56

Ý Âîäîïîäãîòîâêà è âîäîî÷èñòêà

574.52: 574.635 : 574.632

. . , .
. . . , ,

 ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî îäèí èç âàæíåéøèõ ïðî-

öåññîâ ðåïàðàöèè íà ýêîëîãè÷åñêîì óðîâíå (âîññòàíîâëåíèå êà÷åñòâà âîäû â ïðîöåññå
èçúÿòèÿ îðãàíèçìàìè âçâåñè èç âîäû) èíãèáèðóåòñÿ êñåíîáèîòèêîì (÷óæåðîäíûì çà-
ãðÿçíÿþùèì âåùåñòâîì). Ýòî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò îá ýëåìåíòå àíàëîãèè ñ ïðîöåññàìè ðå-
ïàðàöèè íà ãåíåòè÷åñêîì óðîâíå, êîòîðûå òàêæå ìîãóò íàðóøàòüñÿ êñåíîáèîòèêàìè è
õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ äðóãèìè ñâîéñòâàìè, àíàëîãè÷íûìè îñîáåííîñòÿì ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ðåïà-
ðàöèè. Êñåíîáèîòèêè, îêàçûâàþùèå íåãàòèâíîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà ïðîöåññû, âàæíûå äëÿ
ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ðåïàðàöèè êà÷åñòâà âîäû, âêëþ÷àëè ðàçëè÷íûå ïîâåðõíîñòíî-àêòèâíûå
âåùåñòâà (ÏÀÂ), äåòåðãåíòû, òÿæåëûå ìåòàëëû è äð. Ïðèâåäåíû ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå
äàííûå î âîçäåéñòâèè êñåíîáèîòèêà òåòðàäåöèëòðèìåòèëàììîíèéáðîìèäà íà èçúÿòèå
âçâåñåé èç âîäû ìîëëþñêàìè ïðèðîäíîé ãèáðèäíîé ïîïóëÿöèè Mytilus edulis M.
galloprovincialis.

: , , , ,
, , ,
, , , , Mytilus edulis × M. galloprovincialis.

- , -
- -
, - -
. . . . ,
— -
[1—3]. , - 0,5 (particulate organic
[1—7] matter, POM). POM
[3, 89 1
5, 8]. , - [3]. 135
, 5900 -
- ( , -
, ) [3]. -
- POM,
. 5000 -
135 [3].
[6—10]. - ,
- POM 43 1
2
- [3]. -
, -
, -
. .

© . ., 2010
 57

, - -
- Mytilus galloprovin-
(" ") [3—6], cialis ,
- [5, 8]. -
- -
. -
— - —
, , - ( )
- [5]. -
( ) [9] [5].
-
(
). - .
-
. ( .1 2),
, -
( , )
, , - -
- .
( ). - -
[7, 8]. -
- : ,
, - [5, 10]. -
. ,
-
-
— -
[8].
- (
, - -
[5, 8]. , )
- : ,
, -
, - ,
, -
. . . [3]. -
( , ) , -
-
- , ( , ),
. , -
-

Mytilus edulis × M. gal- ,

loprovincialis, -
[1—5, 8]. ,
).
, ,
(Plymouth). - , -
Isochrysis galbana - ( -
. - ) [7]. -
16
- [5]. ,
. , - -
. - [10]
4—5 ( ), 30—35 . [8]. -
Mytilus edulis × -
M. galloprovincialis (Mytilus edulis ×
- M. galloprovincialis, )
Mytilus galloprovincialis. . 1),
, - M. galloprovincialis ( . 2).
.
58
1

Mytilus edulis × M. galloprovincialis

,
,
,
( -
)
50 )
0,05 T0—T1 64,5
0,05 T1—T2 85,0
0,1 T0—T1 47,8
0,1 T1—T2 48,3
0,3 T0—T1 39,8
0,3 T1—T2 49,9
1 T0—T1 9,7
1 T1—T2 8,2
5 T0—T1 3,8
5 T1—T2 2,2
: 1. Prof. J. Widdows.
2. T0 — ; T1 —
50 . ; T2 — 50 .

2
( ),
( , [5—8])

)
,
Mytilus galloprovincialis 20
Ibid 0,5
" 0,05 268 %
" 2
Crassostrea gigas 0,5 761 %
M. edulis M. galloprovincialis 0,05—5 . .1
M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis 1 [5]
Crassostrea gigas 0,5 231 %
-100 Unio tumidus 5 [5]
-100 M. edulis 1 [5]
1( ) Unio tumidus 50 187 %
2 (Tide) M. galloprovincialis 50 207 %
3( ) Ibid 7 551 %
4 (IXI) " 10 158 %
4 (IXI) " 50 276 %
1( ) " 2 214 %
1( ) Crassostrea gigas 2 305 %
2 (Fairy) C. gigas 2 1790 %
. ; — -
; — ; — .

