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  • A Treia Cultura

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    icostia
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    A treia cultura

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    115 Ansichten17 Seiten

    A Treia Cultura

    Hochgeladen von

    icostia

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
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    ees wae we Intercultural Communication Revisited: Conceptualization, Paradigm Building, and Methodological Approaches FRED L. CASMIR, Pepperdine University )BLEZA C. ASUNCION-LANDE. nity of Kansas m0 : et a et Intercultural Communication Revisited: Conceptualization, Paradigm Building, and Methodological Approaches FREDLCASMIR, Pepperdine Univer NOBLEZA C. ASUNCION-LANDE Uno Knse ning tb mf bce mcf f mer omen ‘ek aay pecsis omnes necnn oy es Ha ‘iio etoposide ode ack rd deen ‘Slasjaguin wee peruano Sorcteomnivermactetatticsremegetremeteanns “Spo mnt a eng pad pe alg tnderstanding what happens wien human beings fom fret altares esata, and ateapt ores probemsin various sertaontipe. Unfortentey hols and prastone inthe id have cern unbletoagrezon ands: shat would disuagih nour “rmmuncaon [rm the vious dsspines that have provide te orn ‘elect mpetae orbedeslopent oh ldo uy. To ptt another way, ierculral commuaication has ben faced wih “iereltarl challenges win ise bcase specials have been wales eguatlyadjst the tpt fom other areas of sty to sow eget -yofesioaleonceras and ates [trelralcommunieaoncan infact, ‘een asa kindof tir extere™ (Casi, 197), which has bea theres of ‘steratons by represenaties of ose academe deapines To mention ‘nly one speci asane, ntscatural communication hs to dal wih ‘hllengesenultngtom yb aon witb ended of | ‘NTERCULTURAL communication scholars ae concerned with mrilBermrniso ried = study know as “sommunicstion”semiogly condemned torr many of| {Be Same problems apd expeence ie sie Vtores common to tht siping. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS In the 1970, here Daan to emeree among communication and mee seh erento a fh acne wero Bae sayin p08 ‘Secvrineesng problems expen n numa iteracns, ne i ft ‘any of approaches a metodo: woul be seseary (Dea, 197). Yereven th term conmuricerion eed Yo dt temp fc 9 oecommonly ped definition (De, 197), Fal tbecae lear at Ue development of een one communion hear, expense allo tbe insights and neds of schol the ed, war abo aot a aaa oul (Cit, 190), Deg tht peo hen the motel for shel tod ‘cee in mot of he social seer was theo provided by py, Gi sot seem to occur to anyone tha coming up with « Dory of ‘rmunteaion was aka to coming Up wih « comprehensive theory of Dioner Sach svar of sein eppatons intrest dagen had ‘en brought fons under te embrela tem of communion tat eaae impose fo develop one sale definition o methodologies ‘ppouch Tht hs cofsin a symbole airy wis oaeradleeal or SEpstahn pesos tart undrnoed tore quiy Sara ome the fiset Hort of communication mle fe paealy or of inerelerl ‘ommatietonsebla ia pares, he inter folowed the inpertct ‘Sapa st yt prdeenson. : ‘Uncertheae creator, itera commusicaton we predizehy conde trp eeopmental ha owing nae problems ‘cyst the of parent dispine. Thee ncladad union aig ‘oot efintersira communion sti by hose engagedin varios ‘Siviesas they teed toetablsh hemes in tel. Asitrnfor acest ‘fhe cadens wool, nerearalcommaniation shor mut ar out their own profenonly sant nite, which they hope sl result in ‘eningfel contsbions, or singly recognition, advancement, 2 = ‘Spancr acu by other social sktste within he sade. Of couse, ‘willingness forepuanreexanie-oos at abaforatureceeeprentis Sot unique to tha areata wanes of every feld of haan soy, ‘Setadig the natral sce. We growth o development eration Aeainiing Se eupeal giesens, SV 2. grovel or Sriram oe mom wm & Pa Bea Aes ees eae Xe the present tine, a8 ig ve of communion mudi ia genera, erclural communication i more lnvated in devering and defining pei instance tha inthe developmen of any general henry Of ewe, ose shodologis that bad bers bowed fom prior communication rules the social snes, ab in tn, tom th eal osences Bate no