd ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk;
vspjhf fhz KbAk;. ,t;thW #hpad; tUlk; KOtJk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; xNu
ikaj;jpypUe;J cjpf;fhky; fpof;Fj; jpirf;F rw;W tlf;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk;> fpof;Fj; jpirf;F
rw;W njw;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspypUe;J cjpg;gijAk;> mNj
Nghd;W Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspy; miltijAk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. Nkw;gb nray; Fh;Mdpy;
nrhy;yg;gl;l “',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky;
jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd." (mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;)
vd;fpw trdj;ij cz;ik gLj;Jtij njspthf czu KbAk;.

3. my;yh`; - ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;>

,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd.!

mugp nkhopapy; gpw nkhopfisg; Nghy; my;yhky; - xUik (Singular) - ,Uik (Dual) gd;ik
(Plural) (,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l vz;zpf;if - mjhtJ %d;Wk;> %d;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJk;) vd
%d;W tifahf mike;Js;sd. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd;
17tJ trdj;jpy; tUk; - “'k\;hpf;ifdp" kw;Wk; - 'k`;;hpigdp" vd;fpw thh;j;ijfs; ,Uik
(Dual) gd;ikia Fwpg;gjhy; - Nkw;gb trdk; ,uz;L fpof;FfisAk;> ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; kMhp[; - d; 40tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
'vdNt> fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,iwtdhfpa (ek;)
kPJ rj;jpakhf> epr;rakhf ehk; (tpUk;gpathW nra;a) Mw;wYilNahk;." (mj;jpahak;
70 ]_uj;Jy; kMhp[; - 40tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; “'k\;hpf;fp" kw;Wk; “'kf;hpgp" vd;fpw mugp

thh;j;ijfSf;F fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> kw;Wk; Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; vd;W nghUs;. mjhtJ %d;W
my;yJ Kd;wpf;F Nkw;gl;l fpof;Fj; jpirfs; vd;Wk;> %d;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nkw;Fj; jpirfs;
vd;Wk; nghUs;.

Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; nra;jp vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; - mtd; ,uz;L
fpof;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;s
midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;gJjhd;. jtpu ,uz;L fpof;fpw;Fk; - ,uz;L
Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,iwtDk; mtNd jhd; vd;gJkhFk;.
mjpf gl;r fpof;F fpof;F mjpf gl;r fpof;F
#hpad; cjpf;Fk; ikaq;fs;

tlf;F njw;F

#hpad; kiwAk; ikaq;fs;

mjpf gl;r Nkw;F Nkw;F mjpf gl;r Nkw;F

28
NkNy tiuag; gl;Ls;s glj;jpypUe;J Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mUs;kiw trdq;fis ,d;Dk; njspthf
Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 16

Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk;

tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs;
vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md; jdf;Fj;
jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?.

gjpy;:
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;L trdq;fs; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ ehk;
fzf;fpLk; Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdKk;> mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 5tJ
trdKk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; Mapuk;
tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
kMhp[;d; 4tJ trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk;
Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ.

Nkw;gb trdk; czh;j;Jk; nghJthd fUj;J vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; fzf;fpLk; fhyk; g+kpapy;
kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; fhyj;NjhL xg;gpl KbahjjJ vd;gJjhd;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; kw;Wk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ g+kpapy; kdpjh;fs;
fzf;fpLk; fhyk; MFk;. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fspd; ghh;itapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhd
fhyfl;lk; MFk;. Mdhy; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehisf;Fr;
rkkhdJ.

