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Presented by:
Guided by: Sovan Misra
XxX CS-07-42
0701230147?
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

2|Page
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

à
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Certified that this is a bonafide record of the seminar entitled 


done by the following student ͞SOVAN MISRA͟ of the 7th semester, Computer
Science and Engineering in the year 2010 in partial fulfilment of the
requirements of the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer
Science and Engineering ofSynergy Institute Of Engineering And Technology,
Dhenkanal

!"! !"!

V
 
    
 

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

 
#

I thank my seminar guide XxX Jena, Lecturer, SIET, for her proper guidance, and

valuable suggestions. I am indebted to XxX, the HOD, Computer Science

department & other faculty members for giving me an opportunity to learn

and do this seminar. If not for the above mentioned people my seminar would

never have been completed successfully. I once again extend my sincere

thanks to all of them.



 $#

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

CONTENTS

¦ INTRODUCTION

¦ BRIEF HISTORY

¦ WHAT IS FOG SCREEN

¦ UNDER THE SURFACE

¦?

?
?
?
?

¦ HOW FOG MACHINE WORKS

¦ TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGED

¦ APPLICATION

¦ ADVANTAGES

¦ LIMITATIONS

¦ OPPERTUNITIES

¦ SUCCESS OF FOG SCREEN

¦? 
 ?

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

%
Fog Screen is breakthrough technology that allows
projection of high quality images in the air. It is currently
the only walk-through projection screen. You can literally
use the air as your user interface by touching only the air
with your bare hands. The screen is created by using a
suspended fog generating device with no frame around,
and works with video projectors. The fog they use is dry, so
it doesn͛t make you wet even if you stay under the Fog
Screen device for a long time. The fog is made of ordinary
water with no chemicals what soever. With two projectors,
you can project different images on both sides of the
screen. It is a display device which is the application of
computer graphics.

  

¦ Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

Finnish virtual reality researchers created the Fog Screen

to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real
life.

¦ Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology that

allows to project images and video onto a ë  & of ͞dry͟
' , creating the illusion that the images are floating in
midair

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It was invented by two Finnish virtual reality researchers

Fog Screen, which was initially known as WAVE
(Walkthrough Virtual Environment), was announced in

7|Page
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

December 2001.

The first public demonstration of Fog Screen was in Finland

in October 2002.Till then it is in use in different areas and
improvements are being done to increase its effectiveness.

Inspired by science fiction movies such as Star Wars, two

Finnish virtual reality researchers created the Fog Screen
to recreate some of the effects from these movies in real
life.

Fog screen is one such immaterial screen and uses the

method of fog on which to project imagery (DiVerdi et al.
2006).?

Fog Screen is a patented technology, which Rakkolainen,

one of the senior researchers and founders behind this
technology, describes as ͙͞an immaterial projection
screen that consists of air and a little humidity, and
enables high-quality projected images in thin-air, as well as
many new applications.͟

Palovuori (2006) writes that the FogScreen creates a large

non-turbulent airflow to protect a dry fog flow inside it
from turbulence.

The Fog Screen debuted at the 2002 Turku Science Fair.

The Fog Screen Company was founded in 2003 and volume

8|Page
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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

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Fog Screen is an exciting new projection technology
that allows you to project images and video onto a screen
of ͞dry͟ fog, creating the illusion that the images are
floating in midair.?Fog Screen is a just that, a 2D projection
screen, but not a common opaque screen like hundreds of
others in the market, rather an a
a
screen. The
word a
a
in relation to display systems refers to
those that create that sense of imagery floating in mid-air,
usually created using water, smoke or fog. Fog screen is
one such immaterial screen and uses the method of fog on
which to project imagery. The Fog Screen is an innovative
display technology that allows for projections on a thin
layer of dry fog. Imagine the traditional pull down screen
that is found in many classrooms today. Instead of a screen
being pulled down from the ceiling, fog is pushed down
and held in place by several small fans, allowing for a
consistent surface for display. A user may simply stand
back and view the material but can also reach or walk
through the fog. A user may also interact with objects
displayed in the fog with the use of an input device like a
data glove, a tracked wand, or simply using hands (see

10 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

Technical Analysis). Currently, there are only nine Fog

Screens available in the world. Fog Screen is an exciting
new projection technology that allows you to project
images and video onto a screen of ͞dry͟ fog, creating the
illusion that the images are floating in midair. You can
literally use the air as your user interface by touching only
the air with your bare hands. The screen is created by
using a suspended fog generating device with no frame
around, and works with video projectors.

