03 de Noviembre del 2010

Tema: Ejercicios
Unidad: II

Encuentre A−1 si A=¿

1 0 1

[
A= 2 −2 −1
3 0 0 ]
Solución

1 0 1 1 0 0

[
A= 2 −2 −1 0 1 0
3 0 0 0 0 1 ]
1 0 11 0 0

1 0 1 1 0 0 ×−2=−2 0 −2−2 0 0

−2 0 −2−2 0 0+ 2 −2 −10 1 0=0 −2 −3−2 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 0 ×−3=−3 0 −3−3 0 0

−3 0 −3−3 0 0+3 0 0 0 0 1=0 0 −3−3 0 1

1 0 11 0 0

[
A= 0 −2 −3−2 1 0
0 0 −3−3 0 1 ]
0 −2 −3−2 1 0 3 −1
=0 1 1 0
−2 2 2

1 0 11 0 0

0 0 −3−3 0 1

1 0 11 0 0

[
A= 0 1
3
2
1
−1
2
0 0 −3−3 0 1
0
]
0 0 −3−3 0 1 −1
=0 0 11 0
−3 3

−1 3 −3 −3 1
0 0 11 0 ×− =0 0 0
3 2 2 2 2

−3 −3 1 −1 −1 1
0 0 0 + 0 0 −3−3 0 1=0 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

−1 1
0 0 11 0 ×−1=0 0 −1−1 0
3 3

1 1
0 0 −1−1 0 +1 0 11 0 0=1 0 0 0 0
3 3

[ ]
1 0 00 0
3
−1 −1 1
A= 0 1 0
2 2 2
−1
0 0 11 0
3

Inversa

[ ]
0 0
3
−1 −1 1
A−1=
2 2 2
−1
1 0
3

Comprobación

[ ]
0 0
3
1 0 1

[ 2 −2 −1
3 0 0 ]
−1 −1 1
2
1 0
2
−1
2

3
 1 1
1× 0=0 1 ×0=0 1× =
3 3
1 1 1
0 ×− =0 0×− =0 0 × =0
2 2 2
1 −1
1 ×1=1 1 ×0=0 1×− =
3 3
¿1 ¿0
¿0

1 2
2 ×0=0 2 ×0=0 2× =
3 3
1 1 1
−2 ×− =1 −2 ×− =1 −2 × =−1
2 2 2
1 1
−1×1=−1 −1 ×0=0 −1×− =
3 3
¿0 ¿1
¿0

1
3 × 0=0 3 ×0=0 3 × =1
3
1 1 1
0 ×− =0 0×− =0 0 × =0
2 2 2
1
0 ×1=0 0 ×0=0 0 ×− =1
3
¿0 ¿0
¿1

1 0 0
−1

[ ]
A =0 1 0
0 0 1
Solución utilizando Gauss Jordán
2 x−3 y=4

x +5 y=2

Solución

[ 21 −3 4
5 1 ]
2 −3 4 −3
=1 2
2 2

−3 3
1 2 ×−1=−1 −2
2 2

3 13
−1 −2+1 5 2=0 0
2 2

−3

[ ]
1

0
2
13
2
2

13
0 0
2
=0 1 0
13
2

3 3
0 1 0 × =0 0
2 2

3
0 0+1 0 2=1 0 2
2

[ 10 0 2 x
1 0 y ]
Comprobación

En la Primera Ecuación En la Segunda Ecuación

2 x−3 y=4 x+5 y =2

2 ( 2 )−3 ( 0 )=4 2+5(0)=2

 4−0=4 2−0=2 4=4 2=2

Utilizando el Método de Cramer

−x−2 y +2 z =9

2 x+ y −z=−3

3 x−2 y+ z=−6

Solución

−1 −2 2 9

[ 2 1 −1 −3
3 −1 1 −6 ][ ]
−1 −2 2

[ 2 1 −1
3 −1 1 ]
−1 −2 2
∆= 2
[1 −1 =−1
3 −1 1 ]
1 −1 +2 2 −1 + 2 2 1
−2 1 [
3 1 3 −2 ] [ ] [ ]
( 1 )−( 2 ) =−1 ( 2 ) −(−3 )=5 (−4 ) −( 3 )=−7

(−1 ) (−1 )=1 ( 5 )( 2 ) =10 (−7 ) ( 2 )=−14

∆=1+10−14

∆=−3

9 −2 2

[
∆ 1= −3 1 −1 =9
−6 −1 1 ]
1 −1 +2 −3 −1 +2 −3 1
−2 1 [ −6 1 ] [
−6 −2 ] [ ]
( 1 )−( 2 ) =−1 (−3 )−( 6 )=−9 ( 6 ) −(−6 ) =12

(−1 ) ( 9 )=−9 (−9 ) ( 2 )=−18 ( 12 )( 2 ) =24

∆ 1=−9−18+24

∆ 1=−3
 −1 9 2

[
∆ 2= 2 −3 −1 =−1
3 −6 1
−6 1]
−3 −1 −9 2 −1 + 2 2 −3
[
3 1 3 −6] [ ] [ ]
(−3 ) −( 6 )=−9 ( 2 )−(−3 ) =5 (−12 )−(−9 ) =−3

