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(heart attack)
Abedin Mehmedovic
MVCC SN
What is MI?
A heart attack is when blood
vessels that supply blood to the
heart are blocked, preventing
enough oxygen from getting to
the heart. This causes the muscle
to die.
Causes
• Smoking
• High LDL Cholesterol Levels
• High Blood Pressure
• Diabetes
• Chronic Kidney Disease
Symptoms
Family History
A family history of
premature coronary
disease increases an
individual's risk of
atherosclerosis and MI.
Diagnosis for MI
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
An electrocardiogram is a recording
of the electrical activity of the
heart. Abnormalities in the
electrical activity usually occur with
heart attacks and can identify the
areas of heart muscle that are
deprived of oxygen and/or areas of
muscle that have died.
Diagnosis of MI Continued
Blood Tests
Cardiac enzymes are proteins that
are released into the blood by dying
heart muscles. These cardiac
enzymes are creatine phosphokinase
(CPK), and troponin, and their levels
can be measured in blood. These
cardiac enzymes typically are
elevated in the blood several hours
after the onset of a heart attack.
MI Medication Treatment
Beta Blockers
These medicines decrease
the workload on your heart.
Beta blockers also are used
to relieve chest pain or
discomfort and to help
prevent additional heart
attacks. Beta blockers also
are used to correct irregular
heartbeats.
MI Medication Treatment
Continued
ACE Inhibitors
These medicines lower blood
pressure and reduce the
strain on your heart. They
also help slow down further
weakening of the heart
muscle.
MI Medication Treatment
Continued
Anticoagulants
These medicines thin the
blood and prevent clots
from forming in your
arteries.
MI Medical Procedures
Treatment
Angioplasty
During angioplasty, a thin, flexible
tube with a balloon on the end is
threaded through a blood vessel to
the blocked coronary artery. Then,
the balloon is inflated to push the
plaque against the wall of the artery.
This widens the inside of the artery,
restoring blood flow. Also a small
mesh tube called a stent may be put
in the artery to help keep it open.
Some stents are coated with
medicines that help prevent the
artery from becoming blocked again.
MI Medical Procedures
Treatment Continued
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
(CABG)
Coronary artery bypass grafting
also known as “cabbage” is a
surgery in which arteries or veins
are taken from other areas of your
body and sewn in place to go
around the blocked coronary
arteries. This provides a new route
for blood flow to the heart muscle.
MI Prevention
• Keep your blood pressure, blood
sugar, and cholesterol under
control.
• Don't smoke.
• Consider drinking 1 to 2 glasses of
wine each day. Moderate amounts
of alcohol may reduce your risk of
cardiovascular problems. However,
drinking larger amounts does more
harm than good.
• Eat a low-fat diet rich in fruits and
vegetables and low in animal fat.
MI Prevention Continued
• Eat fish twice a week. Baked or grilled
fish is better than fried fish. Frying can
destroy some of the health benefits.
• Exercise daily or several times a week.
Walking is a good form of exercise. Talk
to your doctor before starting an
exercise routine.
• Lose weight if you are overweight.
• If you have one or more risk factors for
heart disease, talk to your doctor about
possibly taking aspirin to help prevent a
heart attack.
• It’s been shown that aspirin lowers a
chance of MI for about 30%.