Resta de racionales.

Para restar fracciones como en el caso anterior se tiene que obtener

el común denominador, obtener numeradores equivalentes y
restarlas de acuerdo a las reglas de signos.
Si son fracciones mixtas se convierten a fracciones impropias, y si
son decimales se convierten a fracciones.

-2 1/3 + 1 1/5
 35  18  17 2
-7/3+ 6/5 = 15  15  115 mcm= 15

-1 1/3 +1 ¼ - 2.6=

-2 6/10
 80  75  156  161 41
-4/3 +5/4 –26/10 = 60

60
 2
60
mcm=60

-1 1/3 + 2 ¼=
 16  27 11
-4/3 +9/4 = 12  12

Ejercicio: Resuelve usando la recta numérica.

a) –2 ¼ +1 1/3- 1 1/5=-9/4+ 4/3- 6/5 =- 127/60 = -2 7/60

      
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

b) –2 3/5 + 1 1/3 +1 ½= -13/5+4/3 + 3/2 =7/30

      
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
c) –3 1/6 +1 1/3- 1 ½ = -19/6 + 4/3 – 3/2 = -20/6 = -3 2/6= -3 1/3

         
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

d) – 2 ¾+ 1 3/7 + 1 ½ = -11/4+ 10/7 3/2 = 5/28

         
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

e) –2 3/5+ 2 1/10 + 1 1/12 = -13/5+21/10+13/12 =35/60 =7/12

         
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Ejercicio de repaso resuelve las siguientes sumas y restas de

números racionales.

a) –3 ¼ + 2 1/3- 1 1/6 = -13/4+ 7/3 – 7/6 = -25/12 = -2 1/12

b) –2 3/5 + 1 8/9 +1 2/3 = -13/5+ 17/9+5/3 = 43/45
c) –5 4/7 + 2 1/5 + 1 ½ = -39/7 + 11/5 +3/2= -134/70 = -1 32/64
d) –6 6/7+ 1 ¼ - 1 1/3 = -45/7+5/4-4/3= -537/84 = -6 33/84
e) – 7 ½ + 1 1/3 – 1 1/5= -15/2+4/3-6/5=-221/30= -7 11/30
f) –8 1/3-1 ¼ + 1 1/5= -543/60 = -9 3/60= -9 1/20
g) –10 ½ -1 1/3 –1 1/7 = -545/42= -12 41/42
h) –6 2/5 – 1 1/12 + 1 ¼ = -32/2-13/12+5/4=-190/12= -15 5/6
i) – 8 1/3 –6 1/5 +1 1/6=-25/3-31/5+7/6=-401/30= -13 11/30
j) –7 2/5 + 2 1/3 –1 1/3= -37/5+ 7/3- 4/3= -96/15 = - 6 6/15

Ejercicio:
a) [-(-2)-(-5)-(-3)(-2)-{-(-2)-(-4)}] =
[-(-2)-(-5)-(-3)(-2)-{+2+4}] =
[-(-2)-(-5)-(-3)(-2)-{+6}] =
[ -(-2)-(-5)-(+6)+6]=
[+2+5-6+6]=
[13-6] = 7

b) [-(-2)(-4)(-3)-{-(-2)-(-3)}] =
[-(-2)(-4)(-3)-{+2+3}] =
[-(-24)-5] =
[24 – 5] = +19

c) [ -(-2)-(-6)-(-3)-(-4)-{-(-3)(3)}] =
[ - (-2)- (-6) –(-3) –(-4) – {3(3)}] =
[+2+6+3+4-9] =
[15 –9] = +6

d)[-(-2)(-5)-(-6)-(-3)(2)-{-(-2)}] =
[-(-2)(-5)-(-6)-(-3)(2)-{ +2}] =
[-10+6+6-2] =
[-12+12] = 0

e)–[-(-2)-(-3)-(3)+(-4)-{-(-2)(4)}] =
-[-(-2)-(-3)-(3)+(-4)-{-(-8)}] =
-[-(-2)-(-3)-(3)+(-4)-{+8}] =
-[+2 + 3 –3 - 4 –8] =
-[-15+5] =
-[-10] = +10

Obtener el valor numérico de las siguientes expresiones:

a=2, b=3, x=1, c=-2, y=-3

5 x 2b  4 xy 5(12 )(3)  4(1)(3)

a) 2ab 
2( 2)(3)
=
5(1)(3)  12 15  12 3 1
  
2( 6) 12 12 4
5 x 2b  3abc  b 2 5(12 )(3)  3( 2)(3)( 2)  32 5(3)  3(6)( 2)  9
b) 2
3a b
 2
3(2 )(3)

3(4)(3)


15  36  9  12  1
 
36 36 3

5ab  3 xy  2a x 5(2)(3)  3(1)(3)  2(21) )

c)  
3a 2b 3(2 2 )(3)
5(6)  3(3)  2(2) 30  9  4 34  9 25
  
3(4)(3) 3(129 36 36

3a b x  4 x a b 3(23 )(1)  4(12 )(3)

d) 2a

2(2)


