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METHOD (FEM): AN
OVERVIEW
Dr A Chawla
ANALYTICAL / MATHEMATICAL
SOLUTIONS
• CONTINUOUS SOLUTIONS
• EXACT SOLUTION
NUMERICAL (FEM) SOLUTIONS
• APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS
• FOR COMPLEX
GEOMETRY
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
LOADING
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
• A METHOD OF PIECEWISE
APPROXIMATION
• A PROCESS OF DISCRETIZATION
ESSENTIAL STEPS IN FEM
• DISCRETIZATION
• INTRODUCES APPROXIMATION
• ∏ = 1/2 QT K Q - QT F
SOLUTIONS FOR UNKNOWN
DISPLACEMENTS
u = 0 at x = 0 and
u = 0 at x = L
FOR BENDING PROBLEMS
• EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION
d2M / dx2 + q = 0
ε = z d2w / dx2
M=σI/y
• FOURTH ORDER DE
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS (in
bending)
• for instance
w(0) = 0, dw / dx (0) = 0
A GENERAL 3D CASE
• DEFORMATIONS
u = [u v w]T
• STRESSES
σ = [σx σy σz τyz τxz τxy]T
• STRAINS
ε = [εx εy εz γyz γxz γxy]T
= [δu/δx δv/δy δw/δz (δv/δz+δw/δy) ...]T
• FORCES
BODY FORCES [fx fy fz]T
TRACTIVE FORCES [Tx Ty Tz]T
POINT FORCES [Px Py Pz]T
3D EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS
• BODY FORCES (equilibrium of a volume
element)
δσx/δx + δτxy/δy + δτxz/δz + fx = 0
δτxy/δx + δσy/δy + δτyz/δz + fy = 0
δτxz/δx + δτyz/δy + δσz/δz + fz = 0
• TRACTIVE FORCES
σx nx + τxy ny + τxz nz = Tx
τxy nx + σy ny + τyz nz = Ty
τxz nx + τyz ny + σz nz = Tz
• BASIS OF FEM
• AT EQUILIBRIUM ∏ IS A MINIMA
• δ∏ / δai = 0
ERRORS IN FEM
• WRONG ASSUMTIONS
• USER ERRORS
• DISCRETIZATION ERRORS
• IMPACT STRESSES
• COMPOSITE MATERIALS
• STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS
• AUTOMOBILE PARTS
• AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
• NUCLEAR ENGINEERING