(−9 )(−1 )=9 (5 )(−9 )=−45 (−3 ) (2 )=−6

∆ 2=9−45−6

∆ 2=−42

−1 −2 9

[
∆ 3= 2 1 −3 =−1
3 −2 −6 ]
1 −3
−2 −6
+2
2 −3
[
3 −6
+2
2 1
3 −2 ] [ ] [ ]
(−6 )−( 6 ) =−12 (−12 ) −(−9 ) =−3 (−4 )−( 3 ) =−7

(−12 ) (−1 )=12 (−3 ) ( 2 )=−6 (−7 )( 9 ) =−63

∆ 3=12−6−63

∆ 3=−57

Resultados
∆1 −3 ∆2 −42 ∆3 −57
x= = =1 y= = =14 z = = =19
∆ −3 ∆ −3 ∆ −3

Comprobación
1ra Ecuación 2da Ecuación 3ra Ecuación

−x−2 y +2 z =9 2 x + y−z =−3 3 x −2 y + z=−6

−( 1 )−2 ( 14 )+2 ( 19 )=9 2 ( 1 ) +14−19=−33 ( 1 ) −2 ( 14 )+ 19=−6

−1−28+ 38=9 2+14−19=−3 3−28+19=−6

9=9−3=−3−6=−6

Si A
 1 0 −1

[
A= 2 1 −2
3 2 −3 ]
Encontrar 2 A 2 +7 A−2 A+ A t

1 0 −1 1 0 −1 −2 −2 2

[ ][
A2= 2 1 −2 2 1 −2 = −2 −3 2
3 2 −3 3 2 −3 −2 −4 2 ][ ]
−2 −2 2 −4 −4 4
2

[
2 A =2 −2 −3 2 = −4 −6
−2 −4 2 −4 −8 ][ ] 4
4

1 0 −1 7 0 −7

[
7 A=7 2 1 −2 = 14 7 −14
3 2 −3 21 14 −21 ][ ]
1 0 −1 2 0 −2

[
2 A=2 2 1 −2 = 4
3 2 −3 6 ][ ]2 −4
4 −6

1 2 3
At = 0
[1 2
−1 −2 −3 ]
−4 −4 4 7 0 −7 3 −4 −3

[ ][
2 A 2 +7 A= −4 −6 4 + 14 7 −14 = 10 1 −10
−4 −8 4 21 14 −21 14 6 −14 ][ ]
3 −4 −3 2 0 −2 1 −4 −1
2

[
2 A +7 A−2 A= 10 1 −10 − 4
14 6 −14 6 ][ ][
2 −4 = 6 −1 −6
4 −6 8 2 −8 ]
1 −4 −1 1 2 3 2 −2 2

[
2 A 2 +7 A−2 A+ A t= 6 −1 −6 + 0 1
][
2 = 6 0 −4
8 2 −8 −1 −2 −3 7 0 −11 ][ ]
Cramer.
x +5 z=−6+ y

3 x+ 3 y =10+ z

x +3 y+ 2 z=5

Solución

x− y +5 z=−6

3 y +3 y−z=10

x +3 y+ 2 z=5

1 −1 5 −6

[ 1 3][ ]
3 3 −1 10
2 5

1 −1 5

[ ]
∆= 3 3 −1 =−3
1 3 2
1 5 +3 1 5 +1 1 −1
3 2 [ ] [ ] [
1 2 1 3 ]
(−2 )− (15 )=−17 ( 2 )− (5 )=−3 ( 3 )− (−1 )=4

(−17 )(−3 ) =51 (−3 )( 3 ) =−9 ( 4 ) (1 ) =4

∆=51−9+4

∆=46

−6 −1 5

[
∆ 1= 10 3 −1 =−10
5 3 2 ]
−1 5
3 2
+3
−6 5
[5 2
+1
−6 −1
5 ] [
3 ] [ ]
(−2 )− (15 )=−17 (−12 )− (25 )=−37 (−18 ) −(−5 )=−13

(−17 )(−10 ) =170 (−37 )( 3 )=−111 (−13 )( 1 )=−13

∆ 1=170−111−13

∆ 1=46
 1 −6 5

[
∆ 2= 3 10 −1 =−3
1 5 2 ]
−6 5 +10 1 5 +1 1 −6
5 2 [1 2 1 5] [ ] [ ]
(−12 )− (25 )=−37 ( 2 )− (5 )=−3 ( 5 )− (−6 )=11

(−37 )(−3 ) =111 (−3 ) ( 10 )=−30 ( 11 )( 1 )=11

∆ 2=111−30+11

∆ 2=92

1 −1 −6

[
∆ 3= 3 3 10 =−3
1 3 5
3 ]
−1 −6
5
+3
1 −6
[
1 5
−10
1 −1
1 3 ] [ ] [ ]
(−5 ) −(−18 )=13 ( 5 ) −(−6 )=11 ( 3 )−(−1 )=4

( 13 ) (−3 )=−39 ( 11 )( 3 ) =33 ( 4 )(−10 ) =−40

∆ 3=−39+33−40

∆ 3=−46

Resultados
∆1 46 ∆2 92 ∆3 −46
x= = =1 y = = =2 z= = =−1
∆ 46 ∆ 46 ∆ 46

Comprobación
1ra Ecuación 2da Ecuación 3ra Ecuación
x− y +5 z=−6 3 y +3 y−z=10 x +3 y +2 z =5

1−2+5 (−1 ) =−6 3 ( 1 )+3 ( 2 ) −1 (−1 ) =101+3 ( 2 ) +2(−1)=5

1−2−5=−6 3+6+1=10 1+6−2=5

−6=−6 10=105=5