Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Chapter -
1 ANSWER
1 D 21 C 41 D
2 C 22 D 42 D
3 C 23 A 43 C
4 B 24 C 44 E
5 B 25 B 45 B
6 B 26 A 46 A
7 C 27 D 47 A
8 A 28 D 48 C
9 D 29 D 49 D
10 B 30 B 50 D
11 C 31 A
12 A 32 B
13 D 33 D
14 D 34 A
15 C 35 A
16 D 36 C
17 A 37 D
18 B 38 B
19 B 39 A
20 C 40 C
Chapter – 1
Chapter -
1 ANSWER
61 C 81 D
62 B 82 C
63 E 83 A
64 A 84 A
65 A 85 C
66 E 86 A
67 B 87 A
68 B 88 C
69 A 89 B
70 D 90 A
51 C 71 C 91 A
52 C 72 C 92 A
53 B 73 D 93 B
54 B 74 C 94 B
55 B 75 B 95 A
56 B 76 A 96 D
57 B 77 A 97 C
58 A 78 A 98 C
59 A 79 B 99 A
60 D 80 A 100 B
Chapter-2
Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there is
any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet
of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation errors, if any)
1. The teacher/together with his/wife and daughter/were drowned./ No
error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
2. The taxi was/hired by/the ladies for/its picnic/ No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
3.Having been found guilty/on murder/the accused was/ sentenced to
death./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
4.The father as well as/the sons were/mysteriously missing/ from the
house./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
5.The issues are/complex and/has been obscured/by other factor./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
6.Neither the size/nor the colour/of the gloves/were right/No error
(A) (B) (c) (D) (E)
7.It is in 1929/that we first/flew to/the United State./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
8.Hardly had/I left the house/than it began/to rain./ No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
9.A more irrational world/to this one in which/we presently live/ could
hardly be (A)
(B) (C) (D)
conceived./No error
(E)
10.He hoped to finish/the work in the last week/but in fact/ he could
not./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
11.He not only comes there/for swimming/but also for coaching/new
swimmers./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
12.He could not cut/the grass today because/ the handle of the machine/
has broken a fewdays ago./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
13.His ability to/talk to strangers/is one of his/stronger points./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
14.My brother said/ that he preferred / the white shirt/than the black
one./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
15.She was daughter/of a working farmer/who was one of the/headman
of his village./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
16.No king in that period/was so intensely involved/ in the welfare of his
people/as king Ashoka./No error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
17.What to talk of charity/ Rajan doer not practice/even/ordinary
humanity./No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
18.I have hunted and/shot myself/so I know what/it is like./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
19.He only wrote/on one side of/the paper./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20.The two sisters/struck/one another/at the platform./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
21.I am very thirsty/give me/little water/to drink./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
22.Everybody was/in the garden/amusing/themselves./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
23.If I was you/I would not/attend/the function/no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
24.These organizations/work lest/their activities/may be banned./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
25.Avinash and his friend/were walking towards/the station when/they
met his common friend./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
26.Priyamvada was unhappy/ to hear the news/of her son’s failing/in the
final examination./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
27.For expecting the company to pay/for the transport/of the personal
furniture of the employee/was not fair./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
28.Aditi was unable /to support her parent/ even though both of them/
had no income of their own./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
29.Tax evaders should/be heavily fined/as they are doing/ it
intentionally./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
30.The idea that shook/the whole world was published in one/of the
unknown journal./no error
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
31.The information supplied/to us were not as/useful as we first/thought
it would be./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
32.The man/appears to have seen/more happier days./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
33.Have you read/this book/farther than I?/no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
34.The production of different kinds of artificial materials/are essential to
the
(A) (B)
conservation of/our natura resources./no error
(C ) (D)
35.My brother-in-law with his wife/now in Singapore/were present at the
function./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
36.She/eagerly wishes/to help me./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
37.The sun is shining good/about/the horizon./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
38.To lead a well-balanced life/you need/to have other interests besides
studying./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
39.Nehru was/a great politician/and a great statesman./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
40.The disclosure of the synopsis of / the Thakkar Commission Report/
on the (A)
(B) (C)
assaissination of Mrs Gandhi has raised several vital question./no error
(D)
41.Her/knowledge of English are/very limited./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
42.There are so many filths/all around/the place./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
43.Do you realy believe/that she has blamed us / for the accident,
especially you and I?/no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
44.Nobody offered to give up/their seat to the lady/holding her child in
her arms./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
45.He labours/hard lest/he may fail./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
46.You have/no/excuse/to be late./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
CHAPTE ANSW
R-2 ER
1 D 21 C 41 B
2 D 22 D 42 A
3 B 23 A 43 C
4 B 24 D 44 B
5 C 25 D 45 C
6 D 26 C 46 D
7 A 27 A 47 A
8 C 28 B 48 A
9 B 29 C 49 C
10 A 30 D 50 D
11 A 31 B 51 D
12 D 32 C 52 A
13 D 33 C 53 A
14 D 34 B 54 B
15 D 35 C 55 A
16 A 36 B 56 A
17 A 37 A 57 C
18 B 38 A 58 C
19 A 39 C 59 B
20 C 40 A 60 B
Chapter -2
Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there
is any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or
alphabet of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation error, if any)
1.It was difficult/to persuade Subas to agree/to read the book/ to the blind
man./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
2.How to solve the problems/is the main concern/of the organizers/at the
moment./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
3.Upon arrival/at any place of posting/ I found it greatly different
than/what I had imagined./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
4. Neither the speaker/nor his secretary / were informed/ of the
cancellation./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
5.When learning to swim/one of the most important things/is to relax./no
error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
6.Each girl/was given a bunch of flowers/which pleased her very
much./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
7.He says he/is going to / cut down his smoking./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8.The Department of Modern Indian Languages/ is running a course in
Comparative Literature/for the
(A) (B)
(C)
last fifteen years./no error
(D) (E)
9.After you will return/from Shimla/I will come and see you./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10.Had he follow/the directions carefully/he would have felt/better much
quicker./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
11.Once he realized/that he has committed a mistake/he admits it/corrects
it without delay./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
12.Since we do not accept cheques/you will have to buy/ a draft so that to
pay/for you tickets./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
13.The parents scolded the child /for having broke the windows/but their
words fell/on deaf ears./no error
(A) (B)
(C) (D) (E)
14.Each cigarette which /a person smokes/does some/harm to him./no
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
15.He hoped to finish/the work in the last week/but in fact/he could
not./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
16.It was apparent to/everyone present that /he would die/if he doesn’t
receive timely help./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
17.The speech he made/on his visit to our college/concerning our
society’s needs/have bothered me
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
greatly./no error
(E)
18.The driver tried his best/ to avert the accident by/bringing the car/to a
suddenly stop./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
19.The lecture to be held/in the auditorium tomorrow/was open to the
public/ and free of
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
charge./no error
(E)
20. There appears to be/very little liaison/among the tow of/the various
wings of the party./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
21.Everyone of the survivors/ of the ill-fated aircraft/have told/the same
story./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
22.My neighbour along with his children/are going tonight/ to see the Taj
Mahal/at Agra./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
23.But for his cousin’s help/he would have been/at the height/of his
career./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
24.He would not have/written this letter/if he would not have/heard the
news./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
25.Soon after their child was born/he went off/leaving her/in the lurch./no
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
26.She was able/to free herself/with her debts/by working very hard./no
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
27.Hardly had we/settled down for the night’s rest/when we were started
by/loud noises outside the house./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
28.No sooner did/the train arrived at the station/than the
passengers/rushed towards it./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
29.I have worked/in this office for six years/but I now work/in a different
office./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
30.A first European sailor/to come to India/in modern times/was Vasco
da Gama./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
31.All we could find/from his neighbours are/that he has/a job in the
competition./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
32.None of the rooms/are available/for occupation/at present./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
33.Drawing water from the well/is preferable/than depending on/the
erratic tap-water supply./no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D) (E)
34.May I know/whom/you wish/to see now?/no error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
35.Sumitra appealed/to the managing committee/that she may be/allowed
to join the volunteer
(A) (B) (C) (D)
force./no error
(E)
36.Being a short vacation/Vanita had to return/without visiting/many of
the places./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
37.An uncle of mine/who is a lawyer/give me a useful advise/when I
went to see him there weeks
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ago./no error
(E)
38.An old man in the crowd/warned Julius Caesar/from the danger of
death/ on a certain day./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
39.If John told me/last Thursday/I will given him the money/but now it is
too late./no error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
40. Never I have listened/to such beautiful music/as the piece we heard
on the radio/last
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
night./no error
(E)
41.It is our duty/to put off our shoes/before entering the sanctum
sanctorum of any temple or (A) (B)
(C)
mosque./no error
(D)
42.The only good thing/about these pens/are their color and their size. /no
error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
43.My brother-in-laws/who live in Mumbai/ have come to stay with
us. /no error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
44.I advised my son/to engage two coolies instead of one/because the
luggage was too much (A) (B)
(C)
CHAPTE
R-2
Grammar /Part -
2
1 B 21 C 41 B 61 A
2 E 22 B 42 C 62 A
3 C 23 B 43 A 63 D
4 C 24 C 44 C 64 A
5 A 25 B 45 B 65 B
6 C 26 C 46 B 66 B
7 A 27 E 47 B 67 A
8 B 28 B 48 C 68 B
9 A 29 A 49 B 69 B
10 A 30 A 50 A 70 C
11 C 31 B 51 A 71 A
12 C 32 B 52 B 72 B
13 B 33 C 53 A 73 A
14 A 34 B 54 B 74 C
15 A 35 C 55 A 75 D
16 D 36 A 56 A 76 D
17 D 37 C 57 A 77 C
18 D 38 C 58 C 78 A
19 C 39 C 59 D 79 A
20 C 40 A 60 C 80 B
Chapter-3
31.What are needed are not large houses but small cottages.
a. were b. was
c. is d. no improvement
32.she could not help but laugh
a. laughing b. but laughing
c. laugh d. no improvement
33.The various practices and norms for bank’s transactions are laid down
by the Reserve Bank of India.
a. are laid up b. are led down
c. are lead up d. have been lay down
e. no improvement
34.The matter must be considered in every point of view.
a. with b. from
c. at d. no improvement
35.On seeing the lion she felt too much afraid.
a. very much b. excessively
c. much d. no improvement
36.They have stopped from constructing new buildings.
a. to construct b. at constructing
c. constructing d. no improvement
37.Five years ago today, I am sitting in a small Japanese car, driving
across Poland towards Berlin.
a. was sitting b. have been sitting
c. sat d. no improvement
38.Many believed that girls who received western education would make
slaves of their husbands.
a. could receive b. had received
c. have received d. no improvement
39.She gave most of her time to music.
a. devoted b. spent
c. lent d. no improvement
40.When I was 14, I sat the entrance examination for senior secondary
school.
a. sat for b. sat in
c. sat at d. no improvement
41.You ought not to have gone there, but you did.
a. be going b. have been
c. go d. no improvement
42. Being worked for the whole day, you should have taken some rest
and started the work tomorrow.
a. after having work b. having worked for
c. working for d. after being worked for
e. no correction required
43.your results depend not only on how much you have studied but how
long you have read.
a. but also how long b. but also on how long
c. but also on how much long d. no improvement
44.I am looking forward to see you soon.
a. looking forward towards seeing b. looking forward for seeing
c. looking forward to seeing d. no improvement
45.It was quite clear that the runner could be able to improve upon his
own record.
a. will be able b. should be able
c. would be able d. no improvement
46.He doesn’t hesitate to do whatever his brother does.
a. will do b. would do
c. shall do d. would done
e. no improvement
47.The problems of translation are still remain.
a. are remain b. will remained
c. will still remain d. no improvement
48.One should exercise their right to vote.
a. his b. our
c. one’s d. no improvement
49.Can you tell me why did you not speak the truth.?
a. why did not you speak b. that why did you not speak
c. why you did not speak d. why did you not spoke
e. no improvement
50. If the pain is returning, you would better take another pill.
a. has returned b. should return
b. returned d. no improvement
CHAPTE
R-3
Grammar ANSW
part -1 ER
1 D 21 B 41 D 61 4
2 D 22 B 42 B 62 3
3 D 23 B 43 B 63 4
4 A 24 B 44 C 64 4
5 D 25 D 45 D 65 4
6 A 26 C 46 E
7 C 27 B 47 C
8 B 28 A 48 C
9 B 29 A 49 A
10 B 30 B 50 A
11 C 31 D 51 4
12 B 32 A 52 4
13 A 33 B 53 1
14 C 34 B 54 3
15 B 35 A 55 2
16 E 36 C 56 2
17 C 37 A 57 4
18 A 38 B 58 1
19 B 39 A 59 5
20 B 40 C 60 4
Chapter – 3
Direction: Which of the words/phrases, A,B,C and D, should replace the
words/phrases given in italics in each of the following sentences so as
to make them most effective and meaningfully correct. If the sentence
is correct and needs no change, mark (D) or (E) as your answer.
1.The greatest thing in style is to have a use of metaphor.
a. command b. knowledge
c. need d. No improvement
2.Nothing but books and magazines pleases her.
a. were pleasing b. please
c. are pleasing d. No improvement
3.Why did you not spoken to me earlier?
a. did you not spoke b. you did not speak
c. did you not speak d. were you not spoken
e. No improvement
4.Any able bodied man is eligible for the job.
a. any able-bodied men are b. each able-bodied man is
c. any able-bodied men have been d. No improvement
5.The fast train came a halt to before crossing the bridge.
a. came before to a halt b. came to a halt before
c. came before a halt to d. No improvement
6.May I know who did accompany you to the bus station?
a. whom did accompany you b. whom you accompanying
c. whom did you accompany d who accompanied you
e. No improvement
7.On basis this information the Deputy Collector took strong action
a. on basis of b. on the basis
c. on the basis of d. No improvement
8.The record for the biggest tiger hunt has not been met since 1911 when
Lord Hardinge, then Viceroy of India, shot a tiger that measured
eleven feet six and three-fourth inches.
a. bettered b improved
c. broken d. No improvement
9.Poor Tom laid in the shade of a tree before he could walk further.
a. lied b. lain
c. lay d. No improvement
10.I can always count on him in times of difficulty.
a. count at him b. count on he
c. count him on d. count with him
e. No correction required
11.He is a singer of repute, but his yesterday’s performance was quite
disappointing.
a. performances for yesterday were b. yesterday performance was
c. yesterday performances were d. performances about yesterday were
e. no correction required
12.The courts are actively to safeguard the interests and rights of the poor.
a. are actively to safeguarding b. have been actively safeguarding
c. have to active in safeguarding c. are actively in safeguarding
e. no correction required
13.I gave my niece a children’s very colourfully illustrated encyclo-paedia.
a. a very colourfully illustrated children’s encyclopaedia
b. a child’s very colourfully illustrated encyclopaedia
c. an illustrated child’s very colourful ecyclopaedia
d. no improvement
14.He asked me where was my book.
a. my book was b. my book is
c. is my book d. no improvement
15.Had I realized how close I was to the edge of the valley, I would not have
carried the bags there.
a. had I been realized b. if I would have realized
c. when I realized d. had I realized
e. no correction required
16.She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.
a. relaxing then b. then is relaxing
c. relaxing is then d. then relaxes
e. no correction required
17.The chemist hadn’t hardly any of those kind of medicines.
a. had hardly any of those kinds b. had hardly not any of those kinds
c. had scarcely any of those kind d. had hardly any of those kind
e. no correction required
18.Because of his ill health, the doctor has advised him not to refrain from
smoking
a. to not refrain from b. to resort to
c. to refrain from d. to be refrained from
e. no correction required
19.The Cheeta can run faster than the gazelle; it is the speediest of the two.
a. the most speedier b. more speedy
c. the speedier d. no improvement
20.Often one is hearing reports of explosions in the provinces.
a. was hearing b. hears
c. has been heard d. no improvement
21.It is better to love and lose than not to have loved at all.
a. be loved and lost b. have loved and lost
c. have-been loved and lost d. no improvement
22.They have not spoken to each other since they quarreled.
a. because b. for
c. ever since d. no improvement
23.The easiest of the thing to do is to ask the address from the postman.
a. of the things to do b. among the things to do
c. of the thing to be done d. of all the things done
e. no correction required
24.Hardly does the sun rise when the stars disappeared.
a. have the sun rose b. had the sun risen
c. did the sun rose d. the sun rose
e. no correction required
25.Ramesh is as tall if not, taller than Mahesh.
a. not as tall but b. not so tall but as
c. as if not d. as tall as, if not
e. no correction required
Read each sentence to find if there is any grammatical error in it. If there is
any error, it will be only in one part of the sentence. The number or alphabet
of that part is your answer. (Disregard punctuation errors, if any.)
26.Surekha was trying for admission /in the engineering college/ even
though her parents wanted/
(A) (B) (C)
her to take up medicine./No error
(D) (E)
27.There is no book/ in English language/which is an interesting/ as this. /No
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
28.There is no other book/in the English language/which is as interesting/as
this. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
29.Even after working in the office/for several years/Suresh had/hardly
mastered any job at all.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
/No error
(E)
30.It is a job/where in /neither knowledge nor skill/are needed. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
31.Orders have been placed/so fas as/painting the walls of the
/classrooms are concerned//No (A) (B)
(C) (D) (E)
error
32.No decision can be made/unless/firm data is available /to the
committee. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
33.There was/a number of conferences/which produced little/of practical
value. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
34.There was no play/on the fourth day/of the test match/due to the heavy
rain. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
35.Sushma persuaded/her sister/to go with her/on the trip. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
36.Our teacher/often emphasizes on/the need for/a lot of oral practice. /No
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
37.As he was feeling very thirsty/after the long journey,/he went into a
bar/and ordered a cold
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
drink. /No error
(E)
38.He told me that/he couldn’t buy the paintings/which he wanted very
much/because he hadn’t
(A) (B) (C) (D)
enough money. /No error
(E)
39.Neither Mr.Jones/nor Mr.Smith/were able to give me/any advice. /No
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
40.A tallest man/I have ever seen/lives near the village/where I was born.
/No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
41.Although he had worked hard/and was understanding as much about the
subject/as I did/he
(A) (B)
(C)
failed to get a second class in the examination. /No error
(D) (E)
42.If you do not agree/to my request/then I shall be /forced to take drastic
measures. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
43.She has told me that her brother might have done much better/at the
university last year/ had
(A ) (B)
he not given so much time/ to the students Union. /No error
(C) (D) (E)
44.He hesitated to accept the post/as he did not think/ that the salary was
enough/for a man with a
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
family of six. /No error
(E)
45.The Headmaster advised the student/who had failed in the examination
twice/that not to
(A) (B)
(C)
attempt it again/until he had time to prepare for it properly. /No error
(D) (E)
46.Even though he was over ninety/he still enjoyed reading novels/and
sometimes spend/an
(A) (B) (C)
evening at the cinema. /No error
(D) (E)
47.Up to the time the last vote was recorded/it was difficult/to decide
whether victory lay with the
(A) (B) (C)
ruling party/or the opposition. /No error
(D) (E)
48.We should always/side with those who/are true and unselfish/and work
for others. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
49.I will now deal with him/in a manner different /from the one I have
adopted so far. /No error
(A) (B) (C)
(D)
50. His manners indicate/that he has no other intention/than /to steal his
money. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
51.Page after page/of Gita were read/and it gave great consolation/to his
mind. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
52.He was unanimously/elected/the General Secretary/of our Association.
