AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE

? GAS OUTLET ? GAS OUTLET

TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
LOWER THAN HIGHER THAN
OPTIMUM OPTIMUM
LEADS TO COLD MORE DRY GAS LOSS
END CORROSION RISE OF 220C ABOVE
? LOSS OF HEAT OPTIMUM REDUCE
TRANSFER BOILER EFFICIENCY
ELEMENTS
BY 1%
20C RISE ABOVE
OPTIMUM RESULTS
LOSS OF 600Kcal HEAT
IN 1 TONNE OF F.G.
 FACTORS AFFECTING A.H. GAS
OUTLET TEMPERATURE
? LOWER THAN ? HIGHER THAN OPTIMUM
OPTIMUM QTY. OF AIR PASSING THROUGH
LIGHTING AND A.H.
FIRING COLD ? TEMPERING AIR
BOILER ? SETTING INFILTRATION
? USE SCAPH ? BYPASS DAMPERS PASSING
AIR LEAKAGE TEMP.OF GAS ENTERING A.H
? SEALS CONDITON ? DEPOSITS ON BOILER HEAT
? DIFF. PR. TRANSFER AREAS
BETWEEN AIR AND ? DELAYED/SY.COMBUSTION
F.G ? FEED WATER TEMP
FOULED / CORRODED ELEMENTS
DEFECTIVE BAFFLES
QTY.OFGAS PASSING THROUGH
A.H.
AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE TESTS
? REQUIREMENTS
CHECKING ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
AGAINST MANUFACTURERƍS GUARANTEE
COMPARISON WITH A STANDARD OF
OPERATION
COMPARING PERFORMANCE WHEN FIRING
DIFFERENT FUELS
DETERMINING THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES
TO EQUIPMENT
DETERMINING CORRECTIONS TO A.H.
EXITGAS TEMP. CAUSED BY VARIATIONS IN
INLET TEMP. IN AN EFFICIENCY TEST OF A
BOILER
 AIR HEATER PERFORMANCE
TESTS
? PERFORMANCE ITEMS DETERMINED
GAS SIDE EFFICIENCY
AIR LEAKAGE
X-RATIO
GAS AND AIR TEMPERATURE
CORRECTIONS
GAS AND AIRPRESSURE LOSS
 DATA REQUIRED FOR A.H.
PERFORMANCE TESTS
? TEMP.OF AIR ENTERING
? TEMP.OF AIR LEAVING
? TEMP.OF GAS ENTERING
? TEMP.OF GAS LEAVING
? QTY. OF AIR ENTERING
? QTY. OF HEATED AIR LEAVING
? AIR SIDE INLET AND OUTLET STATIC PRESSURE
? AIR SIDE INLET AND OUTLET VELOCITY PRESSURE
? GAS SIDE INLET AND OUTLET STATIC PRESSURE
? GAS SIDE INLET AND OUTLET VELOCITY PRESSURE
? GAS ANALYSIS OF F.G.ENTERING AND LEAVING A.H
? HUMIDITY OF INLET AIR
 DATA REQUIRED FOR A.H.
PERFORMANCE TESTS
? QTY. OF GAS ENTERING A.H.
? QTY. OF GAS LEAVING A.H.
? QTY. OF FUEL MEASURED OR COMPUTED
? ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL
? QTY. OF ATOMISING STEAM IF BURNING OIL
AIR HEATER CALCULATIONS
AS SI E E ICIENC
› = {(t 4-t 5(NL)) (t 4-tA8)}*

HERE t 4 - EASURE AS TE . ENTERIN A.H.

tA8 - EASURE AIR TE . ENTERIN A.H
t 5(NL) - CALCULATE AS TE LEA IN
A.H. CORRECTE OR NO AIR
LEA A E
 HEAT BALANCE FOR LEAKING AIR IN
AIR HEATER
HEAT GAINED BY LEAKING AIR HEAT LOST BY F.G
HEAT GAINED BY LEAKING AIR HEAT RE IRED TO
RISE TE . OF
LEAKING AIR (t A8)
TO GAS O TLET
TE .( tG 5)

A (L)*CpA*(tG 5- tA8)

ëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë HEREëëëA (L) - AIR LEAKING

CpA - Sp.HEAT OF AIR
 HEAT BALANCE FOR LEAKING AIR IN
AIR HEATER
HEAT LOST BY F.G HEAT LOST TO BRING
DOWN THE GAS TEMP.
FROM IF THERE IS NO
LEAK (tG1 (NL)) TO
ACTUAL GAS TEMP. ( tG1 )

1 *C pG*( tG1 (NL) - tG1 )

WHERE CpG - Sp.HEAT OF F.G.

41 *CpG*( tG1 (NL) - tG1 ) A (L)*CpA*(tG1 - tA )

ëëëëëëëëëëëët 5( ) = [{ ( )* p *(t 5- t 8)} * g ]+t 5

 AI ATER EAKAGE

A(
) =[ ET AIR EAKAGE/WET GAS ENTERING A. ]*

=[{WG15-WG14}/WG14]*100

BY EMPRI AL APPROXIMATION

A(L) =90*{ O2 ENTERING A. .- O2 LEAVING A. .}/

O2 LEAVING A. .

A(L) =91*{ O2 LEAVING A. .- O2 ENTERING A. .}/

(21- O2 LEAVING A. .)
 EFFECT OF VARIOUS
PARAMETERS ON A.H. GAS SIDE
EFFICIENCY
? AIR INLET TEMP.IN ALL CASES 300C
GAS GAS
INLET OUTLET LEAKAGE EFFICIENCY
CASE
TEMP. TEMP.
0 0
C C
IDEAL 400 140 13 .5

1 400 155 13 2.2

2 400 140 20 4.

3 400 155 20 59.7

4 430 165 20 59.8

 § §
 
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 EFFECTS OF TRAMP AIR
TO BOILER
? NOT CONTRIBUTING TO
COMBUSTION
? OFTEN IT IS COLD
? INCREASE GAS VELOCITY
THROUGH E.S.P
? BYPASSING A.H. INCREASED GAS
OUTLET TEMPERATURE
SOURCES OF AIR INGRESS
? ASH HOPPER SEALS
? ASH HOPPER DOOR LEFT OPEN
? DEFECTIVE EXPANSION JOINTS
? DUCT OPENINGS UNCOVERED
? BOILER ROOF SEALS DEFECTIVE
? ATTEMPERATING AIR DAMPERS
PASSING
? A.H.AIR BYPASSING DAMPERS
PASSING
? SUCTION MILLING PLANT
? WORN SHAFT SEAL ON EXHAUSTERS
 X RATIO
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 pA / pG = 0.95

INDI ATION O AIR BY PASSING A.

E E T O BYPASSING AIR ON .G. TEMP.
LEAVING A.
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 ALCULATING AIR INGRESS

g Gas quantity at A. .inlet T/hr 700

Qaf Air quantity based on T/hr 650
ex ess air at A. .inlet
Xr A. .Xratio 0.7
Qa Air quantity leaving A. . T/hr 515.79
Xr*Qg/0.95
Qat Tempering air quantity T/hr 100
from mill heat balance
Qi Air ingress quantity T/hr 34.21
Qaf-Qat-Qa
Air ingress 5.26