Group 4

Presentation
 Presentation Outline

• Part 1
– Primary Legal Bases of Education
• 1987 Constitution
• Education Act of 1982
• PD No. 6-A
– Other Legal Bases

• Part 2
– Nature and Structure of DepEd
• Academic Calendar
• Medium of Instruction
• Government Agencies
– Present and Future Directions of Education
• Current Problems
• Plans
• Other Issues
 The Philippine
Educational System
and its Legal Bases
Primary
Legal Bases
1987 Constitution

Three articles that deal directly or indirectly with

the education system of the Philippines:

• Article II – declaration of policies of the state

• Article XIV - Education, Science and
Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports 
• Article XV – The Family
 1987 Constitution

Article II
The State shall

• value the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect
for human rights;
• strengthen the family as a basic, self-governing social unit and
protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception;
• provide support to parents in the rearing of their children for civic
efficiency and the development of moral character;
• recognize the vital role of the youth in the country's development;
• promote and protect the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and
social well-being of the youth;
• make education, science and technology, arts, culture and
sports a priority of the State.
1987 Constitution

The kind of education that is envisioned

in the Constitution is "quality education,"
a "complete, adequate, and integrated
system of education relevant to the needs
of the people and society,"  and the State
must ensure that all citizens can access
this envisioned system of education.
1987 Constitution

Article XIV

Section 1
The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall
take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.
1987 Constitution

Article XIV
Section 2
State
• provide for a free public elementary and secondary education
• provide scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies
and other incentives to deserving and poor students
• manage and regulate, reasonably, all educational institutions
• take into account regional and sectoral needs
• enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement
1987 Constitution

Article XIV
Section 2
State
• give the highest budgetary priority to education
• give priority to research and development and innovation
and
• protect the rights of scientists, inventors, artists and
other gifted citizens to their intellectual property rights
• promote physical education and sports programs in
order to instill self-discipline and foster teamwork and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry.
• patron of the arts and letters.
1987 Constitution

Article XIV
Section 2

Academic Institutions
• Include the study of the Constitution in their curricula.
• inculcate patriotism and nationalism
• foster love for humanity
• promote respect for human rights
• promote appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
• teach the rights and duties of citizenship
• encourage critical and creative thinking
1987 Constitution

Article XIV
Section 2

Promotion of Arts, Culture, and Freedom

• give academic freedom to all institutions of higher learning
• ensure the right of all citizens to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable and equitable
academic requirements
• preserve and enrich the Filipino national culture based on the principles of unity in diversity and free expression
• protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities and to use these rights as inputs for national plans and
policies
• support researches and studies on the arts and culture
  
1987 Constitution

Article XIV

Section 2

Language
• Filipino is the national language of the Philippines
• English and Filipino as the official languages
  
1987 Constitution

Article XV

• protect and defend the right of children to assistance, including

proper care and nutrition, and special protection from all forms
of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions
prejudicial to their development
• right of families or family associations to participate in the
planning and implementation of policies and programs that
affect them
Education Act of 1982

• Outlines the structure of formal education

system as follows:
– Elementary (including pre-school)
– Secondary
– Tertiary
Education Act of 1982

• Work Education, Practical Arts, Technical-

vocational education, Special Education, and
Non-formal Education are also provided to
meet the needs of individuals who, in certain
instances, are limited to follow the formal
education system.
 Structure of the Formal Public Educational System

Age 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20, 21 AND ABOVE

Grade/
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 I II III IV

PRE – ELEMENTARY SECONDARY TERTIARY GRADUATE POST

GRADUATE
Level SCHOOL (Compulsory) (Optional)
General General, Humanities,
Educ/Teacher Trng, Masteral Doctoral
Secondary Courses Courses
School Social/Beh. Sci.
Business Ad.,
Natural Science
Mathematics
Vocational
Secondary
School Trades, Crafts
Home Econ.
Service Traders
Special Mass Com, Other Dis.,
Schools Fine Arts, Architectural,
Religious/Theology,
Non-Formal Education Law & Jurisprudence,
Medical, Engineering,
Veterinary, Medicine
AGE LEVEL
15-24 – Out of School Youth` Basic Literacy Post Secondary
Level 2-3 Yr. Technical or
25 above-Adults Elementary Level Technician
Secondary Level
 The Educational Act of 1972
(P.D. No. 6-A)

• Goals of the educational system (Sec. 2:a-c)

• objectives of the educational system (Sec. 3:a-d)
• ten-year program to attain the objectives (Sec. 4:a-f)
• educational projects to attain the objectives (Sec. 5:a-g)
• working arrangement to attain the objective (Sec. 6:a-b)
• the national board of education (Sec. 6, par. 2:a-c)
Other
Important
Legal Bases
Other Important Legal Bases

EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

The decree provided for the

establishment of primary school for
boys and girls in each town of the
country.
Other Important Legal Bases

ACT NO. 1870 OF 1908

The law served as the legal basis for the

creation of the University of the
Philippines.
Other Important Legal Bases

The Vocational Act as amended by other

acts laid the foundations of vocational
VOCATIONAL ACT OF1927
education in public schools and made
provisions for its support.
Other Important Legal Bases

Also known as Commonwealth Act No.