/No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
53.Before giving/the mixture /to the child/shake it thoroughly. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
54.The short story/should not exceed/more than/two hundred words. /No
error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
55.He looks at everything/from/their/best side. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
56.They appointed/him as a manager/as he is /efficient. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
57.The reason/of his/failure/is due to his intelligence. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
58.The prices of this article/considerably varies/in different/parts of the
country. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
59.Mr. Sharma is planning/to settle in Delhi/as soon as /he will retire in
April next year. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(E)
60.One should /always/take care/of his health. /No error
(A) (B) (C) D) (E)
61.Mary is smarter/than/anybody/in her class. /No error
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
CHAPTE ANSW
R-3 ER
Grammar part - 2
1 A 21 B 41 C 61 B 81 C
2 B 22 C 42 C 62 B 82 C
3 C 23 A 43 A 63 B 83 D
4 B 24 B 44 A 64 C 84 C
5 B 25 D 45 C 65 D 85 A
6 C 26 C 46 C 66 D
7 C 27 A 47 C 67 E
8 C 28 B 48 D 68 B
9 A 29 A 49 C 69 E
10 E 30 D 50 C 70 C
11 E 31 D 51 B 71 C
12 B 32 C 52 E 72 C
13 A 33 A 53 D 73 A
14 A 34 D 54 C 74 C
15 E 35 C 55 C 75 E
16 D 36 C 56 B 76 B
17 A 37 C 57 D 77 A
18 C 38 C 58 A 78 C
19 C 39 C 59 D 79 D
20 B 40 A 60 D 80 B
Chapter – 4
Fill in the blanks and make the sentence complete
1.While on a routine flight, the aircraft was hit by a missile and ……….into
flames.
a. shot b. burst c. caught d. blew
2.Authority………..when it is not supported by the moral purity of its users.
a. empowersb. crumbles c. prevails d. waits
3.He did not register a …………to the proposal.
a. dissent b. disfavour c. divergence d. deviation
4.No sooner had he entered the room…………the light went out and
everyone started talking loudly.
a. but b. than c. if d. and
5.When I saw him through the window……………..
a. I have run out to open the door b. I ran out to open the door
c. I am running out to open the door d. I should run out to open the door
6.I congratulate you,………….your success.
a. on b. for c. at d. in
7.I prefer seeing the film……………reading.
a. than b. to c. over d. as
8.The festival is always of a very high order because there are a large
number of ………..before any performance.
a. practices b. exercise c. rehearsals d. repetitions
9.I read ‘Treasure Island’because it was……….by my friend who said it was
very exciting.
a. recommended b. exhorted c. motivated d. commended
10.His English was roughly…….with my French, so commu-nication was
rather difficult.
a. in accordance with b. at par c. in time d. in tune
11.I could not ………….what he wanted to say.
a. make up b. make out c. make in d. make away
12.A committee has been set up to……..on the problem of terrorism in this
region.
a. investigate b. inquire c. research d. report
13.We can’t eat this food; it is…………
a. rotten b. old c. bad d. rancid
14.Keats and Shelley were poets of the same period; they were
a. contemporary b. colleague c. associate d. co-writers
15.Ramesh has been nominated as the person to settle the dispute between
the two warring parties; he is the……..
a. judge b. advocate c. arbitrator d. barrister
16.He has been winning the election, but this time his popularity is on
the………..; he may not win this time.
a. rise b. wane c. ascendance d. increasing
17.Do not……..him; he has done no harm to any of you.
a. accuse b. admire c. discuss d. refer
CHAPTE
R-4
Sentence completion
part - 1
1 B 11 B
2 B 12 A/D
3 A 13 A
4 B 14 A
5 B 15 C
6 A 16 B
7 B 17 A
8 C
9 A
10 B
Chapter-4 Sentence completion/part-2
1.It was the help he got from his friends which……..him through the
tragedy.
a. supported b. helped c. parked d.boosted
2.Anil got the company car for a .......price as he was the senior most
employee in the company.
a. discounted b. nominal c. fixed d. reduced
3.His ……..of the topic was so good that students had few doubts to raise at
the end.
a. expositionb. picturisation c. clarity d. exposure
4.Beauty is to ugliness as adversity is to……….
a. happiness b. prosperityc. misery d. cowardice
5.All of us should abide………the laws of our country.
a. on b. to c. by d. in
6.Everyone in this universe is accountable to God…….actions.
a. for b. about c. of d. against
7. I never miss a cricket match. I……..fond of cricket since childhood.
a. have been b. has been c. will be d. am
8.He ordered his servant……….
a. if he could bring a glass of water b. that bring a glass of water
c. to bring a glass of water d. that he should bring a glass of
water
9.Though Bindu is poor……..she is honest.
a. still b. nevertheless c. but d. yet
10.A determined effort will be needed to restrict the country’s……..social
services.
a. profligate b. profiteering c. renegade d. variegated e. expensive
11.I am not concerned……..him………that business.
a. for;with b.with;in c. with;for d. by;in
12.He deals…….foreign goods only, but our firm deals……..several leading
merchants who trade………a variety……….goods.
a. in, in, with, of b.with, with, with , of c. with, in, of, withd. in, with,
in, of
13.The controversy is likely to create………between the two communities.
a. amity b. bitterness c. doubt d. revenge
14.She is much too……….to have anything to do with that obnoxious affair.
a. happy b. hasty c. noble d. proud
15.His…….in his family’s position is great but he does not boast about it.
a. deceit b. presumption c. pride d. status
16.My finger is still………where I caught it in the door yesterday.
a. bruised b. injured c. sore d. wounded
17.Non-violence is the law of saints as violence is the law of the …………
a. brute ` b. coward c. haughty d. ignorant
18.We felt as if the ground were…….beneath our feet.
a. bursting b. sinking c. slipping d. smashing
19.The task seemed impossible but somehow he………..very skillfully in
the end.
a. pulled it off b. pulled it away c. pulled it out d. pulled it up
20.The enemy paid a large sum as……….
a. compensation b. punishment c. redress d. amends e.
restitution
21.The unruly behaviour of the soldiers……their commander.
a. incensed aggrieved c. impeached d. tempered e. clashed
22.Jayanth was so good at mathematics that his friends considered him to be
a………….
a. profligate b. prodigy c. prodigal d. primeval e.protocular
23.When Raju heard the new of his selection to the college team he
felt………….
a. effervescent b. enamoured c. elated d. embittered
e. exasperated
24.A son who is unable to look his father in the face is………
a. timid b. guilty c. arrogant d. ashamed
25.He said that there was no going back because his decision was…….
a. peremptory b. premeditated c. parsimonious d.
palatable
26.Progress in government, science, art, literature, philosophy and
religion………great civilizations form mere group of communities.
a. extol b. describe c. distinguish d. relinquish
27.Since there was adequate grazing are for the herds, the land
was……….populated.
a. disproportionately b. sparsely c. inadequately d. rustically
28.The new owners of the paper changed the ……..completely.
a. outlay b. layout c. outlet d. outlook
29.This legend has been……..from father to son.
a. handed in b. handed out c. handed over d. handed down
30.Many young men were……..at street corners for the coffee bar to open.
a. hanging about b. hanging on c. hanging togetherd. hanging back
e. hanging out
31.Whenever he refers to his favourites he is voluble, but when he talks of
his adversaries he is……
a. aggressive b. bitter c. rough d. miserly e. reticent
32.If a man keeps his fingers crossed, he……….
a. hopes for the best b. suspects everybody c. demonstrates
peevishness
d. welcomes every danger e. prays for good health
33.Although I had pledged not to tell anyone of the previous evening’s
trauma, the compulsive urge to unburden myself became…………
a. overwhelming b. irresistible c. impassive `d. preponderous
e. indomitable
34.The accused was released on……….pending hearing of his case.
a. bale b. bailc. bond d. deposit
35.I decided to sell a piece of land when I was offered a more……..price.
a. exact b. correct c. trued. realistic
36.You will have to catch the morning flight, so you…….better get ready.
a. may b. had c. should d. would
37. His persuasive tone was able to tackle the boy whom other professors
had found……….
a. peripatetic b. dissolute c. tenacious d. squeamish e. obdurate
38. Through a ……….circumstance, they unexpectedly found themselves on
the same bus with Uncle Morris.
a. fortuitous b. elusive c. referentiald. lambent e. friable
39.We had a wonderful view of the bay through the………
a. zenith b. nadir c. vicinity d. proximity e. window
40.Lalita failed in the examination because none of her answers was…….to
the questions asked.
a. referentialb. revealing c. pertinent d. allusive e. impeccable
41.The ……….man treated everyone in a ……..manner.
a. superficial, thorough b. defiant, belligerent c. supercilious,
depreciatory
d. corrupt, ubiquitous e. suspicious, ingenuous
42. We never believed that he would resort to……..in order to achieve his
end; we always regarded him as an honest man.
a. subterfuge b. logic c. diplomacy d. charm e.
cunning.
43.His monotonous voice acted like……..and his audience was soon asleep.
a. a sedative b. an anaesthetic c. an emetic d. a purgative e. a cathartic
44.In the ………areas of the rail-road terminal thousands of travelers
lingered while waiting for their train.
a. commodious b. accomodious c. capriciousd. extensive e.
capacious
Sentence completion
part - 3
1 C 21 C 41 B 61 B
2 E 22 E 42 E 62 C
3 E 23 C 43 B 63 B
4 D 24 D 44 A 64 D
5 C 25 C 45 A 65 C
6 C 26 A 46 E 66 B
7 B 27 A 47 D 67 B
8 C 28 D 48 C 68 D
9 B 29 D 49 B 69 D
10 C 30 A 50 B 70 A
11 C 31 A 51 C
12 D 32 A 52 B
13 C 33 E 53 B
14 C 34 C 54 C
15 D 35 C 55 B
16 C 36 E 56 C
17 E 37 B 57 B
18 D 38 C 58 D
19 E 39 B 59 B
20 B 40 D 60 B
Chapter-5
Fill the blanks and make sentence complete
1. He is too……..to be deceived easily
a. strong b. modern c. kind d. honest e. intelligent
2. Ravi’s behaviour is worthy of……….by all the youngsters.
a. trail b. emulation c. following d. exploration e. experiment
3. The speaker did not properly use the time as he went on ………on
one point alone.
a. dilating b. devoting c. deliberation d. diluting e.
distributing
4. The principal and staff have made………efforts to enable the students
to attend college on the days of the bus strike.
a. integrated b. deliberate c. concerted d. systematic
5. It was ………that a mind so pure and searching could miss the truth.
a. likely b. unlikely c. possible d. scarcely
6. The ………is working on wood.
a. artifactb. artistic c. artist d. artisan
7. If an indelible ink is used, this will not be……….
a. observed b. obligated c. obliterated d. obviated
8. He ……….that he could speak five languages.
a. challenged b. boasted c. submitted d. suggested
9. It is indeed………that 40 years after independence, we have failed
to………a suitable education or examination system.
a. bad, produce b. improper, create
c. sad, evolve d. objectionable, present
10.The boy you met yesterday is in class…………..
a. ninth b. the ninth c. nine d. the nine
11.The children were disappointed because they had hoped ………with
us.
a. to have gone b. to go c. would have gone
12.He is the friend ………I trust most.
a. him b. whom c. which d. who
13.The meeting was presided…………by the Prime Minister.
a. on b. upon c. up d. over
14.He…………..his camera on the railway.
a. laid b. lay c. lain
15.The doctor tried both pencillin and sulphamilamide; the pencillin
proved to be the ………effective drug.
a. very b. more c. most
16.The soldiers were instructed to ………restraint and handle the
situation peacefully.
a. exercise b. control c. prevent d. enforce e. remain
17.My friend took his first pay to the bank to………..it in his account.
a. depositb. deficit c. debit d. demote
18.Family planning is essential for curbing the rapid………in population.
a. spread b. increase c. spurt d. augment
19.The ties that bind a family together are………that they can hardly
withstand any strain.
a. tenacious b. twisted c. tenuous d. tentative
20.The stenographer is very efficient. He is …….to his firm.
a. a credit b. a blessing c. an asset d. a boon
21.The young man lost his way in the forest and found that he had
become a/an………to the
dacoits.
a. enemy b. adversary c. decoy d. quarry
22.He sold property because he was under a lot of………
a. account b. debt c. loan d. credit
23.He was an ……….who was fond of weird pets.
a. ambitious b. amiable c. eccentric d. emotional
24.He bought new shoes last month but they are already………out.
a. given b. gone c. knocked d. worn
25.He knew everything better than anybody else, and it was an affront to
his………vanity that you should disagree with him.
a. overwrought b. overwhelming c. overweening d.
overstrung
26.The Government is confident that the standard of living will begin
to……….again soon.
a. revive b. lift c. flourish d. rise
27.The communalists represent the…….of everything noble we have
inherited from our culture and history.
a. antagonism b. immorality c. antiodote d. antithesis
28.The bureaucrat was………for his role in the scam.
a. reinstated b. criticized c. indicted d. indited.
29.The transfer of territories could not take place because one
state………..the findings of the Commission.
a. objected b. questioned c. rejected d. disputed
30.The mounting pressure was so overwhelming that he ultimately
…………to her wish.
a. agreed in b. cowed in c. gave in d. yielded in
CHAPTE
R-5
Sentence completion
part 1
1 E 11 B 21 D
2 B 12 B 22 B
3 A 13 D 23 C
4 C 14 A 24 D
5 B 15 B 25 C
6 D 16 A 26 D
7 C 17 A 27 D
8 B 18 B 28 C
9 C 19 C 29 D
10 C 20 C 30 C
Chapter-5
Fill the blanks and make sentence complete
1. Joseph introduced me ………his mother as the best batsman.
a. to b. by c. with d. of
2. She ………in the crowd because of her height and flaming red hair.
a. stood by b. stood off c. stood up d. stood our
3. History records 17 incursions of Sultan Mahmood………India.
a. againstb. intoc. upon d. on
4. He is being considered………senior managerial position.
a. of b. to c. for d. towards e. by
5. It should be the aim of every educated Indian to see that as……..as
possible people become literate.
a. few `b. most c. many d. much
6. He……..for their company since1972.
a. is working b. had worked c. worked d. had been working
7. Washing machines………popular in India in the last ten years or so.
a. became b. are become c. have become d. are
becoming
8. He succeeded in getting possession………his land after a long court
case.
a. for b. to c. of d. with e. against
9. Prabha’s ……….in athletics yielded rich………..as she got a
scholarship.
a. performance, money b. defeat, results c. behavior, appreciation
d. excellence, dividends e. failure, disappointment
10.In a changing and …………unstructured business environment,
creativity and innovation are being………demanded of executives.
a. excessively, rapidly b. highly, extremely
b. increasingly, moderately d. progressively, increasingly
11.In……….of international matters, there is always an element of risk
in ……..one might do.
a. view, whichever b. many, doing c. defense, wrong d.
case, whatever e. spite, whatever
12.Moreover, a fact-finding mission………….by BSN to India in
January this year strongly recommended that the French group should
do it alone, and not hand over……..to an Indian partner.
a. constituted, authority b. organized, papers
c. dispatched, control d. sponsored, power
13.Many women in the developing countries experience a cycle of poor
health that………before they are born and persist through adulthood
passing from generation to generation.
a. derivesb. establishes c. begins d. originates
14.He did not have the ……idea of the villagers’ problems.
a. smallest b. finest c. faintest d. feeblest
15.Everyone should……..himself against illness since medical care has
now become expensive.
a. vaccinate b. insure c. brace d. ensure` e.
inoculate
16.These essays are intellectually…….and represent various levels of
complexity.
a. revealing b. modern c. superior d. demanding e. persistent
17.His interest in the study of human behaviour is indeed very……….
a. strong b. large c. broad d. vast e. deep
18.I will be leaving for Delhi tonight and………to return by this
weekend.
a. waiting b. plan c. going d. likely e.
making
19.You need……..shoes for walking in the hills.
a. good b. comfortable c. satisfactory d. sturdy
20.Authority………when it is not supported by the moral purity of its
user.
a. waits b. crumbles c. empowersd. prevails
21.Though they did not speak to each other much, there was
a……..understanding between them.
a. placid b. contractual c. tacit d. verbal
22.Walking at three o’clock, I heard the …….of thunder.
a. clank b. crackle c. rumble d. ripple
23.If something is beyond the ……..of human knowledge man can know
nothing about it.
a. edge b. view c. end d. boundary
24.He ………in wearing the old fashioned coat in spite of his wife’s
disapproval.
a. resists b. desists c. persists d. insists
25.The Education Minister emphasized the need to discover and
……….each student’s ………talents.
a. enlarge, dormant b. belittle, concealed c. suppress,
potential
d. flourish, hidden e. develop, intrinsic
26.He is usually………, but today he appears rather………..
a. strict, unwell b. tense, restless, c. quiet, calm
d. happy, humorous e. calm, disturbed
27.He is so………..that everyone is always………to help him in his
work.
a. helpful, reluctant b. aloof, cooperative c. admant,
enthusiastic
d. miserly, ignorant e. magnanimous, eager
28.……….is a criminal……..in England and covers cases where
offensive descriptions of Christianity are published.
a. Nepotism, act b. Sacrilege, violence c. Blasphemy, offence
d. Obscenity e. Impiety, transgression
29.Priya is not …….for this kind of a job.
a. cut in b. cut up c. cut through d. cut out
30.The lawyer was threatened………..dire consequences.
a. from b. by c. with d. of
31.It was very difficult to dig as the ground was very……………
a. thin b. softc. rigid d. hardest e. hard
32.Would you………..giving your book to me?
a. desires b. mind c. all d. observe e. thought
33.His ……..speech has seriously………..the young minds.
a. audacious, delighted b. maiden, flattered c. humorous,
damaged
d. irresponsible, misled e. eccentric, questioned.