3. 'at;k;" vd;why; fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;:

Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. “'at;k;" vd;w
mugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> fhyk; vd;Wk; xU ePz;l fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs;
nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; tUk; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;W nghUs;
nfhs;shJ> fhyk; vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy; ve;j Fog;gKk; ,;y;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:
'(egpNa! ,d;Dk; tutpy;iyNa vd;W) Ntjidia mth;fs; mtrukhf
NjLfpwhh;fs;. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. NkYk;
ck;Kila ,iwtdplk; xU ehs; vd;gJ> ePq;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk;
Mz;Lfis NghyhFk;." (mj;jpahak; 22 ]_uj;jy; `[; 47tJ trdk;)
,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fs; jq;fsJ jz;lidf;fhf mtrug; gl;l nghOJ> my;yh`;
,wf;fpaUspa trdk; ,J. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. my;yh`;tpd;
ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ> kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk; Mz;Lfis NghyhFk; vd;W
$WfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 32tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; ][;jhtpd; 5tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'thdj;jpypUe;J g+kp tiuapYKs;s fhhpaj;ij mtNd xOq;FgLj;Jfpwhd;:

xUehs; (xt;nthU fhhpaKk;) mtdplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;. me;j (ehspd;)
msT ePq;fs; fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk;." (mj;jpahak; 32 ]_uj;J];
][;jh 5tJ trdk;).

29
Nkw;gb mUs;kiwapd; trdk; xUehspy; vy;yhf; fhhpaq;fSk; my;yh`;tplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;
vd;Wk;> me;j ehspd; msT ehk; (kdpjh;fs;) fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk; vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; kMhp[; - d; 4tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xUehs; kyf;FfSk;> ([pg;hPyhfpa) mt;thd;khTk;> mtdplk; Vwpr; nry;thh;fs;:

m(j; jpdj;)jpd; msT Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; (rkkhf) ,Uf;Fk;." (mj;jpahak; 70
]_uj;J kMhp[; 4tJ trdk;)

kyf;FfSk;> Md;khf;fSk; my;yh`;it nrd;wilaf; $ba fhyk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fshf

,Uf;Fk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,uz;L khWgl;l nray;fs; eilngwf; $ba fhyfl;lq;fs; rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw
mtrpak; ,y;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; nrd;idapypUe;J nrq;fy;gl;ilr; nrd;wila ,uz;L
kzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. mNj Ntisapy; nrd;idapypUe;J fd;dpahFkhp nrd;wila
14 kzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb ehd; nrhd;d vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; xd;NwhL
xd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy.

mNj Nghd;Wjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gLtNj ,y;iy. khwhf
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikfNshL rkd;gLfpwJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 17

Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak;

f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhd trdq;fs;
,Ug;gJ rhpah?.

egp Mjk; (miy) mth;fSk; - ,g;yP]{k; ,Uf;fpd;w tuyhw;W rk;gtq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy;
gy trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “''MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;)

Aq;fs;"" vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;.
mtd; (,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd;
fh/gph;fisr; rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34 tJ trdk;)
Nkw;gb nghUs; juf; $ba mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fspd; ngah;fSk; trdq;fspd;
vz;fSk; gpd; tUkhW:
mj;jpahak; 15 ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; trdk; 28 - 31
mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; ,];uh trdk; 61
mj;jpahak; 20 ]{uj;Jy; jh`h trdk; 116
mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;Jy; ]hj; trdk; 71 - 74.
Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 18 ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

30
'md;wpAk;> “''MjKf;F ]{[{J nra;Aq;fs;"" vd;W ehk; kyf;Ffsplj;jpy;
$wpaij (egpNa) epidT $h;tPuhf: mg;NghJ ,g;yPi]j;jtpu> mth;fs; ]{[{J
nra;jhh;fs;;: mtd; (,g;yP];) [pd; ,dj;ij Nrh;e;jtdhf ,Ue;jhd;.." (mj;jpahak;
18 ]_uj;Jy; f/G - 50tJ trdk;).

