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Muhammad Asghar Khan
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 Representation of real world entities

‡ A process of normalization generally leads to the creation
of relations that do not correspond to entities in the real
world

 Semantic Overloading
‡ Relational model has only one construct for representing
data and data relationships i.e relation, therefore it is said
that relational model is semantically overloaded

 Limited Operations
‡ Only fixed set of operations, such as set and tuple oriented
operations
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 OO techniques are firmly rooted in the structure and

meaning of data, and interaction b/w that data and
other data

 In OO we put more effort into the design stages of a

project, but has the benefits of extensibility

 An object is a building block of an OO application

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 Object encapsulates part of the application, which

may be a process, a chunk of data etc

 The type of an object is known by a special name in

OO called class

 We can use the class definition to ³instantiate´ objects

 Object instantiation means to create a real, named

instance of a class

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  ncapsulation
‡ The ability of an object to hide its internal data and
methods, making only the intended parts of the object
programmatically accessible
 Inheritance
‡ A class may inherit from another, which means that it will
have all the members that the class it inherits from has
‡ In OOP terminology, the class being inherited (also known
as derived) from is the parent class (also known as the base
class)
 Polymorphism
‡ Polymorphism is the consequence of inheritance, that is
classes deriving from a base class have an overlap in the
methods and properties that they expose
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 ODM is a data model that captures the semantics of

objects supported in OOP

 Object Database (ODB) is persistent and shareable

collection of objects defined by an ODM

 Object DBMS (ODBMS) the manager of ODB



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 Persistence
 Transactions
 Versions (Objects Versions)
 Architecture (Client-Server)

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  nriched modeling capabilities

  xtensibility
 Support for long duration transactions
 Improved performance

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 Lack of universal data model

 Lack of experience
 Lack of standards
 Locking
 Views
 Security