34.On………of the enquiry, if it is found that the……….are true, the
enquiry officer will report the matter to the higher authority.
a. demand, finding b. completion, allegations c.
instituting, charges
d. withdrawal, inferences e. establishment, results
35.Shoppers used to surly clerks behind retail counters elsewhere in
China are in for a ………..
a. gift b. shock c. treat d. none of the above
36.This was dangerous method of ……….popular support.
a. securing b. soliciting c. extracting d. expecting
37.The commandos took a long time to ………..the resistance of the
rebels.
a. cut down b. pull down c tone down d. break down
Sentence completion
part 2
1 A 21 C 41 C
2 B 22 C 42 A
3 B 23 D 43 C
4 C 24 C 44 E
5 C 25 E 45 B
6 D 26 E
7 C 27 E
8 C 28 C
9 D 29 D
10 D 30 C
11 D 31 E
12 C 32 B
13 D 33 D
14 C 34 B
15 B 35 C
16 A 36 B
17 E 37 D
18 B 38 C
19 B 39 D
20 B 40 C
Chapter-6
Directions: Each sentence below has one; or two blanks, each blank
indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five
lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each
blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
CHAPTE
R6
Sentence completion
part 1
1 C 21 C 41 D
2 B 22 B 42 A
3 D 23 A 43 B
4 C 24 E 44 E
5 C 25 D 45 E
6 B 26 A 46 D
7 B 27 E 47 A
8 D 28 D 48 B
9 B 29 D 49 E
10 E 30 C 50 C
11 B 31 E
12 C 32 B
13 E 33 D
14 E 34 D
15 A 35 E
16 B 36 C
17 A 37 C
18 E 38 B
19 D 39 E
20 A 40 A
Chapter-6
Direction: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank
indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five
lettered words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each
blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
29.The mind of a bigot is like the pupil of the eye: the more light you
pour upon it, the more it will………..
a. blink b. veer c. stare d. reflect e. contract
30.We have become so democratic in our habits of thought that we are
convinced that truth is determined through……….of facts.
a. a hierarchy b. a transcendence c. a plebiscite d. a repeal
e. an ignorance
31.Studded starfish are well protected from most……….and parasites by
…………surface whose studs are actually modified spines.
a. dangers…a vulnerable b. predators…an armored c. threats…a
fragile
c. challenges …an obtuse d. exigencies…a brittle
32.Chaotic in conception but not in ………Kelly’s can vases are as neat
as the proverbial pin.
a. conceit b. theory c. execution d. origin e. intent
33.After having worked in the soup kitchen feeding the hungry, the
volunteer began to see her own good fortune as………..an her
difference from the……..as chance rather than destiny.
a. an omen...homeless b. a fluke…impoverished c. a threat…
destitute
d. a reward…indigent e. a lie…affluent
34.Some students are……….and want to take only the courses for which
they see immediate value.
a. theoretical b. impartial c . pragmatic d. idealistic e.
opinionated
35.Unlike the Shakespearean plays that lit up the English stage, the
“closet dramas” of the nineteenth century were meant to
be……….rather than……..
a. seen…acted b. read… staged c. quiet…raucous d.
sophisticated…urbane
36.Japan’s industrial success is ………..in part to its tradition of group
effort and………, as opposed to the emphasis on personal
achievement that is a prominent aspect of other industrial nations.
a. responsive …independence b. related…introspection c.
equivalent…solidarity
d. subordinate…individuality e. attributed…cooperation
37.I was so bored with the verbose and redundant style of Victorian
novelists that I welcomed the change to the……..style of Hemingway.
a. prolix b. consistent c. terse c. logistical d. florid
38.As………head of the organization, attended social functions and civic
meetings but had no in the formulation of company policy.
a. titular…voice b. hypothetical…vote c. former…pride
d. nominal … competition e. actual…say
39.His listeners enjoyed his………..wit but victims often………at its
satire.
a. lugubrious…suffered b. caustic…laughed c. kindly…smarted
d. subtle…smiled e. trenchant…winced
40.The first forty years of life give us the text: the next 30 supply the
a. abridgement b. bibliography c. commentary d. epitaph
e. title
41.The distinctive qualities of African music were not appreciated or
even……..by Westerners until fairly recently.
a. deplored b. revered c. ignored d. neglected e.
perceived
42.It is only to the vain that all is vanity; and all is……….only to those
who have never been……….themselves.
a. arrogance…proud of b. deception…sincere with c.
cowardice…afraid for
d. indolence…bored by e. solitude…left to
43.No act of……….was more pronounced than his refusal of any
rewards for his discovery.
a. abeyance b. submission c. egoism d. denunciation e.
abnegation
44.The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated while it is still in
an……state: otherwise it may grow to dangerous proportions.
a. amorphous b. embryonic c. uncultivated d. overt
45.Unlike the gregarious Capote, who was never happier than when he
was in the center of a crowd of celebrities, Faulkner, in later years,
grew somewhat……….and shunned company.
a. congenial b decorous c. dispassionate d. reclusive e
ambivalent
46.She is a pragmatist, as………..to base her future on impractical
dreams as she would be to build a castle on shifting sand.
a. determined b. disinclined c. quick d. apt e. diligent
47.We are……..the intellects of the past; or, rather, like children we take
it for granted that somebody must supply us with our supper and
our……….
a. ungrateful to …..ideas b. dependent on…repose c. unfaithful
to…needs
d. fortunate in …allowance e. generous to…wants.
48.This island is a colony; however, in most matters, it is ……….and
receives no orders from the mother country.
a. submissive b. amorphous c. distant d. autonomous e.
aloof
49. Although 18th century English society as a whole did not encourage
learning for its own sake in women, nonetheless it
illogically……..women’s sad lack of education.
a. palliated b. postulated c. decried d. brooked e.
vaunted
50.Faced with these massive changes, the government keeps its own
counsel; although generally benevolent, it has always
been……….regime.
a. an altruistic b. an unpredictable c. a reticent d. a sanguine
e. an indifferent
Sentence completion
part 2
1 C 21 D 41 E
2 B 22 E 42 B
3 E 23 D 43 E
4 B 24 A 44 B
5 C 25 C 45 D
6 C 26 E 46 B
7 C 27 D 47 A
8 E 28 A 48 D
9 A 29 E 49 C
10 A 30 C 50 C
11 E 31 B
12 A 32 C
13 B 33 B
14 D 34 C
15 E 35 B
16 B 36 E
17 C 37 C
18 E 38 A
19 C 39 E
20 C 40 C
Chapter-7
Problem-1
For generations man has…1…against the wilds to create a world where
only he ..2.. whether animals and plants survive or are..3..out. Earlier we
accepted as self-evident that any ...4.. in our environment brought about
by science and technology must be improvements..5..the world of
our ..6.. However, many people all over the world have begun to feel
that..7.. are going too far, and that we should try to ..8.. some of the
world’s original life before we find it..9..too late. The same sciences
which had led us away from nature are now..10..the miracle of creation.
1. a. faced b. stood c. struggled d. challenged
2. a. decides b. thinks c. advises d. observes
3. a. taken b. wiped c. put d. thrown
4. a. differences b. increments c. changes d. replacements
5. a. in b. at c. over d. for
6. a. aborigines b. ancients c. successors d. ancestors
7. a. ourselves b. we c. us d. some
8. a. demolish b. cherish c. save d. renovate
9. a. occurs b. sounds c. seems d. gets
10.a. unfolding b. discussing c. arguing d. narrating
Problem-2
It is neither the size nor the length of life which makes man..1..The
growth of mind and the intellect is..2.. in proportion to the growth of the
human body. The man may ..3.. physically the stature of a giant, yet he
may remain ..4.. a dwarf. The true worth of man..5.. upon his action, deed
and thought. Man is not like a tree. An oak tree..6.. to a huge size and
lives for hundreds of years, only to ..7.. to the ground, withered, dry and
leafless..8.. It is not in ..9.. things that ..10.. is sought.
1.a. human b. polite c. better d. humble
2.a. roughly b. usually c. ever d. never
3.a. earn b. attain c. keep d. grow
4.a. morally b. spiritually c. socially d. intellectually
5.a. depends b. lies c. revolves d. gathers
6.a. lifts b. grows c. manages d. raises
7.a. decay b. dwindle c. disappear d. fall
8.a. log b. wood c. pole d. chip
9.a. big b. small c. broad d. lengthy
10.a. interest b. value c. curiosity d. perfection
Problem-3
The population of the country poses a ..1..economic situation, for we are
not able to ..2..it by our own agricultural produce. Besides...3.. all
development efforts, the problem brings ..4.. to the community, to the
family and the individual. To plan when population growth is ..5.. is like
building a house where the ground is constantly ..6.. An argument is
put..7.. that our country is overpopulated. The vast potent resources of the
country still lie..8.. It is indeed a pity that our vast resources..9.. unused.
If we are able to ..10.. our productive forces, even double the present
population can be ..11.. Our population problem does not lie..12.. in the
increase in the number of people. The real ..13.. and the menace to
the ..14.. of us all lies in the effect of this rapidly increasing population
on our ..15.. to provide essentials of life to everyone.
1.a. satistactory b. hopeful c. grim d. foul
2.a. finance b. flourish c. support d. maintain
3.a. rejecting b. dismissing c. boosting d. neutralising
4.a. pain b. difficulty c. distress d. relief
5.a. increased b. encouraged c. checked d. unchecked
6.a. flat b. fertile c. futile c. flooded
7.a. down b. up c. through d. forward
8.a. tapped b. untapped c. uncontrolled d. dormant
9.a. appear b. stay c. lie d. go
10.a. mould b. bridle c. stem d. harness
11.a. supported b. enhanced c. encouraged d. tolerated
12.a. generally b. widely c. broadly d. merely
13.a. point b. idea c. meaning d. threat
14.a. life b. welfare c. future d. career
15.a. will b. inability c. ability d. intention
Problem-4
Scaling each other was one of the ..1.. pastimes of the American
Indians..2.. of the colonial settlers of the ..3.. discovered world for 4
centuries ..4.. the end of the 19th ..5.. To the white man, arriving ..6..
Hordes from the European countries ..7.. red-skinned man, who had
migrated ..8.. Asia more than 10 centuries earlier ..9.. a barrier to
settlement and ..10.. wealth. To the Indian, the white man promised only
the end of a free way of life, a total humiliation, so they killed each other.
1 a. liked b. favourite c. enjoyable d. practical
2 a. so b. while c. because d. and
3 a. freshly b. lately c. newly d. recently
4 a. up b. on c. till d. until
5 a. millennium b. annum c. century d. decade
6 a. over b. with c. on d. in
7 a. such b. the c. that d. any
8 a. out b. of c. away d. from
9 a. was b. were c. is d. are
10 a. possible b. potential c. probable d. certain
Problem-5
Fundamentally, all human ..1..possess combinations of fixed inherited
traits. All men possess the ..2.. highly developed nervous system,
backbones, erect posture, hair, etc. Therefore ..3.. among men arise only
in ..4.. changes of this ..5.. pattern. Racoal ..6.. represent one of the finest
distinctions and are based on certain..7.. differences. Two races may
be ..8.. in hair colour and in eye colour but ..9.. in stature while two
others may be ..10.. in stature but differ in colour of eyes and hair.
1 a. animal b. beings c. mind d. society
2 a. large b. different c. same d. natural
3 a. sameness b. naturalness c. artificial d. variations
4 a. no b. large c. fundamental d. minor
5 a. fluctuating b. basic c. mad d. picturesque
6 a. difference b. clashes c. hatred d. tolerance
7 a. clearcut b. minor c. unnoticeable d. massive
8 a. alike b. different c. mismatched d. beautiful
9 a. alike b. tall c. same d. different
10 a. similar b. short c. uncouth d. different
Problem-6
In all compositions ..1.. is the most ..2.. virtue. You should write in a
simple and ..3.. manner. The words chosen should be ..4.. in meaning.
Try not to use ..5.. words merely because they are ..6.. Do not allow
poetic images or ..7.. to spoil the grace of good style. It is no longer ..8..
to stuff your composition with too many ..9.. or proverbs especially if
their relevance is ..10..
1 a. complexity b. flourish c. simplicity d. reserve
2 a. hidden b. described c. depicted d. admired
3 a. straightforward b. showy c. ornate d decorative
4 a. haphazard b. quick c. discriminating d. clear
5 a. difficult b. short c. appropriate d. small
6 a. familiar b. literary c. distant d. admired
7 a. pictures b. stories c. similes d. examples
8 a. dislike b. uncommon c. difficult d. fashionable
9 a. philosophies b. writers c. quotations d. systems
10 a. good b. observed c. clear d. doubtful
CHAPTER
-7
Part - 1
problem 1
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D
6 C 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 A
problem 2
1 A 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 A
6 B 7 D 8 A 9 A 10 D
problem 3
1 C 2 C 3 D 4 C 5 D
6 D 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 D
11 A 12 D 13 D 14 C 15 C
problem 4
1 B 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C
6 D 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 B
problem 5
1 B 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 B
6 A 7 B 8 A 9 D 10 A
problem 6
1 C 2 D 3 A 4 D 5 A
6 B 7 C 8 D 9 C 10 D
Chapter-7
Problem -1
Inn 1893, Lokmanya Tilak converted the Ganapati festival into a national
celebration. He comapaigned ..1..the ..2.. celebration of this public
festival throughout Maharashtra. It was ..3.. this festival that he could ..4..
public ..5.. for the nationalist movement. The desired ..6.. of this festival
was further ..7.. by the Shivaji festival. It was inauguraged in honour of
Chhatrapati Shivaji, the greatest Maratha King, in the ..8.. of several
thousand people. In the ..9.. the Marathas were ..10.. and this helped a lot
in mounting an attack on the British rule.
1 a. with b. withstanding c. against d. for
2 a. early b. wide c. sudden d. slow
3 a. indeed b. exactly c. through d. before
4 a. enhance b. demand c. control d. mobilise
5 a. support b. grievances c. places d. festival
6 a. decoration b. publicity c. importance d. impace
7 a. decided b. reinforced c. displayed d. manifested
8 a. protest b. service c. presence d. honour
9 a. fight b. beginning c. meantime d. activity
10 a. glorified b. forbidden c. absent d. neglected
Problem-2
The Congress ..1.. issued on the eve of the ..2.. elections contains an open
endorsement of the Dunkel Draft. Stress has been ..3.. allaying 2 specific
apprehensions. The Dunkel Draft, the manifesto says, poses no ..4.. to
food subsidies and the subside-based public ..5. system. The GATT
treaty, it is explained, would all ..6.. to the extent of 10% of the market
price. 2nd , there should ..7.. be no fear on account of the Dunkel
stipulation of allowing ..8.. of farm products up to 3% of its domestic
output. Imports of such a piffling order, according to the manifesto, could
..9.. no threat to the domestic price..10..
1 a. manifesto b. paper c. draft d. souvenir
2 a. past b. recent c. immediate d. old
3 a. put on b. laid on c. give d. placed on
4 a. threat b. danger c. problem d. situation
5 a. dealing b. working c. distribution d. relation
6 a. concession b. allowance c. subsidy d. aid
7 a. too b. even c. also d. exactly
8 a. imports b. exports c. sell d. purchase
9 a. make b. pose c. create d. affect
10 a. system b. line c. structure d. pattern
Problem -3
Operation Flood was ..1.. with the primary objective of ..2.. rural milk
producers with urban milk consumers, by ..3.. viable producer
cooperatives in the milk shed, and thus ..4.. the rural milk producers to
earn higher income from milk. The program ..5.. some 72 lakh members
in nearly 61000 village societies ..6.. over diverse ecologies in 174 milk
sheds. The cooperatives procure an average of 90lakh litres of milk a day
to ..7.. the ever growing urban demand for fresh milk from the country.
1 a. visualized b. created c. launched d. devoted
2 a. joining b. linking c. bringing d. identifying
3 a. exposing b. creating c. generating d. providing
4 a. offering b. enabling c. activating d . justifying
5 a. covers b. rotates c. motivates d. follows
6 a. distributed b. assembled c. spread d. situated
7 a. control b. meet c. satisfy d. attend
Problem-4
Essentially I am interested in ..1.. world, in this ..2.., not in some
other ..3.. or a future life. Whether there is such a ..4.. as a soul, or
whether there is a survival after ..5.. or not, I do not know and important
as these ..6.. are, they do not trouble me in ..7.. The environment in
which I have ..8.. upholds the soul and a future life, the karma theory
of ..9.. and effect and reincarnation for ..10..
Problem -5
The 1.. of a survey by the National Institute of ..2.. health give ..3..
for ..4.. According to the survey, about 14 million people in India are
affected by ..5.. mental ..6.. at any point of time. In the case of the
mentally ill, it is ..7.. difficult to ..8.. them, let alone ..9.. them. The
most ..10.. are those in the ..11.. areas, for whatever ..12.. for the mentally
sick exist are concentrated around major urban centres.
1 a. verdicts b. decisions c. judgements d. measures e.
findings
2 a. spiritual b. psychical c. social d. physical e.
mental
3 a. food b. cause c. purpose d. support e.
reinforcement
4 a. alarm b. discount c. fear d. dissatisfaction e.
vexation
5 a. dangerous b. strong c. serious d. fatal e. important
6 a. disorders b. perturbation c. dislocation d. confusion e.
involvement
7 a. seldom b. occasionally c. very d. hardly e.
never
8 a. cure b. recognize c. identify d. select e. rehabilitate
9 a. facilitate b. guide c. cure d. advise e. treat
10 a. indifferent b. neglected c. careless d. abandoned e.
seriously
11 a. urban b. rural c. forest d. suburban e.
metropolitan
12 a. facilities b. advantages c. avenues d. remedies e.
solicitations
Problem-6
We can appreciate the importance of Chemistry if we understand what
chemistry is. It is experimental science which has the tasks of ..1.. the
materials out of which the things in the universe are made. Analyses have
..2.. things to be composed of elements aggregated in different ..3..
Millions of ..4.. which are used in our daily life are prepared with only a
few dozen elements. Even the ..5.. molecule does not contain more than
four or five types of elements. Both the giant and the micro molecules are
..6..important. Water which is composed of only 2 types of elements, i.e.
hydrogen and oxygen, is one of the ..7.. of life. Proteins, the compounds
of 4 elements, play a ..8.. role in cell formation. Vitamins, hormones, etc.
are all chemical compounds and are ..9.. in laboratories. Dyes, plastics,
fertilizers, drugs, synthetic fibres, etc., are all ..10.. substances. Therefore,
it would be appropriate to say that chemistry is an important subject and
it should be studied by all.
