Contents

A Note from the Authors vii

About the Book ix

1. Basic Principles 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Fluid Analysis 1
1.3 Physical Properties 1
1.4 Flash Calculations 19
1.5 Use of Computer Programs for Flash Calculations 23
1.6 Approximate Flash Calculations 24
1.7 Other Properties 25
1.8 Phase Equilibrium 26

2. Process Selection 31
2.1 Introduction to Field Facilities 31
2.2 Controlling the Process 33
2.3 Reservoir Fluid Characteristics 37
2.4 Basic System Configuration 37
2.5 Well Testing 58
2.6 Gas Lift 59
2.7 Offshore Platform Considerations 62
3. Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Separators 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Functional Sections of a Gas–Liquid Separator 70
3.3 Equipment Description 72
3.4 Selection Considerations 82
3.5 Vessel Internals 84
3.6 Potential Operating Problems 104
3.7 Design Theory 109
3.8 Separator Design 114
Nomenclature 129
4. Three-Phase Oil and Water Separators 131
4.1 Introduction 131
4.2 Equipment Description 133
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4.3 Vertical Separators 141

4.4 Selection Considerations 144
4.5 Vessel Internals 146
4.6 Potential Operating Problems 147
4.7 Design Theory 147
4.8 Separator Design 151
4.9 Separating Oil Droplets from Water Phase 154
4.10 Vertical Separator’s Sizing 160
Nomenclature 173

5. Mechanical Design of Pressure Vessels 175

5.1 Introduction 175
5.2 Design Considerations 176
5.3 Inspection Procedures 185
5.4 Estimating Vessel Weights 186
5.5 Specification and Design of Pressure Vessels 189
5.6 Pressure Relief Devices 200
5.7 Corrosion Protection 200

Glossary of Terms 205

Index 219