salted inthe covery of anything comparable law response a Ning eal eontbutor: were cnceraed withthe challenge fed in the “nied States by ividals who had to deal nth confrontations betwees ‘thie and racial ements of or popoltoniubaugh d Peaningon, 976 Desi 1970 Ric, 973; Smits, 173). There as farberore, enemering ‘alzaton thatthe United Stats, flowing World Wael, ws rudely end ‘expectedly hrsint a world ieaderhp otha ered in most uly ‘teractions by individuals represebay pela, ecosomi, cultural and ‘ade orgnizuons. There stustionereqied itreltual and lngiage _lshat ad prevouly nor been arf the ising oreeestion offered a heated Sates In addition, hee arenas confit were ofenfarremoved “fom an scaceacenvironmeat in which objnvity and sete proces, ot necesaly related to common, daly hua experience, wee sen | le ‘Mach ofthe past work interctralsommnietion hasbeen andl, adits red heavy upon sitetonal dacrptions That approach was O smal measure encouragedby tr seminal work of divine Edward all (1959, 1966), Hal's eariestapproaces tothe sedy of bumas “thavor und izeracon cross tral Ens of eemareton were atepe > provide pececateporis nd srasrements, The ev wat anes ‘ate might esbleto ently an labs igaonhoi int which wecoula ssi sorter difeences. His major costibutlns to oerundertanding| ‘at human beings ase space diferent in diferent stings Bees of “erent cabal demands were, arenes, awed by the Uusion of Dec or defntesess trough the asigament of pameral ales ead ‘essre, This ison of pression and tbe trumpton of generat, ‘ovided hebasfora eet dato -ay ethane growth nthe avaale erature, oa some of it of tasting value (Dob, 195; Jule, 1965, Olver, 5 Smith, 160, Once it becune cer, hoveve that mee eters of lasiiaions td litle necestary elton fo the complex relies fn 1 individuals concerned wit Busan istercone sero eltrl eso ‘lparto, the fouedations wereld for an voutonary proces hate ‘An atengt was mde by Koti (198%) to idetly some sgicant este inthe evaluation of nectar! commeniation dy He ss poe publictions,isttcons, and event (rom the 193d othe 19624 "ong thea thestablsimeato te Experiment in Intentional Living ») Vermont (19828 Tha American Iauthuse of Forcian Tradefi94) amanet. Iced onmanicton Reed 2 e ‘The Amsrzan Gradunte School of Intrntisnal Manages (1979 the Interagency Roundtsl or Interests od Area Stade bythe Govern ‘its (1955 and th Area Stale Centers mt major universes. ‘Other events mostly of pose Wora War I vintage, tht focused on lntroatonal aus an erow-cokural underanding tip inieaced to Arselopment of itrclturl communication sty, inctaing the establish ‘pest ofthe Unied Navone and ie ausiiay tgecien aod asscace rosems the United Stats Information Agracy, reamed the Interatoal ‘Commnicaion Ageocy, the Fulbright Exchange Programs fr academicians, faders, and is foreign lender semisars he Agency for International ‘evelopoeat a Marshal Plan for developing countieand he Cente fr ‘Techn and Cultural Tnterchange berwera East and West. These avis ‘Sue sed toundentnd tric of common to ae “oiemente and events in he Usted Sates hat muhed an arte slur iternces and hua ih cones Tide the “pp revo on” ofthe 1960s the demonstrations for and agaist te Cli Rights Act of| 1964 te emigration Act of 1965 dealing wth aigrast quotas imposed on several countries, thea of refugees from various part of tbe weld that ‘Sonne othe presen tine, andthe etolopialinovatios tat pened ‘sp more powbite fr cla iterations nal ars of the wl. From Ear teeing uot net cons D9 nthe els of commanicaon and speech communiation, a number of inde began to develop intratonal contacts with those who had ‘Sarna daring be eo folowing World Wall AUhspoa its Inrutve to ote that out of thse erly contacts and interests eae the ‘conven eld by Willa. Howel, anoagotber, to not coutbuttothe ‘developmen ofanew sadenieGacpine He argued that woud simply be Souter aad the already exting profesional structures or anoter ‘tempt to unis existence merely by essing sient dierences ot ‘sige contributions (Howe 97 was argued hate very ature he {nttecura interacions that were being wiied tugged that seblars Concerned with soch efor shoud atempt to bud new models of ‘oaperaon between and win eady existing disp, sch accom ‘elon, snes managetet and athropoloy- That approach would bare ‘habe ehlasinvaou aden sas to mke thei comerbtions more ‘ud avaable to india seon academe "clr nes of cviion. ‘ToHowel and other te qusionofwheberorstintrelial communi tion howd bea dni, itd, ran ate of stay seed nimporast. ‘Teeypefered to deal withitar anes thetcouldbeapplid oad used ‘nuvi offer tht were seny wel established and hat ado bead ‘ore fin a word of expanding buman conte, AC the ute ine, © ‘Siuin amount of faddiam could be noted. I sme cases, waprofesions! saison te Guede sf esounbeed enmaataienton took obaaaaget. 