1 a. listing b. investigating c. inventing d. collecting
2 a. revealed b. allowed c. facilitated d. assumed
3 a. shapes b. manners c. styles d. proportions
4 a. products b. compounds c. substances d. items
5 a. biggest b. heaviest c. longest d. darkest
6 proportionally b. critically c. equally d. rarely
7 requirements b. blessings c. essentials d. components
8 a. major b. positive c. reasonable d. suitable
9 a. collected b. found c. synthesized d. used
10 a. physical b. light c. imported d. chemical
FILL IN BLANKS
PART 2
problem 1
1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A
6 D 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 D
problem 2
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 C
6 C 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 C
problem 3
1 C 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A
6 C 7 B
problem 4
1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 C
6 C 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 B
problem 5
1 E 2 E 3 B 4 A 5 C
6 A 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 E
11 B 12 A
problem 6
1 B 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 A
6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 D
Chapter – 8
Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or
phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the
lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in
the original pair
1.MASON:WALL:: a. artist : easel b. fisherman:trout c.
author :book
d. congressman : senator e. sculptor : mallet
2.FIRE : ASHES:: a. accident : delay b. wood : splinters c.
water : waves
d. regret : melancholy e. event : memories
3.GOOSE :GANDER:: a. duck : drake b. hen: chicken c.
sheep : flock
d. dog : kennel e. horse : bridle
4.CARPENTER: SAW:: a. stenographer : typewriter b. painter :
brush c. lawyer : brief
d. seamstress : scissors e. runner : sneakers
5.CAPTAIN :SHOAL:: a. lawyer : litigation b. pilot : radar c.
soldier : ambush
d. doctor : hospital e. corporal : sergeant
6.HORNS:BULL:: a. a mane : lion b. wattles : turney c.
antilers :stag
d. hoofs : horse e. wing : eagle
7. JUDGE :COURTHOUSE:: a. carpenter : bench b. lawyer : brief
c. architect : blueprint d. physician : infirmary e. landlord: studio
8.HELMET :HEAD::a . pedal:foot b. gun: hand c. breastplate :chest
d. pendant : neck e. knapsack : back
9.GULLBLE :DUPED::a. credible: cheated b. careful:cautioned c.
malleable: molded
d. myopic: misled e. articulate : silenced
10.DUNGEON : CONFINEMENT::a. church: chapel b. school: truancy
c. asylum : refuge
d. hospital: mercy e. courthouse: remorse
11.HERMIT : GREGARIOUS::a. miser : penurious b. ascetic :
hedonistic c. coward : pusillanimous d. scholar : literate e.
crab: crustacean
12.MENDACITY: HONESTY::a. courage: cravenness b. truth : beauty
c. courage : fortitude d. unsophistication : ingenuousness e.
turpitude : depravity
13.MARATHON :STAMINA::a. relay : independence b. hurdle :
perseverance c. sprint: celebrity d. jog : weariness e. ramble:
directness
14.NAIVE :INGENUE::a. ordinary : genius b. venerable ; celebrity
c. urbane : sophisticate d. crafty : artisan e. modest : braggart
15.RETOUCH: PHOTOGRAPH a. hang : painting b. finger : fabric
c. retract : statement d. compose : melody e. refine : style
16.INDIGENT :WEALTH:: a. contented : happiness b. aristocratic :
stature c. smug : complacency d. emaciated : nourishment e.
variegated : variety
17.SHALE :GEOLOGIST::a. catacombs : entomologist b. aster :
botanist c. obelisk : fireman d. love : philologist e. reef :
astrologer
18.DIDACTIC :TEACH:: a. sophomoric : learn b. satiric : mock c.
reticent : complain
d. chaotic : rule e. apologetic : deny
19.HACKNEYED :ORIGINAL::a.. mature: juvenile b. trite : morbid
c. withdrawn: reserved d. evasive : elusive e. derivative :
traditional
CHAPTE
R8
Anology /
part 1
1 C 21 A 41 C
2 E 22 B 42 D
3 A 23 C 43 A
4 D 24 C 44 C
5 C 25 A 45 A
6 C 26 E 46 C
7 D 27 C 47 A
8 C 28 A 48 E
9 C 29 C 49 C
10 C 30 B 50 C
11 B 31 B
12 A 32 C
13 C 33 B
14 C 34 E
15 E 35 A
16 D 36 C
17 B 37 C
18 B 38 D
19 A 39 B
20 B 40 B
Chapter 8
Anology /
part 2
1 D 21 C 41 A
2 B 22 A 42 C
3 E 23 E 43 A
4 B 24 B 44 C
5 B 25 C 45 A
6 A 26 D 46 B
7 B 27 B 47 C
8 C 28 D 48 D
9 E 29 C 49 B
10 C 30 A 50 C
11 A 31 A
12 E 32 C
13 B 33 B
14 C 34 D
15 A 35 D
16 E 36 C
17 B 37 D
18 D 38 B
19 D 39 A
20 A 40 A
Chapter-9
In each of the questions, there are 4/5 statements A,B,C, and E that have
to be arranged in a logical order to make sensible paragraph or in some
the questions, there are four statements A, B, C, and D that have to be
arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between statements 1
and 6.
18.A. The markets are not just wiring economies together ad altering
the structures of companies but changing entire political systems.
B. But, as the experience of South Korea shows, figure probably
underestimate the impact of the capital markets on the world.
C. The speed of movement is faster, the ratio of capital to traded
goods bigger and the consequences of a
Mistake more devasting.
D. Everything about global capital markets seems to be breaking
records these days.
E. The amount of capital in circulation is greater than ever before.
a. DECBA b. AEDBC c. ADEBC d. EACDB
20.A. There are many poor children in this country who die of this
disease because their families cannot afford the cure.
B. Childhood leukaemia for them is a lifelong ailment for it will
kill them young.
C. They will never have the opportunity to grow up into
adulthood.
D. Their families are too poor to afford the required drugs even
though these drugs are readily available.
E. Who knows what these children would have grown up to be if
they had a chance to fight back?
a. ACDBE b. ABCDE c. AEDBC d. ADBCE
CHAPTE
R-9
Parajumbles /
part 1
1 B 11 C 21 A
2 C 12 C 22 A
3 B 13 D 23 C
4 C 14 D 24 A
5 B 15 D 25 D
6 D 16 A
7 D 17 D
8 D 18 A
9 D 19 A
10 D 20 D
Chapter-9
In each of the questions, there are four/five statements A,B,C,D and E
that have to be arranged in a logical order to make sensible paragraph
or in some the questions. There are 4 statements A,B,C and D that
have to be arranged in a logical order to make a paragraph between
statements 1 and 6.
13. 1. Look at any industry and you will see three kinds of
companies.
A. They are the oligarchy.
B. Next are the rule takers, the companies that pay homage
to the industrial ‘lords’.
C. IBM, CBS, United Airlines, Merill Lynch, Sears, Coca –
Cola, and the like are the creators and procreators of industrial
orthodoxy.
D. First are the rule makers, the incumbents that built the
industry.
6. Fujitsu, ABC, US, Air, Smith Barney, J.C. Penney, and
numerous others are those peasants.
a. DCAB b. DCBA c. CBDA d. BCAD
16. A. The power that ruled the world could not really in the
shape of just one of oits dependent creatures, but rather be complete in
itself.
B. Elsewhere on the Mediterranean shore, similarly
indignant Prophets denied that God had any picturable image or rose
from nothing.
C. No image of zeus as man – like, bull – like or a golden
rain could be acceptable.
D.Xenophanes of colophon (570-478 BC), like Clement,
despised myths.
a. DACB b. CBAD c. DBAC d. BCAD
21. 1. The first thing thast strikes you as your Airbus lands at
Don Muang Airport is the heat and the humidity.
A. Japanese tour groups, complete with Nike shoes and
matching bags; huge contingents form mainland China easily
distinguishable with their obsession with khaki, animated Malaysians,
colourful smatterings of Indonesians and Koreans and the rest.
B. In Thailand, it is either hot and humid, very hot and
humid or mild and humid.
C. Many of thousand of tourists descending upon a kingdom
which must boast the most successful tourism industry in the world.
D. Almost as overwhelming is the rush of humanity as you
approach the immigration clearance area.
6. The inclement weather apart, Thailand is overstuffed
with cars, choked with auto pollution, and always in a state of flux.
a. CBAD b. CADB c. CDAB d. BDCA
Parajumbles /
part 1
1 A 11 D 21 D
2 C 12 C 22 A
3 B 13 A 23 A
4 C 14 B 24 C
5 C 15 A 25 D
6 C 16 A
7 C 17 B
8 C 18 C
9 B 19 D
10 B 20 C
Chapter – 10
Passage 1
Work expands so as to fill the time available fo its completion. The general
recognition of this fact is shown in the proverbial phrase, “It is the busiest
man who has time to spare.” Thus, an elderly lady at leisure can spend the
entire day writing a postcard to her niece. An hour will be spent in finding
the postcard, another hunting for spectacles, half an hour to search for the
address, an hour and a quarter in composition and twenty minutes in
deciding whether or not to take an umbrella whengoing to the pillar box in
the street. The total effort that would occupy a busy man for 3 minutes, all
told , may in this fashion leave another person completely exhausted after a
day of doubt, anxiety and toil.
1. Explain the sentence: ‘Work expands so as to fill the time
available for its completion’.
A. The more work there is to be done, the more the
time needed.
B. Whatever time is available for a given amount of
work, all of it will be used.
C. If you have more time, you can do more work.
D. I f you have some important work to do, you should
always have some additional time.
2. Who is the person likely to take more time to do work:
A. A busy man B. A man of leisure
C. An elderly person D. An exhausted person
3. What does the expression ‘pillar box’ stand for?
A. A box attached to the pillar B. A box in the
pillar
C. Box office D. A pillar-type
post box
4. What happens when the time to be spent on some work
increases?
A. The work is done smoothly B. The work is
done leisurely
C. the work consumes all the time D. The work needs
additional time.
5. What is the total time spent by the elderly lady in writing
a postcard?
A. 3 minutes B. 4 hour and 5 minutes
C. ½ an hour D. A full day
Passage 2
Joti, a gardener’s son, was once invited to attend the marriage ceremony of a
Brahmin friend. As he loved his friend dearly, he attended the function. The
bridegroom was being led in a procession to the bride’s house. This
procession consisted of men, women, and children mostly Brahmin. Joti was
also walking along with the procession.
One orthodox Brahmin recognized him and was annoyed at the sight of a
low caste boy walking with the Brahmins in the marriage procession. Unable
to contain himself, he shouted, “How dare you walk along with us? You are
not our equal. Ge behind! Otherwise go away”. Joti felt insulted. He left the
procession and returned home.
He narrated the whole incident to his father with anger in his eyes. However,
his father advised him to observe old customs. That night Joti could not
sleep. What could he do for the equality of human beings? Caste system was
deep-rooted. As the lower caste people were not educated, they had accepted
this mental slavery for ages. Joti therefore resolved to revolt against this
mental slavery and educate the lower caste people. He became the first
Indian to start a school for the untouchables as well as a girls’ school in
Maharashtra. We recognize him today as Mahatma Phule.
1. According to the passage, what has made low caste people accept
mental slavery?
a. Poverty b. Old customs c. Apathy of change
d. Lack of education e. Supremacy of the Brahmins
2. What kind of a man was Joti’s father?
a. A man of revolutionary ideas
b. One who advised him to start a school for the untouchables
c. A man who did not want Joti to break old traditions
d. A man not in favour of Joti attending the marriage ceremony
e. One who was also present in the marriage procession
3. What did Joti do after his insult?
a. Left the procession and went to his friend
b. Tried to take a revenge on his friend
c. Decided not to join any such marriage processions in future
d. Involved himself actively in the freedom movement
e. Engaged himself in social service
4. Why did Joti attend the marriage?
a. He was advised by his father accordingly
b. He was invited by the father of the bride
c. The bridegroom was a good friend of Joti
d. Not mentioned in the passage
e. None of these
5. Why could Joti not sleep that night?
a. He had to attend the marriage of his friend
b. He wanted to do something for the lower caste people
c. The Brahmin insulted his friend
d. His father was sick
e. He was not getting any help for his school
6. Why was the Brahmin annoyed with Joti?
a. He left the marriage procession abruptly
b. He insulted his friend
c. He did not invite the Brahmin for the marriage procession
d. He was an uninvited guest
e. He was walking along with orther Brahmins in the marriage
procession
7. According to the passage, why did Joti quit the marriage
procession?
a. He was asked accordingly by his friend
b. He could not tolerate his insult
c. He had to see his ailing father
d. His father warned him against attending that marriage
e. He had no faith in such customary rituals
8. What does the author highlight in this passage?
a. Joti’s contribution to the upliftment of the people of lower
classes
b. Poverty of lower class people in India
c. Need for separate schools for girls
d. Merits of caste system in India
e. Need for unity among different sections of people in India
9. Which of the following statements is true according to the
passage?
a. The bridegroom was Joti’s classmate
b. Joti’s father was also invited to the marriage
c. Mt. Phule started a school for the untouchables
d. Joti did not say anything about the incident to his father
e. The Brahmin who insulted Joti was the bride’s father
Passage 3
The last half of my life has been lived in one of those painful epochs of
human history during which the world is getting worse, and past victories
which had seemed to be definitive have turned out to be only temporary.
When I was young, Victorian optimism was taken for granted. It was
thought that freedom and prosperity would spread gradually throughout the
world through an orderly process, and it was hoped that cruelty, tyranny, and
injustice would continually diminish. Hardly anyone was haunted by the fear
of great wars. Hardly anyone thought of the 19th century as a brief interlude
between past and future barbarism.
1. The author feels sad about the latter part of his life because:
a. he was nostalgic about his childhood
b. the world had not become prosperous
c. the author had not won any further victories
d. the world was painfully disturbed during that period of time
2. The victories of the past:
a. Brought permanent peace and prosperity
b. Ended cruelty, tyranny and injustice
c. Proved to be temporary events
d. Filled men with a sense of pessimism
3. The word ‘definitive’ used in the passage means:
a. Defined b. Final
c. Temporary d. Incomplete
4. During the Victorian age people believed that:
a. Strife would increase
b. There would be unlimited freedom
c. Wars would be fought on a bigger scale
d. Peace would prevails and happiness would engulf the whole
world
5. ‘A brief interlude between past and future barbarism’ can be
interpreted as:
a. a short period of time between past and future acts of savagery
b. a short space of time between 2 great events
c. an interval between cruel wars
d. a dramatic performance during wars
Passage 4
It is not luck but labour that makes men. Luck, says an American writer, is
ever waiting for something to turn up; labour with keen eyes and strong will
always turns up something. Luck lies in bed and wishes the postman would
bring him news of a legacy; labour turns out at six and with busy pen ad
ringing hammer lays the foundation of competence. Luck whines, labour
watches. Luck relies on chance, labour on character. Luck slips downwards
to self-indulgence; labour strides upwards and aspirers to independence. The
conviction, therefore is extending that diligence is the mother of good luck.
In other words, that a man’s success in life will be proportionate to his
efforts, to his industry, to his attention to small things.
1. Which one of the following statements sums up the meaning of the
passage?
a. Luck waits without exertion, but labour exerts without
waiting
b. Luck waits and complains without working while labour
achieves success although it complains
c. Luck is self-indulgent, but labour is selfless
d. Luck often ends in defeat but labour produces luck.
2. Which one of the following words in the passage indicate that the
writer does not ultimately reject the element of luck?
a. ‘luck… is ever waiting’
b. ‘luck whines’
c. ‘diligence is the mother of good luck’
d. ‘luck … wishes the postman would bring him news’
3. Which one of the statements is true about the passage?
a. luck is necessary for success
b. success depends only on hard luck
c. expectation of good luck always meets with disappointment
d. Success is exactly proportionate to hard work.
4. ‘… Labour turns out at six and with busy pen and ringing hammer
lays the foundation of competence.’ What does this statement
mean?
a. Hard work of all kinds makes people efficient
b. Labour lays the foundation of the building
c. The writer ad the labourer are the true eyes of the society
d. There is no worker who works so hard as the labourer who
begins his day at six in the morning.
Passage 5
The news that the Indian Railways are going to incur a shortfall of Rs. 1000
crore in their resources generation- and will, therefore, have to seek
budgetary support to that extent – will not surprise many. That is a scenario
that has been played out for years now, and the outcome too has been
predictable – with the railway budget doing its duty by doling out public
money. But it is time to look at the problem differently, in view of the
current concerns of government in economizing its charity and the feeling
that the railways have to stand on their own legs.
The railways have, over the last few month, continued to experience a
shortfall of Rs.85 crore per month, a feature that could add to their woes if it
continues. Fall in expected goods traffic, in the rate per tonne and also a dip
in passenger traffic has contributed to the shortfall. All this may not be new
concerns for the railways; the relevant point. However, is how the system
and the government hope to tackle it.
Clearly, budgetary support should be considered only in the last instance,
after various measures to both reduce expenditure and raise resources have
been tried out. Consider subsides on passenger traffic-the expenditure which
really digs into the government’s coffers. In fact, passenger traffic subsidy
accounted for nearly 90% of the railways’ losses in 1992/93, with freight
traffic subsidies taking up the rest.
Freight traffic subsidy cuts should prove easier if this year’s budget exercise
is any indication. Till now2, 16 commodities were subsidized. In 1993/94,
budget subsidy on 4 was removed. Prices aid not rise, there was little protest
and now the railways ought to be emboldened to do more. Reduction in
passenger subsidies is more tricky given the dependence of such a large
population, mostly poor, on the system and most governments have been
reluctant to do much. In fact, passenger rates haven been hiked very few
times and that too only in recent years.
One area where the railways could do a lot more pruning is in shutting
uneconomic branch lines. For instance, in 1992/93 it was found that 114
branch lines contributed a loss of Rs.121 crores.
To its credit, however, the railways have been looking around for sources of
funds other than the budget.
1. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as phrase ‘played
out’ as it has been used in the passage?
a. enacted b. repeated c. dramatized
d. done e. predicted
2. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the railway operation?
a. Reduction in goods traffic is not a new phenomenon
b. Passenger traffic has shown an increase in recent years
c. Rates per tonne of goods carried has come down
d. Railways are aware of the problem of reduction in income
e. None of these
3. How does the cut in freight traffic affect the shortfall?
a. by increasing the income
b. by reducing the expense
c. simultaneously increasing income and reducing expense
d. by reducing dependence on the Central Government
e. None of these
4. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding the shortfall in the
railways resource generation?
a. It was higher than earlier years
b. It is happening for the first time
c. It was anticipated by most people
d. This is the largest shortfall ever to happen
e. None of these
5. How does the government expert to ‘economize its charity’?
a. By requiring the railways to be self-sufficient
b. By stopping the budget support
c. By showing its concern through the railway ministry
d. By not doling out public money
e. By reducing the overall operation of the railways
6. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word ‘dip’ as it
has been used in the passage?
a. Drift b. slowness c. plunge
d. reduction e. tardiness
7. Which of the following seems to be the major contributing factor
towards the losses of the railways?
a. passenger subsides
b. freight subsides
c. uneconomical lines
d. all of the 3 are at the same level
e. none of these
8. What does the author suggest that the railways should do as regards
freight subsidy?
a. It should introduce subsidy for more items
b. It should be very courageous
c. It should remove or reduce subsidies of more items
d. Author’s views are not explicit
e. none of these
9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the passenger fare charged
by the railways?
a. It is excessively high now
b. First class passengers are not given any subsidy
c. only second class passengers get subsidy
d. poor people alone get subsidy
e. none of these
10. What seems to be the ultimate consideration for allowing freight
subsidy by the railways?
a. Keeping the freight charges low
b. Keeping the railways in losses
c. Keeping the prices of commodities low
d. Cannot be made out from the passage
e. None of these
11. Why do the government and railways not raise the passenger fares?
a. It is anyway subsidized
b. It does not affect the railways very much
c. It is anyway making losses
d. It would affect a large number of people
e. none of these
12. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word
‘pruning’ as it has been used in the passage?
a. stopping
b. economizing
c. spending
d. profiteering
e. canceling
13. Which of the following has the SAME meaning as the word ‘tricky’
as it has been used in the passage?
a. Foolish
b. Deceitful
c. Useless
d. Needless
e. difficult
14. Which of the following has the OPPOSITE meaning to the word
‘digs’ as it has been used in the passage?
a. donates
b. constructs
c. levels
d. contributes
e. shares
15. How many freight items are now subsidized by the railways?
a. 16
b. 4
c. 10
d. 20
e. none of these
CHAPTE
R 10
COMPREHENSION
PART 1
PASSAGE
1
1 B 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 D
PASSAGE
2
1 D 2 C 3 E 4 C 5 B
6 E 7 B 8 E 9 C
PASSAGE
3
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 A
PASSAGE
4
1 D 2 C 3 D 4 A
PASSAGE
5
1 B 2 B 3 E 4 C 5 A
6 D 7 A 8 C 9 E 10 C
11 D 12 B 13 E 14 D 15 E
Chapter 10
PASSAGE 1
Our body is a wondrous mechanism and when subjected to unusual stress
over a period of time, it adapts itself to deal more effectively with that stress.
