AQMNEINsANUAAN ‘malities sia ung NAY :MTdARNANANINA NM MUANTITUALA :inniunguanelnaray dunsinua Tuntauaianss anu Auurisommsvtbinanleren duende ase neBuvaliensine nn diokudmumafounemmmmanduenadiaistumanaiuncenygiia mrinefusowhene Fdhaamdawreee none nathuamd wremauesyghonnranadhawmdanamanrasion unemanmsiiaduluodin senefianudusstionmstghtrntamaneluladeositanofuce iubamerndiuerndiinreulumsinmmesiiolamame wlasuigeudsinaisnies gmriuntedtuviesiuanatuluunnrndiusedhisln seu, (ertumnand), omu, (utunlamrearudine), ust, (ngwnorewbalsann semenand) LLM. tte! Property Law & Secures Regulation, Universi of Cambridge). LL.M. iformation Technology Law, Telecommuniation Law & Media Law; University of London), @8ng nesTfinay maitewnmushairemnneDoumsiamant Trananendslaaitunyumeonnuludranatnuiis (TRADE IN SERVICES) dastunist Tusinasns anasuinit INFORMATION)® Susiuléhufhnrinualsemavinussanagaa naaauiaguizeinagatonivass svasuine (INFORMATION SOCIETY) viadhunaiany weawgfegrniognennnaay (POST-INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY) dyistwgfiaqadnaanine (INFORMATION ECONOMY) Tnefinéouinisiuariaumeduduostdsevulnsena ea Sufoliuthlesuntrougyy (NERASTRUCTURE) Maenailussinaiy 9 Halantataaliu Witeulasoataevasonalnaeanmavinfianrafiagn wt seiounginoasiiitienmadanindul asdnatiiniunvsivinalnsmanreaiavesinnies (MONOPOLY) angieuutliarasion pmonnmnioninnoinginatlneltiasinasasuny (DUOPOLY) vied ungnvwdetatut motiuinnlaatvoguuiugmdnsuudugiuuhin nalonewneldanmaneiinn udviurerieliifinssAniamgeqalamaraugintitumstranaindsminenny usénirw monfieusedononlselenslgaqasioguslnn Useinelnelug meri umninid ladon died semetionbiowieenfinndluvin Uningnnidlwesionnent usenet unaerfruscwlernosesseinellneunevsenedy 9 ong auseeneiinwas® unengatlseinerdonuurttmualsienalmenmnanduuinns snovieuenfedthafiamaussumenoringulnn (PUBLIC SERVICES OR PUBLIC UTILITIES) Sfivh sramana (INFORMATION) enayesinal Hu au dhl INFORMATICS, TELEMATICS, ‘TELEINFORMATICS (s1nern¥ivin TELECOMMUNICATIONS + INFORMATICS), COMPUNICATIONS (43" ‘v9 COMPUTER + COMMUNICATIONS) vffo TRANSHORDER DATA FLOW (TDF) wedeyaitunfenity ENHANCED SERVICE vo VALUE-ADDED SERVICE gy7unsifemenn unsdimves Lnfimutan “irl nfidinnfumeden salam nguannew: aansemuhenguacestfintun sae stvamannnaresssin nu" Gneriinug Gmaniuraiosin swvimrdusmninnand (amrwu iekea) wih seo-oom ‘oatnfinnadislvinlsannauigautmduksanntidantuliiin muds lugstagaainsnlyananesn Fausihu wituiouda THE GRAHAM ACT 1921 Wiurashinugninanabainwses AT&T ifhudievignzastee Agvarw (LEGITIMISED) Ineli-munligneuninsinimanaléfumannduenneymellieures THE SHERMAN (ANTLTRUST) ACT 1890 UhiSrithfinTnatniarsnenaion gran (MONOPOLY) Tuuine carla plese eat Fgnm (CONGRESS) ‘ina THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT 1934 “ais FEDERAL COM- MUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC) ‘Winnugtgin (REGULATE) gaarinttilyanaannntese ound guserae sewholisinn (INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCOE IN COMMUNICATIONS) untasasneumiiunt Stim agnmalumetnnanumnewrnanstya oe Df we auf « ot Huis Sudlumbatleorighaedovtnltuinnurlsemmlnelimiwewvosgludituinn do donaliinanralnarennnatiafiomafignnalnessa# (NATURAL MONOPOLY) figuilan solid uamselomlguqetotiquistwtounontosinayne mn ualaqinunaeanAadine aris uisultenld TneuurenrAntvsidatinatiuimalninnnmariecsianimensrooraudety, mala mele mmoveumervgfiounisnt? na inafieungmane agmnelnefiivuduneasnihiiufaniinianwestulegiy fo waulvaamuns Trait 1a. acores ZafngmaneiltenituAtueil wat, no'be’-looroe® An ounontutees Lamiusiont eng mnenduleniwiuduand eo Duda Tred waulnusmuaelnsit Ve wales Witiyiimauurmvoingmanensalnsias: yarns oles (We beeo!) Aalk Ty iainmsloniunctndrmtunamidunrtnanntueosig® — Adidoowntunmiin Aemalransdubarenelnetueseuan yeu nsufawsyasonindadagya Wrens TnaiseaufladqninganielmsnnifiorenheuseinarnueauacdonquusetuAlanns enednBnnunemlomamiumeenasewnntuornien uislASinad ne siyngrne Tnaselausntititl wai eeve-beve Anlitnnnfmiodueradulutcatleenin UuAadmramiynmafansinnasuaclnsain® Aotinaeaninuantasmadimuesugiquas hve eoersniualtenfiersinanauwasrndinanuemaynewletg (STATE MONOPOLY) dss roaudeturna ional mlreonmarste indies ar ngiareuseUfuaeussuuae ana ihdestnsessvn Td eace une ecce, lrumiiulienng racists exice, Iremeenmnddldrengireuae divalfeuruutal gece on souriufangur wari ymestadsndulutiinendrenpmveut tammy = dlentensoemaninaash esoffurminguinei als Sonsini leunntrfnnninnsersoeancwnlltonenaaanmegis nsevenem a) ane I wateeds wartull wreve ind nanguruviwarwriati alrenwl: Toundianiinrennasmnwainedsrils mania na. ecae Folungmnentuiiehunaie ranma gun. rrepuaciemAl dhl we. cess Fe @ wingmnenmtnnes YANG sed (WA.weted) VinyyRlined vat ang eneriiassiumtslomdindrmtunniianalnetesdan Fe meverusnstugnmnfiuse mingrunsulnaiay angtunsesyneray itmnan Sgrunci@unltean Sunsdreeny teAmuan, Sauk, why eate-enea Qnrunsiimans smmanatutum aun Anlaettillsontremedtaulntuderalanturncatata famalrans uselnaAiifuvénmoriqiinn drosdnasasighnliviectostmmiionituimameranulna uqandnisemamiefintunyuch waulnaomuaclnatins we. coo Wendretulnerinie sinsMUuMiolundentud amas fo ngmnundud hileleri dh “Tien” une “Instn? didonretuancantangmneda Tnvtoannisinalstveydgan TniassemhovseinafidlAfiuntienevtrh “nvalnunt" (TELEGRAPHY) use “nlnsént (TELEPHONY) “Ahiléinycuzesils ayiyyalmmninnsentialseine ase (WF, eo) dduaysunnadusndlitigaumieneattinterh “trast une “Instn Bhamenwan sosoydiugninsnarnnientnssina dalluAla asonndor nw inrinalulndé Aatuaciin Wihuniensesrivh “Ines” une “Insait Wigninundumendonnusemeld naulmias unclnaainn WA. weale! f9 on 0 sinuwoAafimuacnmumsollvanietatudotmumulanech Fglusltuinrstions Tnnasunelnatniludinwmsfifanagnreuvuiinen (ABSOLUTE MONOPOLY) fi¥gus\ Gioriommomhduntivinalammactmdwl uithesfinnn « vunendiufingvane “THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT 1934 seanvigeainy ALU vinnmaneatrd “Ina” “latin wilauiftenigeuinuthalreannivingmnesiy COMMON LAW Saueusudefiwamewosmal gue dlungyaneitaeetinemnennm STATUTES dahudedmabwtugnsaemmeims manu geudiniiiion oui Wtivveumuaciinsnuctesiion: “Ings” asx “LnsAvoi” qn WESTERN U. TELEG CO.V. HILL, 163 ALA 18, 50 SO 248 uaz Af CENTRAL U. TELEPH CO.V.STATE, 118 LND. 194, 19 NE 604. 4 Sionsdrmor Lafnuian, dhauda inh oae-ove Sarwan ap uit maatmauesuse mre! nA ees TaiyAliiol sanan @ iguienssVdesurstndenitsedntyes uscrhnlnnasune nsdwinwlusree ia dnae shinnstinusoulfivinublryctdlnnas ana » mvlursernninssenn Mnsullaedilnaesiiiniuarnhiuigdealuduites (6) Hviusssigsiviaastnnsuse Ineamfohunta 9 Sofguunditununa (oe) Fusrunctenrunie viersemsamtenuenlugWiauvieliin werhianrvedrduite manacismslnaanelnasint (a) fu hy as uazdonousranmunenserianrseruedhsdunnedaéuizaunn stneinmtelnant snussiiey torte dy uaengAiguunt atu” Ineanar © (w) wks neunrsienruintcinetny na eee rr cnauliawdlnnen” itA Df we auf « on ‘Viera #0 vn tnqelnasunclmawifitoltionrhith Aléferanelhyrendliveynpmial ‘Wutimaurijdnduiidnsmsiunnitwdeatunsdiiumsosigg? ornely waulnansune Tsu 1A. tecoier aUAtumiiyrdAbtgeranan tem alfliuinrslrnuatunclnanSuoyaAlA AuduMiqgalhwannn « uve wiululswild ne. weco® dafungnnetisemalatul enti uaembenusadigmbedesiutnontasiiinatelnany Inawt uschlswdd doe WUE WA waco! AAV E agro murtighunnet iiumabiyana baw didee ddumnnngraneiismnaaelliyersduena aot sebiuionlnawaclnsémimadunntiutnns Thuig Anfang] AMlontouts AMlAtyeAMungrarcliswehs viofamiomriactees sown of unis wauTMantuae lA WA, eee! inuMaPusongMNE (TRAVOIR PRE- PARATOIRE) wiihilitintinwlwdidlminstininduwhannsy a aetidovtanadays Tmatamfeltctaaiarnier annie “narfoerrsuviedseinalina” une Irena?) ox uid msaieednebroanohiiabsuiatie 1A, weet His saslumadinaay” Iinnwils “asdnralnadwviudodsenalne” “anean of aiutermentunyq mane tiiriynnala Dbty vheFaalzsorslnnnavielnedwniitladieite anelurrseaindos etdies Inerhinun dou tsiax iReituphortaatTean web uRctuatun2s Sernnn ee us woullnsiid Watexas Vilyeyalised canary a Ihoeitnovigiaey efuterveyqyelnsvendusesty dedyyn unzcdouteraly vfo Mushemeyanstunsdhine (o) Viteiihnsllswcdeilreumiveynemdunelusige dos (i) bids sha Bed weubbectesianaemstuuensiomatahecty (o) Wifturnaa brent! sRasleunntvewidd elm sildeyaratuhmemsanend [e) Dhienwesratuvalentishununer Reulg ine bkoulunwmsse nya” Sioa & wratinedd ne eee Wi yRA sane © ipnanretitvdursantemites dam shiswitd usssothtonturwdtdmeturse ins Srurnitvennae vind Siingussmb Banna hemde unesibinn etree wastfganuntichy saunas usctinbivitamasie 7 duos wiy sous de su usedeulelsectevtnbrany Sexo us: ik nnakuieiotiinn wlurwsid Wilzeoamturnefeengsn smut naaLlmnanactnrtin 1. easa iii emo anadningnunusnmnmnnein using unuiiengy yaus (MR.RENE GUYON) ongyaneavadiane dadunsssinmundhengsunetredsatssaneloo¢ Branitanans uurerradalimiwomrasigouiumagnnafeniinstint (unclnsanwren) Vasiow muna nanioninadtul wet. eee! italian wauadinslmanviuielasineine aornyA Whanen & (0) fimueliowimalmdmieacindannmmdanimunutuyannduaton vornetmilmarni® unenian naunrdosruralseme|lne we. econ Wiliyeialy Yuowiens* Aifodnimonianmn « wie wauosinlntimiuialzeinellny wa beetete/ UNEINAT? ao win WauUNTAMeRTIUVaIsNlNH WEL woe vefladutungmaretyl Feninngyaneirh ae eniannmn & uve waulynatuasInsil we. exo Ventolin: yanlienadzanghifhndinngnenelvaianinngyaner tuflmnerrad sennusrananit aahiufiomabivimalnsnnenls usidonanentindomanenomngnanwostimslnsent uvuszinalneusengmnenndernuviasemnalne sifulsdingmnevisnasntiuduaios thtviennlfulpenguinemauuversmdine Wiviokunnteautenganeiine naman Winn ngpnufinruvmaradatslaanl) “rawwiorweanluoygnaliyaeala 9 daundaahysqwhnntnnes mplmdmiftadvdamslunensoroniinsarnl® Tauitbotadwua kur assautuumsudmnudontn guar” tu anefeny your Viksindunmbtueyqnatindnbuse dice downey ymlimiiteian msm Weseimmutwn nniliwddlmasaiiuirduesdtueyyniinbumnntsledutnle umfedatudulumetiniils oemenrariedmneaiuduys ayn wltartoslnnamvdelnsAnvivewnl Anirmsesty Fohunnuhenguaeasllultare us ndiyeimdlegin Of nan o uit nauesinelnarniuialrsinllny Wace) Wiicyaliaed sana a Roshxdumamuinglrensstinsinobuannn » vesknelnedimiienrse nie Sebravansehumaiiensnmnsamgumusegstalring rs (e) auneenatemmurinpnndy imerlsslembadAenemsesinslnalwt sankonandxiuifuctounte Sorfulurbrobudounteciyanale 9” ofan oo wh naummernudnieinelne WA. oroe Uilyeialtael sanan oo hlnviemnwinlreinalnaiienrenreritianrens ymetuseusivinglen 9 3500907 wncdnurududritbtiaute () tumanunfemmuriynnsty Hour lomiunishanrsvesnfermuiairemalne surimatats Furrurofesulurbrofudaunteaayennte 7"ear DA we auf o on AgnanenradermniwemdongmneMeemtutasoundauntdautenieuslunrsdnmouTen dutmunavingiesesaain wombesuhaéemeneramiestlathe daungrne Tnnuasunetnstinvfithingmaneusiumtdiyeirinmandinsoem ad uiafionrstnateauaelnaant Hmatiglamnanaomnaiannl® wirduscrnsduinrauwo sie utunrlraamuselnsaan unrhrmunlnaiphfuhilumaydarauncencive nnd nfotor natulraasunelnadtsiaths undiqyAfi@verosemaaiindauia erivacy) soefdednarsd ut wanbietnandayaguyenn useigovayquvierrsonow iin Inelatiiawactveaslie? Matiacali uniyaenanan & (>) ute wiuasintalnstnviuvsussindlne Wei wae uacuntiqmnanan a0 () uve waunatosruralisinalne nA weoe fingmnobnlszinmiduatuswestindn agmnolniuninngmnarhieaiy waa o uae o@ uve n3.usseinslnaainuvis rneineline We eweo uae a uve WauNidesureusenalns We. weow Willa JusostMendinngmanedubachuiiin aud tungrnetindedatievtotniungmneiivinty wfondviéniemie naulnancunclnséiwl 1.4. coro Sensléstomumelriy linn Tousory ngwaneredansdimalmantuvinisinelnevsengminteMamsdodrauvislseanalnes® xa Panam cw wisigermyquakeMeiurdnlny ynstniw wren Wilyegiliaatl saner ete ypnndeniiatiintunrrtearsteruletm sFeeutungsmne moanays natin sienna son whyanadiavief ats osatinne Fenratudtem atom oyna Renato scireMls ciuudlede wosnvse waunsiyriRuvongraneam ee ine wrnmuteutoonfehesrsdumsenkessy wemorowenaushuassests" . Shon @ use se Wh nauevimsinarwfisinewnntnn Wa exes Tala enbenredulamotiangyte “anon @ duriulditnuncrmiugiadtutadnlabtoninureamnpmw ng usetodorudy 9 tu Fedudtodosarivmnionsse ently tutors sn0n1 96 maze miylnasuse isi! ynaeiea ware uncuriming Falohy : iid taitaruety) seiRasilldites nalyaaldadotunres avygatune ayn seufiiryep ada tunres rm ao tiyaish lusiauititounetn HU ecinvemmusionss mtd auigasAtnnnsusclntiny nnatierg texte som «wis neunitemnsinizinelne Waites sana @ nicrimiiysiAllreti ynsine7s weld m2 ForiviuTideenmumssr mgygpils Tudmuii van lunediduncn strane Winstditosiwiels! sang Hediotritinufoudormityaiiudonsesrouiygadbo Bo serstimand & (b) uve wauosimslnsAwrurelzsintine We, wa'etes UNeHIAT oo (>) UNO WAL. matosriuvalsemalne net econ Miuntigilfifidianan (MARKET ACCESS) tion Ghanhunsuimalmennmealnenss urithundiyyitistiawtnalnadnriuvolssanelne uazosdonaunsenalnesraniomundainnunlilunniauseulesnaniaienaes audinalnawmiuvindzenalneussn naan unyvaeinalnenrinsts Mabivaonimbeviunieh desmunislultinudsstuvinumesengranewas AoquasaedwongmnenltnAvtulisanndosiiucionunniciludeyin Guifalenangynass, srananfie nando wenungnanemliivatieg EXISTING LAW) Vinroungatasomanaot ‘wihyiulitobitusla bauseudulosi en tienentidymen waulmiasunclmawt we wots AqyifAdulnetinqusenatitetansos enuituncactgyslaudsoreuunnaiiannn Uneroruncueovieuuinwghowarig uncer marnviyioanrliladtuvnssiue™ HAA Rare Nunewtusormer nd doiglnfunnsarigtoyguaitulernetiannutenmwrn ‘Wuimalnseam en fof Malena tuuaniianaiasugfauasdomunonadauration > foatiut of duduadildoybalagtte urliguindldmiumsbitinautlongmanemadumousoonseuy Maha HollyingmnowsianaingvanethiyyAt una Iaquaes duncan winadkerh nis daVrinanandunsossowhenatiyid aturoumwinguasavfsomnratigtAingraneadusnly psounadoamumschuaculenerosdevtmatudeyinlintebiviedta Invsindlanir FWliwonermoniteh “hiimamnehgidnnelunsdaningmny @onnuts paenssumanmedimmangpise edie butoorsn) oe binlaowitaushumsvuowne anaiialinl’ (...17 IS EXPECTED THAT AN AUTHORISED INTERPRETATER OF LAW WILL NOT CHANGE AN APPROACH TO ACCOMMODATE A NEW CONCEPT.) uaz “rsh dna rntunevesigdenathmdnitionhSauithaorumsoi: Baldeunlas (T I FOUND THAT THE SECURITY IMPERATIVE STILL PREVAILS EVEN WHEN 2 Qumaturmamunsnesiniamentieesunronwes vievinnetenausiytrntyannlled wrana 9 veilan omnldimaulesnestany usealypfingunebineunadonmmlinaninety Aniutahull uavrantnlrondinsciesiyputangmns wWevkenelingunued bnluscondinngmnentiiis lneriyyh ‘Whgunnelvnituntignitatutuermualinwslasseanelulstuacamumsnimsrsghquasteuterasion:2 we arti » be THE SITUATION HAS BEEN CHANGED.)* {ied0lAsuslus wo Tela 6060 iuyavrnensaunrinqufimbudeanabivints MONITOR SERVICE 909 REUTERS os REUTERS reves aenieniahaenmsdasaudalssinaine wtodowoset fowitanoyies REUTERS ussqnéyay REUTERS Wolduinniu-se uanldeuteys dav 4 wiAod Lnniliemiuarienhanssins Soysnowndimind amenrsunnngysmienwtwh nacht ‘ifosiaeadam of wie wsulmmatuaclnatin! wel aero’ Gord “iteldtos" anemia Ag{MUibianntudoltinih walter siootenalnnadsia Fotinnsinan of cduunen’ uasondiniald mnafianalmentner rian a Safierenseriilh Geos ureune Astotunmbatearnied “wining uvan ae nungranesiey AAU Mawaresetiare AgmnelwdinwnueliisanaXasfivamunriol (LIBERAL FASHION) uslbiowfiexfavauiuil spn . Pee — = * manentiy uneniMremnpmnioiianalnatiainunceamainws wmuaisavanus nvaannangagmervreliintonsvorionsinsnyralto sans adaveownienssumanqy gm nowfvormafinnalansitn (neeicedn) aetftungraneenan dhonnaayaclfatietatia ngmenelnapaaneailaetraostiaeds “Inquzautnoungmae” (LEGIS RATIONE) iiutentiy ngmnwengrnteli% ‘baleduigeuunennditennsivimstimdiemangmneiis guigaenangyane Stevia radttlniamslinianangmne — luninnatiinslienangmnedindnn sh ngwanefiiaumisAy GUS COGENS) Ehiuntistuiknern noah AhtioulAtilrw’? ufos '** SUDHARM YOONAIDHARMA, “ROLE OF LAWS OVER THE COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF THAILAND OPERATION.” APPENDIX A. IN FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF THAILAND. THE REPORT UNDERTAKEN BY TDRI 1993. AT. A-GA7. (9° THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL INTERPRETATION IS THAT ONE MAY UNDERTAKE TO INTERPRET LAW IN A LIBERAL FASHION, BUT MAY NOT DO SO WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PRINCIPLE. ANY EXCEPTION TO THE LEGAL PRINCIPLE MUST BE STRICTLY AND LITERALLY INTERPRETED, THIS REASON OF THE JURIDICAL COUNCIL MAY CAST SOME DOUBT ON THE VALIDITY OF SUCH AN ASSERTION. THE DOCTRINE OF LIMITED INTERPRETATION APPLIES MOSTLY IN THE CRIMINAL LAW. THE REAL VALID QUESTION IS WHETHER THE TELECOMMUNICATION LAW IN AND OF ITSELF RESEMBLES THE “LEGIS RATIONE” OP THE CRIMINAL LAW OR NOT. SEE SUDHARMA YOONATHARMA, LOC. CIT., AT FOOTNOTE 77, P. A-19 looq mya uecgiit, dusstnumnafdastuiduaiungwaneral Aang & ngsunns leat sTuMARE, weno WH entunf niifiiur, dhauiis wh wosa ae) DA we atlui « boon manslruntarinlnadneriialslies’ rousoemansersd mal insaninde? Wabi mafamianwisncinietinguassvsemngmne (RATIO LEGIS) wharhinnevnmeudyn Tao shufaumanaa dy 9 Usenouunniinanlay bitin adyeaingranedts 9 safnaniamand Alumtiudingmneiatae soudumaiermngianety dimnangmnvsetosiveney shdmsauae funn evinquantornaalsmnentormicaNclsosngmntlaehiarentoeumis wisthosiauminarnivh oftumaenfoniecls unsegtingranedasumla mntangrane wmmutiungmanetidoernadiotudsenhstgiuuont — Suthungmneriineiioudon mafienaseforriatinavsslomldauyaannnhatatvndselostionsy Auenertfonny Viera tulungeneummiindadwunenchs Reswifceuuusendinngwne Flogidlomaimaaanngmnents fieretEoanramaelluscucfitiyangmanesiy tele saolunsinqunsesstiqiingvanelusueAtypangrenents Tneraitstlodemaictsentimies maunygiiy nailes uasitonn sanfoteiienidn 9 nannthsTananvanesdensnsuncey Foon fktausavieg utlssnauiae usc lsemagaronienedteamanaollusnettingmne utae iningnaiand ate glume’ feruiusarnfosunsian wasn: MraMaNgwsM TEAMENTUNTaNgUAN AAR UQKRoOMUMANAAR INAS Femquath ana of uve naulinaaunelnatil ne wea fuuneni SeMouaralneedeain donidy waulmnamuactnarint wet eco faiietdungmneansuiiasudeunstY vimalnsranreanoriquastinsosdndchuyarsnosiuinilramuslnarin’ ngmneatut dibidwniglanayngndrvlumaandiiumonhermuiew pene wor wetrany Insel Vottousclomfrernonaamulned aura uonvindingyaneatutlduthungranatiziunasdins monrqnéntas naatenungmneaduldetvinnulanedisesn daumsimwngmneeran forRoaiinruTauindandatundomsannunmevesngmnserguesdndaunia dou ‘eolnyn unceaie, drags wh eae. usveung niiidus, sheds, wh ene, eS FR nmin, ngmarwuni ni ferardusslanant eeuniGinnand (sonumani); eeee wir vp-sts ee lunAneaehaRgyetmstianand GSmaumnnndlitneiarmslduacnsienangyeth AanBentau Wh ng ann pais nerur erebe @rumstieant unaniniiflenavtuiosiuenenssunrangufimasltetiomaunah waulnaneuaclnatw Newco WELehsnnnd @o Duda uneTayuneluladludrunadoaralnsmmnlh styled andhaaan dts mnmiooufivintontwhuntigeiow waulnistuay Twit ne. erie laidadnaeionneaiununielioiuliAvenmeiyiamtasnaly- Tsdtutrutiforenteut wiulninmusclitit we. ecoo Uiviuieéitudeld dion unenaiiienntuhannlafieliinautengmned naar wlasenuermunentuia, inanson erat uitirigeethulaoulemuuashisanmedongmnution “uauitilene FrmueduseDwulerretirmatuitanad nem dwmsslunisanrics smnéshla, Aimanenlennedtulusinadungmneliiénmusiaiunstitlumnulenneuda eens dhilivasig ooinatafmenshadunnbiiduluennleviiitires4 Aydumnengyne duidovnanwiinenanegiovIN (THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE) xnnherwnssnordOo%y (THE WILL OF THE STATE)" A0digunaezfonuosauilengmmneliinaiwnolnesa DAtiqemarengynetyzvuereadoen"® (SOCIAL CONTROL) sonnwrasdoea lh aldeuulashy ngmnefaiieredbimnmimSUiiAuae ewan ey hlaivadutowulls eeA sarc ele unease Tngriiae) “uwanrratefignatoarutgsrrangeuacuece tiline” waa Rilerand TF cc whut @ Muu terion oh a, eosntunt nities, trad, wih eee eotumangugaguanutunsttinnfinnnded 2. ngwine Re “@faaflatowliswuuias” (LAW AS INSTRUMENT FOR CHANGE) Ye ngvnchevtestontiots Faygeudiens saistderatuulasnn munition vo. ngvanu Ae “dafluw” (LAW ASA VALUE) vinucfinestingusnnier fiurfins one fi sdutlder avfiontevsessthadingen puinnunrsviunnsugnufaranterelien downnalserste jo. ngming Ae “uiasioumn” (LAW AS A PRISM) Finusdwevingmneme “wlaciounn Sursalrandmniierns ue sk waunerimnndslante vanessa as «. ngyina Ae “dawndouosTandldunudaslalgrasieny” (LAW AS A PART OF THE WORLD THAT IS TO BE TRANSFORMED TOWARDS DEVELOPMENTAL ACHIEVEMENTS) Yinusqevieneyi sulttval (MODERN STATES) delEngvarnudadiyrih vie nguanvluplés dhudoundevesrumnndumndn ahuwelugithonnufimadenn Re “nevimny” 2 Raauy ane, “ngmaneriumeninws” nvanstteraad OF om ai 2 funn eee whee Df we otluii « be npnetiomnsald naviniwnte ngmoutuefosorosigtunabivnatonlene (LAW IS AN INSTRUMENT TO IMPLEMENT THE POLICY) fli uni7ivI WBN Satytiudaiwos inmiaine dy emmian waulmaomuaslnstil WA wea aevihulisngmans AtLIMAioruaTfew vo O TnniielalsinrauMlataataurod rls” tusries¥mwinaes inelulad ¥inannsed wsaniFauncduantirnRbioanaouanlefenvala fufienranely, NquuashomalnstiofiegmelaersuanmusasostnlmAwturalsnalny wfofenrsta Fogmelinr ns uenousaonnadaansunatseine nario fnlyyriavin alms mattseum Iniojmelterntuinsoutomaarnla oudalnsanruralsemalnelatuimalnsars Wincuentaunvanqeginile Maraiamengmneneutonfovrmallsyddlmaclud 1a wees hh wiinslnsient Insma tutudauniiovovinlmaalaniannnennaTe snanauryranusenauiiy CCITT RECOMMENDATIONS fiviiy yetuliheangmneny Tefvegilitmmaliimbeomnfoasinana aids moun unuvauenmAsenanees Vinvinebimiunwladngatanveubivims devbitytoteutcimberusosiguvisla seadivanisusinnla usemiwnureriptonananafrbinnnaoneltvinaludnwneros maudstuadiiautistel® wsen don ravinlssnelnedslaiisevanedotiemelwuseine dadu, sevuirtosh ema atimslnsanvudonlssaneltne TnethesugfosocuseinalisenetzedasionSaunedoualiuimalnsanurenne enti Tnroatrodugatunaviannuraygie. qnarmnsaunemndiaensay usledinralnseimturolss- ineinelanaraaneustuasiannaiiosn todd vinrslMongAbimarintiqmarmutnns Tropaonenll donald wa eerees uncAmenssamanqesMlltinrnutaneutenta woanaenaaeearnad) madhutdn BELL CANADA INTERNATIONAL CO, veiw mmiiagioisnam ants Inannssudufanalnsrnvioauae tiosénslmanvuvalsemalnetio ‘©THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT 1934 vesauigeafnatlien wld haieatumaren ey nein: unclvatin! na nrat slanigeadsiulleas THE COMMUNICATIONS ACT 1934 ‘aera sfutirs manisedorsaacersisigythanieannlulad reifooreuungmmanesmigantmathieta COMMON LAW piaingmureinwty dhinamervesmabb Brsunsiinnns Hu oor whi uninty naulranmusclmant we, wae odhelafinn aniensmnrs nope Wiles aatuSusueure (ADVISORY OPINION) 7h winiguradinnausasinad win naa@rafotuennises BELL CANADA cenedosfiuuTennusasiguiquscssduuselontsio fiamazedimaainfsonsemadtadauraudfnrm ar autlangmne waubmunsusclraan! wales: dalsemaldsnutucaerwmaud snnnnqmsnlftinanasitialAmiaun sors hintaabivina lmao suoat Lanne natosnraliinstinaeiorslivinals dnistumaemtuyutovinn fanaulmenrensesigth miwomnosiguionisdudutavowetufernmsementy, Amioutugaane? mndeionmdhindaamqufise Dumsaanielunnzenaduyaninis Usenet unbinafiniesuests Amand antamanunodamulunstiyins molinsusniiombonusrighmonvintisuilvisnmvorhevesngmns (Loop HOLE) viotionsuamninthuinalneaien dsloondnnrudaiwennuiostatininn Trinanenmianan of wie waulnaamaslnsdit nA. noe minsmnesigyhinosuvets ‘Ususawulenelnnmitivinnlmennenmsenns shumquatn naiimaenusosyy Vdurontimmonmdhantivinn inna nniidaunsenusorwlasermiaerwasig ith imalmimnnan Ataeeiilécheinauunufimaonswteshebiiumiasmmosygssgniy ananadudhqunnaaienosmevansulnuglivimadtostunneludauil tuudorendvliiy Slivinsiliiuusslenteannelnmaimenemosaselwieuvreanusei nauatvee vimaiuloviebtionmdanudsiylumsbivimslmaniian daludtedadutoouflongiane Tnetitinunrandunrenanhetiaiindtimaninsesiaity uscdndvoodnsnawiuninan fouqarhiy qua miduiufenlnsnnwinna al Df we auf o bos ee aie a ow maaamvossnsna whim wieuauTAuqua Twente) wet wenger {elAiisrnniannviunge waulrassunclnavl * . eos we... Invensnangranedalneuetngs “aaznsmumamidemsiniena” Ttioasnana = finifimuqariafuguafiemslnsaannenlns adenine . dnstunmaygnabtiensws rings uscramalias Tnséifuselnsmnen te aman uionalananreniscinnleoyluarnduansousososdnalnstivais aneinalne vie nsfonsuvaueenalne 0. famanuamgnamaunieneieatiunalraanuyes frmwmnmagmauaemfnunnusflunnsttuimalnsenw en frmamoudensehassautiemsAnanvalnannw mauncr vin seudulaeanareat «. « ». Hhmunulorneunsummdinn slime reas a of. Fontsfieygalaqainn nstlittemvonfifaminnsuimalmanwien &. Riraondardwlafiteatumalnsnaeanian don ndulannfinnciguuntuoy yan enatongmaned Frhnualtenensaan aniston auvsmnaillascat ance smuaenay ail AoligaouRt horansens manna wdken-wansaums Ypauaddwsanvanens zone #USuounnefuzenseonysan uaemaunTasenoutellaememeeNniAN eA memnumiags wenn emenmnamannaiasygfiwuscdimuaner A iamBnvsane neaamannufim gmeqanydnulmennendn © we uacttodulinliawddtnaentn norma YM € quan muieluGeaniaedvestnine ladon wo Tada widlesrnmavinulannaniniies duuatulennemendnadbisinitins gr Unediivloa min’ waa ngunn:uidn Jaren o®enertian pawn (inden), juliann anni pains, “rucnesunran ete sun soni Sarin, aes wh 9-00. eviurvieylunaudtata n2a.tmnawsetnsrwl WA weccie Savilaunsennsbe Bornstanand ‘bahefusrnnemaunmimstesunenad affatmanah’® duramayneedse” ‘Tuflovaemiaemmnasiguin (GOVERNMENT AGENCY) ifissusinldeusuraynensinns dosrauvintseenalneuacootmslnaemfurnlene ine lug igaurdunsrAvsosd magna pvogesiaga 219 nauuilaMuusuondanwglviny (OPERATIONS) wndunemsbily aygymussdrwrveonseifiuunginowl (LICENSING AUTHORITY AND REGULATORY POWER) TAiiiffatosunnhnemindombarumelddetintensinres MunouMelAs Srwrwporluaygnouncontmdudathch enensmman nado uve ala uNoumne IgA yilrfeauearintiugua (REGULATORY FUNCTION) wansinilsengyanentiutésinviaunatn ngminedn “ynna’ainasiiazeiaduludistimuithudie (NO ONE SHOULD BE JUDGE IN HIS OWN CAUSE) foie amar aom mune aNamulsanswantuaygnn fienzaseon aeufiounginoit unsfionsawsedutenwin Feoadnatiugoantuoygnn binrsfesuthaijeruqa nffuguadessanseedeunginnust shnfunseifuilsinnndigidenunariad ane ngmnudnesosludosmmtteriasty noniencifiounewinneszlombwnewuacnnslembionowiy Witusevevuinasoegluuule, wnibernwAivanoutiothambeemrorty. chwiuoeinfeonkuoynnaunceannginoastnaums migniufiamalmesnrenmaguuuuseaialantidumiwerusasig venviniiacenian mnflosrauvict id athuookimamangmnenerest Also melt ulg Biladwtosinary asd TeUURTIIMAUUAECOIARS TWIN (BALANCE, OF POWERS) Inguuuuresheums dwha- Sie uscrhemsainas donntunvalnesaammniiniidiig (L'ETATE DE DROIT, RECHTS- Dunvalnsasifecngmnedalne) IglATusosyvesastind STAAT, RULE OF LAW) simmaserrmuslaigornyg user mualtnsinadnnihieheunesesaaninurinsins usm mspalss99 wlonnuaeloniisnomnis (PUBLIC INTEREST) Tiiveainfingyanasi ae Trengranefuninunaniiimmuanisrruasiorlaiumamieioturausngunusas ahernaudnningliplsowhenatignlauts dhotetiqnlafselioumneltitanamasansn sonngvanedAuses (DELEGATED LEGISLATION) tugusesngnsensael8 ovetunns Sb gfmonminsmawineinwniaksnguveinenunn $4n os lssisnsnn nangrea WaLiake> davintnudniiniansen nana wata el Tf we alii o be UpTArwrowweinmey suduAesiinsenngmanedvinonheumene 9 uaa eatyn Sovvinvtounemaviutariavintyiudaunngyane (RULE-ADJUDICATION) weuiinnriava0k FuhdwnreAindunitindnw rena uollauerautiusdudaeuseodiernaresitestin atta Ine Fosiiwleanbyst sewed eunasstuunerheonuogasoniany slowtassexn®ongyare Geoonlneignm Tat uiocbiehounniosis mnihededndndt as findurewhnanoudaetla Turnanath iduanienramsérinsanigs (cc) Wiudhwiwernngranelunsiieer nun, Forntistootrebtungntay Builosmwnmmuindulumaemaaeagnths taigadelminns nove mavfoaIMT (QUASLJUDICIAL) ‘VWiurdenlnazaatindedutne’ douragennsdy AlAs ifiniPiuiowinenauiits. emeshelnesartdutadosttdmmaiede | dawneaene) ‘Vifinaagniosmandineununaieniofidvoss (DUE PROCESS) mangmneineses ahs Hin rasosthenrasuendutinsanfifhing (RULE-MAKING) Hatanssannciifticyeda (REGULATION) uneBAnsauilumsiiads (ADJUDICATION) wieiiinstAMaqeaN Tail fieatench QUASIJUDICIALS* ndinnrafiiuse0 tre winamungnaneunsavsas medida eyihAnsswrfunguass Shwnwhiinatvon MedeltongWivilungmnemeqetiy oiigvenen Tenure npmneuiem ludhwvanthienaiwpnaligdaliyrsetontens uvituméuervtet maeiumpleuthminnmheitudubigniosicmnangnaidimalseiusBeniiancis naman gnoT —usennnsaUMaAaTaBgnssclsdauroNMMEdenggnaral inliisaw wfosonmnegennenwltes usetudausoangmaneiaamuity. gntreiaetudwene Suifloanmnmahnuiienathimsdohadwnnunulaminnunrunadibignaes fies Fosgnornironmenasaumanentunnunn’® mngntndaliinatesod sso seh qnozeisosane mannnontinnums fearimbamtugnmesonmarnall mnandnnniigossaynaetia Andiainwaoner wuleamTdandraliihaga ns waounatddmrasd wun 91g, HANDLON V-TOWN OF BELLVILLE, 71 A 2D 642 (N.J.1950) SeAdviigal aetna “Danes nagn om auscn eA auguainsswhudeninses” vanes Bi too att © fun wkoe Wh eee eat. oe qurey ona wheliesonipane erate abe wit dssmanienmaonelny Gesmamunsasizonn (axial ob unwH weer)xo Braesitnnnd (heuneies) aundinnuusdawiwarty (SEPARATION OF POWERS) duifhunA79 sounesheqad are soviulseiuilagmeteduneh surayninniveglusionmnienussiguie view iudend wayne mnm den ruvisdaeine neuscoodmalnarnvuindzenelnelgiguuatity ‘Iuchudlulaisrsonsinewhlssnauuarlerestasmasanensannanndesnuvena witli Srwnaynamegfacensaina Alsryenatvsemter aseiuslaani®e msviéwwrynarn annnayfiecensaunayativemunqeiin (RATIONAL) wield Luduuanssuiuladinasieaa anensaumayadtanlantingsesaditvimntfeonssfieungincss (REGULATOR) al ‘Wiiaitifimalinalgiainna (OPERATION) faileciFulAthemenssumagailalaficnreynenn Ing uediaenoun ante Add mraynmamanmelumativinaivsaanzorimadane vimadarselomfanimdudunransenumeselonfenaguilaa (livin) saumatinne naaumagpiiiéwastanaliswureqaiiiig (DISERETIONARY POWER) tunifmuadinaM, sosi{Usenourativimalmnanranlaanlde fin ausenounsiiued nein ranslnan eta mamnugmaniiusoutaunquaniol. usenila. tuuseviuilidiouunenaiierainh Tneflaeuunrsdomslmanwendithilutoctinguingthide (TRANSMISSION) uazloofl ndwingurdneinsoss Aside (LIMITED NATURAL RESOURCES) sioyaiqi Tmoranrmcewrolieind exci Tivrasthuinan ae aaitunntiassluntvnadaingta Subwdosiniviiuasiadsiarnd faciuwrioliifianiunsnatevosiuing (INTER- FERENCE) uae 7fivyosrnadaoniiesosn rndiulutoyatieafidsrmandwingasanitouns fe Seer enstaldiangranefeaugafemamabivimalrmmedungmnemoumaraestis datungmnedrmmadieafumadrantimumunsqurtumansygivnsiaynananisy (oxinatrntisesighuheunars) desanFauimamennifeinmunesossasigeniliia nraaldeonudaslasadtaetugamenadiouacmavdenudastureuungmnesasiy dons guile nitinsfvlunnstunlsetvnrmmiqatumarsyghin won orients igihmbntvetiag dasinnrmuviquiulamarsgfvatnwiaios I9Ssmb Moor udunaltiesemiansay Jghoainmnafomnemitumsiamalgmmuarsygienindwamemh Fgimistisluns Sostuunranaritiqudsbamadennunense mon raastgytamarsughsaantuvateyngina dinky Sgdetudutos Aud mremangvaneladulsetiummlunsursnusomaasygtio $479fl we aft ne Urmngtagusosmagnnamaheumamamygieualssim maaiucyamatadunnsme Aaughoronone maaindninnusflansusenougshieuwuseumrdarnaussnaunane raughounstinunetes vite Vifinenauttatvorlzenay Trsontrsunedssrent ease sinanaastinitad souqurhfuguafemilmeannien ddeuumaradl Mienetaseusteulerest ove cosdnanana AUintutwieinaeie 9 prusomMadern enwgfeunenrafiasfusinetlseneerio Thmegluuulassatovassarinanmlimnccriudmmineulenuzoims oxfnsnertsndidy Aipluvure 9 donoasdinnulaiiiaa 9. owinananafidiunraenaaanafidhdasefisoruetlaqaima (NDEPENDENT SEMI- JUDICIAL COMMISSION) 'e. aednsnenufithenenthennsnsamaniedaynnadlsiunnuisdeeutins (N- DEPENDENT COMMISSION) @. pwfinnansvkumiaeswwaeeseutiny (GOVERNMENT MINISTRY) 9. axfinsnarsfiuanienssunrsidudarsisaqustaqainis (INDE- PENDENT SEMI-JUDICIAL COMMISSION) Tereatrovosnnienssamamnaguuvuts (MODEL) 3gurarcurisfonmuensauna lg witofinguene wodlnnwlinditnghittetetoduduansed agludesnrsantonnia Tuayarm Foc seientififeHouuntitourtudnynicederumstinludurn acusnssn- iSérurstunnaoonty mofeeitudaseannmssenifios_ nnuenvaunvalugiluuutlorsysiiv’ yA” urheed wreturad err mMMMlennento quan anleneduramt ease enanay Taquuvutiesiienaiaven (TRANSPARENT) sninnetninenstagluvads woniniituns Sadhasinanensihitearimuntoel wine raneneaumawhasiuanoulumadsunissoam (ACCOUNTABILITY) Gnisunirgluuurasosfnsdu 4 aadnmnaremaguvutlasifuasdina eA arwaitntienn qa Gilnawns “Snr wAndewhutontiannmumanregiy” ranstaenans i to aah unin ete anh ecta-octaab —_ Daserstinned monlngtetoshpanniusommondudarsindwsuventoutins eety dotosly suysesnogeaanlunichiiuens shodvesososfnaluguuuull Wari FCC (THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION) ust: CRTC (THE CANADIAN RADIO-TELEVISION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION) aigouion FCC unas Maen riciaaqadtwie (BALANCE OF POWER) 77710 dhwigim (CONGRESS) unethevwralentheswBum (PRESIDENT) 3gamAquapiossins nmrafilaemsAvrsouaeyimevsenn —Tuenuefidaolses Buse uANostnina stile nruusemorcensainn dousenulaenssanydwe @ Au densi NTIA (THE NA- TIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION) divi) mb flumstunuleresohersnratelt Foc dilutes lulumanlenne ©. avinsnanviilssnoudwanenssunrsnamyenailayunrsusivas anntlwuiwi7 (INDEPENDENT COMMISSION) wvoktaredcd MERE S NIAC Auk lntekivens ble ieurraust plunusontuestnanared weiter unaumeoan wuts eflAunsuita aefiirwliqaniiatdowtonthe puuvsossdnaludnwocesiulvngluuy