Future Of Nuclear

Power Plants

090462X SANCHALA I.D.S.

090463C SANDAMALI H.G.N.
090480B SENEVIRATHNA I.A.S.R.
090493R SIRISENA K.L.U.
090507R SUMANARATHNA D.M.G.A.I.N. 09052
THIWANKA W.A.T.
090524P THOTABADUGE U.S.
 Role in Global Electricity
16+ %

440+ commercial nuclear

power reactors

In 30+ countries

376,000+ MWe of total

capacity

[Source : WNA]
 What an energy !!
Energy :

1g of U-235
3 x 109 kg
(coal)
 :: Basic Principle ::
Thermal energy from controlled Nuclear Reaction
Heat Transfer to Steam Generator via a Coolant
Generation of steam
Driving Steam Turbine so the Generator
Transmission of Electricity..
 Nuclear Reactions
Fission - Splits a massive element into
fragments, releasing energy

Fusion - Joins two light elements, forming

a more massive element, releasing energy

Fusion
 Fission or Fusion ??
Efission <<< Efusion

But, fusion needs high temp. (4 x108 K = 3 x Tsun)

Plasma (ionized gas) is used to obtain the temp.
Fusion results zero gain, practically
 Fusion plants - still at research level
Fission plants are in use globally

[http://jammit.com.au/20080115/china-pins-big-14b-hopes-on-nuclear-fusion/]
 ..Types of Plants..
Light water reactors:  Moderator and coolant are light water (H2O).
Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) & Boiling Water
Reactors (BWR) belongs to this.

Heavy water reactors (CANDU): Coolant and moderator are heavy

water (D2O).

Graphite moderated reactors: Gas Cooled Reactors (GCR) and

Light Water Cooled Reactors (RBMK).

Exotic reactors : Fast breeder reactors and other experimental

installations

New generation reactors: Reactors of the future.

 :: Efficiency ::

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

33+ %
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

Why ??
Heating up of water - limited
Heat transfer from water - limited

But, researches discover ways to push off the limits..

 Pros & Cons of NPP
Advantages::

Low space requirement

No direct environmental pollution (low CO2 emission)
Ability to extract more energy in shorter time
 Pros & Cons of NPP(cts..)
Disadvantages::

Nuclear waste – highly radioactive, toxic for creatures

High Cost (Installment + Maintenance) - $ 5 bn. to install
Accidents - Core meltdown : Exposure to Radiation !!
 :: Future of NPP ::
4th Generation Advanced Reactors - Closed fuel cycles and burn the
long-lived actinides now forming part of spent fuel, so that fission
products are the only high-level waste. Many will be fast neutron reactors

Advanced Fast neutron reactors (FNR) – Advancing existing FNRs

Advancements to cut down pollutant & thermal emission

 NPP at Sri Lanka??
Not yet established
Planning to install within next 20 yrs
Pre-feasibility study is being conducted
Thank Y u !!!