LOGIC CIRCUITS AND SWITCHING THEORY

Topic: BINARY SIGNED NUMBER / CODED NUMBERS

Binary Signed Numbers

The bit in the most significant position of a binary number can be
interpreted as a sign bit indicating whether the number represented by the
remaining bit is positive or negative.
Sign Bit: 0  positive .; 1  negative
One’s Complement  is determined by getting the complement of each bit
of the binary number.
Two’s Complement  getting the one’s complement and adding one to the
binary is the way of having it’s corresponding two’s complement.

Example: Perform each of the following computations using Signed 8 – bit

word (7 magnitude bits plus a sign bit) in 1’s complement and 2’s
complement binary arithmetic.
1. ( -13) + (+ 59)
2. ( 38) + (-41)
3. ( -63) + ( -45)

Coded Numbers
In digital electronics, it is common to represent numbers in its
convenient binary form. These codes were devised for a variety of reasons.
Some for error detection, some for ease of use in electronic circuiuts and
some to convert alphanumeric symbols into binary number.

Binary Coded Decimals

The BCD is used to represent decimal number in its convenient binary
form. Binary bits can be used to represent not only numbers but also letters
and symbols. Combination of binary bits are called binary codes.
[a] The 8421 Code
This is the natural binary code where the decimal numbers are
represented by their binary equivalent. The name 8421 indicates the binary
weight of the four binary bits.
23 22 21 20 = 8 4 2 1
Example:
1. 18510  ________________________BCD
Excess Three Code (XS-3)
Derive in the same way as the BCD code except that before conversion
into binary, each digit is increased by 3.
Example:
1. 3710  _____________________________XS-3
Gray Code
A sequence of binary numbers in which one and only one digit changes
in successive numbers. It is also called the unit distance code and is used in
Karnaugh Maps.

Instructor: SERGIO R. PERUDA JR.

 LOGIC CIRCUITS AND SWITCHING THEORY

Example:
1. 10101110111012  ________________________GRAY CODE
2. 1101010101011100GRAY CODE ______________________________2

“Three things give the student the possibility of surpassing his teacher: ask
a lot of questions, remember the answers, and teach…”
~ Jan Amos Coménius

Instructor: SERGIO R. PERUDA JR.