Disease S/Sx Etiology Labs/Tests/Dx Tx Pearl

Acute Wheezing, rhinorrhea, Clinical, culture Bronchodilators 80% viral (RSV)

Bronchitis fever, cough, Common in children
(>2y/o) tachypnea
Acute Dry cough, dyspnea, CT: Mosaic Prednisone, Generic term applied to
Bronchiolitis flu-like fatigue, fever, attenuation tapered but varied inflamm
weight loss (localized air- cont’d 6 mo. processes that affect
Abrupt onset but trapping) bronchioles (which are
lasting days - months CXR: bilat patchy, less than 2mm in
ground-glass or diameter)
alveolar infiltrates
Culture

Asthma: Cough, wheezing, Reversible PFT Based on ASA/NSAID may trigger

acute chest tightness Inflammatory CXR (normal or severity
airflow hyperinflation) MDI (steroids)
obstruction ABG Anticholinergics
B2 agonists
Asthma: Respiratory distress CXR B2
Status refractory to B2 ABG Ipatropium
Asthmaticus agonists in ER O2
Corticosteroids
(prednisone)
COPD: Daily productive Decreased FEV to Ipatroprium/albu “Blue bloater”
Chronic cough FVC ration terol
Bronchitis (3mo/yr x 2yr) CXR shows Abx (acute
Barrel chest increased infection)
Wheeze interstitial Theophylline
Diminished breath markings ("dirty Home O2
sounds lungs"), especially (alters
at bases. course)
Diaphragms are Yearly pneumo
not flattened vaccine
Pneumonia: Cough with rusty- Streptococcu CXR: dense lobar Penicilin G S. pneumonia does NOT
(Community colored sputum s consolidation Amoxicilin cause permanent lung
Acquired) Pleuritic C/P (sharp pneumoniae ⇑ broncophony Macrolides damage
Acute: c/p on deep ⇑ egophany URI is known to
Pneumococcal inspiration, from ⇑ pectroliloquy predispose to S. pneumo
(S. inflamm of parietal ⇑ tactile fremitus (damages bronchial
Pneumoniae) pleura) epithelium, pooling
⇓ resonance
1 rigor serous fluid)
*24 hour period of
abrupt onset new
illness following URI*
Pneumonia: Cough with little or no Staph aureus CXR: patchy IV nafcillin URI known to predispose
(Community sputum infiltrates or dense Vancomycin if to S. aureus
Acquired) Numerous rigors diffuse MRSA Causes permanent