292 INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CU yA ENTITY aay amet tint a sing nets, and atemptes ofl the relatve vacuum created by he | standards of formats. Thi or is reflected in se eacy textbooks on Seace of extensive scinte rzereh snd resgnzed pubicaons By [nterulteral ommasiaton tht ame oti he 1970s They were published paving les than adequate information or qussionabieetniges ‘neapovsto anced fortetbooks ia course os inter=ukurl commnixtion, i ‘thc at the tine were proferating at institins oFhigherlaring Amo thos contbatons were books Harms, 973; Condon, 197 Ruy, 176, Stara, 1976, Dodd, 1977; Prose, 1978 and Sacbangh 1979. ‘Sialcanty, mort of the pubieaions were sot wu “teeter” ‘Tueyprovided eter iteraticnal opportunites for won wth tadents and ‘holes na varity of aes or opportanes for “praition” to realy Ina or bene rom the work of researchers, teorecans, and edvstors Sous ofthese books teams culural recs, represeaing he cones of ‘pesalin one academe ld aberhanvercurlresoures deed ‘rat ofinivduals nttions,oiterea Pubtcaons driagtbe early i980 een il indicated the ack ofa tly deerestural emphasis in Taner e een ree eee ee {ee Ee a et een et i "7 f-serving approaches by employing methodological rigor. As had been tried ans nee peege ane Vacecuas eet ar haces mom sarees . omeieyacemere sess ee a ee (ieeicenneemacnet nen Geeey «aly Geigtemn "ite te sae St a ot QB sie calln deers | Se cy eevee sent oe emer ate A a engine mcoanasanbaininias I phage pera ator ea manera anes eerie rene meee sug dbctal ont sper cea lle seaeaet nha Cpe tie eee et eee safe alan pees ere Sona Unity tena sa ond ys “fo by praciones td shout reac contusions based on all ora Signin portion ofthe efforts ad insights ofthe part 20025 yeu. Ths while inerutral communication has become enablshed at Amin Universes and college aan ienifableabject mare thateaabetaken at ‘hsv at bohtbe undergraduate and graduate eel there ssillansd fer a Sniving concept, constroc, or theortal bse that woul af and ‘demoatrat i niqoenen ves ole areas of commtnieation Tn bellowing pages, mil tempt provide some incaon of Was! ve consider tobe Laporte developments in comtemporary, intra “unos oftow ouple ard iets acy exnigforaton van ‘romustaon vn tt 5) provide tere den ieraon and > “herpoeatonsasempldis pone ractirey developing nelopetic ‘Sica feel onuos that sof ea mae ‘aut nteaded to prove nfermaton een cuing organs, ‘ieatemgonen pars iddoergencommneionstuepe (Hoopes; . x Went 198 See Ts, ‘CONTEMPORARY CONCEPTS AND muck fhiswer tbe ficnce of stominin eucnnigmumptons =| «CO 'RESULTING CHALLENGES = ehowundestandig i proce iayed asian rol Qe ear wth (Schuetz “Tew fc a seningpreoxinintereucomusion The sinay enone oad, honce seb epee inert ‘ae prose egw peptone at sage ht he “—“Sinuniton sudo fr ay ot Romanians proms ern ofc dae ae sots bls alae and ee pues of ‘ereinionsip ee fousdts beomplentheyensanipeeninces "|S, | Msg apd enor. The fra onthe eens tat spre the fq. treater wort by sym intron noha nud tat the pericipns nen tra ensure wht ingest Gf sewer ectaaon an aturton cold ao enly be ie to Eitassetn apa fom irra ef communion adi, Yr eres ising eile ode (eu, B39), Uadestanig wien rice, ie angi sapion tough a cial examined neon, yas plowed tbe gfe chaegy, andthe eensve Wg of 2 thatadepeoffomoyinty mest he prsertin ore for commas 9 FJ: Soca ara id not protac nur) LS) «Hels an tenants ave some undestandig of each te. Ti LL” ners eommanieton prowl opportune tide nd da | SSemonaiy recogni a pebenions im be ae of comsneation

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