So when you exert your muscles against resistance, they are forced to adapt
and deal with this extraordinary work load. This is the principle of weight
training. Strands of muscle fibres become thicker and stronger in response to
the demands placed on them.
One of the great merits of weight training is the strength of your heart.
During weight training, your heart is forced to beat faster and stronger in
order to pump sufficient blood to the muscles being worked. In time, your
heart, like your body, will adapt to this extra-workload by becoming stronger
and more efficient. Since your body needs a given amount of blood to
perform its daily tasks your heart will now need fewer beats to pump the
same quantity of blood. Sounds good? There’s more. Your entire circulatory
system is given a thorough workout every time you exercise, which
increases its overall efficiency. Even the neural paths from your brain’s
command centers to each individual muscle become more effective,
enabling easier recruitment of muscle fibres for carrying out physical tasks.
In essence, your body becomes a well-oiled and finely-tuned piece of
machinery, whirring along without any break-down. In today’s stress filled
world, you need all the help you can get.
1. What is the principal training of weight lifting?
a. adapting the body to muscle force
b. adapting muscles to force implied on them
c. disposing extra-workload
d. mechanized response to external conditions
2. What affects the nature of muscle fibres?
a. Intensity of workload
b. alimentary system
c. nutrition
d. stress imposed on them
7. Which one of the following is the most appropriate title for the
passage?
a. health is wealth
b. exercise-its benefits
c. the mechanics of weight training
d. how to retain your health
Passage 2
The work which Gandhiji had taken up was not only the achievement of
political freedom but also the establishment of a social order based on truth
and non-violence, unity and peace, equality and universal brother-hood and
maximum freedom for all. This unfinished part of his experiment was
perhaps even more difficult to achieve than the achievement of political
freedom. In the political struggle, the fight was against a foreign power and
all one could do was either join it or wish it success and give it his moral
support. In establishing the social order of this pattern, there was a lively
possibility of a conflict arising between groups and classes of our own
people. Experience shows that man values his possessions even more than
his life because in the former he sees the means for perpetuation and survival
of his descendants even after his body is reduced to ashes. A new order
cannot be established without radically changing the mind and attitude of
men towards property and, at some stage or the other, the ‘haves’ have to
yield place to the ‘have-nots’. We have seen in our time, attempts to achieve
a kind of egalitarian society and the picture of it after it was achieved. But
this was done, by and large, through the use of physical force.
In the ultimate analysis it is difficult, if not impossible, to say that the
instinct to possess has been rooted out or that it will not reappear in an even
worse form under a different guise. It may even be that, like a gas kept
confined within containers under great pressure, or water held by a big dam,
once a barrier breaks, the reaction will one day sweep back with a violence
equal in extent and intensity to what was used to establish and maintain the
outward egalitarian form. This enforced egalitarianism contains, in its
bosom, the seed of its own destruction.
The root cause of class conflict is possessiveness or the acquisitive instinct.
So long as the ideal that is to be achieved is one of securing the maximum
material satisfaction, possessiveness is neither suppressed nor eliminated but
grows on what it feeds. Nor dos it cease to be such- it is possessiveness, still,
whether it is confined to only a few or is shared by many.
If egalitarianism is to endure, it has to be based not on the possession of the
maximum material goods by few or by all but on voluntary, enlightened
renunciation of those goods which cannot be shared by other or can be
enjoyed only at the expense of others. This calls for substitution of spiritual
values for purely material ones. The paradise of material satisfaction, that is
sometimes equated with progress these days neither spells peace nor
progress. Mt. Gandhi has shown us how the acquisitive instinct inherent in
man could be transmuted by the adoption of the ideal of trusteeship by those
who ‘have’ for the benefit of all those who ‘have not’ so that, instead of
leading to exploitation and conflict, it would become a means and incentive
for the amelioration and progress of society respectively.
1. According to the passage, egalitarianism will not survive if
a. it is based on voluntary renunciation
b. it is achieved by resorting to physical force
c. underprivileged people are not involved in its establishment
d. people’s outlook towards it is not radically changed
e. none of these
2. According to the passage, why does man value his possessions
more than his life?
a. he has inherent desire to share his possessions with others
b. he is endowed with the possessive instinct
c. only his possessions help him earn love and respect from his
descendants
d. through his possessions he can preserve his name even after
his death
e. none of these
3. According to the passage, which was the unfinished part of
Gandhi’s experiment?
a. educating people to avoid class conflict
b. achieving total political freedom for the country
c. establishment of an egalitarian society
d. radically changing the mind and attitude of men towards
truth and non-violence
e. none of these
4. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the
passage?
a. true egalitarianism can be achieved by giving up one’s
possessions under compulsion
b. man values his life more than his possessions
c. possessive instinct is a natural part of the human being
d. in the political struggle, the fight was against the alien rule
e. the root cause of class conflict is possessiveness
5. According to the passage, true egalitarianism will last if
a. it is thrust upon people
b. it is based on truth and non-violence
c. people inculcate spiritual values along with material values
d. ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ live together peacefully
e. none of these
6. According to the passage, people ultimately overturn the form of a
social order
a. which is based on coercion and oppression
b. which does not satisfy their basic needs
c. which is based upon conciliation and rapprochement
d. which is not congenial to the spiritual values of the people
e. none of these
7. According to the passage, the root cause of class conflict is
a. the paradise of material satisfaction
b. dominant inherent acquisitive instinct in man
c. exploitation of the ‘have-nots’ by the ‘haves’
d. a social order where the unprivileged are not a part of the
establishment
e. none of these
8. Which of the following statements is ‘not true’ in the context of the
passage?
a. a new order can be established by radically changing the
outlook of people towards it
b. adoption of the ideal of trusteeship can minimize possessive
instinct
c. enforced egalitarianism can be the cause of its own
destruction
d. ideal of new order is to secure maximum material
satisfaction
e. none of these
9. According to the passage, which of the following statements is
‘true’?
a. a social order based on truth and non-violence alone can
help the achievement of political freedom
b. in establishing the social order of Gandhiji’s pattern, the
possibility of a conflict between different classes of society
hardly exists
c. it is difficult to change the mind and attitude of men towards
property
d. in an egalitarian society, material satisfaction can be enjoyed
only at the expense of others
e. none of these
10. According to the passage, what does “adoption of the ideal of
trusteeship” mean?
a. equating peace and progress with material satisfaction
b. adoption of the ideal by the ‘haves’ for the benefit of the
society
c. voluntary, enlightened renunciation of the possessive
instinct by the privileged class
d. substitution of spiritual values by material ones by those
who live in the paradise of material satisfaction
e. none of these
Passage – 3
The first thing the children wanted to do at the zoo was to ride the elephant.
They were frightened as they climbed the ladder to take their seats on the
swaying back of the huge beast. Elephants seem awkward creatures as they
move along heavily, their legs covered with loose folds of tough skin and
their trunk swinging from side to side in search of food or drink. An elephant
has great strength in its trunk, and can drag heavy loads with ropes, but it
can also use its trunk to pick up small articles such as coins or nuts from the
ground. After their ride on the elephant, the children went to see the lions
and tigers. Crowds of people stood watching, protected from the cruel beasts
by the strong metal bars of the cages.
From there, they went to seen the monkeys. Those merry creatures were
jumping about the rocks, swinging on the wires of their cages, or begging for
nuts from the passers-by. If anyone annoyed them, they would scold him
angrily and beat their chests with their hands.
In the end, they saw some curious creatures like the giraffe with its long
neck and the camel with its short beard.
1. Which of the following is the reaction of the monkeys when they
get irritated?
a. They jump about the rock
b. They swing on the wire of the cage
c. They beat their chest
d. They beg from visitors
e. They keep quiet
2. The cages of lions are made of strong metal bars in order to
a. protect visitors from the lions
b. Protect lions from other animals
c. Ensure the durability f the cages
d. Enable the visitors to see the lions
e. Enable lions to get fresh air
3. Which of the following is the chief function of the trunk of the
elephant?
a. Picking up small articles like coins from the ground
b. Swaying from side to side
c. Dragging heavy loads
d. Eating food and drinking water
e. Creating fear among other animals
4. The children were afraid of riding on the elephant as
a. The elephant looked awkward
b. The back of the elephant was swaying
c. The trunk of the elephant was winging
d. The elephant was dragging heavy loads
e. Its legs were covered with loose folds
5. Which of the following is a ferocious animal?
a. Giraffe
b. Elephant
c. Camel
d. Monkey
e. None of these
6. Which of the following does ‘not’ make the elephant awkward in
appearance?
a. Its long trunk
b. Its swinging trunk
c. Its heavy movement
d. Loose folds on its legs
e. None of these
7. Which of the following is typical of the giraffe?
a. Hump on the back
b. Short beard
c. Tough skin
d. Swaying back
e. Long neck
Passage 4
To those who do listen, the desert speaks of things with an emphasis quite
different from that of the shore, the mountain, the valley or the plains.
Whereas these invite action and suggest limitless opportunity and
exhaustless resources, the implications and the mood of the desert are
something different. For one thing, the desert is conservative, not radical. It
is more likely to provoke awe than to invite conquest. The heroism which it
encourages is the heroism of the endurance, not that of conquest. It brings
man up against this limitation, turns him in upon himself and suggests
values which more indulgent regions suppress. Sometimes it induces
contemplation in men who have never contemplated before. And of all the
answers to the question-what is a desert good for –‘ contemplation’ is
perhaps the best.
1. In order to receive the desert’s message the beholder needs to be
a. Courageous in his reaction
b. Conservative in his responses
c. A good listener
d. Sensitive of nature
2. The desert is unique among landscapes in that it encourages only
a. Contemplation
b. Indolence
c. Heroic endeavour
d. Adventurous spirit
3. If one responds with insight to the mood of the desert, it evokes
a. An inclination for deep thought
b. The possibility of unending resources
c. The desire for heroic conquest
d. A sense of intense revulsion
4. The writer calls the desert ‘conservative’ rather than ‘radical’
because it provides an environment that
a. Inspires man to explore it
b. Offers unlimited opportunity to conquer
c. Tests one’s endurance
d. Makes one gloomy
5. What does the phrase “it brings man up against his limitations”,
mean?
a. It makes man feel hopeless about his limitations
b. It makes man aware of his limitations
c. It compels man to fight against his limitations
d. It persuades man to overcome his limitations
Passage 5
The best way of understanding our own civilization is to take an ordinary
sort of day in the life of an ordinary sort of man, myself for instance, and to
see what he does. My home is in London. I get up in the morning when an
alarm clock rings on the table by my bed. It is quite a complicated machine
and works perfectly. I get into a hot bath, the water for which has been
heated by gas. The gas is supplied to me by the Gas Board for the area in
which I live; it is part of a national system. The water is supplied by the City
Water Board. After bathing, I shave – the water for my shave comes from a
kettle which has been heated by electricity. As far as I am concerned, what
happens is very simple: I put a plug in the wall and put on the switch and the
electricity does the rest. I use a safety razor, the blade of which, made of
very finely tempered steel, has been cut, together with millions of other
blades, by machines. The clothes which I put on have also been spun and
woven largely by steam or electrically driven machines.
1. The ‘I’ in this passage represents:
a. A common man
b. A rich person
c. An automation
d. A robot
2. The ideal way of understanding a civilization is
a. To read its literature
b. To see how the people shave, bathe and dress
c. To assess its technological progress
d. To study the daily routine of an ordinary person
3. The ‘complicated machine’ in the passage refers to
a. An electric kettle
b. A safety razor
c. An alarm clock
d. Gas
4. The gas being ‘supplied by a national system’ means that
a. It is supplied by a nationalist government
b. It is supplied only nationally and not internationally
c. It is supplied all over the country by a central agency
d. It is supplied to only those who believe in a national system
5. The kind of life experienced by the writer is representative of
a. An advanced urban society
b. A rural society
c. A semi-urbanized society
d. A socialist society
Passage 6
The idea of evolution (which is gradual change ) was not a new one. The
Greeks had thought of it, so had Erasmus Darwin, the grandfather of Charles
Darwin, and also the Frenchman, Lamarck. It is one thing to have an idea;
we can all guess and sometimes make a lucky guess. It is quite another thing
to produce a proof of the correctness of that idea. Darwin thought he had that
proof in his notebooks. He saw that all animals had to struggle to survive.
Those which were best at surviving their environment passed on the good
qualities which helped them to their descendants. This was called ‘ the
survival of the fittest’. For example, in a cold climate, those who have the
warmest fur will live. Darwin believed that this necessity for an animal to
deal with its environment explained the immense variety of creatures.
1. At the time that Darwin arrived on the scene, the idea of evolution
a. Was an unheard of idea
b. Had already been proved beyond doubt
c. Had been thought of but not proved
d. Was not thought fit for exploration
2. According to Darwinian thought, the world of animals is marked
by
a. peaceful coexistence
b. A struggle for survival
c. Indifference towards each other
d. Love and friendship
3. The expression ‘the survival of the fittest’ means that-
a. The strong will survive while the weak will perish
b. The strong and the weak will live peacefully
c. The strong will help the weak survive
d. Both the strong and the weak will survive
4. In colder climates
a. All animals can survive
b. No animal can survive
c. Only animals with fur can survive
d. Animals are hard to come by
5. Darwin thought that the environment
a. Has no effect on animals
b. Has lot of effect on animals
c. Has a marginal effect on animals
d. Has an effect on man but not on animals
Passage 7
Mikhail Gorbachev’s ouster, though dramatic in every respect, is on no
account a surprise. Both his foes and his closest friends had been warning
him of it with a heightening sense of urgency for the past several months. Its
consequences, however, are wholly unpredictable. The Soviet Union could
well witness protracted violence on a mass scale should the reformists and
the republics, those which have sought varying degrees of sovereignty for
themselves, choose to defy the central authority. It is possible that the
country after an initial period of uncertainty, and perhaps even violence,
could revert to the pre-Perestroika system. Equally uncertain is the course of
East-West relations. These are bound to deteriorate though the extent of
deterioration must remain a matter of conjecture. Hailed abroad as a leader
who had dared to free Soviet citizens from fear, who had enabled the
countries of Eastern Europe to become democracies even as they regained
their full sovereign status, who had paved the way for the reunification of
Germany and who had exposed the moribund and totalitarian character of
communism, he appeared, at home under fire from all sides.
1. Under Gorbachev’s term, the Soviet people were
a. Afraid to speak
b. Indisciplined and lazy
c. Committed to communism
d. Not afraid to criticize
2. The relations between the Soviet Union and Western countries
a. Are likely to remain unaffected
b. May improve considerably
c. Will definitely get worse
d. Will fluctuate
3. The post-Gorbachev era may witness
a. A more open economy
b. Reversal of Perestroika
c. Greater role for reformers
d. Sovereignty for republics
4. As a result of his policies, the countries of Eastern Europe became
a. Democratic and truly independent
b. Authoritarian and inhuman
c. United and totalitarian
d. Democratic but with a monarchy
5. The removal of Mikhail Gorbachev from power is
a. Thrilling and extraordinary
b. Dramatic but expected
c. Vivid and shocking
d. Strange and cruel
Passage 8
Bansilal’s train was late and it reached Bombay a little after midnight. It was
his first visit to the city, and he didn’t know where to go. He thought he
would go to a choultry where he would not have to pay rent, but he did not
know how to find one at that hour. He asked a porter to get him a cheap
room. The porter asked him for 3 rupees to take him to 1. But Bansilal
waved him away and walked out of the station. He wandered through the
streets and asked a number of people, but could not find a room cheap
enough for him.
He sat down on a park bench to think of what he should do next. He was
very tired and fell asleep on the bench. He woke up the next morning, stiff in
every limb; but he smiled when he realized that it was the cheapest night’s
lodging that he had ever had.
1. Bansilal could not get any accommodation for the night as
a. All the hotels in the city were closed
b. All the hotel room were booked
c. The hotels were too expensive for him to afford
d. He wanted to spend the night in the open
2. In the passage, the word ‘choultry’ should mean
a. An expensive hotel
b. A highway hotel
c. A roadside eatery
d. A free resting place
3. The porter refused to help Bansilal because
a. He was rude to the porter
b. He had no previous acquaintance with the porter
c. He spoke a language which the porter could not understand
d. He refused to pay the porter any tip
4. The night in the open
a. Refreshed Bansilal
b. Gave him aches all over his body
c. Made his limbs stronger
d. Did not affect him at all
5. From the passage, Bansilal emerges as
a. A thrifty person
b. An extravagant spender
c. An adventurous person
d. A fun loving person
COMPREHENSION
PART 2
PASSAGE
1
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 A
6 A 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 A
PASSAGE
2
1 D 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 C
6 A 7 B 8 C 9 B 10 B
PASSAGE
3
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 E
6 E 7 E
PASSAGE
4
1 D 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 D
PASSAGE
5
1 A 2 D 3 C 4 C 5 A
PASSAGE
6
1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 B
PASSAGE
7
1 C 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B
PASSAGE
8
1 C 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 A
Chapter 11
Passage 1
Most of us use the products of science- railways, aeroplanes, electricity
wireless and thousands of others- without thinking how they came into
existence. We take them for granted, as if we were entitled to them as a
matter of right. We are very proud of the fact that we live in an advanced age
and are ourselves very advanced. Now, there is no doubt that our age is a
very different one from previous ages and I think it is perfectly correct to say
that it is far more advanced. But that is a different thing from saying that we
as individuals or groups are more advanced. It would be the height of
absurdity to say that because an engine driver can run an engine and Plato or
Socrates could not, the engine driver is more advanced than, or is superior
to, Plato or Socrates. But it would be perfectly correct to say that the engine
itself is a more advanced method of locomotion than Plato’s chariot was.
1. Which one of the following statements is true?
a. An engine driver is cleverer than Plato or Socrates
b. Plato or Socrates are in no way inferior to “the engine
driver”
c. Plato and Socrates surpassed the engine driver in every
respect
d. The engine driver cannot be compared to Plato or Aristotle
2. In this passage, the author mentions Plato and Socrates to
emphasize that
a. They were men of great scholarship
b. People as individuals in the modern age are not more
advanced than their predecessors
c. The engine is a better mode of locomotion than Plato’s
chariot
d. Plato Aristotle had greater respect for learning
3. According to the author, the present age is far more advanced than
a. All the previous ages in some respects
b. The age of Socrates and Aristotle in some respects
c. Some of the previous ages in all respects
d. All the previous ages in all respects
4. Many of us make use of machines
a. With very little knowledge of their mechanism
b. Without any knowledge of their historical significance
c. With full knowledge of their genesis
d. Without knowing how they were invented
5. People today are very proud because they live
a. In a philosophically advance age
b. In a materially advanced age
c. In a scientifically advanced age
d. In a spiritually advanced age
Passage-2
Economists, ethicists and business experts persuade us that honesty is the
best policy, but their evidence is weak. We hoped to find data that would
support their theories ad thus, perhaps, encourage higher standards of
business behaviour. To our surprise, their pet theories failed to stand up.
Treachery, we found, can pay. There is no compelling economic reason to
tell the truth or keep one’s word. Punishment for the treacherous in the real
world is neither swift nor sure.
Honesty is, in fact, primarily a moral choice. Business people do tell
themselves that, in the long run, they will do well by doing good. But there
is little factual or logical basis for this conviction. Without values, without a
basic preference of right over wrong, trust based on such delusion would
crumble in the face of temptation. Most of us choose virtue because we want
to believe in ourselves and because others respect and believe us.
