School of Engineering

Department of Engineering Systems

Power Distribution Systems

Laboratory 2: Load flow analysis

Figure 1 shows a single-line diagram of a five-bus power system. Input data are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3.
As shown in Table 1, bus 1, to which a generator is connected, is the swing bus. Bus 3, to which a generator
and a load are connected, is a voltage-controlled bus. Buses 2, 4, and 5 are load buses.

1. For each bus k, determine which of the variables are input data and which are unknowns. Also
compute the elements of the Ybus.
2. Model this system in Power World Simulator and obtain a complete solution using Gauss-Seidel.
Investigate the impact of variation in the MVA tolerance on the conversion rate (or number of
iterations required for conversion).
3. Repeat the tasks in (2) above using the Newton-Raphson method. Determine the number of iterations
required for the system to converge and generate the Bus, Line and Transformer output data for the
power system once it has converged.
4. Determine the acceptable generation range at bus 3, keeping each line and transformer loaded at or
below 100% of its MVA limit.
5. Determine the effect of adding a 200 MVAr shunt capacitor bank at bus 2 on the power system.
Comment on the actual MVArs provided by the capacitor bank.
6. Determine the MVAr rating of the shunt capacitor bank to increase the voltage at bus 2 to 1p.u. Also
determine the effect of this capacitor bank on line loadings and total power losses.
7. Modify the system by inserting a second line between bus 2 and 4. Give the new line a circuit
identifier of "2" to distinguish it from the existing line. The line parameters of the added line should
be identical to those of the existing line 2-4. Determine the new line's effect on the voltage on bus 2,
the line loadings, and on the total real power losses.
8. Change the generator bus 3 voltage set-point between 1 and 1.08 p.u. in 0.005 p.ut steps. Show the
variation in the reactive power output of generator bus 3, voltage on bus 2, and total real power
losses.
Figure 1: Single line diagram of the system

Table 1: Bus input data

Table 2: Line input data

Table 3: Transformer input data