OFTEL 19 aymamontin uithia DIRECTOR-GENERAL ‘¢lifurmusistovinigauaddinviniensys nvstouneqnennnys (SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY) Ul OFTEL (OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS) Alinax nasmelAserin sewhuviwis (NON-MINISTERIAL DEPARTMENT) OFTEL fidviinswthivoonmtovay anelanrsiuliyinves Do OFTEL tuduwsn DG OFTEL Alaaanluaygreliiatann Tranmuren foonluoyqrnfo SECRETARY OF STATE Tnsoanluayqramnduusiisos DG OFTEL sosimenid SECRETARY Troumnedniwtunioantueyqnaliir’ DG OFTEL athelsfimn SECRETARY ovafinoowlueygril DG OFTEL \ugeanlé DG OFTEL Wiudtwremungmnelumsnuentiuluoyniaduiumimtoulumutel ayane TumadustilWinrudeiuedatuonn OFTEL sefousenemrinncusnaaNNTT mruRporayninmusesaéhi. (MONOPOLIES AND MERGERS COMMISSION) « dusrrausod e dnvivavénanaedlétunnausdstugUasonmensauneit wafivlAen AUSTELa 4 Df we ativil an (AUSTRALIAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY) AUSTEL ifuoséinsiininem Miusoormiay anenysunames AUSTEL Usenauiaeniseo i @ wan uaesnndudin wie assanninsinumanwaufiigaund (MINISTER) Ubunzan Inoigaintidugurladonne nasunes Taptivenensawmaze: AUSTELE fb ww igauntrenoumnenleuieuae Famaliul AUSTEL uiolumuiunnsiaiquleu Tee AUSTEL fémunewiailunnataain mrutstiumslivimelmeatinna fnmiaasununantiny (NUMBERING) oonlueyg~ een eatleumatnunetin uaeshatunradartlhidhulumangrare (ENFORCEMENT) “1 a. axsinaneansfitumiausuuasihuudws (GOVERNMENT MINISTRY) a * den " iw a avdnainaelaguuviifivaninanereAinmstuluusenanivias waskuth dh) innit knanblidiensh eral abate vos ovininansiifadhudaunivsawhoutws dtu ooAnanewluguuvutieeatadeinwocdy Aasevindwremunnaiias leh @ nangTAN oacee WwaritutlVuriwen POSTAL, TELE- GRAPH AND TELEPHONE ADMINISTRATION @xfiunanndentuibvine sede unclmsaawiewdiiduguuuvtes ‘Traditional PTT fa DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST o9n ‘VWidhsheulfiivinns (OPERATION) unedhedwiunnaRruseieu ngynoisf (REGULATION) Tnerinsturnsuensheslgsifinns DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST donut n ea #a - DEUTSCHE DUNDESPOST POSTDIENST fuflavauruuina lads - DEUTSCHE DUNDESPOST POSTBANK iuAavauiuvinamain - DEUTSCHE DUNDESPOST TELEKOM 4ufintoufouvinn Iniawwien Tnsnaenr2anraluawelduselvaeawiay (BUNDESMINISTER FUR POST UND TELEKOMMUNIKATION-BMPT) Sufinvauduulouruserinmumstfeunginositari ain, nvstidulun leur (DEVELOP & IMPLEMENT POLICY) uaz if wusruriguuesin nnfianguseneunatinudtilunmansauinilnsawas unr enlasasthiasososenanm dlavtoufeoutiunniensamaflataddumaamiyla sosngmnerie 9 sostne Travstrovosoutninaamaiuuuil 6 fe FCC uguuuuresosdnsneneritudaresoe! Bosmnstinans mounsmunsrouleutinaodnuiisds mnalieufieumsings FCC fuesénimellumdgea wosngmanelne sev FCC Villasntomainmaiwaertudninemtlostiwuscs wus moysinusciengifvaulwanen (Waal) Aetiwnsmanan @ uvangmneadudls fhe “ssmunssumsiazassuma AiumsusadslaunscususwToamsemynnadail aratodadgsIauaviin agar ng haimsndofemsens 7 Mauna nuiwouvos aanuazamgununugs” vonyiniimnaen oo Bsriwunlh “nsuctsduewnsnrs fee dos liunrususoviesymamussanginurrsg aw’ Hfavirdangdh aoemaananqufin doiedvtunw wauemenssanrangsfim we. vet's defsnreniganiot Oates nslner unin ensenssunranqyfmisenoutornvensain Je nks naa AnenraNnaatngMANeuAcANeNTAMTMeMesaaNNE 1A oo Faiths uniigdintaunnsingenmensanadngmnulatiggth “nszunissngnaresta ote naomazngonluseinday ussdodumanuusirvo sens Tguund WiaanSmsansnssums nquefmidhinssumasrongmnulavdrumis” uxcinmn) oto “lédyganssumasronguaw diraesinzedumisas rt Taswsaonn ruthivusidufinsswsenzaluseundy usises.. Aodennentumataatetonslunan wx Wigs “nssumsiledutoonntiiues ls mamanqanlseiniey usedomuruucirvosnnctguuad uszldsunraturovyes amiimirwgaussydammucdy tunrddtgansenoudummider Wlétunnw shuxounosnrriki bliaannémanncnrsumangusmudlunssunsiedeSoonn slave umis” useanen tox Wiig “na aunrsiiedutamnitrsedasedumisas race wihhud sul nasuszngosrTusanday useds giitusrnsumisudosensonsengarilusauniy weishdin ama.” inumiiqy lad aafiteniunnemsamshengwine ueanensannsiededomnntys Winlihilenausnsaeluiosseslasant on ausiomoanensanatudausaunsaunTatngMANE. deuefid nt ilumaungmnvduiaaldioAurlousermtoussana Ineduillidesdiinn slosaulifleriayrrnlayenantia ngyanedetiyatinausiedinssanan dune rosa: guunt IneiaclAYurmfusoueinigam ustudouvomnsanaiiedetomnd datos seer toons seuthilAvthadodsuamenulanmeymalanunty ngmoeWludA ‘Wienuznaauni aun ausiadomarruncrd mesrmegauatlnslAtunrauivsouyinigsn voir aa Df we arluhi « od wo iehesiadiygAlAtaundumestndantaynmatesieiraedwmis sof anata Using ‘Ins aunponrauasdinen ina amenssanrangufinniy Wiiylalshuanan on deh a “Net ent aaa oy Sql “ithe smannznssumangsiim dmbrtnauqugualaurtald dorm s409 Be Para a Sauteed) suinvwnnenramangyiim Fukavauduarsdousesuansnssunrangyinuaciiin haunts rthsranstushaiinewuncisnssumanqyin Didtsouanmzenenssumsnqysruilugaawdtuacupiits rns Miansnimmenrumangygmiihisensneiournly dmsonrsnq07 Tusainday uaisdoeinyanadatienudearinlumsiimany nazrangmneusemsuiws Tran uRudueruRunsinwe sans tguuNT uRcldTunrnityrovaosem minus ig TURE Wammudriy lunsiiatgennisznoudsuanndnlMaiunruniurousesanity” Aotiseutali mausieduarémemensaunranqugm fanwosdumertunrausdts iunenaduinuanensmamastuuluay mafigal Taran oui naw me errsttuushins neLocele Ftp. “naudediguaumsdoslatunruiturovein gam” lone fentslaseated arent tao eainanmemagiuuresesénanesuuutinis daheneuihemieswlunarmmlane (NTIA) uneminenw lung tamaliithatuns wleuw (Co sy fesiulAchilesamtiadumestvanensaimauleuweadenun une AMENTUMIMUAAMMdaMUNdTAIAMeAMIN Wa. guMaMLN WAL Ieee? gH ngmnesivdlrmmaltensnsaammuleyendemeunkcawemntiftamarimmleue seadomeun hnuninmrnuncunaiaanmondy en any welguunditeatunsnadameun ser sh upouensaamamuRuMmudemeuntd ment Abavaliaine bunalgiiinabiitin Tumangmineunsataarcemaimmlenemssudimaun rhmundanetudouasdages edeahull vnanenaiinalnsnanurnausislionetnn (qeustng guns) dugg lsequaska lune drempduntonanahusas aus (PUBLIC HEARING) Tunaula maarlinawertnsrin! we cu Teauieendt Wletuil oie manga kee uarnadannmnlfgllmmumivedne Airy co quilsepuvienaetl intuit ae Ronen naetewa Qrunriieans vima sonunetinnawlueyqnamsmusemyun immadumaunedwaudusenoumanuds sori slifenalaaietwuncostthenourerenenraamamununramudamiun dadhuereraia nalvidiulumangiane (REGULATOR) thenewhetinemalaesudunsanys unetguned «Suduriadanasams shviuowinanm afidsenoukaeanens aan nla unnusisdovnehovtmathiguuuuees ouenssumaeine 9 Altumsiadduaraundigdimelingvansnaslns usilanwue funeral Arrmnensaumieins 9 Hl umTingetumeldngranety eansaunadaulnayliidasinen sovmiontudsreenhevdn wifioieed aloud innnatweosmios unefuagtuwiun- Sgpeand udtdangmnelnsmamrensosshnouseinadolAandsosdnanarsuacite uuuRS IEMA silosln Usineinefinabiostinernsonfo iin IMPORT) WiDungyanemebssonlsena TUAAE RelinseanwaeNonmedons inswgiis n7ailes seMfuwaW as TmussNEaS Useinalnaumnsevinussinedhuuuungmnenn aay wievigg ysos (MR. RENE GUYON) ‘Widuumitsfete “OEUVRE DE CODIFICATION AU SIAM” 4slAfiqulaVunsiiionrainon wiomail “yrajovanusongtanbaluanaeehafigtie shongmnetisionadeatuar aos: useina doug girsfonenernedraderee lianngntrevesnasAnsonuntiydvemngrane shalsaneudabanioulauored atest adulathumgminertalseuneria 9 vevseusgiarina viustainw.©* dinty maaeiengraneuastingeasdinsneyaetosAne ngmnevasine ussineluianlieufeu (COMPARATIVE APPROACH) uaststisanndosiusn denn rsughe unsTamorswtoalssneine wiqwlungnnalnatas* Sufisdoudan Asso WasiFivowlsenaulesd uns wat fivowamenysHNT FoF cy aHyry (als) “manraedoszunc#raeewoangmenetungescnn” mHMARAMMAL Teo auf o dum eter wir oof, PeuwArhudnammendadiintumundonmntigieulaénaumensneseaan Galant “nseuoune ‘etindnresesehennasowrn nsuAauqun shanties dunhadednd WA. ores” TAAAR AAS Th om adut o finn wrap wh exo-nes. deyadaulinlummradrdllingimmnrrnss mania dalegrda al DA we atl o ord imaiorauvin ifidhamaviansou au dsoongyaneinarovoguds urludyatungvanerineastee Ranaut udlarierioniamalidmremvunesestesvaukiengmine (LEGALITY) ads manne sfinenuindsen se who stingumreno was ses muAlAyuansenyy in dans unmrossranangnornila enaandinnigdomanedigihinesedlnetuchnganeoynfion nis nolanordinatwnta swstg Andusimunonlien euselATunniviestSuigossanyy) ualurnonsdlosénieantntad rorigorunsnuWanBiTn WN sea MuMNAUselemado TI: (PUBLIC INTEREST) daduaounelunteausalnumalicnnemataunes dwky malisaremseheninesasd wlinunouiiitugrss sheneeseeranaol¥é ureldasnhAngmnelastéaweshninasos vhs sed wears mirexa ot ounnsatiouinserumatindtenzersulungrnmamnetos dadungmineamouiibicharedininmastumariehds shoynraleoyalunnlérimualiene UnerastowusinunqisbiopiAbwioluoyqrantondevinsmumeanieonheneue” undid FATA eR UL erneaostos Munqna doxdlalomalterennesostidaureloedivauléinn wit granola AtAgnnsenutmdenansngnasellAe* uridensrolfibio wens urinal sethinduiugytunngnorelld adhotafinnn nganeslciyiadulusenenssliimuatassins Uhitifiheunerestestivgamiseneumaiahasbloygyn Ain nauideranenst Wal wane DungmneunerastlatiqytaticheinnsaseeostMinqananouehdomaneaos AoMUAiQKAMluinan vo “low wnzisuutaeaduinnoumasencifemntoonwnse muunasy dat 177AKBY WAT aes NFOUIATI de IIIAMT IUD IMtMTosoUtoerrMstInsr wfourunqualiitivonniosmnunséntunsrulentaitns1” Iurseaoslhtiyeirh “149 wouniosmurunrséndlinsgns rida svesuwnsidounanssanieonusnsaumamoly SeqhedhelFnmaanns’ aw 909 n2ailssem WA wea dqtlih “fuseneufiamalzsmutman to Mostetuluoygravmngoyy nuncio nlpilienmininaitimuelungnrensefeonmannnn a tsemm wostguunFfoanmungnrensrokinina uacUsemmvestguuetfeone ines) ee... hunrreontuaygrabiy SinereoyareResocmundrinevsitionunls..” Finan ev wis maulien wAweee ily “dibioontuoygnanfolsioluoygne go oxar wiogoroluoyaradintgnsseidosguuetimoburaituti SauaduAtinrks Hr itecinesypauat tiDuilgn”ad Bamnstierant ia iuimeiaAmistoutendovoswmonciion dhignssaimutuiamuae tine new pas Saran enn Dilan indoveswemeienuihutiga” uscmiecnnlitcya “Faedugne solvosnmsnszunis Stiufiae” manssemesbhiduiga WAUEOrMGY WA wee AérhmueliheUnnsaseetostiinqumbenauendne UnmosTiashwiouts MAliiyAMann a +h “ifolsuhaeTuluoygranSor mevooy luoygnn biitmineunestunszeerupndouscarumdlyscivesiive uaslunsdtsruils fasdosd oud rmourigvoayay ibn stuirvontourkudonrwtignioontonzwlsiaay sal Iinumuluduirsnhuetildsunne” bwrmesoslitiydic “dine urtasiudosaan luoyqnnfatmtetoutorhts lioygnenTourounqualigveoygrans un wlueruitusis uuaituld typed sis waciBuagnioon Son sud aunwirmualusormuavasriostin unerrrem lau “Tunsdifting Fuiuh Soutnounostilaiorsoonluoyrandads hinstindaliongnalimelurimuaamaunszasos baroewanl/laBnlakfumosnss ndveslaifutiotrti unooimttoudsnsunereuacingsniunncndibigveayqransu roudurmuerimenassnnomntomunldeeneaa Vidas udtaudnadt” WIURIURIMIsh AR uhm eaded we exe AlAtqyilAlishouneraseedion Wonguaenowhditiniudy aoAlatiqe alsin “ia 9 sladnrudszassecdilyy shad Isevindad uasniiehded bivesulveyq me rnesudniagvofuaveumnums: aitnineusl En suaciioulaviriamualungnaznsas ihoosuanFopGrofuauoumnuldtuirvamarssanfisuds Moiudintag#eofus soumnunr emer rhgae tuluayanaldglmeamdninnetiimunlungnsens niall uitvoonluoynnenfaitntstoutieindstuiougnanfourtuinqnaliigve Suluoxgransumets muiuioluesunletusone” fidteeaituliinngmaneunesostugemas 9 Usiminaradinisn (TRANSPARENCY) ante] Ulungmanelaerinmantiteskntuntittheunerastostiinquslseney Hostalof rye] Df wa’ atuh o aw Aqnnsenvanforanaonrutanglunaiidwuneseslavinadoriaedetuuncerananlautiy sobidnuuneamunurndduls duunrseau_adlliheunasasttdwraqaitiie (DISERE- TIONARY POWER) atrlisauisn Susewihgnrsliéwiemwsunals (ARBITARY POWER) vianialdéwislunefifin (ABUSE OF POWER) wirzmangmaneunesantula. wnanrFiudiog@uervaroyqnadquantAnsesoastvasudwewingmnermnuae aA griumagnosmandninnsitunaufingnsnerhmunly shelnasosftoswmnagaelidane nity (MANDATORY POWER) mniingvanernundovinedehonq tiuritduense Tnerheuneseshisansnlicunaqaiine Matha mdiyrndurrnotimen iter lnasos vfonidifleruaenfotiiquantiuasdoulunutiumntssanangransurounenieela que urrvosmnertionsace domiudothansdivsheuneseenaraolddnereqaiation UpTRuncdinautelnve fade mu andere siavainaw iia: vevheadsoygnmdoliayqyyn urigduerealAfonravivehdlolunsdhaitiiuemaranctiometoonnvnisty a4 ngwanalitiyatfgnnsenutnBvinehdaaasdwulnnsoosranscqnorell® Astolitw Unerosiilomalanunumdrignies wmnesfesamunmiomioli Suifunadmnan anaiufin (ACCOUNTABILITY) wtiue@ Mhangmane Fone ob uve wala wa vecoa Witiqlich “ddotuloonluoygranfolanooyjluoyqre suoeyqrantogredoory es Seer, tele, eh sushunsttntn tac d/Me toate luoygradinsgns selves gun tdmolumwtusoiusintlinrunndd iviedoves Spun DhiDufige” sons7 oo uns Wausranige WA wane’ TigiiAbatooorsqnosc Wiel “lunrditdmitnenmtastudinds...aJosneontuoyyantolsioyyaltniooy, Tuoygrenfeviinnouluoyyre...{lainoleirdonansa situiliinsgns salrioTguuns...” 3997 vo EslAtiliridlin “mavioramngnsrefamunam be Miguuadiierseleutsnds srfonosiguunFiiDuiiga” useannn alo uve waueruqunrashdafunesrmiratodn’ Waweoe Wiigialudognoss tint “lunriiviosutniogdoosuauoumnuisrdslsl aygre Guotuluoyy iinggnssolituntstoronaisnswmamalusraau tutus nrvusinds" unclwrsesosnonnan ow Wiigyiivialiih “Mtanznzsunrs‘iieduens sal Past cet at ara enn met ee mulunruiy Tuten diugns saludauderaiedaudumtoite ludefans sal svaiedy gna relliidusiga”« @onmnsiimans athilafinny uiftangmnese iy athan AA adegnorlaowheunerosttidutiqn fiths fivafiqnsouhevimarinth douteliinindansgnaiheessnitadmatieaatudiae Tne enagimAiiadeltueriwinugind awoe wee Hunetraunshagndugnoroidiiede fonsdeigauethmamemamelna vloiguntliiwegnailvougnthaudriathunnasy Funoumanrenntiqefiuaadiiad wet wees WAT lon aul’ shedbinaleriiede sootguunthmanienv an wlnerionsid mm ratontnnolaee iufhhadudheathouansnasansanqufinaentrwngmnetéiieaameunees Inesinu taro on 1K “rtm lnnromuasosdududndomounnsossnmosbitingea Via...” woneaniituinen eo tusosliigarhianfqnssoltotiy galt “Mgnsdiens gna raliigyrioviaes masta ngmsw lauded nunnresuesutseamens aim siisads Sumungmnomontisns sums siete fomnnterangminetmauenisnssumanqyiimmole ib auTuiuetuMatuusodinin ueitiausnssunrtendraiunmenssunrssiedy toswminfnasqnasoluscriymuarergns salle la wisliyaiAalungmare dae nazamangygim” wnengmoel US unin aowcheAAt yA semelddangmane ‘Aatieéy (POSITIVE LAW) seu AnBiair Moser eut lata LIOelusgossenyy) ah, soambanlpiatidustetuas Jadoomatndsastninmstiinnafinuay thitu gquatomalimeanrmauacitenure sonluoyq figdatamunadngyanunaatimueniinarduke (ACCOUNTABILITY) uae wine rrafhuorauaclsianafiss (TRANSPARENCY) uasiifinaetnosinanarsediénye Heoannginoutuacrinniiaiiiatutomm men ieiiiuimatoeiy (LICENSEES) userewiw0 Auton unedflivanasibigntiowmauwréangmnenta AGeuunenaditenauivdndamrsiidimadnnenihiivesnazassumsmsdonna fener ene ers inkanahvbiiaiundniiaigudodhals wreaniensaumamatonaudonaiiiniuosdnns Unerosmaminngmansmsy maita wnifechganenudnBlaunis dibieygna wiodviiede was wo TTaKATM: near sTTUTiNE Wa ekes Vaya “Aiden snnusnezains HisivgnornlvadtgauaTsiiuiiqn cheudetetentowuscelaey " i} * ussenudhomuitildgnssaimaturiann a FusesFuntostoslfiiinrw”a a DA wa alu o wo mauneansfinaraeldanfmangvaneinares uacl#andmeerala mwndnmauncnquatll Aenonunudstisty uazitehnacnssunsnsdomsudenailuosdnsiiveaszuardl smuthinmauacithissan marinade bloynmidorfinaouluoygnaie:Roavinquaissnoy Tauvarew usedtwrviescuenainintasnuvenalumaimndadeygnaeiettinuath Sunqaiiannnheymeladmrynin _ornemndudwnyriuiedgudwayan shidufionralimenren anienatunamsflan aires Afesdiosayqnnlturigdudronnas dafiofieraaatoannemanimanrinernunssemuemugievonietne avsudadofee linia pyqalticrmomuiutemalnsatentMinvurvuodwlisousn Suflvnlifilsenouns volnoiiegug me iaseuniFemstnuinelulsd ufeshoywaie usevduyuilsenounnad Sminaunilelumanen (DOMINANT POSITION) unefiusenounsmudavoylurnebieranan usefulumonma usctiowdimbenaunsbltufiqndsanvesdonatiiinnyne mn huvann idhus3a (DE FACTO MONOPOLY) fini Ssaauniiiyfirlosttunnynornlufemalns- pamnealtungmanestiutl Fsluudsoonseaugawuuilodi (PREVENTIONAL SYSTEM) une: ‘Tawiseonmaeauguuuutly (REMEDIAL SYSTEM) uncfuniiyi)@iaradamsoaiflseno mannetion Sueglagrmennogradaiin (NFANT BUSINESS) WWiumalseAuttenodtusee wilactwinahincurinanathavuteriunausemanantinn td nsninnstlnelaiirmwadwan qofulusunseviagalsenaunranedae bis aramid qusodsilh shvfinrendosmaathnencuncevaududssenaseininmoth dawhiua nied nihagflnssatwaarhenausosanensunhensediinawrls senavioadle 8 qoitertifunctosvinnferiqanmiauzemalnimesthatunnsvaierwmia sanineneiumnis Wits sininnaunedumentunnausiomsediilatingVu eo Vannmiuunisenrs ienTUNIsUT LungMERANIns yuh daatiai* o. una theinelnedingranegamnitiinithucamenedoetite Fusatioroungoqlaviodos aunnndeadiongeqlovia ngsafoqoen nqiouys ussnqeiaulndund ngraneAons ile une Januhrewefunnedsilumagaiia SnTungmmeqamntugadayiudimuatiuantwsssntgeaqanins wnsinsry ecbe dyinstuanlneldnaintungmnegamnsossings dow ngmaeqannaisinruklway audnnorwnds waeex 9 mauenaduurosnaiiody 9 sudvmiesingmnegannadALle ai op atu® aflesucddwssrdqdiganins (atiui.) wa. datunsutloitaain wera iiqamina naan were unemienniydagamns (adud «) yaar LLM, (New York Univers), £34 (fungi) stu, (ClesAtend}), swan, LLM. (Criminal Justice asenvadlednsineniiomninie Sngyaneqaminsfinrniyediaanradhus vi 9) mizrradiyeiiqanns wnehnewa weve! to) necrmmicyraqannauitechaaaa (ail «) ynsins wwe 0) meemiyedigeninnuintads (aii) ynsnera wesite" ry] Df we auf o ca bec’ 12H eo nat Faith shongmanemansnehunaasraersor ase iheTMARENT TANT nqimuda aistinsqam nae umasnedesludinzensaaniandy worvaunraaw Furownmauongrnedhgmaiyionmasnnmamings vseuisbumauflengmnuganins mrurrongmanemiandna Aieusebinavats ethwlafimaofieaasngnanuganansativane 4 ua WivhifenasuAlamadinngmanedondrénnawusenys ufeltiineaiasuuaesin Tgmbunaenw wetetulingmnw utalimavinnsnmeseutnauqannailscdninn andy otfodinuaetludsmsnssthamaRemangmanegam nabbed name theAnBrafety ussivlosmuyusesidaoan funtidaetunadsoonbiusstutigevonaos useineduldanndot ¥ lo. toraauflungynuganins dosiaongmneqamnititemuaimads — gdeufesanudatahadgeits matefuliingmne Saeauslingmaneganina Kit n. unrnmunrdutuasiadoy uve sam m vaswaesi a nt VayeAqanins wnstinsw weow Ai “dul fudeedtonsulungmnwsdaumaqaninslygal iDuod on ofua cc) wazrrniyeiagarmnsutatidn (oi &) wezmaiyiqannnauMtatia (oui «) yen west >) mrermigiqamine (aut ») yeti wee a) wreaneliyepaiqanin: (exit a) ynsriney tesco 2) waesrmiyei@qann (athF <) ynsirant weco 9) yednIa ese 2) wmeroatiyayiqamins (will «) ynstnris wee oe) mazerayaqamne os) nsesraiiyeiiqanne (wtifl oe) WA. wees foo) wyaAnene ween ob) nezsraviyaaqannne (sil ot) WAL oesta se) wremaiyrdiqanans (atu en) WA. eee ac) themnveennclpih auf aie aviull on urn wnstnrm wket a8) exo nuutlauiinsmiyiqanins ynskne wd wade WA, kes 20) maenaviyliaanins (ai ex) nA. wkwewe Danriimans cunabtoarmmesdunte” seupudrmnsbithrramagduitlt unqataiansnsodunmengmanugamnsiilsngnaeuvistautufseys rene aBUATS Wu wiemalqefiqanins wnoAnsy a's WAT w ni dafadumrAT @ uve wastrimmnuMleadanesadiydaqam ns wots werbe Wa weed wat gaming wnoAind wae 3077 @ WAT] a ANAT ole WAT ao WaETTNty|ARAMNT (atu o) ynodniw wade wr @ snAN > ANAT NIeTINTEyAqaMNs (aut @) ynoriniy waco WAIT od HIATI ook umiiqgManerthokuaeyitan sTedwaeensesuATsTHOR At uA ANoud HAWK sneferttungmanaqamnaiusngrmeuvieiseys reese uALLastqyaltnoud alk vie woentigiiqamns ynofinis wae wIATT wa IPMS FoutlAaANPAIEMA woo TA MUM olne Ho of Tle “ofuliniagFosuavoumun” wexratindAgamns (atiUM of) ynaniAy weto tm @ ni damiamadummnlsemempsanicugy alti nie fo od thdiids “ofuanFadnefumuoumna” wsraiqAqanns (atutl @) ynoAinie eacle 11 ow douMlourarmaenmswMTHTA atiuil nine 4 oc trys “eFua wSogfloSuluounarw” sinfinerathotuvvhngmneh a aqaminiiigiaddmsowsuauMts une db uavfagfeduAoumneinuvuvte duandroie UsznouAuuaingtinmtigeiingmaneye sowuuuringeglungmnsatiieria win meesrntiulaqanins wnodnny wee a7 a ana @ ninte “efuanfegfosuaueunaw” mktaduiindehinglangmnetedyiA Forratunnehoth oniiPutcheiuiaud mln deme nip padouvtmnsn WWA WE etna’ SAT) act THIAMiLe AhiangmeludoodtwAlAramumdesnoud AA” Viidnodads nfealathaddoonrmoudsareld detmurhuysiatuernoush stig riarhumia duugiioemumls odvlafinnateniernnuds hwhngmnnbenatatinatisne woreBuiinaunnAraAwfudasuuLmandy niinfe Movingwarugamnshlatiyyalivoy shone mamausmresense hald onesrzulingmned ig A ation nah ihemud 9 wien mcimesnganertwenthileinngmnearmn du 9 AAA sous mrt anges atiuventiudues tf mavoud weenie liiebitooResoneinngmneqamntiosi we artufl » «e dafivlumaniinngyanetuannn also uvewassrmtiydiiqanins ynodnay wae navaAe ‘Tundiideonmaudmiawingyanegammunnshornmra tiny uirarrinriuntains We waea” ane eteo Tingdrh Alfechngranemensinatinnon tin wiles vSonowlakdetedmreuae umuriangvaneqaninail uuellungmmnelbfuecuans neta deh ihlsesodeeVithudady® fohudomenalgdtuimensniuduin we een dufungmnelitoeutunsdi 9 ld usefilitiion nausinal eu cchuniiqgladian nad mrerton Nous mevoseBurmangene fommaliliderys ildtoslingyanmgaransenantemand aula mmasteufTlengmnagamnstiesumoud mawtuoumnel® funrilosAaly Hinlyinninnaeracho Neus ammangmnenduayhleyurhale uensiniinas uflangmnemandaonsanntestiuunngmaneganinsiiyiadaaniaioudweleedlasriinn dbuANoUdMrWliyaralathe dotimnilfuMlengrneqamnaldieuinuel uacteva ngwanuganansnes weno Mewen ayia teLaMTNEAUNMAN Ne eeu Ansafissoud ww RiameymramavseyMungmnety dsvenmedudanaxeuds sorobulimungmnegamnstiey sous hyn unctidldseyloowora sudan nny Stuns ruses sinenndnduludostayernisetuaoustne darulinna emangranuleenied danldvmincisamprnuqanins Mmndrauihmaanan ols ute wazaiatigedfiqanins ynonaw weve msooniafigatunsnefledg dune nn aie Jannautlangraneganinaliiesumnatuot robe v. iueatunaninan we uiewszrivtyeiqanins wuoanaid weve duflunmnian a uiensesiviyeaqanins (aduft ew) nada weed uazliiarulmiuny sit ‘Soar tao wshonassrmiyragamins wnsAnena weve! typi “dlelmmnasrmiyaiaunnars magne wernt grberwbs Ag a aiid stustutoobuorurgarrnta Viniomezo9 in lanl Tiygtiuiruangnne mermlyyA qussrnledewtabittnentaly Mierinoe mooulidy Feimrurcumvdinecemiyyad chulketungmnumserrniyaya qukeowmtuaiia wusnlt Ineninudesnitlzen ares thud”“ Dormstterand “nar ine Gsla y duseAodosSumungmnusdunaganins wine . eee atan ee qanans minnwehoinares nfosrs29 déwredaluzerla 9 uaz m fle 9 Ae Aofidal ihe dative om fogiand takdueh ton Sonemwtumuenntyts soaturummushtilumanssiniin anaiutudmiudveu tuustuiie bttotuiuas MsihFrvesuaclianunosusludulauinindosiatedrecusing heladugnser aan tats’ wioiinr wo samorynilun sala” snanr we’ fiaeuMlailitarsstildeuluonnngmanedegin Fil 9) HAT) we’ IssAMHY IuTagiul Liye “Ale 9 duosMudossuMuMssz79- tiyaad” demnedonaeratiydiqamins we.ecbe unengmnemend avin nullesie 9 3) dvilsosfiesumangmaremans ato siti wu naiusmmmmetotinyea Smears ow sositeiud winemganins winenshwunesos wiodia29 AdmrvEruvaaTle 9 une oo fins AUK Hering Al turawthesaswa7 wx WAMie daunosduitariuMangMneaty Bu udu sosvinuae dtuitenenranierramndamaanan « wvewserniyaqamns (atu Fa) ynofinnw wedo th wesitudadindranas oo ty “MFuduiulavddin dosarfisinynnsdlassdostulnwnfom ly” dymitimniv nor irvewmone add acurts Josiumamsearinglqarana wet aoe uXa feefosl¥ mam walseaangraneéRersn erxeinn dsarifelywlunatannltinenelivdell wlusla avd tentelgwity imofiernauneaietiinganegamnnfianaetunmgnadentvtunaieaulingine Sanruila fivh “mawasrnigglat” Wu “mungmnetretaumaqamns” wietmsoungadingrene qammandy nA. verve unentiudy 9 dae 6) anny we vireo bulegu ottiindtymtumalingmnefvedswnn wm: dlofinnifosergammsdome ertmimsrsomagmifeaivinnn wa asseKo fimubiafiy nay Tulintusowwine faiurruilenan wa asiedos Ineuiadonruvothwraasayt “TnvihiniosenitssresUsinghglaiugnszrinteniely wiodniesnioyniunsals” srfimnreagmilsngdiucowwan sie uvomausn hchngminefemimneiasumariigg Al’ slidorutunnnaditedts natin meaner uarbifimatoaminywione iu difmanngmil dev/eeos (argDf we’ atiuf « «a Tg) HiavevtshtoowAferulinnuniimsynerndeiy atiatiqn (ovtutua oonextarn daduriwutss bo 4 ihuuntuiidagnin fuseyailngimagmsinnerh xan wx a27AKO9 Mor nndnwuutudwarh guchaoaslarsludvnostidn seos¥oovemumebariamin He ReefohududeTbititmawussmndiuaowusuin debidmaulalllAMonratusoal For uniyibanand vanemmendbitigionn utstotowuie ulathsoslin Armaunctooerumelurtmunudatimindms venengnanelied iturimweudurinitusas DiitrvonuTandhsousiwAal) uoneindmamaenaiyaqamin WA. ead WA oleo Atul Golan migtiqannuansnwivunnpmnedy Wenermsesmiyeimqanina fudoty wvwasta qosselihintsewangmnengnnan ae tines ya gamnen Ahi eanienfinnmwngménymanitiuhumurmnonwagmbsegalngitaa iw shfinnwgni ce'e/ea oe ues vinrnwagnal aba /eebe ATaUAMaUMaMesniles Urngeweiviedesannsnsamanqwsmad® nannsemaan we’ aeKo “Hunn SrrueumengmreunauscHrtad (917957 ember) uirtmumrerabtsaLikeléannnte uselowturinsuganins vesmansrantuscantiusasualudulututa lan laitaseomwanwe7 woxmanioounts 21077 wa’ unemassimlygiganing W.A. wave (Bsldittaumanay ndiqartuleunsesraiygiqanins (alu ow) nA: anes) tu quaiiours tudosdtinds wosmanld warew1A7) wa! LiWtdinh “Su” (Guiuriantstuvssu2engmwergy 1A) abo USELNAT? am) HONTYoRUPiALoA Hoffa TiuliRosnTuaeAluititrvesuse Ianithivosuetuay” uuamuefiaar Usingmadainngim# ovee/ecow Gheylng) Assenave fonmngini éod/edoe (Ureqpiing) thoka Inemagimldtiedeh nvatemeAusemnars fignénttunrengrifuenlidhs we md madutsbiimaveseryatuiena vin suai Fowl dausnnadindislinmoontegmtaiema Instuialiownlusenatontula infin wre ssumsnquljranaludqgonngyaneten funni lundne iyelAganinguscraumesnay lu gi smeniiy, gre Grates, Anfignal ooshuoum uacitvind osqeuie, VA. wad) tfsaiiungmanogamins, (ngann:a Borunstinnns pol¥enavinnnwiumsnawideliadae eagmuiviuniydiinan we west qanins Wel we've deutlauiantalnenaerediyeiiqanins (adutl ol) wel waster AT VWideAuamensduinta mifacrofwaomnanafignéalnslaifinatosemonqniiuriom arin, Timed Trunqueiiianan we fiamuesvecvimdurnionatusemnarauanensd Higa” odhadien mnngyanenisesodee Tor uurined MAN sioonienqiiuviom nine ngmane aaselAtiggarinmmrecimiiuntatudeaman “tuuedutiatinanerdeiige” Vite Augufitigh AT Sluanen onto uvialsswaangvaneunausen rds asaeusn aaah “mute eiunangmnwergn nssuanéuvsiela 9 GlAlsumsnserinAn nialdlaonserivin wafuatumrnsermelanzemsdu uarlédsttuerwinyrsesnsaluiguradia rw oniuveududy Futsal sonowmuludntontiudduds nJodatasamorgreda mriauda studi utinrinanwritoniga uadabainrudautives raubidonameentuhiurd” anemafinsssymtiqn}iqaning 11907 we Tar jalish dhdrsomtalsand bidud antonio moluseezaefihmeAn “binind@udueniurosuduau” defiermmmneluiy wiios dunaditliinwosemerynibsiona thubunitaanosntdiomauds danagludwewos enavefonmsiiuvialveasnmodumadiigAlhanan ee winlsnangranverqn unciflofiatryoona apniduseauriufmudabifienadiiiuedsslafiminndonalenteeiionn SosvoviomaliAnanw duvosna wan uve wurumuudatHoniDunowurwawdn cae aunivoowses nd iAmanins 19077 wa’ tT vetAulAodedunewuAlanfogative Taowaerrndicyriiqanins (aiiul ow) wet execs Fauriturtmunl anfoutuun SeliiehH Uhunfonnautudaiuenmnomed tumanserin | annfutudadudsduituustininntivh “matiaemnenstumanazinhangmnuqamnstunsé iddagtosn mrecaniiunesusiui sefosdal Founsumnioulengiang lainturinFonSunen Srecniuvosusutuiumsds annifusunrslautsisauile sobivosneabudougaurmdaihusoom hithtgmedistouds uae ung bigidorr unity uacidombrhgsuquldtutuduvnusssraiasd Letaeniduaauiie lumarulsw Seiututoourzecae bias” Coateonyunes Wail oe maui o@ Aufl wo fwRN tose 1h ooo) larsminainiaonn@T lee woesnetinyRqamns Tame nsimatiasoona nian iatowtngwiemauiiiy uiuilesArnanissetiyaqanns We wade 37007 ne delhuNlatMalnenseeyBqanin (auf ob) ian « WHJ aoa Df wa arluh » oe Tinsonlisnforihthdhyeonfagiandlisndurtoagenonromensiigndalhivtumels aevemMavingmaneamnarmuAltala Unvomtasiandmndndfivcituentontene Aenndnuiudlndunagntioslsl Tymweluitn adileaiinanwrdsdutorosna i Munrinssyinaanze sty OTN WF, learow WAT aie MovwsfidBidanfoundowsnansAwmavsewaangMAEE gn aan) om Tevielel magna vsewoangmansngy wes oe ditt “lunsdit madibiunindtuaaanas on won) oe’ Wud wrnlsinglunwndolausuana outros gihudvewhsalegihuiuletulumansenarute Abtenads Auninditudinsndiudonsytunruntountosiatimins uevnauovoatrewuiess hrastomazraomamoalunteDiiunSudrmwansdsiiga” uianer oo! uriolaeann Agen nya iumindadatunanilumad Atala. o venievae npyanedlunatiuvaenaminmangmensdutae uusingmnenta 9 velétyedatduedsdu maflifiedennudatinen be wisrnAKANN We earn uMlumanlnener Mga qamns (atiufl oto) amas» TitiamunmendnnsfosspAwmonm of bifimatosamongn dora dauniinntesvermeonmafismagionnunsiinmoserg mommis LishiqiA Wamenstigdiqamns Saienblltnwenetigdiqannss Uiyeitandrautstidn athidu inqistonhussnangmneengn anen oo Suhwuntiqyejiviabitetumstu vindaudoiyagiumn o unlseaangmneongraaaldistuuimatumindaumamce- etyAqamny shodwReafivautlh lator uur tqudiey 9 uledtimasstinane Audoroinmumanestighiqanint wa we've WAT abe fen Mosfotrofludedy, omiunindtumauzeanangmnsagy Anon Fermuanvoanms on uvelienan npmnemnqTty Amnernasandimiuninstumangmnsdy 9 Homvatae Fmagnossinéuenwren oleo uviwisvietiyiqanin we. were Adeyfalite sow ualamsersTgagammuensrsivunngraneis Weneuninituwsenaiiya 4 tase uneeech oe Pe qemostulétvfuunatiaty enagmifivh useangmneangn aes at wiliunneeiy saesediyAqanins we we'be wiAT7 woo’ FouMlamaaialaensesatiydaqamns (ody 7 ob) Wel bectal INAN o uEMaALiMOA Re wsshngrne i aly w aA« Drumrtinans A Uiteturhonadiy ngmnet we atulselatnin and eal tnimeredigelaqamns ne wxroer anlitiearlst wdovindramimsrgnd avan/ecote (Usequlng) Mininatrauds AfennenenA Aenagimimuaaunadriynsamensn ud Aaitnnwngind aoe /ineton uneeiwnwagim A ewwto/ eee vinamaumangmineftsomiamel gdouihirahatifingna deMtonaaianet fot (©) dfinhsifuttienan, we aren veldiemurinadlnty ammdiuernua maurndadotionrmosngmanentiudéqlasiingnamangranerintwninnn daauuwomerinos Snmwactreingmneloedmnenydazynqnatunneannenatiqggiaqaniny (atiufl ob) WA. wate) doutlawsesrediydAqaniny WA. wx’ wT te’ a5AKION autumn Lunrniintund Tnemaneinansnats “Duns baiiagitosm...” Axl mnieracwnedefaly wa dvathifetunamatimunameisos adwlafimadionernidinnn tex urewse- somtiggqamns wa. wade wT ee’ ANY “Hole g dusewedostuMw waerotygad minnwintferieluaarta quar a file 9 Ald” sewndsiiniesy- SeyelAqanins (atull «) ynoAna7 waco ana & WianarAlnaviotha san wee Ao néivh “sovitiality dudvosntagiling turdusiatonFunowmulurmuannfouiy usiSufifa AbtanTunosusludu” sinuniqdAtutlelmiiiulasunns we aaesos WivmuiueAillisin tose UscrAfiinvtesnin urienilanesmtyaqamins (allut ow) WA wees aan a WH enfinanaluanas wa’ Mansnuactidanatmlum dovfunan we asawile danse Unflowiin iosurivaengiiénséinen “miinnwdmha” ifn “winouganiny mins shuunaes wfodr720” dauinen we aransos Vilkeuniinngmaneintddentossos Hie *..mulurtmuanndouitiuattufita” Gelituvomnlaun lihseiuerwrmedl Whinrimerinfia wfeavdy) widy “..molutmuanniutuecmtununmuchlilunrs Spapoanencreaney i 5 eae niazriniin snuttutudtndudsan” daibaratnannrrseemudytieunn wha mi vemanem AMeumamevinAnuasdedu Mollngrnilerwwesnan we asses udrtionléeryA al Df we auf « fo unibfeAinatestomuscraimevtoana umengnanerinylaliguirtotenervomas moeluaesanaitimue “ituueduita” Tnengmnedlidindaann we assay I lhawe hy Gakowuethanan we qs2AKe iAunsilnaeites funadiiginae sear wor au Afeqnmamatay nefernsosnthsauduAuuds uvvioniinatevmergn flier Vausamedn mnngmneuseateclifundinosiong finteseytt dens aeylTuussanongmneuvusewidsd sne71 cowed a3eNhy ular AMMAUVaNeseD Grimm gn opaevewste (segulng)) navllfedourtumnenathensenaiyeA amas (adutl ota)y Pansraiie “nad laiddagtownn” Duraity dafdemoslitwtan ware stunéndoertannamadanhtounitutaumngmine uiAstaudwnongiensviasy Tyranny wa aa7eKes Tami biteaglonmuinty Tymdonerathwnquatunnatls ngwaneandya urbrwn7 wat aaaedias ael¥orurtunaiisiiakoon uiheiinwteseiia eavtabitae lwnineunadliiey lemon aaiiywn bivsesofeetingnaelnllitorutunAtyian ide Fil wmnngmnouseaefee liana Is adh wlaunetumnenafitlaaey be aaanctes We wivurinsdidnMocamnngrwonin ws wa TanKON woofierneTeyl Viti aflyenmnemahemeamiuiiqanins (atu o) we. wave! Sondnafonsdtbid loom maduaeeeeientoomatusoenans iossnigyrmemeanhseantheewusinin faire sesneretadenqninin uneitel utara fuuac dmb vigSunailaiasutuum unesrotodady Uaenoulunqan analsswnangmaneBReTIOnAT WCQ eens ramelUE vince tear auedas Wiluefignaetan anne 0) eAfiifoommfelel mnehuvounnassinmfowingentin erauansdaeionlsil rosns ton dangnmwdirh 9 fy fmAcemnmoumangmneatiusantisuds don ‘Wftunaifai bitiagtanruactifationn +9) ALAiown sosnmranntusausiwAadorsurmumnndutnd mtue wma: Melumansevivin ewduiudwivdedy Tneitrsaordokplansleinduetuntanarnaels Frmietamiandranaventwiuuunesadawhviulleadunousoangraneganinal® (hw Tviniminacisesngmanamamnemathansantiggiiqanan (ailut ow) ainiva uneom Dormnstimrans MUNTETTNTEUETARAMING WA. we'da ARMM AAs IuauuMuReT Ie InlunsAsNA TT usiasinela) 9) aAlsiiahtoomtionnngtioomduls uumelurmunadensoseAwos neivfomendnty MPieiudutrowtoseanBucdudwarwfuromar nowganinnio Firronudadhhiphumerniengmneqanins wi davlevishiowlelaigereiutatnaostk ronmatianlaetaemBernuda Iumeugiinaqamnssens ales iurowinemsausys uncetfusetinssousmmarseanangmn we isierinaAnNarg) $77 es’o-aa’> wna Aofigalnemiinnmdenndendafinnabitesiiiownud faeitmbde anton utehndeliitos ‘dtwinnuseunay