And due to this, we should be happy. We can be proud of a system in which
people are honest because they want to be, not because they have to be.
Materially, too, trust based on morality provides great advantages. It allows
us to join in great and exciting enterprises that we could never undertake if
we relied on economic incentives alone.
Economists tell us that trust is enforced in the market place through
retaliation and reputation. If you violate a trust, your victim is apt to seek
revenge and others are likely to stop doing business with you, at least under
favourable terms. A man or woman with a reputation for fair dealing will
prosper. Therefore, profit maximisers are honest. This sounds plausible
enough until you look for concrete examples. Cases that apparently
demonstrate the awful consequences of trust turn out to be few and weak,
while evidence that treachery can pay seems compelling.
1. What do economists and ethicists, according to the passage, want
us to believe?
a. Businessmen should always be honest
b. Businessmen cannot always be honest
c. Businessmen turn dishonest at times
d. Businessmen are honest only at times
2. What did the author find out about the theory that ‘honesty is the
best policy’?
a. It is correct on many occasions
b. It is correct for all businesses
c. It is a useless theory
d. It is a theory which seems to be correct only occasionally
3. Why are businessmen, according to the aughor, honest in their
dealings?
a. Businessmen are God-fearing
b. Businessmen choose to be honest
c. Businessmen are honest by nature
d. All businessmen are caught if they are dishonest
4. Which of the following, according to the author, is the reason for
being honest in business?
a. It gives no immediate benefits
b. It gives long-term benefits
c. It makes a person self-seeking
d. It earns the disrespect of others
5. Why does the author say that one can be proud of the present
situation?
a. People are self-respecting
b. People are respect-seekers
c. People are unselfish
d. People are honest without compulsion
6. What is the material advantage which the author sees in being
honest?
a. It permits one to undertake activities which may not be
economically attractive
b. It permits one to be honest for the sake of honesty alone
c. It permits one to make a lot of profit in various areas
d. It permits one to form various trusts to make profits
7. Why do businessmen, according to economists, remain honest?
a. Dishonest businessmen can make more money
b. Dishonest businessmen make money in the long run
c. Dishonest businessmen cannot stay in business for long
d. Dishonest businessmen are flogged in the market place
8. Which of the following phrases is most nearly the ‘same’ in
meaning as the word ‘persuade’ as it has been used in the passage?
a. Give an assurance
b. Give an opinion
c. Try to convince
d. Cheat
9. Which of the following is ‘false’ according to the passage?
a. Economists believe that all businessmen are dishonest
b. Generally people are honest so as to earn self-respect
c. Virtuous behaviour earns the respect of others
d. All dishonest men are not caught
10. Which of the following best describes what the author is trying to
point out through the last sentence of the passage, ‘Cases that…
compelling’?
a. The consequences of dishonesty
b. Theories do not seem to be true
c. Economists predict correctly
d. The contradictions in the real world
Passage -3
The greatest enemy of mankind, as people have discovered, is not science,
but war. Science merely reflects the prevailing social forces. It is found that,
when there is peace, science is constructive; when there is war, science is
perverted to destructive ends. The weapons which science gives us do not
necessarily cause war; they make war increasingly terrible. Till now, it has
brought us to the doorstep of doom. Our main problem, therefore, is not to
curb science, but to stop war- to substitute law for force, and international
government for anarchy in the relations of one nation with another. That is a
job in which everybody must participate, including the scientists. But the
bombing of Hiroshima suddenly woke us up to the fact that we have very
little time. The hour is late and our work has scarcely begun. Now we are
face to face with an urgent question-“Can education and tolerance,
understanding and creative intelligence run fast enough to keep us abreast
with our own mounting capacity to destroy?” That is the question which we
shall have to answer one way or the other in this generation. Science must
help us in arriving at the answer, but the main decision lies within ourselves.
1. According to the writer, the real enemy of mankind is not science
but war, because
a. Science merely invents the weapons with which wr is fought
b. Science during wars becomes destructive
c. The weapons that science invents necessarily lead to war
d. The weapons invented by science do not cause war, though
these make it more destructive
2. War can be stopped if
a. Science is not allowed to lead us to utter destruction
b. We replace force and lawlessness by law and international
government
c. Science is restricted to be utilized only during war time
d. Weapons invented by science are not used to launch a war.
3. According to the writer, the main problem we are faced with is to
a. Stop science from reflecting social forces
b. Stop scientific activities everywhere
c. Abolish war
d. Prevent scientists form participating in destructive activities
4. Our mounting sagacity to destroy can be kept under control by
a. Encouraging social forces
b. Education and broad-mindedness
c. Insight and constructive thinking
d. Both B and C (as above) together
5. The expression ‘bring to the doorstep of doom’ means
a. Carry close to death and destruction
b. Lead to the threshold of a new destiny
c. Indulge in a ruinous activity
d. Introduces to an unpredictable destiny
6. Which one of the following statements is ‘not implied’ in the
passage?
a. People needlessly blame science for war
b. Science is misused for destructive purposes
c. Neither science nor the weapons it invents add to the horrors of
war
d. The role of science in ensuring world peace is subsidiary to that
of man
7. Which of the following is OPPOSITE’ in meaning to the word
‘anarchy’ in the middle of the passage?
a. Law and order
b. Political dominance
c. Economic prosperity
d. Communal harmony
8. The phrase ‘our work has scarcely begun’ implies that our work
a. Has not yet begun
b. Has only just begun
c. Has been half-way through
d. Has begun, but not yet completed
9. The expression ‘keep us abreast’ in the passage means
a. Keep at a distance
b. Keep side by side
c. Hold out a challenge
d. Prevent from escaping
10. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the
passage:
a. Science and social forces
b. Science and the horrors of war
c. Science and world peace
d. Science and the new generation
Passage 4
We develop the vital bond of attachment between a mother and her child
through smiling response. As a visual stimulus the smile has attained its
unique configuration principally by the simple act of turning up the comers
of the mouth. The mouth is opened to some extent and the lips pulled back,
as in the expression of fear, but with the curling-up of the corner, the
character of the expression is radically changed. This development has in
turn led to the possibility of another and contrasting facial posture- that of
the down-turned mouth. By adopting a mouth line that is the complete
opposite of the smile it is possible to signal an anti-smile. Just as laughing
evolved out of crying and smiling out of laughing, so also the unfriendly
face has evolved by a pendulum swing from the friendly face.
But there is more to smiling than a line of the mouth. As adults, we may be
able to convey our mood by a mere twist of the lips, but the infant throws
much more into the battle. When smiling at full intensity, it also kicks and
waves its arms about, stretches its hands out towards the stimulus and moves
them about, produces babbling sounds, tilts back its head and protrudes its
chin, leans its trunk forward or rolls it to one side and exaggerates its
respiration. Its eyes become brighter and may close slightly; wrinkles appear
underneath or along the eye and some-times also on the bridge of the nose;
the fold of the skin between the sides of the nose and the side of the mouth
becomes more accentuated, and the tongue may be slightly protruded. The
body movements seem to indicate a struggle on the infant’s part to make
contact with the mother. With its clumsy physique, the baby is probably
showing us all that remains of the ancestral private clinging response.
1. We recognize a smile by
a. The turning up of the corners of the mouth
b. Opening the mouth, stretching the lips making them longer and
curling up the corners
c. Stretching the lips and turning down the corners while at her
same time opening the mouth a little
d. Kicking and moving the arms and stretching the hands towards
the opposite person
e. By closing the eyes and making them brighter A adult can
convey his smile by
2. An adult can convey his smile by
a. A mere twist of his lips
b. Twisting his lips upwards
c. Kicking his arms about, producing babbling noises and
breathing hard
d. Adopting a mouth line completely opposite the anti-smile shape
3. Which statement is ‘TRUE’?
a. A baby’s smile is more vigorous than that of an adult
b. When compared to adults, a baby smiles more quietly
c. It is not possible to speak when one is smiling, especially when
the person is a baby
d. Babies make babbling noises, tilt their heads back and protrude
their chin before they can smile
4. Smiling is an effort on the infant’s part to show
a. That it is happy
b. Its mother is happy
c. That it is struggling to make contact with its mother
d. It attempts to develop a vital bond of attachment which its ape-
like ancestors tried to do by clinging to the mother
5. Match the following with words fatally opposite in meaning
a. Laughing a. Smile
b. Anti-smile b. Crying
c. Curling up c. Frown
d. Down-turned
Passage-5
A vexed problem facing us is the clamour to open more colleges
and to reserve more seats for backward classes. But it will be a
sheer folly to expand such facilities recklessly without giving any
thought to the quality of education imparted. If admissions are
made far more selective, it will automatically reduce the number of
entrants. This should apply particularly to new colleges, many of
which are little more than degree factories. Only then can the
authorities hope to bring down the teacher-student ratio to
manageable proportion. What is more, teachers should be given
refresher courses every summer to brush up their knowledge.
Besides, if college managements increase their library budget it
will help both the staff ad the students a great deal.
At the same time, however, it will be unfair to deny college
education to thousands of young men and women, unless
employers stop insisting on degrees even for clerical bobs. For a
start, why cannot the government disqualify graduates from
securing certain jobs, say Class III and IV posts? Once the link
between degrees and jobs is severed, at least in some important
departments, it will make young people think twice before joining
college.
1. What can automatically help to reduce admissions?
a. Tough entrance tests
b. Discouragement to open new colleges
c. Selective admissions
d. Abolishing reservation
2. How can the standards of education be raised?
a. By admitting only the best students.
b. By opening model institutions
c. By discouraging dull students
d. By reducing the number of new entrants
3. How can teachers be helped to brush up their knowledge?
a. By providing better library facilities
b. By arranging refresher courses
c. By providing them more leisure
d. By persuasive measures
4. The author is not in favour of restricting admissions
a. Unless degrees are delinked from jobs
b. Unless alternative opportunities are provided
c. Unless other incentives are offered
d. Unless the teacher-student ration is changed
CHAPTE
R 11
PART 1
PASSAGE
1
1 D 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C
PASSAGE
2
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 D
6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 D
PASSAGE
3
1 D 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A
6 C 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 C
PASSAGE
4
(A)-(B),(B)-
1 B 2 D 3 A 4 D 5 (A),©-(D)
PASSAGE
5
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 D
Chapter-11
Short passage 1
Throughout the ages the businessman has helped build civilization’s great
cities, provide people with luxuries ad artists with patronage, and lift his
fellow-citizens to understand the standard of living. In the last few centuries
the businessman has seeded the Industrial Revolution around the world.
1. Paragraph best supports the statement that the businessman-
a. Is accountable to the society
b. Is the beneficiary of the Industrial Revolution
c. Has contributed to the growth of civilization
d. Is capable of raising his standard of living
e. Lives a luxurious and comfortable life
Short passage 2
Through advertising, manufactures exercise a high degree of control over
consumers’ desires. However, the manufacturer assumes enormous risks in
attempting to predict what consumers will want and in producing goods in
quantity and distributing them in advance of the final selection by the
consumers.
2. The paragraph best supports the statement that manufacturers-
a. Can eliminate the risk of overproduction by advertising
b. Distribute goods directly to the consumers
c. Can predict with great accuracy the success of any product they
put on the market
d. Must depend finally upon the consumers for the success of their
undertakings
e. Always take moderate and calculated risk
Short passage-3
The school has always been the most important means of transferring the
wealth of tradition from one generation to the next. This applies today in an
even higher degree than in former times for, through the modern
development of economic life, the family’s role as the bearer of tradition and
education has become weak.
3. The paragraph best supports the statement that for transferring the
wealth of tradition from one generation to the next-
a. Economic development plays a crucial role
b. There are means other than the school
c. Family, as ever, is the most potent means
d. Several different sources must be tried
e. Modern technology must be put to use
Short passage 4
The attainment of individual and organizational goals is mutually
interdependent linked by a common denominator- employee work
motivation. Organization members are motivated to satisfy their personal
goals, and they contribute their efforts to the attainment of organizational
objectives as means of achieving these personal goals.
4. The paragraph best supports the statement that motivation-
a. Is crucial for the survival of an individual and organization
b. Is the external force which induces an individual to contribute
his efforts
c. Makes organization and society inseparable
d. Is the product of an individual’s physical and mental energy
e. Encourages an individual to give priority to personal goals over
organizational goals
Short passage 5
The prevention of accidents makes it necessary that not only safety devices
be used to guard exposed machinery but also that mechanics be instructed in
safety rules which they must follow for their own protection, and that the
lighting in the plant be adequate.
5. The paragraph best supports the statement that industrial accidents-
a. May be due to ignorance
b. Can be eliminated with the help of safety rules
c. Usually result form inadequate machinery
d. Cannot be entirely overcome
e. Are always avoidable
Short passage 6
To forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is
actually a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away by
resentment and hate into an act of vengeance; but it takes a strong character
to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgiveness an injury proves
himself to be superior to the man who wronged him and puts the wrong-doer
to shame.
6. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. A person with calm and composed nature has depth of thought
and vision
b. People tend to forgive the things that happened in the past
c. Natural passions are difficult to suppress
d. The sufferer alone knows the intensity of his sufferings
e. Mercy is the noblest form of revenge
Short passage 7
The consumption of harmful drugs by the people can be prevented not only
by banning their sale in the market but also by instructing users about their
dangerous effects which they must understand for their safety. Also the drug
addicts may be provided with proper medical for their rehabilitation. This
will help in scaling down the use of drugs.
7. The paragraph best supports the statement that consumption of
harmful drugs-
a. May be channelised through a proper system
b. Can be eliminated with the help of banning their sale
c. Are on an increase in the society
d. Are due to lack of medical facilities
e. Can always be reduced
Short passage 8
The virtue of art is that it does not allow the work to be interfered with or
immediately ruled by anything other than itself. It insists that it alone shall
touch the work in order to bring it into being. Art requires that nobody shall
attain the work except through art itself.
8. The paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Art is for the sake of art and life
b. Art is for the sake of art alone
c. The artist should use his art for the sake of society
d. Art is governed by external rules and conditions
e. The artist realizes his dreams through his artistic creation
Short passage 9
One of the important humanitarian by-products of technology is the greater
dignity and value that it imparts to human labour. In a highly industrialized
society, there is no essential difference between Brahmin and Dalit, Muslim
and Hindu; they are equally useful and hence equally valuable, for in the
industrial society individual productivity fixes the size of the pay cheque and
this fixes social status.
9. The paragraph best supports the statement that
a. Industrial society is great leveler of men
b. Technology decides the individual’s social status
c. All individuals, irrespective of caste and creed, are born equal
d. Castes and religions are man-made
e. Human labour has dignity and value
Short passage 10
There is a shift in our economy from a manufacturing one to a service-
oriented one. The increase in the service-sector will require the managers to
work more with people rather than with objects and things from the
assembly line.
10. The paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Inter-personal skills will become more important in the future
workplace
b. Service organizations will not deal with objects and things
c. Manufacturing organizations ignore the importance of people
d. Assembly line will exist in service organizations
e. Managers should have a balanced mind
Short passage 11
Satisfaction with co-workers, promotion opportunities, the nature of work,
and pay go with high performance. Among those with weak growth need, no
such relationship is present and, in fact, satisfaction with promotion
opportunities goes with low performance.
11. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. High performance is essential for organizational effectiveness
b. Every organization has a few employees having weak growth
needs
c. Relationship between job satisfaction and performance is
moderated by growth need
d. Job satisfaction and performance are directly and closely
related
e. Satisfaction is an inevitable organizational variable
Short passage 12
People need to determine whether or not their opinions are correct and to
obtain an accurate appraisal of their abilities. The individual’s opinions and
beliefs, as well as his evaluation of his abilities are important determinants
of his behaviour. Correct opinions and accurate appraisals of ability lead to
unpleasant consequences.
12. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. People need to depend on others to satisfy their needs
b. Every individual has some ability and some emotions
c. Most individuals are not correct in their opinions and beliefs
d. There exists a drive among individuals to evaluate their
opinions and abilities
e. Appraisals of abilities is a continuous activity
13. Among the elite of metropolitan India, things are gradually
changing. Women are being recognized by employers, particularly
in the corporate sector, as temperamentally suited to the
information age. Visit any advertising agency or ad-film maker’s
office ad the male-female ratio leans heavily towards the female
population.
14. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Women are heading most of the agencies or ad-film makers’
offices
b. Women are believed to be more equipped to handle infotech
c. Only elite women join the corporate sector
d. Male-female ratio in the society is gradually changing
e. Women have advantage of their sex in employment
Short passage 14
Moral education centers upon this conception of the school as a mode of
social life, that the best and the deepest moral training is precisely that which
one gets through having to enter into proper relations with others in a unity
of work and thought. The present educational systems, so far as they destroy
or neglect this unity, render it difficult or impossible to get any genuine,
regular moral training.
14. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Society survives on moral values
b. Morality is based on proper relations with others
c. Schools must teach the basic principles of social life
d. Morality differs from place to place and is situation bound
e. It is the responsibility of any education system to impart moral
education
Short passage 15
The school is primarily a social institution. Education being a social process,
the school is simply that form of community life in which all those agencies
are concentrated which will be most effective in bringing the child to share
in the inherited resources of the race, and to use his/her own powers for
social ends.
15. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Education is a process of living and not a preparation for future
living
b. Education in the real sense is not provided in our schools today
c. Education teaches how to share the inherited treasures
d. The school, as an institution, should simplify existing social life
e. Children are endowed with immense powers
Short passage 16
Accidents on roads can be prevented, provided the quality of roads in
improved and the drivers are instructed in safety rules which they must
follow for their own protection. It is also necessary that the illumination on
the roads is adequate so as to prevent accidents at night.
16. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Road accidents are solely due to improper illumination
b. Road accidents result in large number of deaths
c. Road accidents are man-made and are always avouidable
d. Safety rules are not taught properly to all drivers
e. Safety must be uppermost in the minds of road drivers
Short passage 17
In the final analysis, the wealth of a country is based upon its power to
develop and to effectively utilize the innate capacities of its people. It takes
skilled human agents to discover and exploit natural resources, to mobilize
capital, to develop technology, to produce goods, and to carry out trade.
Indeed, if a country is unable to develop its human resources, it cannot build
anything else, whether it be a modem political system, a sense of national
unity, or a prosperous economy.
17. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. The wealth of a country resides in several types of resources
b. Natural resources play a vital role in human development
c. Human resources constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of
nations
d. Capital and natural resources are active factors of production
e. The economic development of nations is ultimately the result of
proper and effective planning and coordination
Short passage 18
People need to determine whether or not their opinions are correct and
correct and to obtain an accurate appraisal of their abilities. The individual’s
opinions and beliefs, as well as his evaluation of his abilities are important
determinants of his behaviour. Correct opinions and accurate appraisals of
ability from others are likely to lead to satisfying or rewarding behaviour;
incorrect beliefs and/or inaccurate appraisals of ability lead to unpleasant
consequences.
18. This paragraph best supports the statement that-
a. Individual seek feedback from others to evaluate the
correctness of their opinions and beliefs
b. All human behaviour is purposive and goal-directed
c. All individuals want rewards and avoid punishments
d. An individual’s personality determines his social behaviour
Short surprisingly abundant life of the Indian Ocean is confined to the upper
layers; the deeper and especially the bottom waters are devoid of oxygen and
are often permeated with hydrogen sulphide.
