Prokaryotic Cell

Monera - bacteria/prokaryotic
bacteria - blue/violet - Gram positive
- red - Gram negative
SHAPES:
spherical - coccus/cocci
rod - bacilli
wavy - sperillum
spiral - spirochete
filament - filamentus
no shape - pleomorphic
protective structure - capsule, cell wall, cell membrane (some:
slime layer)
SLIME LAYER
-extension of luminous substance beyond cell border
-biofilms
-aggregated forming a medium to move.
-anti-phagocytic?
-protective biochemically
Diseases: streptococcus? heart valves.
CAPSULE
-outermost layer
-main function: (tough and full of protein?) protection, dessica
tion?
CELL WALL
-associated with peptidoglycan (polysaccharide), gram + - thick
(absorb dye). Gram - - thin (absorb secondary dye)
CELL MEMBRANE
-lipid bilayer
-no cholesterol. not as fluid as cell membranes of eukaryotes
MESOSOME
-invagination: something goes out.
-equivalent of mitochondria
-not all bacteria
NUCLEOLOID
-instead of nucleus
-not separated from cytoplasm.
-haploid
PLASMID
-unique to bacteria, extrachromosomal circular DNA
-carry genes for antibiotic resistance
FLAGELLA
-organs of locomotion
-"trichous" (suffix), uni, (mono), di, (bi), peri
PILI and FIMBRIAE
-pili - one. longer. for conjugation.sex pilus - genetic transfe
r.
-fimbriae - shorter. more.
-4 attachments
ENDOSPORES
-vacant spaces
-like seeds. when they die, revive the cell.
MAGNETOSOME
-extraterrestrial in origin, metallic substances. protobionts en
gulfed them.
-for migration. reorientation. habitat with better conditions.
-avoids competition. (stratification)
INCLUSION BODIES
-phosphate, carbon
-sulfur (volcanic vents)
VACUOLES
-buoyancy
THYLAKOIDS
-photosynthetic bacteria. chlorophyll
PLASMA MEMBRANE
- no sterol