tela tourigiemnduncdiowwmnunnalsenangmneisawaANE ng ana oe’ wertsdmisie on a’ udsuauiermunindausosarstleewinemsousas 4h eflwinudemsbiusommy dutonutetanrafeaiusasnmamalzsaangraesd AwaanANNEIAT MAN ce FeMMN unNAN ce Monday “Fonevleiile Videmingnadé nate lSountrndiisiign out ontudaAituurigdaswmFourhyouded Anitiuntosvetudoventn Guwdmascdaiuerrsou" Ho town ce AWodwh Mownwiogeud dendientonbumnonnanedwh Menljdamumensydaqamna Wels IAT] wer TTIAKOD INA ONMFOMaNBlidudgentoosFuaemnmamety famanammenns kee TAKS sootuAAniuvoourify SAAN wiloraentoowomn sosnmemelurruanie uinaRaninutudwents “iWuieds “WFu” munssryga qamnz (aif «) Ym. bee 3977 eo nrugamnaAlinsAusosne rs hues fofiwamwermagin ft aea/oton”® Srounquadonerninaty Aeusarnch wnn woe aanKeslahoAuRoyynseum SonmBoctiuerafinutumauwamausn (0) dawfinheuhuflthediqan instigation uncdonsin mod iutusuaedon a Ld aTaUNIMeMiseD (FniMIMNTZN ooea/eeow (Vasil) Whur ulleed mafuntnésemanamanrerniqyiiqanint 14, ea’be 30077 ai dd fiotuthamstumsind vilsdensiume dauinn fam ekob/ecaet avtull iow nopint wees4 4 Of we atti « fo senliemiangwineengn ana ae SofimAomemuntndealseanangmnsagy sa o> TH bitinadiamaesietigedaqanins ynotinas ws’be W107) abo Faefoniwnw wo! dutlatamnlnuwssrmlqyiiqamins (abull oe) wA.weco ane e wiliusiadeln inarinan be fl waswns) ab uvelsssangmnsenq? bifatuwnedivenacdoaty ty GooiliiieubithutaumeliareAlil wo) udzianan ve lithoAuiTeAbifinnlesenaunsad Fainrtostoais AlorssoshuesiinthaoZTAmman an wee asAdoy Fig yAly Taiawnsuta Seocrintewaangyanung x1A9 ato anldatundififinn oom atinsination ‘itow venetostamanassielignlfqamins 4. jes'be 3877 aivo eonemifuamivid wen naghosauigiitedtayyne mifdiine gmaven uanehstunsulundian Aldeanmemasginns una weadons aque aghossaunigifetos Tneqavitieiutdassotielafnwnidisins a bioreuqianlAtingyaneganinaerafiantato ngmnutnedhaterin AiuduenugaoravesifihetesdonlMuuandrofniiuaouuy Sonata Fafhant Also onaiqanansfinsiswautlangminemnd iin wnosneraesindym mifenaanan wea rises Luloytulhmandvll A. MArsUNIANIAT? we ITIAMiN UrieNsETINTEYTARANING WAAL coe Fmiluiuiumniio o uvelsznvavanicdgi atuh mow way Witerutmiumn aii “yin we us rer vosnFoa site InrungmnwsmauqananswZounngmarnwi Sufvaurigamnsdovisuoubtaylunrwsnwrvosminnudimbaganins viata tid winowudusimulusces ndnonrsfltdouon oylunvniny moss uneitnsiigad sv: laFnwrVumuqamns SanosABeuasiutSmungmnotonsraky biembumaudiotua veto” Uiquatroutlinan we aaemtle omeinan we balyylultdovousamieset Enlinnnesodiytlaqanans Wel wa'bat Hoxtuenainwrsasminemtandafiqanins sau woiinmangrnadudutvurgamnbioghinrumnernnnn we 4 udluanatsos aan we deme néundrabsAlssosiinuactubimunresntige|agamins wa warbe wowe Dormstimant unngmineduduficuriqaninity Wetmiwmwureduieds dlongmnedqyyaltedul we aisenite niu Srnireres usvands (sosvitmmungyinedudufioauriqanins) baa AMA AVdnovoyluenainymoyminadantaigamns Semulangmneliideroth aylunnwinsvanminn md antviganinatauitedingmneiitonnasenntesiumalinsn qamnsianinaes AMostonontutnsaqamnsine die fu iuarieniinnag) eo! 11 uviowseviigeiqamins ynoAnsw wa’ow Fuity 4 eo a a ; dumanaenediyiaqanins (aiiull on) ynoaney teeta s1H77 w unclAderlmiunn 4 weil “unen bol 13 fladaudoutu audi daomnorthhte go ud wiody Wlnovremale Fovasdunufiniuuastsaldidarams wiavasiossrria nievesios thy nfoiishanlusrnorarinslaudsilldshugamnslougniosna wietonosdunug dhuvosihintantusrseranin7laundnausanns tor niotas iaduhvunyostund SerutintosensIneusutuiuainramsdeldsquearnasidaurin ndodgn takin wD) wiorinlturied7 uscwooroursdusosdaumanszraallAumoau Tnudyindasdoite arynnslasstostulnenfonrbl” soreuncinqantunaseuslmnns we! 14 losrninan tea 13 SHonribisonndos Auwnnn eo! udensessdiyiganins ynoAins taoe Sttigwtunnterwieenonndion ussmourguifemmaanat bo! evutruriali ninAameanan wo! wi tydiidemaie “demande Dadsathtned unteanie db Zo untotnd touts ny “Presduaugiulusesthinstanlaundnduse ins davtumnFodos ria Stow * rowan wow i flitofnonudaturowmndaeybuenafinm nA too! srufiéruacun ee Den raf) pufiendnielh “iAuatosMevszmale 9 lunrsnandusnFonuramniiys eee e ern ame can maniferhmiqanans nfolunrmninusndonerenwndnidusumngnantuactiosriala 9 eee nee cued ae ee Ain ‘ dufeurmaront sovevean vuvostu ifuveslundiiudr uaemadwouyes Tow pa cele ate eae ee ee omurvedor om Bust guavesmrzvinesudonsze.Vaywanesno nave yn Ty ves aes Bee ete et atten aeteere pufuimenathyl “vandestortnuntostod indiu Ay uriuosta aa Of we atti o ae FINAN we SAAMuAsUUANsTIHewafiniMfniaaso ns Forhy wo Fodiiindyafusaymanan wo 14 athelsfimnunwn be daflsastsiuinlaeniaédnsey wliqaminanfofliiinqaninalougnkoadarluree eninatae ioeaNnn eatin? ls! $8 iniisith Plnionfonrvoshiaaldifurms niouosdovdara nfoAiaaldsrugamnslew gnios ubauntunrssrve nts nwAa” wonhurduiaanatamaacen wx gufinde wnnidaeriowita say dapooiiensnadumiysifusostsimasnnoviadhaleas lasers vioudlusosiostvin niefieAlaxganinsinegnitas vifialgurh diauiowtuvefiannha MIAN eal 13 Mio! oR a NiNENEMAMONTET Ni UARANING (AiUA on) we usTopat vaca Aniiratarmantunnatigdianns eo 1 dun nampa“. Llane a eae ea oa ans ngranasinsuameyansouiiries Pondndestanana udovaedomty dedmie aa MS ee ee miorthde #0 sytninfotulSTaovsenrsledovosdons ait Silaitmastny...nun7 asTnyynnadinsin. eH larmnemamins nuiAanseuuneniindeslUMeratatanterty Ae neva Aufineouiwesd mandesrnoranietahintun satlvhuaannanenghisrangmne dhleh mifinseufunindesmanan bot lumnemaiiléarynnsi) dhutouiotn da Tignties donsmathokwudrtanan ear ecnfngaufiniiailudossinsavuncdlAdaqanins Trugnitias daumrnuiegrufiinuaculndudomindes dodinnhetouty vy Povoaduen Piviutunlastnaouniiganins vieiiueatantha sossvin fénnowiuinn wiadusost Safllheiuqammlougntostalshirecduennamemeannn wa 1 athelfimaitadastutgnfionwintuannfenn feruilennn ie wi erounqutiommnannn wo Mae Tnerenaesosrrnning finde Adnunctuumeniyeialy Tuan too 13 Avautils dauenafagnuduy sonnesy wa Aesanudrbiferasfertos finan eo 17 wansrnspudlsaraeduituarafinm anna) wo! 17 wid Adondaauelifatonnn WDudtauthusominT tot 13 + “uscnarinadiutlosézumenserintadults udu Tau Srintosaiisnynnaglavsdoviulnwngowrlsi” daduiloarndiudeaiuwnen oo uve waernatiqydaqanins (otiufl o) ymofinn we'co unsanAT ee! uriomnesmiydaqaninsé Doumstimand (adit «) ynofinne we'oe Yhibiingmnuqamniationne 9 fav wunioufuanndy alana ha waménuaemavictumateutlsannsy teal ni Ao TuilegtunsiusesneavenanAn too! YA fumungranegamng lila uMumanzanangraneenqan anAN am 16 (enfwnwngim Fi clo/eeoo) daumasefumosna Nina lsesANgMVAIAT WAN ao (AwINwAgM F cwvo/icoio (iequing) withalAdnniunindunemaemusesnmatallmasewn Apmnvergndwandraiunnsaunsnssuduenafieraanas wo usenrsvefuromnaefid 3997 ee urieWazTINAqANIN WAL we'be TeyLAY AofinrsveuAlenea wor Mi Yh Werosmanan wo nt dranaglussuusoingmneqaniny dalinmeDudetstertunn Agwaneqanans myemussnsrafiullemngyariaananalne basta aeanangmenseryy valingrineqaninfinrawanshofiutauns Uwandfingyanelsidnduditelade likfinnrra dum % Waniinnrmtusran ao uvewsesrniyeiqamins ynarinsid cow wast tariulniuny dod “winv) ow Goniiale 9 dudssr usin uifuaostoumrauiuhd 0 inten crus tu nTonroucdulaié winlslumahenousoutunforroste 9 duseitodon Fumungmnumuqamnsrawnhiiuauin uasdrduesusqwuoglutuvontonvusu wioluza inten eum, dulsanghivesdunstostudans ainda? ruthie oviti 9 duper” anann eve nerfs “wasittelldisenamd wfoitostrtandodoutw” talvinguts sasfibiondemiusitos-meamnileugnioaterion fieutunuoutlndormennan a Rendiratha “aosle 9 duseitoosSumungmanarinbaogamns” wabnnounisomyy aheumfingminegsmnadyyaliiy uneitaerrh “ngmnesdaegqamns” vietimne prnndionsesiaiiyeiqaniny ynoniay wa’ve unengminetiaegamnastiud 9 Aifeguas selyiitumentnine Tila qintimadrsaeiibitonstamshanlanalainagananabignassiuthuanadinna aA) bol unomseTayAqanins WA wa’oe Hiorirveamend ada monnnoyiiniely, Haan 9 vonsinnevesuarimunlneviemalunafiengune duduerafinmaanen 20A we auf » fo unowsesnatiyeaiqanins (adual @) ynofinny wxco tu diniuwm: Audensus Métumamsosiienin LioghaiemusosnsesmyAqanina we, ea’oe 11A77 ate flee Sul misiue eons fondu lUmadsenangmanseinn wan an MilnAT oe A rouflailialtiinaraa ngmaneqamnsm fuse uueaieliiemlasedhalaasluBongrane dy nvuveuacemmmeminsneeifunniumangmnegamins nan masecvemuyes nanowhafumamangwenegamng ribinalodiwectmnlnamanserRengnneqann Vinatuncfintsstvinwaindety 2. Wonidingrwuinar eo uvisnsssiatiydiqanins wnodnsie wocrow duflumminan & wiwnsssmlypaqanins (aduh o) ynodnsrd ocwo uasliierlmiuny ast “win vo trmadleftvotuntaldoygradunrmdudr ldusaynaase nfosirly doiniouriuso rhuvoute wionourodseonty uacminnwtmiaarawutyvestala, armulumutudh dye ussyniudr drfoow nSsionarsduid wFoderfosvedatya urivoskuls ing iiumaysiadauusemslefs rousynnarvooyq nd uecrofurins smiuaosty Ioruhagnunsialumsuegumd dovss7vInvuiulai fut umunmnse sourbdnaumimsiivod nFodgnlaifudul niorousuei uewaskn/ediutoston manzsinfiediisuiviu lavivindosrntesynnalascdosiulnyn font” rosfhnafunfeiRougrnfuehengudmuanas vo mnemnudinodtbidanmeanan oo Wows od Wi uviowzeanatqepAiqamns (atiul «) ynoAns7e wade doutteutaan mute og unvio ow winlemenasenely atid we aviufl on Sure wee ann fnfiu® snaefvoutlawesy vo sae nserntiye]Aqanrns (aut @) wnstinays toxwie ane oo dautluudumnite ec uibalaenan vecnnizlfi® atl ote avtull ow furtAH eee yeiR “seslariigeidhinolaniuinfegiofuRuermanerhuhsesrreieamutusdata turers ue ivernndta dadsndveontisaitoornassina ved aniultidusestHusltostudedumctkiewhalseine 13h Auduemsrdibiiriinestuttutuaay sifedauiihusiteuumssesmaumasenmuls Deerrworumaly fy udueisuoulasegond> nawldtoulwteneluid sufubrareonueléa Dormstinrwns 9) soutlassnalmveosinerianvin “Inv Sulaifudndusmn Som urhdan Pamsivotu wiovrqnlakiunnion” ity “Invusulaihutumuvnndoeunrdrnn samitfivetin wiodrntaifiutul ndoriiumvi” onqantinouositmsinm Insiiubitutntuumaltatioeiandwueiad o fare oreo diurenriamifeu eo 1 uaa srooatundeuld Invuiulaifiuimiiuumdesiatuann SoermuMntuleutubimwtuauum daulmwliy “nSoequraduudamsiivedn” & fol’ umenmpinrefiomniudugunntimasutumun Alnwiy “aw wrsouaushio stuf” WK (0) seusreReghurme nish vontuiTlaliurslomitaulensta qehuummeing scan idores sbunveontiussiulmouuvaapuaiercac tn 7 (9) vosthutiidandiveon tibnnnomitnfunrenveontevestverue nays) (0) ost natveontumetunitsthiiue inlet was (9) osvemudue mere tuunieutiwuatudeventundveenty, suatenrseenteaivtuivtoenrigsives radosesndventy nradavrunstiaenns, 3 7ovenuans Bue wnsiitaubl uactinrdu qileaiunvemudue inst” mesromiiygiqarin: (adil «) amen eae In oe 14 dautlaAiaiumiannsy «uly mrerindiyeiiqanns (aul eo) nates uncullumimumutie ex winkemmnssnniclhi® aul wie actu oe Gurwn weer Tyaihhy “sosfidsoontuldastewwaksmnvfedstkthuvestiRuaRestutemunvblitesdassinn doiigedits Finelookuiiogioi ute umanenimamdonmoitevsneutaursyhaesiiatanturrorunins WiRuty ernrsudinfuseakinsaAtagentultidaburiinewads mandrincinns Goulesorelu (n) soothiutrarnbuitdee wingnrenscersyshamuduerns (9) Vianousestiintitet fun nniie weuny veukcneu weurrytiuspstidseen tidemaninincun Foduaiituseusiestenncinun (9) soakulddseontuinrarinfesia tun vedseendesesAoerue neat (9) reahubideonbinobanithiusltutinseststilun nin foun sfeuzeneudhusesiaveen Wioliursquesiidveen Punturrserarsns une (3) FoseAuduernsmeluunfeuiustihaevoniseenty wiedulerrere can tueatahuna ttt sutiténrseendeiionusmaunnsiguives nidseentt! nrsnyiunz uenarons 7 n7ep ureut exnrfishubil uns nid 7 FlniuorsseRuuernsia re] TA we aun o ea vonvini@reutlalne “dentutfunnden” doilegiud Insane vo ted ‘Waltunfoturinds Inedaqneusaniiaifiouftulmemnanes lo uvewiesietiyaiqanans wnoAhaW wave deissnalnwsngnbituaud vdoriurted SsnmuAleiaeaaslnw luda diduditeniuliwmainnn too Aocfinseralnwtenttivnin uncuiins “fuse” Sudao qaatomnathensauvanamerhane nanan vo Surbiewltuanateussuvinaneyh jamadgoaninin nw Armaan wo Tnvdserivhifenn wensind tule udguiads gamnslnndunounnstiounmadseonfdansnananenadadMbinransye tel madvsoniululnarants geseonee Adee lasrentousenanelitan tuna masnradieon Mousa viitigelaansaanci@ueraonudeuAuiscoantonlseinedulAagety duscdulse lo sowmsughvronhemelnelnedusn othulafimmmaroruleyemondaielianwade Fo maysiasetueinaninds usclomarsunimeraatentuntiann oviareruta ulenertactunridiean Fgunadenedathanlened ig meuMlodqunnnatlestiuuee dss mimerhenvinnnaanann bo Semautleumtigii@inan vo uncuntiqdn 9 wangrane qamnatudontuaumunenvindas Foveninituda 9. Heth ») wonvingiiewemiautlawnislmwsacinan bo bigidu Adoutinswoutindes aah sith vunathd ck, Aho edd mvfurastine nntofa sear vo thytth “bit unosibudedu Aurtituviouscrost vduioy duntodiuts Bs arias Pen, oF aA nee lustuwiosbudtao” uniigida binders osesteneya Serautladwh “uaewos rnhsdiuilossumanssirnadisudedu..” Miltatusoduiiioriiadh totaatigdA 1M oe AiidemsuauMlolute «. Aoneradatody Siueme Aunfomaeduledl suroomananr vo TH uncthiveddurnedtuemmusrietuianiammucin Au voritia dae nruuoutly 19917 bo Mo setanafaatuanAT aie fuouNledan odafition dasmoutlowinn vo Tnelitures “..laadhindaseiesyannglassdostulmwnton tsi” Hiumauouftmnan 20 Turhtuentenfiutseuflenan wo ni dsfingnmutudvain 9 a. Wutlanan cow unwwazriiiyiqanins yond econ dwuitumninan o uvawassinieyeaqanins (atti ow) ynamnst wcwd Tnuivin asaedie aitve Drserrtternnt “afumezueud mrlumaam Mostar a rAMiuacd Maun sMosUITIA maltinzoes vane” unquatunrmerfin x17 aole 27708 Fuitoowin astuaduAnsaqamnslavouMND ‘Wthinamanmaqamnngdudermluirton® nirrimiyAlizoumnedtostarhnonunnds pfliuneoumuorosiuanisossuanlATMauMnetantw uneliteyTwiesuAnieres |B UAMTeuMnetunn uta Tufehfudusetymangraduqanins? mauptainmmanenadgniiangiane magaminssslanndoluduchithemsemagagn sinitnadenraqugediaraativt yrmaduuansrnaduanaqamnalioglug mefiaciisnande sanrWosiownmimnmsifeaudvedinive nanan ndvemamineuaauan After ede uvongnsenan® maaatudandn nsuqanntsliiudae omensiqamnntvtnalgiAa snudinsranaerlniontedniemin af usssne7 eoo® uvvwseseliqdiaqanans ynsainaay bebe tlaenouAanan a ufone ayia euySw sam auMi Wel Prhzsnaradinnlpiiqanine nantes (aMlwfiaAs: fiquitts wien) $8 6 of of us Siyfiadhe de oct of o« Ustie ea ol ob Syuiin Geammeumnabiiemliioumungnoet drogen we, dathuishidaetumamniste dnineunnuenssunengein # ur oboa/bae satu > nangiasl wee’ As cola ueMER MT yeLAqaM in: ynenaT” waver FauTlaAaaalmum: necyepiqanins (aiiutt 6) Awcets dyaParages Wh “lunsdinnadinflenfiverind 7 ion 7 weenngnrsnsasuensiurstit minsrunenacustonraaResaienaisesnnreReste sie Saar @ miarnandonratiegiowtinsks qummantatlinndos mememumeuneey yuolownuils yonsdounartuthalohsameendunragenine uaesviumnenn en rdathantivesnnnty ypragihudwleliiidund “ofua” Wilubihiamuiyawounuussnminnutueolunsganintdnrshty, enestureia dalretudwiunrnalrengia uaeontedetudmiunmndduindathahem una lioy unna Wutraa Whendenton Seyi woe luni le 7 Gutteataoqaninedy minenadrmbsfinula 9 danssvims lace ned neve: siuterstuilos uaevinanifesn qutal qubvduedlalimevitamele Seana ox Smnstumeds ney mraysih malfiinamavfansmdtunndy farearunls ‘vacflaljiidemiumemungwne rife daw Werisln vieubvewnustgiueTludesta dingmne jou Healy vores viewiuomuriguueTludesul Mimuateanmevtimnladued sty wieilhine Of we astifl 6 be lode ty Aeuznaaunangwsmidwhnneantossaummanan @ udeatermunadeay Sqr URNtneMlunsARaMns naabduMounsuai%n unenadundaefMeMiuAT A ahengfit FeobuisoantotoAumannfionndAalk dauanan oo wh Aidudosfngmanelt SnoethwihiinerhmalidateatveduMumatutomdoraduedturns untiiaitases rom biatsiiunnsl te mreurlesuRnaqamnassxeumaneltonnottosuslatsla shou Manaus MAMAN ad UMN RaieuLiaamuduanY hy wtih doommardnoeild der lasiautolaingmnetiggatiduodidy udllnotwienetya gaming Tatiyadan oud aw eanravlestas audaiamelunidianafadintourints mt soudaresanrniostashunstdum ana ox unvwaeratnuliaa devia ausuaes SelsovenseriaTAee sanwamamBemmeninaaqaninstseanddetalunsaqamnil oo veeae Wandin eraluzanosadeuugiiqeniny Iudeanaienidtiog uneltderatmlunn navalaeio flomaieturimunian ool ukemiesrwbiyiaqamns WA. wx'be Hh nouganimouene ‘Vihear wise donmluriondotolatunmungmane uistiysuAnroumadizey| neon mnadenfidusreouitel tas uteyiiatstonn sites nrnufiqyannsdandlnunrieanddevalumensi atts Aieuibiniaasitiuannsm seerdummentfisuoed vain wan wiseAftiodtestwactongmnetintuduton tenoufibedunfiimemtndufetonlgimannans st maftoveysiiaet Lead maui, ann Aonsina Sadumnasimininn SueasibnmsmeeeeeTy nem autlangranegamnaiia We8uaimamoneuémrstunnanmostauawoudwnstumanortosturtsoseBunls Suge duthelontrlonsgamnaiuedh earns eaduteransclvanltuonutmanagam nla thadeemeeusunely Ghawhuninuerweuhunelirswhumitulpiierannunuls Frelakl se ow (q) sfuifedinshunistawheueuinneltioseiuh Ginveis Sémemmosinniines samy dourIMIMANAT oe WANS WiRgieruMiatoud viegdimmnasen ve va Seriufin doenmeumrutiianmluieumangmneivonqanne Sauk, se-vbe Brnstimand aondsta. masfisturaudmanmigamnstudauds 9 Snaananese li unagualfacienreuray sandy uensinilvemsoonioud madam nectuiititinansdianealunradonmioriae Suilownvimannal erwtutousoond Aolimafiobutesdonionitodtsbiirssiimits- Tnsriionsaqammurhvumsuttengmne ineeBufinsnaudw ravenna red await uiernimnsss wisluuredramerdonarinnnlaubivoudmnttuniessulllé nna voutlongmmnemandnreriotiiarmndeniubimsutnrens unevitimaudwaramnan qamnilnesaaduluinetse8nBrowanndets VWniimiasr so m4 uvewacainiyiqanins ynaansit wocow deuMluisiulaunsssreiydaqanins (aiun ow) WA. eco uaz li iariliuny aod “inas1 eow 13 dntuerademAT we uNsnrsrINTQaAqANINT ynD- e baxtiechets ‘ re ae Finzi wade GuitwAudulannan 0 unswresravyaiqanins (ari ee) yns- P ce 4 Ain710 waldo UREIIAT bel NI uNsWazsIMTyyAqanIns ynsdns1T wave Gourtls uduleownas ... uhonsesradgaganins (auui..) ynsdnzaw... uREVIAT7 me ANAT) oe uazWIATT ae uxonszrImTyaiqanins ymsEATID wa’se UREN & uacwrAT) @0 unsnrzTIayAagamns (adh «) ynerins7 vedo Hr IMuINAW soushornsahdawudafund munud wow msuenuhamusiar bo uvnt=s79- aygfaqanins ynstinsy wave FurlwAudummnen « unonrermyaagamns (ailufl ob) WA. wea uncumlaviniulannnsy ... utonsesraiygaiqanins (auf...) qnainsiy...crdnaucimshvedufunsniiumnurnia lkidudmevesmnznssunas dausznaurrugumunsaganins gimunsensaomandouscdinun sucha vfs iourou uazaanrsHosios ussnasiinnsnrsumsvamsnossondullbtito rudusuqumufnseriaia shulumsitscgnMostosdalilunsilunserutadiustn lunriieratemanssenty idodinpdununasdtiguuntiamanrenszam seis laud MrAmINGT Pa eee ere eae sanngniens ques mises uae UAcsaMTNssOs OF UA L¥sos08 ud mavzzme nisunidin wonrsulaemuvesngnsenso btlssmAlusie- Aeonpunyya my fl we ali » bar binmsns sum aid mrairrandiithtansrmmanssenits Dundfoyludaur sosnniznssunrantata” Qemanoutlenan coe 13 dnsin tuusiudewiolud 9) 3A oo 13 assAMa (0) ernatnmatieySuscaglnd ramasnnenssunafeenseuouusssAns Hoses mannny cote wi asaAntls fate “rmrsasnarsquehornashadeudamunh Ayduunm” unddadiiticuinduetind a tien we, eee tutwmufoudaututh erroaduiiomauadiann SenzwAlatinnensimstd ureieioufouaannateston Tnernndintisey Uae “somae snares aura rnsutdaeudamuntausuvn” itenmlisen effi owaanntalyufienennnmosienion tevRnnefianns mavieuvieuuse vonrMostowtoniuaetninmaintduuasasttedu oflernveutlenien sole ni a0 vis dons dawtourrenqnaunneAadfiansd sen 9 vinutesoyluanatuinney rosypnanmudhefiuzeneuiduduanensainny masons lifinenaeuray viawai siomesvirnraune ar aaduoaaurififeteonneheliitge (e) sawTuaraanfiecanmiosios amannn cow 13 tuileytisnmounaran unm mnisfosnan wet uvowsesnaiiqfaqanins wa. eae duMlusiaialaenen 0 uvonses ati iqanins (atu 96) ynofinir weeto uAsnAT aow i Fiamolmit Th Gindaunsbinnensanaissommladornmehamanmanen wo! 0 Way ove sefininiaT too! 171 Realimamevnamnfinm aan) wo! iferiow uansinilsosnaremanreT too! UaeAIAT? bo! 11 Fidhunowuureain Ishihinqanilse eMac wo! 17 afluhure Fivannyeanmgamins ulster lnwmesnAT wet 13 shan lmweaanAs was fare anquafinenadiamannan too ni aniline ool 1A UKTEATIARAMAINAT os! firma unmpiatibeainfinenaanan wo! 13 inmailshanan aot 1 umenmdnmianeT lee! Uasinw27 loa! 1H Foniieraonlufantts dovssvoutonfentwity matersonie3unien Ougidnatentitetietinmsy ym Saimualinnanwestontivennfananen Yoo! waeanAa? wo! 1 TEnfininnushieniys fo Koadunsdldl “sm mene resquRhe mnt Muutnfuntauenm”ba’ Bosunstinans (a) Wixndinng net bincsnsaunsié weiss an mertaananteyanafin oraanan vo Tunitifiaudiifsatwiunhnfumum nravanaestesnaniery POINARANNIIAT vo Tey TMNcW ens LAMAN cole uNeWIeT ATAyKAqanins ypnoainis wae SuMlaAutilranan ¢ uvewensiqdaqamns (aiuA ot) we. oatetes nAHEeI=ININAN vo AiiyduintaoudulAuda myvtaneAumdblelyn Shouse VEsnoefusedawauehn Staaf bigedn nvsenvlosfomngwaneserhmueloyludawre seseduituanceuda uitoyiudso nanan daltewuuarld nanierhenadiamanan bo faonduunenstomofumslaudacrtitmadufiganiann — Feaierstmualinayvin soAunrivfiuntmniioumumedlunnatufinsousosnniensiinafiscennostos mrisweutlenan aoe mi vents Aonsrasefunrasanadesiuvnnranalies yneratiudiqanins wnotini wave Huriwandmnennsanatesterrentvesumuns: peuensaumal’ Tne flationrntreussuvinnanssthieanaam nanan too! 13 uneanas v0 fondnihemurnadhousudamanserhenadinatentumanssnhaaadereyshanm aol 13 amenity dymaeylihanan cob wi aAnie Wdiureenensumifeanntos SosrrnamnannT wo! 17 uneaNAI7 bo Fy Forladanannhannn cob ni Wienie thoiu ldawifenfianan wo 13 une ana vo AeuTRimuautlenmnmaneikay Fllsnwsy wx Mi wasn vo scully Tremenaiiaqammadufiviiin wearls unsinano:ls Siowtwhelirion 1») Tithanan sole 13 21AKes Sunneflodontuudenulasld Alisuthates UAlongrmremonadimanouNtmiAn oow 13 TAM UNTEfunmdeAM dushlihedy tales nfuennsyanatunrseonngmareann waennuklongmanvarahacaasuwasrnifinl Honsnstlensbidudeltaemauaeniasine 9 du AngmnedutidaeynhdagnaAersoves amiumurragrariano uma hufesinqduaneastigumat hinansens an aadivoanngnaenszeNeu sme bobulfiosnouiouunssamailostodrslsitonuMlangmanedungs 9 ti faeunqan dionintroiy wanviniléusuelted umd meiansiaisowsurlA woeeduAlugwicd vaguymaanmaganinadandiniefwann SemoonngmdemstiesuAnoud wk dadoe ort Df wa arti « bet dBumrenoud MAMMALIA dounaaauniyan inane misenin wianaalden uuaangniennilihiemalunafienyunen ie undinmaflinwogitalutungmaneganina unengranedy 9 a) Wifsanen col ni aa7AKa0 thanmewnanddadueMuenninensanns eo UREINAT et UvoMETTyARAMING yNBANTIN we've TneTAIPOMATWTINEOINALT nrinihuumduthundfogudwnesosenensnimaat) coe ni Feu lfeu finn: sam atasios usidionaqamnaiaionitustienndndiosnes et Mandya fase samamostasiuhdeay —Pitonsinwillunaitogludwwaoeniaqaninidonmensannraiiee fisnoinis dhuoaimeriestuianstlorssinnmatauansasAala Tymegithemensan oishiflomavaeAensondosins ale wien mqamnsoreinaowanatastorluiaeas nadhduililomevandulé uncfofieronwin eos 1 udasevfintywilanaulguadansa Fnviawnwy ow wi Wola wines wot 14 TeyRnaAAll dalmensosnmeraehan thunthdntuym donegludruremincisrrannvieciufeuunssnnaestos natkdinsya ynnnaagamnnisuatiodtinnenaunrsiavao kasAnensAMsvianseiuuemog ads osnniensTUNafetiouoURZIAMaMtasia’ innsiAl sun seam ator comuansnatin Gdoutamelirhanan ool wi Winn dy dlovoatnaliindgmmondinadwlA 4. Wuniinarwiluta ©. vewias oo at wihwsesietigeaiqant- ad i wail A 15 WuaAns Wd wc FumutuaruMT o UveNsETMTgdAqanins (Ady fi ow) ynsinst wees uazlildernlmiunn mai “wA37 wow af biauailimnedesuiuiuumuncs ian seulouresuarinua Tau tdtuoystivrntguund lunsiidotut 2. Autaguinsouniiganins wiavasdantw davdaia lunindutanlunto sveankibonraeantn uacenahagmnssalumovoums Ifiindreiuéuumuse oe eo sna tdatat: * aa rivinTouas ee niuP>ywsnAT usin TAAL MF uv MFavesnav iow MW Ye Dittntwsrndunaliy daurraitaligutsmrwusivds Wiinsinihudusrstavouss oo” Aaoumuotianinnan cow at to o. usctiWernlviunn dofitlornaniionbe Sn runstinans Win Uwuritiqdliionnatih “uasnaufagmuysialumsrefums” windy Ineldliiore Sorrniih “eo. anulingiudnssuniiqanins vForowontw dossoin lunininianty wfossaontyuonzixermins” “inquattaiutonrulnity iloseinnsnsetarufananas bo 3077 bo MéssygueruAals diwuPuauoulowrer vo Wignaerrwvufaraanrdsnsia “Gerudagmunsinlunrsyoiumd” sondrudaluta 9. tasis manputinnen coe 67 $9 6, uerennenaimanqufnmenalthbioweety rivind ua afinmnanaay bo W Sumaauilelisietusa Taal wnoretwane dA aman vo Fue WA wee pffandvaibinnn usssenslmsaTnAN vo faites “Tn vi lihuttiauin manurduaueimsivedy q7irqntaifunnidon” uisionmens- tiqyfiganing (alu ot) we beeen « szuMlarenelnatugvdatin “Tnsusy iftukmiuvn” udofnn uriderezomaaniieudaud wanghimanierinenan fhanndy unernathoumunrnadeiinanndonaysielunssetumstutwaufige ann oeneanugiivrenhenvigtiann Usenauiunsiqamnsauesuluviedussunysdsoonsos guna Tnuandunawuaensnradveontiazmnvnaivty vlna fostwuncduawn naerinernnfemiensinaltamtonns Usenaulvenafnend ae nurinmulsw oneal qamnemntiayyhmadseonnelasinnysinetums dlovambesaulautatoyattinay ormengmnedlitigdaishetutunutinahtonealy SeruAlangrineliseduauumune savials UsemeusclsonduaiorecudseraaiunrineveanmanAn bo ous sefvauun uasitontifigaminsaelAsrhdetelannugiannssdy manaevnemafianmanan oo Iulegividiiondahaidudiaannustuqalaion Sor Ug ive riatemendhateainags mrauflengranamaumiorh tut aidoatuduun kaenvinferwanysoth vialinlortwacdoulswnnerhanafamanan vo WH naaduannm1 Fe if we aii o bor a. Wiuevsuntinuian ow 99 Wiwwsesrniydaganins (atun o) «kw ; a WA. occ dudutumutia wo uvislssmenosanslgiA adul ae a ull om Funan wee uarMaru lium sot co © ickime th ee eee ae ‘nn? 9« 95 lagiinoasturasenudwushwosihiuteslsiamelumsaonso nea viatszney wioussy womseseanlidaiosouscine wiodstkineaslsiulios fiuwes IuSotumstuidosnnoulssine afuiintegfiafutuoumneszoygnalitunradnlse mrensvamands nJoswims wiatimMuierigure myasiySidudinss dress ures nFomsrnaauty arniuvsetuumumasrsearnsyud tonite Tavares muniouluey AishumanrsAld Weiinrrnsoondsvoshecldmusuernseawres? ee ni Aifulrers Taufounitousuiunrafusuerns” anaulimavutlmnan ee 9F Uringaniufinnastueins fi nA ope] (n)y ogne BYTUA bol NINgTeN loeny FifourMrseabUAdr OMT “matuatasiguin ayntiydudonus: duos winraHsamernooumusruduysehuanunrssasceinsausiA soutouriuestbinsrenaanasy on 13 ik bifotdunasensstunesswomrewhtiygh ‘tuanar7 9« 17 wo w3.u.qamns (auf «) 1.0. bee SutuaunruAlumndy w.z.u.ganant (ailiil «) mA. neato 17077 on 08 alkérurenszrinte” mareuMlewinn o« 08 utinaonfornsacMltMnquatreninnnmadisls urifiion sivhsetumsdustunadiean omemndimontivitustinygue sayntiyfeontuehn UsetsewwremMesain|Nty dancravialddamons rununrabtowarad wsefeeiny sith fed eeafunaandslashelantsdsoonmaelitondemaoszdionmadwserabtow ens sDumsnndunulunadoracean riebhifnanAatuarineaarnustsiubuthunentutudrern useinndulbadotn unaqu Ngwnegannaiiypatuanviowtaauiudd finsutlaiuyguiinanlagnsen vito ‘Maonafosivammanugiionantsina uingmaegamnatésiermnunwiasoyin ussnouriy anmueseghouldenulasly donéomerulseinare 9 oiidunan andeaueraontlanedieba Drnnviieans sowurenanfeanntudes 9 Iguiniivlenneinfiwadingms *hivianoatnfgamin SfomnniderieuTiFnasuluensduangey bie umstnfumderns nvanrveses sonhtryovrdieon mafesitakrulnumanirhanafinmangyenegamny nadia ecnaathabamalgdaemshe 9 (rmionsnn) tad dvlonkosvutmavnbiilsséndon anndedy. Vdunounavhemtululasemansant Tnedumngminedinvudonindgynins Jemungmne Gamasemasveatamntia ratebimoogqaenin yrs uneninennady antlumafemangmneqammdafduae 9 ukwumigiatifeaiumaestuuaclyw- umamanierhenademangmneqamnsbintrerne woftseullalgmeine 9 Aindutuleyin uscesifintuonrnAlé - desandunarhmualtoonngmenawateioud wena iuRAmoeAn: MMM MUBNAT coe Ni THANG UvoMIeTNTyE AMIN? NA weds MuriabuA W rhithitesfuatenyamins oouneniuennsdy 9 duainntumautlengyaneganins maiudgengmaneqaninaivetiuaayinquzesémons nin whwtmmddanlaumueltuda Srofiu TuernrmnnitinnlgyndaenmnieAulingyanoqamns woanmeawgfiaaldeuuuestd viarhunalnethincsthetonlpiAmannmmnanerhalnda deiuitoutlnkinkengmne qamnr fidinueslAianadlfonsraviamevuncimaunameutlaynén siterudsuniia Tumaeminniafntarinn ngmaneqamninnemuscfinnadviovsemegullHAVANA UAUA-ANA tuwingmanedeuiey finn Usnfi* eydunnamsemnahieduyndommswhesena (UN-Convention on the in- ternational Sale of Goods) dafuoltnAuniausl we, weno UMoydyniliiion wand ses undinngmanefuandhsfiutussuungnanedie 9 Witt lAArgaiiataatantulse i anand? oydtyqniiiondnifeativenafaaymiusoyinitua-swasl hana we vovysiqyn twos shruorhorsnomdeliinns enuviAiiudumedshilidemanonsiandelpineiaua urimnerumoraudumnarhisMreuseds vtelaenqfimaniduladneznewdealy foilipindusmescnonrhimaual® shulludusuetiieysseevaeiyimonoTy fo udamerifiurrumaiinuansigoltsududusued biorsnowdelamutung ‘VitiutauodutalAdmnieselounindtuluttevslenumadiarhehauawud winthakudundingrinegnianserondinnensionse! usenéhtianes sntttn "WU, Ui, M. jur. comp., Dr, jur. (summa cum laude - Bonn) evsietuisrdancustiinnad unvinendiy srnunnané Tang Tnditnd van “oudityryriakandyy donned fe naietae Wh eeess inaseinn” tu anaaaAenand DF eo ealwo Bam stierans nomanulner{uundntuanan nee Uaanangwaneuriounswndiad 71) “Fusworoagyins Tnersexmoniy mnfliicisustanririaeiauedl seuennomdurionamdunnmannedye ‘Wirhswoatlit ultefnuvanogias usiteslisnnstinnemstorsel@mdnngmanedhta vane guifiowhmdintans ase tMaalehnaeanndinngmanelneiritesin othelafa Tnetanaaneatnedy Shundniiifansinnnammanngmanstuseuungyane Fohatiathiaein naveiuliniintet Sataormnnad toniingmnetiogdoonsosaondininoash Foiliciowshterion unmrad sennenwonuedlAiemutudioraghaomnéinngmnetontaus ngyinentoufieumaly® x . aX . Tqyritiastutmumsfintuvadayys Tungrnenmny Sufanitasiids aqqndanindudegnadtinhagan lar shuswe-auovtasnashy fashefiven Roumsiivlsutlesynitaiiumnruauounerauassos FurinesholetMuritntuios divfidaletuai dqanduaansssoshe nivte Oudanssy Aigniti@winawheduluannamigniuMwuashy AugnehawniinsadwmermseAinsay shadeaduaansafifinninmiusnasmisvesyarnmiien unedtuanAnldiinsmadhete w Daimaannaiy ayqniduaclardeluninky Aadluidinsasoswhanraden vognsdiits sauherheiaunsdisuasurinty nadexfindguqrtulAfneia .shodassinolsssede: yniufiueanemvosnsuttuianrmieaty Insuungynedalagiasuruedn aan furietafiottitndqanty WlinavieaheserintanrahemerteMuciin usititinaygndy flemnegeiuaniionnWosnotufssyniutlananssaauatuitiea Summed dhnkduenmurnedundsesstientuin nqufuaeninngmnuns ausiiimant qyoamneciurtinedy non s/ores Gewmdauligtuumnnd duududulaewiunnnutes offerte und AAnnahme saniieangwarenliunsfiouyes Zwelgert/Kotz, Eingfuhrung in die Rechtsversleichung Ul (1988), S 3, sass Srandilvd drauorathaftumruansnn bilidinsy oneninheauedlareliin lould we afoulastng mata leuk ve alluanlnstniactodudtelAruturmestndutya duu murine Aalgrucithuiesmmuanesmufithudaunievestinesy (ufiite diyryn)oinulUsng Lange, BGB Allgemeiner Teil, 1974, $36. 