3(8)(1)  4(1)(3) 24  12 36
  9
4 4 4

 3a 2b  4ab  3(2 2 )(3)  4(2)(3)

e) 2a x b

2(21 )(3)


 3(4)(3)  4(6)  3(12)  24  36  24  12

    1
2(2)(3) 2(6) 12 12

 8a 2b x  2a b c  8( 2 2 )(31 )  2( 23 )(2)
f) 3 xy

3(1)(3)


 8(4)(3)  2(8)(2)  8(12)  2(16)  96  32  128 2

    14
3(3) 9 9 9 9

2a 3b 2  4a b x a  4 2(23 )(32 )  4(23 )(12 )  4

g) 2a b x a

2(23 )(12 )


2(8)(9)  4(8)(1)  4 2(72)  32  4 144  32  4 180 4

    11
2(8)(1) 16 16 16 16
Ejercicio:

a) –[ -(-2)(-3)-(-5)-(-6)-(-3)(2)-{-(-2)(-3)}-(-2)] =
-[-(-2)(-3)-(-5)-(-6)-(-3)(2)-{2(-3)}+2] =
-[-(-2)(-3)-(-5)-(-6)-(-3)(2)-{-6}+2] =
-[-6+5+6+6+6+2] =
-[25-6] =
-[19] = -19

b)-[-(-5)-(-3)-(-2)-(-4)-(-5)-(-6)-{(-3)(4)(-2)}-(-2)] =
-[-(-5)-(-3)-(-2)-(-4)-(-5)-(-6)-{24}+2] =
-[ +5+3+2+4+5+6-24+2] =
-[+27 -24] =
-[+3] = -3

c) – [-(-3)-(-5)-(-3)-(-2)-(-4)(2)-(-3)(-5)-{+6}] =
-[-(-3)-(-5)-(-3)-(-2)-(-4)(2)-(-3)(-5)-6] =
-[+3+5+3+2-(-8)-(15)-6] =
-[3+5+3+2+8-15-6] =
-[+21 –21] =
-[0] = 0

d) -[-(-3)(-4)(-5)-(-6)-(-3)]-[-(-3)(-2)-(-4)-(-5)-(-5)-(-3)-(-4)] =
-[-(-60)+6+3]-[-(6)+4+5+5+3+4] =
-[+60+6+3]- [-6+4+5+5+3+4] =
-[69] – [21-6] =
-[69]-[15] =-69 –15 =-84

e) –[ -(-3)(-5)-(-6)-(-2)-(-6)-{(-2)-(-3)}-(-2)(-4)]-[-(-2)(-4)(-5)] =
-[-(15)+6+2+6-{-2+3}-(8)]-[-(-40)] =
-[-15+6+2+6 -(1)-8]-[+40] =
-[-24+14]-[40] =
-[-10]-[40] = 10- 40 = -30

Ejercicio:
5x
a) 3  8  6  10  7.1
5x
 8  10  6
3
5x
 10  6  8
3
5x=(-10+6-8)3
  12(3)  36
x= 5

5

8x
b) 2
 3  6  15
8x
 3  15  6
2
8x
 15  6  3
2
36 9
8x=(18)2 x= 8

2

7x
c) 3
 4  15  4
7x
 4  4  15
3
7x
 4  15  4
3
7x=(7)3
21
x= 7  3

5x
d) 4
 8  7  11  22
5x
 8  22  11  7
4
5x
 22  11  7  8
4
5x=(10)4
40
x= 5  8
5x
e) 3
 3  6  17  10
5x
 3  10  6  17
3
5x
 10  6  17  3
3
5x= (-16)3
 48
x= 5

Ejercicio: elabora las siguientes conversiones de decimal a

fracción, simplificando.
a) 0.21 5 = 21/100+5/900=(189+5)/900 =194/900 = 97/450
_

b) 0.25 4 = 2/10+54/990=(198+54)/990 = 252/990= 42/165

_

__
c) 0.12 34 = 12/100+34/9900 =(1188+34)/9900 = 1222/9900 =
611/4950
__
d) 0.4 21 = 4/10+21/990 =(396+21)/990 = 417/990 =139/330
__
e) 0.2 34 = 2/10+34/990 =(198+34)/990 = 232/990 = 116/495
______
f) 0. 2146 = 2146/9999

Suma y ubica en la recta numérica.

a) 2/5+4/3+1/6 = 57/30= 1 27/30= 1 9/10

           
0 1 2

b) 2 1/3+1 ¼+4/2 = 7/3+5/4+4/2 =67/12 = 5 7/12

       
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

c) 1/3+ 1/6+ 8/7 = 69/42 = 1 27/42 = 1 9/14

      
0 1 2

d) 2 1/3+1 ¼ +3/5 =7/3+5/4+3/5=251/60 = 4 11/60

     
0 1 2 3 4 5
e) 1 ¼+2 1/3+1 1/6 =5/4+7/3+7/6 =57/12= 4 9/12

      
0 1 2 3 4 5 6