c





1. Ú

 ± a substance consists of one type of atom.
2.  ± a substance consists two or more types of elements that are chemically
bondedtogether(Ê

   .
3. J ± smallest neutral particle of an element.
4.


 
Ú

±a neutral particle consists of similar non-metal atoms which are
covalently-bonded.
5.


 
 a neutral partical consists of different non-metal atoms which are
covalently-bonded.
6. ± Positively or negatively charged particles which are formed from metal or non-metal atom.
7. - It occurs when particles of a substance move between the particles of another
substance.
8. 
± atoms of the same element with same proton number but different nucleonnumbers.
9. 




 ±RAM based on carbon-12 scale is the mass of one atom
of the element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
10. 


 


 = the average mass of one atom of an molecule/((1/12
x the mass of one carbon-12 atom
11.
 
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of any substance.
12.
  
 Volume occupied by one mole of any gas is 24dm^3 at room
temperature and 22.4 dm^3 at STP.
13.

   ± Molecular formula is the formula that shows the actual number of atoms of
each element that are present in a molecule of the compound.
14. Ú   ± Empirical formula is the formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio
of atoms of each element in the compound.
15.

± Mole is an amount of substance that contains as many particles as the number of atoms
inexactly 12 g of carbon-12.( the symbol of mole is mol.
16. 

± Avogadro constant ± 6.02 x 1023
17. (

 ±The vertical column of elements in the Periodic Table arranged according
to the number of valence electron in the outermost occupied shell are called groups.
18. 
 (

 ± The horizontal row of elements in the Periodic Table, consist of the
same number of shells occupied with electron in an atom are called period.
19. 



 ± electrons that occupy the outermost shell.
20. Ú

-Tendency of the atom to receive electron to form negatively charged ion.
21. Ú
-Tendency of the atom to release electron to form positively charged ion.
22. !
-Basic oxide is metal oxide that can react with acid to form salt and water. (Na,Mg
23. J !
-Acidic oxide is non metal oxide that can react with alkali to form salt and water.
(Si,P,S,Cl
24. J"
!
-Amphoteric oxide is oxide that can react with both acid and alkali to form salt
and water. (Al
25. # ± Formed when positive ion from metal atom and negative ion from non-metal atom is
attracted by strong electrostatic forces.
26.  ± consist of positive ions and negative ions which are held by strong electrostatic
forces of attraction.
27. 
# ± Formed when two or more similar or different non-metal atoms share valence
electrons between them so that each atom achieves stable electron arrangement.
28. 
 (also simple molecular structure ± consists of neutral molecules which are
held by weak intermolecular forces (Ñ

.
29.  Element that can conduct electricity at solid or molten state without any chemical
changes occur to it.
30. Ú
 
Compounds that can conduct electricity in Ê
 state or   solution and
undergo chemical changes.
31.  Ú
 
Compounds that cannot conduct electric current in any state.
32. Ú
 Electrolysis is a process whereby an electrolyte is decomposed to its constituent
elements when electric current passes through it.
33. Ú
 
An electrolytic cell is a set up apparatus that contains two electrodes which are
dipped in an electrolyte and produce a chemical reaction when connected to a battery(source of
electricity.
34. J
An electrode that is connected to the positive terminal of the battery in an electrolytic cell .
35. "
An electrode that is connected to the negative terminal of the battery in an electrolytic
cell.
36. JNegative ions that are attracted and move to the positive charged electrode(Anode.
 3
 Positive ions that are attracted and move to the negative charged electrode(Cathode.
3
 
Ú

An electrode that acts as a conductor only and does not undergo chemical
changes.(carbon,platinum,graphite
3
 

Ú

An electrode that not only acts as a conductor but also undergoes chemical
changes.(copper,silver,nickel
$%
 Ú
"
 &

Electrochemical series is an arrangement of metals according to their
tendency to release electrons to form a positive charged ion.
$'


  


The metal which is situated at a higher position in the
electrochemical series is able to displace a metal below it from its salt solution.
$(
  
A cell that produces electrical energy when chemical reactions occur in it.
43. J )  (base ±Alkali is a base which is soluble andionises in water to produce hydroxide ions, OH-.
44. J ± chemical substance which ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+.
45.  -Basicity of an acid is the number of ionisable of hydrogen atom per molecule
of an acid molecule is an aqueous solution.
46. 
-Bases is a chemical substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water only.

47. *±ph is a scale of numbers to measure the degree of acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution
based on the concentration of hydrogen ions,H+ or hydroxide ions,OH- . Scale ranges from 0 to 14.
48. & )  ± strong alkali is an alkali that ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of hydroxide ion, OH-.
49. +
) )  ± Weak alkali is an alkali that partially ionises in water to produce low concentration of
hydroxide ion, OH-.
50. & ± strong acid is an acid that ionises completely in water to produce high
concentration of hydrogen ion, H+.
51. +
) ±Weak acid is an acid that partially ionises in water to produce low concentration of
hydrogen ion, H+.
52. & ± solution is a homogeneous mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent.
53.
 -Molarity is the concentration of solution. (g dm-3 / mol dm-3.
54. &  & ± standard solution is a solution that its concentration is accurately known.
55.  
 - Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base to form only salt and
water.
56. & ± Salt is a compound formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced with metal ion or
ammonium ion.
57. , 
J ± Qualitative analysis of a salt is a chemical technique to identify the ions
present in a salt.
58. J ± Alloy is a mixture of two or more elements with a certain fixed composition. The major
component in the mixture is a metal.
59.  
±Polymer is a long chain molecules made up of many identical number of small repeating
sub-unit called monomer.
60. 


 ± Composite materials are structural materials that are formed by combining
two or more different substances such as metals, alloys, glass, ceramics, and polymers.

Ô




 













3
3
 
   

V