-
. 2, . -
, , -
(
).
, .

[11,
. . 2, - 12]. ,
100 %, - [11].

. - -
(" " —
, . . ). -
( , P. Donkin ,
1997— . [5]). , ,
- ( -
, , - )( . 3).
, -
,
 59
3
( .)

) )
- , ,
, -
[2,
3]
, ,
- ( -
) -
[1, 8, 10]
- -
[1, 6—11, 13—18 ( -
.1 2)
; ;
,
[7, 9, 11, 13—18] , , -
, -

[19] ( , - (
) [14, 19] )

- ) -
, - ( ) ( .
. , - .1 2). -
, - ,
-
( . . 3).
. , - , -
, , - ( ) -
- ( )
— ,
[11, 13, 20, 21]. -
.
- -
[19]. , :
, -
. . -
" . ).
-
- ,
, , -
.
[12, 19], -
[19]. , -
. -
100 %. -
[3, 15—18],
, -
( ) , . -
, , -
( - , -
0,5—10 ), , -
[3]. .
, -

- Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò Ë. Ì. Ñóùåíþ,

, Ã. Ñ. Ðîçåíáåðãà, Â. Â. Ìàëàõîâà,
( ) -
. - Å. À. Êðèêñóíîâà, Ñ. Â. Êîòåëåâöåâà
è äðóãèõ êîëëåã çà îáñóæäåíèå íåêîòîðûõ
, Daphnia çàòðîíóòûõ âîïðîñîâ è çàìå÷àíèÿ.
magna [22]. Áëàãîäàðþ Äæ. Âèääîóñà (J. Widdows),
Ã. Å. Øóëüìàíà, À. À. Ñîëäàòîâà
( çà ïðåäîñòàâëåíèå âîçìîæíîñòè ïðîâîäèòü
- îïûòû â èõ ëàáîðàòîðèÿõ.
60
13. . (E. Schrödinger), -
.— .: , 1947. — 146 c.
1. . . - 14. . . -
. — .: , 1981. — 248 . : // . 2009.
2. . . - 18(2). . 123—128.
.— : , 1975. — 208 . 15. . . -
3. Wetzel R. Limnology, 3rd edition, San Diego et al., Academic // . 2005. . 32. 3. .
Press, 2001. — 1006 p. 337—346.
4. Dame R. F. Ecology of Marine Bivalves: an Ecosystem Approach. 16. . .
Boca Raton, CRC Press, 1996. — 277 p. : //
5. . . - . 2004. . 124. 5. . 429.
. — .: , 17. . . -
2001. — 334 . . // , 2004. .
6. . . : - 396. 1. . 136.
// 18. . . -
, 2000. . 374. 3. . 427—429. // . 2005. 6. . 452—459.
7. . . 19. . . -
// 2000. . 372. // , 2006. 3. C.
2. . 279—282. 339—343.
8. . . - 20. . ., . . . .:
: // , 2002. . 382. ( ). — .: ,
1. . 138—141. 1975. . 560—578.
9. . . - 21. . . : -
// , 2000. . 375. . . — .:
6. . 847—849. , 2001. — 256 .
10. . . - 22. . ., . . -
// , 2001 . 381. 5. . 709—712. :
11. . ., // . 2009. . 425. 2. . 271—272.
.— : , 2000. — 147 . 23. Chatzinikolaou Y., Ioannou A., Lazaridou M. Intra-basin spatial
12. . ., . ., . . : approach on pollution load estimation in a large Mediterranean river// De-
.— : salination. 2010. V. 250. Issue 1. P. 118—129.
, 1999. — 396 .

Ecological repair in aquatic ecosystems: processes

of maintaining and restoration of water quality
S. A. OSTROUMOV
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Russia

The experimental data were obtained that showed that one of the most important processes of
ecological repairing (restoring water quality during the process of removal of suspended matter
by aquatic organisms) is inhibited by a pollutant (a xenobiotic), which points to some degree
of similarity or analogy with the processes of repairing at the molecular-genetic level. The re-
pairing at the molecular-genetic level can also be inhibited by some xenobiotics and have some
other attributes that are analogous to those of ecological repairing. The xenobiotics that produced
those negative effects on the processes of the ecological repairing of water quality included vari-
ous synthetic surfactants, detergents, and metals. New experimental data on the effects of tet-
radecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide on marine bivalves, mussels (Mytilus edulis M. gallo-
provincialis) are presented.
Keywords: water quality, filter-feeders, filtering activity, self-purification, allochthonous organic matter, autochthonous
organic matter, Coulter counter, cationic surfactant, xenobiotics, repairing, tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, ma-
rine mussels, Mytilus edulis × M. galloprovincialis.

, -
.
E-mail: saostro@online.ru , ar55@yandex.ru

* * *