1V.3.a a Df we auf » oe 5 eee Fa PE een venvndimwh Fygniiatwedwtsuds wssdudiginionteMedopmh wean Ae pe me ee Er 2 hafindhuitols Unsrautain ayey wing una regnadienw Woonaatiludiutaeyntanunnn ular ateyny wane achesh sor iowsiattunnraf@eativaranaayn Prutuauazeead pron tennnsiialarind wiouilagyhalnan maneansorenathtennstulatarat al JasaynartulaenrelmsAnn’ AviidosayqnindudolaAlltidyn wmneseuungrenefonane shoFiuiudadeatertunaitigntenandorerauiilsanaatvlalutun thanastiale Aqqntitinduriut tiblnnasis Aquynflaiin. toehontorineumaunedadwniebianas Juv umorhatududuasll itobitumednviold Ailiqyneedbiorntindulaian Tqyndiyyafndialad vevfndhalqwivtunsdignsdifecosmhwogynesinviulnerces: na Whurinasifignadtnfosesched Rogawtatn binananfiaverraraadtarulalutinn suths Fowrtefoutnaimaitostiiommumanheellfain viuermne woioadnsdutestin Hnlumsfomayauonieaiuomine Ianatuiuilileinadetumolléetiy nhysurumwe selMuuacrivhoniosdanduanlmotuaminhowenty Molutadurtuindudelayen wsuouda Prisiorlucionlidunnluvinh usigsdofwaialuncesntia wossinaaurimaiinehe wSlausinscamurriaemiociarunnens Mifindhuatua yrmaifanoseherialal qynffia muannemuviagegvrleeieemel tutovonlisinndaluiniesnity aifaseuaaltARneviolvomw uiasle danlAchiti “Tey itaonaymiive sshurwe diane ghauelhhnuitualar shies Tudynil tihaeuungmananunufiatesininfulannineuudy fosontunqugd unt Loefte-Theory tuaniefiaeuungmanasine 9) dovritenniiyy wiidenatindufiiodtognad ‘Vusraamyniiniitosmanturtenacheuia Aaitndyg tuudarinty usingtaw Loefte- Theory fife’ ideVuanavmiihlusa fusnnenwnfuionyniuredndentymnaenros Shviwh manqu gl Arnwdontinrrdovountndtiowurifde lldwneysdyan urithunane ynuvinauNAsioMMUNndsAIAM UncriMoNoaty Modan Aa aesAunae uA vam itis nevrafarheehesnayniummusmwuhesoeny Sagntanmesiemnaniintes graft othalaAa enayninamuamisimuchetiemamgsgi luanagniuid “owls eMlundie" _nehafadhéndrenisleidhyniitaeriuanaamawhamerturmenmeatvenyBnrnsiimans ynitwrowheuanfdoneiuduas nqwiistontentls Aolfesunwlétn ilovireuane eisua Nonfuayniingynehisuertal uaciiofinnauosiudumuediumeluam dunn nqwsifjoh FreuosdontiundoundslideTurenumaluiegiuias dodynanatanso rune wonvnsevusunuiied afaaevufulentenewy Buquda Insewungyanurine 9 sindininoisadig ayimanteaty donoscuunaanlid « aeunilug)4 Rasta’ Ao @. TeuungraneussTnautnton dafhuseuuridaotiuagrituiostgn lo, eUUNgMAMUAEQaWUNsi, Mure UUM neNoRuaynMuuuatign a. seuungYanenegel ange FuaMafaaynitay unas lo. wavaveidualussuungmwnutasTnauindan ‘Iuseuungraneuestnausnventy Iunadddmeailivineaaues shisuadoniina smudhfdebiiuamiinun daubinsdbistimnan —dumetionflaansurhiicbist wofinroftmanithunlidausuadunaly achelsimn Auruoettoratuvslumuifdiauenen sawhumody uastinenehiew voor uanolungmneuoiinnumnrewtite Aaualitndcouraaia Uipnia as uviniiebitinnanasiuduanerty Raeenqsles Sondre auolusenuuastne- usntanflaagnmicentnn UnquacinagyiissuuuasTnsuantonden PristhearagnuannouThiwaiituann rene sowdas consideration dfhundind Ara mgmanesinquacualusrey rooinnannersnets « Nod idrateg 4 sail prragnitumontiecindy friadtognadinshentlAl consideration vfofinevruntens shonnganuninatieuaiud vig luiatedyudns runue-auosil whise'duri wistoves Schlesinger & others, Formation of Contracts, A Study of the Commoncore of Legal Systems, 2 Vol. (1968) 4sfkinngym winufiuudiah « yrwnioufuion Tudoufifiveiumaue-auestuiinruniiqurediy ya wo Tynan Feria laniiGeuldinansAnetiuttqmonhitwulnclemavtinreiuenes adodiadururudes nanahuuenegdnudihiedlamrsuungvanesde 7Turodeutuunelsstulaishary wensaniidettunnna: shiiggfins nn vAnruFuuTounguneviuestente Schlesinger, The Common Core of Legal Systems- An Emerging Subject of Comparative Study, in: Twenties Century Comparative and Confss of Law - Leal Essays in honor of Hessel E. Yotems (1961) 9.65a * i we atiuh » oa “Bute” dunrmouunuurigitayqndndhentiouda deonellurinstidomauuny violas Seunansegnia wiolAfinavemays (under seal) TALurifiwus uslnetinvavieuasosis SinvinfulnedlAtinniudomoumntuinl ussiinaliiawdwenee snfdluzevungrane vaslnsantinsidondind iedsbiinamues drindumefibitoaymivanaruanarta Tunacifiginarieuaiua udhituerusnoddannsiuiriumelignitun adnate hemaiehmowumiesordeesnoirise viotihasuetushnyrifstagl east ti iis inrrwtusedsbisinames (option contract) ius usaf reaylag mevtarmmmauiwanadi Furuno sphFumuooreivanoeusumiaenselahlA nathan fualeyiee dathfiueresne rubidetotuvauishimetandsivedoll udilitannsmbestelauntnday wielidh goitvoutuflaluieninth Iungmnsaadiy unng haf wedifteaandfanenenandn luimnfunamiin consideration athiwnivein ubrfnduivtunadirimesd, gamevenawe waweideal® Prothody dhxpssnaugaaietumvrantabudivseysrmedriants usclé laenmehtion ulna weg mae guns aImlAmalitinoel mniiumnenet wuemaiegeuds ngiumd ave af uae uennondumenm AlAs gunn {oun nleyofae la nademead nde tuntyouact Using henndnesiiumauwatded Frusuarenowaealh Tastromqaceine 9 flaruarh Iunidudud gumrd waslivndsue Tno§ wiorhenortgiumarithurieyarm® Tuileytiusingyarne The Restatement Contracts 24 A981) noma anmarainonmemalibannn ca a3 & i Agee Vhineiuauolaugntanas ly gsudnauovstanrsdomdwswelountndaunosnsov'r nilsorhslatuitaunrrantofoludumuorti usewrndeandmaéaninaubusss uscnrnse Fubilasoudnitoutol giewoszuennoutuevotedld otal ovadeyneuwwarion niin Rovoylurousnameintiuty ongindesbiltimmneymasIy (to the extent necessary to avoid injustice) wwii The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) Fsitualédoeu urinatgane 9 tuouin envuanigqedenia Vein mositiyg Alaa te-toe +h Leng A Northwestern Engineering Co. v. Ellermann, 69 $.D. 397, 10 N.W. 2d 879 (194) : Drennan ¥. Star Paving Co,, $1 cal, 24 409, 333 P, 24 757 (1958) sac Tusny, Colum, L. Rev. $9 (1959) 355, wine, James Baird Co, v, Gimble Bros, Inc., 64 F.2d 346 (2a Cir, 1933) nt Va.L. Rev. 20 (1933/34) 214 irene,ce a serstimand lansdinagomurentraotnts duauohidueudnwaldny svoutnaymiugiauomaszu: oariimuald nfolunsibitrinmunae abituaynmtiutuasmonunrsuniod lain ou savluheimadengy acensianadieseamangnaevesdongy Pinetua lieved) owned WeanTundinngranefiaaeiiy (lege ferenda) héuduaditrmunsesieiell thmualiirhehauosltmunteetinqnraclodhslafintuitn Liaise liieaubshvoanneng “Wil consideration adheliff Saauetisbilasunnuatuladangy madidratad dhunaiivingmanetiyatusostiidumuattuaynituliauo daflodutunse andy tunsdlibidngmnedusas naam: mudinagnitevesturnedouththinandn Common Law adie SuySurduauod’aiiduane gimedouonsouiuawelviane adhvlafia Tungyanessnqafinsih Mailbox Theory sniirmounayoonéinuonnaurrisualano ait quusaivt mumdn Mailbox Theory vessangy acuanwonfinduruAfitiud umeleder anes Tumshiswiid binnclnetiniowhauasacghinwdé wlolnetonournuostMurinstusws udaiaeiddule InangildgantaAntudurriouraimanoslltssogrinducsue nandotiits nainfinadenqelAnaiiuunansving divans Vimeuad a. acon” Tuniebunundin Mailbox Theory HlAfinadamqungiay 9 snagurenmeuy wine Vintienty Wllrieiineh saainagrnmasuadont hinwdldifatunulaeviowtanrads shusue Anfuiogiucuanerhhrmuaynslinats Mostoufiowhhauentiladadtatiogin frusteudalnunsy ad wlatinn Tnevieeduneniuileintesaenndoahusmursesgnida wenn dusts dokuSntuchiuwalienn. onquafuiissniiseuvmnenenatoanmanssgtol awinfinlamaresfyinerimmelumstianBnouraualitiaeiqatiuiay amin Mailbox Theory i doiiurnmuolAdmnauoslumeluswdiduds ayy vind Ineibidatedeiatanesely Avfpnehummoudonioli fod tuuellddehouoslimeliawts gyheamefiliorsuennon srumelAénialu — netafalunad wanna ateovedgiurisualunadifinvennewduane oralloveustuios Puri Adams v. Lindsell, B. &’Ald. 681, 106 Eng. Rep. 250.df aa Of wa atluf o ae ‘Sry Fiqytay Mailbox Theory ffa nowsigeediniiundini hayandioaymiugnad onaresharhernaftamuyniiatasnaets (consensual nature of contract) Wein mnaminaas Common Law vf nmausnasmnecnda (wanvindauns) udu ndeasua mauennon Frise mrauanidingygn yes Aruurifwedtarmur “hide Aiuviady usicmdunrafndy voritqyy nin Tnefidrauecdinams Mailbox Theory fly sretwovtastuadtedienanondull maluawild Widotiuandy “hide A uaqy teerwindll utneauonfascuiume TWhideiunufinw ovfidu nidith gw luswdhdshehanoslucetintiderheauesmely huts adwhhA miivemmnelubitesiud bonougdabhDutymitnaestain wneuiingrane Senqusetiochayynoratintulérts 9 Frearllbldagay usllumaand diwhauestifinietunns Rguin anVidednuoshimelussdduds wangini Mailbox Theory Baiiyadounaet wmanuiidelimeluawdiéith Inert! danseiienfuandeiielh anctaewnqsiias Court of Claims vavantiiu Gafiondwurstued Awrmiigandusrise) Svncrqan€udratoeenin Mailbox Theory” atislshf exw venenafond alanine usellunralmudievinwanaedian® wonerniity Restatement Contracts 2d (1981) Asasrnwuntiyiuiwmin Mailbox A&unoraniailivaly mangyae & pranasAldtslldagtuemi#igradrauosléitamualy dourabidgyanasnsluruAd inn rmnostiiosneuosnta lyf (an acceptance made in a manner and by a medium invited by an offers operaive..as 0m as pul out ofthe offeree's possesion, without regard fo whether it ever reaches the offeror”) om. wavareudualuasuungmanelsunia fruuelwaeuungmnemeqalanindiulussuungmneniadd Tudms uneoely i sgnituiunnanivrismalusevungranwueddasoutfin tuieuungmanenarnsdnoyn “ituluedl Dick v. United States, 82 F.Supp. 326 (Ct.Cl. 1949) ; Rhode Island Tool Co. v. United States, 128 F.Supp. 417 (Cx. 1985) ‘ling Cornell 1.34 (194) 632 ; Har. L-Rew. 62 (1949) 1291; Yale LJ. $9 (1980) 374 Mich. L. Rev. 541956 557ob Dorersitamand sriswnregnifinnewaelé esrurhAtiudumedehllmiosiuruswerts exholsAa anal Shfimnnsowniingluaune Tnerondindathgismelirine sualeartwmacaniirindaaues wild isueseffnfuannawdhutioléfins usinruannowrhiswariowiur mune Alita idon viliiiuetostudraldendulmmeunn® atle Aivranettinmenedl SowludansdA AUAfimariamincaeaeteute usltintlsewndimannaAmtongdinioladwds ucnehh errermnnelirneiuedatuerusnerianaiosilimebat mune masnerias 874 dqyvin nsdhaenaadunadfitmsnnaothmunesiam bir aneslnensewntolal uaerhwua atendniissexraT meds EhudqmtafiectefeeAaoermaudunad 9 ue? hana idull wingimsuonnauehisua — 7ueModanlsionwhehauasuardqyyrdan bio reeaiy nolh unlifurriauodonflanddencddulmmounaterraademe Suiiesinnvannene waual shrodrady nadivthvootwuseiify vane muactihweos lporimnTulAgenls doangtrutudmmition Tunailutuddantelat anasanaculnenseneiaehumuor sys dauinayniin ohroteutiuatsnorrellauteiuirmmegiaiissdonerts hynniiniven nowhisuarawtnuemondya gnedontosiuangsaliehaulmmmunn efy eriftumetl oil finuottunrsaelinind Tnetétienedsounindtiauonedumasmlianagemeflas Tyrer laduyarirnlirieuauetosseliaubameunnbunsduannouduswe iSuussuiudsisonieattienn showiias® huda: Giauotostuaemamndnacitamaanan onde uvslsenangraneuisliaes nafonaifinnowduaaddunanseriavingmanesonti VWirhl® usinvafinnouduiutanonstionitumsdandtumedan dita quennowduane 4afoofufin dowinngmnediacsSahaniiees fe Tanvhaawodla wansin Fomuadarhaygntudiuarminuda — frnrusmadaucuomudayminludqarvesdnadunite hynues dyqnesdinhagan mayqnt srinduodongniumarhuadrmnnnd Civ, 105.1968, Bul, civ. 1968. I 162, ©° iv, 10.5.1972, Bll iv, 1972, IL. 214 Se arg Civ, 17.12.1958, 33 10..1968, Bal, i, 1968 I, 162 igh Mazeaud/Tunc, I Nr. 116 4€; Ripert/Boulanger, Il Nr. 329. (du Planil/Ripert, Vi, Nr3; Mazeaud, IL Nr.365,al if wa arti « oo snasty aqunentwhaquandiviontuqnurshediurume uncudyqriiteiuinds Tnetoiiurcrummelinuosiulneniens fafudtofisueuennourisuetuaiyan fitmodantios Fufia:nudindgugnestirhaiygntios nasi hgyhehinodonymiumadygnacdahdqand —vwelYunwestusnena Qnoroluvisties Colmar usziesianslunddomia Iuemaancina gawautenteltene aaenduFurignéy udagndalierdermiinesniudug wae itunaduselseyarwauay unetuenaheyati usin fisesinahaqugnia Using hifyhauevennowsutuelnedues Thawdawanmmfenarn Iuedilenagnorclifios Colmar namin’ dutuodonsiuayrrtad aio unlaeflunaitbilnngning wigumegary Mud uanosee wemmfiauedugmsm untrutolaeye fotwluniiqiouotslatartuans® wainfofindvautad Mrhoanscuvaner) umnenrifothadganereriehumaiy Burramor ninaWihuhwtownavemasoegnaddulneut ofa seinqwssnngugwsoe® foobtneh nadhilgyivhuuodegmtanaietitonsm wsred usualy meiunruans Lemingnitumudieniea (engagement unilatéral) using fjiifignlenddafumqefiunanuna benengnarinisaaalaisnunclausoondnidt mifibinaninnasivlia dintuuetosivinamnsngled vialignntutos mathnanrnomoreléndunts femabisansanendnuiuonsslllAresthnundhdeme ‘Wuridemutadangemnadasls scungshaiyuaenantvoyAndinmarhmaneniaemelungrane siutios FsoonssitudosgaAevosm again, shudumumandindoanstsanstumeian mayRUNOTATY onde ur=wANgMNUNedIaATY Maserimunlienlifmannsen Litrofideluomemafidetonrumiosdandolirinive? — adnwlafiftumarhnrutwtinh fidemumsiufngelichdemelturgmidniiam ifeuduendemenitonsbiinent nofiene © Colmar 421936, D.H. 1936, $* Conin/Capitans, Cours. eémentir de droit civ angie, 11 (1924), p20. © tuong Bordeaux 17..1870, 5.1870, 2219. Tulane Planiol/Ripet, VI Ne.132.oa Dormstinnns ‘widened anensanalggulsewaangyaneuyislaituandininnsiaeaiunra fwayniuvoserisuotital Tnslitioheinuaduvaietivindauontassvennowiondy qeavextaanmisl SAW Chaeusi navenneufisueduluagiurioufiusios: lds win yowanteoniad masldurinsdivalAfinvniveesianiliTneutda uritnginadllafietrutno shadiuerusmediiicrmunamie (1007 oo 1h Avant-projet) wenvinfaisuaianeiauda 69 dmainhuanan w sostrengmnudinwocnidliaad-Om8 doounntudlhsellAsum aly gaty iGungyanedaft fuhumaminteatn ngmneuvisdmériululnandangranesiaasdndunite nerve Aw) oaled uve Usesnangmaneunisdend éuauevierexiaerhehauavscnouideriondiaeesvaeniirhamn THAI ustlunrillshinncesiam tAvidianes danuannowruswolAqnioammudfselasins muosturniawe uaihiiudrimelitanstentiedslaasly owaeuqurverndeteludnuswe siulnagain fatlgriniumofimaciudnvnlieudemeduirnduurgiudnsne doloandilase mrzmieumanio leu guannadaela 9 amend ents Webinienanutitgmbvevungninelaiediuluethesoudn uensinmsfiesan priafinaynivrorutueuts coavtosmenentinlqnrh ehrauscdinadala uncdqyyia dutlolausenoulutae vnwondeafiul iterananudatunewiingids Common Law qin hénauosiuniioln wiadqyyrdautsnatotadudqmedAqmolgiA warwidlodeyqnss a0 Myindsuofflvereuennowhuswaldéniialy ueneandifadyyndauivas dfonindianrdads Vinaanindlunindtimastomannn conc, agen uvidihenangmancuvisliaes unedts nolifostunniedesiolunavinindiduguwtediomeluonnenqinnalfitdeltartuRnray Uqyrhaqa finds a flnodudgndtglamsiaded melagiandwaslumsisaon ano AT NuWorlFoAA) Pfliqyanéntae Gren evo thewaangmne% siolyyraqgnintudolaty ered uantiotufulywtertestel Marien TW 7 TU Thewetostaneiifongiinsnisns 9 uvend Rootamerhiemurfuisiovsgniditta cdudigntiaviestemagefbionsstmuhlunumusaesteulé naninagudianntaidunan Fernurinadatad suiting menelavsematitin ne noumiigeyaiaatunrafindusoddyy ly Trewsaw8s ovmemaiivenoninuuuaicrnedrigigngtinme duthaetioshansiiernyof Ee Df wa auf » oe futiniosougnadl Alautooierevideriowhenadislammoumetunfolal Fomienevitqy thifinyyrudayiolaiiwes adaslsAi® vnnaAnwuwaeriinns noveraduduvooddouee wututienadubsebignnrasoulnsensgs unlnevialuuda dultieinansfoytunnust Adusoay FMT ond, oome uvinhrnangMneUVNsuAEty ayywindusodiano “Tu mausinnsmnamosdumueud adhwlaAh Abniinguiug rw dimoiontutenano ott AehanesTttuflgawalhnodlfa use Uudleusth duamowiigailin mublewniugen suoadiudyThinnenqainacltinn bitaiumesou <. wavariudualungmnusasiy muungranciwartly gleiuadonynin wd wtuarawamelvsees vans suum. Tunrdivheumelned RiinzeeaeWirirnawes Asuodonynibam ne usuayestamelariinan omduenemmnelichdndeniieverhehaos Gtmoaduatundnbanan nee gaol. AgMAreuviaasMrAadvodIne) tuserrhordolamurmmefinsin dutosevonnowrruaruarod mR dy “yin” WA Ameena Hauosl “nthe fessaulainowinaue us yaneenahivinmumarsuannowdinuolndRundintaundigdasarials Fak mango smo fuuntiqgaiitounsuennesdume manerhudududenbidung Auannondusae Sovinliendemn. usimavannausnielredAundntuuntylarddeomnasnaatuns ngmanela 9 fongyanedatlaifinuannoududuaiay duos nanngmurermontertutiny fi ialseaaangmneunesasuT a nZn usstuusearangmanedinumeniteassin Gnas o, @) ae wnirineaumeliitosmaymiurorusuorosi Rihumoforndedlitouriuansty Vichaubilsessfgnitumeriauenls iduliiini “without obligo” ifuéia tunatidudl mousinaaaw th 9 donliiam meth “suse” laeiinin unig mendudaudiqysaulsinshovie Ye uaMe Cnvitatio offerendiy Winky Tunadinded, wangnadiénhenttwumanamnmoutur Byrudh nmusmnsmmmoutuduiudoniguety “sisue” winks aquqnseitindulan diefefinayn “haves” sanhertqyauliyineutiadurion adalat anawastivvonty naira wnngnadidnchenibarrenuauosnm ut vaqeuude dhefhadqemblineumorsso Borunsiieans n&uinaemtetiade Ail folaiwhed aural usueudandusadestunnasauosiud Lstiaudamaniinn stand aagetam nina qa auliriehutuelseatacitrhatygn fein sonbilnounlfitorutmovoagnaandrwviis iebivannsaupsld masistunaduilto Windia “neon Tidy shawostinndictada wsenangraneuviawostinilatouyahdumieusl athele nidduiiusenangraneuwasoribtmenmdinialufidy maudavwmuraiendoaiiy Surfladantiwalonausnneuniy “hillary A's ndinnrsilagidocndondinincusttatiifa niniafon sem riudasuorafouriomwihdeagseremfidsluidu Taetidredudnasen uncdTumnatudunaeiesiioin9 A nainvone nildiundntalayzemdnia w nin semhovdniifehmauanamwatnartuffidsly) Aunanfifadn uaa saestess as uy Aamausonymartuuta SutundnsdalngrossoetitulMungmnesdiuas dflsingoy Tunen ovo uxnizeanangmanauviacorth maumanvnur-duionanetiehane shie-dontia dovmaniuludigiy AolAnnlinglutosdiasagTuuka Inendnidutl ernuilosierufiurinns usinawmattuserhernafamngndslinty sqnuvaadeurignstivecashenthamnean gusiny camnusedemunnaisaumucontudMonauecitunstunvadaenny aoliteerathuifiy onzenndesionuindulvenhofmmmwaumsll daurhediuwwfidontostunrs emadesfarsifnuriammtunanogiudoationcmnuda narate Suhedsteanw lady Wsvildsomuaenarretou wiaUsoenmetuiounluide mniiiafioutortudestebaun hasan afew nf aanigluawchdvoamiunefinomyngyanewt é€. faviarsoluningmnenseuiieu sinmafivaentwuingreneniiouviey aowitaleeuuenadinnnost uated ayfaemty « uuu Tan stiaumedaamangnareunneraits Iuseuunounonaotin duane hisinayotuan uas"hidolmimawtiila 4 urgrive tion hissuungmnunssqalaniingy sumemisscezim Mihaveslauuseva doudnauario titan fulherphiuauome uasiuavethhisssescaniy Tae! finelifianthiinhuity mnifidurvevenouriuavoroutuqaszezna rime iuesdf eral Df we auf o so Arm uavorossuravalshawhamauny davhuzuungmanueosnty suewelhihosds aeusnartiniviawoaiols) douwonnowiuils nvsuonoowsuaverioussucriawow famengrmane cudourh duansonwn uaa bhlssautosynvultTanvausaudaty iauerasemuniy 4 ieliRieneveth atime nedolnaeuunnagniiisasranebingmanemastiitio fiohiaandy uithtumolgi@euudenquavsevuvesitivedtounndhsituilaaniwantn mumowifios onfdind i reuuesrtutiominnnagsiaios mangraneworiis sriaua Honvonneniielinsunivunusdhalslusedsy uelludndnunite ngranesenqwiitiac wn uhm rsueci ur uaiouns dod anostMurllswiléndolssnautemstvin wihfidasmundsludagiuuta Paauodanbinsuancowaelsdndold timer Iusevu ronnioune’ finsmudaniumacamdachehusueersqnuinnenléturewieAlAueumwa udtausidisbivtvezaedemastudagyin une TnsniefiiGurumaluaevunpmanneoniaudls tras lignnawrhituasuntvetuavescaa naval ushisualuszuuresnauae dune Boswunhgiul mele vussmuniviseenanvinulainerhesiviamuamielitiuas seus iuMeidewongnneydisuerithd —yonithunsdivhuauartuthudusuadalaia aeeeriealtiivhsues Taeunfvaeiunaetostfucamdiinn tualZiA nénngmaneweonin Mnefidvonanineuuda ovziftedeifunrusnvenws Aofuruaueuitelénmn murhehawormeluinnun Aquqneonfinduadwuluew Hilsidonssianrmindausamnls Four radiilasann’s uanvinilunsdiinm suinsederuanaliowtumnulgemulasl se {imuotonsstiowminmamusoroymivoly flrvenraakemuniehrhmuodll uso shaifoag ooeifyhehumedd aga arian rnaniiidy une iudsiiotinshentafadetaliaslenn FoltuBudoorosthesneumioioy Fes Urimumualaeioeteam wouanasmwtt oAulnatiutehmulahreawteegnineradiusnasmii’ tafadhadehutuatlne rine oar Turi 9 Flom Mas winuncusites en ithuhevtiougniiuearusuoroonn Sotuthe vairunourfAveuta Tqnalngilumavseerundnngninetiannanasduauaddauiulitonsuldenuua naninofizevungmaneuarins-aatintadaomanintoneesin niindos Consideration A wMohavianiwiman “Audie” funiniiosnfnotind MngyanwanenZayy ae yInga Do snstamand idundin#iduuginsiondinarmgnitveostisiaiuedsés dongmnelumeiugliusion {ndndelitonan vlolimnuhihAumelungwanedanqy biereaynmue Ae AAD IOIM 1h udtnsedseeadgniivmaduauoroaretusiaionn Souniiusooniinilyit Aanaviv anelugivasdiy lenis (Option Contract) fidhudadonMonejee rnd udouune bniugin worden oshelsfiftouim ngmnehdovianillwiamarinud Aofimadyangyne tornredhatanatigena 9 snndudan 9 Innrrmuetieraatiiagniin Indsuneftiseuuramouses quifiowi maldanBtunsinawiasuemwsninalerindagnsatinanindhayni 9 Tnesinainouna reunited iinnndudes 9 uitinseostufind ninenrsuatvandengmneus lamplodridechnsliaraeubutumslianddlisoussuan tind biah ‘wonsanvnngyanenuosiid ludauffeaivenagnivrosd smash manngmane ‘Tonzuuduuda Iudawiifeniuniinnunmsaswegorvalanicexmufitatwoxtnnderey shy hlfler fv fusdineonnasttuttemin i tueuududutin anamiin Mailbox wy Ayr tionfinduflaficadrsuosdarsuoslumeluawid mney euongmeluzerhemofllswdetndemneuarly owniinaudaaymiuiinnoumarindauas Fevlurtulnninoowrstnaas usclrianiehldmnenwemne dtiiowasdon ayy winduuda wnaindetldundniirie iifinantennurinreondy Foviin Mailbox Aésleisoredasfiundingyns TUswaiélan ommemamiinliswdidlands Isudidladitenladad sags anagndeniunduty andojaslauana daundinngmanetatandnmninadie Huy ty niaalichbunqusts agiundinmnimeludadudasfiennurinanhdudivadiés usctudundiniieaionindes ‘bishacllé nainngmnneaniivfife vemwniweite “hier {iu Aaflnalunarinrusnnsany onluagludoadionayjiutudnuniefananninrolinigiudorivjiemn 1 Sufundin Aviastlafiudmouncraaoavinis uridadlundnt a lAtunsuannvenwielayyslaeie: woslanvaludingan Tnendintod nruismssarmdeovaanriuannsmnrsentragelaaan iy HPusmudontulvodwlliialtdon Fomavinausnaenn “hldar vieladathadeflorenquen ues fluthhalasredntaei eal Df we atluht © aa w oe %. matszmundnngmnelituauni duane ssomynontinneastt eee prrauanshesenhonininnsftusengrarenne 9 Aansnafatnodud vitdomule s AE Kogaatuath todtaiterednifonsth detésinsateat 7 mialzeernsndinngysnenehtidmhantadudedbaiimadhdaastl ueinitelAinater AgManuenmwh ven nay Mem atomnsunindsentwlsenady npmneiAdhndngy uains Aiiwch Soma nat rtaidudetanmadon taninngmneenmwhkaamadtamaggn domestomiamintsewhovaeine (the Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts forthe Inter: national Sale of Goods @ofinaluwartiuitad af oxele) Wiimathestundiuncustiadaann indhuvasdiqyq verre vungmanesae 9 dauthendhunoufdtandeduientin uithanandrinausttval huauosouynri” tigesuacld tSorrondinltheruaaarsnauitelA 4 biinstinerh firm usidiomiemefidtousemyt wna @ ann 78 9 Wnotountudiauenlt dsdtwerbinamolgimmomngminetbihovinmiomned eee udnhennngmnewavarita finite nein udehueuprenowtelA unfitteancutn shitmartmance trams TY viafinaiay lt wumaynityyianinno bla Frumouuuioubiewsstinnenl® Fovutse Sronriaayniugrhener aman otliiae wosinvachdutuarelauri nvaveaeieses via seaulnlgiirenthity wouniledimanath wonvinih nvuannoushuauadnseria Al tanvannewtudaronsne nngain wiondndotouncndlwaruvdodamondinlgia manratvitissan Gnéiae (is not made in good faith or in conformity with fair dealing”)°* Iunatifiehumodiuerevennomdnld ania & 2759 of uvvauddiqandonsnsflians Hodnl’ Thurman suannouthianosstiosTuthiiurhusworiowfitiue iso Vaehawas andsiiyinrnusua assthivitvesyunsaanetemudauq aici Mailbox Theory ait¥lh sthavancine Tredalamaligiudume Aemanianneuvicrwliuduoulidululasns Samrsuasludadrieuauolnnds athslafiMlunsdivitindedanadluud dyqrialnnthanalt Hitnraavenenosludsiieuauome Mailbox Theory masudaqqri mavdamuasluday o* doufunraufieufieuniniflursvungminesins qTuengumaawtes Cacmmerer, Die Ergebnisse der Hager Kaufrechiskonferenzhinschlich der Verenbeitichung des Rechts des Abschluses von Kautertgen, RabesZ 29 196, 10, 9.oy Drserstienns yherumoriionustneriahiematigyirummercvanneushiuatuqans uridsbiibiaeyqnuteaa usdaemala Aududbalaforetidss pla nondnhdaamaindusosdyqgnaaunaocnin ngmnuweriin nimfalunan ¢, ’, ¢, 20 une oe i maummiweunionmaladqyyy Wineefunavhehuia Aamuos won suansownusmnemureedaatviutanausnaeAM thoy WhiteiSuude sadlaudons wandulusasosinadasmunfuludosmuvagzasiiuuits vaninohimentenindlaunsiuerinuniiydmnen o uveoydyyrtaens doswsewhialseine (UN-Convention on the international Sale of Goods) #s\Funsna tS Tumowtusosunermduds tuflgn iaaltrharadatagindesomanardiiaesehusua- stuecluudngraneniuuifiouuds mdoatulAdmiinngmanertushoyJamdenininnstvarey- qo inonntormsendwusemeaduilfifeninngmnesarty nile vanwxeonty ‘Viuniendulavmedon luuiglunuifa qita 9 unfowtusinenduomainngyanndinqeante cdundn fodataaraeenduvdnitineus uanelaland weifiins natouniuamenstiannne wundinuuudenqy bimfon nach Ayes laindold Inflgatost i mainfutintoAe Aumioriongniins Gamomnuuvicontiuituios Tnented nainnafndusosdyg tuaygyqretudenin teri ‘Didpsiondamadaiqieingyanelne olhdumamanngmneunasedannmndududa wae maviuldmdinngraneminlumaforeremelaeine fsb tudoujsennted-ntuinngyne Toneeee Df we atiui » ae tansiaa-mivtaduussnau AUBERT, Notion et réle de l’offre et de l’acceptation dans la formation du contrat (1970). BRAUCHER, ‘Offer and Acceptance in the Second Restatement’, 74 Yale LJ 302 (1964). v. CAEMMERER, ‘Die Ergebnisse der Haager Kaufrechtskonferénz hinsichtlich der Vereinheitlichung des Rechts des Abschlusses von Kaufvertragen’, RabelsZ 29 (1965) 101. COHEN, Des contrats par correspondance en droit francais, en droit anglais et en droit anglo-américain (1921). DILGER, ‘Das Zustandekommen von Kaufvertrigen im AuBenhandel nach internationalem Einheitsrecht und nationalem Sonderrecht’, RabelsZ 45 (1981) 169. FARNSWORTH, ‘Formation of International Sales Contracts : Three Attempts at Unification’, 110 U. Pa L. Rev. 305 (1961-2). GOLDSTAJN, ‘Formation of Contract’, in : Unification of the Law Governing International Sales of Goods (ed. Honnold 1966) 41. KAHN, ‘Some Mysteries of Offer and Acceptance’, 72 S. Afr. LJ 246 (1955). KEYES, ‘Consideration Reconsidered : The Problem of the Withdrawn Bid’, 10 Stan. L. Rev. 441 (1958). LAGERGREN, ‘Formation of Contract’, in : Unification of the Law Governing International Sales of Goods (ed. Honnold 1966) 55. LITVINOFF, ‘Offer and Acceptance in Louisiana Law : A Comparative Analysis’, 28 La. L. Rev. I, 153 (1969). MACNEIL, ‘Time of Acceptance : Too Many Problems for a Single Rule’, 112 U. Pa. L. Rev. 947 (1964).ap Drserstinnes NUSSBAUM, ‘Comparative Aspects of the Anglo-American Offer-and-Accep- tance Doctrine’, 36 Colum. L. Rev. 920 (1936). RABEL, Recht des Warenkaufs 1 (1936) 69-93. RODIERE (ed.), La Formation du contrat (1976). SCHLESINGER et al., Formation of Contracts, A Study of the Common Core of Legal Systems, 2 vols. (1968). F, SCHMIDT, ‘The International Contract Law in the Context of Some of its Sources’, 14 Am. J. Comp L 1 (1965). R. SCHMIDT, ‘Der AbschluB des Vertrages nach dem italienischen Zivilgesetz- buch von 1942’, Festschrift Nipperdey 1 (1965) 701. WINFIELD, ‘Some Aspects of Offer and acceptance’, 55 LQ. Rev. 449 (1939).Regional Cooperation : A Mode to Protect Equitable Sharing in Space Activities for Developing Countries* Pornchai DANVIVATHANA** Abstract The principle of equitable sharing is influenced by the concept of “common heritage of mankind.” This concept is derived from the traditional legal principle of res communis or res communis humanitatus which has become part and parcel of the law of the sea, ‘The concept of common heritage of mankind was for the first time recognized in the General Assembly Resolution 1348 of 1958 as a corner stone in outer space law. On the basis of this concept, states are required to explore and exploit for their own benefits outer space including the resources of the moon and other celestial bodies, taking into account the interests of others. Emphasis is given in this paper on the use of the geostationary orbit for communications satellites, It is found in this paper, however, that the benefits derived from space activities have not been equitably shared by all states. Regional cooperation is, inter alia, a mode to ‘This paper was sckcted as one of the discusion papert presented at the Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications, organized by the Ministry of Transport and Communications of Thailand, atthe Imperial Hotel, Bangkok, January 14-18, 1998 NB. The ideas expressed in this paper are the personal views of the author, which do not necessarily Fepresent or reflect those ofthe government agency to which the author is atached. **LL.B, QNd Class Hons.) LL.M. J.S,D. M.A. (Pol SC.) Bartster-at law; Department of Treaties and Legal Afairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairswa Qrunsiterunt protect equitable sharing in space activities, particularly for developing countries whose technology in this area is yet advanced. To be precise, regional cooperation should serve as a mechanism that safeguards the rights and benefits of the developing countries through a regional body to be established with this mandate. I. Introduction The development of outer space law has gradually been made at a slow pace as ‘compared with the advanced technology in space activities, It appears that after the launch of Sputnik on October 4, 1957, the developed countries have actively engaged in aeronautical and space research and development. Only recently that the developing countries or, in particular, Asian countries are involved with such kind of activities. Non-participation of the developing countries deserves special attention in order to examine whether equitable sharing benefits among all countries in the world are really met in terms of both comimercialization and non-commercialization. This paper attempts to suggest that the establishment of a regional space organization an appropriate means to ensure equitable sharing in space activities for the developing countries. Part I deals with the background and meaning of equitable sharing. Part III identifies the problems endangering the interests/benefits of the developing countries. An experience of Tivailand with respect to the Thai satellite is offered. This part points out that 1 global international organization, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), may not be an appropriate body enough to safeguard the interests of the developing countries. Part IV suggests as food for thought the idea of establishing a regional international body for the purpose of formulation of a bargaining power vir-a-viz the developed countries. Il Background and Meaning of Equitable Sharing In conducting space activities, the concept of the “‘common heritage of mankind” is applied.’ This concept has been adopted in the General Assembly Resolutions” regarding the exploration, use, and exploitation of outer space, particularly in the Agreement Concerning the Activities on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies of 1979 (the Moon Treaty).? In fact, ‘Manfred Lachs, “The Law of Outer Space. An Experience in Contemporary Law-Making “(Laden Sijthof® International Publishing Company’, 1972) : pt, 2U.N.G.A.Res. 1348 (XIII), December 15, 1958 U.N.G.A.Res. 1472 (XIV), December 12, 1959. UING.A.Res. 1721 (XV, December 20, 1961 318 1LM 1434 (1979)i a Df we aii o aa there are certain principles governing the use of outer space, namely :4 1, non-discrimination. This principle recognized the equal right of each country, whether developed or developing, to enjoy the benefit of space activities 2. international cooperation. This principle, as enshrined in the U.N. Charter and the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Coope- ration Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 1971,° is an obligation under international law, which requires states to use outer space for peaceful Purposes. States are also bound to “‘act together in the exploration and use of outer space and share in the achievements of space science and technology”. In case of a dispute or infringement of interests, negotiation must be initiated to resolve the issue.7 3. strict liability for commercial operation of space activity. This principle is not alien to the rule of law. It has been adopted in regard to damage resulted from activities conducted by the launch state or any private party within its territory unless gross negligence, oF wilful act or omission on the part of the claimant state or the private party it represents is established, ® 4. common heritage of mankind ‘The principle of common heritage of mankind is an enlargement of the traditional ‘maxim res communis which encompasses the following elements :9 a) outer space shall not be subjected to appropriation ; b) due regard shall be made to avoid adverse effect on the environment ; ©) the use of outer space shall be made on the basis of sustainability ; 4) the equitable allocation of the Moon, as well as other celestial bodies, and benefits shall be maintained. In other words, the res communis humanitatus calls for “a commitment to some degree of cooperation, coordination and linking of state activities and to some formula for sharing the benefits’’'® of mankind ; 'Sompong Suchartkul, “Current International Legal Problems Affecting the Pacific Rim" Course Material produced for Golden Gate-Chulalongkorn Summer Law Study Program, Bangkok, 193. p.211-213. 3G.A.Res, 2625 (XV). October 25,1970 Nicolas Mateesco Mate, edited. “Space Activities and Emerging International Law** (Montreal : McGi University, 1984): 351 2SomponeSucharita, in note 4 supra, 9.212 SManfred Lachs, ia note I supra, p.125-126, carl Q. Chrisol, “The Modern International Law of Outer Space"* (New York : Pergamon Press Ines 1982) : 286 ‘jonathan F. Galloway, ‘Political Philosophy and the Common Heritage of Mankind Concept in Inter- national Law", Proceedings of the Twenty-third Colloguium on the Law of Outer Space, September 21-28, 1980, Tokyo, Japan, p.27o Brunstinans ©) the use of outer space is limited to peaceful purposes only. As enumerated above, the most problematic elements of res communis are “‘the equitable sharing” and “the benefit of mankind.”* Equitable sharing is recognized as the fundamental principle in the Moon Treaty. Article 11 (7) (2) of the Moon Treaty reads as follows : ‘An equitable sharing be all states Parties in the benefits derived from those resources, whereby the interests and needs of the developing countries, as well as the efforts of those countries which have contributed either directly or indirectly to the exploration of the moon, shall be given special consideration. It is clear that equitable sharing is not to be construed as equal sharing. The term “equitable” is interchangeably used with “air”, “Just”, “reasonable”, or “appropriate”. '' It was observed that equity in common law referred mainly to “‘correct anomalies”.'? As noted by one publicist, the exact ambit of equitable sharing “‘cannot be determined in detail until an international regime is established.”*'> The proviso of Article 11 (7) (2) of the Moon ‘Treaty is to be interpreted that the resources of the moon and other celestial bodies, like those of the seabed, shall be equitably shared with special regard given for the needs and interests of developing countries which also contributed to the exploration. '*. One way to ensure that the interests and needs of the developed and developing countries will be protected on the basis of equitable sharing is the unanimity rule as adopted by the ITU since this rule will enable a number of developing countries to participate more actively in and to voice their concern about the use of outer space. At least for the time being, the developing countries are in need of training in outer space technology, due to their lack of aerospace expertise, in order to prepare themselives for space utilization in the future. The second element, but the most significant in value, is “‘the benefit of mankind”’. The use of outer space, like the high seas, shall in no way be used in such a manner that gives adverse effects to other states or their nationals.!