1. The sentence gives the information about
a. The life of the people near the Indian Ocean
b. The reason why life exists in particular water layers
c. The reason why oxygen is not found in the bottom layers
d. The reason why hydrogen sulphide is found in the bottom
layers
e. The life of the people who sail across the Indian Ocean
2. The bottom waters of the Indian Ocean
a. Have no oxygen
b. Have large amounts of oxygen
c. Contain a lot of sea plants and animals
d. Have no hydrogen sulphide
e. Contain oxygen and hydrogen sulphide
3. The waters of the Indian Ocean
a. Are devoid of life
b. Are always permeated with hydrogen sulphide
c. Have life only in the lower layers
d. Lack life and it is very surprising
e. Have life only in the upper layers
4. Which of the following is the most opposite of the word
ABUNDANT, as used in the passage?
a. Plentiful b. Minute c. Insufficient d. Meagre
e. Tiny
5. The sentence suggests which one of the following:
a. Observers are surprised at how little life exists in the Indian
Ocean
b. Hydrogen sulphide is necessary to life
c. Both oxygen and hydrogen sulphide are necessary to life
d. Oxygen is not necessary for marine life
e. There are different layers of waters in the ocean
Short passage 20
Although a smiling face often disguises the mind and heart of a villain, an
indiscriminate generalization of this phenomenon will do injustice to the
innocent children whose faces bloom like flowers.
1. The intention of the author seems to be
a. To point out to an exception to the general rule
b. To argue in favour of children who are sometimes guilty
c. To forcefully defend the kind acts of villains
d. To give justice to the generous actions of everyone
e. To create a favourable opinion about people with smiling faces
2. The author of the sentence accepts the fact that
a. All the things that appear most beautiful are the ugliest within
b. The faces of innocent children disguise ill acts
c. The faces of innocent children are as pleasing as the flowers in
bloom
d. An indiscriminate generalization is justifiable in this case
e. The faces of the villains are neve smiling
3. The author feels that an indiscriminate generalization of the
phenomenon
a. Would brand all people with smiling faces as villains
b. Would do justice to the children who are guilty
c. May lead good people to involve in ill actions
d. Would prevent villains from committing ill acts
e. Should be done in all cases except children and flowers
4. Which of the following is most nearly the same in meaning as the
word DISGUISES, as used in the sentence?
a. Reflects b. proves c. Conceals d. Reveals e. Discloses
5. Which of the following is most opposite of the word
INDISCRIMINATE as used in the sentence?
a. Promiscuous b. Selective c. Undistinguished d. Broad
e. Conspicuous
Short passage 21
A man of disarming candour and unexpected wit delivered in those
unmistakable Rameshwaram cadences, Kalam Saheb and his team epitomize
perseverance and pride in things Indian when it is no longer the flavour of
the times. His stewardship of the Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP) and the vision that underpins it could well define the
kind of profile the nation is likely to acquire in the global comity in the next
century.
1. It is no longer the flavour of the times means’ in this context.
a. A picture of the food habits of the modern people
b. A picture of the habits of the youth of modern India
c. An idea of the habits and likings of modern Indians
d. A picture of the true Indian
2. The vision in this passage stands for
a. Kalam’s stewardship
b. Target of IGMDP
c. The dream of the global comity
d. The picture of the next century
3. The passage reveals that perseverance
a. Has always been in Indian character
b. Was a trait of Indian character earlier
c. Is a trait of Indian character now
d. Has never been a trait of Indian character
Short passage 22
The current political turmoil in India is more or less synonymous with the
tumoil in Hindu society arising out of conflicting global ideologies and the
obsolescence of the Manu code of behaviour for Hindus. Hinduism owed its
survival not only to the phenomenon of enlightened gurus and seers over the
centuries- from Adi Shankara and Ramanuja to Ramakrishna Paramhanasa;
Vivekananda and Maharshi Ramana-but also because
Hindu society was quick to adjust itself to the changing times and people
and believed in assimilation and absorption rather than exclusivists faith.
1. The passage hints a similarity
a. Between Vivekanand And Ramakrishna
b. Between Hinduism and current political crises
c. Between current political crisis and the turmoil in Hindu society
d. Global ideologies and obsolescence of the Manu code
2. Hinduism survived
a. Only because of enlightened gurus
b. Only because of its quality to adjust itself to the changing times
c. Only because of its assimilative quality
d. Because it has synthesized its assimilative absorbing quality
with the enlightenment of its thinkers over a long time
3. The passage suggests that
a. The enlightened gurus have done harm to Hinduism
b. The current political turmoil in India is the consequence of
Guru’s teachings
c. The obsolescence of the Manu code of behaviour has come in
conflict with global ideologies
d. Hinduism is the cause of current political turmoil
Short passage 23
Following chaotic scenes in the Lok Sabha-with a clamorous Congress
sticking to its demands for dropping the DMK from the UF and DMK
responding by calling for a debate on the Thakkar commission’s
controversial findings-an anguished Speaker P.A. Sangma had little option
but to adjourn the House sine die: With Parliament having been put into cold
storage, the politics of durbar manoeuvring-at which the Congress, in
particular, is a pastmaster- will inevitably Coe to the fore. While wheeling
dealing will be the order of the day, when the onus shifts to Rashtrapati
Bhavan, the President assuredly will exercise his prerogative in the best
interest of the country.
1. The passage expresses the fear that
a. The politics of wheeling-dealing will prevail
b. The politics of manoeuvring will come to an end
c. The President may not work in the interest of the people
d. The Speaker’s act might have been prompted by ordinary
factors
2. The passage suggests that
a. Congress was very weak in political strategy
b. Congress was pastmaster in politics of manoeuvring
c. P.A. Sangma had many options
d. The President will have no choice
3. The author is of the oinion
a. That Congress party has behaved very well
b. That P.A. Sangma has done what many would have done
c. That the President will use discretion
d. That DMK should have been dropped
PART 2
SHORT PASSAGE (1
TO 18)
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 E 5 B
6 E 7 B 8 B 9 E 10 A
11 C 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 C
16 C 17 C 18 A
SP 19
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 E 5 A
SP 20
1 A 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 B
SP 21
1 C 2 C 3 B
SP 22
1 C 2 D 3 C
SP 23
1 A 2 B 3 C
Chapter 12
Passage 1
One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a
twofold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period
there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for
production are created. More businesses are created and older ones
expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made there is an ever-
increasing optimism about the future of economic growth. Much capital is
invested in machinery or “heavy” industry. More labor is employed. More
raw materials are required. As one part of the economy develops, other parts
are effected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an
expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roads are required; thus
the cement and machinery industries are stimulated. Demand for labor and
materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw
materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power ad the volume
of goods bought and sold. Thus prosperity is diffused among the various
segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and
rise without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase
reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion
phase.
1. Which of the following statements is the best example of the
optimism mentioned in line 4 of the passage as being part of the
expansion phase?
a. Public funds are designated for the construction of new
highways designed to stimulate tourism.
b. Industrial firms allocate monies for the purchase of machine
tools.
c. The prices of agricultural commodities are increased at the
producer level.
d. Full employment is achieved at all levels of the economy.
e. As technology advances, innovative businesses replace
antiquated firms
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that
a. When consumers lose their confidence in the market, a
recession follows
b. Cyclical ends to business expansion are normal
c. Luxury goods such as jewelry are unaffected by industrial
expansion
d. With sound economic policies, prosperity can become a fixed
pattern
e. The creation of new products is essential for prosperity
3. Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin
the paragraph immediately following the passage?
a. Union demands may also have an effect on business cycles.
b. Some industries are, by their very nature, cyclical, having
regular phases of expansion and recession.
c. Inflation is a factor that must be taken into consideration in any
discussion of the expansion phase.
d. The fanner’s role during the expansion phase is of vital
importance.
e. The other phase of the business cycle is called the recession
phase
Passage 2
The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time. Development
was retarded, how-ever, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change
that occurred in the oldest Paleocene. This led in Eocene time to increase in
average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different
modes of life. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with
appearance of some new lines and extinction of others. Miocene and
Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued
approach toward modern characters. The peak of (his career of mammals in
variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene. The adaptation
of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that of the reptiles
in Mesozoic time, and except for greater intelligence, the mammals do not
seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms. The bat
is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur, but the dolphin and
and whale are hardly more fish like than the ichthyosaur. Many swift-
running mammals of the plains, like the horse and the antelope, must excel
any of the dinosaurs. The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful
carnivore than any flesh eating mammal, but the lion or tiger is probably a
more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain. The
significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals
gradually fitted themselves for all sorts of life, grazing on the plains and able
to run swiftly (horse, deer), living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus,
beaver), dwelling in trees (sloth, monkey), digging underground (mole,
rodent), feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and on the plain (wolf),
swimming in the sea (dolphin, whale, seal), and flying in the air (bat). Man
is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt
himself to almost any set of conditions. This adaptation produces gradual
changes of from and structure. It is biologically characteristic of the
youthful, plastic stage of a group. Early in its career, an animal assemblage
seems to possess capacity for change, which, as the unit becomes old and
fixed, disappear the generalized types of organisms retain longest the ability
to make adjustments when required, and it is from them that new, fecund
stocks take origin-certainly not from any specialized end products. So, in the
mammals, we witness the birth, plastic spread in many directions, increasing
specialization, and in some branches, the extinction, which we have learned
from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the
evolution of life.
4. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the
passage?
a. From Dinosaur to Man
b. Adaptation and Extinction
c. The Superiority of Mammals
d. The Geologic Life Span
e. Man, Conqueror of the Physical World
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the chronological order of
the geologic periods is
a. Paleocene, Miocene, Triassic, Mesozoic
b. Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic, Miocene
c. Miocene, Paleocene, Triassic, Mesozoic
d. Mesozoic, Oligocene, Paleocene, Miocene
e. Mesozoic, Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene
6. It can be inferred from the passage that the pterosaur
a. Resembled the bat
b. Was a Mesozoic mammal
c. Was a flying reptile
d. Lived in the sea
e. Evolved during the Miocene period
7. According to the passage, the greatest number of forms of
mammalian life is found in the
a. Triassic period
b. Eocene period
c. Oligocene epoch
d. Pliocene period
e. Miocene period
8. Which of the following statements, if true, would weaken the
statement made by the author in lines 7-9?
a. Trynnosaur has been found to have a larger brain than was
previously thought.
b. Mammals will become extinct within the next thousand years.
c. Forms of flying ichthyosaurs have recently been discovered.
d. The tiger has now been proved to be more powerful than the
carnivorous reptiles.
e. Computers have been developed that can double human mental
capacity.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that the evidence the author
uses in discussing the life of past time periods
a. Was developed by Charles Darwin
b. Was uncovered by the author
c. Has been negated by more recent evidence
d. Was never definitely established
e. Is based on fossil remains
10. With which of the following proverbial expressions about human
existence would the author be most likely to agree?
a. It’s a cruel world.
b. All the world’s a stage
c. The more things change, the more they remain the same.
d. Footprints in the sands of time
e. A short life, but a merry one
Passage 3
For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical science, natural
sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological
sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the
sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge).
Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk shortly. In
the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the
purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is
intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is
that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world
existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world
and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn’t be man. The technical
aspects of applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are
of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as
man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the
primacy ad autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its
practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not
the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part
unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well
known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to
the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion
that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries
later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of
electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of
mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical
technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.
Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit
cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for
practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not
been sought disinterestedly.
11. the author points out that the Greeks who studied conic sections
a. invented modern mathematical applications
b. were interested in navigation
c. were unaware of the value of their studies
d. worked with electricity
e. were forced to resign themselves to failure
12. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
a. technical progress
b. A Little Learning Is a Dangerous Thing
c. Man’s Distinguishing Characteristics
d. Learning for Its Own Sake
e. The Difference Between Science and Philosophy
13. It can be inferred from the passage that to the author man’s need to
know is chiefly important in that it
a. Allow the human race to progress technically
b. Encompasses both the physical and social sciences
c. Demonstrates human vulnerability
d. Defines man’s essential humanity
e. Has increased as our knowledge of the world has grown
Passage 4
When you first saw a piece of African art, it impressed you as a unit; you did
not see it as a collection of shapes or forms. This, of course, means that the
shapes and volumes within the sculpture itself were coordinated so
successfully that the viewer was affected emotionally. It is entirely valid to
ask how, from a purely artistic point of view, this unity was achieved. And
we must also inquire whether there is a recurrent pattern or rules or a plastic
language and vocabulary which is responsible for the powerful
communication of emotion which the best African sculpture achieves. If
there is such a pattern or rules, are these rules applied consciously or
instinctively to obtain so many works of such high artistic quality? It is
obvious from the study of art history that an intense and unified emotional
experience, such as the Christian credo of the Byzatine or 12th or 13th century
Europe, when expressed in art forms, gave great unity, coherence, and power
to art. But such an integrated feeling was only the inspirational element for
the artist, only the starting point of the creative act. The expression of this
eotion and its realization in the work could be done only with disciplined
and thorough knowledge of the craft. And the African sculptor was a highly
trained workman. He started his apprenticeship with a master when a child,
ad he learned the tribal styles and the use of tools and the nature of woods so
thoroughly that his carving became what Boas calls “motor action”. He
carved automatically and instinctively. The African carver followed his rules
without thinking of them; indeed, they never seem to have been formulated
in words. But such rules existed, for accident ad coincidence cannot explain
the common plastic language of African sculpture. There is too great a
consistency from one work to another. Yet, although the African, with
amazing insight into art, used these rules, I am certain that he was not
conscious of them. This is the great mystery of such a traditional art: talent,
or the ability certain people have, without conscious effort, to follow the
rules which later the analyst can discover only from the work of art which
has already been created.
14. The author is primarily concerned with
a. Discussing how African sculptors achieved their effects
b. Listing the rules followed in African art
c. Relating African art to the art of 12th or 13th century Europe
d. Integrating emotion and realization
e. Expressing the beauty of African art
15. According to the passage, one of the outstanding features of
African sculpture is
a. Its esoteric subject matter
b. The emotional content of the work
c. The education or training of the artists
d. Its “foreignness” when compared to Western art
e. Its high degree of conscious control
16. The author uses the phrase “plastic language” in lines 4-5 and 16-
17 to refer to African art’s
a. Mass reproduction
b. Unrealistic qualities
c. Modernistic orientation
d. Sculptural symbols
e. Repetitive nature
17. The information in the passage suggests that an African carver
might best be compared to a
a. Chef following a recipe
b. Fluent speaker of English who is just beginning to study French
c. Batter who hits a homerun in his or her first baseball game
d. Concert pianist performing a well-rehearsed concerto
e. Writer who is grammatically expert but stylistically uncreative
18. Which of the following does the passage imply about art?
a. Content is more important than form
b. There is no room for untrained artists
c. From is more important then content
d. Western artists are too concerned with technique
e. Great art must be consistent
19. The author’s presentation of the material includes all of the
following EXCEPT
a. Comparison
b. Cause and effect
c. Rhetorical questioning
d. Direct quotation
e. Concrete example
20. Which of the following titles best expresses the content of the
passage?
a. The apprenticeship of the African Sculptor
b. The History of African Sculpture
c. How African Art Achieves Unity
d. Analyzing African Art
e. The Unconscious Rules of African Art
Passage 5
Both plants and animals of many sorts show remarkable changes in form,
structure, growth habits, and even mode of reproduction in becoming
adapted to different climatic environment, types of food supply, or mode of
living. This divergence in response to evolution is commonly expressed by
altering the form and function of some part or parts of the organism, the
original identity of which is clearly discernible. For example, the creeping
foot of the snail is seen in related marine pteropods to be modified into a
flapping organ useful for swimming, and is changed into prehensile arms
that bear suctorial disks in the squids and other cephalopods. The limbs of
various mammals are modified according to several different modes of life
for swift running (cursorial) as in the horse and antelope, for swinging in
trees (arboreal) as in the monkeys, for digging (fossorial) as in the moles and
gophers, for flying (Volant) as in the bats, for swimming (aquatic) as in the
seals, whales and dolphins, and for other adaptations. The structures or
organs that show main change in connection with this adaptive divergence
are commonly identified readily as homologous, in spite of great alterations.
Thus, the finger and wrist bones of a bat and whale, for instance, have
virtually nothing in common except that they are definitely equivalent
elements of the mammalian limb.
21. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the
passage, based on its content?
a. Adaptive Divergence
b. Evolution
c. Unusual structures
d. Changes in organs
e. Our changing bodies
22. The author provides information that would answer which of the
following questions?
I. What factors cause change in organisms?
II. What is the theory of evolution?
III. How are horses’ legs related to seals’ flippers?
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. I and III only
e. I, II and III
23. Which of the following word could best he substituted for
“homologous” (line 11+12) without substantially changing the
author’s meaning?
a. Altered
b. Mammalian
c. Corresponding
d. Divergent
e. Tactile
24. The author’s style can best be described as
a. Humorous
b. Objective
c. Patronizing
d. Esoteric
e. Archaic
Passage 6
Plato-who may have understood better what forms the mind of man than do
some of our cotemporaries who want their children exposed only to “real”
people and everyday events-knew what intellectual experiences make for
true humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic
begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere
facts or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason,
said: “The friend of wisdom is also friend of myth”.
Modern thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a
philosophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion,
regardless of their original persuasion. Mircea Eliade, for one, describes
these stories as “models for human behavior [that], by that very fact, give
meaning and value to life.” Drawing on anthropological parallels, he and
others suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived form, or give
symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of passage-such as metaphoric
death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher plane of
existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and
are carriers of such deep meaning.
Other investigators with a depth psychological orientation emphasize the
similarities between the fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in
adult dreams and daydreams – the fulfillment of wishes, the winning out
over all competitors, the destruction of enemies – and conclude that one
attraction of this literature is its expression of that which is normally
prevented from coming to awareness.
There are, of course, very significant differences between fairy tales and
dreams. For example, in dreams more often than not the wish fulfillment is
disguised, while in fairy tales much of it is openly expressed. To a
considerable degree, dreams are the result of inner pressures which have
found no relief, of problem which beset a person to which he knows no
solution and to which the dream finds none. The fairy tale does the opposite:
it projects the relief of all pressures and not only offers ways to solve
problems but promises that a “happy” solution will he found.
We cannot control what goes on in our dreams.
Although our inner censorship influences what we may dream, such control
occurs on an unconscious level. The fairy tale, on the other hand, is very
much the result of common conscious, and unconscious opntent haying been
shaped by the conscious mind, not of one particular person, but the
consensus of many in regard to what they view as universal human
problems, and what they accept as desirable solutions. If all these elements
were not present in a fairy tale, it would not be retold by generation after
generation. Only if a fairy tale met the conscious and unconscious
requirements of many people was it repeatedly retold, and listened to with
great interest. No dream of a person could arouse such persistent interest
unless it was worked into a myth, as was the story of the pharaoh’s dream as
interpreted by Joseph in the Bible.
25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s interest in fairy
tales centers chiefly on their
a. Literary qualities
b. Historical background
c. Factual accuracy
d. Psychological relevance
e. Ethical weakness
26. According to the passage, fairy tales fifer form dreams in which of
the following characteristics?