2. mugpa Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wjy;:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;) Aq;fs;

vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;. mtd;
(,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd; fh/gph;fisr;
rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;."((mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 34tJ trdk;)
Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhopahf;fj;ij ehk; NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;jg; ghh;j;jhy; -
,g;yP]{k; kyf;F ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; jhNdh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;Lk;. mUs;kiw
Fh;Md; mugp nkhopapy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mugp ,yf;fzj;jpy; xU
fl;lisia gpd;gw;Wtjw;nfd;W Xh; Kiw cs;sJ. mjw;F “'jf;yPj;" vd;W ngah;. Nkw;gb
Kiwg;gb - ngUk;ghyhdth;fSf;F tpjpf;fg; glf;$ba fl;lis -rpWghd;ikahf
cs;sth;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F 100 khzth;fs; cs;s xU tFg;giwapy; 99 Ngh;
Mz;fSk; kPjp xUth; khj;jpuk; ngz;dzhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Mz; khzth;fs; midtUk; vOe;jpUq;fs; vd;W ehd; mugp nkhopapy; nrhd;dhy;> mJ
tFg;giwapy; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; ngz; khztpf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ngz; khztpAk; vOe;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; mugpapy; jdpahfr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,y;iy.

mJNghyj;jhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk;> my;yh`; kyf;FfSf;F

fl;lisapLk;NghJ - ,g;yP]{k; mq;F ,Ue;jjhy; - ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lisapl
Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. mt;thW ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lis ,lhj fhuzj;jhy; -
,g;yP]{k; - kyf;F ,dNkh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;LfpwJ. Mdhy; ,g;y{]; kyf;F
,dk; ,y;iy. mtd; [pd; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;gJ mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; njspthf mwpayhk;. mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; kw;w ve;j trdj;jpYk; ,g;y{]; kyf;F ,dk; vd;W Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vd;gjhYk;>
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; ,g;yP]{ [pd;
,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;W njspthf Fwpg;gpLtjhYk; - ,g;yP]{ [pd; ,dj;ijr;
rhh;e;jtd;jhd; vd;gij ehk; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

3. [pd;fSf;F my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;fNth my;yJ Vw;fhky; ,Uf;fNth cs;s

Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

mLj;J [pd;fs; Rje;jpukhdit. mitfs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;W elf;fNth my;yJ

my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia epuhfhpf;fNth cs;s chpik cz;L. Mdhy; kyf;FfSf;F
my;yh`; mw;j chpikia toq;ftpy;iy. kyf;Ffs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia mg;gbNa Vw;W
nray;glf; $bait. vdNy ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dkhf ,Ue;jhy;> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia
epuhfhpf;Fk; nraYf;Nf ,lkpy;iy. ,t;thW my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia ,g;yP]; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;shky; epuhfhpj;jjpypUe;Jk; - ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dky;y. [pd; ,dk;jhd; vd;gij ehk;
njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 18

gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gb
thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;J
xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy
vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?.

31
gjpy;:

thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPo;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s trdq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 180 tJ trdk;

mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 240 tJ trdk;
mj;jpahak; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 7tJ trdk; Kjy; 9tJ trdk; tiu
mj;jpahak; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 19tJ trdKk; 33tJ trdKk;
mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 105tJ trdKk; 108tJ trdKk;.

thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ

mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; ep\htpd; 11tJ trdKk;> 12tJ trdKk;> 176tJ trdKk; kpfj;
njspthd tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;wd.

gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;

ep\htpd; 11tJ trdj;ijAk;> 12tJ trdj;ijAk; ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

'cq;fs; kf;fspy; Xh; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gq;F Nghd;wJ

fpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;: ngz;fs; kl;Lk;
,Ue;J mth;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy; mth;fSf;F ,we;J
Nghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfk; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; xNu
ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; gq;F ghjpahFk;> ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij
,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,we;jth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; (mtuJ) ngw;Nwhh;
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij ,y;yhjpUe;J ngw;Nwhh;
khj;jpuNk thhprhf ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F %d;wpy; xU ghfk; (kPjp je;ijf;F
chpajhFk;): ,we;jtUf;F rNfhjuh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F Mwpy; xU ghfk;
jhd; (kPjp je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;). ,t;thW gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ mth; nra;Js;s
kuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd;: cq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fSk;
Foe;ijfSk; ,th;fspy; ahh; ed;ik gag;gjpy; cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhf
,Ug;gth;fs; vd;W ePq;fs; mwpakhl;Bh;fs;: Mifapdhy; (,e;j ghfg; gphptpid)
my;yh`;tplkpUe;J te;j fl;lsiahFk;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;)
ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk; kpf;f QhdKila tdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;."
,d;Dk; cq;fs; kidtpah; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; - mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is
,y;yhjpUe;jhy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghjp ghfk; cz;L: mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;
jhy; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wtw;wpypUe;J cq;fSf;F fhy; ghfk;jhd; - (,JTk;)
mth;fs; nra;jpUf;fpw kuz rh]dj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd;
- jtpu cq;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUg;gpd; ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w jpypUe;J
mth;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk; jhd;> cq;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy; mg;NghJ
mth;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; vl;by; xU ghfk; jhd;: (,JTk;) ePq;fs;
nra;jpUf;Fk; kuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dNu jhd;: je;ij>
ghl;ld; Nghd;w Kd; thhpRfNsh my;yJ gps;is Ngud; Nghd;w gpd;thhpRfNsh
,y;yhj Xh; MNzh my;yJ xU ngz;Nzh ,th;fSf;F xU rNfhjuNdh
my;yJ xU rNfhjhpNah ,Ue;jhy; - mth;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Mwpy; xU ghfk;
cz;L> Mdhy; ,jw;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; %d;wpy; xU ghfj;jpy;
rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (,JTk;) mth;fspd; kuz rh]dKk;
flDk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;: Mdhy; (kuz rh]dj;ijf; nfhz;L
thhpRfs;)vtUf;Fk; e\;lk; Vw;glf; $lhJ> (,J) my;yh`;tpdhy;
32
tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk> kpf;f
nghWikAilNahDkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;Md; 4tJ mj;jpahak;
]}uj;Jd; dp]htpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12 tJ trdq;fs;).
thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp ,];yhk; kpfTk; tphpthf
njhptpf;fpd;wJ. thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wpa Kf;fpa gFjpia
khj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhd;d Kf;fpa gFjpapd;
tpsf;fq;fq;fis ehk; `jP];fspy; - mjhtJ K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topfhl;Ljypy;
,Ue;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lq;fspd; KO

tpguq;fisAk; ehk; Ma;T nra;a Kad;Nwhk; vdpy; - xU kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtijAk;
nryT nra;J - Ma;T nra;af; $ba mstpw;F cz;lhd nra;jpfs; mjpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil
jj;Jtq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;s tpUk;ghj gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
,uz;L trdq;fis NknyOe;jthhpahf gbj;Jtpl;L> mjd; KO rl;lj;ijAk; njhpe;J nfhs;s
tpUk;Gfpwhh;.

NkNy Fwpg;gplgl;lthpd; Kaw;rpahdJ - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gilj; jj;Jtj;ij mwpahj xUth;>

gpd;df; fzf;Ffis rhpnra;a Kaw;rp nra;tJ Nghd;wjhFk;. fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;jtk;
“B O D M A S” vd;gjhFk;. xU gpd;df; fzf;if Kiwg;gb rhp nra;a> gpd;df; fzf;fpy; -
ve;j fzf;Ff;Fwp Kjypy; te;jhYk; - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S”
Kiwapy;jhd; gpd;df; fzf;if rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

1. Brackets Off - milg;Gf; Fwpfs; ePf;fg;gLjy;

2. Division - tFj;jy;
3. Multification - ngUf;fy;
4. Addition - $l;ly;
5. Subtraction - fopj;jy;.

mUz;#hp gpd;df; fzf;fpd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S” gw;wp mwpahjtuhf ,Ug;gjhy; -

