Chapter Database

Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Objectives Overview
Define the term,
Define the term, data
Define the term, data
d b
database, and explain
d l i Discuss the terms
Di h
integrity, and describe
how a database character, field, record,
the qualities of valuable
interacts with data and and file
information
information
Describe file Differentiate between a
maintenance file processing
q
techniques and pp
approach and the
validation techniques database approach
See Page 513 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 10
Objectives Overview
Objectives Overview
Describe characteristics
Discuss the functions
of relational, object‐
common to most
common to most
oriented, and
i d d
database management
multidimensional
systems
databases
Identify database design
guidelines and discuss
Explain how to access
p
the responsibilities of
the responsibilities of
Web databases
database analysts and
administrators
See Page 513 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 3
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 10
Databases, Data, and Information
Database Data Information
• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

data organized unprocessed • Documents
i
in a manner i
items • Audio
that allows • Text • Images
access
access, • Numbers
b
retrieval, and • Video
• Images
use of that
data • Audio
• Video
Page 514 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 4
Chapter 10
Pages 514 – 515 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

Figure 10‐1 Chapter 10
• Database software, often called a database
g y
management system ((DBMS), allows users to:
)
Create a computerized
Create a computerized Add, modify, and
Add modify and
database delete data
Create forms and
Sort and retrieve data
reports from the data
Chapter 10
• Data integrity identifies the quality of the data
• Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the
Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the
accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the
accuracy of the input
accuracy of the input
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
navigation
then click Data Integrity
below Chapter 10
Chapter 10
• Valuable information should have the following
characteristics:
Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized
Cost‐
Accessible Useful
effective
Pages 516 ‐ 517 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8

Chapter 10
The Hierarchy of Data
• Data is organized in layers
– Files, records, fields, characters
, , ,
• A character is one byte
– Numbers, letters, space,
punctuation marks, or
other symbols
• A field
fi ld is a combination
b
of one or more related
characters
h
– Field name
– Field size
– Data type
• Common data types include:
Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency
Date Memo Yes/No

/ Hyperlink
yp
Object Attachment
Chapter 10
• A record is a group of related fields
– A primary key
p y y uniquely identifies each record
q y
• A data file is a collection of related records
Maintaining Data
Maintaining Data
• File maintenance refers to the procedures that
p
keep data current
Adding
Adding Modifying
Modifying
records records
Deleting
D l i
records
Chapter 10
Maintaining Data
Maintaining Data
• Users add new records to a file when they obtain
new data
Maintaining Data
Maintaining Data
• Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data
p
or update old data
Maintaining Data
Maintaining Data
• When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes
it from a file
Maintaining Data
Maintaining Data
• Validation compares data with a set of rules or
values to find out if the data is correct
Alphabetic/Numeric
Range check Consistency check
check
Completeness check Check digit Other checks

navigation
then click Data Validation
below Chapter 10
Chapter 10
File Processing Versus Databases
File processing system Database approach
• Each department has its • Programs and users share
own set of files data
• Used for many years • Reduce data redundancy
• Have data redundancy • Improve data integrity
• Isolate data
I l d • Share data
Sh d
• Allows easier access
• Reduces development time
R d d l t ti
• Can be more vulnerable

Chapter 10
Database Management Systems

navigation
then click MySQL
below Chapter 10
• A data dictionary contains data about each file in
the database and each field in those files
Pages 527 – 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 21

• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users
p g
and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the
database Query language
Query by example
Form
Report generator
Chapter 10
• A query language consists of simple, English‐like
p y
statements that allow users to specify the data to
display, print, or store
• Query by example
Query by example (QBE) provides a GUI to assist
(QBE) provides a GUI to assist
users with retrieving data
Chapter 10
• A form is a window on the screen that provides
g y g
areas for entering or modifying data in a database

navigation
then click E-Form
below Chapter 10
• A report generator allows users to design a report
p
on the screen, retrieve data into the report
design, and then display or print the report
A DBMS provides means to

A DBMS provides means to
ensure that only authorized users
ensure that only authorized users
access data at permitted times
• Access privileges
• Principle of least privilege
Chapter 10
• A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to
restore the database to a usable form in case it is
damaged or destroyed
Backup Log
R
Recovery C ti
Continuous
utility backup
Chapter 10
Relational, Object‐Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
l idi i l b
• A data model consists of rules and standards that
g
define how the database organizes data
l idi i l b
• A relational database
stores data in tables
that consist of rows and
columns
– Each row has a primary
key
– Each column has a
unique name
• A relationship
l h is a link
l k
within the data
l idi i l b
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query
g g g p
language that allows users to manage, update,
and retrieve data

navigation
then click SQL
below Chapter 10
l idi i l b
• An object‐oriented database (OODB) stores data
j
in objects
• Examples of applications appropriate for an
object oriented database include:
object‐oriented database include:
Multimedia Groupware
database database
Computer‐
Hypertext
aided design
database
database
Chapter 10
l idi i l b
l idi i l b
• A multidimensional database can store data in more
than two dimensions of data
– Sometimes known as a hypercube
– Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and
manages the data required to analyze historical and
current transactions

navigation
then click Data Warehouses
below Chapter 10
Chapter 10
Web Databases
Web Databases
• Databases on the Web allow you to:
Shop for
products or Buy or sell stocks Search for a job
services
Make airline Register for Check semester

reservations college classes grades
Chapter 10
Web Databases
Web Databases
Video: How a Photo Sharing Site
Keeps Its Data
CLICK TO START
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 38
Chapter 10
Database Administration
• It is important to have a carefully designed
database

navigation
then click Database Design
Guidelines below Chapter 10
Database analysts and administrators are responsible
for managing and coordinating all database activities
Database Administrator (DBA)
Database Analyst (DA)
Creates and maintains the data
C t d i t i th d t
Decides on proper field
dictionary, manages security,
placement, defines data
monitors performance, and
p ,
relationship and identifies sers’
relationship, and identifies users’
checks backup and recovery
access privileges
procedures

navigation
then click Database
Administrators below
Chapter 10
Chapter 10
• Employees should learn
how to use the data in
the database effectively
– Interact with database
– Identify new data for the
database
– Maintain the database
Summary
How data and
Methods for
Methods for Assessing the
Assessing the
information are
maintaining high‐ quality of valuable
valuable assets to
q y
quality data information
an organization
i ti
Advantages of Roles of the
Various types of
organizing data in database analysts
databases
a database
d b and administrators
d d i i
Chapter 10
Discovering
Computers 2011
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10 Complete

Chapter Database

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Discovering

Database Data Information

• Collection of • Collection of • Processed data

Pages 514 – 515 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 5

Click to view Web Link,

Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized

Pages 516 ‐ 517 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 8

Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency

Date Memo Yes/No

Completeness check Check digit Other checks

Click to view Web Link,

Pages 524 ‐ 526 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 18

Click to view Web Link,

Pages 527 – 528 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 21

Click to view Web Link,

A DBMS provides means to

Click to view Web Link,

Click to view Web Link,

Make airline Register for Check semester

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Click to view Web Link,

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