I. The communal nature of their creation
II. Their convention of a happy ending
III. Their enduring general appeal
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and II only
d. II and III only
e. I, II and III
27. It can be inferred from the passage that Mircea Eliade is most
likely
a. A writer of children’s literature
b. A student of physical anthropology
c. A 20th century philosopher
d. An advocate of practical education
e. A contemporary of Plato
28. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward
fairy tales?
a. Reluctant fascination
b. Wary skepticism
c. Scornful disapprobation
d. Indulgent tolerance
e. Open approval
29. The author quotes Plato and Aristotle primarily in order to
a. Define the nature of myth
b. Contrast their opposing points of view
c. Support the point that myths are valuable
d. Prove that myths originated in ancient times
e. Give an example of depth psychology
30. The author mentions all of the following as reason for reading fairy
tales EXCEPT
a. Emotional calharsit
b. Behavioral paradigm
c. Uniqueness of experience
d. Sublimation of aggression
e. Symbolic satisfaction
Passage 7
The stability that had marked the Iroquois Confederacy’s generally pro-
British position was shattered with the overthrow of James II in 1688, the
colonial uprising that followed in Massachusetts, New York, and Mary-land,
and the commence Trent of King William’s War against Louis XIV of
France. The increasing French threat to English hegemony in the interior of
North America was signalized by French-led or French-inspired attacks on
the Iroquois and on outlying colonial settlements in New York and New
England. The high point of the Iroquois response was the spectacular raid of
August 5, 1689, in which the Iroquois virtually wiped out the French village
of Lachine, just outside Montreal, A counterraid by the French on the
English village of Schenectady in March, 1690, instilled an appropriate
measure of fear among the English and their Iroquois allies.
The Iroquois position at the end of the war, which was formalized by treaties
made during the summer of 1701 with the British and the French, and which
was maintained throughout most of the 18th century, was one of “aggressive
neutrality” between the 2 competing European powers. Under the new
system the Iroquois initiated a peace policy toward the “far Indians,”
tightened their control over the nearby tribes, and induced both English and
French to support their neutrality toward the European powers by
appropriate gifts and concessions.
By holding the balance of power in the sparsely settled borderlands between
English and French settlements, and by their willingness to use their power
against one or the other nation if not appropriately treated, the Iroquois
played the game of European power politics with effectiveness. The system
broke down, however, after the French became convinced that the Iroquois
were compromising the system in favor of the English and launched a full-
scale attempt to establish French physical and juridical presence in the Ohio
Valley, the heart of the borderlands long claimed by the Iroquois. As a
consequence of the ensuring Great War for Empire, in which Iroquois
neutrality was dissolved and European influence moved closer, the play-off
system lost its efficacy and system of direct bargaining supplanted it.
31. The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to
a. Denounce the imperialistic policies of the French
b. Disprove the charges of barbarism made against the Iroquois
c. Expose the French government’s exploitation of the Iroquois
balance of power
d. Describe and assess the effect of European military power o
Iroquois policy
e. Show the inability of the Iroquois to engage in European style
diplomacy
32. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward
the Iroquois leadership can best be described as one of
a. Suspicion of their motives
b. Respect for their competence
c. Indifference to their fate
d. Dislike of their savagery
e. Pride in their heritage
33. With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST
likely to agree?
a. the Iroquois were able, to respond effectively to French acts of
aggression.
b. James II’s removal from the throne caused dissension to break
out among the colonies.
c. The French begrudged the British their alleged high standing
among the Iroquois
d. Iroquois negotiations involved playing one side against the
other.
e. The Iroquois ceased to hold the balance of power early in the
th
18 century.
34. The author attributes such success as the Iroquois policy of aggressive
neutrality had to
a. The readiness of the Iroquois to fight either side
b. their ties of loyalty to the British
c. French physical presence in the borderlands
d. The confusion of the European forces
e. European reliance on formal treaties
Passage 8
Of the 197 million square miles making up the surface of the globe, 71% is
covered by the interconnecting bodies of marine water; the Pacific Ocean
alone covers half the Earth and averages nearly 14,000 feet in depth. The
continents- Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and
Antarctica – are the portions of the continental masses rising above sea level.
The sub – merged borders of the continental masses are the continental
shelves, beyond which lie the deep – sea basins.
The oceans attain their greatest depths not in their central parts, but in
certain elongated furrows, or long narrow troughs, called deeps. These
profound troughs have a peripheral arrangement, notably around the borders
of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The position of the deeps near the
continental masses suggests that the deeps, like the highest mountains, are of
recent origin, since otherwise they would have been filled with waste from
the lands. This suggestion is strengthened by the fact that the deeps are –
frequently the sites of world – shaking earthquakes. For example, the “tidal
wave” that in April 1946 caused widespread destruction along Pacific coasts
resulted from a strong earthquake on the floor of the Aleutian Deep.
The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known, since in great
areas the available soundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart.
However, the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result
of special surveys since 1920. A broad, well-defined ridge – the Mid-
Atlantic ridge – runs north and south between Africa and the 2 Americas,
and numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor. Closely
spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are as rugged
as mountainous regions of the continents. Use of the recently perfected
method of echo sounding is rapidly enlarging our knowledge of submarine
topography. During World War II great Strides were made in mapping
submarine surfaces, particularly in many parts of the vast Pacific basin.
The continents stand on the average 2870 feet – slightly more than half a
mile – above sea level. North America averages 2300 ft.; Europe averages
only 1150ft.; and Asia, the highest of the larger continental sub-divisions,
averages 3200ft. The highest point on the globe, Mount Everest in the
Himalayas, is 29000ft. above the sea; and as the greatest known depth in the
sea is over 35000 ft. the maximum relief (that is, the difference in altitude
between the lowest and highest points) exceeds 64000 ft., or exceeds 12
miles. The continental masses and the deep-sea basins are relief features of
the first order; the deeps, ridges, and volcanic cones that diversify the sea
floor, as well as the plains, plateaus, and mountains of the continents, are
relief features of the second order. The lands are unendingly subject to a
complex of activities summarized in the term erosion, which first sculptures
them in great detail and then tends to reduce them ultimately to sea level.
The modeling of the landscape by weather, running water, and other agents
is apparent to the keenly observant eye and causes thinking people to
speculate on what must be the final result of the ceaseless wearing down of
the lands. Long before there was a science of geology, Shakespeare wrote
“the revolution of the times makes mountains level.”
35. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the
passage?
i. Features of the Earth’s surfaces
ii. Marine Topography
iii. The Causes of Earthquakes
iv. Primary Geologic Considerations
v. How to Prevent Erosion
36. It can be inferred from the passage that the largest ocean is the
i. Atlantic
ii. Pacific
iii. Indian
iv. Antarctic
v. Arctic
37. The “revolution of the times” as used in the final sentence means
i. The passage of years
ii. The current rebellion
iii. The science of geology
iv. The action of the ocean floor
v. The overthrow of natural forces
38. According to the passage, the peripheral furrows or deeps are
found
a. Only in the Pacific and Indian oceans
b. Near earthquakes
c. Near the shore
d. In the center of the ocean
e. To be 14000 ft. in depth in the Pacific
39. The passage contains information that world answer which of the
following questions?
a. What is the highest point on North America?
b. Which continental subdivision is, on the average, 1150 ft.
above sea level?
c. How deep is the deepest part of the ocean?
i. I only
ii. II only
iii. III only
iv. I and II only
v. II and III only
40. From this passage, it can be inferred that earthquakes
a. Occur only in the peripheral furrows
b. Occur more frequently in newly formed land or sea formations
c. Are a prime cause of soil erosion
d. Will ultimately “make mountains level”
e. Are caused by the weight of the water
Passage 9
An essay which appeals chiefly to the intellect is Francis Bacon’s “Of
Studies”. His careful tripartite division of studies expressed succinctly in
aphoristic pose demands the complete attention of the mind of the reader. He
considers studies as they should be; for pleasure, for self-improvement, for
business. He considers the evils of excess study: laziness, affectation, and
preciosity. Bacon divides books into 3 categories: those to be read in part,
those to be read cursorily, and those to be read with care. Studies should
include reading, which gives depth; speaking, which adds readiness of
thought; and writing, which trains in preciseness. Somewhat mistakenly, the
author ascribes certain virtues to individual fields of study: wisdom to
history, wit to poetry, subtlety to mathematics, and depth to natural
philosophy. Bacon’s four-hundred-word essay, studded with Latin phrases
and highly compressed in thought, has intellectual appeal indeed.
41. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the
passage, based on its content?
a. Francis Bacon and the Appeal of the Essay
b. “Of Studies”: A Tripartite Division
c. An Intellectual Exercise: Francis Bacon’s Of Studies”
d. The Categorization of Books According to Bacon
e. A Method for Reading Books
42. Which of the following words could best be substituted for
“aphoristic” (lines 1-2) without substantially changing the author’s
meaning?
a. Abstruse
b. Pithy
c. Tripartite
d. Proverbial
e. Realistic
43. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree
with which of the following statements?
a. “Of Studies” belongs in the category of works that demand to
be read with care.
b. Scholars’ personalities are shaped by the academic discipline in
which they are engaged.
c. It is an affectation to use foreign words in one’s writing.
d. An author can be more persuasive in a long work than in a
shorter one.
e. Studies should be undertaken without thought of personal gain.
Passage 10
Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called
igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks
because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and
metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crust,
but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of
sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the
following characteristics: (1) they contain no foddils ; (2) they have no
regular arrangement of layers; (3) they are nearly always made up of
crystals.
Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived form
the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains
of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted
according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand and clay
build up as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These
sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent.
Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.
When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them
chang to indicate the chang in physical state. Thus, small stone and gravel
cemented together are known as conglomerates: cemented send becomes
sandstone; and hardened clay become shale. In addition to these, other
sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result form the deposition of
dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic
substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.
Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, and
solution or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks
tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For
example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into gneiss or
schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure
may become marble a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes
slate.
44. The primary purpose of the passage is to
a. Differentiate between and characterize igneous and sedimentary
rocks
b. Explain the factors that may cause rocks to change in form
c. Show how the scientific names of rocks reflect the rocks’
composition
d. Define and describe several diverse kinds of rocks
e. Explain why rocks are basic parts of the earth’s structure
45. All of the following are sedimentary rocks EXCEPT
a. Shale b. gravel c. sand d. limestone e. schist
46. The passage would be most likely to appear in a
a. Technical article for geologists
b. Teaching manual accompanying an earth science text
c. Pamphlet promoting conservation of natural resources
d. Newspaper feature explaining how oil is found
e. Nonfiction book explaining where to find the results of
sedimentation
47. The relationship between igneous and sedimentary rocks may best
be compared to the relationship between
a. Leaves and compost
b. Water and land
c. DNA and heredity
d. Nucleus and cell wall
e. Sand and clay
48. The passage contains information that would answer which of the
following questions?
i. I only
ii. III only
iii. I and II only
iv. II and III only
v. I, II and III
a. I only
b. III only
c. I and II only
d. II and III only
e. I, II, and III
49. Which of the following methods is NOT used by the author?
a. Inclusion of concrete examples
b. Classification and discussion
c. Comparison and contrast
d. Observation and hypothesis
e. Cause and effect
50. The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as
a. Meditative
b. Objective
c. Ironic
d. Concerned
e. Bombastic
CHAPTE
R 12
PART 1
1 B 21 A 41 C
2 B 22 D 42 B
3 E 23 C 43 A
4 B 24 B 44 D
5 E 25 D 45 E
6 C 26 E 46 B
7 E 27 C 47 A
8 A 28 E 48 B
9 E 29 C 49 D
10 D 30 C 50 B
11 C 31 D
12 D 32 B
13 D 33 E
14 A 34 A
15 B 35 A
16 D 36 B
17 D 37 A
18 C 38 C
19 E 39 E
20 E 40 B
Chapter-12
Passage – 1
Although vocal cords are lacking in cetaceans, phonation is undoubtedly
centered in the larynx.
The toothed whales or odontocetes (sperm whale and porpoises)are
much more vociferous than the whalebone whales, or mysticetes. In
this country observers have recorded only occasional sounds from two
species of mysticetes (the humpback and right whale). A Russian
cetologist reports hearing sounds from at least five species of
whalebone whales but gives no details of the circumstances or
descriptions of the sounds themselves. Although comparison of the
sound-producing apparatus in the two whale groups cannot yet be
made, it is interesting to note that the auditory centers of the brain are
much more highly developed in the odonotocetes than in the
mysticetes, in fact, to a degree unsurpassed by any other mammalian
group
1. The passage contains information that would answer which of the
following questions?
I. What are odontocetes and mysticetes?
II. In which part of the body do whales produce sounds?
III. In which animals is the auditory center of the brain most
developed?
a. I only b. II only c. I and II only d. II and III only e. I,
II, and III
Passage 9
Not a few of Jane Austen’s personal acquaintances might have echoed Sir
Samuel Egerton Brydges, who noticed that “she was air and handsome,
slight and elegant, but with cheeks a little too full,” while “never
suspect[ing] she was an authoress.” For this novelist whose personal
obscurity was more complete than that of any other famous writer was
always quick to insist either on complete anonymity or on the propriety of
her limited craft, her delight in delineating just “3 or 4 Families in a country
Village.” With her self-deprecatory remarks about her inability to join
“strong manly, spirited sketches, full of Variety and Glow” with her “little
bit (2 inches wide) of Ivory,” Jane Austen perpetuated the belief among her
friends that her art was just an accomplishment “by a lady,” if anything
“rather too light and bright and sparkling.” In this respect she resembled one
of her favorite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have
“glid[ed] through the world unknown” than been “suspected of literary airs –
to shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex,
and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other –
my dear, I would sooner exhibit as a ropedancer.”
Yet, decorous though they might first seem, Austen’s self-effacing
anonymity and her modest description of her miniaturist art also imply a
criticism, even a rejection, of the world at large. For as Gaston Bachelard
explains, the miniature “allows us to be world conscious at slight risk.”
While the creators of satirically conceived diminutive landscapes seem to se
everything as small because they are themselves so grand, Austen’s analogy
for her art – her “little bit (2 inches wide) of Ivory” – suggests a fragility that
reminds us of the risk and instability outside the fictional space. Besides
seeing her art metaphorically, as her critics would too, in relation to female
arts severely devalued until quite recently (for painting on ivory was
traditionally a “ladylike” occupation), Austen attempted through self-
imposed novelistic limitations to define a secure place, even as she seemed
to admit the impossibility of actually inhabiting such a small space with any
degree of comfort. And always, for Austen, it is women- because they are
too vulnerable I the world at large – who must acquiesce in their own
confinement, no matter how stifling it may be.
41.The passage focuses primarily on
a. Jane Austen’s place in English literature
b. The literary denigration of female novelists
c. The implications of Austen’s attitude to her work
d. Critical evaluations of the novels of Jane Austen
e. Social rejection of professional women in the 18th and 19th
centuries
42. According to the passage, Austen concentrated on a limited range
of subjects because
a. She had a limited degree of experience of fiction
b. Her imagination was incapable of creating other worlds
c. Women in her time were prohibited from writing about
significant topics
d. She wanted to create a safe niche for the exercise of her talents
e. She did not wish to be acknowledged as an author
43. Which of the following best expresses the relationship of the first
sentence to the rest of the passage?
a. Specific instance followed by generalizations
b. Assertion followed by analysis
c. Objective statement followed by personal opinion
d. Quotation from an authority followed by conflicting views
e. Challenge followed by debate
Passage 10
The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical
elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere
under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up
about 21% and nitrogen about 78%. Several other gases, such as argon,
carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton, and xenon, comprise the
remaining 1% of the volume of dry air. The amount of water vapor, and its
variation in amount and distribution, are of extraordinary importance in
weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of
dust, pollen, smoke, and other impurities which are always present in
considerable, but variable amounts.
The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it
becomes imperceptible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the
first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was
also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent
studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth
satellites and missile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect.
The atmosphere has 3 well-defined strata.
The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about 10
miles, is known as the troposphere. On the whole, it makes up about 75% of
all the weight of the atmosphere. It is the warmest part of the atmosphere
because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth’s surface, which
warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature
with increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers
are colder because of their greater distance from the earth’s surface and
rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere
oecrease about 3.5 degrees per 1000-foot increase in altitude. Within the
troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture.
Strong winds, called jet streams, are located at the upper levels of the
troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in
occurrence. They normally show a wave-shaped pattern and move from west
to east at velocities of 150mph, but velocities as high as 400 mph have been
noted. The influence of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon
weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive
research may eventually reveal their true significance.
Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the
stratosphere. The stratosphere is sepa-rated from the troposphere by a zone
of uniform temperatures called the tropopuse. Within the lower portions of
the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filters out most of the
ultraviolet rays from the sun. The ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this
zone were not there, the full blast of the sun’s ultraviolet light would bum
our skins, blind our eyes, and eventually result in our destruction. Within the
stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively
uniform. The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the
least known of these 3 strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists,
of electrically charged particles called ions, thrown from the sun. the
northern lights (aurora borealis) originate within this highly charged portion
of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet
unknown.
44. Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the
passage?
a. New methods for calculating the Composition of the
Atmosphere
b. New evidence concerning the Stratification of the Atmosphere
c. The Atmosphere: Its Nature and Importance to Our Weather
d. The Underlying Causes of Atmospheric Turbulence
e. Stratosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere: 3 Similar Zones
45. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the
following question?
i. How do the troposphere and the stratosphere differ?
ii. How does the ionosphere affect the weather?
iii. How do earth satellites study the atmosphere?
a. I only b. III only c. I and II only d. I and III only
e. I, II and III only
46. According to the passage, life as we know it exists on the earth
because the atmosphere
a. contains a layer of ozone gases
b. contains electrically charged paricles
c. is warmest at the bottom
d. carries the ultraviolet rays of the sun
e. provides the changes in weather
47. It can be inferred from the passage that a jet plane will usually have its
best average rate of speed on its run from
a. New York to San Francisco
b. Los Angeles to New York
c. Boston to Miami
d. Bermuda to New York
e. London to Washington, D.C.
48. It can be inferred from the Passage that at the top of Jungfrau which is
12000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is
usually
a. below freezing
b. about 42 degrees colder than on the ground
c. wanner than in Interlaken
d. affected by the ionosphere
e. about 75 degrees colder than in Interlaken
49. The passage states that the troposphere is the warmest part of the
atmosphere because it
a. is closest to the sun
b. contains electrically charged parties
c. radiates heat into space
d. has winds and air current that distribute the heat
e. is warmed by the earth’s heat
50. According to the passage, the atmosphere consists of all of the
following EXCEPT
a. 21% oxygen
b. a definite amount of water vapor
c. ten permanent elements
d. less than 1% percent of xenon
e. considerable waste products
PART 2
1 C 21 A 41 C
2 D 22 D 42 D
3 A 23 A 43 B
4 C 24 B 44 C
5 C 25 D 45 A
6 A 26 C 46 A
7 B 27 B 47 B
8 D 28 E 48 B
9 B 29 B 49 E
10 E 30 A 50 B
11 B 31 D
12 E 32 D
13 D 33 A
14 C 34 D
15 A 35 B
16 B 36 B
17 E 37 D
18 D 38 C
19 B 39 D
20 C 40 A