Column Pressure Relief © 2005 AspenTech ~ Al Rights reserved, 81017.04.05, Documentcar eer Workshop ‘This model illustrates the application of the pressure relief unit operation on a column, ‘Under normal operating conditions the overhead from the DePropanizer column is condensed in an Air Cooler, collected in an Accumulator and pumped back to the column (full reflux). The normal operating pressure on the Column Top tray and the Accumulator are 2000 kPa (290 psia) and 1900 kPa (275 psia) respectively. A Pressure Relief Valve for the Column will be added and configured to start opening when the Top stage pressure reaches 2205 kPa (320 psia) and fully open at 2275 kPa (330 psia), Learning Objectives Afler completing this section, you will be able to install a relief valve.reurdeaj90, MAIA2AQ SS8901q [Ieeae ay Reet Valve lean Make sure that your Pressure Flow Specticaions are correct. Building the Simulation The Relief Valve operation is used in many situations in which there has been excess pressure build up. Although itis available in Steady State mode, its purpose is to avert situations that occur in a dynamie environment. ‘This module continues with the ease that was constructed in the previous module Adding the Relief Valve In this example, install a Relief Valve off the DePropanizer Colurnn Overhead 1. Open the ease from Module 7 2. Add a Relief Valve and enter the following information: nm v0 (ets) rae Bypass tae | out Tore Sat Pressure 2208 kPa (320 psi) Full Open Pressure 2275 KPa (380 psa) 3. On the Dynamics tab, Specs page of stream ToFlare, activate the Pressure Specification. The pressure of this stream should be atmospheric. 4. The Relief Valve requires a value for the Orifice Area to initialize. Go to the Sizing page of the Relief Valve Ratings tab and enter 1300 mm? (2 in’) Check the Dynamic Assistant to ensure that all necessary information is supplied. 6, Save the case as PreRelief.hse. Save your case!Corey cry ‘The easiest way to create an overpressure situation is to close the Propane Valve, This will cause a build up of propane in the system and the pressure will rise 1. On the FacePlate for the Aecumulator-PC change the mode to Man and set the OP t0 0 This immediately closes the valve, 2. Make sure that the Accumulator Pressure is shown on the active strip chart. You will want to monitor this variable as the simulation progresses. 3. Watch the Accumulator Pressure rise sharply and the relief valve open. The relief valve is shown as open on the PFD when a yellow outline appears around it Is the Relief Valve big enough to maintain the column pressure at the set relief pressure? Is it able 1 prevent the pressure from rising above the full open pressure? 4, Return the Accumulator-PC to Auto and set the SP to 2000 kPa (290 psia). How long does it take forthe system to run to its original operating condition? Save your caseeer Notes on the Relief Valve Operation Once the Valve has lifted, examine the Dynamies ~ Spees tab of the Relief Valve, On this page you will observe three parameters Delta Ez eee Valve Lit This value is calculated using one ofthe ‘wo flowing formulas: inte prassue is increasing: stream pressure et Pressure PFULL= Full Open Pressure inlet prossure is decreasing stream pressure PRESEAT = Reseting Pressure POLOSE = Closing Pressure Percentage Opn “The Valve Lift in percent Hysterysis Parameters Group When the Enable Valve Hysterysis check box is activated, the Hysterysis Parameters group box becomes visible, This group contains two fields: Closing Pressure | Proseure al which the valve bogine to clove after reaching the ful i pressure (Le. the value enterec inthe ful pressure cell onthe Parameters page of the Design ta). Reseating Pressure | The proseure al which the valve esoats aftr discharge,Column Prossure Relief Flow Through the Relief Valve ‘The mass flowrate through the relief valve varies depending on the vapour fraction and the pressure ratio across the valve. For two-phase flow, the flows are proportional to the vapour fraction and can be calculated separately and then combined for the total flow, Vapour Flow In Valve For gases and vapours, flow may be choked or non-choked. If the pressure ratio is greater than the critical, the flow will NOT be Choked: o where: P, = Upstream Pressure P, Jownstream Pressure K = Ratio of Specific Heats For Choked vapour flow, the mass flowrate is given by the following relationship: where: 1 Mass flow rate A= Relief valve orifice aca K.> Capacity corection factor for valve lift Ky= Coefficient of Discharge Kq= Back Pressure Coefficient n Specific Volume of the upstream fluidcar eer For non-Choked vapour flow, the mass flowrate is given by: K+ Py K Liquid Flow in Valve Liquid Flow through the valve is calculated using the following equation: L y = AK 2(P.-P,)p.° @ W = AK KK [2P,~ Pp 1) “) where: p,=Density of upstream fluid Ky = Viseosity correction factor Capacity Correction Factor (Ki) The Capacity Correction Factor for backpressure is typically linear with increasing backpressure. The correct value of the factor should be user-supplied. It may be obtained from the valve manufacturer, The capacity correction factor for valve Tift compensates for the conditions when the relief valve is not completely open, Inereasing-sensitivity valves have the following flow characteristics: 2 1/2 () {a+(-ae"}Column Prossure Relief Linear and decreasing-sensitivty valves have the following flow characteristics: 2 © L 172 (a+(1-a)2"] where: valve head differential a maximum flow o valve head differential at zero flow The valve head differential term allows for customizing of the flow characteristics With respect to stem travel. Its value ean range between 0 and 1rn