> With a view to elaborating that concept, Article 33, paragraph 2, of the 1973 International Telecommunication Convention M.D Blecher, 1979) 71 TZL PB, Goldie, “Equity and the International Management of Transboundary Resources” in Albert E. LUtton and Ludwick A. Teclaff, “Transboundary Resources Law" (Boulder : Westivew Press, 1987) p.119. 'Beitene Galloway, “Issues in Implementing The Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestia! Bodier”, Proceedings of the Twenty-third Colloguium on the Law of Outer Space September 21-28, 1980, Tokly, Japan, p21 M4 Sompong Sucharithul, in note & supra, p.l4 Stan Brownlie, “Principles of Pubic International Law" (Oxford + Oxford Univesity Pres, squtable Delimitation of Continental Shelf" 73 American Journal of 979), p18)mT sel Df we atl o «o stipulates that countries or groups of countries shall have equitable access 10 radio frequencies and the geostationary satellite orbit subject to their needs and the technical Facilities at their disposal. In line with the application in the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, outer space shall be cartied out for the benefit of mankind, regardless of the geographical location of the states, taking into account the interests and needs of the developing and peoples who may be able to participate in the activities in the future. '® Consi- deration shall not be paid on the degree of economic or scientific development. !7 ‘The current sue with respect to limited resources, i.e, the geostationary orbit and direct satellite broadcasting, is that by the time the developing countries may have the capacity to enjoy the use of such resources, the resources may no longer be available for such purposes.'® It remains controversial, then, how to allocate the fesources.! In view of the increasing demand of frequency bands and the scarce geostationary orbit as now existing, the notion of éfficient and economic usage has been highlighted in the ITU Convention.” Yet, the problem remains unresolved since the developing countries with their current tech- nology may be precluded to place their satellites in orbit in the future as they are barred directly or indirectly by the first come-first served basis employed by the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) of ITU,”! when the satellites of the developed countries have fully ‘occupied the orbit. To manage space resources in an efficient and equitable manner, it was noted that such resources could be “reserved for future use by countries that have no current use for them” or the orbit could be “subdivided and title to its parts distribuied among countries in an equitable manner”. To that end, an international space condominium was recommended as a means to achiever equity.* The condominium may lease or sell the rights to use the electromagnetic spectrum and the satellite orbit with limited or unlimited Period to countries in equitable geographical distribution. Yet, there was concern that any method that yields unattractive returns may pose no incentive for the developed countries to explore and exploit outer space. This problem becomes realistic when a dispute arose carl Q. Christo, in note 9 supra, p.310. TIN, Jasentuliyana, “Article 1 of the Outer Space Treaty Revisited” 17 Journal of Space Law (1989) : 139 'Sichael 1. Finch, “Limited Space: Allocating the Geostationary Orbit “7 Northwestern Journ of International Law & Business (1980) : 798 ivi, p.299 20sicolas Mateeseo Matte, “The Common Heritage of Mankind and Outer Sapce : Toward A New International Order for Survival” XM Annals of Air and Space Law (1987): 324 2! Sompong Sucharitkul, in note 4 supra, p.214 22clas G. Wihfborg and Per Magous Wilkman, “Outer Space Resources in Efficient and Eauitable Use New Frontier for Old Principles” 21 The Journal of Law and Economies (1978) : 40,41, Bnvid., pal, 13, carle Q, Christo, in note 9 supra, p.S81“ Dr sersttewnd between Shinawatra Satellite Co., Ltd. and Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co., Ltd. (ASIASAT), which will be discussed in Part III of this paper. Il. Problems Endangering the Interests/Benefits of The Developing Countries and A Suggested Solution. As pointed out in passing, it is in fact a matter of management for peaceful and non-peaceful use of outer space. To simplify, equitableness can best be achieved if all countries, strictly adhered to Resolution No. 2 of the World Administrative Radio Conference convened in Geneva in 1979, which advocates the equitable use of the geostationary-satellite orbit.” The Resolution resolves that “the registration with the IFRB of frequency assignments for space rediocommunication services and their use should not provide a permanent priority for any individual country or groups of countries and should not create an obstacle to the establishment of space systems by other countries,” The Resolution requests further that any individual country or groups of countries should “ake all practicable measures to realize the possibility of the use of new space systems by other countries or groups of countries,”"?” In the application of the Resolution, it is not easy as it appears in the wording. A dispute took place when Shinawatra Satellite Co., Ltd. planned to launch its satellites, named by His Majesty the King as ““THAICOM”, to the original positions at 78.5 E and 101 E respectively as registered with IFRB in 1990. Such positions would definitely interfere with two satellites to be launched by Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co., Ltd. (known as “ASIASAT"), a satelite operator in Hong Kong, whose positions were set at 77.5 E and 100.5 E respectively. Not only because of the fact that it was the first dispute ever in the history of satellite communications,?* but also the significance attached by the Royal Thai Government to this satelite project, the dispute had received a lot of attention and concern, and had included a lot of involvement and efforts by various Government agencies concerned. Fortunately, the dispute over the orbital positions had been resolved amicably by both parties to the effect that THAICOM would be located at 78.5 E while ASIASAT at 100.5 E.”? 25 Resolution No, 2 “Relating tothe Equitable Use, by All Countries, with Equal Righs, ofthe Geostationary- Satelite OrbK and of Frequency Bands for Space Radiocommunicaton Services” replaces Resolution No. Spa 2-1 of the World Administrative Radio Conference for Space Telecommunications, Geneva, 1971. (See Rita Lauria White and Harold M. White, J. ‘The Law and Regulation of International Space Communication” (Boston ; Artech House, Inc., 1988), p.183.) 261TU Radio Regulations, 1982 yi, 28Patinapong Chantranontwong, December 19, 1953 Pipi. successful Launch for First Thai Saelite” in The Bangkok Post,a al Df we auf « eo During the course of argument, THAICOM emphasized the spirit of Resolution No. 2 and also the fact that the proposed positions had been published in the Advance Publication Information (API) and circulated by IFRB. ASIASAT, on the other hand, took the position that Rule No. H 40 (Rev. 1) should come into play, which lays down the guidelines that a Fequest for coordination in accordance with the Radio Regulations does not necessarily constitute an order of priorities for rights to a requested orbital position. Due to the vagueness of the Radio Regulations and Resolutions, as well as other Rules of ITU or any organizations taking charge of space law, it is warranted that such Regulations, Resolutions, and Rules be reviewed, taking into account the needs and interests of all countries, especially the developing countries which shall in the future take part more Actively in the extended nature of outer space, e@. “space transportation, space manufacturing, space mining, and the allocation and distribution of the natural resources of outer space.""2 This argument is valid since the developed countries have enjoyed a lot of benefits from the use of outer space and thess for their concerns and positions have been attributable (o the formulation of outer space law. “Although thd res communis concepts, shall prevail in all ceases, the concept in subject to the bona fide interpretation thereof. That being so, much is said about the creation of a world body for outer space utilization?! since it was observed that the existing international organizations, e.g. ITU, the General Assembly's Committee fon Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), seemed to limit their jurisdictions or activities in technical field only, with little attention being paid on other aspects of outer space activities. 2 If this is the case, the worlk body would serve as a forum for negotiations and discussions in space application Moreover, the composition and the mechanism in the organizations, Particularly COPUOS, may lead {0 the conflict of interests between the developed and developing countries.’? Thus, the developing countries may find it difficult to lobby the members of such respective organizations to realize their interests and needs, as is the case in any international organization. With that rationale in mind, and perhaps as a step-by- step approach for developing countries, a regional organization is a more appropriate forum to prepare the developing countries in all aspects of activities, whether legal, economical and technical, of outer space. The Asia-Pacific region is an example. It is proposed that a regional organization 20 Nicolas Mateesco Matte, “Institutional ‘Annals of Air and Space Law (1983): 442, 3M id. p.457 321i, p 440-448, Sibia., pass, rangements For Space Actibties: An Appraisal “IILwe Banmstiernns be established with the functions to formulate common positions of the developing countries concerned regarding the principles and rules of space law and to coordinate the activities of various space institutions, at national and international levels, including organization of training programs, with a view to ensuring equitable sharing in space activites. Therefore, a liaison committee has been formulated at inception. As discussed at the First Meeting of the Liaison Committee for Asia-Pacific Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications (LCAP-MCSTA) held in Beijing from May 10-12, 1993, cooperation among the Asia-Pacific countries is vital for space activities of the countries in the region since such cooperation depends mainly on financial and utility resources and needs of the countries concerned which possessed different polentials in space technology. The Meeting also explored the possibility of establishing an entity or a center for such cooperation and coordination, which is another step beyond this initial stage. So, it is now a matler of devision-making of each region whather to carry out this idea of establishing a regional body and to tranclate into action, or the leave it future the next generation to decide, IV. conclusion The development of space law requires international cooperation and the efficient management in the use of the unrenewable resources of outer space. The spirit of sincere political will of the developed and developing countries is a factor sine qua non for peaceful co-existence, as far as aerospace law is concerned. Thus, the establishment of an international body for such purposes is of course a mechanism to achieve that gool. However, for the developing countries it may be more appropriate if a regional body is established in the first place to acquire unity and prepare themselves for development in aersopace technology. Such regional body, center or an organization, etc., could be expanded to a global one as time requires so that their concern and views in the use of outer space could be incorpo- rated in the contemporary international law of outer space,7 el agar anguareily a ay ae oe a ineumunalseivTiayARAau Tnvin aniiiaae* 1 aga 9. we TMMeMeriuayQUsetuTnyAnAdu Aga nbefintimivenauislidy we useinnfe Useummfisgiiqggnehentistal rhaqanuseAnt nos (mneile Gensefuse dala) DuyrnaiignauseAvdtn uaetmn hefwatnmias war Viraanstonyenaiuthunguramaliehautmmnums, denhaeyan Smbeunmfisléuriduymisetadin Aiypaniinw dbitdyraniyhayy wlsetudin dyna Aqnonhetwdin useryual¥inansrenyrmatnaihiduinquianstiehaulmmnuns dommn amills (mans) bore tosngyanomdaddh]y) Gun kyqnusetivtinyeandu ana firey se tiuinpenduddutosstunngyaneametunnenesrndiqgn Audnmwootery url martwuellinvaasnerosyemaliqnontetindinduineuris suvasrnunnnainendilu de dqyryiliehudfinyrnsdu las KENIIROEGASHIRA, Gioumaasrorud winorinentulniten, Sauaragied GURISUTO) sthit aoe Tull ea wn ese wh kee minis adclltiinncenggrtooonaRelidnuin aathuehnneamgiumseduumaesllunTunaBeanteavins sus (Serna), LLM. (Kumamoto, Japan), mirtannn, Lia finyangmnusuridedine nese“ Bnuunriimans malienaulmaneums dafndnvncrnd qa niefuimunuisos (udu nretivtawny anonin-fula) wodqqwietnfafiuasnvsneyiae (lu Ayynbisadieuusean wind-Quua) Fathtarvind thynndygnimaltir dloypnagiqnenlsAwtingonsisin ageudescecniitualy dsociinlichaulmnnunn dafudnvossordyynseindin uuunastnlneutuds monvecaniimuality drhaquanbettawtont adele radia idhatniawisanfumnonudawbelunnshovineaulammumdlatiannia Tamarigynmynn absffufencumomnisslonflnnisoy Ssunusebifies arviaion aadyynlsetind niente mnanicronynnndutuonurinsliehaulmneuns (rollsetnh “diygrlss unsure sesynnsdu”) ae yerniphaygr onveriam_liiannametull, dehuihwtesierwans Tosfuduanebititindudavend nal ngranemdsddh]a aie yAdo on alsettanaeaos sosypandulilnnameronansindesnmusetnfinnuos (durnnan bale une bole 1738 aos) tuunanadl seyeitaduy nisefiunmiosrenyrmndiatudautng) afly uitudugnisstivtunata. Arnmunraulamnmunaivianduuinentunsd mraancwonynna dadunrbsstinnnamsroryansdy AYnginoutsuvearyitery ©. dhudtduqa: uastruiiulesodqyqrdssAunriivasyanady Tuiremadh}y mausefnmavamesaryanndututuminmenn Wurindidag susidrentinenisendanaiindenile Aden mitlsstiugaina viegnaronenistnian Wintuuneses Agen nausefuenien wionmlseffungaditammaan atradunsddins Tpuvidndugiontemy unenthusaststuuddnthagnonssin faueriahosus memyarmtinewis 9 Aden mausefustiaamagnths wionitivifiomadhadie nets wae: duimsfiemaduynnaiignenberulactinmaiie Hotitodostuenaemuvesiansdy idonnninnnmendfuimamondn dadend nalseAwtwstien vlan aaefwein ng Dudu wionsddrndlidudiondsey uscqnniiduyanadqno nisin Woqwmasiga uenegnniime dadundnmrefgenilonshtiidivay Srathefanehatrty usavhaqyrisiumaasacranyanady. douruuqouatie = pees Fs Ausa sh Es Unennntonede othalsff dquynietunnnnstanyenndui sAounnoriontsesveeusan uselowMlnetvourudayiae nsnfe Uaenrusn fiaradululafeeiianarteyannya re Df we aut o ao grows fia Rantingnlses arto entulmmeums (Fidurc moral risk ofiue dated Mowrmnsn miele) nadiacanraaaituehdulmmnnunvernnnlsstaitobinmand su ‘uMrodhovaon aus amuselosflauivoutindn Ussmsiaey feruulularyennd lait drulfieuringslobuernsnsodn wonraiacsonyemaity serheiyynlaetsin Hoenagels Adumvomin (dendrite mbeftilauuumitadtisa) vmiimonnrssomemiseruain veut iurnainiesenynndwifiutafundne ean thitemaseiwuuunmiaiuies, datogludygn sensi lao r# nga syensduandizne unelainnghanvarhaygnm ws unalovose faeifhumrsnaamanddaufasoomdu Aduniviunssaedrtnddauyers) datutotwims BofanrTH shampfimalssunamincrooynanduilaelonisuthuteos tumors aandrataluvny Wertividvinmugsnias Seflerntuiutasnt enginavimengmnetuantiasta Tanausiay Tusensinadanginossifinsa Tremont 1 aeyndiengincuilunrnlostiaaetamascriudtygy anefiudielnuraly Wurl windassowlAite, wdniedonyA uncninenwdueon sautunow Foun wlininfontnanaéuean dsusenaangmnendiaddh wield ninee vant Tamarhaqanisstumarosronemndi sefaslAiuensdusonvimyanmtuion Taescen aheviudiymwina 9 wins 1 AQINUsIMNQMNUs TUTTE wNAUayAy ss fumsuimsuasyanady mahefumanmsioryarndy fuszleminmenenrs Salas veygialivialh athels ff wionfuganhelonihuedtifiieduaredimienis Wiuridlorisen moral risk (edtuttes Joeman mals) femaetiaterdhumanaietire uncfomaasinéd yen vetoars Auuncidt uriaealaeenalarrmuanginousimangranevuansivtiudaan dove Uaouentih forotut ©. wandaulmde vain auladorhmedy ldiyg quash invie ion maamussaayrnaduthanquys maldehdulmmnnuranty gloneiintinnsdiasiioulldulvannmrsinaosyannduiia Soarwe Borsmnstinans wonuseadininenalh ngmnenndiaddhwadulamd wn (AA, eee) Witrowaniiald wmreseinalhirmind uldeantefouriioummanusa IuiagtuviSonquuscanig- auvimenafitelivanitag® adhslafa Miotnnsalndnd aulAdemorensaalud usemavints mtr nla Fin GhowkeAuiin) whos aulhdeluanmmetnsenyanadurty Tnevialludauridwn Aorluenaquenaesidaulhdetuenumatnraryenaien ne wonaiithnilniege wari SidaulAidolunramradnsmagnndl duty thmndidawlAided vinaqusidoflunanileinvadre unioniin seriiAbinsounqadnselurvisaamausefiudinyanndudafind rain vuesuny adhe unebisumnsuasrovtadunfoomedennlaod adh doniniy dauslecsidouleaon a vind aulieod neteninudationn Adilgurh. daulideduanvinefegunerindyyn usr aetosflogluraihnnationsetnDanvgols drifunrdidavdiossiumasnesas gnvdl duehtilmmeunmerraciturhlahi dud inoun® uifudenquuacenigoim vioenmdutituomindsliidentifion sheniiatohsawladedwesKesiogluanivn Auanitety Tnelitthutnstegjentoasatitinny wiviuennradinmnamind wlAsensll® soudnchenfiatuhauliidelitiamedaulitelamennaturinty —uedomnelutedala lunavinletan violafizenorrndaulAdeoanlllneténamangmnetonausuecewies morowdinn athelafif) Smndianalnoe er nandindostauleiuoonl wfatwnniera fistudmamouetamndiiima Alfoineniwienlssiutnmuymnaiqnewssiuting soulidengoududodtugrumangmaneda AdbHoieactusemsfisoste néndaulAite Friowameduil whidwlzelenfurinatosiusAsdine 9 friaeieaniuaygaeiiaiy Taare: Aadutemnsrnamwials (moral risk) Inunquwininse dure nnfindosdaw eat wincas um atuundowfiduvselosfuacduidulmssordqqruseiunswameracyansduuda 8 Suensrnavigontmunrtanqwuds dofaseiuaud vundien uarlusaina dhuiiuiilis ‘ovdindautiiauuund niniy ‘aidrimenusn nlrerhauurtmunn aloamaumatudnnawiven ‘ait mnberidin widumalsfufidhinenusmalritwriagexond Mumnigeanunsdinqe wihiwinerresmesciowinfiuthahaw luleyduber dies oulauey Juamnihitiygynlretiutiadatne LNadukesiegeut agsitoumnaaltien! ula ye] Df we avuh o ae ; Atte rl ' a piitush cory Mahan Anhond aasiemwendwintwmanadaduduan wanvink deudiessnansn mean aAadendnlition viinure ud iafiuiudesevuaenalntunvasaaoudinkse to. nanieTaqQia vénifoqnaturmuehtumassfiumanocrnyrnsds fonletvetenths AnAronyrrndutansya ngmanenadsddh}s atiuDlamd ao (Ae. oxoo) Wlamand eunses Snrauflutaufaadatiand ee (Ae. oxo) wineoqnileeutorangranemndetd st oxo sorgh pols dmmenseineluag urhenailindindanltide wiondinenBueon Mavens dolW) nugfioninefonyaiinhitos odtwlafit. ninefoqnélaouthturtttlselesiaoy makefntinyemndugnsiregiiaueuann lsivanemy Snvzentantiy nadluimy woo shun ® uqmmachiniibinanannsyalai adhuedoy wihwudlase bidfeogiano o. WanATNauueN wanarNdusontnmuedh tumavhiqgnseiummcnesonyasdy sedate unm ndueonsonyrnadurts wfinarmduvonsiuanscernméindauldidunssth Soriamuniia FruwaN usséisuansnovinnsnieiog aan limsfadamaiianrlselowies wasn manioieronyamady Ind aumalasuisuslonnsinamntatasn bkouanntuarsaumes Yyrnagnonsstutnas Indulge atiiuaeinsrmnhnandusn w win wanviniinrarhnn, ‘Witasliiurmadusonsinyrrnggnardsemadta —ivtfufunnauAiaminrssshanddon yrmasourias Wuiagin eensinniuisues worth ainadumh Ged somete Wilintinansdunondl Ensdiiim| aco dren Masiedelactiox ed cienuniistoyyh egiidoatve) Sninletn: vumetobreadiy wismutadaabedatiyosinn Fourie weyytiiiadnibathaynyyess warnmyyalre tute « Un wacky Gouretugquiiun) Auén we iin Mewtuusturhaqanussuita fidmsariesounsternéutontanténrsiandn an Tumarhityant Asnnannaseiin ofidarin shuchmecis ier nbueon ngmaremdaddhualrinmuetithunraane ta matnnsuwh emadusoniuiosbirioumavhayansetivtin wisluamdifnaygnttaths erndusoniianyael ulbhnanillnnanetunaiinasedunepd end nitiviotl) matiany Susondiatndyqrudaifo nea oe a ' smuBusomth — doferianmantusestoramuanangmaneudoeciiate © Eng manoresuamlznaiinnurinradusenReor unite Buriursoangmneasufelioen Lisz anes 9 arimils npanemyay lt oder Hanns uRENgVRNULNeEMENIAN saot Tudlsewnadhju muchiussastelnualseviumniredvoreomatualsnh Gale fuvin iowrn oa onemos np retyynureruuwerty ww7 ae] Df we auf © ood Goutuannducent idoduyrusscdyglihmanduguorsaioutay dhilawnosayqnis WiUiimuntwglonas seflohdennieonerludamill altura ttennduscath yrmnl QnowseMuestosfflomrosdqq asta Syrusivsoingmnencitit setosyhgeunn unediuvselumionadqqyatlas doudwoud®ulmmnmumuncseseiausetndtatoudtes Surtows viquacuilmadtiyyrrrinisfuriyraligno wasiinveeunnshafiuthofinn Alinems fonrmmanysolnosanndueen, dgutlisifudunanvinil ivaduiiyenndgnawaeivvetosy usiathwla shuypnafieriuenndweenin sfuiionleiantelsiuserushelatentie AUK ianeinqchiitovomaraasyanaggnienisefs Valanpiineufidunraiiameuda (0) nasinrsilseheFiangy udinUsetutianguA® dloondunavssfiuntaamesonymmnduuawm ratingausefiulnandionts 49 wily SoHosTASunarMdueonsanynnagonio nlaetin uslliny ypnndignennlisiusetionDusuematriawaumusoyua vssiudqmeandutonawe unnsnewinnadinsefwawienesaleitingdy, soufduduynfita noaseiveiandauuutiinean doyemalundaris vundrtainiefin leelaiirmuntiiiorefate Won radeudaunsuetiurriinan mafingrane wd dhilARtor mmnfnatLuuTo orden Mduiowk umennbueawenn wolneviene fiamyreliiuanadusonlé enndusomiuarsth Amuse winduanntane ADT dle telomatiypenficedtuggniawdsetivtnt nuda urynaaiane aAlllamindry Sof srnutin Bunritianndusonlaevter. tunsdinyalsemungy Sumnovivedimaumom dhelomilauiventaiuintes svlidubutouimmmuuusseraweonodaedoein mabh sondusonaiariunninummnasi Momnlutormamarinn wiedquantauscoy, nNdueaNusa adrelsfinn TunwUAte asd Hormelivinissty fimeonarivetior neufleectovhaiyymlssffafnmegUnareuuuunnsnaia Sumrmindeamavbktaunteniia eae etants of ' suited, move liousenincmusnsunnrntolands sfomstumnatieuncloer iatuiietaatinds etas Femonivfinwniarneteendy sousmowanén uaxiaquasaedlunavhaqarwsefundutae@ob asennad a, nadifiyanagqnarssiuduglernusnnsa gum Tautoustaua: Wernduuanunulanioli usta Tudeh oypratignenntetiutudenasansn gunlasounssveetit enndusonumilindolsits uilumplainenlininanndusonAitiounnsinety daniulsena dhs baled ngymnowdiedAlhigal’ dotorortenraiina theviufhiniaymrte nadigiend uyenafignonlsettumadga wsedunrs aanisvonyrnndu®? bsenedhij Iumoutiise gum Tnuvousraa Oud iamadueons? Tunadifiievituernaoliaradueanls, Aiigierhivienadusentaerudiugumalevou suasafhunaDndostillvifinignns® Dymo thilawmerrnduconesfumulnovousrauinhs seiiemoniell ponafichufiosne snqante Ineqluuu arndusonmungvanesiinyneithnstanansn $9 in MMAngyanmuATTALTA unelumadivets quma sransovruntiqn Manan Tnerounrainosgie SAfiqaandifeerntggmietinmanetidieniduiafowsetia une thuypraiignandeetilAayut witineraathunite dadubhethilon ohwheliinnsdavon Gumaldanlugmzyana Dudndiannda dhmngien Sena anotienatunnldudl wre herivirdudesettierndusanlé wanvintlisseraatin mudusonvoagiorsAtiera Susonliuda vlan naéusonrockunwlnstoustnmulaeunieuda Abioransalaianmin co ypnafinnndstdiunulinrunriniody uitmireiufianshiiuresiueyads douyenagatelieny sransoiiy ‘aikeslAtuemuduuensestinin’ (npaneintedify wes ow, es duviflueyqialitansen eslthunmudunenvedguny (npyareuagijuurin 5) GovéFensnuds (ngmnmvsihiannn asta) Meath Tworeusesn selulubmmienteutin scftioshinsteviaynnndgnenzeiuuacdamlsuteueen denfsbinrw Auveslruasioludeyrneiqnianlserl unedumilesersrufiadeumiludnsynnaignenutetivenroa Somangmnndiyyrure furans L132 ana @ assis Shawhdyy aes funaensnaefriuall Guviflengtshinsy ov D usciffalennrruansqmurlh Chyenndgrienieetuin wsearusnnen a aermuin nah Uefutiaderergtuud oe Tull setesltumrayyrnernfmulnuneussss usemadiurhosedechin Suvaa val if wx atin o oon! ovfiuiishiiiomo Sxfetaradusensocrwlnnuniiafiviusmeuda Iunsiienatovivhann dusonroomulamuntefiivonouda uelumatadiqn]A sheshmunlidenndusonvferosgient FterrnsranseliarnndueosiTAuth uncerndwsontosfunulnesounr avian urnnéueon soos © aurefinh “Lunadifhyenafignonusstivendiqqnuseftunrasameronyansdudstinnnéuson TAU AleitanramangmaneslanansintfurnlnorouosaltATaduenn®? odhwlafih vito osrndunme easing Rulmmnnumathaits uriffuisAmnasiAdiyiid wire inansound thugdafumalneauormduannitannstlnaame <. niivinneuariniusen yprargnonbst wifinnournusontlAbituudalintolsl uritousleraatha 4) naurndquyty donearandinnowensdusonltiwe wridevinduyduusaesiinnawann Susondoserbituantunndeavlaitarhlils, thmanhunquadiiomunl Asean isontianito osfunamtulnueunausetis usetlovtunrasiaedanédouyennidandinudy Forquedaty, Aiiuinasunqun uansanil nreyqnelvivinneuermdwuonlnuniienle faeyintiineaaie muuriifeaefunfofiuusclumtild au liduodutisislunnawatwansyenadgnenisety atholaAa Indeqiudtiqynifentutedudosneinanwmteloninty Safternatuuselanetle furrafueronyrengqnianetwh mnlAiueyqnavnuisngiuvsern faasttiinnowea Susenla Faduandeniindggr deeraerimnalunsaozal athelafinn eatudutl SetWintiuln’nind ay lod dnitntie unediafunrateeu ht enisuasettitesnoum an useliqanivtentinradullMaoonsgrnsadnkas datesodeoyhestlaedndmmuresta Sadwdqndtosényrmunell mangwsnediyrylretufommaventa inn oe sinew naditiewfewnameestenacindyan dreshulnaliijurihuymnadgruenirtiu thiiuvioryghat « T ieunneiinveskieons Kenn fueeteathuy qumrfusg usewenvannadifidglmmduphacnniengantanmualsniuds baitathutestéiuenntuven resend dhungmnrnsesithly Givvenydslinmy » D tanaUQua dene dafnn@ulmmnumudoumindety mansnesesiieriiisn 7 o due dagievlenglaud > vudull diel eo Arannvag nirtilssind sew Uszinanainilungvane aguas dvavasaut Wonsrafngmeussindhentouseine® eadutuitulanyatudaidangmwe AAlderadnuolsnwsviinrinmadlfieassy udedralahadefovatuluiagmunslat Golvicrnouliocnoinente “i hinginaiia' idhiawenwalsavsuaziianiemalgia SenmuitlunginonifiinadAumengmnals” vinngmanenmerintuotnvumdeyals weno MeBeLneUangnaMldonsny Susrouisunnsontusasunrenwaaded vu. (apo), a, (ssmuArand) Sfirh CUSTOMARY LAW una neilldey i fh Fe “ngmrwsrimamd” uae “npmanenleind hn “nguanev imine” setufuniverind walivh “ngweseind” fidunevingalalfeins Ens UFeqy” seumenrantt neh nmamiwd Gusevisbinelietity Webi dulvluwonraieniiudaetugay “ rafewtudeniy camdirewhalssinnthunginnusififiodtuleusrssni® (SPONTANEOUS ORDER) sesn77iit engin sngedojratuduigtutern nivite mnfinvemnguanewenninngmnefiayetiiyey au (ARTIFICIAL ORDER) difingneusimangmnetitodues Wanlrnsinmatiqgyiaesiyed Foerusfensavifivination ULTIMATE SOURCE aeangpacenh neni thonden, “unsmutedtoniafiaresnpmane” naaatdewias vo, Dex, otoe inernmaufaouthiitetesmeugiaiendratungme thule mdtrawnalntne Wangm1 al Df we aun o aoe ©. Voluntaristie Theory® niqw givin agmanausendaeytoseinmia wfowiy marhaubityailneniiene (Pactum Tacitum) Hangmanefisiuaywarndndull ctu Grotus,® Anzilouti,® Triepel,” Strupp,* Corbett® uaz Tunkin®? issu Taeawrs Hegel® Waduret Igiiuduasaéiind (Sovereign person) éurvebullne Vinrresiomuraol (wil) usovmues Lituagtiviotiemenontay Fell Tnernundar “The State is The March of God in the World” npinonitumnonpminesemiauieinaln 9 gnitufadtodgiusontind wired ulnevoynioo (Auto-Limitation of Sovereignty) Fatu npmanesewhalsemesailisulmansin “ngmanewmyuMuuen” (AUSSERES STAT) seynitusigehe 9 foiilaygunaniauansernduten (Consent to be bound) iia wansantuuda nqwéfildashhitessindomsehousematinmonasinviidns onflosinintadomuntoutommeludg vanusideaneraheina® vaenevlutaeigiitianns Sérurwillnainwabstungivles Inamwndudtitohngranesetalsemafasevwuns FanwAut|ON (Consensual System)“ usenrsfiseneutnginomflenMuigiulugrueyithy © super Volontarisic Theory unmisfiasmurnicinesigihiluaslusuiacuentingmneliemud ‘Ine Sovercign Wil) thnintiadieres Genitudntnngyart uses LEGAL Posiviem Masmurniniaes ngvara lug, Austin, J., Lectures om Jurisprudence, (London : John Murrary, 1875), Grotius, De jure Belli Ae Pacis, P.1;Saslou Verdross, A., dence International, $2 RCADI 293 (1935 Il) hufuntuiluerelen Le Fur; La Coutume Bt Les Prncipes Generaux Du Droit Come Sources Du Droit International Public. RC Geny-Tomie III, (Pars : Srey, 1977), p38 5 Principes Generau Dans La Jurisprw: Anzio, Corse i Divito internationale, (PADOLE 1982) pp. 73:76 'Triepel, Droit International et Droit Interne, p 3. © Strupp K., Les Regles Generales Du Droit Dela Paix, 47 RCADI (1934-1), 263-595 (1934-1), Corbett P, The Consent of States and The Sources of the Law of Nations, VI BYHL 1-30 (1925 0Tunkin G., Theory of tnterational Law, Translation by W. Butler, (Cambridge: Mass, 1974), p.175, Seuncoerrain Hegel rele Beery, 1, The Law of Nations, (Oxford : Clarendon Pri 1963), p.53 Lautepacht, H., Private Law Sources and Analogies of International Law, (New ork : Archon Books, 1970) p.td sera dimmwiakenan dine inudidnd Tenamountas Aeanrnetigaye 7 siesdinrw Aeniusity useitemlselombiautulumssadaddten ‘© Van Hoof, Rethinking The Sources of Inernational Law (Deventer: Kluwer Law and Taxation Pub, 1983), p79.Brsmrtimaad AQMNeEMhswsnaniol Rusniwiasermnrios FaigMondtiarndueonlunginoy x A Tuudaniadior® fay Gufvdngmnndsendsenhalsnadutonnasenheiglenlion (Tacit Agreement) fifilAusewaonodwusetn (Explicit) wu swBiquqn Ta Prof.Tunkin neva wun Fu3s (Recognition) wionrweusy (Acceptance) Tnutglungineatfidy srFmuscimdl lugrustidluussviagrumsngnadauihavinn sumasoontuenur- rank pin sf usavlagrumangnmw sents szine - ac cane maduuosrnestgiesherzmatnginusimse Faulseundiin idotydu 9 unesvemurrualesuduarin no a id 9s, ie a anasleuiuw (Tacit Agreement) Fsovrtu lunrwweuturestinginuateta ag, 2 : ‘ dsenchiuduus slag umungmnurensedsaine® dhudeatutarngiosaly fF Lotws neha Jwonsre ngineurfrrangmare AyntusgeruAavrmamrsulias: (Free Wil) vovsghiau ifufuaooluaus ign ig ip “ngmsnusentralsanaldlunradaniussents sygnnfosrauflualglanDungnaw (Usage of Law) unznginomidustinady oliluerwtunis unser natoysautuodiaiidar: —wSodauveurualiiee ussgiaguasmsssourin doky dovarianigalAtuvoutsiarahaduld”>> idoseinngrenevseandiaenfouseinainninanndusonnosiguingh agvanerszond serhakunnistnaygniaameigilensducoarnith chute atumndsyq vigniuane ma Safvivlilavesfingmnerseindfthurialy Grea Omnes) Feflagtiane MAsdawsan the saniheigtifnlnintesrnfingmneussindiiin Soniovodmelsingmneusendituli ‘woot ProfTunkin nevi “tingmnedseinduntubaawesmviwuday 39h nouselomignmenudstinasey feetohiqtveoniulmevtewlavsayingmiifindue’ chow *€ Oppenheim, L.F.L., Imernational Law, A Treatise, Vo. I: Peace, Rev. By H.Lavterpacht, th Ed., 3rd Impression (London : Longman Green, 1958), pp.10-19. ‘** Tunkin SUPRA NOTE 8, p. 119, 123, 133 ‘© PCL! SERIES A., No.l0, p.18, 9/Tunkin SUPRA NOTE 8, 129.a ae Df we aun « 200 Tunatinovighmits ProfTunkin nsivin “Fglaifiindudlinsites hisurowusriag ume ngmunaussndiiidey — dlunsiiniglmichanderwdunusadradunnrsiutgu 9 Tavtldtistonsan (Reservation) nrthiiutfo+yglmsiifuynstunungnanorssindifog, agjrion"*= atnelaff Prof. Strupp od uretiswayniuvingmnoussindtsewivaneinadiclann 9 ig 1 “ur ningun nn touseniifign sous 9a nysuruntisdoute Ws ufatotuleg yu msngwanw (Presumption juris) Hussting wustuynwinn 9 7"** usidwiu Prof.Quadri abut ruomw auctnosigneplanduntiofiié yu ref unramemeyisesfinnginewrimangwane ‘Afiunyetaiiatute '©. Objectivist Theory”® quit ngmneilhiiavinimnach (will wo Volonté) winusifinginarsudusuaonndostuvinnnvamadenn Aaiungmanesad Aofloggibdoen Wongranortodugiinsosnqwgil ih Savigny urfediinseenand Tae ena faoadonai youuu ngmnuiiathiaarifinen volksgeist. dyian 9 iintuan!: Ainwrnn daty Volksgeist AlAtuodvemurmolsasles Volksgeist. wusinseonenéae vfaUseindh odeecnafandesousoominns 9 dheunmadhingmanedseimdl’® ravdoeailon dowian usengmmnelidedvhtvinneutndantnt tug cane Fuh ngmnedudldactoudaamurnalyfedhdosduneleramntntudony Litlensoudaniolnudaulaniion wintingmnenhuduenadadulanssswnavinpsdartion fiona uncfiinnainnaaoradastiunrmaoANAa Hanan HoH Sir. Gerald Fitzmaurice nav © Tunkin, SUPRA NOTE 8, p.129. 