The fog they use is dry, so it doesn͛t make you wet even if
you stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The
fog is made of ordinary water with no chemicals
whatsoever. The Fog Screen is a display technology that
instead of using a traditional screen uses a thin layer of dry
fog as the display surface. The system starts with water
that is held in a large plastic container or comes from a
regular water pipe. This water is drawn through a plastic
tube via a small engine. Users have the ability to control
the density and flow of the fog and the strength of the
sandwiching airstreams.

With two projectors, we can project different images on

both sides of the screen. The Fog Screen is a new invention
which makes objects seems to appear and move in thin
air! It is a ë  & you can walk through! The Fog Screen is
created by using a suspended ' 

11 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

generating device; there is no frame around the ë  &.

The installation is easy: just replace the conventional
ë  & with Fog Screen. We don͛t need to change anything
else ʹ it works with standard video projectors. The fog we
are using is dry, so it doesn͛t make you wet even if you
stay under the Fog Screen device for a long time. The fog is
made of ordinary water with no chemicals whatsoever.
With two projectors, you can project different images on
both sides of the screen crisp, and protected from
turbulence. . All the important principles of Fog Screen
technology have patent
pending. The basic components of the screen are a
laminar, on-turbulent airflow, and a thin fog screen
created this way, the fog screen is an internal part of the
laminar airflow, and remains thin and turbulence.


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As already mentioned, the screen is made up of a layer of
fog. It is therefore quite unique that such a substance
could allow for clear and undisturbed image projection.
The secret lies in how this layer of fog in maintained.
Palovuori (2006) writes that the Fog Screen creates a large

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13?|?  e ?
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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

water and one device located above the screen to

maintain the above mentioned airflow. The Fog Screen
works very much like an ordinary screen in terms of
projection properties. Fog Screen is best when used for
real projection situations. Distance between projector and
screen should be a minimum of 2 meters.

  
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?
ͻ It is formed by using ordinary tap water and
digital technology like ultrasonic device to create a
thin layer of dry fog which is sandwiched between
two air-curtains.
ͻ The fog is created by suspended fog generating
device.
ͻ The fog is made up of ordinary tap water with no
chemicals

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

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15 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE


Here in two side air flow is given to make a constant flow
of fog for the display of image. Because if the outside air
will enter then it may create disturbance in displaying the
image. As the fog here we are using are dry and very light.

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¦ Tap water is pumped into the fog tank where it is
blasted with ultrasound, turning it instantly into a thick fog
made of tiny water particles 2-3 microns in diameter.

The tank͛s internal design plus 3 sets of fans work together

to create a very thin wall of mist about half of an inch

16 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

thick. One set of fans blows the fog downwards while the
other two sandwiches the fog between air curtains so that
it becomes a smooth projection screen. Fog Screen works
much like many screens in terms of its projection
properties and requires a 2kw power supply. A major
difference is the need for a water supply, with onscreen
using fifty litres of tap water per hour. The Device situated
above the fog screen enables the purification of the water
via a silver-ion channel and minerals within the tank are
cleaned out through regular maintenance (Jordan Woods,
2007). The opacity will depend on a number of factors,
mainly fog density, the projector, image brightness, and
the background. It appears to be a very versatile
technology and can be combined with many methods in
order to achieve the imagery required, such as pseudo 3D
display and mechanisms to allow further interactivity via
tracking. The founders of the Fog Screen were intrigued
with the prospect of creating an image that could float in
the air and that people could walk through. They set out to
make a projected image float in the air by using different
media such as dust, water, fog, and then a mist of tiny
water droplets. They then had to iterate their design
repeatedly to ensure that people would not get wet and
that the Fog Screen could operate within a broad range of
environmental conditions.

17 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE



, ë' ë  &+ - (&ë' 
,

It is important to recognize the uniqueness of Fog Screen

technology. It is not the world͛s first immaterial screen,
but the first immaterial d
 
 screen. This simple
fact is what distinguishes Fog Screen from all other
displays (Rakkolainen, 2007). Rakkolainen continues to
explain the uniqueness of the technology by mentioning
how other displays can create the floating imagery effect
but none are penetrable. There are water screens creating
huge displays for large audiences but they provide poor
image quality. Such large water based displays are also wet
and so impractical for indoors, and walk-through
interaction. There have also been earlier technologies
closely similar to Fog Screen making use of forgather than
water. However, they are typically wet and turbulence
affecting such screens seriously reduces the fidelity of
imagery. To reiterate what has been mentioned above,
FogScreen creates a non-turbulent airflow of dry fog, cool
to the touch. Erdem (2006) mentions in an article on
performing arts how this quality means that performers or
anyone interacting with the screen for that matter will not
be restricted by the fog layer.?One can walk freely through

