© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

What
What Is
Is Leadership?
Leadership?

ma na ge me nt
Use of authority inherent in
designated formal rank to
obtain compliance from
organizational members

11–2
Trait
Trait Theories
Theories

Leadership
LeadershipTraits
Traits::
•• Ambition
Ambitionand
andenergy
energy
•• The
Thedesire
desireto
tolead
lead
•• Honesty
Honestyandand
integrity
integrity
•• Self-confidence
Self-confidence
•• Intelligence
Intelligence
•• Job-relevant
Job-relevant
knowledge
knowledge
11–3
Trait
Trait Theories
Theories

Limitations
Limitations::
•• No
Nouniversal
universaltraits
traitsthat
thatpredict
predictleadership
leadership
in
inall
allsituations.
situations.
•• Traits
Traitspredict
predictbehavior
behaviorbetter
betterin
in“weak”
“weak”
than
than“strong”
“strong”situations.
situations.
•• Unclear
Unclearevidence
evidenceof ofthe
thecause
causeand
andeffect
effect
of
ofrelationship
relationshipofofleadership
leadershipandandtraits.
traits.
•• Better
Betterpredictor
predictorof
ofthe
theappearance
appearanceofof
leadership
leadershipthan
thandistinguishing
distinguishingeffective
effective
and
andineffective
ineffectiveleaders.
leaders.
11–4
Behavioral
Behavioral Theories
Theories

•• Trait
Traittheory:
theory:
Leaders
Leadersare
areborn,
born,not
notmade.
made.
•• Behavioral
Behavioraltheory:
theory:
Leadership
Leadershiptraits
traitscan
canbe
betaught.
taught.

11–5
Ohio
Ohio State
State Studies
Studies

11–6
University
University of
of Michigan
Michigan Studies
Studies

11–7
 The
The
Managerial
Managerial
Grid
Grid

11–8
Scandinavian
Scandinavian Studies
Studies

11–9
Contingency
Contingency Theories:
Theories: Fiedler’s
Fiedler’s Model
Model

11–10
Fiedler’s
Fiedler’s Model:
Model: Defining
Defining the
the Situation
Situation

11–11
Findings
Findingsfrom
fromFiedler
FiedlerModel
Model

11–12
Cognitive
Cognitive Resource
Resource Theory
Theory

Research
ResearchSupport
Support: :
• • Less
Lessintelligent
intelligentindividuals
individuals
perform
performbetter
betterininleadership
leadership
roles
rolesunder
underhigh
highstress
stressthan
than
do
domore
moreintelligent
intelligent
individuals.
individuals.
• • Less
Lessexperienced
experiencedpeople
people
perform
performbetter
betterininleadership
leadership
roles
rolesunder
underlow
lowstress
stressthan
than
do
domore
moreexperienced
experienced
people.
people.

11–13
Hersey
Hersey and
and Blanchard’s
Blanchard’s Situational
Situational Leadership
Leadership
Theory
Theory

e ss
n gn
illi
w
nd
y a
ilit
: ab
e ss
d in
r ea
e r
w
llo
Fo
Leader: decreasing need for support and supervision

11–14
Leader–Member
Leader–Member Exchange
Exchange Theory
Theory

11–15
Leader-Member
Leader-Member Exchange
Exchange Theory
Theory

11–16
Path-Goal
Path-Goal Theory
Theory

11–17
The
The Path-Goal
Path-Goal Theory
Theory

11–18
Leader-Participation
Leader-Participation Model
Model

11–19
Contingency
Contingency Variables
Variables in
in the
the Revised
Revised
Leader-Participation
Leader-Participation Model
Model

11–20