6'Tunkin, SUPRA 8, pp.310-31 "°° Quads, R., Le Fondement Du Caractere Obligatoee du droit International Public, 80 RCADI 625 (1952) ‘es swith Objectivist Theory osrnuumnnaieiietinongmanesnnrathsd skim ngpeine Satuanacvtounmmmenlutsnuss Finglas chtiecow Ait omurnang i ‘eepanafinaos Savieny Wang Jolowicae,J.A., Lectures on Jrlprudence, (London: Athlone Pr. Uni of London, (1963) pp.123-129 Stone, J, Province and Function of Law, (London : Stevens, 1961) pp.421-447. ‘sepvnafinaes Dugut Wan Jolowicre, IBID pp. 141-148 Uae Stone IBID, pp.343-350.On siimant nanit Muustonutbiulauingnarw (BI SOCIETAS 181 JUS) Husonntostiy tavievSuacusemanivostonu usstuleiioouedhiingnarol mudidonaoyiin usingmanenihudoutodiniedmsumrioysosdonumfarendnalda whutouten Suihilunrstarcuunrudinius tug rurale ciuide afi Prof.Lauterpacht nsti7h “Superior source AfosiateaSailuayarunnasiay Pip Af (Objective facr) Banrsfogfaasnlsee mus giflogart (interdependent Community of States paneer Neth ti eee eit ussiihniofannoudinwi ueusayy aso Faure seiKaynnis"* Prof. CHAR- LES DE VISSCHER 1177) luseuusemrouscnafisudrotusevumuluvzsina AugruhureSovosngwee sranzanuldunrwiefiolunuaiss3y (L DEE DE JUSTICE) $silaiflun ios msarugiin (Sentiment Subjective) vonusiilutFashiilusss (Notion Objective) Taw Aanutiriintunruyisssuniud ldiaualsingadwanysailuerwlosms yess seis ualeutersautusdenud dgiiuminsfecs 71 ion nidusciourostony doveriahudsammiungineinrngmarwhitiney nyc? Apmnelsindfichdieaty. Sauitugranwineranhudueosdoenntteor angina Sruldonraataseuusostony® dlongmneusendidaunginnsinadons: ngyaneseindh Sailstiumariognentudonn uithsnindshanlisid auiatumaielifinngmmnessind unelua Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries gyiwrimyn svarez Wnetv71 ‘2 Fuzmauice, G., The General Principles of International Law, Considered from the Standpoint of the ‘Rule of Law, 92 RCADI 5, 38 (1957 II) ; Scll,G., Essai Sur Les Sources Formelles du Droit International, RC GENY ‘TOME IM (Paris : Serey, 1979, p.401 'o® Lauterpacht, H., International Law ; Collected Papers, Vol. I: The General Works, 4, by El Lauter: pacht, (London : Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1970), p.8. © De Visscher, C., Contribution A Lietude des Sources du International, RC. GENY TOME (Paris: SIREY, 1977). p.392 'o-/Le Fur, SUPRA NOTE 3, p.363. ‘2 Lauterpacht, SUPRA NOTE 3, p.363,a a Of we atiufl o aniinains 9 anmanntouilturintierernnrusyfinmangnae (Leval Conscience) yasr=7719H... AUA NK uNeN a IAM AMogsosRenNTEMHUITEINA UaERT duilufasiosdrssoyludonusentaussina —rablifiaussragiuinersmius Suilulumamuqunniinssuvastglunr duds ty wefiulin unaannfiptes Objectivist Theory HuisTaniqadhetommdaorunqanay soo (Reason of Things) natafa RyNERAKAqroluMssh ARTO fine ferathuurita usclnntie Sbiingwans yneuildonegegn yneudi@nsinionndy nouselemteostaahitu ang muah nnneLo mds Ihsmnidul ayudiinlddtadinmuynd akalAlian dusuzelusiaodms rbifieradnudiauactnama (Chaos) acaslahht Twvouetiaywtingiinssa Aiftoning aywdhdeaAygn honpaifinveudaA anvinfunemseminlsram mudi anywtlioananinw iron wioknei nad enougatiae unclieorar Aeoenyueiosbienanan ogWiod london ayudiioriomomeviagad ature aywditys aqnerasnnaswegiiy neputivdiona foonrathdorauaslASunrieenivenndven doky nvsags adorn datusssy- HAttulusonnyyslumsioniyiaysar unemaraoyludarmsosnywshsins sew Whuuriiats mavanegiinecdlihiedsouge wtosinginontfidiaqnada ie nfveatthunans ‘hicrudes Tnennaunesasinelingvarinthulng, (Rule of Law)? ddanvevivinyudranan ufuscrnagtwmlelonluscanAnatamNla, ngmnedatadeduamadonnuacsansn SrasiionalMogoshiathutnusin. ngmneteiidnneiletudhnovsrilientoammwncd ga ann dorky Ultimate Source yoy tay TaaungmnotsAlAguoyueams auc unele wninurithvegifunranauthumaderadiesiosine whens tteyordadudnunduaciandouselent ascqoinamnndaninvonnyd Wave nndomnenhwusenatRamannsusaamatatadgene 9 waainssavatigss Atfotawmuacladdwmieniayyd nenofe dlotesnnfeulavnedauseneeinn 9 udareuls © ICJ REP (1951), pp.148- 149. SOR innenind, BavTEg, (ogennr:lessmatwuarenmeMene neustimead soninun smn, eee), 1H eae ‘© Lauterpacht, SUPRA NOTE 9, p51coe Drrmrtinans iouilysutiinwwavseleniaoovvA (National Interest) Hodidoualigueine fier awtaurist auuscomuselowltiiugmannntign msfideigiéwrs8y langage sign elanginoutinas Thonn ApMaeln saniovheslimadunels enulnemafsnudawfinty used pmmdusiudrigin 9 iuthiiotomerufagain enadiiudeoriguullla vtoty she 9 Henansqumowniselom unis uluaasarsaniueeied fieeitoorylainginusinas ngranettunenssasieen ngmanetaaqintiod mw isefvlnaviod unoleso wring Avec ‘Wisrnniin PACTA SUNT SERVANDA. hi flgudinngmnevinsaadhwnon 9 win yn uodunaniiiutvluermmatndaerinaig umemmmdinsslaaagniuiguas enacts Takrusine 9 sovigdomtiulvlils _uncifineaduneuiwaerivbunadiandiinmtawn Sirantnamnnginourimangmnauda Igftiatwnfenemematuginduntzoveunsd une Is (Arbitrarily) pngioronbinwraniindulk udludonnzndasenaturesuas fi AViduechawy nnngmanein “bifladagunavosnula’ (No one can be a judge in his own cause) Aausuilusonraeiravapuaneradiniuduasigtudomneninuacine Hak $ Ula angmnerensuaeinmiudoduduunerymunongansssosiges 9 Wixagada prnumanineyatntadommeraleins ngmnnewhelsenetaudrdigniurottin AndunewntvHuniigene 9 Tnelifaot¥guainsnnséueomderion ngmnalendsenhelseinefiniuierty findutosinetutumndonn taut eMIURUNDANTNNONMNINMoMNTM ase Tove UMNUTuaerio A fagarianaeds otal Bonn lavernigeiie 9 Sugj@intud (Interaction) Tudiusina 9 aTuduiudaoeigludat 9 sufi adhfraiouuuuan fintuitsedasiinginustmengianetiDanmemaneaumy woiinsarigneinty milandangunotmongmnesemiienhnlsnavinninmraanin Tndoanfimalgiadetuinnéatomalgitiauin duuwndertn sudvenufinnéndosme Uftiduitas Duron nadiiastutawTucdhadeatiungmne athelaft mafinirhigidwisaiulangeqnnnn biogmelinginousimangyaneta Uiuusine Munrswronsinigudauriily, mansiniedretifumandnilsisarndostiunquass oo vinfllAnsaanudydwgfinsanedigluteiuns bitbuswthinesannginnsimangmne geh0 9 AaetlamadunolefiverhodwleflAlaetiodselomtaowmuitudde tanndudines euthaanannasigeny 9 Aleioneeuawllll nsiifinguneusfmangmarefiduneatniutiseya aa Df we auf @ ‘Wiggin 9 anananegzavtinuaemuiuanadiiasiollMadneuts ngmoesetadhulngjontia sanfntudtn umefiohutunmmunerititonriseoreeadudruay difehiggermvesillne gegninnn Llogmeldingrans Cmusisedueonridufvivivindulugannudn Aofgee dutonoymolingmneimodomutunnlelant ngynuthuiivsedostonterseussqnause- Tonlioomi tnalafinudivhimudelselont fujisonginotiivmadunols Saudvatutude AqQNOn (Spirit) vomgyaneeion ell Forman lasvdnaewludutlaedadnngranafidhanars rosmuqubiaantntudianiiiima udluantucteda ngmnisenhwsemeuintunn:, SigAeomunciflon a meyacton ngmnesvogintiad wedulavsoy’g uncighbleranan nevaMhmibisartungmaneth “Fyqptoarthudqyayy (Pacta Sunt Servanda) 30 “wen gen" (Good Faith) its ust osaymelingincurhmangmanedond ans e¥gionnse min Pin thilodawnseslnageqninnmesduennialsiecarimeliaginautimangmredwsue Sguebiananroogdawaviigdn 9 Vacrouniign unchioaninusaatlselomunconwenah Tuff Thin uncuduvismresulmetdmaluigMdieetadudrwregeqndiana eunsalt ‘Worsrunclemnurimatiidmramandnataatiatieragnion enaufussay agunnanat anil (Common Good) unsianntesivnauselumtsaufis (Common interest)" Sauwlih mmagdauftuddenn Fgthasoymelangranererhalseine mengmawsen die eed, wainhiefiabiigeranandsamnogludenniewhnvseina Rod rateuuatiudnud movin Agios Ulnngaqnfinwabiognwledsluny FaxduenaraAituiae uvelairiadoamn erniatusds atl nmfiinngranstungyd Voluntarist uhilossindonmsenhalsena DifioorinaveginflaTgnanaanngmnetiortinfiondommeluig ols dwiudeenewine thene uaeyagmlunngritivsaingmnenntweinatléurinaousan (Consent) a0¥g uriothslaA® rastntungmnemelufiidussssingmaneoonlneeesatiyelfuvinta usdis ‘stencurnenaiaifis (COMMON GOOD) uscuimlretemffaufls (COMMON INTEREST) #ethedu prnugfissnuncmafinnineanansneseyludemedheasteufoutunsusclsna dhuku naninludadiguse Sronendlay seg LAR inva, Sradole es, wh ete tok Use WILDHABER, L., “énevaad law fungmnusentalseine” wlausciouteslna cone angry, aqpud Brean’, nae etAmrand, aut « Di 9 (learn): aele-eole,ob ; Dorserstimnes a Pp eS : savone ¢ Sngmnedseindilenarandaatitulilnestow mertusouvoaenateudae” wonvindl uh npvinefoonlnerhattigiaiutitodetlifumnintuden lonmadureniouds jade Aannkasiuanwmsniuasryny sevitlidannsinavoyMasromougy dnvfongranenta Shufhusooiann nehiafadla dowd unoleviigecoonngmnwediwlsMlA Rokk seo iehenadnda idudraymadtown (Content) easngmne uring mvosenmiungyinenia Ultimate Source ARIAPuogunetAtiydA wrnuelduoyfiueraduturosdonnteetosinguanefisanndasty AnwwnyostomiduselassalnaiaradiirvaglA yogruilsoriithtowonginowrifiaoninene AAT TAMHoniis (Obligation) uncWiVAVIA CEnforceably™™ Safuléciingynameln AldiAngnn “wera” (wil) 209g usenaafowtnsvinaveonngranefifansviouttisanetas uns atanadtondudurlssBoomangmaneanesalnadonaitiinnseog lA ciuiaatiulamonn Suscritigehne 9 wacasog dante Mod amsuqmuaethedeu ngranelsndaewiwlssna Soiladosttigacduvonnto lilt mafite Votumtarist uy ngvannlsendisersadsenatiinimstwaeatunns acuaniveymivigivastoyy Musmserdusanudarinty enatoiiduee bigntosiniiasvin vTvogiemaraael (will) soaigtaadonrarielAiAndlommemngmaneaudaquyn uriflesudayqn uonteFUMdutoangritunosmndayytonayenfia mw nuchuosig SggdqyqreeMangiAmwh Aqui AATS uitreiawnmende vamerucirosmuscuifemlenAlailifion”® wonvin shaulasmnnriolilaenulastumanin “REBUS SIC STANTIBUS” sudatyynfive liftwald Tomy uitingiygraetivmacidesynivmaandsyy ogo” Satulhadwinewh shignromnyniusonnuBitqyy Alduoyiiveréuson (Consent) wovwawrsunl (Will) 18s 4y winusiduegituerntuduandonnidoonnstinindinianmsigiuiulledsisiou wu Weriuvanith -Ayqntoutuaqqr Wiuravexiuteonniieliiinatotuduscrilt AanushrrvoyRodiaduseiieubituegiudunelarorig uacuonviniungyanndesonedaviiy ‘9 Lauterpacht, SUPRA NOTE 9, p.St ‘© Fiumaurice, SUPRA NOTE 22, pp.43-4 8 Thirlvay HL, International Customary a off, 1972), p57; Fitz Coditiation, (Leiden : A.W. Si maurice, SUPRA NOTE 21, pp.40-41 © De Visscher, SUPRA NOTE 24, p.304 auierpacht, SUPRA NOTE 9, pp. 56-57.of * Df we’ atiui » aon ponnthvoranfiix himsninginsauandonnsdannriiedueyiy “mamBuuon" sa0ig Miu nigiaayngin “REBUS SIC STANTIBUS” \iooviniionq@mscluandexnsiulgeuuuasll nginowimengmanefdamliouastlaae oememafingnofmongmcelsisonadestiuamm manlufewurladlutionriol finennails theses dou na etnias menautviaswacriatttoan Lisrariovinivedittnonnasaugs duty mafinerzhngmandseinisewhausenadigag yy, vosrrnaiflungyanenie Unimate Source infouanfiiqay Ae “mstuvou" fsligntosin uncadhelafif npmnerseindisentrouieneAaiidinwns (Nature) unfowiungmaneaas- faa wrneastthy Madufind aaudrhngmanelletermuengfinssano sm snladoady sinasngjathadhutnusia ngranesa{edeAléumndotadomnithidawsaudutestiungmane stndiaerhovsemneviineinmsufiirerignyial) uneinded maul piimuthungyans NgMnetsindtafutososdoan WduMoe role muuNtiAumiml Foveduaynury sindnbudonufannialy) nateendangmnetleundsensalseinayninaneygibinn Sueonvinty SeGnftudrumenoonpmankenderiwseinatiall (General Customary International AajeTinzaenAna ane sTgaNAtaMinaufunnadausTk unethBntiom wm Suvownorigudzve thuliiRennenndsedngmnenaaniisennadsemeiiald vnetion fguihynisludinnsen dro seneunnoe rad uonnyniusiongraneusemndaentinhena Adonoymaliinginnutimongmeneussindiiateruluamestadumeatutguinesabata wie NgvaNesen Hal seinadoanfundinlsesi ginal vogludannsendreulseana Ped reUsonie unensugs athslsfid sinngvaneviéadiannwg Voluntarist senesced une cherungiingynw Urendierrhnheanedivagnitarly wiigialuaninndwsoanteaghmifony Movnnngincust mongmnaaendisenhausinainvntaduaegamengnae (Presumptio Jurisy + Agmnereinditnaynivaghneraly vfovinenamuraacltanih (Collective will or Volonté) odhalafA mansvingmnadsendsenhnlseinerfineniodadivgys Maldnseslewnnat netachngmanerlssndisen have magniwaneigntinn wensounr ed wigaichiess 9 ula AgMneMencinfeeyMiuaghinrdusoarrits Snfongmnwseindsentalsenalale Liesintodufiwgmuusiosiely vonifinsinnrsiigraluladsnnfinnamsevnin (Conscience) 47one Draesitenns duu nginoshtuseri Min rwdiudnosig udonaludosladomtienmnntuly ad aise Srududosnregdaututudoen — wensrnttunisfiviwngmnedsenchsemevseinectingn, Lemuranolanfin (Collective will or volonté) Hhuvwseligntoniin wrengmnadiandaenny nanedafinmomnlgialnernbidhuwadeain uvtadodmmlpiitatturonnadiatad soaighummoytanthuthaonn oniowDungyane npwnevseandiewhnlsanatesienainan (Historical Fact) fiseownrasrudhusne 9 sosdomeuneentiunpmneidenadetiatutiqn nv neinrhingynevssindiserhalzanaifineniyeuraxcl, (Will or Volonté) usu unolasosig Sehigntowacsonndoatanuonsfuresongmomisndiewinlseana uilseifhasmn rant Joufiufienal wonvinty Prof. Kelsen dolAinuounrerrnfin susdiygruiungyanutifnvindeiaess (Law Creating Fact) uacmiaiansiyyy tuayniiumengmnufisieansinnginadungmnuvssndinendni dygn doatudyg? (Pacta Sunt Servanda) uszfosrnsrunsinranguwwuranciuis uatfiauwsngmnenifinnineusdyyriovzs uaenstranelyir “inqualunranily agmanuvesngmnwuscindifiaviniowuly gukugay (Fundamental Assumption) ASundusaiagyunugys (Basic Norm) Himashesazeundrenirwussinmin dulaunrwupiinosigiuiungnanetiiatulaudeutivess (Low Creating Fact) use luvs ating ufignduiivgulunnudintudsendruseimedgeny 9 mzecusewqfimw ofarscindififindulanmslplaresty™* nena Prof-Kelsen (Fut sudiquyniuadmelAuaaingumongmaneuscinds fo acta Sunt Servanda une unafing um engmaneleanthoymelldussvingraithdungmnatifin Fulnatoutiovds (Law Creating Fact) daioiqugdainlsinnfdutufshravdet ima Prof. Kelsen utrawédyqrdiu Law Creating Fact wiuifeaiiungyaneuseweitutin Law Creating Fact uriiBayqnMorguudugmsmangyanedsendl wonsintausannsl Prof.Kelsen v1 Hugrusoingmnevsevdifinnintodutugiith — dle%guifodwslafinasclgiadwan 1 Kelsen H.Tucker R.W. ed. Pneples of Fnternt 1966), 446, ‘© Ketsen, IBID p.508 mal Law, (New York : Holt, Rinehart and Wenston,Df we auf « oon usilurarfuvioudlaigene 9 AosnafealgdmnnnedalAdadhngmnedsemndsenholseine SmvfondangveneralufitMegmelldussvingmxomngmeneibendiwereusene Soule GurAnnHfinwas Prof.Kelen Wubisonntosuiavtessefitndy Snvfdelslonarsnedunelltaeia pouttauusedncan Ines uudreestich ngineushadedtungininnimangrannendisenanbanatisies snilyag msonndosfusnwmacterasumadian tuduitsetaanringineusimengmne WlofiectitomunnantuenntishstoglModiat adnanWinvawses wy vmuar Aiton uncial movnarsitennadtomstideuumanaitentiy “nstrangrane” usitae ooarilMunedhatiin unciisenoutudeenatungmnedutude sisi eoysolasy Sauliern avis didentolAsrinnousnsornenaianvioiivs “qUinsewnrnsida” wiles suman manana raiqh lution adhelafinw wtotitunmsoanstwngnanvadtaadn 9 dueriiaiteunar nd vires 4a seransiniomstramreriatiyfladaniiond tunnisehowesmigdiatumtots § anonraecoar iatfistatne ‘Iuduwsn dlormunmdinrnudirh wisest aentudosla Hiwtonieaan Aingmneiinucisieetoieanedlasestadulsennsla youowtentufi man ulen thuhactithdugluunla Tesiathotnowserntiiiusinentiue in lmsdnsnctomner ighiidues nniies Ate wien dydiurneaduecdtintlesiinwncifuowues #2 athady mnfasmatangmnefiimaliiinadadosdnionrumioudaduamansmanssy sheinelne dedsdulaensesaiiyifamancmnssursdasinelne ne. ioeno Airsfive Feunemmnecentengwne daneunuenmumangeyDf we alu 6 eke fosrmualerand vious satiny Altumq ark aemstadeam ana mnssuuvinlzsina Ted Inoeefosrinmintanussaemunedmniesassmostrenousssamecliur saninnssana asewilnna difhufreFosiwuniigdivieatuantrh eenamiusenautanyanatatinn qomtfrornninivedsls maunaaasmtsamrilausesneinila uensiamavetn vinsrumiasola Bude uilaond aon aa aufonraaasimdonitun ram umasadg fia amilusistosta donk wmneseivanwalls avinsteddhlnnserntiqyad suluestosiun Tgdifeatimrairanins wold vsefutandnatostel hae nr eieedina duende oniatulvdunraaninatieanthenseadinydaiidanwnsrimoateatunuds lofinelindnny use liitrmundilesvaanseriatigeifesetsa 9 usa feeKontn Dunenviigdiviel! dsunaivetonenstiydad Gowan munghwsomaeaniya dorian dose Vine raviatumatt sonsesantiuienwuslaain yy e dow fe dou o donsertingi Huns unerdedaure Saullo saa o Fontes iaiiqyela anenn we AuleCaey an|N os UnENnWaes iN Chyna ans « unfew uassnan @ snaninwanna anvil o uniiqi@vitnarsetoongmne dawil < unimalins dau & uniamemn eae =: ; a doviudouil « dowsenstigg dln useunowedwew Ianghradowsese- Taydamenssunningw{im wa. wate Hteob “wasrmiyga noiznasumanqgim WA. ede gimeoqaciny a7. IIT os Tull we wiry WA. eee HDA oe lutometegiin mosummudenrerstunsumginsoganias duszusurialosmalusnnday bt usemeany Tauhdumsaunasutuvzongmwhdwnnsnszumangegm wasngnue safosrnfosnnt Sonsowsenganhisandyy biarnsesmiygadul Taurus uaciuvovos aaiitigaiiursard namiiigen sola” FonserreiysfA suringoylmswseusrlows dowsenetiyedmlud w Anew fo densest iativlval unsfovaenntiuiaatuutlovinda werngtatulninne amatewsenistgariqdaleliauingmnadstunriouas wy wes etydaAunso oy vilha we eels uaemnue Tandon TMiquepeNanngrnemNet usin Ty ‘Taduunn oda wazsstiytenensanningygim we. wee dyundinnsenetyiiiie aruenssumanqwfim ansAna yy wears uaewienrntiyiadosramnd wa. ete Duka shusesingdauMleiiangmc Ato nesiatiqeadeutlaviatnsesviiydinta Aanangmnedtorueghaleyhthodas dy was etiydannensanngysim (ody Fo) WA. ode unrmieT ng uAlAseangnnenay (atul a) WAL lead Duta athehfimulumatwnenalyady gisisbitaslddtumovaiufunclitosldien saat uslaefiedael’ fedtaathne ais shower wiiudAAnasoduslan wa... Howse ayia utlufaatazenangmnetifn (atu malitinhomenatiyavinuravdafueer anew yamaannuthingmaelatels _) WA. onquaitiowhrdutifidennernifishiond a Df we auf « obo sowfurhalsrsa doveusnsbtvntwnarsintipdaadudidungranednwcuteta Tne unfudraalmranssfiog a ahve Fo «. diungmnelailieaianrion vin wiereymameaiuilon wa eee smbrinnefifornwh “lnefithunaseaniingmnwsvaemagueresgutlan” ve. doviungmanefiendongmneurinfiatiuastslingmansatiulmiuns ou ware TiyiRecuemaxnranqssin WA werole Aalzrsngedionnath “Tnohdunrseunasl¥unlye ngmnuhunmznssumangygmussngmnandaaiosrnzesyns” dwiungmne ainwousdleedtuneninnaenaiyeiauialsdnanaa ante ©. shvungmnewMlatmangmnedesldieAvey. bis fumauMleianenan vfovfiahaanaan (fhaom. Wi som Ad sat) oie mass igdaamentaumanqugim (atuA w) Wa. were smabransetitonrwh “Tnettiunaseuna sui Turinmungmnod savenisnsaunranqugny” sralsrantie o Had rwitadwwunwagys uAiserlduzanfuansnveontutrwniion fi urisebinonsinaluiid anmerntranfiftionauuianlsnivuannag manent feeriotyn Aatiutastinraarudlahitt sovindusanfretoumewudnne dvdunsemaiyditwuiigorayy (aduleytn ymofinns wane san aol) wight “suwsesrauggterartuiungmane lad usTeurmucriuscduveunestgan” fav wlmenatyambitotianantié webs moore dowllnientiutmaenudmundnetodtiananibicmelann sonmreratmuadae vot lovrnuniqiimeasigesanyg tude giulalienseanwiese fhmwall w ana Ae snAN oslo uneIMAT oo'e’ FaasdranmrMldc mbna ‘Wiftnenaimeationth 9 sonlaso ted nveanarin Sonivlunewtusosdawl o f ududrolidiomnmnednlssnuneumerdiedawe (ta middutnmaenarimun) wink Sonnduy Wldgalserominmadaodreolud eine mera had aniisronedigan usa sninaniniensigunteatudiatonnntin hilt: rowhtuyantiy onudenaenseiAlseiellove’ Daserstinrned shodishansennyalh wn wisrisvyga ae ae mwATAeMTsvoanuRENUsUMsUszine tn we. in Ee a aw J Tnathiumrmunartanssurnr mem asoonuasiatunszsinatng4 al Df wa auf» oot MothahawsesA as nazromimun fialnynssuungnrerenufiationlunrrpnyrtL aemtatull ee uqumny wa. edad fed we wqUMAN NA. bene Wet dene Inutldtvrerrmiquyuruscnstid eof mqumny ms. bdad BrTul we nikilunrufauaciuduasw WqBATIAL 1. bok uscingnrrellgnarwontimsn: fioFeunesromuesypnsuacihenr autem wurinsalay Tumsoensinrsenehurewiny Fpoptutdinosty unde liiteBshmsnrenbusasuvnnrads sowie SnosuMlvigesyqduduansiuzereuitenszinld vrenouriamabtingm sean ssuussifian rina ainfurionlumatulonss Ssaunrsbiislnynssuuriynnailenzsyia niouadostumanserindonda ortoémnvewnenutins) eos vovigsssuyquisrraoraninstny tansy nae ee wasnqanlusanday Wasinsesisimunduly mono tuit soudl tw etal uM w druiire eond TWanagtaoehetl jsinmandusnan Tnesnerwaneeithimadendamierm gia tetany “s rs a 5 INA) @ wast MYA Ian “wresnyginuzntsMsINgUAM WA, edooe Dram atimans anand we saduunigyisvaetwitwiungmine Shongmnavzesosetingrane Lierustolatoreytitaen Insindtnldedusermunlnedenisemalanaferngune ddundn du “nacraoty gad bildiodudiuedanrniudsemealus raise ngunenily duly” “woesrmiypadbistioetusionturiomun...J toudtudaemelus raven” sfoverrmumtilitheilaatmatudduinoulls iu “wsesrvggadlitsvidiudud Fufudulu” udoreituromerateuataainsme het atow mung uuureinaliiory unneneoonliine Hrocraid waerraslyimuqerns WA, walole IotyAluanws w “nazromiy gad i sitsdudusTudavinduvsenmlusrnfsenuny maces MAD toate Suinaudtasla Wasviunszsrenguany chitin anan © unendinnaern dn dovdunstitdummlsulgangmane Ganaengn agmnemnbatu unclinzeriydiadubaluny) feetosiiunendinngranednlandenls vhanan 9 uithilungmne lid sdsbiesiingmnsdtuiaaiomsetbitostanasd no eniinngyaneviants sefowundnlinnemnaty Fontiouanuneadiuufluratidiae Aachadin anen o udonssrasTiyPAdanuacinwrAMANMaUaNTAUMOIA 1A, Bead’ “WAT TH enfin (o) nazrmiygidna Suse Foy rqaunnmuremouned WA. wor (») nazsomiggasnatusrinw ranma suradouunsr a (aUUM b) 1.4. weoo (a) was migyaffi us Fauac Tne rqen mau radouunsa7 (avuA 0) WA. kate’ uriathslafinn iilotostumatnudovoruntiydfingysnenne 9 eraveideubadinscus sweeping clause Tidhwassnsessannan a tunsiiviunralfingingmneneulurinase Tue ungranelmigcoresesden MlnelaltiunenidinngmanamaashlAlneddowtudimwavets “yarmumngmne npiotiedy ussvazmeadulludunigga iudlunsesrlygaa niodsionToudsnuumunonseroyyAd bilgwsesrniygaiiunn” anan 2 ihwnanimeuniion nififosiiuniensfitermuatousasasar ranesoriunserntig Alina wo duehdoteltewwsss siya Winsevintonta onetime thiatungnnetufemnomevsinenadiarh 9 WwiliMecrady few doth “quyd mumeneiiyAtamrooqammsedfhiguyyd we. ene Alma ‘ A we’ atiufi obo raadonsymyralTeelguhaeml® Duds Tangirothounienn eraanan @ uvewsesa8 TiqydRenemaamanqwlim WA. wate “nan @ lunserntygad “mbourmvesig” vanuna nsenzs murs nsw sianisdoupinn uae mrumadauriosiin uashinnannusatssgiamfensononsduresig iinzzranqygm rhuualdidundanunostgeumser aya “Wamifiuesig” mnwnran shrenr win gntie wiogilgdaendulu mismo sty oy ana a nmainennns ngmnedaulngieetosmaminsann — duuvingyanw AforhiOy “ngmanenene” ula wesatydahMaumaaauotomntanid WA, weaioo thats Seoebifoatmntpantginwany mofingmneduthadositiguniginenaftiiodsslowsy mmififipunitnontosiniven rtkamgamugmouhaunadnar nwo fis memavlafuneyana nonviniuderlinagamanantenatudaunanradeniunnlgia srungmanents 9 Tignes duuson many ana quent Dau ygMedeinwaManrensaMeuacuvut Higund¥inwnayewnienca oil ududaraamnemarinresoaes niga 9 sow smiesosumiiqu faite afin nam angmnents wanvrnrinninh guuasiadusinwmn udrdoimuad mney lisasignni is viv donaudiatoninomedantyd dw danngnensarhMunPhosMiON unsoonngniensNduaNseT Nyy aiaE meninsnnd sowesetiyAluvadunvn inavinwmaregiihanan gavheriondumnny Tnerlniffesnan « weinan @ usdthwenaigdaiadulalii miutinna inaninhinalleganqihusowen igi dniulsewangyne sho 9 hananinannnssag tines ati yalleusswnangminend ais, daw o id auanaesongmnetiuitas dlonuniectudwsnen e wionan © idudhil nvstisludaw o dacuintmnntalsl veduntonendoudaudenedeyies maenatiyitioy Iudouilcieniututaloroowsrmigd hones atiyeiene 9 veove Baresiinans Mlessstrvodhsladoatulumndmenzvesngvansiiss edradu slungraneiiisevuns ayaa Iudruilfeeteneyfienneygna ostnamugafoniiuguatiens Yanagida YQ nnsteoygneuacoonTuoyNIA ryluoyYA MiomyMTinlabinnountsluayyTA milewtueygna magnosdt ins uta difingransdnmeredinvms uly ngmnematumaeds Trongmnwuriacdinwcieriy ee Sere « seflenentreritinunciawreroimmnos Selumatrnses atid auilaesin nef efimen unussdiunlhoniqnduahinenulanntosdyieciion Safudaufeanigavamsinngane aout & uminmialns unrinmualmadvanmn sist utalitinaupivimangminenialishfurengmns Ins muti unsenanigg iene 9 afvimdwarlnwlty viofeiiuay Inet dus: Trmuillneuniositudanaawt Treninifidusran 0 0 wuseonituimn usidaniiens \frmantuodads Madioudermitatvrowrinewnere® Inucmivenaaunodinecus clu aondavagtios frelmaiumetieuninsinneineadialihe daianiusulk Vin ude eanaingruriettiinarmuntsAnfeatuundyindatedvauen sy wiolean authlnelionnavithald aes eo wivvarriniyaueraayuilne WA. eae verhmA Tmiimetlaiod “inn ee dmanserianlinurasy eof 3077 ed UAT eat HI—INAT Lo Wunrwlaroiios garerivtossznsInwusiutuac bifutriuwm nfolaifuaonriries ralivudmtumslavanin ananrcuzaiiebAunde liugianw” shothsenfnatostnuvuntete anadegaulddovasfianalndengmanellavanl’s ud du dhfunnathaldosmansmnsursuiemnalns dena oo uvensesatinyliiam gaennnsaurdnlsenalne 1A weno Wityrathndlmansinamgnernnriawrisnisinene Vito samanansauvinienelne” Hy ina oo dathaunrmnelmagiAudtansrae: iyi Hand “sna37 wet GlanAuanas e« sosierielnyinqntahiiunitamounTousu tain sos wiorsdolsy uscltEniussntetooumeundssinly”ff a Of we ati o obe ABidowunrhywalmuresiog lo uuu éa Sranmarirhmng mer ndedwimalsdinsns Yow" maevhinrauneths fo dufaneaniautch “Fat Ttacwnarinmualmeaedudutae fle. 909" Hrodivadw was) ew uiOnaETIMIUTAAT WA welt dadusnan Fawagiuarwan eee eee ra) wd strudhigieiiog 11 Tuazouns0s Suupiecitugtt tuum Tuunes7 we nioilugia wioldnenglésuluoygrmdonstr uaa” mnarrimwalmessiduat “ine ao ni PlathAuwnas7 we Inrufedess:rsInwusutalAunitoriann” unig mama arhmungueaiantuduiaanarmelsglansrannadhentivedhale is 3 2." mnevitamualmwfeedudaiay “ele laipumieny. oe” Wie “Aba. fos aeaviny” grothindy xo oo uReNIAT on uroMETrMtiyganenraunangEgM aut WAL ware dtl “w1e77 ao Iinnenssunaiisduto mnie memiridoeia lit (0) dnistorounwmdzusnaasigniatimbtivastenifv stone liimbtoiues toiveF onal inrausu featur rnlpuaewresmizesuvssentorondwhiivesigh tharos (0) VimiausunesighiAuatosdstan tanaranTonenundng mdustitrios nia aumatenale AsgumundatomhAyorighumiavenaosipiuaraucatoliiourty! (@) SmtotarFuntdftomnntiomenundng mawsenaunsierse. («) dmivtatunhiyanstifuriostinostoenianbitioud wodonundng 7 anussnaumaieze7” ; wat snaniihmelnwssathaaa an eee te eeee wA27 em Plalailjumumiissasunfoonanwes i («) FosxersInw jnantaifuntiadounfoututakfuntotiarn wfotdnfalty” Sgn leihuntatounFousulafuniewuwm wondrous a ; : dons ; 5 malioadhvinnms usa hier muelnudeedoumiananrinnag mening somantiadumanamann sod useono Du smstinnns wienmiydiliazunadad wa. was 4 aye su Tahfumeats anA77 ne HleerAusrasy a aazenity dosseralnwutulaifineastouum tee eee eee ee inns eo GleehAure @ a3nK0s wiorhAuddowoontinenusinth w5o sastos suanary « forhAuarery 9 watraosmunamus or wSorowl dla eee eae ate tornanio hiduaunruacern liridaoundeumang 79077 we IITA HosTEIN ssantakfuntlaten useictthoht SoBe 5, Tnysnqnlaifuniiadon niousulsifudasouuin ndonvdriodiy anarr ae Slanhfucrdadeaunnd aruanas) oo nSau7AT7 eo! wFathfuaraTy ‘i Oo ah sslndercatailautesmasth Se dirnfiait bo dosrzralnwdagntaifumudon nfousubitwhteoum wiorsdnbusy anes) ate fledhAbwnes) ob u997 90! AT) we WTO? be faszz7 saantadiiinmnden atéiltiy sri Gea tebe sa Paid Invingntuifinnndon nfaulsulahfuntorium forint snasn an lenhifiares) oo atacieae, Fg. Sit ae lunsdiinguinizeaanasy @¢ 277Aniy Movter7aInymamyAAltw077 oe ahauava, Suechgitontnenutintr wf lunailaidgulinrsmuanary & a77na9 wiodrudrdominenatawtad nfo soriasmanan « doszenslnvowiiggal tunes «0 lunradeRuradstmunndaranan eo nFona7 ed dostzrelnvewtiyge Whar «e 489 dou & unamena yoine1u8a untarnemalouniqytd stnoliaaarntoudafioe littuniyats Andel uniamemareiéinunelumrodumanserh gaucnfaandaasyanatifuntaiiog FiowfingmnulolitALlitonsldiviolvineesriavtemutiimaliwumamemada wa fi inwensifhanrarymelitynaslataunievian vedanta wlaneluraii manna _ cwoult sosg@hathsurianremanorlut @. fieafurmensium ine ooo Wisner nTgduatuainyAMMAUaNoN HA. weoea a Dh we aun o ome “1077 eo lnsznsrontiod Mudadonmenssum sl uredounyT AeraAAT ob wiwasrmtygAl ian ensruMr ra muaatomunsn ads ldFLumsmvognousuinas7I0- oii Sonsoglus-unsiatoulpuianitio oun dmeusnazumsfitdusost tod aeudisumba” 16. (ieaMunrstadeauins 271 eb uvonsesiadyimsrhommermurabenelna wel were e a fd ‘7977 io IMTouusaoriieni ninciu anf vil asonsusuuszanevesnsy awe dh Ha dase ost nate mifuwdied naenzaewen ludauiAuatuewwiueauiios mwitgunadiinua FEF es decile a . Lidluses non. weil dustiutigauntuszmelusrafvenyiune o. (Reariuglasutunygra jan ke cuvewasmigahauddamis wa. exes “wan wa MiuraengiinintudsTAFulvoygrasrnigamnsionuarns) why naerimgfilaiudonds WA. ton ssid neto tA Tuomas a9 Tygaihiugininkdelasulvoyyraraanan » unowseretygad” sounnMradnunawemaliginigranenis useueutuiardrdaviuad: Aruna nemavenaliindegatirinituessoe — » 7 wovanyAinynscoridua calvl «) WA. leaoo “wn927 96 bitmitenairh “uinrsssingnrze anus” use “uSmadviny inant” frsaneay o useumiigfunes « wonrsrradgaiRingnacenato mse ny nnn 1A, weed roumuMauaulnunresavgaiall litimuogdatua-miunrsuinras Anynsevnafosuazmsufinrdvinlnaintnesinlnumsibinda ge Souruby srumioiodnintnih toil eunsingnrensavimundnvmsntovounan rsa singdindn Hoonmumutuanasy « 2x59Kw wimnrermyalmingnscedusuasinglnavinl na. vaca Surttuiuiulunsesroyaiaitas ati” slosuunamemmuthinanidudagsuanowncummleans guamowseur sweloomatlersetew pahevorhimgmne Aleae Baunsiienné “fiuauomnreuaurrvlosme wun tguuas” do nuguthosomnses ign iudla dongmanefiseos ior wufinndinn auacinn, ambznevhomenstgdalmunilWmminsoshoserniydeda — detuvinnsinniune inquad dleWAinimehae nti ydalunaivgune ads doummanquasd lita yessedyihhy pnwstaudanstottafinndansuncinqaadarefeetadtdineiabanns dont Veriesutiuunensevininithongmnetadimedaqetwla detudorvoonnacion Dufinvdionauncinquad Wileadonionartmunsiieulgiludostioguaweads Mfg eaviaaga tuienciguun’ mamtfovioud ws oboa/aie Tui wo HNTAN weed Sroshatufinndonsuazinqna wdinnna Tillage dnkaeswin auton voonuasridunalseinelne wna, Tnathiegiinmat nse havzeinefienndagiiued anndonastgtulamansagie soslieina Useneutunnévemfalremeadinauistutiannta demeaviedoourennio mmidsoonunciindhuvinieinalnety uesinnianbilivinnmonatuuavin dno, wostumpiminerhabund dustumadwombelontionasiqiulamarsygtin voniaina Soudutowsmaniyal Woatufinndnmauncinqnouda Adudwhauiwluuiverguhovoowsen ety ath ilafifei mura wtf tunaininangranelunemmunenashe 9 doswngmne infedoutosudaAlusnath@vh Tumadetingmnnts vhowrstoougiamwsileudwn sneniguet ninurasmedowionnc gain’ Ineisnsathsésluraugl w vossifieutind aiejonaraniuiis sadoud iam rontgnt Ahihorumiadowionnrguuad (atu) WA. lado Tnefithumssnerautlnmatnssatioudithannigauad ahfaenasuetooionns Fpnind na, wens utoviialyendninoitunsmamuotrangmanosasdyusrennaehe 9a reicigund Wisenedociivulenesosigunatwantimounraitersnesmesemsltitia pas er ee beeen Arwamenan 72014 unchilasanBormarndisd, nousTgaund ter receationl Moro le fo o seiouilifencn “aaideudnthwniggmed +founrasedesionne ign’ (oiul ) 1A. wane” Fo wo reunite uMudttud © wqymen weed uéull Yo 0 Wendinanaludaull & ivaemasuerrngmne unelilteramelutunn “owl mmanneliiingmanedulminsoituoutlafaaiangyae 4a ob melitisiudawl © staumamuadoaaly bamaduoreliingmnedulmal viouorouMlmngmnenleiervedlulyytutonmsiguatiennia Widows Whrondostori wae tnd stavin ier everquussianaravaenoun aie id inamioiene Sguuntmadnofid winaménvanmeignuniiinan fo od ni Dufinianertagimuta op HasflansedAqtoralui (o) Unqrouscenadufivbanriauesetiingmnety mireueroullaiaumangmane MidwMvogludogin Tneliustret dosanotinneigauntienantadausanatros doolaennudathnme Barnstimant (0) dthaoetathatosnaumamingrenenesingranerastilacbiontiiansns mavduna ii wenictgannd unl (2) unsdivingmneditatioAuagludleytubomsoungalu bith Alsthunstiviin snnma bietulingmanediod MfinssAnénm (e) dudootinttioningvanstatyaitososiulaiaion viobinuerut lama ngmnvfitarluayibinrourqpludadostonana (0) aymufentostumalingmanelaed susan rains 9 Aibuginwmamangwanedy Tnetissytoeh Winrmtedannanaene a tuadavtolal usenrstingmnovinuenntive dustin Gude wot doutunnlingmneenauninnduntols wiaxaenqun usewin bile nardeatestunslingmnelaudunansdultreyoudul ioe (0) rmasetayanfor nauhavindaysrenanoynnafifivaios mnbisinrsoleyanie praia Abernqnaliiae (@) ngyanefauadatmetifinsveayqnauter fen sadhntvad slantoliuncd ponntnthatostn wlssmstitaguabamendunn Bn ronyyaiounenlantoll ngmine sondaethsiunountoiioon ath viunowdulaintabiucdunawiudienaiuhaosla 9 naavin lina (€) vaedudiymunuwamitunnnullnlyr toon asnolieoisgpartiorin iets lunsifiaslenauansrotisenhedausrimafifiedtion fitness dnRuendudo 9 (b) vainnratuisesfnehaigy 9 Adware aAeontaatyherssfegtatngrne #onsiralnwweniute 9 $0 ob a8 tonarassnaumsfieinnwada ob Adaunumathsontosndoatarh Viurhonaratenalut (0) Tunsitidhudasthesio soon funseriatiglintonsesiariamun (n) thidhumsuntretulmifiaty Weoununateadostaviingranete: uawolRane gaming uscaqamerhAqrestengwanemendradade 9 wiawkonmaa uscrrashithsx , : ba alin @ end (2) thitharautlaiatangmneliiemuayluileyta eum tavendostn wha uindinmatualseidud ayia tiaasvedodtud angmmnemandalasuendude 9 uscesos Sinoncdoniomoe wliDauwamslunientrungmnsludootulintontunqaauacrra ‘Sudulnelbitestnvinhongmcaanelinnsignniioson cuuslunadifthshonaeseriamn fut luintungmnateaumdaniviatwan Wdaunanratmesdasiniunradwie fiulu (@) (n) (o) Tunriifithatosrestosaonthamissringy fio ngmenrantooysiaidn (0) thidhunnensnedvtaifoatiy Whiounanvathvendasiarindaengmneuse tonsradumeriuty (a) (n) (9) thidunrauMTauaiang net otuahadayutldousanatrandes Aovithengmnoussionsradueauls (9) (0) usedavntyitentevundiydrosngyans ‘Mi tovogladeyiurvcongmnatutletmllavreytearauandrwyesmseay wioarts onpuatroutleloasqimauuuiytianaas « theeiieuizae (o) tanaditestianeauwuthe (iu unui unuatyasqay Widusremtines Moviurommagnfommnanmmunuthatinin uaeid ives aanendmontouse. shunanndufituntosi ama founemsvanousaaiauda («) Tunadiidhinniaeutialqadane oraafieantanSornadye 9 Weumenas dhroaiocimhnmauteuievdanaltaylaleyiutudns wiualyaiae fa oot ons tguunttaiusoutelundnnraiesliingmnedulaintoutloty Wiangmnentatieruaghuleytn fhanslignundianeadadowkindalad sin wanenaanns NqwimAeAtun Versinamdrmansipurtdes engmnenosundnmatuvsedn arétyfinaailusangyaneunsionsrausenourd usremadapondod Ain une Arua reustguuaiieronmaio ob #7 (9) (n) Wie (is) wianria o» 97 (@) (9) ud Welavinawe sousnsaamanqufimanraierannioinhadutangmane utausinadh - 7 pee Ho ac) 18 lunstivehainowmnenaannangpafinrliierancudlatutostideliats maiudeitiodiestousemuncidenbiviemerommwiunnelt wosnndanamatesone Dorsersthenns devtodlierutunnntigntonunvesudumafimelitato op ni wat ov #f datnem acuentaunangyfimenedatasions naw ludadwinaninvienciguatntoautstinnwt sulstocdtauisviontar waxidenlaianan 4% oo! 68 hangmanevinssumstangmnendadwinewenensramanqwgn lahat nnatorirunenfansawteraocurtqudy Wielwtny mannan ingygnWdaiurnaid (0) Savinmonctiunduaston aed Aquviedungmanentulnedtte arsed Aquat 9 aeipnarnfato niowfongususcrnitiunsonadiedunmfienmumaaasdy (Shi) turns festiostvfoutlamaatangmnentn 9 Fan (o) Iunadivtasongmnavutlamatangrneh atiaveyladyyiwinrndyivion- Wieuuntiqy ino mngranefldihemvorlurlogtiuassengyanedulelannfontangnalaucp! (0) Jaded ynpanelamdumasiusantowvensraseneunieonAw (6) Une (lo) Witninamsnianeiguuntondwaufedninen anaes iguaicnua fo oc luniidtnongmnermuetMostunt unuily woonsmunuthe vote meni aviteatunniauduedomianind ullbituntigei@liduanyinfounndounute ‘Vidournanntrandostinduananafind ofiamairsnnnndhinnuanenramangygim ‘Visine minnie igpountnatuawti nian inannctguunttinmin” then oF FMA ante WA. weoe anti durnsqu wenigunedLa délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est Prasit AEKAPUTRA* INTRODUCTION La présente étude est consacrée A la délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est!, une zone maritime contestée et revendiquée par les Etats cétiers de la région. Cet article souhaite- rait refléter la technique juridique de ta délimitation maritime dans cette zone et aussi découvrir la pratique des Etats de I"Asie du Sud-Est en ce qui concerne la solution des problémes épineux de la délimitation maritime qui sont & la fois tombés dans le contexte juridique, économique et politique. I. La technique juridique de la délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est 1. La ligne de base 4) la notion juridique Juridiquement, la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de ta mer de 1982 classifie Ja ligne de base en deux sortes ; I’une est cele de Marticle $ qui dispose que la ligne de base normale est la laisse de basse merle long de la cOte et 'autre est cele de l'article 7 qui dispose que la ligne de base droite est une ligne reliant des points appropriés lorsque la céte est *Professeur associé 1'Universté de Thammasat, Faculté de Droit, Bangkok "Voir ttusration n.