Kjypy; ngUf;fiyAk; - ,uz;lhtjhf fopj;jiyAk; - %d;whtjhf milg;Gf; Fwpfis
ePf;FjiyAk; - ehd;fhtjhf tFj;jiyAk; - filrpapy; $l;liyAk; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;. vdNt
mtUf;F fpilf;Fk; tpil epr;rakhf jtwhdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;L toq;Fjy; gw;wpa trdq;fspy;

(Al – Quran 4: 11, 12) Kjypy; gps;isfSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F> gpd;dh; ngw;NwhUf;F
fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F kw;Wk; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse) fpilf;f Ntz;ba
gq;Ffis gw;wp njhptpj;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gb - Kjypy; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba
fld;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse)
nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk; - ngw;NwhUf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk;
nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb gq;fPL - ,we;jth; gps;isfs; cs;stuh? - ,y;iyah?
vd;gijAk;> mthplk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tifapy; nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fPL nra;j gpd;G> NkYk;
nrhj;Jf;fs; vQ;rpapUf;fpwjh vd;gijAk; nghUj;jJ. NkYk; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; nrhj;Jf;fs;
mtuJ Mz; thhpRfSf;Fk; - ngz; thhpRfSf;Fk; chpa Kiwg;gb gq;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;gb ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; nrhj;Jf;fs; gq;fPL nra;ag;gLk; nghOJ jtWfs; tUtjw;F

tha;g;Ng ,y;iy. fzpjtpay; njhpahjtd; my;yh`; my;y. fzpjtpay; mwpahjth;
gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpjhd;.

33
Nfs;tp vz;: 19

Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;W

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?.

1. my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd;..!

my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd; - vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gyKiw $WfpwJ. mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd; 114 mj;jpahaq;fspy; xNunahU mj;jpahak; (mj;jpahak; 9 ]{uj;Jj; njsgh)itj;
jtpu> kw;w midj;J mj;jpahaq;fSk; “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mofpa
thf;fpaj;NjhL Muk;gkhfpd;wd. “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mugpg; gjj;jpd;
nghUs; - mstpyh fUizAk;> ,izapyh fpUigAKila my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; -
vd;gjhFk;.

2. my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; cs;s Vuhskhd trdq;fs; my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.

Fwpg;ghf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdKk;>
Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 74tJ trdKk; fPo; fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd.
'..,d;Dk; my;yh`; kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> kpf;f fUizAilNahdhfTk;
,Uf;fpd;whd;". (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdk;)
'..my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;gtdhfTk;> ngUk; fUizahsdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.."
(mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 74tJ trdk;).

3. my;yh`; jz;lid ngwj; jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ffpwhd;.

my;yh`; fUizahsdhfTk;> kd;dpg;NghdhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; - jz;lid ngwj;

jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ftjpy; tpjptpyf;fpy;yhky; jz;lid
toq;Ffpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; gytw;wpy; ,iw tpRthrk;
nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk;> ,iw cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk; fLikahd jz;lid
cz;L vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F fLikahd
jz;lid cz;L vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs;
my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F eufj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; fLikahd
jz;lidfspd; tiffs; vd;d?. mitfs; vt;thW toq;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'ahh; ek; Ntj trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fis ehk; epr;rakhf

eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;: mth;fs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; Nghnjy;yhk; mitay;yh
(NtW) Njhy;fis> mth;fs; Ntjidia mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mth;fSf;F ehk;
khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ug;Nghk; - epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk;>
QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jdpdp]h 56tJ mj;jpahak;)
4. my;yh`; ePjpahsd;.

my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh? vd;gNj ,q;F Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp. ,q;F

xU Kf;fpakhd fUj;ij ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yh`; kd;dpg;gtd;. kpf;f
fUizahsd;. mNj Neuj;jpy; my;yh`; ePjp ghpghypg;gtDk; Mthd;. vdNt ePjp
ghpghypf;fg;gl ntz;Lnkdpy;> epuhfhpg;gth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;fpNaj; jPu
Ntz;Lk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp\htpd; 40tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW

Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

34
'epr;rakhf my;yh`; (vtUf;Fk;) xU mZtsT $l mepahak; nra;a khl;lhd;;"
(mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 40tJ trdk;).

NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 47tJ trdk; fPo;
fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

',d;Dk; fpahk ehspy; kpfj; Jy;ypakhd juhRfisNa ehk; itg;Nghk;. vdNt

ve;j Xh; Mj;khTk; xU rpwpJk; mepahak; nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ: NkYk; (ed;ik>
jPikapy;) xU fLF msT vilapUg;gpDk;> mjidAk; ehk; (fzf;fpy;) nfhz;L
tUNthk;. mt;thW fzf;nfLf;f ehNk NghJk;". (mj;jpahak; 21 ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah
47tJ trdk;)

5. Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;Fk; khztid - kd;dpf;ff;$ba Mrphpah; Xh; cjhuzk;:

Mrphpah; xUth; Njh;T ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ khztd; xUtd; fhg;gp mbg;gij ifAk;
fsTkhf gpbj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpah; fUiz cs;sk;
nfhz;lth;. kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;FtKk; cs;sth;. vdNt njhlh;e;J fhg;gp mbf;f
khztid mDkjpj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpaiu fUiz cs;sk;
nfhz;lth; vd;Wk;> kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;Ftk; cs;sth; vd;Wk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; mNj
Ntisapy;> ,uT KOtJk; fz; tpopj;J gbj;J tpl;L te;J Njh;T vOJk; kw;w khzth;fs;
Mrphpaiu mepahaf;fhuh; vd;W miog;ghh;fs;. Mrphpahpd; fUizAs;sk; NkYk; gy khzth;fis
Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;fj; J}z;Lk;. ,JNghy vy;yh Mrphpah;fSk; fUizAs;sk; nfhz;L
khzth;fis Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;f mDkjpj;jhy;> vy;yh khzth;fsplKk; Njh;Tf;fhf gbj;J
vOJk; gof;fk; khwp> fhg;gp mbf;Fk; gof;fk; cUthFk;. fhg;gp mbj;jjhy; vy;yh
khzth;fSk; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;W Njh;r;rp ngWthh;fs;. njhptpaypy; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs;
ngw;W ntw;wp ngWk; khzth;fs;> eilKiw thof;ifapy; Njhy;tpiaj;jhd; re;jpg;ghh;fs;.
khzth;fSf;fhf Njh;T elj;Jtjpd; KO Nehf;fKk; Njhy;tpiaj; jOTk; vd;gJ epr;rak;.

6. kdpjDila ,t;Tyf tho;f;if> kWik tho;f;iff;fhd Njh;T.

ek;Kila ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifahdJ kWik tho;f;iff;F chpa Njh;Tjhd;. mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd; 67tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Ky;f; - d; 2tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'cq;fspy; vth; nray;fshy; kpfTk; mofhdth; vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf mtd;> kuzj;ijAk;

tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;: NkYk;> mtd; (ahtiuAk;) kpifj;jtd;: kpf kd;dpg;gtd;". (mj;jpahak;
67 ]_uj;Jy; Ky;f; - 2tJ trdk;).

7. my;yh`; vy;yh kdpjh;fisAk; jz;lid mspf;fhky;> kd;dpj;J tpLtjhf ,Ue;jhy;

ahh;jhd; my;yh`;Tf;F mbgzpthh;?.

