Giga=10E9

Mega=10E6
Kilo=10E-1
Deci=10E-2
Centi=10E-3
Milli=10E-6
Nano=10E-9
Pico=10E-12
Femto=10E-15

CH4=Methane
O3=Ozone
C8H18=Octane
H3O+=Hydronium
NH4=Ammonium
NH3=Ammonia
H2O2=HydrogenPeroxide
ClO4,-=PerChlorate
ClO3,-=Chlorate
ClO2,-=Chlorite
ClO-=PerChlorite
C2H3O2=Acetate
NO3-=Nitrate
NO2-=Nitrite
SO4,2-=Sulfate
C2H6=Ethane
C2H4- Ethene
CH3OH=Methanol

C=λν
λ=Wavelength
ν=Frequency
E=hv/λ
E is in J(Joules)
E=1/n^2
3E8= Speed of Light c
2.54 cm/inch
6.022E23= Avigadro's #
Zeff= #of Protons – Core electrons
1kg=1/cm^3
D=m/v
En=-2.18E-18
En=E1/n^2
E=1/λ

Increase up and right- Increase down and left= Atomic Radius

-Electronegativity
-Electron affinity, ionization energy

Nodes= Axial-planar-angular / radial

Bond Order= bonding-antibonding electrons/2

Combustion= x + O2 = H2O + CO2
Precipitation= Ax + By= Ay + Bx

Insulator-large gap
Semi conductor- small gap
Delocalized- No gap (not all valence MO's filled)

Electron Sets (Shapes)

2 SP linear 180
3 SP2 Trigonal Planar 109.5
4 SP3 Tetrahedral 120
5 SP3D Trigonal bypyrimidal
6 SP3D2 Octahedral

Findind Remaning amount-

Find limiting
convert given mol's of limiting reactant to
moles of given mol's
Subtract
Isoelectronic-Same lewis structure
Anhydrous- No Water
Central atom is least electronegative
in shrodinger model- electrons cant be found in orbit
binary compund = 2 elements
photoelectric effect= shiny surface emits electrons
monoprotic= 1 ionization
polyprotic= 2 ionizations
specator ions= ions that dont change (they just watch)

Strong Acids Weak acids Strong bases Weak bases

Hcl HF Li-Cs(OH) NH3(ammonia)
Hbr H2CO3 Ca-Ba(OH)2
HI C2H4O2-acetic
HclO3 H3PO4
HclO4-Perchlorate H2SO3 bisulfite
HNO3
H2SO4

Compound is soluble:
Cl
Br - Except when with Ag Hg2,2+ Pb,2+
I
SO4,2- except when with Sr,2+ Ba,2+ Hg2,2+ Pb,2+
NO3,-
CH3COO-

Insoluble-
S,2- NH4,+ Ca,2+ Sr,2+ Ba,2+
OH- “ “ “ “
CO3,2- “ all alkali metal cations
PO4,3- “ “ “

Anion (-)
Cation (+)

# mol/coeff of ion = smallest is limiting reagent

%yeild= actual/theoretical
pH or OH= -log(Molarity) (M)
10^(-pH or OH) = Molarity (M)
solubility(M)= mol/Liters

Acid Names
Per-ic
-ic
-ous
hypo-ous

STP
1 atm
273 K

Alkane-single bond
kene-double bond
kyne-trip bond
Cycloalkane-not flat rings
Aromatic- benzene
Alcohol-not acid/base
Amine-NH2 group (Basic)
Carboxylic acid- CO2H

OIL RIG

Glycine- NH2/C/O/C/OH
1L=1000g
bond enthalpy=reactants- products
heat of formation=products-reactants
PV=nRT
R=.082
4.18 Cal/J
1g/cc
j/c= specific heat

LOOK FOR PROPORTIONS OR EQUAL EQ's

Ox Numbers
O= -2
H= +1
N= -3
MEPB
St ∆Hf= 1 mol
MxCx∆Tx=MyCy∆Ty
specific heat = 1 g 1 deg C
E =gC∆T
22.4L/mol ideal gas
1 atm= 760 atm
charge= lattice energy
Heat cap= mass* c* ∆T
S-L sublimation
L-G vaporization
S-G sublimation
G-L condensation
L-S freezing