° 1: La zone maritime en Asie du Sud-Estang Qarunstinans profondément échancrée et découpée, ou s'il existe un chapelet d'fles le long de la céte, a proximité immédiate de celle-ci. Méme si la Convention de 1982 n’est pas encore entrée en vigueur?, les Etats cOtiers de I’Asie du Sud-Est ont la pratique et 'opinio juris considérant la ligne de base normale et la ligne de base droite comme droit coutumier®, La Birmanie*, le Cambodge, la Malaisie, la Thailande et le Viét-nam ont utilisé ces deux méthodes pour leurs délimitations mai La Birmanie a déclaré le 15 novembre 1968 que la ligne de base droite était une méthode applicable lorsque les conditions géographiques le long de la céte birmane la rendaient nécessaire et afin de sauvegarder les intéréts économiques vitaux de sa région cdtiére.° mes. Quant au Cambodge et le Viet-nam, la méthode de ligne de base droite est aussi appliquée par ces Etats,® La Thailande, elle aussi, @ applique la ligne de base droite pour déterminer son golfe historique y compris ses zones n.° 1 au n°, 4,7 En effet, les notions de ligne de base normale et de ligne de base droite dans la Convention du droit de la mer de 1982 sont trés proches de celles de la Convention de Genéve de 1958 sur la mer territoriale et la zone contigué puisque la Convention de 1982 conserve ces régles dans leurs grandes lignes. En conséquence, la technique juridique du tracé des lignes de base est généralement acceptée et reconnue par les Etats c6tiers de I’Asie du Sud Est non seulement dans le cadre du droit conventionne! mais aussi dans le cadre du droit coutumier & vocation universelle. b) Le tracé des lignes de base Bien que la Convention de 1958 sur la mer territoriale et la zone contigué et la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer de 1982 disposent les mémes conditions techniques du tracé de la ligne de base droite notamment interdiction du tracé des lignes 2 article 308 para. 1 de cette Convention dispose : “a Convention entre en viguewr douze mois aprés Ia date de Gépét du soixamiéme instrument de ratifleation ou d'adhésion.”” P11 faut noter dValleurs que les Etats de U'Asie du Sud-Est sont parties & tz Convention de Genéve de 1958 sur la: mer tevitorale et la zone contique. Seu! ls Philippines et M'ndonésie ont ratifié la Convention de 1982 tandis que les auires Etats dans cette rézion ont signé ladite Convention, 4Le nom de ce pays est devenue "“Union de Myanmar" depuis 1989, mais lauteur préfére garder son ancien nom pour des raisons historiques 3 Voirs ilusration n.° 2 : La ligne de base droite de la Birmanie dans la mer 4’ Andaman. Soir illustration a.° 3 : la ligne de base droite du Cambodge et n.° 4: la ligne de base droite du Vietnam, ‘Voir itustration n.° $ : la iene de base droite de la Thailand.a al Df we alvh » one de base droite de fagon excessive sans tenir compte de la direction générale de la c6te (article 4 para. 2 de la Convention de 1958 et l'article 7 para. 3 de la Convention de 1982), cette le exceptionnelle laisse une latitude considerable & 'Etat cOtier® puisque les Etats cOtiers peuvent tracer unilatéralement leurs lignes de base selon leurs propres critéres Sur ce point, il faut noter d’ailleurs que la Convention de 1982 ajoute cing innovations concernant la méthode du tracé des lignes de base en faveur des Etats c6tiers notamment celle du tracé des lignes de base droite dans le cas des embouchures de fleuve pour relier des point appropriés dans le cas des embouchures de fleuve. En effet, la oil la c6te est extrémement instable en raison de la présence dun delta et d'autres caracteristiquese naturelles, il est permis de relier des point appropriés choisis sur la laisse de basse mer la plus avancée (I'article 7 para, 2), celle de l'utilisation des hauts-fonds coiiverts a la marée haute comme point de base lorsque leur utilisation & cette fin a fait objet dune reconnaissance internationale générale (article 7 para. 4), celle de l'utilisation des lignes de base normale combinée avec des lignes de base droite (article 14) ou bien celle de l'utilisation des lignes de base pour mesurer la largeur des zones maritimes sous la juridiction nationale (les article 4, 33 para. 2, 57 et 76 para. 1) et enfin celle de Varticle 47 de cette Convention qui permet aux Etats archipels, comme les Philippines et 'Indonésie, de relier les points extremes des ies les plus éloignées par des lignes de base droites ou autrement dit “les lignes de base archipélagiques”. Les espaces maritimes enfermés par ces lignes seront placés sous la souverainté de I’Etat archipel ((article 49). Les cing innovations mentionnés ci-dessus étendent considérablement Iemprise des Etats cOtiers sur les espaces maritimes. La pratique des Etats cOtiers de I’Asie du Sud Est, comme I’on a déja vu, est un témoin de cette these. 2, Accords-équidistance-circonstances spéciales Les régles générales relatives a la délimitation maritime entre Etats dont les cdtes se font face ou sont adjacentes sont reprises par la Convention de 1982? en une simple régle tripatite : Accord-équidistance-circonstances spéciales. ‘Crest-a-dire que la délimitation maritime, aujourd'hui comme hier, est done fait par accord, En absence d’accord entre les Etats concernés, la délimitation sera faite notam- ‘ment par l'equidistance a moins que des circonstances spéciales n'imposent une autre solution. Lucius CAFLISCH, “Les zones maritimes sous juridiction nationale”, dans Le nouveau drot international ela mer, &4.A.Pedone, 1983, p.38 Voir notamment les articles 1 ‘quo en renvoyant soit aux régles des Conventions de 1958, soit aux regles coutumiéres dézagées par la pratique internationale, 74 et 83 de la Convention de 1982, Ces dispositions mainsiennent le statuexe Darserstinrnad On observera d’abord que plusieurs accords de délimitation entre les Etats cotiers en A: du Sud-Est ont été conclus conformément aux dispositions de l'article 12 de la Convention de 1958 sur la mer territoriale, de l'article 6 de la Convention de 1958 sur le plateau conti- rental et des articles 15, 74 et 83 de la Convention de 1982. II s'agit, en premier lieu, de accord de la délimitation maritime entre la Birmanie ct la Thailande du 25 juillet 1980 qui délimite & la fois la mer territoriale, la zone économique exclusive et le plateau continental entre ces deux Etats par l’équidistance'®. En deuxiéme lieu, il s‘agit du traité de la délimitation de la mer terrioriale entre la Malaisie et la Thailande du 24 octobre 1979 spécialement dans le détroit de malacca entre des iles “Butang Group” “Pulau Langkawi” et aussi dans le golfe de la Thailande. Encore une fois, I’équidistance est la méthode appliquée pour la délimitation de a mer territoriale centre ces deux Etats. En troisitme lieu, il s'agit, enfin, de la délimitation du plateau continental entre la Thailande et la Malaisie conformément a article 1% du Mémorandum d’Accord entre le Royaume de Thailande et la Malaisie sur la détimitation du plateau continental entre ces deux Etats dans le Golfe de Thailande qui dispose que Iéquidistance est une méthode applicable pour ladite délimitation'? La pratique des Etats c6tiers en Asie du Sud Est nous montre ainsi que la méthode istance est généralement reconnue et acceptée par ces Etats. de Véq On peut observer aussi que le critre des circonstances spéciales en cas d’absence d'accord ne joue pas un grand réle de la délimitation maritime dans la région de I'Asie du Sud-Est. En cas du conflit, les Etats cOtiers en Asie du Sud-Est préférent de prendre des ‘mesures unilatérales et, dans certains cas, seulement la méthode du tracé des lignes de base droite est utilisée par ces Etats pour corriger les points géographiques de chaque cdte désavan- tageuse. En conséquence, plusieurs lignes de base droites ont été proclamées par les Etats c6tiers désavantageux de la région notamment les lignes de base droite en Golfe de Thailande, les Voie illustration n.° 6 : La carte annexée au accord de la delimitation maritime entre la Biemanie et a Thailande. (selon Varticle 1© de cet accord, la déimitation de la mer teritrile est fixée par les points n.° 1 a 1° Set la diimitation du plateau continental et la zone économique exclusive est fike par les points a.° 1 A n.° 9) "11 faut noter ailleurs que pluscurs accords de délmitation entre les Etats cdiers en Asie du Sud-Est font été conclus par ces Etats en acceptant la méthode de Méquidistance comme méthode applicable dela dimitation ime. Ces trois cas évaqués ci-dessus sont seulement les exemple les plus marquansfl we alll « owe lignes de base droite dans le cas des Etats archipels comme les Philippines et I'Indonésie etc. 2 3. Principe équitable Quant au principe équitable de la dél accepté comme un principe général directement applicable en tant que droit}? et codi déja dans les articles 74 et 83 de la Convention du droit de la mer de 1982, il est évident Que Ia solution équitable de 1a délimitation maritime au sens des articles 74 et 83 de la ‘Convention de 1982 est aussi reconnue et acceptée par plusieurs Etats cdtiers en Asie du Sud-Est. tion maritime généralement reconnu et ‘On constate ainsi que plusieurs accords de ta delimitation maritime dans la région tiennent compte du. principe équitable, par exemple, le partage equitable des ressources maritimes'* entre les Etats concernés dans cette région ou bien le régime de juridiction, '§ basé sur le principe équitable, en vue d'utilisation ou d’exploitation commune des ressources ‘maritimes dans la zone de chevauchement. Malgré tout, il est aussi évident que de nombreux problémes de la délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est restent encore insolubles en raison des interéts vitaux dans les domaines économiques, politiques et juridiques. On va examiner ensuite dans la deuxiéme partie de ces pages sur la pratique et les problemés de la délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est. I. La pratique et les problémes de Ia délimitation maritime en Asie du Sud-Est. 1. Les proclamations maritimes Etant donné qu’il y a plusieurs espaces maritimes controversés en Asie du Sud-Est et qu’il n'y a pas encore, jusqu’é ’heure présente, d’accords de délimitation', les Etats cOtiers "2 Voie ilustration n.* 7 : Les Etats archipels de Asie du Sud-Est et es routes importants de la navigation eC n° 8 les aun archipélagiques de ndondse, SC.1J., Recueil 1982, 9.60 pare. 71 “Lequité ew tant que notion juridique procéde directement de idée de justice: ta notion juridique d’équité est un princips général directement applicable en twat que droit” "Voir Vance 4 de I"Accord du 2 mars 1979 de la delimitation du lit de mer entre a Thalande et MInde 0 mer d'Andaman et Vartice 3 de Accord entre la Thailande, PInde et W"indondsie concernant la fiation des Points communs tipartites et la delimitation maritime entte ces trois Etats dans la mer d’Andaman, Voir Vance 3 du Mémorandum d’Accond du 21 février 1979 entre la Thalande et la Malaise concernant Pétablissement de VAutorité conjointe pout Mexploitation des ressources au lit de mer dans la zone <éterminge du plateau continental entre les deux Etats en Golfe de Thailande, Voir aus illustration n.° 9 = La zone exploitation commune entre la Thailande et la Malusie (La carte annexée au Mémorandum d’Accord, du 21 {ever 1979) '€Voirilustration n.° 10 ; La proclamation des zones maritimes en Golfe de Thailand.= Dormstinnns ont proclamé unilatéralement leurs zones maritimes & son propre critére. En ce qui concerne les Etats archipels, les Philippines et I’Indonésie ont proclamé leurs eaux archipélagiques conforment a la Partie IV de la Convention de 1982. Cela veut dire que 1a Convention de 1982 permets aux Etats archipels de relier Jes points extrémes des iles les plus éloignées par des lignes de base archipélagiques droites (article 47). Les espaces enfermés dans ces lignes seront placés sous la souverainté de I'Etat archipel (article 49). En outre, les Etats archipels peuvent utiliser ces lignes de base droites pour mesurer la largeur de leur mer territoriale, leur zone économique exclusive et leur plateau continental (articel 48). En conséquence, les Philippines et I'Indonésie ont béné des caux archipélagiques.!” Les proclamations maritimes de ces deux Etats deviennent donc ‘compliquées en raison de nombreuses zones de chevauchement entre ces deux Etats et aussi centre eux et leurs pays voisins. II parait qu’il n'y a pas encore, jusqu’a présent, de traité de délimitation des zones maritimes controversées entre ces Etats. ié largement le régime Quant aux conflits maritimes dans le Golfe de Thailande, le probléme est beaucoup plus compliqué pour deux raisons principales : d’une part est les nombreuses proclamations maritimes des Etats cétiers de la région, et de l'autre, les contestations entre les pays concernés. En ce qui concerne la Thailande, depuis 22 septembre 1959, elle a proclamé que le Golfe de Thailande était un golfe historique'® sans contestation des Etats voisins. Sept ans aprés, elle a proclamé, le 6 octobre 1966 que la largeur de sa mer territoriale est égale & 12 miles marins!?, Elle a proclamé aussi ses lignes de base droites en 4 zones?” en vue de délimiter le plateau continental avec les pays voisins dans Pavenir. A partir de 1970, elle a négocié avec les pays voisins dans le golfe de la Thailande pour détimiter les '7Les Philippines ont proclemé leur staut d'arcipel en 1955 et reié les points extremes de leurs ils les plus éloignés par les lignes de base archipéagiques droits soit un otal de 15 138 kiloméres de long et pour ses ‘eaux intérieures de $10 786 klométres carrés de large. Quant & IIndonése, se lignes de base archipagiques droites fen sont au fotal de 15 126 kilométres de long et pour ses eaux intrieures de 2 284 000 kilometres earré de large. (Voir Hanns J. Buchholz, Law of the Sea Zones in the Pacific Ocean, Institue of Southeast Asian Studies, Chong Moh offset Printing Pte Ltd, 1987, p.4S et 31). 8Voir la Gazette royale (Edition spéciale) Iustration 9.* 11 te golte historique de la Thailande, "Voir a Gazete royale n.* 83 Section 83 p.703, le 18 october 1966, (en the 20,oir illustration 0.° 5. 16 Section 91 pct (le 26 septembre 1959) (en tha et voirea al Df we ariui « oan zones de chevauchement mais sans résultat positif en raison des conflits internes des pays voisins, en particulier la guerre du Viét-nam et, la guerre civile du Cambodge. Elle a enfin proclamé, le 23 février 1981, ses zones économiques exclusives aprés Jes proclamations des pays voisins pour sauvegarder ses intérets économiques dans le Golfe de Thailande?! Pour le Cambodge, la premiére proclamation maritime, concernant la limite extérieure de la mer territoriale et du plateau continental, a été faite par le gouvernement de Lon Nol, Je 1% juillet 1972, pour la concession pétroligre & la compagnie frangaise (ELF). Le Cambodge a donc montré sa carte maritime au public, carte sur laquelle le tracé de la limite extérieure du plateau continental cambodgien traverse carrément sur Vile “Kat”* de la Thailand? Ceci pose évidemment un probleme de délimitation du plateau continental entre la Thailande et le Cambodge.° A l'époque du gouvernement ‘Heng Samrin’’, le Cambodge a changé la technique de sa proclamation en reliant la ligne de base droite autour des iles cambedgiennes. Le Viét-nam, lui aussi a proclamé la ligne de base droite au tour des iles vietnamiennes en déclarant que I'ile “Phu Quoc” du Cambodge était une ile du Viét-nam?* Enfin, la Malaisie aussi a proclamé fa ligne de base droite en déclarant que la zone de coopération commune entre la Malaisie et la Thailande était une zone maritime malaise, Ceci pose également un probléme de non respect de I’Accord de coppération commune. ‘Du c6té de la mer d’Andaman, les problémes sont moins compliqués que les problémes de la délimitation maritime dans le Golfe de Thailande puisque les Etats concernés ont abouti A conclure des traités de la délimitation des zones maritimes entre eux.?5 2. Le réglement des différends relatifs aux limites et délimitations maritimes ‘Tant que la Convention de 1982 n'est pas encore entrée en vigueur en raison de la durée d’attente de 12 mois conformément & I'article 308 de ladite convention, le réglement des différends relatifs aux limites et délimitations maritimes reste toujours facultatif puisque 21Vois illustration n.° 12 : La zone éeonomique exclusive de la Thallande dans le Golfe de Thailande. voir aus illustration n.%A 13 : La zone économique exclusive de la Thailande dans la mer @’Andaman 22Voir illustration n° 3 23Yoir illustration n.° 14 : La proclamation du plateau continental de la Thilande et voir aussi illustration n.° 15 : La proclamation du plateau continental du Cambodge. La ligne brévié du Vietnam.owe Da sestinned le régime de 1958 n'a établi aucun systéme obligatoire de réglement pacifique des différends. existe simplement un Protocole séparé consacre a cette matiére _auquel les parties concernés peuvent faire une requéte unilatérale (article premier) & la Cour Internationale de Justice & moins que les parties concernés ne conviennent de recourir a I'arbitrage (article 111). La pratique des Etats c6tiers en Asie du Sud-Est nous montre que ces Etats ne souhaitent pas régler leurs problémes de la delimitation maritime par l'intermédiaire d’un organe tiers. ‘Néanmoins, ils changeront, peut-, which is equidistant between the nearest points on the Thai, Cambodian, and Vietnamese territories. usustion £16: La ligne brevie do Vietnam, Voir K KITICHAISAREE, opi, pt2,ANuAR AAU UAATINWNMNAWUMATA AUUTINITTAvAMIY elo (lunwiitiarans) Inaias doyqying* ox + aw » = ~ ertuayTaueia (fiuafunra Hinaurynalumaienmun nguune) Stinngmnetimaaanniidaditeh Ineninanamnunana7yNIN Gictionaries) dh dowhinltlunstermuuenrationttuuniqumvoingyanslh Fudan raw udshresiianlihiléanoly one namaneeostiouthdonnltemunsTUMmagnm mation’ au Fianmamamen dade liwostinasulpataadonulsenmnyny ledaeesiam viistisiantld unsiii wo D no 1 funsterintndnafonie wan sosfntutuitosdwh thiadundinnh Aasiatornannosostourhaanen nn uh mntoutlanenynsilsernmnneiels (due “haw hamaumy” dyeeione sefaifboafimmemalin, manswnsitumnntmndusrsumnantDf we auf @ aba inlédoummarsnangraneuvouscnaded luda) crveshuniqgiias anlisetutn Wathls wonean wneiimammanelananaynaad afprsaqns galAIN a onametonandousih Livin (isos mnmnnesostoorualenuslimaganasiiemind ¥en) Sutownean prmunnios Iisoufuscbizourouduthuiesooyud iaWelsenanandnfionsmomnemndl waurynaalilSTaiaioly Trend malitesrntuuniqdivomgmne festiluanamnnindsssven (ordinary, natural or usual meaning or ordinary sensc) (Suusidoerwhutudiourramaslity fanvanem}s9n7 echnical_meaning) favehenamawynsneerianlvtunnmeziula romulil® weuryomatuuriReuntordzemenon (external aids) tunaflvesofenamne sostourhlignmiowuueuinty Wlinfosdaumets (internal aids) dofootieneteanda Agninertady wounynsabitedadragieerandndeuvin (Maxwell on the Interpretation ‘of Statutes 12 th ed., 1969, pp.28, 5$, Kiralfy, The English Legal System, 3 rd ed., 1961, p. 118) vandafiatodiinach Tunninvhdrmstaamaéslng bitttumelascdumnin vowounynasinaatoayluaniedt ra winutostontiancurohiysrntinnyy mw dvarigtutoatis 9 orhautieds Lildidosiiesnetra8hatiulnelbisindinga wiandingwlausinen Liaiiosno Ligndios doscifinanutelAbamends ilidosiieelidartyymnatinenrseehumis Agoqentangs 9 bso usibifienaganndtyhudonts 9 adwuitsiofoadraieme wee ypmaiiondanstirduangihumisinannduihs 9 Ineerteritmet bideatuenagarnaansn monflamslaAl® wanutitindudonnainndon flamnutematamdianadulatunense UsFBnradonutuyrnadindvevAuedrslatududndesntie siplutitiutoernunwetunenryna aiull were dasmnebamangmmnemnnray eratiiomasionty viuslitenamnelinnnaton dolfurertufsoutuacmaronh SouhonsthinaratrodtanitranrnmndawlihaeM wonvrndliolomaumeune tae heantannamnetion duladnitaoaba’ erdulan noun ATauAzod Drsesthewns WiAemmmneents bittumungmnentomidy onnenelall meunngea fui Se amaunue donnetuauemauny uslownal fh “chwhamaunw StiydaPlunganadudwawnn Twanwoane srauenialufliiaaan Somsteomnnne tunewnynatan dudututanas ngvaneuta Afesteunweinjaunngranethandinlnsnee aalsesangrine urlausewidisd thlunramnetudnncaciieuts Aioslansastine’e Dufay dastunenamadoulAie onaefiaremnedndudutoutere- acideati th Widow thudatueesunadsewangmneuvsusen iad Ainwneaciin Aaninfuin wed, afi v, wena vollig¢oburete oxo \Boorinsastodi on ‘Inglaite Milt Gadel, diansGowuthadives, iimiunases” thidurranuselveraninemengyne —wfusassaangmineuvis unewidad Shucly o ABLE Th “Asounsos ian guaeTh “Asounsos” (Dusadoroeryh Snnsounsos Sududahdervetiostlouw ame mraerh “niasounses” mannan coo Ao “ynnaladadonindaulauonn scdadortonn rnchynnaiwidasintnsounses” azriuvtewusléntolne samuneetindontiony Aidunaesounsoe unsflAAnsAsouMDM MAAN ono! wd fh cflonu’ fleoumneusifiorh “ouselow! @enetio vornu" (de Becker, Annotated Civil Code of Japan, 1909, p.179) wuidvinHia Avlisotudutuuselowteowmn Whailedesinbtioneufutrves athetl ‘VamilewMosrunnmetouty Asfilidanduneosod wit tiiounou- arosfivunaronfivenssiioyin (veligqieneuiuend “anaseunses" fofensradelitae) AnBesaurtaynannn ace fii “enw” Dienetemntertatrvonfamiatuthmimannasy onde amamine AMT Monemindonodiathalagn sennluglhten Senaaifuh -Fadonindéulanennedade Mouszlowivesnu"a ey DA we aul « sebes Twermammesomgminslétiitn Gadonounsonindiuvedjau Asountes ‘Mesasuuaraunudwomnociiudives fo caspunsoalsitnd aanuvislaldehtungmonlnelalseana Ngrenourwusewdedbisenn “asounsossiiny sus “nsounsomind Huvosidu s04 Faonunthudivos” uriftuenatunetusarngraneses Sang Adem adversary possession ulbwranangyanellna Tehinanitdade urivmerusiionlitasaaangmaneunwaewided Wlostaednéwagoangmine Sanquihingenlnerflvanengmnevimemedinqurantduncueund avi Aber wmnelndwenamnomangmnelne Selaiongntostn His “aBor fay Algntaxdn unmeevh “Gailor Wupodinnast vomralirdudndmaunrorduassiymvisednfesnéaemnw ano anan onve dafiasfinviounrarsounramnéausoygidy sa Maevemmusas or wna. aA97 aero Find bifevfureesiae insounpainot uutausncussoonting SudoaeriiVinrantniluntiltuaesounses selunutlutih areunsonindiwvoaidulauaeuuasiewe Arovwmniudives” Tamingmocl@titin -ihaagammndomnevoajanuvelima nsetimsedialaodianiley emuviwusilagenmmomnnfiordudimla dunemludouiite fumstinssoumtuna vdoyenmouongfidaulédelnesoungartnmuads Suan Sasveoyqrwvionnitensauonarsrfsoradunrtudwaueadosin dooiommbenangranesBienionenmuie aman ee idhuky unetth moerpagens Abitafusone ati onsemmwresdenavonnte fama umugennsiogudla TamenganelatilSh -sunastaenondonwinvaléiosdagarns thonitenscvinfodudoma slouimaosfimm Soudhittwh tududomgmneuila eefesdomanlsesaangyans using eve funay aiseabd fiwlan falvinaa gevm Darserstinrned FB vIMATTNUNS WAT 6 (o) TnsUNUNfieAtMLsAANgMENe TAIN emnuviainliiantivinn veftensninthenoufiussnangiane Reso ANN OQ sensvalasoflA sufwenwmnelaaahinietudosdy (dus unnemacfludomfadadtmeosguin Wun) fidudnodansela Tamangmnslatlih -fensiiiavedomagandiamaaena womwanunidowsh ynnalaynnaniienszriimsedhlaodianiieduls aunas emavislilsdenyrnlalinzramsbinney aacrivssnswiiuh navvimnatn 9 AA ufeauabimunrrinds odtsla duncan bimwaasse TW vnofififuitendounos ‘biuinen binnutglidaeaenndninnrn sintww slew arastadorthanndnioneriamadudhanlAudiarssanyrns Anfjride udayrnandeillAsuatomviona Ustnewauatasrewfameinscl dna (fhumisto) bhhmuuvindomaoign FMostomnedationafiswoiths Fomsorna falkmuotomMaldudawos dlosviniiauognlhudsandvdon fast¥8ndmomna uiieWieramnusosinh “niles 1S uleravanesmarbiinatay WITS fneetaramneiells Aonetoh uilfuaelintutdueiny (qissnangmnedéfiennnaTnuns sw 6 ABMUIN uNLOYAAT (@’) WAT oie! 779A te) shufgnsaol srutrAdudatinnfugnoselfim wumeqnnaelzi mitra aalssariangminetéRersonennunisnAn a (a) ‘Tmernmmnseangmnelatit ia “Tensifesaeluaditimndy uozranusadeynnadiianinreriimaumiynnarte | eamgranerdoh quiemnunar sranlseanangwaneBRersonAnaune 3AM @ (ee) “Gar” wan foypnaidurrtowfognoianna sa unzmnaysnan (a) soWesiarane AvintoowalunAbifiomnkas setuluertbierwnft “gan Wh ude ladiostintrdanfinan (qussarangnane sisson tAUNONIATT ace (a) (n)) MetiamenArtionwninty unciituetooselundt bitJ a Df wa ath o Foviiniontivlonigilasnitan Snfijfintaundodunuteatos Afetayann wduhthiiugar Quan ede (e)) sovenamnatuvists teatich “Tontfoduaalundnitiertmn MioGloworfogiatnlundthivonwm uazmnosudaynnaliians mavrimaunuyanaiiu 9 Waningmnendolugnemnunaw" TnerrnanevtalllatAliay “grid yandoriur unetumengnanelall® Wenner Tuaamanemungmine uiise TS waffvadtbodanal mangmnes AfiliSunsanannendeand mb unventufimn uaebildnaawedalaeny Amosyniinmadiggn setwuatlairhdiggriaiy Adugaiygnls uiukitutns swxgiiqqnddlnendintldyannmevendiuys Wissiineramnelaataly llimangmne usidtienannel iA aoaniniton anerivbigeumanavanefienannadt Teinlll® auld finamuymiuendqgy Tamanna) “ivinsadhadiniijnsniuhesmdgan sot: prastuhilisesivheshdqgn wnmnedaldlinnnagqnics vinduihehetianta duty udu adnan Athsmgniidneerianas athslnathontiontolunsertinzedhilnarvanile deorautuadlyanil Tuanamnavalifitwn UL wivtonduiomsnemaite ‘woltiniimisodialnedianiie iunig3o9" eailieramnemangmanelivas wnaeAiae, eigen, Fhunns, srunnennael, Fosse Sle rmmnetumangmneertuda poramneriindornamnessulatali “Male, manele, won” uabilaviemamnebumangminal on denateeltl Mae ennnmneednals useitueramanumalssanangyaneurousenniiaé wT &'9o erungmneiinsacaciin oveosiganaminerosesle feeleann Tudvdile, mows, eam bilharaguenmfiolusind uri “ster ebel gaaqn fi¥an avilaaba dont Q@orsersttmans ; f 4 : manlsssnongmineuriausemaed swe aioo 4 luinenenioamanerin araundaulmalaoddantuermasoulwarinty —usiéomanntieydatinty nalometiveifinninnranseriesnudie (ganwncacifienostamth $0 on) fhbifariinlwandeme Abkduasls tenamnemungmnenatAltn Ha Jain unaidomudiuiiaenmsnszrwosaw™ WTS “dom nunserhanfadenth, $29 whi Pom ATDueviiawel (qnitinionievmwcl) Livenititume ifinnUidutiovdtungyane (sewrangmneiBvon ngware_usitaed prnwerN) wT ele, ole, do) Fetutramundonquldeir flagrant offence AH) flagrant aouerwhdeuds, nie Sombemrwtiths arfadudoutontarfinwe fin -dowthe whe Al Dunnatianamnetitieutslnsenutitinds wihuriadasla sensqeithis davis yerithondentotie9 fbidudonst ngmanniineencargn 3A. alee! 307 ste Teirh “PladonindTaal gai anmnomindmniidonth..” dumisanangmnvernatuleyis sna coo Went “*ladnnindlauanmoovdenh... eanenrwirdonty sodgnmeyh) emanisdenh domi hy Auadumewsaaamsngrine Sinwoeorgy A oles W907 ested TWh “Celui qui commet un vol en arrachant objet volé & Ia vietime”” uinerwiivia “Hlanszihimsdnnind Tauansad (fonsewin nindidnhlongiteme.... dstornnwenwhd Wemefiragnnaen uolbimnernndemnnhtinndemhamenesiideme Lael manemmacihaslulaatiignnseringia asdutinaerlaedgnnaeh ¥ituth dontudominvdly ihedhuneriwenh, demanianeriwania viotiumiy wietis 9 7 damfunvineratonirhn mafimustmalundisroninin uidunde fithunisieaalk prin Sagi duntumsnseriod wlaodwnitaniogganseth maodhslaodianiisyeasignnsstira a Df we avi o TamsngmnelAlath -tyqndovwg sfFonnasFouasiyonnas snunindauity Tnodienmuaiodanauazdavounindauliniso #0) Fowwindosiawn” exwstslilymsangyne bitlungmne Wivcusifunwatitnngmanesoulilyamangyaneed uninmen uae youudia myangmneunelreniinngmnefadggndasudaseutysolan Usenrangyanouriunemrdied anny oe FovieugAMlenrwdy salu thonhihnsnfign one Vinnetadingdomerdadeviyoet dethune Torwntndiumnsnesy eae aeusn dowhiduntefounzyeneidouse wiinomatontd south “lnesszsimuadedavieunsdseunindalt Gor sha Dunvansislewhiniiedondongrsnsiinwcsdyandorw wie main walectosinadnssiatinnabie dathinidedented Sounmbinnadrenm lidindanuatadinnansssdunie fignnendin prints matnasrmuthavion vuoniie unc ad uoumindathantid rosipnemann saunie AlAs dune maAduiund (nani) # iqansefanimthiuvevuiuinsnsresdygn fuaniion thor lindensahafutuyredamndududua viguqndewkanineels soluanfavnifumifounsonmefiowiaynine domi fot bifeatnlgoe dovmatahnmasomadadtuydorntidsoutyaal gi ena maninfdutnilitonlgia diqy toned vistyscl ninday souinen wero IAUIN thrhilambRowmnaden Abidulyse flair Aluives Semrufileehienaaiain ite “dqaFonudusontysa fin seiDunrntesmeud Iumingmanelitilih “msnseindudhumsazdiatinguanaioyya unidu ‘hidostufialiehayenamaunue sranlaeaaangvannuyiuscwidad ulsanaansandutamdingy in 5 ; paneer eee FA “justifiable acts" waneiisnrinaeviniisou Auuorawuee, Fgntosuda Jolildmsnsevrdadunciinneriter udoulivibiinseribitaeiuin qaciinnsanin ceo nanfalitin “Tavfangwne” soniiiyialy obe Fovats Minwia firlnwnassaco ant Taunt Daweriiimans Twinn e'eo vu ulobiduinngmns fdenlidunrantinmamdnincen Avgdalituannn «eo pramanef til “umsasersuthumsazifiay Ssliigntos fign ‘biduncifnnetidion Liladoovingmnediyiatidutoenctuuhhensta nonvintléstomehnatyanamnelungmnedneses iunveonvse- “Tintiqgyialnansailueradasns 9 wilectonléimereradin usffeanngmne nauthali eet (€)) TRU “nneduvousssl, aamddy” udlwmongrenelalAtt Thamangwine Smisrsqhuaadingwldinntiuta anblaurhiselonsiois ‘ypentig umthielomientuandrdols Aowéhusriyanaduiintaeionean riduenafinuda’ (qhenengmneliivsananweyy sw vifola! (Salmond, Jurisprudence, 12 th ed. 1966, p.218) anwAliTsfa ta mingmnotestioyuiudasnaremaiand Ildinwnerosin® avitienn vanelumangmneln “anifodszluniiyanaduininidoumsn” Tamangmne ASA “anBhynnathninduduiiertade inn wiolislonifomnindiy madhesoenindaudslndanat iasiomn sithudiwes” uansinil seligerwmnegesyh “aseunses” Anda allot Avderourraufumunciiasivandireiiezauesos (right to posses- sion, Lawson, Law of Property, 1958 p.33) damouguaiinesyaturalnd AnBasouerostiotunrnanamedouadhanty Andraounoatuandodafentalaniyann liane eeSouenis (de facto) niiife seflodfunninielnatumw tnfodtomutudutavionds wluUssanangmine fin lon dk alnwenahiiemnaduith nese! uviusemndiedawn onde usimnurnusiiion -mModssTenivoanu (de Becker, Annotated Civil Code of Japan, 1909, p.179) Tuymengvaneua: novanlne paifamadsswnangmansunwaewrted a777 one MNT ViunnvhisbitAénto os ulodulsilitintla iy sefohfiindesounosléa eal Of we alu o ao atwls dauenvneunintudoramindouay owsemaniauesachuamuctin limon tuenaedota wmnutithrontudosyoanen one's domnwarm “hieslivEesaurionderion Aafintonindaulauwuretndontamn