my;yh`; ve;j kdpjUf;Fk; jz;lid mspg;gjpy;iy. vy;yh kdpjh;fSf;fk; kd;dpg;gspj;J

tpl;L tpLthd; vd;fpw epiy ,Uf;Fk; vdpy; - kdpjh;fs; Vd; my;yh`;Tf;F mb gzpe;J
elf;f Ntz;Lk;?. ahUk; eufj;Jf;F Nghfkhl;lhh;fs; vd;gij ehDk; Mjhpf;fpNwd;. Mdhy;
kdpjh;fs; thOk; ,e;j cyfk; my;yth eufkhfg; khwp tpLk;. vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ghugl;rkpd;wp
nrhh;f;fj;jpw;Fj;jhd; nry;thh;fs; vdpy; - kdpjd; ,t;Tyfpy; gilf;fg; gl;ljpd; Nehf;fk;jhd;
vd;d? vdNt ,t;Tyf tho;f;if vd;gJ kWik tho;f;iff;F cz;lhd xU Njh;Ntad;wp -
Ntwpy;iy.

8. my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisfSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;.

my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisffSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 39tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J[; [{khpd; 53 Kjy; 55tJ trdq;fs; fPo;
fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

35
'vd; mbahh;fNs!. (cq;fspy;) vtUk; tuk;G kPwp jkf;Fj;jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf;
nfhz;l NghjpYk;> my;yh`;Tila u`;kj;jpy; mth; ek;gpf;ifapof;f Ntz;lhk;.
epr;rakhf my;yh`; ghtq;fs; ahitAk; kd;dpg;ghd; - epr;rakhf mtd; kpf;f
kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f fUizAilatd; (vd;W ehd; $wpaij egpNa!) ePh;
$WtPuhf." MfNt (kdpjh;fNs!) cq;fSf;F Ntjid tUk; Kd;dNu ePq;fs;>
cq;fs; ,iwtd; ghy; jpUk;gp> mtDf;Nf Kw;wpYk; topgLq;fs;: (Ntjid te;J
tpl;lhy;) gpd;G ePq;fs; cjtp nra;ag;gl khl;Bh;fs;. ePq;fs; mwpahj tpjj;jpy;>
jpBnud cq;fsplk; Ntjid tUk;Kd;dNu> cq;fs; ,witdhy;
cq;fSf;fUsg;gl;l mofhdtw;iw gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. (mj;jpahak; 39 ]_uj;Jy; [_kh; -
53 Kjy; 55tJ tiuAs;s trdq;fs;).

ele;j jtwpypUe;J jpUe;JtJ vd;gJ ehd;F tifahFk;:

1. Kjypy; ePq;fs; nra;Ak; jtwhd nray;fs; ey;yJ ,y;iy vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
2. ,uz;lhtjhf nra;Ak; jtWfis cldbahf epWj;Jq;fs;.
3. %d;wtjhf ePq;fs; nra;j jtWfis ,dp xUNghJk; nra;ahjPh;fs;.
4. nra;j jtWfSf;fhf ghpfhuk; NjLq;fs;;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 20

,iwtd;> “'fh/gph;fspd;" (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt

mth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - ek;gpf;if
nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ
,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay;
cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?.

gjpy;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdq;fs; fPo;
fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd:

'epr;rakhf fh/gph;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk;

(rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if)
nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd;
nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xU
jpiu fplf;fpwJ: NkYk; mth;fSf;Ff; fLikahd NtjidAKz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2
]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6 kw;Wk; 7Mk; trdq;fs;)

2. mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;" vd;gjw;F mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L.

Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;" vd;gjw;F

,jak; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L. vdNt Nkw;fz;l trdj;jpw;F
my;yh`; - ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; -mwpTj;jpwd; kPJ Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;lhd; vdNt mth;fs;
Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk; khl;lhh;fs; - ,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;sTk; khl;lh;fs; - vd;W nghUs;
nfhs;tNj rhpahdJ.

