Various Types Of W.

C And Water Supply Connections

The Valve Closet

Although this has in a great measure been superseded by the washdown, it has still many
advocates, and possesses some important advantages.

Wash down Closet

Washdown closets are made in two forms, either in one piece including the trap, or in two pieces
with the trap separate. The latter is the better, as the pan is easily repaired without breaking into the
drain, a good example being Doulton's "Simplicitas". Like all good types of this closet, it is simple
and cheap. It is made in pedestal form, well spread out to carry the weight, is fitted with a lift-up seat,
and requires no casing. The water area is large, and deep enough to submerge the faeces.
Baths And Their Waste

Baths are made of copper, enamelled iron, or porcelain. They should not be cased in, but left open, so that
they can be easily cleaned.

Porcelain baths are very cleanly, and are now much used, but they absorb a great deal of heat from the
water, and are heavy and costly.
Lavatories

The many types of lavatories on the market can be divided into two sorts:-

(a) The tip-up basin.

(b) The ordinary basin and plug.

Many prefer the first-named, as the basin is emptied more quickly. The under basin into which the water is
thrown must be frequently cleansed to prevent its becoming a nuisance.
Sinks

Scullery sinks are best in glazed stoneware, as York stone absorbs the grease.

They are usually about 3 feet by 2 feet, and about 2 feet 6 inches from the floor to the top edge . They may
be supported on half-brick walls rendered in Portland cement, or on cast-iron brackets, or on glazed
pedestals. The sink should have a good fall to the outlet, which should be arranged in the corner on the side
next the outer wall. The outlet should be fitted with a 3 1/2-inch bell-mouthed cobweb grating, and the
waste trapped with a trap at least 2 inches internal diameter, with inspection screw cap.

Housemaid's Sink

This is usually in connection with the slop-sink, but it is more usual to empty the slops down the water-closet.
The basin and trap are in earthenware, and there are valves for hot and cold water. The wooden grating on
the wash-up side is to prevent crockery from being broken by contact with the stoneware. The trap and
waste should be ventilated and connected to a soil pipe outside.
Taps And Fittings

The regulations of Water Companies cause these fittings to vary in different localities, so that what may be
legally used in one part of the country is forbidden in another.
Water Supply Pipes

Too much care cannot be taken in planning the course of the pipes carrying the water supply to a house. All
water mains should be at least 2 feet below the surface of the ground, and if subject to severe frosts should
be laid in a wooden trough filled with "non-conducting" material.

Indian Water Closets

European Water Closet