mets Wlouselunisoomaderion Tueantonsthaminuthadyaae Anfesoumodiinwacedwlnhs Serwhluduh “anssuvinen maityanadadonindiulauonne:dadofods:lowivony= WIA “mavuduitgimmnmudurimnwnnd ls waeiiorsan ndorgnitiimudiqathhi » Wow wouFuhliiu te.coo um wiowes Halu woitnsonaduainumindbliw b.0o0 wn" oiuliifechermonnet ati ianeiniaunngmarenin dteyihe arourrerefowane te mufll Inedingmnetiaeuls anamanetAiitn Swrssaiwinwnwnaue Lildényncveor uD aztudwealt pamnentnay paawtins “masuduiioghuvuntoaish 9 lingam umunsuazdawiagha 4 uaziid mnafe santimnusioundindosivand mavududug manisimvosnd WsendiieeRenonriivonw ni lialien anviefinpyneeanvuAloaenulariiane uilydawesomdas iacin pmamnentiiaindhiliten fiaetosntohibkiuardreAtls All sBumaune WT -shunndmorsddugaitronbiszdugaufinyumioudada” monvtasuounstontobibidégy nmounadoesllATuuramaflAuaclnny Fimungmanatiumisilwemannaasuassa ea aan natiaesumieecing- sindidudutiqn Lidgomhil (hiteatunsiudnntudonduay oo ume “Liferiturhumis) auAihich “dumnboonsdviejaoniugeqanaoniy seaugautiowumvounmsansznganhisaind asada WAR “yrnaiieinsdindoutosuethurteiirsedadubuvomwen mangrnelns oynnlagminadlitialuen Gaaygrlagaimst saoyqantosuflamannavle) ussuanmra Foayy lagainsvignatanas Safundnemadlidranietodmeygraniaiuvlunndetiae) teliigulaenan maui maasaaisd aygiin- qaanyool Dorserstteend ngmanetéAinaANATALS AIAN woo At lobe NIsMeeyglagernain aindygndwiuiiina Tliawelwmeuviorinis tumaorqrdenlaitnn Toiy seeoyqnlogermamerqgill® mmemnacinymynqnitudos vormnalanaww Iilddostignsiwanastinls send masynemanlssanongyane seria nurs Aooyqnlogmn Fenaiufrioayqrmlunrsusymarint, sranizanangmansiéigianariuvis —iiémsdsoyqnlagaanna Wil o seu fo 0. ganaetuchuniehelta vievososdwenasiy (951 woo ©) (o) (a) Ye. #98 (IAT loo («’)) ©. YPAAMBNAN (HAI loos (a) ecumnettiteameunynm wbinadanatligerwanaatintigan ss shovdenfoyreameuanniamiadugtekae — ofomadsoynntaqarnvaitin aqua erilieichanasbdneslatia uvneminfaatetinoridunaanss AUR po momnereseyn lagen aniseanangrnetévaoanrauns $3 dneeifvh “eynnalaaesithumudeadonmuansa_nadiysoynnameuon fignsdinnasiiuomathuidutothufinavetmmumanis” (aobig lonemanisen wnvinerdioglveosandss mize « fav awe) Anuoynnlagainauanme Veqiuillitinsesatiyieygy lagoons WAL betoo cartitierutiun on finan weno deviyhaliienuayy (soligeratamnn @ uns unziay li) mamioyglagenstvontin TWansumiighisomgmanetanin tunatHunfieranfoutleuniiowsesr 4h coyantaqaims” tulomaviol) Aoshftoundigtbalrewaangmne Asie ETAUNoUREMET MTR AA OUEenOUTT dhAerauMl Aaa SaunngvaneminerangonpmnedufitertiosnlumendeAtonieoutts ‘Waarndosutaunngranatunnusiiai a Df we atu o oon sqUfte Tebhubeyqilnqeanstunfouanera dheetumfenaly nna y Taeaheyshifleutgurod faeithumsiiviqn vtonsndesmautlomata WinfiseiiulUl Woysanoreiinnuslainiangmnefifivatestumende 4 ubwvowuhleeramnentounte willie uniemmfaanannematuh “oygnlnqaimaioynnaniiandonmunuil lAiuudedslaumannaatuliihs uatofmbumaniseungdaniiaa Mos uIUNQMNWaNYAENEUVAIAAATIAIT Tan Yauane” anu igaua* ‘paloyuimsenytainandambasongminelneadunsiatmlseinndaninngyace aonanuudyouann womngesntsfongmnesinlnguatns daladiamietalseamatune shumngranettn 9 diuminfne nea Bqg 3 fidmbsiangmnevieinms uray wits AmifianmfeathaounaAtingindedudauann daumiidevedunendnngranevse mMaaA seafood vinlunraden SaPnusenqyfimsngmavedraraudronsidan quem siMtaamavasoradiffeungrane Walymbudesanmomranes “naa” fast gocaths oorijoginavisanasesoedufumreatunyullsimandamiiedoretivmunmbinnds Wiolawquand Tessnadisussioninnsenaunasan Amchaans wnrineie £ Wéetachtan he Setetn nce x dar samen’ Winiioinitofurdintvde “mefinungmnodmmmcnne datules aes tua 2 . mannorsd Tana Zanes wiviossnilinsiaainrn @ man 1 awe mh : aera a edu) ead shangmnefiiuamistamengmnetnsoenen — elbivinwwnegluuunradent “uu, say, (ermunnand), Useaodiaugamangsanangn (DS.L) synanetmende Pars, iu cenmiangwanueng (D.E.A. et Doctorat) sn Finuni Nancy 1 alrzunnel ann uneitadyPuacmaiemgwcmnarm reDi we allutl 6 ene sansiand Isno Tawina datvorimiseowmadm unsileytuthonanadiiewroonn: Taman’ wminndeovensad Usiondinngmnedsnqedhanuiouteuiungmsnetnonien Auunaniradwdwnins jo Mod wnscurnity winusdslitmadiamanzmedeans fhinaule SwrinVirinenansesvtmlumadlnwangmnndnvosdinias doluumenaitecse naindoynfichainy 9 sesnnisAaucinturiitosuned suring Tdoufifieatiuguuun whiter obinangmneinunenenises aasmrend Innes Jawins finvosigunntudaufeatumsedvendnngmanedanalisAnw wuungrAnE wioudfiey ‘ingjSeThinareramongynnedinns Fite sBoownashatig bit yrouriow sonata ind onmdmdanganemsdelituseuungranelne ulutinrutiy ArenanelLensnngmnenensresSonnyanlslun Rw snnaMaoeayansmaswswouan malandinngmanedonnssngnaaqni ytd aden nAmordugevinuseinadonquleunsvady youminviyreélson Frwins domBundnusetncyemerltunnadfigntousiuen Putin uselassieh miulfineavienerand lengmnetiaan einasinn id umisdaiondade « a t tS audedriingcret dnvnsen nab unePaeingyanonsouienst wisAnwhgantuderanllladneyu sanngmnsinscenenufihaytiodin iw dasowien “ngmnedimunewemunstnnney” eae NTN scorned Amu Snfaailan a0 Fidewlne mransrened wan gun shanfusemadiod WA, texe/e! va “ehafinangmnednunenennningau® Taw ensinareaad roa Faninfot «vinous ne, wares wloulishangmne anvow sey 7 neturnaiaifitioutalszeenia 9 Rlshosfimasonuminndingmaneralaenetiie maine dhleftinaneyfaumun otheniide “Aedinungmnedimeciemenn” Ineararsttid nquen- Sum favingefl w dvinianiminendussumnnd WA. wee iowa “ngmanedinune wer" The onanitiiniy youd fawledeh of atnAniidusicunss WA ea uenA duthiWanm wansanghaingmnuwas sans ieed won quar’ une arendiiat afer wrinafigdouiteandngmneniuss detnogluseuungmnwsenenantd abewaangMnns (Civil law) sasngmneimsnienemcdoulngitnd reals deuleestn NpwanetidvFomaanwremnusementseuungyaremannonaed (Common Law) fit Wait poredfhuaemngnaidan nian aAny necseinaflingnaneseuurnaounedlalie nah acyoo Dorserstamnes AUIUgTAlMMahdumenndng median usciinsnenginourarvoncdentition vukost mnauanfiny rie rngmnedinwnicnemiuismiedwmnvnisngvaneiéieniae nau wiotngrneiiie anemia) lscefinnAnsngmneonsemname|dugly 07 @nwangmnndnunenenuiduiinsdunierosngmneisitvnananaiinis nsiinginat Tumavinduneminding mannwfovoetwusinesevunpminetiios fidunsed vquaenrantet, mihwunevunraierionefuacdunemiiwsenune 7m (Accusatorial system) danuze vu ngyanufintunginnsttunrsdunen Tnegenwiifandivnuteniy uimiedumalunstuits wenundingrufinisage lesvinmascKoanemafhunaas undrevunts Ae sevuldam (inquisitorial system). dwiurzuungraneiisarcurinalannAumeannrisleslais torts Furnademqresenslunnntune nang mbit ingiana uaceolifizeiieunpinoat Tanasiutnenwndng manniin Aadusevungmnedinymsneniuseuninnds Sqntinhdendin paradudsresasmalunraiumonenundingyy debudringmnodiaealiars te principe de Ia liberté de la preuve Suunfiniinssitariominm simone nwnangwmangyane wo le principe de la Iégalité de la preuve (IU39q R. MERLE et A. VITU, Traité de droit criminel, tome Il, Procédure pénale, 4° ed., Paris, Cujas, 1989, pp. 18-19 Use Ry MARTIN, Théorie générale du procés, Semur-en-Auxois, Editions juridiques & techniques, 1984, pp. 184-185) uilusevungianednuncno mtu mitaeuumsieionafuactunenate sevunam unssevulelon senaenthaunndinnaifumengwd cacbiduseinateld nginowstmaneuurfiesunladan 9 udlfienn Andeanadalane adoewuAMN sere mafivnaned ussumenunoofisoszsuy: Inenerenaianeviaeuungmnesowusiactseina “hilavéwavesssuunsinm wow vuldsawinnthiy deluhasuiengranwinensnewaas ensmmené Inno froin Wer seuuiiidhwartndimuaduszuundrmuasseuuAd anumelndidesfivseuy aay (1h) wo-oc) uneesoyrtioshfatonnidestumetnns be vainngraneine datemtonalllé uncuil manned lane Sawins wale ¥ongmne Anvncnombneniie “seuunaw biielSusevuiilnditosteuundrmvtelntioneuy Teisoufinerantraty uihfosplrinwetudtumod gia msduiiundumalavayvedia dascrmurmvoagiimawuaemsdunenundngudedandnveeszuund amogetudon Ing (nih we)7 ee DA we ava » aot Tymirevumaieonefunsunenuseslnesusaloadeslimerevundan wie seuuldaowiuuidh, anaibiusitinludasthinsesisumansannaiiinngmanelnasommdiniy FMaangMeTeéievsonenalsiwy TausmenrTiiuunanauand wserhondntug wees NgwneBoronATmuvicuReng MNEs AIOENKENY eONeNAD midMehes unm Ainwoenenusoalne SomuiutmiinngmnwieiinsanAnauve mananladundinvaludonsy mafierraefiuasumenusoomagionsalstuynnd ullwafongn Muussesunbiyejanonin ngvanuiiey Vidunathamnsdudannsowy iA o@ udovresnangmaneéieanAnNo? fn “iBkiovsecvialndolssanangmnod ita Taman ching burials Ngan Reena nunsniiiurAnoslaeUle” tehdudetountygarnkae nenuningyy Talssnangmne sive naunanasitagleltuemaqgols’ yan sinengmne Boner wn gn ing a Uiuod Buide Adwdanimnsetosinin Hagndurisfimnninel Seranolingyanelutwunametifomantunyvosatuasl shohurathedesiym tention ning bors miganmangmnerisinen astute Awinsntatenarinanabinqaniiasndis Funusenmethesanaenanmitisy Saag sunoleroyainseitonenntng roger ashelaaatiien (featulymabundiyda Tabeanangmneiiinsnicg nauisnlitymaiesonamongy hisng Uaeraine ofiedh ms Fina Manian Wamu Aorsanmmorgn Inertinud ‘aT MnehAerans anrinentions menial’, toe) ‘Inseuungmanenoslsenaftiveanangmns iu westy yderdiuad dmaiuun vainfugmlumaieraaremuncuncemo gn Tnenaagiiduunaianitua ngmanwiéieaon prauiterdnimanionnasrasgenal maaaiuediduluvokwnmmetamuuutiingrace nronaulorinds (verte formelley erntaitunyansaiiatunadumenneds daurtivdans Ferorwfiactumetieruns doxunahialvammseuunsiamtumensatudan va fugnusosngranoitiiononr meng ntutontiehonmnavionna wafluvistovstos va armedamnuitonh (vérité matérielle) Pose binrase wforonfivsanuianenetunangys Figermuuosnirith urifosmenenamumnianivaltramosiae matersoretuacity verluagongn Ssfunbintubameeuulaaan niniugmsoangmneduigrelaitufivan Turitlain thomdensostnngmnetiiamsanwbalsemadllaseuunaanounos luneood Borunsiinrans shoStnengvanwiinsnenenunos aremr ened Innes Sawing fedwietia rhuddlan +h matosnadailunars Irelsavintouansiesswhanvaiierianefuviaunentong (min voc-oxt) (arguiuurion iin os ues, agmaneRarsanasmergn, aviedey io, nysirm, ITI, emo Wh o-<) athelafienn twnitvdaxosriudsinauaniarraosdinngmanetfieniunaaunens unennaiuvene runing tuefiongnaaemnenmninngmnentifunmunsogue rates oda mini thru (nfl o) eSuresgenw (und & (a) mnatuMomenwnlingys (unfl @ une @) m3 dobsinwemndingys (und oa) uty weoitmmensd unig voemenmnding ys Tungmanettiiariarernurissosing det Amolaqaaiaitodsslonsiuvoe rayon ts soufifentunndunem vieiuMowerandngyn iu wnat] a aTGANTH NAT cos (lo) nT @e qIAM AAMT wee TIAN WATT aod WAT oad ueY rhMAinyMh sramnaliqanistuefuvunfountounnsissinnaiiingmanelienaliqasinelunieng ee ls nneaiinintugvunnviersnafurichfudaamstwmanastennuuené donates FadunerwodaweiveTouds coal mndieantluitumndonunantudasne ndings whit uneraunsnunesnaeanmocbitetiiinenalilioudenseuungerashelade widannowAnl! ustifunriananedagy maldqaiiivvesriavstilitarmmarasty saniconfutiaiouviond eradaxfuwanefenanefusctumenufiunnmrslusanetuvis Treibi Shiinuitosusinerandingrafigeraahumalierionuvinds (anAs7 wee une wie’) usenan Aumannisluning ind Witted une lia ladybitumige ya tiaeaiudoneravenic (hearsay) od>vfitigh}@tungmanetéfieaonasans (a7) ote’) neuen wermtmnen Aahunenufinsarniutadongulenaimorthissluntoints dawdqyndenhninsas werundingursfirtesladudndasnity finkk vingamaunaAnvrisuungrenenennonney AbivaniFaqahamatnsannduvistveongnaanenty unumensmatumatumens wie mmiftatonerniing ereiina a biiacouludaeatifind asnwdaTeiane Tulseiuifuaiudem mlsdodesuengrensdinumenenaasedesrvtlsnos Fmwans Wrous maid ay gow ingranenastioss od eanysch islusowyifleafiuna afineninngmneusen abies etudinimsgoidhaginwaunn wlalifinnnathten Mhevnwuacioaudsdy Inasweotndonudoutieouagutlomarseseangmnelnaifiaanil we ailufl 6 one Tneraenintiqu fut lmnimalssnangmneidininne urs (aluil on) wa. wend $9 fetosfurmutlamaamungmnednuncnetdigneedos hs mabutiyteapens (nan a) mideduwuansraaseniurina (nan eo) swMadarmbsasaans (W707 aa'e-ocet) Oud wnifchiyteifdewlArinameusrernammstomatmiesens dodaeligenmdhle vhs madumouzaiuniongmnedinunenenmtdaigaanumisdaind ofluunit «+ Souidowntathindy Gausints o«-a'e) (aainr stad Tan Yowine CelPimsouwerrwAel wdinnginanelinciSendind ouFertinthamarnides “ythihhiu" seb Saihiilnmnenramanaionin sie ©@, waom wh wle-bo fav) Ineluitestl vou Arans ened Innni Souans Woduruarw vanosoy “wnbahdu” hundaflunnselasonmredunengmceinwncne nrasearstiaon ngwnendy Tneliaiuiely © axwmne Ae (0) mirthinduluenananesasrniensAga (burden of proof) (i) wt¥ahfuluanamnusenraimenwnding may (burden of adducing evi dence) Songranulnes nama indingiatlanquetafintidantyhsy taneensd firing shinivhierharhthndutvenamcosesmsnantiga’ usembihiniuta panwmneroomithimenwniingmdhauagano rhuaiemransd Lancs Jawins West Jobthhdulunnannsrsnemaaigeiiant tao sgenufingmnetmaatiusinas (Legal burden Wio Fixed burden of proof) “Hharungmanueholainasmanget mais ii anurignushestunsontil LuiimsudnnSoloulubyiunigar ued” (mtr oe) nin ngvanemnnAT aa winirenengmnetbininrArmune Hh “Ynsradrodoniuy Aigo” Sadwuniiqypimalafhatoumnenangubliimuliganaluenectiostniliingnte ystomadodroseomsuticenmgmafingmanedosnrautannaelieusal nevrafe unset efuriafitenirdumenaniing lish mningir ine nunding wsosinehemite usithdueongn iia SonfindinngmaumaanaT? wee! uxvssinangmneAdienonanaeyuhaniienauiae TonrfaeRonintunenunding at lMusetufiadat susencevifelaeninmentansiiona annaewe Donmstimans dota mrstdanodnenga gts wdimmthihindy hitting of the burden) Seti srmmnehtunnndnmsemsfigedbils Kunquavindnudainaks nsndinmihaAhinduesl Vilveramnedion do mondomthinimondagnatidy Inerwmnedsemanictits dudondhitudesturoujenndietoriestangmafiesansesns wihrfeduilithuady friumansiend Teno Yawn obuwh ee ee eee ithuniaiigenassdo st nerunsing nat A ulstittosno Hecsdle to ren Fuse SATS RRB Smesl vruiereilahiomaidoontatt aubiiivonetieaiiote lain iudoiestale 9 Aeedosiige! wingnrwhivenuiomtni Adendvonionrauvtodt ehh coli sunt pare Mouduwomauvind didury urlifotudumaudwentrverosunnd aerenaiflavan és ae ot St Khe ea eatery iiiasmazmaage” (min ate) whihinduluenamasil, Sofiemamnensttunativiens srmuabigaanaheladnt ibid uriowntondomutiing]@ hanan occa uvalsewengeare BviezonMT aun thus mauenmiirihhdulumnnneseanibthiveanding muddy snvinwiathhnduls somnowosmeniagal rbidulicn tamenenunding miatiimeniningdh AualAidudarrmenrutoucsosnlaunss saesifulith snsedindulieenaeholautind omnenafindubat menwningmdhaunefiienklla mnudtoatynanemlactetins mafigad nine wianeganuhariinsenaigatlit mening mandy Potiehibiuanltos rremafigal modainduliiduhouted dndulunrenaduliga rns giant men, ndingathiuada du Tonieudouhevten vorMiituaesiminnenon uncloniifunen Haier maforwntoshiindulijenadetumucrafl® sheravtwdlaniitubiantos dovintirinbiMainnaltosnnsennniigatfinuiiogiiuios pfonqndumdaanlaged Tanfdowloiemnagnt uncetontmenuning nan Auihinenevninane whAthitmefssndnlutttnaelaian uilunatiuntiqudauns ngmnermuatatuiugrariuqaurshelent delanadid Tenriteusiddunennding ya ‘Watelimadowlauvannavinuse Wun leanterndiadtuiug au foreiiomotaendimat thin ‘Iuamananoveanhinimenmndngadidinntiisiss useviiisaantasiintisinen ing mad ducterindratodutwg wdingmnar munis fiduifumaetoovstauiantamatio Aiatugn wlinsdumitiimenddulvetowentuaeanndtuefuvsian onetin ‘lonitutiiutntimenanding msoslani duseviewueiitultifintonetlemustiarsta ntrundingrusostanAfisie snoutsa al Df wa avi o ove navtiemeatdoonathinduaosyimenansrend Lancs Yawine Mansraudd luypwes ‘Unifibinuisininwnsinennlobuneliiiamernedanrion wonemvinuedaaBarrobueres erendingyanedings firuanqaesantowth filiersoulufeuthanwdinqwsonlseaan ApMNWBAs IAAT RUWelNE rials MfAdilsuasenansqusnusenanngraneMiaentos Audosmbthindul uae Tushwfifentumaiummadiondy 9 rnweramaiend lance Towns Vueruseta Fongranetity 9 Durideodhwneden vatisem abun saan tue uzesurraalvosri iti Ahifnnsuneoenatsoungmne aiid ued! wnniivilentoMoraBurongmnetnwoe nermuierananchonannarnaniney iaasandterianarhen ind tengmnedinucistt Sotohudutentilyngaengiidowrislumonqwguasmelgiinrntign amie srenqwa Finsiranudatre sorevoomisdouivk Sslimeamnesurin any meminany ngmanenn seftufloulbundnneradim ann auiata. mndaduendnluainatanandtiisclon! siomaanundredecnsuiinngnanelaaalusndaea a os NAAT siiwimn{imi ooco/oeme, : uaWaraiengy (winomdunisland wig Gusass Taniiau uayssel usyt uae) aunt low? Tnnfvosifuneiuaneudlanzermierinimenendaasidtemelsiuers lemeuasiidemelaudunnestia doedulemmaynanwacienou naiefisbiaiAunh wo ty teMaslny suas mdumeudansea mia, Widlomaliiudumwariia mantemangwanumqn HAN oo usEAW daenaigg@enemeun WA wee! 2771 €a, oe TeirwRTMAWAD oodudy d@emediauriemame wine rdanadabitinravous wy nea TnenitostusounaulAsousruuaeuttomurisianidalugmivinewtlen ahearmidhuangtieuteurlarnme sinkutadadastiwinoadonns witnom SeniRduehSomeutlasauadtos gavserrmturnnl iy demedeuriacnme ormaeanangmanmengn €M91 ete Treuwutiavinnrseus rina ari enawtont ution anadududsoyqnalttutiios absiduiimagnaieds Tyr lnfluatilecvoutlnmatavtosléwtelsi anes neem ee co op ; siiedewemain Fonsitonnsilestostumsaovanutumaunanmogo We eae me era ri 4 ‘i dolominswinfigemedauiarumn — duithunaduievsnmsivz0lae “reamanmaned Ureshr4 a DF wa arti inne a no oda Useannvessuan Toni tiimivoastil 20 unniAN ledoa uaciseson ‘usouuriTaudszannithung higoutuaaume sibumuornidnscriiors cova thudauivas uaziuaa'Rnswtonuds asinganatuinm suse Fondranuiiuiy avi oa uname wad diy ovisaiinqduaunrs Tonsiésvoud turianurle stunning nivsomue Taulscunmiung higou Sudarume manlscinangmnueng? nan ws 1A PY. ‘ 4 ined Ao Nvemagjmminsiady Tgmiluri novi magminviiadeltudainanangm A oto/ecee, 11 vivo unvfin coo/etes, wih eivoe Phitomngimi eeoswaee Wale dumslonttosrabiasiny Sueugiudonind mutwtneumaua rn tdeousrs dotuneullldros thn TenditurrtosvouttuRudunosh draunzenenudagnaltuntnd Toumstnyumoua ruse lai noun ouluaruieg musunindiulild mae Roohumunlearangmnesinarsannr nen 1A cleo Hoilnvmnagm Uindraaintingudnnsndinsmr nang mlduninédgousle. ferauansinofin ‘Iuanseuvonnniedishéianan mofininoseumuddonrhinnind 4adelNlh Arlfisourubierag niliunindtos shiimineniiinll cooled ao FnBubutontestaith wusinemdina Tonfitassusetugmeristwtromugifunn semtremer as ingdoieets th gSitomaldsudunrwisernin TendPedueirdasnouttumiudntosuely saTny tuna g niria tus ranegidumetuduns oni magn ester “maui tutuiuitesity tilvuriivan rau envi Wiugrin radiata indi illoandomuaugnunnutedutnal unithe mut tytonivisduiuerssa niqniauiuty dlonsi Wusswwihutes si uriitomatuduoygnaliTonditios suaudinalinsodowdssuitu mansemlanloatimazdragniiog ahidetnaniuiugnina mandi rihiuavituniioulumradogiuntodeln sitostingsuthuaziingdunrsusty maiiénnovinsanoyqnabitonsih tunities ldanalszwrangmnaiéFuanei Fiersananworgn 3A edo udmagouiudels muFooveriauay Howvoslonniomndirh onioossitunaunavesnaututudumnvarian sintnogtuhudiiorsanverma mbivsnglauiinsaouanuida bi Ton Talosnitunrmiande hi Ainsaovauithild munlssnangmnesé forsananuergn wan elvo musiveimaminri dao/ledsa maim SaniutiTondverrautatoshetonnt his 9. Hifvesoom alu vimimsrgimél owe’ caw Humnunreyeseroe ein aeo/waee’ uaz imi coo/weoo anawzediousziin Finwinemdunralenfassoutlovaatamos Avia uiafinaavaantuerndmby floumanantudaenangnaneiaReria Ano? #7077 aloo MeflinmemN Aafanwagma odoredae umf coo/otes winemdumadudtose uflaibamamosguanndintidebiAsauaaluotivviotanrion agelsi yA daumwriainnegind ooee/wene winewdemsldusrioonda sonfrnuiumaneuaauiataduneluten dl Avoulamaaudy magsoyqnn ‘Wurlviaahaataslé to. tduneiiaviastoruthungltiullamutamoslandvioenauintundavinit mafivnonemiludd uncittotaiscurendosiuensnflitoauusn wei Duma inansevinvessusefignmonthennfndundngmenndmis atu mamiintanan obo uiwisinangmnetéAmnonanengy setosiian sousaluanndntlangtanmendorion winenudonteveidwsnautls \Ravfantostuguanaainty Sentwuatosmaginvemwatiutrstutiondinh monifiailestsnastindna mnniygmunnutia Hil uearamenoy lume ifomafigidemeltiudwaneania vlotatesiohitumaaiaioniind ausioramduld AlsngdundoradurrMosiomadh Bustestatiaat often diuftumimerindominodenrloatuaslidausitte dndug runs ueeriviaon Ty fufiaernnavesmanssrivites walsimanssriatmlvoss use gifou Saderautiuss maiminnudumseedosaoueulunruhatecustahudys in ae eget eer ter Roslyn drsciilunruiaiiavinmanserindunisvossuay Gowns“ i Df wa auf « odd souseran moun unrionludumouag saunstiewdiwans7 AM cow/wioo Uazhinril eole’d/odnd uldtorufavinmanserinduy Hufldeoum al isususmuds ord ust ramitnsrudunns lanrios bilder malin zcouarumudulug runs whetveurttunaduntooluy Airestia adm siié wr vouh wrandutostug unr iutestsld wre téiineseoue7n lumsnszrhrerufiodwudarkuetts soutien utbumosuavesmanser vin &. Unsfuflduteswnnrtausaulueniafinnléntest npmviermandnns anefindnéeesifiombunnsouans italtanninvogemliadsait semi Wihifoomntusehaninouroy wine maourausionutotornurigiann yonurloumssounan stallion lau tingnnsrnathelmaawn ona winlrewaangmanetiienonmanangy, ussitolludsuastesedehltens Foutulutomnita Anika tution ane>reene winders Aehosdadostiiminemsousan Wotarruastousawiaumuursuneg vrewnitune LAgSuMourie nam eurshins udsSuoneueeutletsaoto Tne doch Virritan rane uarlagruenainons aut atelaAt witha biinaseumudioonuda seriatindtnnudena ierarsouTamainostuaelAwaelefiniaouaowtuerndaiurion ies snnmasounaugowm st uifoomsiusmenundngrhasemhan iene nadintarinte ShavinnwaovarnlAdoune myrmadsuar bieranouarnd fowls Aswnioesnfoutluiwaavtoslt inefonlinsseumunta Rou uiaialuernfimtuudimanéntunrAs alco uvnlazanangyaneié Fimsaenmengn Tumanduta domtneumousanlison oomloeuts fomiiuhy unbilasuramemyrnady unetwilidenwnuivldels “Hifi aso um awnMiudafosvinlisingynartmndanseunawtosnsy miseuiainerminniontesta Sduogfiutactinutved 9 use irene Pitienadim Fedih uloursudtoorufivanuden doutoltrinreaunt nihiwia (mil dev/ea'te)edb Drrnsiieans ©, Fodunndmbemmniistueimmn ged oveo/eene Ao enagmiiede shnaithutnnadenrsoutlaadanles wiovinllAianniaoun aman IugradaeanntanglSutuuriernmauds dodiingdunashius vd 49 Adeuilerauthat nanbunasvieascoygnaltlentuslanaiaestanmiong ‘Wiltiondsenoutaendindaayaoousenns a senrauin dingduaunas Use mafisos lait bhinanitivulunriognd timrnudtovasiidon ond sunaaiecnour urate ots sracihungduiurariesm runt ian Honky Tautnganselurseshoriabtliaradiiunrsbitasamusay sel uae hiorsribtpndoslMuamzdutos domuiaesislunta fo aqwewies gilumuvtanurnglusendanrsiersntedhingdinr Aeeveutlnranty Hold unrrelantlaarensrutarieat edandra Mlusendroniseous7N unl Iunsetiinsinnudoms Wasa hitin sao var utiuaulugrn ruin ively why bhihesdoduihungéuaunrs ushioziihudoadou liming usin Toniiénnoduveut tuiiuautostug nity &. uatiinErgmé ade d/eene mnasmaliinadaluieenanlsens Fisoyseondinuncurtfennestantermintarnseygreltates Ao tulqyvianns ulorriviraetenoutumaragayiohl wet aduciou ngmne Fouiiiernoyq wltttutls domatisdeis usvseiieuFoulumarogor wold dhulguritostorraadunsdly Tawtersonzenourudabins westnauday mamuuaimaludinins gm doo/edes WirwndnlyUiimagsaguanu wiiiush duzniieg* ody Wifeaduausll athufisants aallaynde. caufition” ood Uauusw @’ beideatanesde 9 piu bmnermmniieuudasrostomeiuluassaaed liflathalé hifeafiungmane inwrials Pilot itv ews mhitouvin s Aeeunsituernd luerdeatiengmnels fom iteatudy eriafinmy “nau nwATINaoI uncATfuseiouentoerost alos WA. weos™ Gaudin oeto mow o Ful wos qumiiud wane) sn @ twins delMurinsreMeMe dulimath (Rimmides) sfalgninithvarnmenonarenatinudwtheomfolerourses Udauioudssccinel tau teutintodaam anqeis Moezyaden ebhnkuliituanvsdilaugn vistwownnoraMnainn luanaaniinvuiuie wooo win (HT ea) File UI npvanelifesn ater ioudivar lifes 9 duser trem aute 9 lind Aofidowtuohulitulinuds Rosi Toqumiyyingy neyowontiA selderw su, WLM, UAL (GrrMMTAMA), LLM. (University of Pennsylvania), D.E.A. (Sciences Criminelles) Docteur en Droit (éaime unique) (Nancy 11) reamanmaned ussdrnnuiinand ww inendusrsmendose Bounsiinans sadudusd wigan wiglurinmowunciwuty oddone anqsis_ndinnstiawnn sdlulaiu “mutha” ihe Tnebiflmemetaiarnty urarsilimmonniiatideuina miueslt « y, voy tw Tordwude.arutuviady UNNAT ‘bintu Aovinfodounssiwienerwteadhstefite enaginilneriwbisonnslmsenimaniy nelaseondslaund 9 9 AhuflunelAfanwinmanserandamangmne Slabiuvante dnralnurnailsindisonfiosinetabelaliMunirh fea faviesiaerah “dusel & ayn ev D (ordingntry Trwildiouss i200 win) tiuwan huftenmagiionassciadt egduthuinigs: uartuaet w lity Gustrmurlsvrnraldvongedetuszix” maimutch “souessoeondratelltit Snaul w drreFinvesmuoy awe nisl seusivoures uvinswWldvamgsse waz. 98 Fah minmeletiudiAvsyrse wens wdveomPedotuacaduda sua w vsi770IW og tild..” sunetslileanaAnmaiszaangnanve ngs ico (FAwansrfn’ wend voona) Yhuondeain dnaanfiennach suneagguadamasoml masa aod / souuverinnnPaseadoogetisia® udduasiiovimwnery uazrinde.suaelt AMNfinA AAT a's (Fafwinaime aid /nged Yoo) nied aunwtawimeuTe vefoot uBueltennndslandfinstmsstunelllk @rtwinwrgml Wiebe! /ieiow Noee’n) Shins utlGutudauvewnndedshusead tunfbiier manana eso (Fn Ainwrfima aeo/oe ew Halea/) HuacurisrrelMernnedelaunditents usiusedine wen matubre biduenntrmasnan wep (fiwannginl weee’/ed've Hobe’) Yorhfnfintuwrinmsagmmailate eagmvinlénetoduiugmrengvane PIQNENNANAT wae TIA w ann NAADMENOUATAARMATIA @ HasouliAet Sind “Toseuiinsno” ulmsersatwuds rihSaFossuerd univers vos fot iuluudibileruliselumainstnvssuae Aowrlufultias ot én 4 Fairer rbemaniohinetythdadadaannmanenanadamangrane nna “Ann on lorosipndetafunelAtugatnruAsiaiog weiottiews — unsmafinarhfibiticta a Df ee ailuf » ode astinasla?: ansfleainitondaeesmnagim (maguduasny) yitkdtatueddulubilé wenein eae te erat as i aa seibilvh gittieinogudantesttevonorivsuinsdrsstuda binansnosioviag uth woioumanitd uncinquatomagmiivorh *.mnemleieusisiennsdausnnell somni)edetauievrdiudlasesaedneglilA.(Snautibiierain).” vltuhulth uffiondin rermulunsonarsTufidavadh qudastuosanansfulMlanbian manna’ wend “ede narvinclunnarnasiw” sour wis (biGiomuilslimadosamenanuds uerzsinseinoy lenRasiufinnnanariias. WWihomanomuinvediaten) ae! sungranworqnatiulmisasdiars (Nouveau code pénal) 11971 wed-e tye salmeiifiusielinnedaunetunaaentolantuuuulavanndelains Tneaitaseiie GfiuabivettrwlMorhslavfolsl (qutavinann Merle et Vitu, “Droit penal spécial"” (1982) no. 1909 : GaAnd AuBnBIAUAD, “friereK: a8 (nfs) uneer’, NasTaHiAMAAd aw en (ween) Hote, Wife dueniwy, Jnvienen: mdhiwoinneltaamdeuaeal GNRT edo), mHaNAANA, Ra tee W>e0") Srucnadl Sseomiuiaynltiniineradumarinilowemimuasiialuiten 9 wanchenagin vouseuaeunaduadiny “naaMoan” wank nuAtgynlaundifieeéd mornihinlow inniiieda asHoaudngmnetuazaty... daciaudatiavenna nwa sine tinge wet ears mudlusratia nfoulurisen ratios lure tuataafanadndoasuledostudwue louiletmdtarelaiomeriannd studs maémndalandifinemaandy oeelaitooradell No Aids On Plane Gfdowondorivowre Timothy Holless 0°64 o« i dorhAstuntorduvIn Chicago ute venduhufl San Francisco iudutougnarnadhagggitonre needostuanuediraufiumanid uniifivrowniomitoousmtontudusbenedimnndn sruneflnetamtarnuedesdy American Airline dvansn7 Sanunnonfondvestunsswouninfioniie usew mwas Mumbronnibismermnegfa wow Timothy Upisofiserhunnuncuaesanrsiunaontiont rotuuuedordy datrntiitaehoatumaungmsiin dastasosmamatuauorite shvfuiiendudaluttitotine Timothy Uvanrsfudqmnainsnatideutesrion usaroro Snunsiimané Timothy bisounornedowuactidundiaendy tafeutadiwbryiiisa Chicago fos dutevion Fenniandaluledsiorniw Timothy + “Uaeno finn janerihder rts (disorderly conduct) uae TitlsiaamaluiiediafinAnusa (Bangkok Post November 17, 1993, p.13) SpuernafedienemaaitenTAAhsanangmnvegn WAN eos “..nsziaTandssms dulebtidenruasuioutoulumsesrantors7saumo7...” dadruiinewinl mnanantineméindowfousourtens tua alsom ll mawaesnangmanetsiivconAne ary snan oe tuo “yomdlnusraluaenau Larmsasiesestun eva uacTeuneunaroo Mise Soerloutaedaatanizne. wougeure.”iimngngvae MTaNIdvANWANINT TUNA” Glanmatounanwiud wes dmensngulssinelses naelallatAtiaessassa soon andi nanan sla nBsymnyqosheduiTaayn tasers Snbvivdenunengmne aabanoyantisanndositunidanens denquidusaneusnfinouruacnAts IneigandanqwlMonoryvosgnasrhinnarg Sntounegin wo D nanie aq 7 nomerituanncilitensAemserqnamangnrelne UntughutinnlsemerhmntiduenaRenrsergy wenvindenqwudafdtudsemacostiy daemangyAnengnenan ov “le) swoTydiun od Pu ldUsenouftenssumannriy savaryinns oa 1 wiousoubiyanaiiunserinirinn foszza79Inwsrgnlaiiin & D was vio SInvuiy (o)...” (SoFunmnarbAuamemsnserinves “ww” wsty) sDienanfiiugin (Pusiiiouiusumes), dv Banani suiinnia serunnand Thinieanananndl Ani “wanamann”ont Da aeiiinans Sufisdomsiusoanausiaeturimoddllaungyanelailddoslmain elaine walsenr Shdsnuiasemmmwndeldmngmnetemamasmaamninianmanuds nionnbulin fulsangoglungmanenosigundvosise anigoutm urimaudsmmiuarantavis (de facto) faowmuda gdomeoivoduedternbulsinmwasiiuedoutlulsmelnetion lidres sentandstunderioratvnetonn sinausemeradhadnwerndesmeaniaacoyts 1 Aottuennqadausmwametinfiniasioamasensehautats Lsitoovivatduawude untslludsrmmauuuriderniamununlasisbitounaivduined atadaoninsanusoegense thsewhelauameherimiaiewmxund geunomersnantwaaitialafananindn wwe usilfusvemausnasaelaca gta blieaetinwmsmstnleaurssyrornenrionas $2 ddudoonnaromiroondniiadhadaselaglumeniis aufainduluenmevutlaanraveh Aiv snedudittwundeuncndrmyadads usiureendoomisimnty Luanoed jms $ainanevinwtinds Infinunsthowthumemafonsn Inuaynediodyasuda Ascennbimanchrialtifinuwruna masleuriyns Romuegileugnlnudrsauaniuorlnnlamostingmneanejation Afni Audmanresrngidluentnd aunadioonriitoauanelamutaringiuerhauisaywnmssals Unfinfeurnds 9 wos Aifinsanellselentmadanwnniaudarns uabwcmuenaunys maevhnihuthimarthetelsnoehienijoehequvraisesiaestierawmuaunmaersnnen tn prafindridlnuneuactomedian shoestDudiaatudsainiy uscathortoetiga ugh swhidlaamannongéuiitanienrwhlsnussradoe doovimost ditedamnannuia we snuvintowndulufatiiesasinisrerfarin Plato un Sokrates dimdinndeerhiiaa sransnthtndarglt mnummnentiumdeeyagnsowmuidonnmelll® aarti yormunontifiondgn sq uses anmoytlanpronnerniis ritdericn wnunaeeni syed Furman nein aana maviagientoatelalaanimengmnesamanindaneiudaiuanlavnaen swuini Foote Andaasterhaneiontn AndiuyasyyossunmeAMWanibiaransumUglA masTaT unaegnuvinndaymyqosss onedeentatluwandiintslauna oreserihaindunfinaieaualvlaneiliitas anBlasumsugimad wanamemangyane Tnfehuthungantremangranuzvm unsiiunfentoséuy dnannane ulinevoans td LimadaxenonmcianeroMaNInd HONE NNTERMMINT hEMF AseMAl aMa a Df we auf « ona Tua sfpremainscievuristormunenasms feegniéhune’ ustrdnlidndente fasten Joafhaciiin IufigangmneflAinaiowrmeiusnanariodanga Aosaremaewaninyaauwe Tseng Johann Wolfgang Goethe Aiigemineitny rag AA veunnaiogangantnms Fortuna dsGacnundstonaA sun amiumyamanatuusenrmdiufensseanme awvanerie usihantadlmiousidtugndinginsaaDunseenerivetiindndluernnbem state semagn Tunutinuind neendns timebtneeliaiourila ulin 9 Dien svinsemunaaelses Anuwndnuch Teipesivonin nanan lnaldenurlasinlertannfinaamaanulindulunsstumne mustrarfseertfbioulIAl ine udtiVislanstnwanaaunnnadations batigaiinannds munmuiich punaniianerinsienta 1adurlustomnentventin uriste udslallalae whiemata uninrhomlimaindiniowmdy semandusdialmaln’ ussen sharon aniintuliginumiogagnnannuionturumiowantgacun’ wiaureomigam Dungurorenad Aad wforintwtuds moviondanann’ wtames fmaetuanad Samnivitun Uildnaeiuruivedhetives bifiqunnenrmmocoudn tAfwutouinde sowarrh ean arunabatdonadiemedumeusetaly urkthuiivdsanianmacyernivinth anendovini lav mosinnawiulanionmbernaaaudelaadayanmeensanaauulan sadlan Aafetrbiliuernmbedndald sownbungrenedse eho 9 AFusog mesos nipiAdy 9 ouminreviassnovainrelauitanehiatradh maiusosainsaaewanindamaluissinelnestu. finsiusesmenaistanwuda pun anitlathahaewmisgeqemarnadostitashoutmmuashhenatiyA Fiance ienfwtin usstiufiverdu usin iurosmangyanertunahonqemudnwan Tnuanetudon qlallinawAluudh dodouitastoonaveidnnnwtneniehitisiush enagntumanaunnd leuuiinsluudta tumoviiumsiusostinien uavanntasaninngminetuelaluscondonlan ee nguilmangrane urideftinngenelnewsoaniquuiitelsidinnuflaydaudeuulesngvanelnete m Srrowiaanodgin ney med saamceneeseme gannstorutueraTneudteae pereae- ae eras Merrfoviefinn wonvnflonsstinsdiuinduymyyosaarcinisanetudinke domeone Borustinant uno fldhandightrunlulsenelnnsiestuie sg usmomauntachniuununtonfinsenatts usssmanvield udssindlennenaniudihtaenstainuvongmne WA. tesco #1077 co ‘Wiunosnntansatinerosrumnysellucrolscine uridosdsbidugnurimooneand wareth ngmnemnbenmtuionnnutetontefanmduMsonhenmlalsemane ngnane souribitwaimannn @ marsithanenivieli uhvtesdestubifey msfinswwaAn une Tannimasenanefimseaumsimaiwiarudandeltinanldesy uta JyresgaeemangminumeuatasnenanT onselingmneselaAusentnaria Fefieranan morliinebunnetite Tud>wieaiunindaufaonsedumenhennagivkaern Wfeuty namntinfian (Jimi ove ea nie radknidveghuitundataetin) Ehasanghiinraildemudasedianntudesdmangyananiauady Wangyensengnes foviimaondaontiinbetumaniethenaaegniiduneyiis) ana leo’ whee ngmneergn waelalegtumassdun euitiMuvaunedundaudsimants Iigedwern fnguusniy (fm o€e/od'ect) vatrolingrainemourd Furs aaaasvasnantnd ME doonsrefinulaanavomwrtevinntundudatelinn arvietiosnaninhgmus sosynnodifinurhiunduiansetadhiuniaiuerstudecrnaheg mintunseriwis wiola