586, the Education Act laid the
foundations for the present six-year
elementary course and made provisions
for its support.
EDUCATION ACT OF 1940
Other Important Legal Bases

The Act placed public and private

schools under the supervision and
control of the Bureau of Public and
Private Schools.

REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1947

Other Important Legal Bases

The Act provided the legal basis for the

implementation of a ten-year teacher
education program in special education.

REPUBLIC ACT 5250 OF 1966

Other Important Legal Bases

Popularly known as the Bilingual

Education Program of 1974, the Order
required the use of English as medium
of instruction for science and
mathematics subjects and the use of
Filipino as medium of instruction for all
other subjects in the elementary and
high school levels.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND

SPORTS (DECS) ORDER NO. 25 OF 1974
Other Important Legal Bases

The Decree was a legal and formal

recognition of teachers as professionals
PRESIDENTIAL
and teaching as aDECREE NO. 1006 OF 1976
profession.
Other Important Legal Bases

REPUBLIC ACT 6655 OF 1988

The Act created the Legal Education
Board whose task was to regulate and
improve the quality of law schools in the
Philippines in order to stop the
increasing number of examinees who
fail to pass the bar examinations given
every year.
Other Important Legal Bases

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5698

Popularly known as the Free Public

Secondary Education Act of 1988, the
Act created a system of free education
in public high schools.
 Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Beginning of the
Academic School Year
 Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Summer Break
 Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

four-five days
break at the start
of November
 Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education

Academic Calendar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Two-three weeks
break
Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education

Medium of instruction

English to the local vernacular

Chinese and Arabic in the southern part of the
country
Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education
1987 1994 2001

1987 DECS is the principal

government agency responsible for
education and manpower
development.

Government Agencies
Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education
1987 1994 2001

1994 Tri-focalization of
Education Management
RA 7722 and RA 7796 created:
DECS for basic education
CHED for higher education
TESDA for post-secondary,
middle-level manpower training
and development

Government Agencies
Nature and Structure of
Philippine Education
1987 1994 2001

“Governance of Basic Education Act of

2001”
RA 9155:
Formally renamed DECS as the
Department of Education (DepEd)
and transferred “culture” and “sports” to
the National Commission for the Culture
and the Arts and the Philippine Sports
Commission
Government Agencies
Present and Future
Direction of Philippine
Education and
Noncommittal Issues
 Current Problems

• There are still not enough classrooms.

• Many schools still lack even the most basic utilities like
water and electricity.
• There are not enough textbooks, and the ones that are
there are still filled with errors.
• There are still too many children in a classroom and too
few teachers to take care of them.
 Current Problems

• Our pupils and students are not learning what they

should, when they should.
• Our schools have so far been unable to provide our
learners with a globally competitive level of mastery of
desired concepts and skills.
Current Problems

Teachers also lack the competence to confidently

discuss their subject matter. Their teaching methods
are outdated and their training is woefully inadequate.

They are overworked and underpaid.

Teacher Education Institutions are finding it

increasingly difficult to turn out confident, highly
motivated teachers.
Government Plans /
Visions

SONA (2010)

Oras na maipatupad ang public-private partnerships na ito,

mapopondohanang mga serbisyong panlipunan, alinsunod sa
ating plataporma. Magkakapondo na po para maipatupad ang
mga plano natin sa edukasyon.

Mapapalawak natin ang basic education cycle mula sa

napakaikling sampung taon tungo sa global standard na
labindalawang taon. Madadagdagan natin ang mga classroom.
Mapopondohan natin ang service contracting sa ilalim ng
GASTPE.

Pati ang conditional cash transfers, na magbabawas ng pabigat

sa bulsa ng mga pamilya, madadagdan na rin ng pondo.
Government Plans /
Visions
Millennium Development Goals
Fix Philippine basic education through 12-year basic education cycle

Universal preschooling for all

Madaris education as a sub-system within the education system

Technical vocational education as an alternative stream in senior high school,

ensuring that every child is a reader by grade 1

Focusing on science and math proficiency

Providing assistance to private schools as essential partners in basic education

Rationalizing the medium of instruction

Providing quality textbooks forging of covenant with local governments to build

more schools.
 Other Issues

12 Year Basic Education

This has been proposed “in order to

conform with global standards and
improve the quality of education”.
However, many opposed to the 2 year
addition to basic education. The
reasons were outlined in this article.
 Other Issues

Sex education

Schools have started teaching sex

education that aimed at curbing the
birth rate in the Philippines.
Howeverm the Catholic Church
opposes to this.
 Other Issues

Inclusive education

The fundamental principle of inclusive

school is that all children should learn
together, wherever possible, regardless
of any difficulties or differences they
may have.
Other Issues

Cyber Ed

Cyber Ed is the technology that

will enable the Department to
deliver high quality education to
our students and out-of-school
youth even in the remotest areas
of the country.