3. mugp nkhopapy; ,jak; vd;gjw;F Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ikak; vd;Wk; nghUs;

nfhs;syhk;.

mugp nkhopapy; xUthpd; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ikaj;ij Fwpg;gpLtjw;F “'fy;g;" (cs;sk;)

vd;w thh;j;ijiaAk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;.
36
4. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; Vuhskhd thh;j;ijfs; - vOj;jpy; xU mh;j;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;
- mitfis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ khw;W mh;j;jj;ij juf;$ba thh;j;ijfs; Vuhsk;
cs;sd.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; “'Ydhbf;" (Lunatic) vd;w thh;j;ij epyT rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ MFk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb
thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F kdeyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;fpw nghUspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
epyTf;Fk; - kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk;
mwpNthk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F rpfpr;ir nra;af; $ba kUj;Jth; $l
Nkw;gb thh;j;ijia rh;t rhjhuzkhf gad;gLj;Jtij ghh;f;fpNwhk;. nkhopg; ghpzhkj;jpy; ,J
Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; vd;gJ rhjhuzk;.

B. b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;gJ xU el;rj;jpuk;.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;why; xU jPa el;rj;jpuk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij

,d;iwf;F jpBnud Njhd;Wk; xU Jh;mjph;\;lk; my;yJ ngUe;Jauk; vd;w nghUspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;w el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk;> ngUe;Jauj;jpw;Fk; ve;j
njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;.

C. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;W
nghUs;.
buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;W nghUs;.
Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhj tp\aq;fs; vd;w nghUspy; gad;
gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;Fk; - Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhj
tp\aq;fSf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;.

D. rd;iu]; (Sunrise) kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset)

rd;iu]; (Sunrise) vd;why; Neub nghUs; nfhs;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; #hpad; NknyOtJ vd;W
nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> #hpa cjaj;jpd; NghJ cz;ikapNyNa #hpad;
NknyOfpwjh vd;why; - ,y;iy. khwhf g+kp Roy;tjhy; cs;s khw;wj;jhy; #hpad;
NknyOtJ Nghd;Wk; - #hpad; kiwtJ Nghd;Wk; njhpfpwNjj; jtpu> cz;ikapy; #hpad;
NknyOtNjh my;yJ kiwtNjh ,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;iwf;Fk; ehk; rd;iu]; (Sunrise)
kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset) vd;fpw Mq;fpy thh;j;ijfis #hpad; nknyOtJ - #hpad; kiwtJ
Nghd;w nghUspy;jhd; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.

5. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; ,jak;jhd; md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; - czh;r;rptag; gLtjw;Fk; ikakhf

fUjg;gLfpwJ.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;why; ,uj;jj;ij Xlr; nra;Ak; Xh; clYWg;G
vd;gij ehk; vy;NyhUk; mwpNthk;. Mdhy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;fpw thh;j;ij
epidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rp tag;gLtjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w nghUspy;
gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwf;F epidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rp
tag;gLtjw;Fk; gad;glf;$ba kdpj cWg;G %is vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;.
,Ug;gpDk;> jdJ czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; kdpjd;> “'ehd; cd;id vdJ
,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J tpUk;GfpNwd;" vd;W nrhy;yf; Nfl;fpNwhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU
mwptpay; mwpQh; jdJ kidtpaplk; “ehd; cd;id vdJ ,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J
tpUk;GfpNwd;> vd;W nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. clNd mtuJ kidtp
nrhy;fpwhh;> 'cq;fSf;F mbg;gil mwptpay; mwpT $lf; fpilahjh?. md;G nrYj;JtJ
%isNaj; jtpu> ,jak; ,y;iy?. ePq;fs; cq;fs; %isapd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J vd;id
tpUk;Gtjhfj;jhd; nrhy;ypapUf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;W gjpyspj;jhy; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fw;gid
nra;J ghUq;fs;.

37
6. 'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak;
vd;w nghUs; vd;gJ mugpnkhop njhpe;j midtUk; mwpe;jNj.

'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w
nghUs; vd;gij mugp nkhop mwpe;jth;fs;; njhpe;jpUg;gjhy; my;yh`; Vd; epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;
,jq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd; vd;w Nfs;tpia mugp nkhop mwpe;j vtUk;
Nfl;gjpy;iy.

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