18 | P a g e
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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

Olwal has created several pseudo-3D interactive

applications, an example being Y
a


a

. This interactive application allows a user to
stretch and sculpt, as well as to move and rotate a 3D
model of a head as shown in Figure 2.Not only has Fog
Screen been used with such psuedo-3D displays, it is the
centre part of many ongoing efforts towards real
volumetric 3D displays. Dr Benzie (2007) in a large survey
of 3D displays writes how volumetric displays are in a more
advanced stage of development with many already having
a profitable market as with Fog Screen. It appears
therefore, that Fog Screen is a vital display for many
researches in the world of 3DTV.



.. 

¦ Fog Screen has been used in live malls, product

20 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

launches, museums, to attract more and more

peoples.
¦ It is used in case of projection a 3D image esp. in
studies.
¦ It can be used in seminars to make it more
interactive (we can walk through the screen).

It can be used in place of air curtain in clubs to make

itattractive.Museums, events, trade shows, night clubs,
casinos, TV shows, and amusement parks are a number of
areas where Fog Screen has been put into effective use.
One industry where it excels is in advertising. Lugmayr
(2007) describes how Fog Screen can be used in
conjunction with laser scanner drivers, interactivity and
rendering modules, and a flash application. This creates an
effective advertisement that entices a user to
walkthrough. A user could for example, select a brick wall,
or a waterfall via touch, walk through and by doing so see
screen afterwards. Viewers tend to remain captivated by
such an interactive display as opposed to others. Fog
Screens use in trade shows has been well received. Nokia,
one of many using the Fog Screen products, installed a
number of screens to trade show entrances that showed
an animation of a character walking and using the Nokia
products. Nightclubs are another area, where the screen
literally becomes the entrance into the club provoking the

21 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

public to walkthrough. The Box nightclub in Belfast has

installed a number of them, providing amazing visuals
inside.FogScreen can almost be used in any situation. The
Fog Screen team also set up each screen to the
requirements in order that the effect is as expected
wherever it may be used. Its ability to be used throughout
so many industries is evidence of Fog Screens significance
to

¦ Multimedia and one that looks like it shall continue

(Rakkolainen, 2007).& (&)  ëë
( 
  &

Whether you are planning a rock concert, a prize

ceremony, an anniversary, any commercial or private
event, we use the magical    &. Guests can enter
through the ë  & to an event!
¦   "( ë(& ( 
(   &
¦ ++ ë(- / 0 ( & &  ) could use CAVE-like
virtual rooms with '  walls, making them effectively
͞virtual virtual rooms͟.

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Displays are hugely important to multimedia. All imagery needs

22 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

some way to be displayed, even in its creation. For this reason,

there are many technologies out there and as a result many
products, with a recent one being the plasma screen. Most
however, are purely for display, allowing little interaction. Fog
Screen breaks this mould being the first immaterial walk-through
screen (Rakkolainen, 2007). The interactive capabilities of Fog
Screen products have enabled its success in the world of
multimedia and its application can be seen all over the world and
in many different industries ?????????????????????????????????????


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24?|?  e ?
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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

¦? Increase production skills-technology transfer. -

Reduce competition -increase quality of product -
Enter to new market. (in different market.)

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¦ Fog Screen works best indoors with a dark background

that enhances the brightness of the image on the Fog
Screen behind the projector. So, it can͛t be used in day
light.

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25 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

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..
¦ There are endless opportunities to use the products, but
for now these have been mostly innovative marketing
solutions and different exhibitions.
¦ Stream of fog can appear and disappear within a
fraction of a second, making it a possibility for use in a live
theatre setting to aid with special effects
¦ Presently it is in demands in countries like Japan,
Malaysia, Germany, France, Greece, Russia, the UK and the
USA; in &' (
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26 | P a g e
Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

 ëë '   &


¦ Fog Screen has been successfully used in this
international events:
1. Entertainment (live shows, live concerts, night
clubs, stage productions, private parties ie. Disney
Enchanted Tour, Eurovision, Harrah͛s, Cirque de
Soleil, MGM Grand, 20th Century Fox)
2. Brand promotions (P&G, Diesel, Victoria͛s Secret.
Bud light/Maxim Tour, Xbox)
3. Trade shows and exhibition events (Nokia,
Motorola, Sony, Siemens)
4. Theme parks (Key US theme parks)
5. Museums and Science Centres (Palais de la

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Seminar report͛10 DEPT - CSE

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